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nature_n adam_n law_n positive_a 2,764 5 11.6503 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A86417 Philosophicall rudiments concerning government and society. Or, A dissertation concerning man in his severall habitudes and respects, as the member of a society, first secular, and then sacred. Containing the elements of civill politie in the agreement which it hath both with naturall and divine lawes. In which is demonstrated, both what the origine of justice is, and wherein the essence of Christian religion doth consist. Together with the nature, limits, and qualifications both of regiment and subjection. / By Tho: Hobbes.; De cive. English Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.; Vaughan, Robert, engraver. 1651 (1651) Wing H2253; Thomason E1262_1; ESTC R202404 220,568 406

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whether_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n or_o not_o when_o he_o have_v freedom_n to_o forbear_v it_o be_v a_o contempt_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o 28._o art_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o sin_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n vain_a therefore_o be_v that_o same_o distinction_n of_o obedience_n into_o active_a and_o passive_a as_o if_o that_o can_v be_v expiate_v by_o penalty_n constitute_v by_o humane_a decree_n which_o be_v a_o sin_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o as_o ●…though_o they_o sin_v not_o who_o sin_n at_o their_o own_o peril_n integer_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la sce●erisque_fw-la purl_n non_fw-la eget_fw-la maurus_fw-la jaculis_fw-la nec_fw-la are●_n nec_fw-la venenatis_fw-la gravida_fw-la sagittis_fw-la fusce_fw-la pharetra_fw-la sive_fw-la per_fw-la syrtes_n iter_fw-la aestuosas_fw-la sive_fw-la facturus_fw-la per_fw-la inhospital●…_n caucasum_fw-la vel_fw-la quae_fw-la loca_fw-la fabulosus_fw-la lambit_fw-la 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by_o the_o law_n subject_n must_v have_v right_o restore_v to_o they_o against_o corrupt_a judge_n how_o law_n differ_v from_o counsel_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o covenant_n annotation_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o right_n the_o division_n of_o law_n into_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o of_o the_o divine_a into_o natural_a and_o positive_a and_o of_o the_o natural_a into_o those_o law_n of_o single_a man_n and_o those_o of_o nation_n the_o division_n of_o humane_a that_o be_v to_o say_v civil_a law_n into_o secular_a and_o sacred_a into_o distributive_a and_o vindicative_a distributive_a and_o vindicative_a be_v not_o two_o species_n of_o the_o law_n all_o law_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o penalty_n annex_v to_o it_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n of_o honour_v parent_n of_o murder_n adultcry_n these_o false_a witness_n be_v the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o command_v aught_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n contrary_a to_o o●e_v law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o law_n that_o both_o it_o and_o the_o legislator_n be_v know_v whence_o the_o legislator_n be_v know_v promulgation_n and_o interpretation_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o law_n the_o civil_a law_n divide_v into_o write_v and_o unwritten_a that_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v not_o write_v law_n neither_o be_v the_o sentence_n of_o lawyer_n or_o custom_n law_n of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n what_o the_o word_n sin_n take_v in_o its_o large_a sense_n signify_v the_o definition_n of_o sin_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o sin_n of_o infirmity_n and_o malice_n under_o what_o kind_n of_o sin_n atheism_n be_v contain_v annotation_n what_o the_o sin_n of_o treason_n be_v treason_n break_v not_o the_o civil_a but_o the_o natural_a law_n and_o therefore_o be_v punish_v not_o by_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n but_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n obedience_n not_o right_o distinguish_v into_o active_a and_o passive_a the_o proposition_n of_o the_o follow_a content_n over_o who_o god_n be_v say_v to_o