Selected quad for the lemma: nature_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	air_n	earth_n	element_n	2,483	5	9.5484	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65095	A pleasant and compendious history of the first inventers and instituters of the most famous arts, misteries, laws, customs and manners in the whole world together with many other rarities and remarkable things rarely known, and never before made publick : to which is added, several curious inventions, peculierly attributed to England & English-men, the whole work alphabetically digested and very helpful to the readers of history.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1686 (1686)	Wing V598; ESTC R21854	60,337	192

endeavours Pliny says that Cadmus Milesius first writ Histories amongst the Grecians which contain the Actions of Cyrus King of Persia Albeit Josephus supposeth it to be probable that Histories were begun by the old writers of the Hebrews as in the time of Moses who wrote the Lives of many of the most ancient Hebrews and the Creation of the World or else to the Priests of Aegypt and Babylon For the Aegyptians and Babylonians have been reputed of a long continuance the most diligent writers in so much that their Priests were appointed for that purpose to preserve things that were worthy to be had in memory Hunting and Fishing the Phenecians first found out Warrens and Parks were made first by Fulvius Hirpinus and now they are every where in use I am sure too much in England to the so great damage of Pastures that might Feed other Cattle more benificial to the Common-wealth I IRON and BRAS as Strabo writes a certain People named Thelchines first wrought on The Smiths Forge some think the Calybians found and some suppose they were the Cyclops Vulcans Smugs which first used the Smiths craft Diodorus is of opinion that the Iclei Dactyli and Vulcan were the first inventers of Iron and of all Mettalls that are wrought with the Fire Sothering of Iron Glancus found But as I take it that all these before named sound the use of such things in their own Countries For t is not to be questioned but that the use of all such Mettalls was perceived in the beginning of the World by Tubal-cain which was Son to Lamech expert and exercised in the Smiths craft Clement referreth the tempering of Iron to Delas The institution of the Anointing of Kings and Priests was to signify that they were especially favoured of God and like as Oyl lyeth aloft in the Water or other Liquor so the Office of a Priest and Dignity of a Prince surmounts all other degrees of Ministers both in the active and also contemplative life When Moses had builded the Tabernacle he was commanded to make a confection of holy Oyntment wherewith both the work and vessels of Priests and also of Kings which were called to that Office or Dignity ought to be Anointed so that it came to pass that the Anointing was the very token and difference whereby Kings were known amongst the Hebrews as the Emperours in Rome were known by their Purple Robes Aaron and his Sons were the first Anointed Priests and Samuel Anointed Saul first King over Israel and so consequently it grew into a custome that Priests and Kings were Anointed L THe Law is a constant and perpetual good thing without which no House no Citty no Countrey no Estates of Men no Natural Creature nor the World it self can consist firm and stable For it obeyeth God and all other things Aire Water Land and Men are in obedience to it Chrysippus calleth it a knowledge of all Divine and Humane Affairs commanding equity and expulsing wickedness and wrong There are of Laws three kinds one Natural that is not only appropriated to man but also it concerneth all other living things either in the Earth Sea or Aire as we perceive in all kinds of living Creatures naturally a certain familiarity of Male and Female procreation of Kind and a proclinity to nourish the same the which proceedeth from a Natural Law engrafted in them Nature her self that is God was the Author of this The second is Named the Law which all men use generally throughout the World as to shew a man the way to communicate to men the commodity of the Elements Water and Aire to this kind appertaineth the Law of Armes and it is called in Latine Ius Gentium-Civil Law is of every Country or Citty as of the Romans Lacedemonians Athenians c. This consisteth in decrees of Princes Statutes and Proclamations The chief and principal Laws were promulgate by God confirmed after the most pure and perfect manner stable constant and subject to no transmutation After the example of these Man hath invented Laws to defend and preserve good men and to punish and keep wicked Persons in good Order