Selected quad for the lemma: nature_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	air_n	earth_n	element_n	2,483	5	9.5484	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06950	Markhams maister-peece, or, What doth a horse-man lacke containing all possible knowledge whatsoeuer which doth belong to any smith, farrier or horse-leech, touching the curing of all maner of diseases or sorrances in horses : drawne with great paine and most approued experience from the publique practise of all the forraine horse-marshals of Christendome and from the priuate practise of all the best farriers of this kingdome : being deuided into two bookes, the first containing all cures physicall, the second whatsoeuer belongeth to chirurgerie, with an addition of 130 most principall chapters and 340 most excellent medicines, receits and secrets worthy euery mans knowledge, neuer written of nor mentioned in any author before whatsoeuer : together with the true nature, vse, and qualitie of euerie simple spoken of through the whole worke : reade me, practise me, and admire me / written by Geruase Markham gentleman.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1610 (1610)	STC 17376.5; ESTC S4777	291,300	517

that_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v or_o proceed_v from_o it_o now_o of_o these_o element_n which_o be_v the_o usual_a first_o mover_n or_o beginner_n of_o all_o move_a thing_n there_o be_v only_o four_o in_o number_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fire_n aire_n water_n and_o earth_n meaning_n not_o that_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n which_o be_v visible_a here_o with_o we_o beneath_o and_o which_o through_o the_o grossness_n thereof_o be_v both_o palpable_a and_o to_o be_v discern_v but_o those_o which_o be_v mount_v aloft_o and_o through_o their_o purity_n invisible_a and_o conceal_v from_o we_o for_o the_o other_o be_v compound_v body_n and_o not_o simple_a and_o of_o these_o perfect_a and_o distinct_a element_n you_o shall_v know_v that_o the_o fire_n be_v the_o high_a as_o be_v fix_v or_o join_v next_o unto_o the_o moon_n be_v hot_a and_o dry_a yet_o natural_o exceed_v or_o be_v most_o predominant_a or_o rule_v in_o heat_n the_o air_n be_v place_v next_o unto_o the_o fire_n and_o be_v natural_o light_a and_o hot_a yet_o his_o predominant_a or_o chief_a quality_n be_v moist_a the_o water_n be_v adjoin_v unto_o the_o air_n the_o disposition_n thereof_o be_v heavy_a and_o moist_a but_o his_o predominant_a or_o chief_a quality_n only_o cold_a last_o the_o earth_n adjoin_v to_o the_o water_n be_v the_o low_a and_o it_o be_v most_o heavy_a and_o cold_a but_o the_o predominant_a or_o chief_a quality_n thereof_o be_v only_a dryness_n now_o for_o the_o virtue_n property_n and_o operation_n of_o these_o four_o element_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o first_o the_o fire_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o heat_n move_v matter_n to_o generation_n and_o stir_v up_o warmth_n in_o all_o live_a thing_n it_o be_v that_o which_o the_o philosopher_n call_v heterogenia_n which_o be_v in_o mix_a body_n to_o separate_v thing_n of_o diverse_a kind_n one_o from_o another_o and_o also_o to_o join_v thing_n of_o like_a kind_n together_o which_o they_o likewise_o call_v homogenia_fw-la for_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o bone_n of_o horse_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o flesh_n the_o flesh_n from_o the_o sinew_n the_o sinew_n from_o the_o vein_n the_o vein_n from_o the_o artery_n the_o heart_n from_o the_o liver_n the_o liver_n from_o the_o spleen_n and_o so_o forth_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o we_o see_v the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o fuel_n we_o burn_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o heat_n to_o be_v separate_v and_o divide_v one_o from_o another_o as_o the_o vapour_n from_o the_o smoke_n the_o smoke_n from_o the_o flame_n and_o the_o flame_n from_o the_o ash_n and_o as_o in_o these_o thing_n so_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n as_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o metal_n and_o such_o like_a where_o the_o fire_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o heat_n separate_v body_n from_o body_n that_o be_v mettle_n from_o mettle_n and_o corruption_n from_o incorruption_n gather_v and_o knit_v together_o every_o thing_n of_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o kind_n beside_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v to_o ripen_v order_n and_o digest_v thing_n raw_a and_o undigested_a mingle_v the_o dry_a with_o the_o moist_a and_o open_v the_o power_n that_o the_o air_n be_v somewhat_o more_o solid_a and_o gross_a may_v enter_v into_o the_o body_n and_o last_o it_o breathe_v and_o moderate_v the_o