reign_v the_o word_n of_o god_n three_o fold_n reason_n revelation_n prophecy_n the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n twofold_n natural_a and_o prophetic_a the_o rigbt_n whereby_o god_n govern_v be_v seat_v in_o his_o omn_fw-la p●te●●e_n the_o same_o prove_v from_o scripture_n the_o obligation_n of_o yield_a obedience_n unto_o god_n proceed_v from_o humane_a infirmity_n annotation_n the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o his_o natural_a kingdom_n be_v those_o which_o be_v above_o set_v down_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n what_o honour_n and_o worship_n be_v worship_n consist_v either_o in_o attribute_n or_o in_o action_n and_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n natural_a and_o another_o arbitrary_a one_o command_v another_o voluntary_a 〈…〉_z what_o the_o end_n or_o aim_v of_o worship_n i●_n what_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v concern_v god_n attribute_n 〈◊〉_d what_o those_o action_n be_v whereby_o natural_o we_o do_v give_v worship_n in_o the_o natural_a kingdom_n of_o god_n the_o city_n may_v appoint_v what_o worship_n it_o please_v god_n rule_v by_o nature_n only_o the_o city_n that_o be_v say_v that_o man_n or_o court_n which_o under_o god_n have_v the_o sovereignty_n be_v the_o interpreter_n of_o all_o the_o law_n certain_a doubt_n remove_v annotation_n what_o be_v sin_n in_o the_o natural_a kingdom_n of_o god_n and_o what_o treason_n against_o the_o divine_a majesty_n superstition_n possess_v foreign_a nation_n god_n institute_v the_o true_a religion_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o abraham_n by_o th●_n covenant_n between_o god_n and_o adam_n all_o dispute_n be_v forbid_v concern_v the_o command_n of_o superior_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o covenant_n between_o god_n and_o abraham_n in_o that_o covenant_n be_v contain_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o god_n not_o simple_o but_o of_o he_o who_o appear_v unto_o abraham_n the_o law_n to_o which_o abraham_n be_v tie_v be_v no_o other_o but_o those_o of_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o circumcision_n abraham_n among_o his_o own_o be_v the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o of_o all_o law_n abraham_n subject_n can_v not_o sin_n in_o obey_v he_o annotation_n god_n covenant_n with_o the_o hebrew_n at_o mount_n sinai_n from_o thence_o god_n government_n be_v call_v a_o kingdom_n what_o law_n be_v by_o god_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n what_o the_o word_n of_o god_n be_v and_o how_o to_o be_v know_v what_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n among_o the_o jew_n the_o power_n of_o interpret_n the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o ●he_v supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v unite_v in_o moses_n while_o he_o live_v they_o be_v also_o unite_v in_o the_o high_a priest_n during_o the_o life_n of_o joshuah_n they_o be_v also_o unite_v in_o the_o high_a priest_n until_o king_n saul_n time_n they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o king_n until_o the_o captivity_n the_o same_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o priest_n after_o the_o captivity_n among_o the_o jew_n the_o denial_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n and_o idolatry_n be_v the_o only_a treason_n against_o the_o divine_a majesty_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n they_o ought_v to_o obey_v their_o prince_n the_o prophecy_n of_o christ_n dignity_n the_o prophecy_n of_o christ_n humility_n and_o passion_n that_o jesus_n be_v the_o christ_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n by_o the_o new_a covenant_n be_v not_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n as_o christ_n but_o as_o god_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d covenant_n be_v heavenly_a and_o begin_v from_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n the_o government_n of_o christ_n in_o this_o world_n be_v not_o a_o sovereignty_n but_o counsel_n or_o a_o government_n by_o way_n of_o doctrine_n and_o persuasion_n what_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o new_a covenant_n be_v on_o both_o part_n there_o be_v no_o law_n add_v by_o christ_n beside_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o