Such Laws Ceres made first as Diodonus writes but others suppose it to be Rhadamantus and afterwards others in divers Countreys devised and ordained Laws as in Athens Draco and Solon in Aegypt Mercury in Creet Minos in Lacedemonia curgus in Tyre Tharandus in Argos Phoroneus in Rome Romulus in Iltaly Pythagoras or after the mind of Dionisius the Arcadians that were under Evander as their Soveraign Lord and chief Captain Notwithstanding the very true Author of Laws is God which as hath been said first planted in us the Law of Nature and when it was corrupted by Adam and his posterity he gave the Written Law by Moses to reduce us again to our first state and true instinct of Nature which was before all other as Eusebius declaireth Lotts the casting of them Numerius Suffusius devised first at Preneste Looking-Glasses of Silver were invented by Praxiteles in the time of Pompey the Great there were also invented Looking-Glasses of Steel Lead Christal-Glass which one Sydon is reported to have been the first inventer of Glass was found out in Phenicia being ingendered in the River which is called Belus and it happened on this occasion A Merchants Ship being fraighted with Salt-peter came to that place and as they were prepairing their Meat on the Sands they could not find Stones to bear up their Vessels so that they were fain to lay great pieces of Nitre under them which being set on Fire and mingling with the Sand there appeared great flakes of melted Glass Lamps and Hanging Lights began of the Candles that Moses set up to burn in the Tabernacle Laws of Mourning of Obit's Funeral Exequies that are performed over dead Bodyes were the institution of Polugius although Isidore ascribeth the Original of it to the Apostles and he himself did augment the Rites that we use at this time Ambrose supposeth that Mourning proceeded from the Custom of the Hebrews which Lamented Jacob Forty days and Moses the space of Thirty days for that time was but counted sufficient for the Wife to weep in It was also the custom of the antient Romans to mourn For Numa Pompilius assigned Oblations to the Infernal Gods for the dead and did inhibite that a Child under the age of three years should be bewailed and that the elder sort should be mourned no more months then he had lived if any were married within that space again it was counted for a great reproach Wherefore Numa ordained that such as left of Mourning before the day limited should offer a Cow that was great with calf for expiation If that Rite were used now adayes and namely in England we should have small store of Veals there be so many that Marry within the space of time prescribed Plutarch writeth that the Women in their Mourning laid aside all Purple Gold and Sumptuous or rich Apparral and were cloathed

press the Wine out of the Grape as Saturn did in Italy Some would have it to be Icarins the Father of Penelope that found the virtue of the Grape in Athens who is reported to have been slain by the Husbandmen when they were Drunk Atheneus in one place writeth that Orestus Son to Dencalion first discovered the Vine about Mount Aetna in Sicily In another place he sayes that it was found in the City Plinthina in Aegypt Aruntes a Tirrhen banished out of his Countrey by Lucinon whom he brought up of a Child carried the first Wine into France But before all these Noah was the first that either Tilled the Land or Planted the Vineyard and when that he had tasted too much of the Fruit of the Grape he was Drunk Wine Taverns were set up first by the Lydians a people of Asia which also found out and invented divers Games Staphylus as Pliny saith was the first that allayed Wine But for all these generally entertained Opinions the Poets will have Bacchus to be the first deviser and God of it and that he taught those Countries how to make Ale of Barley which had no Grapes growing into this Drink the Germans afterwards put Hops and called it Beer The Winds were first observed by Aeolus as 't is reported from the prognostication of the Inhabitants of the Islands about Sicily who by the smoak of the said Isles three dayes before were said to know what Winds they should have Aeolus for his great insight into the Nature of them hath by the general consent of Poets the Dominion over them attributed to him The Winds as some divide them are said to be four according to the four principal Regions of the Aire those that are more curious in their search and inquiry of their Natures will have them to be no less then eight And especially one Andronicus Corestes who Builded a Terret in Athens and set on every side of it the Images of the Winds graven against the Rigion whence the Winds came they were placed on Pillars of Marble