coldness_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o may_v not_o distemper_v or_o confound_v the_o body_n touch_v the_o virtue_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o air_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o by_o the_o moistness_n thereof_o it_o make_v the_o matter_n apt_a to_o receive_v shape_n either_o natural_a or_o accidental_a and_o by_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o fire_n bring_v the_o power_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o star_n into_o the_o inferour_n body_n make_v the_o mix_a body_n not_o only_o subtle_a and_o penetrable_a but_o also_o light_a and_o mount_a to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v neither_o be_v too_o gross_a nor_o too_o heavy_a second_o the_o air_n through_o his_o moistness_n cool_v the_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o heart_n liver_n and_o entrail_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v by_o the_o office_n of_o the_o light_n and_o lung_n which_o like_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n draw_v incessant_o fresh_a air_n unto_o the_o heart_n and_o inward_a member_n and_o albeit_o the_o air_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o outward_a eye_n to_o be_v any_o thing_n near_o so_o moist_a as_o the_o water_n yet_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n both_o of_o our_o book_n and_o best_a physician_n it_o it_o be_v by_o much_o the_o moist_a which_o be_v well_o prove_v say_v they_o by_o the_o abundant_a flux_n it_o contain_v which_o flux_n spread_v itself_o so_o far_o abroad_o in_o the_o body_n that_o it_o fill_v every_o empty_a part_n and_o corner_n thereof_o with_o the_o special_a property_n and_o character_n of_o moistness_n and_o by_o that_o reason_n be_v much_o hard_a to_o be_v keep_v within_o his_o own_o bound_n then_o the_o water_n be_v last_o as_o the_o water_n be_v alter_v by_o god_n from_o his_o first_o natural_a place_n for_o the_o better_a profit_n both_o of_o man_n and_o beast_n even_o so_o the_o air_n according_a to_o schoolmen_n opinion_n be_v not_o leave_v altogether_o in_o his_o first_o natural_a disposition_n lest_o be_v overmoi_v it_o shall_v so_o confound_v and_o suffocate_v all_o sense_n that_o neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o breathe_v or_o live_v now_o for_o the_o virtue_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o through_o the_o coldness_n thereof_o it_o conglutinate_v and_o bind_v in_o mix_v body_n both_o part_n &_o member_n together_o which_o be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n as_o bone_n with_o flesh_n and_o sinew_n flesh_n with_o sinew_n &_o bone_n and_o sinew_n with_o bone_n and_o flesh_n even_o as_o for_o a_o familiar_a example_n we_o see_v in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o great_a frost_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o cold_a how_o it_o bind_v thing_n of_o diverse_a kind_n together_o bring_v into_o one_o mass_n or_o substance_n both_o water_n dirt_n stone_n straw_n stick_n and_o leaf_n the_o water_n also_o with_o its_o coldness_n do_v temper_n and_o cool_v the_o inflammation_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n gather_v together_o those_o thing_n which_o otherwise_o the_o violent_a heat_n will_v disperse_v and_o scatter_v abroad_o last_o for_o the_o virtue_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v through_o his_o dryness_n in_o mix_a body_n so_o to_o harden_v and_o fix_v they_o together_o that_o they_o may_v retain_v their_o shape_n which_o otherwise_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n will_v be_v so_o soluble_a and_o loose_a that_o they_o can_v not_o hold_v together_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o paste_n wax_n and_o such_o like_a which_o while_o it_o be_v moist_a will_v receive_v no_o print_n but_o be_v once_o harden_v it_o retain_v any_o form_n that_o be_v press_v into_o it_o and_o here_o to_o be_v note_v that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n when_o any_o sensible_a body_n die_v not_o only_o every_o quality_n but_o every_o substance_n and_o part_n make_v his_o return_n to_o the_o element_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v as_o heat_n to_o the_o fire_n moistness_n to_o the_o air_n coldness_n to_o the_o water_n &_o dryness_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o thus_o brief_o you_o see_v that_o of_o these_o four_o common_a element_n or_o common_a beginner_n of_o thing_n the_o fire_n be_v hot_a separate_v the_o air_n be_v moist_a shape_v the_o water_n be_v cold_a bind_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a harden_v and_o retain_v the_o use_n that_o you_o be_v to_o make_v of_o this_o knowledge_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n be_v that_o when_o you_o find_v any_o sickness_n or_o infirmity_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o