traveller_n report_v or_o some_o small_a observation_n of_o heavenly_a body_n or_o sound_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n settle_v our_o opinion_n and_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n 2_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o although_o not_o without_o some_o error_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v former_o handle_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v always_o answerable_a in_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o declination_n any_o where_o be_v find_v out_o together_o with_o the_o proportion_n the_o latititude_n must_v needs_o be_v know_v in_o this_o point_n i_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o d._n ridleye_n late_a treatise_n of_o magnetical_a body_n and_o motion_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o m._n briges_n have_v calculate_v a_o certain_a brief_a table_n for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n must_v needs_o admit_v of_o some_o error_n can_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o other_o which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o motion_n of_o declination_n to_o be_v in_o many_o place_n irregular_a and_o not_o answerable_a in_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o diverse_a friend_n of_o i_o well_o experience_v in_o magnetical_a experiment_n have_v to_o their_o great_a wonder_n confess_v 12_o this_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a adjunct_n the_o external_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v not_o impress_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o external_o adjacent_a or_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o here_o ought_v we_o to_o consider_v the_o air_n adjoin_v to_o any_o place_n with_o his_o quality_n and_o propriety_n 13_o the_o airy_a property_n of_o a_o place_n consist_v in_o such_o matter_n wherewith_o the_o air_n according_a to_o diverse_a place_n be_v diverse_o affect_v and_o dispose_v in_o the_o air_n we_o ought_v to_o note_v a_o twofold_a temper_n and_o quality_n the_o one_o inbred_a and_o essential_a the_o other_o external_a and_o accidental_a â—he_v former_a whether_o it_o be_v heat_v join_v with_o moisture_n as_o aristotle_n affirm_v or_o cold_a join_v with_o moisture_n as_o some_o other_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n to_o dispute_v the_o latter_a be_v that_o to_o which_o our_o purpose_n be_v chief_o engage_v and_o that_o no_o far_o then_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o topical_a description_n of_o a_o special_a country_n these_o accident_n be_v so_o various_a and_o many_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o few_o general_a head_n which_o we_o will_v couch_v in_o this_o our_o theorem_a 1_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n those_o thing_n wherewith_o the_o aerial_a region_n be_v affect_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n to_o wit_n either_o the_o temperament_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n or_o else_o the_o body_n themselves_o as_o meteor_n draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n whereof_o these_o accidental_a disposition_n arise_v that_o both_o these_o chief_o depend_v from_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o earthly_a soil_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n many_o reason_n will_v demonstrate_v first_o that_o meteor_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a 1_o out_o of_o the_o name_n which_o signify_v thing_n lift_v up_o to_o show_v that_o a_o meteor_n be_v lift_v and_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n 2_o out_o of_o the_o material_a composition_n which_o can_v no_o where_o else_o take_v this_o composition_n for_o either_o we_o shall_v derive_v it_o from_o the_o heaven_n or_o from_o the_o air_n itself_o or_o from_o the_o fire_n from_o the_o heaven_n it_o can_v take_v original_a because_o it_o be_v corruptible_a and_o therefore_o of_o no_o heavenly_a substance_n according_a to_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n not_o from_o itself_o because_o the_o air_n be_v suppose_v a_o simple_a and_o uncompounded_a body_n can_v admit_v of_o such_o mixture_n not_o from_o the_o fire_n first_o because_o all_o meteor_n partake_v not_o of_o fiery_a nature_n second_o because_o fire_n can_v well_o subsist_v but_o of_o some_o matter_n whereon_o it_o may_v work_v and_o conserve_v itself_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o glutinous_a substance_n which_o we_o no_o where_o find_v but_o in_o the_o earthly_a globe_n consist_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n out_o of_o who_o storehouse_n the_o matter_n of_o all_o such_o pendulous_a substance_n in_o the_o air_n be_v derive_v these_o meteor_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o direct_o and_o immediate_o by_o a_o immediate_a ascent_n or_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n from_o some_o one_o particular_a place_n into_o the_o airy_a space_n right_o over_o it_o second_o oblique_o to_o wit_n when_o vapour_n or_o other_o such_o exhalation_n be_v by_o some_o violence_n or_o other_o carry_v from_o one_o place_n into_o another_o as_o wind_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o one_o place_n continual_o blow_v into_o another_o again_o the_o former_a may_v happen_v two_o way_n for_o either_o this_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a ordinary_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n or_o earth_n be_v continual_o spread_v and_o diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v otherwise_o then_o that_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n continual_o send_v and_o evaporate_v out_o some_o thin_a or_o rarify_v part_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v affect_v whether_o this_o rarefaction_n or_o euaporation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v the_o true_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o as_o some_o have_v probable_o conjecture_v or_o else_o sâ—me_v other_o body_n different_a from_o it_o i_o will_v not_o here_o dispute_v this_o much_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o proceed_v original_o from_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o it_o this_o vapour_n be_v engender_v from_o the_o water_n or_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o vary_a and_o temper_v according_a to_o the_o place_n from_o which_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v various_a and_o diverse_a in_o disposition_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o various_a vein_n of_o mineral_n substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v