Selected quad for the lemma: nature_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nature_n	according_a	king_n	law_n	2,478	5	5.3052	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46717	The Argument of the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench concerning the great case of monopolies, between the East-India Company, plantiff, and Thomas Sandys, defendant wherein their patent for trading to the East-Indies, exclusive of all others, is adjudged good.	Jeffreys, George Jeffreys, Baron, 1644 or 5-1689.; Sandys, Thomas.; England and Wales. Court of King's Bench.; East India Company.	1689 (1689)	Wing J526; ESTC R17792	37,073	36

have_v over_o other_o mechanic_n craft_n and_o mystery_n and_o that_o as_o mr._n attorney_n do_v well_o observe_v to_o prevent_v fraud_n deceit_n and_o other_o abuse_n either_o in_o weight_n measure_n or_o otherwise_o which_o will_v certain_o interrupt_v such_o commerce_n but_o our_o law_n go_v yet_o a_o step_v further_o and_o allow_v further_a difference_n between_o inland_a merchandise_n and_o foreign_a and_o allow_v a_o different_a way_n of_o determine_v controversy_n that_o arise_v thereupon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n allow_v the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v decide_v such_o controversy_n to_o decimo_fw-la tertio_fw-la h._n 4._o fol._n 19_o a_o complaint_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o council_n of_o some_o good_n take_v away_o from_o a_o merchant_n it_o be_v move_v in_o that_o case_n that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n say_v that_o the_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n to_o have_v his_o cause_n try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o other_o solemnity_n of_o our_o law_n but_o shall_v sue_v in_o chancery_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o universal_a law_n of_o the_o world._n and_o it_o be_v in_o that_o case_n agree_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n that_o if_o foreign_a merchandise_n be_v steal_v or_o waive_v they_o can_v not_o be_v seize_v as_o other_o england_n merchandize_n may_v be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o waif_n and_o stray_v which_o show_v plain_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o law_n between_o foreign_a merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o other_o inland_a good_n and_o commodity_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v partner_n in_o merchandize_n one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n b._n 117._o d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v no_o merchandise_n the_o one_o can_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o if_o one_o of_o the_o merchant_n die_v the_o executor_n may_v bring_v his_o account_n against_o the_o survivor_n for_o his_o moiety_n reg._n 135._o f._n n._n b._n 117._o but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o copartnership_n for_o other_o good_n it_o will_v survive_v per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n the_o defendant_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o contract_n about_o merchandise_n in_o lanes_n report_n bates_n case_n agree_v reg._n 260._o a._n at_o common_a law_n the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v excuse_v from_o toll_n but_o say_v the_o write_v dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la merchandizas_n aliquas_fw-la non_fw-la exercitat_fw-la de_fw-fr iisdem_fw-la it_o show_v that_o then_o they_o fall_v under_o another_o consideration_n if_o one_o man_n wrong_v another_o man_n of_o his_o good_n here_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n will_v lie_v but_o if_o a_o merchant_n good_n be_v take_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o must_v be_v a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n to_o obtain_v satisfaction_n the_o parliament_n roll_n 3_o ed._n 1._o m._n 19_o in_o archivis_fw-la turris_n londini_fw-la where_o the_o bailiff_n of_o southampton_n be_v command_v by_o writ_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la leodienses_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n angliae_fw-la accident_n per_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o catalla_n sua_fw-la distringantur_fw-la secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la florentinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n observe_v that_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a common_a law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v consuetudo_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o foreign_a merchandize_n and_o trader_n differ_v from_o other_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o law_n even_o by_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n itself_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v also_o make_v for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n contract_v for_o merchandize_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o action_n burnel_n the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la and_o the_o statute_n vicesimo_fw-la septimo_fw-la ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o for_o merchandize_n take_v away_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o speedy_a and_o ready_a process_n shall_v be_v against_o he_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o