fire_n as_o inflammation_n of_o the_o body_n or_o such_o like_a that_o then_o you_o apply_v simple_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o may_v moisten_v and_o cool_v the_o violence_n of_o that_o heat_n if_o the_o infirmity_n proceed_v from_o the_o air_n as_o flux_n of_o blood_n or_o too_o much_o moisture_n than_o you_o shall_v apply_v simple_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fire_n or_o earth_n who_o heat_n and_o dryness_n may_v disperse_v and_o harden_v such_o moisture_n if_o the_o disease_n spring_n from_o the_o water_n as_o cold_n rheum_n apoplexy_n and_o such_o like_a than_o you_o shall_v seek_v simple_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o air_n that_o through_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o moist_a lightness_n of_o the_o other_o all_o such_o cold_a gross_a and_o solid_a humour_n may_v be_v disperse_v but_o if_o the_o disease_n proceed_v from_o the_o

earth_n as_o manginesse_n and_o leprosy_n or_o their_o like_a that_o be_v dry_a &_o harden_a infection_n than_o you_o shall_v seek_v simple_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fire_n only_o who_o heat_n may_v dissolve_v &_o loosen_v those_o ill_n knit_v dry_a and_o hard_a humour_n thus_o you_o see_v too_o much_o heat_n be_v abate_v by_o coldness_n and_o moistness_n too_o much_o moistness_n by_o heat_n and_o dryness_n too_o much_o coldness_n by_o heat_n and_o moistness_n too_o much_o dryness_n by_o heat_n only_o thus_o much_o of_o these_o four_o common_a element_n which_o begin_v all_o thing_n live_v and_o unlive_v sensible_a and_o unsensible_a yet_o of_o sensible_a thing_n which_o live_v and_o have_v blood_n there_o be_v other_o more_o near_a element_n or_o beginning_n which_o be_v call_v proper_a element_n or_o generation_n as_o the_o engender_v seed_n and_o menstrual_a blood_n from_o whence_o every_o beast_n take_v his_o first_o shape_n and_o beginning_n and_o yet_o these_o proper_a beginning_n have_v their_o whole_a dependency_n and_o hang_n upon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o first_o common_a beginning_n already_o speak_v of_o which_o be_v moist_a dry_a hot_a and_o cold_a for_o without_o they_o they_o be_v nothing_o nor_o can_v do_v any_o thing_n chap._n 3._o of_o temperament_n and_o their_o several_a kind_n and_o how_o far_o every_o way_n they_o extend_v in_o horse_n these_o temperament_n or_o temperature_n which_o be_v the_o second_o thing_n in_o a_o horse_n composition_n do_v spring_n from_o the_o commixture_n of_o the_o four_o element_n and_o be_v nine_o in_o number_n whereof_o eight_o be_v unequal_a and_o the_o nine_o be_v equal_a of_o the_o eight_o unequal_a four_o be_v ●imple_a and_o those_o be_v hot_a cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a which_o physician_n call_v the_o first_o quality_n and_o of_o these_o the_o first_o two_o be_v active_a and_o the_o other_o two_o passive_a the_o other_o four_o be_v compound_n and_o they_o be_v hot_a &_o moist_a hot_a &_o dry_a cold_a and_o moist_a cold_a and_o dry_a now_o the_o equal_a temperament_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o a_o universal_a and_o a_o special_a the_o equal_a temperament_n universal_a be_v when_o the_o four_o element_n be_v in_o a_o equal_a proportion_n geneneral_o divide_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n nature_n enjoin_v no_o more_o from_o the_o one_o then_o from_o the_o other_o the_o equal_a temperament_n special_a be_v when_o the_o element_n be_v proportion_v according_a as_o every_o kind_n do_v most_o proper_o require_v be_v it_o either_o plant_n or_o beast_n in_o plant_n when_o every_o plant_n have_v that_o commixture_n of_o element_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o its_o kind_n the_o hot_a plant_n be_v hot_a the_o cold_a be_v cold_a and_o so_o forth_o whereas_o contrariwise_o to_o have_v a_o hot_a plant_n cold_a or_o a_o cold_a hot_a to_o have_v rue_v cold_a or_o sorrel_n hot_a be_v a_o false_a and_o unequal_a commixture_n of_o element_n so_o likewise_o of_o beast_n that_o horse_n that_o dog_n that_o swine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o due_a temperament_n when_o he_o be_v of_o such_o temperature_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a unto_o his_o kind_n which_o only_o be_v best_a discern_v by_o his_o action_n or_o motion_n as_o thus_o the_o horse_n be_v know_v to_o be_v hot_a and_o m●●st_a by_o his_o lightness_n swiftness_n valiantness_n and_o long_a life_n and_o also_o to_o be_v of_o a_o temperate_a nature_n in_o that_o he_o be_v easy_o tame_v docible_a obedient_a and_o familiar_a with_o the_o man_n and_o so_o long_o as_o either_o horse_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n continue_v in_o the_o mediocrity_n and_o excellency_n of_o his_o proper_a temperament_n so_o long_o we_o may_v true_o