as_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o quality_n thereof_o arise_v must_v of_o necessity_n cause_n the_o air_n about_o each_o region_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o quality_n whence_o a_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v why_o of_o two_o place_n although_o both_o like_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o other_o circumstance_n one_o shall_v be_v hot_a the_o other_o cold_a one_o healthy_a another_o contagious_a the_o one_o of_o a_o sharp_a and_o thin_a air_n the_o other_o of_o a_o foggy_a &_o dull_a temper_n for_o no_o question_n but_o the_o mineral_n matter_n whereof_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v be_v not_o every_o where_o solid_a and_o hard_a but_o every_o where_o intermedle_v with_o a_o vaporous_a and_o fluid_n substance_n must_v needs_o challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n aâ—_n that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mother_n if_o not_o of_o the_o air_n itself_o yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o accidental_a disposition_n thereof_o the_o extraordinary_a evaporation_n i_o call_v such_o as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o some_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o some_o other_o star_n these_o be_v many_o time_n subject_a to_o sense_n which_o happen_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n such_o as_o be_v cloud_n wind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o arise_v not_o natural_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n by_o a_o perpetual_a emanation_n but_o be_v by_o some_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n ratify_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o now_o for_o the_o meteor_n indirect_o and_o oblique_o belong_v to_o any_o place_n among_o many_o other_o instance_n we_o may_v bring_v the_o wind_n which_o blow_v from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o which_o according_a to_o ordinary_a experience_n partake_v of_o a_o twofold_a quality_n the_o one_o derive_v from_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v engender_v the_o other_o from_o the_o region_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o four_o cardinal_n wind_n as_o they_o be_v with_o we_o in_o england_n belgia_n and_o high_a germany_n for_o first_o
we_o call_v it_o natural_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o issue_v and_o arise_v from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o understand_v which_o clause_n the_o better_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_a end_n or_o scope_n to_o which_o she_o be_v direct_v second_o in_o respect_n of_o her_o secundary_a intent_n or_o purpose_n as_o that_o which_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o former_a true_a it_o be_v that_o every_o terrene_a body_n according_a to_o nature_n first_o intention_n seek_v and_o work_v it_o be_v own_o perfection_n and_o conservation_n nevertheless_o according_a to_o her_o secundary_a intent_n it_o concurre_v to_o the_o perfection_n and_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n or_o clodd_n of_o earth_n which_o separate_v and_o remove_v from_o its_o mother_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o his_o descent_n and_o fall_v downward_o seek_v first_o his_o own_o conservation_n by_o reunite_a itself_o to_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v second_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o by_o this_o union_n and_o addition_n no_o doubt_n be_v make_v more_o complete_a and_o perfect_a this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n out_o of_o which_o arise_v the_o earth_n sphaericity_n i_o call_v the_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o move_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o site_n or_o position_n as_o may_v bring_v forth_o a_o spherical_a consistency_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o what_o can_v be_v to_o god_n almighty_a power_n that_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v dissolve_v and_o rend_v into_o little_a piece_n yet_o be_v that_o vigour_n and_o motive_n inclination_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n whereby_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o spherical_a nature_n and_o composition_n which_o it_o former_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o part_n thus_o suppose_v to_o be_v distract_v will_v no_o question_n meet_v together_o &_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o point_n or_o centre_n and_o so_o equal_o poise_v themselves_o will_v restore_v the_o same_o sphere_n so_o dissolve_v so_o that_o we_o here_o note_v a_o double_a inclination_n and_o motion_n of_o earthly_a body_n first_o by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o the_o part_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n the_o other_o spherical_a of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n whereof_o the_o first_o in_o nature_n preceede_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o other_o follow_v but_o this_o latter_a motion_n i_o leave_v doubtful_a till_o place_v convenient_a 6_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrene_a part_n be_v twofold_a primarie_n or_o secondary_a the_o former_a be_v that_o whereby_o all_o earthly_a body_n be_v by_o a_o right_a line_n carry_v and_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n or_o circle_n draw_v by_o a_o geometrician_n their_o principal_a part_n be_v express_v to_o wit_n the_o centre_n ray_n and_o circumference_n so_o in_o the_o natural_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o three_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n &_o real_o discover_v themselves_o unto_o us._n for_o first_o there_o be_v set_v a_o fix_a point_n to_o which_o all_o heavy_a body_n move_v and_o conform_v themselves_o second_o there_o be_v set_v the_o line_n or_o radius_fw-la in_o which_o such_o body_n be_v carry_v and_o convey_v three_o the_o confluence_n of_o all_o these_o part_n beget_v the_o roundness_n and_o spherical_a form_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o nature_n we_o will_v take_v these_o ground_n 1_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v this_o proposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o common_a experience_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o long_a demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v plain_o that_o not_o only_o these_o two_o do_v incline_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o all_o mix_a body_n compound_v of_o they_o be_v oversway_v with_o the_o most_o predominant_a element_n do_v challenge_n to_o themselves_o