sacrament_n that_o these_o and_o the_o like_a form_n repent_v be_v baptize_v keep_v the_o commandment_n be_v not_o law_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a authority_n to_o define_v what_o the_o sin_n of_o injustice_n be_v it_o belong_v to_o civil_a authority_n to_o define_v what_o conduce_v to_o the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o city_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a authority_n to_o judge_v when_o need_n require_v what_o definition_n and_o what_o inference_n be_v true_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o christ_n to_o teach_v morality_n not_o as_o a_o speculation_n but_o as_o a_o law_n to_o forgive_v sin_n and_o to_o teach_v all_o thing_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o science_n proper_o so_o call_v a_o distinction_n of_o thing_n temporal_a from_o spiritual_a the_o word_n of_o god_n many_o way_n take_v all_o thing_n contain_v in_o scripture_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o canon_n of_o christian_n faith_n the_o word_n of_o a_o lawful_a interpreter_n of_o scripture_n be_v the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o authority_n of_o interpret_n scripture_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o determine_v controversy_n of_o faith_n divers_a signification_n of_o a_o church_n what_o a_o church_n be_v to_o who_o we_o attribute_v right_n action_n and_o the_o like_a appellation_n proper_a to_o a_o person_n a_o christ●…_n city_n be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o christian_a church_n many_o city_n do●_n not_o constitute_v one_o church_n who_o be_v clergyman_n the_o election_n of_o churchman_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n their_o consecration_n to_o the_o pastor_n the_o power_n of_o remit_v sin_n to_o the_o penitent_a and_o retain_v those_o of_o the_o impenitent_a belong_v to_o the_o pastor_n but_o judgement_n of_o the_o repentance_n to_o the_o church_n what_o excommunication_n be_v and_o on_o who_o it_o can_v pass_v the_o interpretation_n of_o scripture_n depend_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o city_n a_o christian_n city_n must_v interpret_v scripture_n by_o clergyman_n the_o difficulty_n propound_v concern_v the_o repugnaney_n of_o obey_v god_n and_o man_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v by_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o point_n necessary_a and_o not_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n be_v contain_v in_o faith_n and_o obedience_n what_o kind_n of_o obedience_n that_o be_v which_o be_v require_v of_o we_o what_o faith_n be_v and_o how_o distinguish_v from_o profession_n from_o science_n and_o from_o opinion_n what_o it_o be_v to_o believe_v in_o christ_n that_o that_o article_n alone_o that_o jesus_n be_v the_o christ_n be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n be_v prove_v out_o of_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o evangelist_n annotation_n by_o the_o apostle_n sermon_n by_o the_o easiness_n of_o christian_n religion_n by_o this_o that_o it_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o faith_n by_o the_o plai●_n word_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n in_o this_o article_n be_v contain_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n how_o faith_n and_o obedience_n do_v con●ur_n to_o salvation_n in_o a_o christian_a city_n there_o be_v no_o contrariety_n be_v ween_v the_o command_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o city_n the_o doctrine_n which_o this_o day_n be_v controvert_v about_o religion_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n
subject_a to_o another_o that_o other_o shall_v not_o only_o be_v lord_n of_o he_o but_o also_o of_o his_o servant_n supreme_a lord_n over_o these_o immediate_a lord_n over_o he_o now_o because_o not_o the_o servant_n only_o but_o also_o all_o he_o have_v be_v his_o lord_n therefore_o his_o servant_n now_o belong_v to_o this_o man_n neither_o can_v the_o mediate_v lord_n dispose_v otherwise_o of_o they_o then_o shall_v seem_v good_a to_o the_o supreme_a and_o therefore_o if_o sometime_o in_o civil_a government_n the_o lord_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o his_o servant_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o constitute_v but_o slight_o