and in the middle he set a Brazen Image of Triton which he had made so that it would turn with a Gust and stand with its Face towards the Wind that blew being so devised as to point with a Rod to the Image of the said Wind which hath been since imitated and used in most Countries for 't is an usual custome to set up Weather-cocks or Fans to show out of what Quarter the Wind bloweth The seven Wise Men of Greece who lived as one saith when there was a scarcity of Wisedom were as followeth Bias he was born in the Haven Town of Prieane in the Countrey of Jonia Solon was of the Island of Salamine Chilo was of Lacedemonia Cleobolus had his birth at Lindus in the Isle of Rhodes Pittacus was of Mitylene in the Isle of Lesbes Thales received his first breath at Miletum in Greece the last of them was Periander King of Corinth The wonders of the World were reputed seven of the same number of the Wise men of Greece The first were of the Walls of Babylon built by Semeramis of stone joyned together with a strange kind of slimy and gluish Morter which grew in the Mines of those Countryes and especially in the Lake where stood in time past Sodome and Gomorrah now called Asfatilda These walls according to the Town were built in a quadrangle and contained in circuit as saith Pliny in the 26th chapter of his sixt Book 60 miles so that every square was fifteen miles long they were 200 foot high and 15 foot thick To build these walls were hired by Semiramis out of divers Countryes for a long space 300000 men The Second was the Pillar of the Sun offered by the Gentiles unto Jupiter This Pillar stood in the Isle of Rhodes and was made of Iron in the form of a man of incredible greatness insomuch that a man could scarce Fadom the great finger thereof After it had stood 56 years it fell down by reason of an Earthquake and so lay till the Island was won by the Souldan of Aegypt who carried as much mettall away as loaded 900 Camels The Third were the Obelisci or the Piramids of Aegypt of which we have already discoursed The Fourth was the Mansoleum of Mansolus King of Caria Husband to Artimesia this woman for the great love she had to his Memory burnt his body drunk his ashes beaten to a powder thinging no Sepulcher so worthy of him as her own body the remainder of the powder which she found it impossible for her to drink she buried in his Famous Tomb. This Monument was of a most excellent kind of Marble it was 411 feet in circute and 25 cubits high it was invironed with 36 Pillars most curiously carved The Fifth was the Temple of Diana at Ephesus of which in ' its proper place we have also discoursed more at large The Sixt was the Image of Jupiter Olympus in Achia all of Porphyry an infinite number of little pieces being wonderfully joyned together this Statue or Image besides the excellency of the work was more especially admired for the greatness thereof and was the more Famous by reason that the Games called the Olympiades were there kept The Seventh was the Tower Pharos nigh to Alexandria in Aegypt built by Ptolomeus Philadelphus King of Aegypt to direct the Passengers which way to approach the Haven thereabouts by burning of pitch or other light materials This Tower was of a marvelous height and of singular Workmanship the building whereof cost according to our Money 4800000 Crowns some Authors set down for the Eight Wonders the Gardens and Orchards upon the walls of Babylon AN APPENDIX Rare Inventions peculiarly attributed to England and English-men MASONS Carving in Stone and erecting statly Piles with the like Materials The Art of curious Painting and Glazing with Glass now in use were First shewed to the English by one Joanes A Benedictine in the year of Christ 728. and since by Improvement brought to the perfection they are at present found to be in The Famous Invention of Printing being found out in Germany was First brought into England by William Caxton a Mercer who in the Reign of King Edward the Fourth kept a Printing-House in Westminster Abby by the Permission of Simon Islip Abbot of that Place and the First Book there Printed was Tullies Offices Coaches were Invented by Monsieur Pedarus a French-man and brought into England in the year 1559. though Charriots are of a longer standing Watches were the Invention of a German and the Invention brought into England Anno 1580. The Famous Inventers and Improvers were Cornelius Van Dreble and Janus Torrianellus the first Clocks were brought into England much about the same time The Pendulum was Invented by Mr. Hook Fellow of the Royal Society Famous in the Mathematicks and Mechanical Improvement All sorts of Optiek-Glasses and Tubes as the Telescope the Invention of the Famous Galileo the Microscope