the_o same_o motion_n i_o say_v not_o that_o all_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n drive_v &_o meeâ—_n in_o the_o centre_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o this_o massy_a sphere_n shall_v be_v contract_v to_o one_o point_n but_o that_o all_o the_o part_n have_v a_o mutual_a inclination_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o concurrence_n of_o they_o among_o themselves_o will_v suffer_v by_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n which_o enjoy_v this_o motion_n and_o inclination_n we_o understand_v first_o the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n with_o all_o other_o body_n arise_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o air_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o natural_a comformity_n to_o the_o same_o centre_n we_o may_v well_o term_v a_o earthly_a body_n it_o be_v common_o report_v that_o the_o air_n be_v lâ—ght_v and_o therefore_o carry_v upward_o not_o incline_v at_o all_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o element_n be_v but_o this_o assertion_n although_o bolster_v up_o both_o with_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n i_o take_v either_o to_o be_v false_a or_o misunderstand_v and_o that_o i_o speak_v no_o more_o herein_o than_o i_o can_v prove_v i_o will_v produce_v some_o reason_n strong_a enough_o as_o i_o think_v to_o persuade_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n have_v a_o due_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o therefore_o will_v i_o produce_v this_o experiment_n when_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a trench_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o trench_n or_o concavity_n or_o else_o a_o void_a space_n be_v leave_v unfurnished_a of_o any_o natural_a body_n to_o fill_v it_o if_o they_o admit_v the_o latter_a they_o will_v consequent_o bring_v in_o again_o that_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n which_o arist._n and_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n have_v long_a since_o proscribe_v the_o confine_n of_o nature_n if_o they_o affirm_v the_o former_a that_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o empty_a space_n i_o will_v ask_v again_o whether_o this_o descent_n of_o the_o air_n be_v violent_a or_o natural_a if_o they_o say_v natural_a they_o admit_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n natural_o descend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v heavy_a and_o not_o light_a by_o nature_n neither_o according_a to_o our_o peripateticall-philosophy_n can_v we_o ascribe_v more_o than_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n general_o receive_v among_o aristotelean_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v claim_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n much_o less_o one_o simple_a form_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n can_v produce_v two_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a motion_n such_o as_o be_v ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o light_v on_o the_o other_o member_n of_o our_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o this_o sort_n be_v violent_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v have_v some_o external_a cause_n or_o principle_n whence_o it_o shall_v proceed_v because_o all_o such_o motion_n proceed_v from_o external_a cause_n but_o here_o no_o such_o cause_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n will_v be_v either_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o make_v hollow_a or_o the_o emptiness_n or_o vacuum_n or_o at_o least_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v first_o because_o no_o philosopher_n have_v ever_o show_v any_o such_o attractive_a power_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n by_o most_o have_v be_v think_v opposite_a in_o nature_n and_o repugnant_a one_o to_o the_o other_o second_o because_o philosophy_n teach_v that_o no_o agent_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a patient_n except_o there_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o some_o means_n but_o hear_v in_o this_o supposition_n the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o air_n which_o as_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o that_o this_o external_a cause_n be_v not_o the_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n be_v plain_a because_o it_o
be_v never_o grant_v to_o have_v any_o being_n or_o existence_n much_o less_o any_o causality_n in_o nature_n some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v that_o not_o the_o vacuum_n itself_o but_o the_o evitation_n and_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v interpret_v a_o cause_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v not_o answer_v for_o we_o seek_v not_o a_o final_a but_o a_o efficient_a cause_n and_o a_o curious_a searcher_n into_o nature_n will_v hardly_o rest_v in_o a_o mere_a final_a cause_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n precede_v the_o effect_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v than_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n then_o must_v enquiry_n be_v make_v again_o what_o the_o agent_n shall_v be_v and_o so_o will_v the_o problem_n rest_v uncleer_v 1._o because_o one_o parcel_n of_o the_o air_n can_v not_o move_v another_o except_z the_o same_o be_v first_o move_v itself_o and_o so_o a_o new_a agent_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v find_v out_o 2_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o patient_a aught_o to_o be_v two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a body_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n meet_v together_o become_v one_o continuate_a body_n no_o shift_n be_v there_o leave_v for_o these_o philosopher_n but_o one_o distinction_n wherein_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o universal_a and_o special_a form_n the_o air_n as_o they_o affirm_v according_a to_o his_o special_a form_n ascend_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o by_o the_o universal_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n it_o may_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o contrary_a motion_n as_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n in_o which_o distinction_n they_o suppose_v they_o have_v cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o contrary_a reason_n but_o who_o so_o understand_v himself_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o as_o a_o weak_a reed_n to_o hurt_v his_o hand_n which_o rest_v on_o it_o for_o a_o second_o enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v what_o this_o universal_a