pass_v over_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n ix_o a_o servant_n be_v by_o the_o same_o manner_n free_v free_v from_o his_o servitude_n that_o a_o subject_a in_o a_o institutive_a government_n be_v free_v from_o his_o subjection_n first_o if_o his_o lord_n enfranchize_v he_o for_o the_o right_n which_o the_o servant_n transfer_v to_o his_o lord_n over_o himself_o the_o same_o may_v the_o lord_n restore_v to_o the_o servant_n again_o and_o this_o manner_n of_o bestow_v of_o liberty_n be_v call_v manumission_n which_o be_v just_a as_o if_o a_o city_n shall_v permit_v a_o citizen_n to_o convey_v himself_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o some_o other_o city_n second_o if_o the_o lord_n cast_v off_o his_o servant_n from_o he_o which_o in_o a_o city_n be_v banishment_n neither_o differ_v it_o from_o manumission_n in_o effect_n but_o in_o manner_n only_o for_o there_o liberty_n be_v grant_v as_o a_o favour_n here_o as_o a_o punishment_n in_o both_o the_o dominion_n be_v renounce_v three_o if_o the_o servant_n be_v take_v prisoner_n the_o old_a servitude_n be_v abolish_v by_o the_o new_a for_o as_o all_o other_o thing_n so_o servant_n also_o be_v acquire_v by_o war_n who_o in_o equity_n the_o lord_n must_v protect_v if_o he_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v he_o four_o the_o servant_n be_v free_v for_o want_n of_o knowledge_n of_o a_o successor_n the_o lord_n die_v suppose_v without_o any_o testament_n or_o heir_n for_o no_o man_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v oblige_v unless_o ●e_v know_v to_o who_o he_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o obligation_n last_o she_o servant_n that_o be_v put_v in_o bond_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v deprive_v of_o his_o corporal_a liberty_n be_v free_v from_o that_o other_o obligation_n of_o contract_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o contract_n where_o there_o be_v no_o trust_n nor_o can_v that_o faith_n be_v break_v which_o be_v not_o give_v but_o the_o lord_n who_o himself_o serve_v another_o can_v so_o free_v his_o servant_n but_o that_o they_o must_v still_o continue_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o supreme_a for_o as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o such_o servant_n be_v not_o he_o but_o the_o supreme_a lord_n x._o we_o get_v a_o right_n over_o irrational_a creature_n nature_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o do_v over_o the_o person_n of_o man_n to_o wit_n by_o force_n and_o natural_a strength_n for_o if_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o war_n which_o be_v of_o all_o against_o all_o to_o subdue_v and_o also_o to_o kill_v man_n as_o oft_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o conduce_v unto_o their_o good_a much_o more_o will_v the_o same_o be_v lawful_a against_o ●rutes_n namely_o at_o their_o own_o discretion_n to_o reduce_v those_o to_o servitude_n which_o by_o a●t_n may_v be_v tame_v and_o ●●tted_v for_o use_n and_o to_o persecute_v and_o destroy_v the_o rest_n by_o a_o perpetual_a war_n as_o dangerous_a and_o noxious_a our_o dominion_n therefore_o over_o beast_n have_v its_o original_n from_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n not_o from_o divine_a positive_a right_n for_o if_o such_o a_o right_o have_v not_o be_v before_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n no_o man_n by_o right_n may_v have_v kill_v a_o beast_n for_o his_o food_n but_o he_o to_o who_o the_o divine_a pleasure_n be_v make_v manifest_a by_o holy_a writ_n a_o most_o hard_a condition_n for_o man_n indeed_o who_o the_o beast_n may_v devour_v without_o injury_n and_o yet_o they_o may_v not_o destroy_v they_o forasmuch_o therefore_o as_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n that_o a_o beast_n may_v kill_v a_o man_n it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o a_o man_n may_v slay_v a_o beast_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n and_o of_o hereditary_a government_n i._o paternal_a dominion_n arise_v not_o from_o generation_n ii_o dominion_n over_o infant_n belong_v to_o he_o or_o she_o who_o first_o have_v they_o in_o their_o power_n iii_o dominion_n over_o infant_n be_v original_o the_o mother_n iv._o the_o expose_v infant_n be_v he_o from_o who_o he_o receive_v