judge_v he_o of_o a_o good_a temper_n &_o disposition_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o overflow_n of_o quality_n or_o excess_n in_o his_o humour_n as_o either_o in_o heat_n coldness_n moistness_n or_o dryness_n than_o we_o say_v he_o be_v either_o a_o hot_a choleric_a horse_n a_o cold_a dull_a horse_n a_o dry_a mischievous_a horse_n or_o a_o moist_a cowardly_a horse_n according_a to_o the_o overflow_n of_o that_o quality_n which_o reign_v in_o he_o again_o every_o horse_n be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o due_a temperament_n according_a to_o his_o age_n and_o the_o country_n wherein_o he_o be_v breed_v and_o sometime_o according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n wherein_o he_o live_v and_o thus_o a_o horse_n in_o his_o foal●-age_n which_o be_v till_o he_o be_v six_o year_n old_a be_v natural_o hot_a and_o moist_a in_o his_o middle_a age_n which_o be_v till_o twelve_o more_o hot_a and_o dry_a then_o moist_a and_o in_o his_o old_a age_n which_o be_v past_o eighteen_o more_o cold_a and_o dry_a than_o either_o hot_a or_o moist_a so_o likewise_o the_o horse_n which_o be_v breed_v in_o southern_a part_n as_o either_o in_o spain_n barbary_n or_o greece_n be_v natural_o more_o hot_a than_o those_o which_o be_v breed_v either_o in_o the_o seventeen_o land_n germany_n or_o england_n either_o be_v there_o any_o horse_n which_o be_v in_o good_a state_n of_o body_n that_o be_v so_o hot_a in_o the_o spring_n time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o so_o cold_a in_o the_o summer_n as_o in_o the_o winter_n all_o which_o observation_n be_v with_o most_o curious_a diligence_n to_o be_v observe_v of_o every_o horseleech_n when_o he_o go_v about_o to_o cure_v any_o sickness_n for_o unless_o he_o consider_v their_o nature_n &_o temperature_n and_o every_o other_o circumstance_n already_o declare_v he_o shall_v right_v soon_o be_v deceive_v in_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o physic_n therefore_o i_o earnest_o advise_v every_o farrier_n before_o he_o give_v any_o drench_n or_o potion_n first_o to_o inquire_v the_o kind_n race_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o horse_n next_o his_o age_n than_o the_o country_n and_o last_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o truth_n thereof_o to_o mix_v his_o receipt_n it_o be_v most_o expedient_a also_o for_o every_o horseleech_n to_o consider_v the_o second_o quality_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o first_o quality_n already_o declare_v of_o which_o second_o quality_n some_o be_v call_v palpable_a or_o to_o be_v touch_v as_o these_o softness_n hardness_n smoothness_n roughness_n toughness_n brickelnesse_n lightness_n heaviness_n thinness_n thickness_n smallness_n grossness_n and_o such_o other_o like_a some_o again_o be_v not_o palpable_a as_o those_o which_o appertain_v to_o hear_v see_v and_o smell_v as_o noyss_n colour_n odour_n and_o such_o like_a and_o by_o observe_v well_o these_o second_o quality_n he_o shall_v with_o much_o ease_n know_v whether_o the_o horse_n be_v dispose_v to_o any_o sickness_n or_o not_o as_o shall_v be_v more_o large_o declare_v hereafter_o in_o every_o particular_a chapter_n chap._n 4._o of_o humour_n and_o to_o what_o end_n they_o serve_v now_o concern_v humour_n which_o be_v the_o three_o composer_n of_o a_o horse_n body_n and_o so_o likewise_o of_o every_o other_o beast_n also_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o they_o be_v four_o in_o number_n that_o be_v to_o say_v blood_n fleame_z choler_n and_o melancholy_n as_o touch_v blood_n it_o be_v in_o it_o own_o nature_n uncorrupted_a and_o therefore_o hot_a and_o moist_a and_o sweet_a in_o taste_n as_o participate_v of_o the_o element_n fire_n and_o aire_n fleame_z be_v cold_a and_o moist_a and_o either_o sweet_a or_o wallowish_a without_o any_o taste_n at_o all_o as_o participate_v of_o the_o element_n water_n and_o air_n choler_n be_v hot_a and_o dry_a and_o bitter_a in_o taste_n as_o participate_v of_o the_o element_n fire_n and_o earth_n melancholy_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a and_o in_o taste_n ●ower_n and_o heavy_a as_o participate_v of_o the_o element_n water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o these_o four_o humour_n by_o their_o quality_n be_v every_o way_n ally_v unto_o the_o element_n for_o to_o speak_v brief_o and_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o physician_n blood_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n it_o be_v most_o predominant_a therein_o fleame_z of_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n choler_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o melancholy_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o albeit_o these_o humour_n be_v simbolize_v or_o mix_v through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n yet_o every_o one_o of_o they_o abound_v more_o in_o one_o part_n then_o in_o another_o and_o have_v their_o place_n of_o residence_n absolute_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o as_o blood_n about_o the_o heart_n fleame_z in_o the_o brain_n choler_n in_o the_o liver_n and_o melancholy_a in_o the_o spleen_n now_o as_o these_o humour_n do_v more_o or_o less_o abound_v or_o have_v great_a or_o lesser_a sovereignty_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o horse_n so_o be_v the_o beast_n natural_o better_a or_o worse_o colour_v qualify_v or_o