form_n shall_v be_v for_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v of_o necessity_n either_o a_o internal_a form_n or_o nature_n or_o a_o external_a resultancie_n and_o harmony_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n if_o they_o understand_v this_o latter_a it_o can_v any_o way_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n because_o it_o follow_v and_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o motion_n concur_v with_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o way_n precede_v it_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n every_o cause_n be_v to_o go_v before_o his_o effect_n second_o this_o universal_a form_n or_o nature_n compare_v with_o the_o special_a there_o will_v arise_v a_o subordination_n and_o not_o a_o coordination_n or_o opposition_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o special_a be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o general_a or_o universal_a but_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effâ—â—ts_n but_o here_o we_o see_v the_o effect_n or_o motion_n to_o be_v quite_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o universal_a form_n be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n ascribe_v to_o the_o special_a nature_n three_o these_o philosopher_n urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n to_o preserve_v the_o universe_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n thereof_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o earthly_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o every_o such_o body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o seek_v first_o the_o safeguard_n and_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o secondary_o by_o the_o safeguard_n of_o itself_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o how_o can_v any_o part_n when_o it_o neglect_v its_o own_o safety_n endeavour_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a since_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o one_o compound_v of_o many_o part_n and_o therefore_o can_v it_o not_o be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o disorder_n and_o disharmony_n of_o one_o part_n shall_v prejudice_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a frame_n if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o other_o part_n and_o grant_v this_o universal_a form_n to_o be_v internal_a many_o reason_n stand_v opposite_a for_o first_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v it_o can_v be_v simple_a because_o it_o will_v always_o produce_v one_o simple_a and_o uniform_a effect_n but_o experience_n have_v tâ—ught_v the_o contrary_a because_o we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v the_o air_n to_o descend_v but_o sometime_o to_o move_v oblique_o to_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o as_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n by_o a_o door_n or_o window_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o compound_n form_n because_o all_o form_n the_o more_o universal_a they_o be_v the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v because_o the_o special_a include_v more_o composition_n than_o the_o general_a moreover_o all_o compound_a substance_n arise_v out_o of_o simple_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v first_o in_o nature_n second_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v una_fw-la numero_fw-la the_o self_n same_o individual_a in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o body_n or_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_a body_n it_o can_v be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o body_n because_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n the_o whole_a universe_n be_v not_o one_o continuate_a body_n compose_v of_o essential_a part_n but_o rather_o a_o heap_n or_o mass_n collect_v and_o digest_v out_o of_o many_o body_n second_o the_o form_n be_v thus_o one_o individual_a will_v be_v singular_a or_o special_a not_o universal_a if_o they_o affirm_v that_o this_o form_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o body_n it_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n or_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n for_o this_o motion_n as_o they_o suppose_v be_v destine_v and_o appoint_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o comfort_v nature_n in_o her_o distress_n when_o she_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o rupture_n or_o dissolution_n but_o how_o can_v this_o form_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o aerial_a superficies_n perceive_v or_o feel_v this_o exigence_n of_o nature_n in_o other_o body_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v say_v in_o this_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o not_o warrant_v by_o any_o sound_a demonstration_n a_o second_o reason_n for_o the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n from_o which_o we_o may_v enforce_v a_o true_a conclusion_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o portion_n of_o air_n by_o some_o violence_n to_o be_v carry_v above_o his_o proper_a orb_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o space_n which_o by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n near_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o will_v here_o demand_v whether_o this_o portion_n of_o air_n thus_o transpose_v will_v ascend_v high_o or_o descend_v low_a or_o rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o can_v not_o ascend_v high_o first_o because_o in_o this_o wise_a it_o shall_v be_v move_v far_o out_o of_o his_o own_o place_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n all_o body_n transpose_v from_o their_o proper_a place_n have_v a_o aptness_n or_o inclination_n to_o return_v again_o to_o their_o proper_a seat_n and_o not_o to_o rove_v far_o off_o second_o this_o grant_v the_o air_n shall_v invade_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o element_n shall_v suffer_v a_o confusion_n which_o aristotle_n hold_v absurd_a three_o there_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o that_o high_a orb_n any_o point_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v direct_v his_o motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n find_v or_o it_o must_v be_v very_o irregular_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o separate_v shall_v descend_v i_o ask_v again_o whether_o they_o hold_v this_o motion_n natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a place_n and_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o element_n be_v always_o account_v natural_a last_o of_o all_o it_o can_v rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n because_o all_o body_n force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v must_v needs_o return_v unto_o their_o proper_a place_n wherefore_o no_o other_o start_a hole_n be_v here_o leave_v to_o our_o opposite_n but_o that_o they_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n common_o follow_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o red-hot-iron_n which_o burn_v and_o scorch_v more_o than_o flame_n or_o coal_n because_o every_o part_n have_v more_o degree_n or_o heat_n now_o where_o more_o part_n be_v close_o press_v together_o the_o heat_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o fervent_a i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o this_o subject_n because_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o broach_v a_o new_a opinion_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o conclude_v all_o and_o come_v as_o near_o the_o receive_a opinion_n as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o absolute_o in_o itself_o second_o in_o comparison_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o wit_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n i_o grant_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n in_o the_o air_n because_o out_o of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n the_o increment_n or_o increase_n of_o any_o effect_n must_v necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o both_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n well_o teach_v now_o as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o heavy_a body_n natural_o do_v descend_v downward_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o attain_v the_o centre_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n or_o constipation_n of_o ponderous_a part_n in_o the_o same_o mass_n there_o must_v needs_o proceed_v a_o great_a inclination_n suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n be_v three_o weighty_a body_n to_o incline_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o their_o uttermost_a force_n to_o enclose_v and_o engird_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o most_o compact_a and_o ponderous_a must_v obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
the_o supperficies_n to_o be_v first_o know_v both_o way_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o these_o proposition_n 1_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v multiply_v into_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n there_o will_v arise_v the_o whole_a solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o geometrician_n for_o a_o solid_a rectangle_n comprehend_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o sphere_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 40090_o 10_o 11_o furlong_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n contain_v to_o wit_n 67352727_o 3_o 11_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v contain_v 27002-3_a 06611570_o 3_o 11_o cubic_n furlong_n that_o be_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v comprehend_v so_o many_o cube_n cantain_v every_o side_n so_o many_o furlong_n as_o there_o be_v unity_n in_o the_o say_a number_n for_o the_o areae_fw-la or_o space_n comprehend_v of_o solid_a figure_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o cube_n of_o those_o line_n by_o who_o square_n the_o conuexe_n superficies_n of_o those_o line_n be_v measure_v 2_o if_o the_o great_a circle_n be_v multiply_v by_o â…”_n of_o the_o whole_a diameter_n the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o way_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v by_o clavius_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n of_o measure_v magnitude_n it_o may_v arithmetical_o be_v deduce_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o sphere_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o diameter_n of_o 14_o palm_n and_o shall_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o 1_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n contain_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 44_o who_o half_o be_v 22_o if_o it_o be_v multiply_v into_o the_o semidiameter_n 7_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n 154_o which_o number_n if_o we_o multiply_v by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n that_o be_v by_o 9â…“_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n to_o wit_n consist_v of_o 1437_o â…”_n cubic_n palm_n in_o the_o like_a sort_n may_v we_o work_v by_o mile_n or_o furlong_n in_o measure_v the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o be_v a_o more_o convenient_a measure_n for_o the_o massy_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v treat_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n which_o be_v either_o in_o regard_n of_o space_n or_o distance_n 2_o space_n be_v portion_n in_o the_o sphere_n bound_v by_o the_o parallel_n circle_n such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 3_o these_o be_v again_o consider_v two_o way_n either_o in_o themselves_o or_o else_o in_o their_o adjunct_n or_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o they_o 4_o a_o zone_n be_v a_o space_n include_v betwixt_o two_o lesser_a and_o name_v circle_n or_o else_o betwixt_o a_o lesser_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v divide_v be_v either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v a_o hemisphere_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n by_o itself_o without_o the_o combination_n of_o more_o such_o be_v chief_o of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v make_v by_o the_o equatour_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n into_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o meridian_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o part_v the_o earth_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n the_o three_o of_o the_o horizon_n which_o divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a half_n but_o these_o part_n arise_v as_o i_o say_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n be_v handle_v before_o with_o the_o circle_n themselves_o in_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o such_o part_n as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n and_o respect_n of_o circle_n one_o with_o another_o such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n a_o zone_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o girdle_n or_o band_n because_o by_o it_o the_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o it_o be_v with_o large_a band_n compass_v about_o the_o grecian_n have_v sometime_o give_v this_o name_n zone_n to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n