his_o preservation_n v._o the_o child_n that_o have_v one_o parent_n a_o subject_a and_o the_o other_o a_o sovereign_n belong_v to_o he_o or_o she_o in_o authority_n vi_o in_o such_o a_o conjunction_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n as_o neither_o have_v command_n over_o the_o other_o the_o child_n be_v the_o mother_n unless_o by_o compact_n or_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v otherwise_o determine_v vii_o child_n be_v no_o less_o subject_a to_o their_o parent_n than_o servant_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o subject_n to_o their_o prince_n viii_o of_o the_o honour_n of_o parent_n and_o lord_n ix_o wherein_o liberty_n consist_v and_o the_o difference_n of_o subject_n and_o servant_n x._o there_o be_v the_o same_o right_n over_o subject_n in_o a_o hereditary_a government_n which_o there_o be_v a_o institutive_a government_n xi_o the_o question_n concern_v the_o right_a of_o succession_n belong_v only_o to_o monarchy_n xii_o a_o monarch_n may_v by_o his_o will_n and_o testament_n dispose_v of_o his_o supreme_a authority_n xiii_o or_o give_v it_o or_o sell_v it_o fourteen_o a_o monarch_n die_v without_o testament_n be_v ●ver_o suppose_a to_o will_n that_o a_o monarch_n shall_v succeed_v he_o xv._n and_o some_o one_o of_o his_o child_n xvi_o and_o a_o male_a rather_o then_o female_a xvii_o and_o the_o elder_a rather_o than_o the_o young_a xviii_o and_o his_o brother_n if_o he_o want_v issue_n before_o all_o other_o xix_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o man_n succeed_v to_o the_o power_n do_v they_o also_o succeed_v to_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n i._o socrate●_n be_v a_o man_n and_o therefore_o a_o live_a generation_n creature_n be_v a_o right_a season_n and_o that_o most_o evident_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o needful_a to_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o consequence_n but_o that_o the_o word_n man_n be_v understod_a because_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v in_o the_o definition_n itself_o of_o a_o man_n and_o every_o one_o make_v up_o the_o proportion_n which_o be_v desire_v namely_o this_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n and_o this_o sop●roniscus_n be_v socrates_n his_o father_n and_o therefore_o his_o lord_n be_v perhaps_o a_o true_a inference_n but_o not_o evident_a because_o the_o word_n lord_n be_v not_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o father_n wherefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v it_o more_o evident_a that_o the_o connexion_n of_o father_n and_o lord_n be_v somewhat_o unfold_v those_o that_o have_v hitherto_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o dominion_n of_o a_o parent_n over_o his_o child_n have_v bring_v no_o other_o argument_n then_o that_o of_o generation_n as_o if_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o evident_a that_o what_o be_v beget_v by_o i_o be_v i_o just_a as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o because_o there_o be_v a_o triangle_n it_o appear_v present_o without_o any_o far_a discourse_n that_o its_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_n beside_o since_o dominion_n that_o be_v supreme_a power_n be_v indivisible_a insomuch_o as_o no_o man_n can_v serve_v two_o master_n but_o two_o person_n male_a and_o female_a must_v concur_v in_o the_o act_n of_o generation_n its_o impossible_a that_o dominion_n shall_v at_o all_o be_v acquire_v by_o generation_n only_o wherefore_o we_o will_v with_o the_o more_o diligence_n in_o this_o place_n inquire_v into_o the_o original_n of_o paternal_a government_n ii_o we_o must_v therefore_o return_v to_o the_o power_n state_n of_o nature_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o nature_n all_o man_n of_o ripe_a year_n be_v to_o be_v account_v equal_a there_o by_o right_a of_o nature_n the_o conqueror_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o conquer_a by_o the_o right_n therefore_o of_o nature_n the_o dominion_n over_o the_o in●ant_n first_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o first_o have_v he_o in_o his_o power_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v new_o bear_v be_v in_o the_o mother_n power_n before_o any_o other_o insomuch_o as_o she_o may_v right_o and_o at_o