or_o pillar_n which_o do_v uphold_v this_o natural_a body_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v they_o be_v not_o only_o belong_v but_o even_o derive_v from_o the_o three_o power_n immediate_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n as_o thus_o the_o action_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o power_n animal_n be_v to_o discern_v to_o move_v and_o to_o feel_v horse_n discern_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o virtue_n imaginative_a discoursative_a and_o memorative_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v place_v in_o the_o forehead_n the_o second_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o three_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n all_o which_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o power_n animal_n horse_n move_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o virtue_n motive_n who_o action_n &_o operation_n be_v to_o strain_n or_o let_v slack_v the_o sinew_n whereby_o every_o member_n have_v his_o move_n and_o horse_n feel_v be_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o virtue_n sensitive_a who_o action_n or_o operation_n be_v busy_v in_o the_o five_o sense_n as_o to_o see_v hear_v smell_v taste_n and_o touch_v and_o all_o these_o action_n spring_v from_o the_o power_n animal_n the_o action_n or_o operation_n of_o the_o power_n vital_a be_v to_o restrain_v and_o loosen_v the_o heart_n and_o the_o artery_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o heart_n which_o action_n whether_o it_o be_v hurt_v or_o disturb_v in_o a_o horse_n body_n be_v easy_o know_v of_o every_o good_a farrier_n or_o horse_n martial_n by_o the_o unequal_a beat_n of_o his_o pulse_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o artery_n which_o come_v down_o from_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o inside_n of_o both_o his_o fore_a leg_n a_o little_a below_o the_o knuckle_n of_o his_o shoulder_n and_o likewise_o cross_v both_o the_o temple_n of_o his_o head_n a_o little_a high_o than_o his_o eye_n and_o if_o any_o man_n be_v so_o simple_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o horse_n skin_n shall_v be_v any_o impediment_n to_o the_o feel_n of_o this_o motion_n let_v he_o remember_v that_o as_o a_o horse_n skin_n be_v thick_a than_o a_o man_n so_o also_o be_v his_o artery_n great_a and_o beat_v with_o more_o violence_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o be_v feel_v without_o any_o great_a difficulty_n the_o action_n or_o operation_n of_o the_o power_n natural_a be_v to_o engender_v to_o increase_v to_o nourish_v to_o desire_v with_o appetite_n to_o attract_v to_o change_v to_o digest_v to_o retain_v and_o to_o expel_v and_o many_o other_o of_o like_a kind_n these_o action_n therefore_o be_v careful_o to_o be_v look_v unto_o by_o every_o farrier_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v by_o they_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o a_o horse_n body_n but_o also_o what_o particular_a member_n thereof_o be_v evil_o affect_v as_o thus_o if_o either_o in_o your_o horse_n you_o find_v much_o forgetfulness_n unnimblenesse_n of_o his_o limb_n or_o dulness_n upon_o correction_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o sickness_n in_o the_o brain_n and_o that_o the_o power_n animal_n be_v evillaffected_a if_o you_o find_v that_o his_o pulse_n do_v beat_v extraordinary_o flow_v or_o much_o to_o fast_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o his_o heart_n be_v grieve_v and_o his_o power_n vital_a evil_n affect_v but_o if_o you_o find_v that_o he_o do_v consume_v pine_v away_o &_o lose_v his_o stomach_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o his_o liver_n be_v perplex_v all_o his_o inward_a part_n out_o of_o frame_n and_o his_o power_n natural_a evil_n affect_v now_o you_o shall_v again_o understand_v that_o of_o action_n some_o be_v voluntary_a some_o not_o voluntary_a the_o voluntary_a action_n be_v those_o which_o a_o horse_n may_v either_o further_o or_o hinder_v stay_v or_o let_v when_o themselves_o please_v as_o the_o move_n of_o the_o leg_n for_o they_o may_v go_v stand_v or_o lie_v down_o at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n the_o action_n not_o voluntary_a