as_o theon_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o aratus_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o the_o heaven_n seven_o zone_n not_o contorminate_a with_o the_o zodiac_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v possess_v by_o saturn_n the_o second_o by_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o name_n be_v far_o off_o from_o our_o purpose_n the_o name_n zone_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o in_o use_n be_v by_o the_o latin_a poet_n render_v sometime_o facia_n sometime_o plaga_fw-la both_o signify_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o thing_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o space_n comprehend_v within_o two_o name_v and_o lesser_a parallel_n or_o at_o least_o betwixt_o such_o a_o parallel_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o zone_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n these_o zone_n be_v in_o number_n five_o which_o division_n have_v be_v familiar_a with_o our_o latin_a poet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o verse_n of_o virgil._n quinque_fw-la tenent_fw-la coelum_fw-la zonae_fw-la quarum_fw-la una_fw-la corusco_fw-la semper_fw-la sole_fw-la rubens_fw-la &_o torrida_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la igne_fw-la quam_fw-la circum_fw-la extremae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la laeuáque_fw-la trahuntur_fw-la caerule_n â_fw-la glacie_n concretae_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la have_v inter_fw-la mediamque_fw-la dvae_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la aegris_fw-la munere_fw-la concessae_fw-la diuûm_fw-la etc._n etc._n five_o zone_n engird_v the_o sky_n whereof_o one_o fry_v with_o fiery_a sunbeam_n and_o all_o scorch_a lie_n about_o which_o the_o far_a off_o on_o either_o hand_n the_o blew-eyed_n ice_n and_o brackish_a shower_n command_v betwixt_o these_o two_o and_o the_o midst_n the_o god_n do_v give_v a_o wholesome_a place_n for_o wretched_a man_n to_o live_v which_o description_n of_o virgil_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o we_o find_v in_o ovid_n in_o these_o verse_n duae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la coelum_fw-la totidemque_fw-la sinistrâ_fw-la parte_fw-la secant_fw-la zonae_fw-la quinta_fw-la est_fw-la ardentior_fw-la illis_fw-la sic_fw-la onus_fw-la inclusum_fw-la numero_fw-la distinxit_fw-la eodem_fw-la cura_fw-la dei_fw-la totidemque_fw-la plagae_fw-la tellure_n premuntur_fw-la quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habitabilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n â—egit_fw-la alta_fw-la dvas_fw-la totidem_fw-la inter_fw-la utramque_fw-la locavit_fw-la temperiemque_fw-la dedit_fw-la mista_fw-la cum_fw-la frigore_fw-la flamma_n two_o girdle_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n on_o the_o left_a as_o many_o cut_v the_o sky_n more_o hot'_v the_o five_o so_o god_n divide_v with_o a_o equal_a hand_n into_o so_o many_o parcel_n cut_v the_o land_n the_o midst_n through_o heat_n afford_v no_o dweller_n ease_n the_o deep_a snow_n wrap_v up_o two_o but_o betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o other_o region_n be_v two_o place_n set_v where_o frost_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n and_o cold_a with_o heat_n but_o because_o this_o enumeration_n and_o description_n of_o the_o zone_n set_v down_o by_o the_o poet_n seem_v too_o popular_a and_o general_a we_o will_v more_o special_o divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o our_o time_n in_o this_o manner_n 5_o the_o zone_n be_v either_o untemperate_a or_o temperate_a the_o untemperate_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o cold_a or_o hot_a 6_o the_o intemperate_a hot_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circle_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n how_o unapt_o these_o name_n of_o temperate_a &_o untemperate_a agree_v to_o the_o zone_n consider_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o our_o second_o part_n yet_o because_o i_o think_v it_o unfit_a to_o use_v other_o term_n than_o the_o ancient_n i_o will_v not_o coin_n new_a name_n this_o zone_n or_o space_n include_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circumscribe_v within_o it_o two_o great_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o equatour_n run_v just_a in_o the_o midst_n neither_o incline_v to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n the_o other_o be_v the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cross_v it_o and_o meeting_n the_o two_o tropic_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o extent_n or_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o these_o two_o tropic_n to_o wit_n 47_o degree_n which_o make_v 2820_o mile_n because_o from_o the_o equatour_n to_o either_o
the_o four_o first_o quality_n of_o heat_n cold_a drought_n and_o moisture_n whereon_o depend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o disposition_n not_o only_o of_o the_o soil_n but_o also_o of_o man_n body_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o ordinary_o borrow_v his_o fruitfulness_n or_o barrenness_n of_o these_o first_o quality_n and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o vital_a organ_n which_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o soul_n much_o affect_v with_o they_o in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o philosopher_n have_v undertake_v to_o define_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o man_n wit_n and_o intellectual_a faculty_n out_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n according_a to_o these_o four_o accident_n and_o what_o physician_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o quality_n and_o their_o mixture_n to_o challenge_v a_o extraordinary_a pre-eminence_n in_o the_o disposition_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n who_o mixture_n be_v the_o first_o ground_n of_o health_n or_o sickness_n the_o second_o mean_n whereby_o the_o heaven_n may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o temper_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v from_o the_o special_a influence_n of_o some_o particular_a star_n and_o constellation_n incident_a to_o particular_a place_n for_o it_o be_v blockish_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o various_a star_n of_o diverse_a colour_n and_o magnitude_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o the_o firmament_n to_o no_o other_o use_n then_o to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o world_n and_o distinguish_v the_o time_n since_o the_o ordinary_a physician_n can_v easy_o discover_v