be_v those_o which_o depend_v not_o upon_o the_o will_n of_o any_o beast_n but_o be_v do_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o natural_o as_o the_o move_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o artery_n and_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o first_o whereof_o beat_v sleep_v and_o wake_v and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o course_n every_o minute_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o action_n and_o operation_n chap._n 8._o of_o spirit_n and_o in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o horse_n body_n they_o remain_v have_v which_o be_v the_o seven_o natural_a builder_n of_o this_o natural_a work_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v that_o fine_a pure_a clear_a and_o airy_a substance_n which_o be_v engender_v of_o the_o fine_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n whereby_o the_o virtue_n of_o every_o principal_a member_n may_v visit_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n make_v they_o to_o do_v their_o duty_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o nature_n now_o of_o spirit_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o physician_n there_o be_v but_o two_o kind_n that_o be_v the_o spirit_n animal_n and_o the_o spirit_n vital_a the_o spirit_n animal_n be_v that_o which_o give_v power_n of_o feeling_n and_o move_v to_o a_o horse_n and_o have_v his_o rest_a place_n in_o the_o brain_n from_o whence_o through_o the_o sinew_n it_o be_v disperse_v into_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o as_o it_o be_v engender_v of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v more_o vehement_o wrought_v and_o labour_v and_o partly_o of_o continual_a breathe_n even_o so_o it_o be_v partly_o preserve_v by_o the_o chaule_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o do_v hourly_o water_n and_o nourish_v it_o the_o spirit_n vital_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o heart_n from_o whence_o it_o flow_v into_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o all_o natural_a heat_n and_o it_o be_v preserve_v and_o nourish_v both_o by_o breathe_v and_o blood_n to_o these_o two_o spirit_n there_o be_v some_o farrier_n both_o italian_n and_o french_a which_o add_v a_o three_o spirit_n and_o call_v it_o the_o spirit_n natural_a say_v it_o have_v its_o residence_n in_o the_o liver_n &_o the_o vein_n but_o the_o two_o former_a be_v of_o such_o power_n and_o have_v such_o superiority_n that_o the_o body_n can_v live_v without_o they_o nor_o have_v any_o be_v at_o all_o wherefore_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o farrier_n continual_o in_o all_o his_o medicine_n to_o have_v ever_o some_o comfortable_a simple_a which_o may_v maintain_v and_o keep_v these_o spirit_n in_o their_o full_a strength_n livelihood_n and_o virtue_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v spirit_n &_o those_o seven_o natural_a thing_n which_o compact_v a_o natural_a body_n chap._n 9_o of_o the_o six_o thing_n not_o natural_a how_o they_o profit_v and_o how_o they_o hurt_v have_v speak_v of_o the_o natural_a thing_n whereof_o a_o horse_n body_n be_v compound_v it_o be_v needful_a now_o that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o other_o six_o which_o be_v not_o natural_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o farrier_n and_o no_o further_o for_o with_o other_o matter_n we_o have_v not_o to_o do_v the_o first_o thing_n then_o which_o be_v not_o natural_a yet_o preserve_v a_o horse_n body_n in_o good_a state_n be_v the_o air_n which_o be_v pure_a sharp_a clear_a and_o pierce_a give_v great_a life_n and_o nourishment_n to_o a_o horse_n but_o be_v contrary_a that_o be_v gross_a thick_a and_o full_a of_o putrefaction_n it_o can_v choose_v but_o alter_v the_o good_a habit_n of_o his_o body_n and_o breed_v in_o he_o many_o infirmity_n therefore_o every_o farrier_n shall_v have_v great_a respect_n to_o the_o air_n wherein_o a_o horse_n either_o live_v or_o be_v breed_v in_o as_o if_o a_o horse_n that_o be_v breed_v in_o a_o hot_a air_n come_v to_o live_v in_o a_o cold_a and_o through_o that_o exchange_n grow_v sick_a the_o farrier_n shall_v by_o warm_a diet_n close_a house_n and_o moderate_a clothing_n bring_v his_o nature_n to_o a_o strong_a acquaintance_n also_o when_o a_o horse_n exceed_v in_o any_o of_o the_o four_o quality_n that_o be_v in_o heat_n moistness_n coldness_n or_o dryness_n it_o be_v best_o for_o he_o to_o live_v in_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o quality_n wherein_o he_o exceed_v last_o in_o many_o disease_n the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n be_v most_o wholesome_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v at_o large_a in_o the_o particular_a disease_n for_o the_o meat_n and_o drink_v of_o a_o horse_n which_o be_v the_o second_o thing_n not_o natural_a in_o a_o horse_n composition_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o while_o it_o be_v sweet_a clean_o &_o good_a as_o bread_n well_o make_v and_o bake_v dry_a oat_n dry_a bean_n dry_a pease_n sweet_a hay_n sweet_a straw_n or_o short_a grass_n so_o long_o it_o nourish_v and_o preserve_v the_o horse_n body_n