the_o moon_n influence_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o humour_n in_o man_n body_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o astrologer_n will_v warrant_v much_o more_o by_o their_o observation_n as_o assign_v to_o each_o particular_a aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o particular_a and_o special_a influence_n and_o operation_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v point_v out_o and_o design_n all_o place_n alike_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o beam_n wherein_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v somewhere_o perpendicular_o other_o where_o oblique_o dart_v and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o neither_o all_o place_n can_v enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n nor_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o proportion_n yet_o we_o say_v not_o that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n have_v any_o power_n to_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n but_o only_o a_o inclination_n for_o the_o star_n work_v not_o immediate_o on_o the_o intellectual_a part_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n but_o mediate_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o temperament_n and_o material_a organ_n of_o the_o body_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v especial_o speak_v hereafter_o where_o god_n will_v shall_v be_v open_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o celestial_a operation_n by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o the_o heaven_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v a_o diversity_n in_o place_n and_o nation_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o imbred_a quality_n figure_n and_o site_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o for_o that_o there_o be_v another_o cause_n of_o diversity_n beside_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n may_v easy_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o experience_n for_o we_o find_v that_o place_n situate_v under_o the_o same_o latitude_n partake_v of_o a_o diverse_a and_o opposite_a temper_n and_o disposition_n as_o the_o middle_n of_o spain_n about_o toledo_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o southermost_a bind_v of_o virginia_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v temperate_a betwixt_o both_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v under_o the_o selfsame_o latitude_n or_o very_o near_o without_o any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o difference_n also_o we_o sometime_o find_v place_n more_o southward_o towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o partake_v more_o of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o northern_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v without_o question_n cold_a than_o england_n although_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a likewise_o aluares_n report_v that_o he_o see_v ice_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyssine_n country_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n and_o martin_n frobisher_n relate_v that_o he_o find_v the_o air_n about_o friezland_n more_o cold_a &_o stormy_a about_o 61_o degree_n then_o in_o other_o place_n near_o 70_o degree_n wherefore_o we_o must_v needs_o ascribe_v some_o effect_n and_o operation_n to_o the_o soil_n itself_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o be_v diverse_o vary_v with_o wood_n rivers_n marsh_n rock_n mountain_n valley_n plain_n whence_o a_o double_a variety_n arise_v first_o of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v diverse_o project_v according_a to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o place_n second_o of_o meteor_n and_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n both_o which_o concur_v must_v needs_o cause_v a_o great_a variety_n in_o man_n disposition_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n athenis_fw-la tenâ—e_fw-la coelum_fw-la thebis_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o that_o bitter_a taunt_n of_o the_o poet_n on_o boeotian_n boeotum_fw-la in_o crasso_fw-la iurares_fw-la aëre_fw-la natum_fw-la for_o ordinary_a experience_n will_v often_o show_v that_o a_o thin_a and_o sharp_a air_n usual_o produce_v the_o best_a wit_n as_o contrariwise_o gross_a and_o thick_a vapour_n draw_v from_o muddy_a and_o marish_a ground_n thicken_v and_o stupefy_v the_o spirit_n and_o produce_v man_n common_o of_o blockish_a and_o hoggish_a disposition_n and_o nature_n unapt_a for_o learning_n and_o unfit_a for_o civil_a conversation_n second_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v to_o special_a country_n certain_a specifical_a quality_n which_o produce_v a_o certain_a sympathy_n or_o antipathy_n in_o respect_n of_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o plant_n and_o herb_n which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n spring_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o country_n be_v find_v to_o pine_v &_o wither_v in_o other_o some_o beast_n and_o serpent_n be_v in_o some_o place_n seldom_o know_v to_o breed_v or_o live_v wherewith_o notwithstanding_o other_o region_n swarm_v in_o abundance_n as_o for_o example_n ireland_n wherein_o no_o serpent_n or_o venomous_a worm_n have_v be_v know_v to_o live_v whereby_o africa_n and_o many_o other_o country_n find_v no_o small_a molestation_n neither_o be_v this_o variety_n only_o show_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o variation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n whereof_o we_o may_v produce_v infinite_a example_n for_o who_o know_v not_o which_o be_v a_o physician_n that_o many_o simple_n apt_a for_o medicine_n grow_v in_o our_o land_n come_v far_o short_a in_o virtue_n of_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v in_o other_o country_n i_o need_v among_o many_o ordinary_a instance_n give_v no_o other_o than_o in_o our_o rhubarb_n and_o tobacco_n whereof_o the_o former_a grow_v in_o our_o country_n except_o in_o case_n of_o extremity_n be_v of_o no_o use_n with_o our_o physician_n the_o other_o as_o much_o scorn_v of_o our_o ordinary_a tobacconist_n yet_o both_o general_o derive_v from_o the_o true_a mother_n the_o indies_n in_o great_a use_n and_o request_n but_o of_o this_o last_o instance_n be_v most_o common_a and_o yet_o for_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n most_o admirable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a might_n in_o some_o sort_n be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o heaven_n or_o in_o the_o elementary_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o