markham_n masterpiece_n or_o what_o do_v a_o horseman_n lack_fw-mi contain_v all_o possible_a knowledge_n whatsoever_o which_o do_v belong_v to_o any_o smith_n farrier_n or_o horseleech_n touch_v the_o cure_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o disease_n or_o sorrance_n in_o horse_n draw_v with_o great_a pain_n and_o most_o approve_a experience_n from_o the_o public_a practice_n of_o all_o the_o foreign_a horse-marshal_n of_o christendom_n and_o from_o the_o private_a practice_n of_o all_o the_o best_a farrier_n of_o of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o book_n the_o first_o contain_v all_o cure_n physical_a the_o second_o whatsoever_o belong_v to_o chirurgerie_n with_o a_o addition_n of_o 130_o most_o principal_a chapter_n and_o 340_o most_o excellent_a medicine_n receipt_n and_o secret_n worthy_a every_o man_n knowledge_n never_o write_v of_o nor_o mention_v in_o any_o author_n before_o whatsoever_o together_o with_o the_o true_a nature_n use_n and_o quality_n of_o every_o simple_a speak_v of_o through_o the_o whole_a work_n read_v i_o practise_v i_o and_o admire_v i_o write_a by_o gervase_n markham_n gentleman_n pro._n 12._o ver_fw-la 10._o a_o just_a man_n have_v pity_n on_o his_o beast_n but_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o wicked_a be_v cruel_a london_n print_v by_o nicholas_n okes_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o arthur_n johnson_n dwell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o white_a horse_n near_o to_o the_o great_a north_n door_n of_o s._n paul_n church_n 1610._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a and_o his_o singular_a good_a lord_n the_o lord_n clyfton_n baron_n of_o layton_n if_o the_o tribute_n of_o poor_a man_n labour_n right_o honourable_a and_o my_o most_o best_a lord_n be_v the_o al-witness_n of_o our_o most_o serviceable_a love_n then_o i_o hope_v i_o which_o come_v to_o kiss_v your_o hand_n will_v protest_v and_o vow_v for_o i_o that_o my_o zeal_n and_o duty_n towards_o you_o and_o your_o house_n have_v no_o date_n but_o in_o my_o last_o breath_n and_o all_o be_v this_o work_n which_o have_v be_v my_o many_o year_n experience_n for_o the_o rude_a and_o deform_a collection_n may_v seem_v too_o humble_a for_o your_o support_n yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o i_o know_v both_o your_o own_o excellent_a and_o well_o approve_a knowledge_n in_o the_o same_o art_n and_o so_o best_a able_a to_o judge_v either_o of_o my_o worth_n or_o vanity_n and_o your_o most_o noble_a affection_n to_o man_n of_o any_o virtue_n i_o dare_v with_o better_a boldness_n present_v you_o with_o this_o my_o last_o sacrifice_n of_o writing_n beseech_v you_o in_o it_o to_o behold_v not_o only_a how_o my_o time_n be_v employ_v but_o how_o infinite_a my_o longing_n be_v to_o be_v number_v only_o your_o creature_n your_o honour_n in_o all_o humble_a duty_n to_o command_v gervase_n markham_n the_o first_o book_n contain_v all_o cure_n physical_a or_o such_o infirmity_n as_o be_v inward_a crave_v the_o administration_n of_o physic_n and_o be_v call_v in_o horse-leach-craft_n horse_n sickness_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o natural_a composition_n of_o horse_n body_n many_o yea_o even_o of_o those_o which_o be_v near_a to_o my_o study_n will_v not_o only_o wonder_v but_o in_o part_n condemn_v i_o for_o this_o work_n when_o they_o shall_v but_o read_v the_o title_n without_o any_o excuse_n imagine_v that_o i_o have_v in_o my_o last_o book_n do_v my_o uttermost_a endeavour_n and_o spend_v my_o best_a skill_n in_o this_o subject_n that_o sure_o this_o reiteration_n can_v be_v nothing_o but_o either_o mere_a tautology_n or_o some_o surfaite_n of_o ostentation_n but_o how_o much_o i_o hate_v the_o one_o &_o condemn_v the_o other_o both_o myself_o and_o those_o with_o who_o i_o hold_v any_o comercement_n can_v just_o and_o true_o witness_v ●or_a believe_v it_o i_o never_o stand_v affect_v either_o to_o absalon_n pillar_n or_o to_o the_o music_n of_o my_o own_o word_n truth_n it_o be_v that_o at_o the_o publish_n of_o my_o last_o book_n i_o intend_v to_o have_v insert_v this_o in_o the_o same_o form_n and_o method_n as_o now_o it_o be_v but_o the_o over_o hasty_a greediness_n of_o a_o self-hurting_a stationer_n and_o the_o confusion_n of_o many_o printer_n one_o poor_a book_n be_v mangle_v into_o diverse_a hand_n do_v both_o so_o confound_v and_o defeat_v all_o my_o better_a purpose_n that_o i_o be_v compel_v to_o give_v way_n to_o their_o will_n and_o to_o suffer_v it_o to_o come_v forth_o with_o that_o misshape_a and_o distract_v face_n which_o now_o it_o bear_v every_o page_n be_v load_v with_o the_o printer_n fault_n and_o no_o way_n to_o save_v their_o reputation_n but_o by_o most_o wilful_a neglect_v to_o fix_v to_o any_o errata_fw-la well_o for_o every_o part_n of_o that_o book_n except_v that_o of_o cure_n the_o printer_n fault_n excuss_v i_o dare_v bold_o defend_v it_o against_o either_o envy_n censure_n or_o any_o preiudication_n and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o perfection_n or_o most_o perfect_a for_o those_o fruit_n grow_v not_o on_o my_o tree_n yet_o it_o be_v such_o and_o so_o sound_a as_o shall_v give_v a_o full_a satisfaction_n to_o every_o indifferent_a and_o upright_o judgement_n as_o for_o that_o part_n the_o book_n of_o cure_n i_o mean_v which_o myself_o must_v needs_o confess_v give_v not_o that_o ample_a satisfaction_n which_o i_o intend_v i_o have_v in_o amends_o thereof_o compile_v this_o volume_n with_o such_o earnest_a care_n practice_n and_o diligence_n that_o i_o dare_v engage_v even_o my_o best_a fortune_n that_o simplicity_n and_o ignorance_n itself_o i_o mean_v such_o as_o never_o intermedle_v with_o this_o art_n in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o their_o life_n shall_v not_o only_o with_o good_a judgement_n perform_v as_o great_a and_o as_o invincible_a cure_n as_o the_o best_a smith-farriers_a of_o this_o kingdom_n but_o also_o shall_v give_v such_o substantial_a reason_n and_o uncontrollable_a account_n for_o whatsoever_o they_o do_v which_o yet_o never_o smith_n that_o i_o know_v be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o not_o the_o best_a artist_n shall_v be_v able_a with_o undoubted_a truth_n to_o refute_v they_o and_o with_o this_o protestation_n and_o full_a assurance_n to_o every_o well_o practise_v reader_n of_o this_o work_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o my_o purpose_n according_a to_o every_o branch_n and_o head_n in_o the_o title_n it_o be_v most_o necessary_a then_o for_o every_o man_n who_o shall_v endeavour_n himself_o to_o have_v knowledge_n in_o this_o art_n first_o to_o learn_v whereof_o and_o how_o a_o horse_n body_n be_v compound_v that_o according_a to_o the_o natural_a composition_n thereof_o and_o the_o unnatural_a work_n in_o those_o composition_n he_o may_v compound_v his_o medicine_n and_o make_v they_o agreeable_a with_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o infirmity_n and_o not_o as_o our_o farrier_n do_v many_o time_n use_v one_o medicine_n for_o all_o inward_a disease_n and_o one_o salve_n for_o all_o sore_n touch_v therefore_o the_o true_a composition_n of_o a_o horse_n body_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o it_o be_v as_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v compound_v of_o thirteen_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v seven_o natural_a and_o six_o not_o natural_a the_o seven_o natural_a be_v element_n temperament_n humour_n member_n power_n or_o virtue_n action_n or_o operation_n and_o spirit_n all_o which_o be_v call_v natural_a because_o the_o natural_a profession_n and_o excellency_n of_o every_o sensible_a body_n do_v whole_o depend_v upon_o they_o and_o have_v his_o move_n no_o long_o than_o they_o have_v power_n of_o work_v the_o six_o which_o be_v not_o natural_a be_v the_o air_n meat_n and_o drink_v motion_n and_o rest_n sleep_v and_o watch_n emptiness_n and_o fullness_n and_o the_o affect_v or_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o these_o be_v call_v not_o natural_a because_o as_o be_v right_o and_o in_o due_a order_n apply_v they_o preserve_v sustain_v and_o fortify_v the_o body_n so_o be_v misgovern_a or_o use_v in_o any_o excess_n or_o disorder_n they_o be_v the_o only_a corrupt_a destroyer_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o of_o these_o thirteen_o simple_n which_o compound_v the_o fabric_n or_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o body_n i_o intend_v to_o speak_v several_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o four_o element_n their_o virtue_n and_o operation_n first_o for_o the_o exposition_n of_o this_o word_n element_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o it_o be_v the_o primere_fw-la or_o first_o beginning_n of_o thing_n be_v of_o itself_o pure_a uncorrupt_a and_o simple_a all_o thing_n be_v first_o make_v thereof_o and_o all_o thing_n at_o the_o last_o be_v resolve_v into_o the_o same_o again_o it_o be_v also_o in_o it_o own_o nature_n so_o bright_a clear_a and_o without_o contraction_n or_o impurity_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v discern_v by_o any_o sensible_a eye_n whatsoever_o last_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n or_o atomie_n of_o