some_o special_a propriety_n have_v discover_v themselves_o which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o owe_v their_o cause_n to_o either_o but_o to_o some_o three_o original_a which_o the_o physician_n in_o their_o simple_n more_o proper_o term_n virtus_fw-la specifica_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v demand_v why_o country_n far_o from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v find_v hot_a than_o some_o which_o be_v near_a why_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n grape_n transport_v from_o germany_n into_o spain_n shall_v yield_v we_o the_o sherry_n sack_n every_o ordinary_a philosopher_n which_o have_v travel_v little_a beyond_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la will_v be_v ready_a to_o hammer_v out_o a_o cause_n as_o ascribe_v the_o former_a to_o the_o height_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o spain_n above_o that_o of_o germany_n but_o shall_v we_o far_o demand_v 1_o why_o ireland_n with_o some_o other_o region_n endure_v no_o venomous_a thing_n 2_o why_o wheat_n in_o s._n thomas_n island_n shall_v shut_v up_o all_o into_o the_o blade_n and_o never_o bear_v grain_n 3_o why_o in_o the_o same_o island_n no_o fruit_n which_o have_v any_o stone_n in_o
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o many_o land_n and_o dry_a place_n send_v out_o store_n of_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o those_o region_n few_o exhalation_n be_v draw_v up_o which_o may_v infect_v it_o by_o impression_n of_o their_o watery_a quality_n these_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n that_o meteor_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v usual_o charge_v and_o by_o consequence_n their_o quality_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o direct_o from_o the_o same_o region_n which_o they_o affect_v or_o oblique_o from_o some_o other_o region_n remote_a from_o it_o howsoever_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v from_o the_o soil_n we_o can_v altogether_o exclude_v the_o heaven_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n 1_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o part_n for_o the_o unfold_n of_o which_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particularity_n we_o will_v premise_v this_o one_o general_a theorem_a 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n this_o proposition_n need_v no_o proof_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o ordinary_a experience_n for_o who_o find_v not_o betwixt_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n a_o manifest_a difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moisture_n and_o drought_n with_o other_o quality_n thereon_o depend_v as_o well_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o as_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n only_o three_o point_n will_v here_o require_v a_o exposition_n first_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o instrument_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o the_o earth_n second_o how_o far_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o the_o earth_n may_v extend_v and_o what_o limit_n it_o may_v suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o
to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n for_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sâ—a_n and_o land_n one_o with_o the_o other_o he_o firm_o maintain_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v and_o restrain_v from_o overflow_a the_o dry_a land_n by_o the_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o creator_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o need_v there_o any_o ascent_n or_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o water_n by_o any_o external_a power_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n since_o the_o remit_v of_o this_o restraint_n of_o waterâ—_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v such_o spring_n and_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n second_o his_o opinion_n can_v stand_v without_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o himself_o for_o how_o can_v the_o water_n be_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n heavy_a be_v draw_v upward_o without_o violence_n and_o thwart_a of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o he_o allege_n for_o himself_o a_o obedientiall_a aptness_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n to_o obey_v the_o superior_a he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o contrary_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o proceed_v then_o from_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a cause_n second_o this_o obedientiall_a aptness_n be_v common_o understand_v of_o a_o creature_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o creator_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v as_o to_o create_v all_o thing_n of_o nothing_o so_o to_o reduce_v all_o thing_n again_o into_o nothing_o but_o this_o although_o it_o be_v above_o nature_n yet_o no_o way_n contradict_v nature_n and_o easy_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o creator_n shall_v annihilate_v any_o creature_n then_o let_v it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n give_v it_o a_o motion_n against_o nature_n moreover_o 〈◊〉_d we_o due_o consider_v nature_n in_o her_o course_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o low_a &_o elemental_a body_n only_o concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o one_o another_o by_o follow_v their_o own_o private_a inclination_n for_o the_o whole_a be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v â—o_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o persuade_v because_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n expel_v their_o heat_n they_o shall_v harden_v &_o condensate_a &_o be_v dispose_v at_o last_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n whence_o also_o the_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d give_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o thence_o breed_v aswell_o for_o other_o cause_n as_o for_o that_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v sometime_o too_o hot_a and_o the_o vapour_n be_v too_o much_o attenuate_v and_o ratify_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o rain_n can_v be_v always_o supply_v this_o will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v first_o distil_v as_o it_o be_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o this_o vapourous_a matter_n and_o this_o moist_a matter_n so_o collect_v and_o draw_v together_o shall_v afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a