from_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o not_o at_o the_o common_a law._n so_o the_o statute_n for_o erect_v the_o court_n of_o insurance_n design_v for_o the_o speedy_a ease_n of_o merchant_n have_v leave_v the_o determination_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o therefore_o have_v order_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty's_n court_n always_o to_o preside_v in_o those_o commission_n by_o all_o which_o i_o think_v i_o may_v fair_o conclude_v there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n allow_v of_o between_o the_o inland_a and_o foreign_a commerce_n and_o that_o ii_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o liberty_n of_o foreign_a trade_n may_v be_v restrain_v and_o here_o i_o must_v premise_v that_o as_o at_o first_o all_o thing_n be_v promiscuous_o common_a and_o undivided_a to_o all_o so_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o this_o universal_a right_n be_v then_o instead_o of_o property_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o number_n of_o man_n increase_v and_o they_o find_v by_o experience_n the_o inconveniency_n of_o hold_v all_o thing_n in_o common_a thing_n be_v reduce_v into_o property_n by_o agreement_n and_o compact_n either_o express_v as_o by_o partition_n or_o imply_v by_o premier_n occupancy_n after_o this_o government_n be_v establish_v and_o law_n be_v make_v even_o for_o the_o order_n those_o thing_n to_o which_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n as_o for_o example_n desert_n place_n uninhabited_a island_n in_o the_o sea_n wild_a beast_n fish_n and_o bird_n the_o former_a be_v usual_o gain_v and_o dispose_v of_o by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o people_n the_o latter_a by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o the_o land_n and_o water_n who_o may_v forbid_v all_o other_o from_o hunt_v fish_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o virtue_n of_o this_o universal_a law_n his_o majesty_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v always_o dispose_v of_o the_o several_a plantation_n abroad_o that_o have_v be_v discover_v or_o gain_v by_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n and_o may_v do_v for_o the_o future_a in_o case_n any_o other_o be_v discover_v and_o acquire_v for_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n can_v command_v nothing_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n forbid_v yet_o they_o may_v bound_v and_o circumscribe_v that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n leave_v free_a and_o forbid_v that_o which_o natural_o may_v be_v lawful_a now_o to_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n mr._n williams_n quote_v that_o common_a say_n commercia_fw-la debent_fw-la esse_fw-la libera_fw-la from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n the_o sea_n and_o trade_n and_o traffic_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a as_o the_o air_n and_o for_o that_o he_o have_v cite_v grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la cap._n 3._o wellwoods_n abridgement_n of_o sea-law_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o lord_n admiral_n grotius_n the_o mari_n libero_fw-la where_o he_o say_v mare_n &_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la sunt_fw-la communia_fw-la britton_n cap._n 33._o de_fw-fr perchase_n le_fw-fr mere_a &_o le_fw-fr air_n sunt_fw-la thores_fw-la common_n sir_n john_n burrough_n his_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n baldus_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la dominiis_fw-la but_o i_o think_v none_o of_o those_o book_n can_v warrant_v his_o conclusion_n for_o sure_o that_o expression_n commercia_fw-la sunt_fw-la libera_fw-la can_v possible_o be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o literal_a sense_n that_o every_o man_n in_o every_o nation_n shall_v be_v at_o liberty_n to_o trade_n either_o in_o what_o commodity_n or_o to_o what_o place_n or_o at_o what_o time_n soever_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n that_o trade_n and_o commerce_n must_v be_v subject_a to_o some_o law_n and_o grotius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr mari_n libero_fw-la propose_v this_o main_a design_n to_o prove_v that_o any_o one_o nation_n have_v not_o power_n to_o hinder_v another_o nation_n from_o free_a commerce_n and_o that_o the_o spaniard_n therefore_o have_v no_o right_a to_o prohibit_v the_o

sumptus_fw-la &_o ancipiti_fw-la eventui_fw-la initio_fw-la sunt_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la ergo_fw-la authoribus_fw-la talium_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la cavendum_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-fr quod_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la constitutum_fw-la magno_fw-la cum_fw-la periculo_fw-la &_o sumptu_fw-la sunt_fw-la alii_fw-la gratis_n intercipiant_fw-la ii_o ac_fw-la praeterea_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la societates_fw-la privilegiatae_fw-la opibus_fw-la suis_fw-la reipub_fw-la exigente_fw-la necessitate_v felicius_fw-la possunt_fw-la quam_fw-la singula_fw-la succurrere_fw-la iii_o videntur_fw-la etiam_fw-la meliori_fw-la fide_fw-la commercia_fw-la tractari_fw-la ac_fw-la majorem_fw-la copiam_fw-la mercium_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la posse_fw-la advehi_fw-la neque_fw-la de_fw-la tot_fw-la fraudibus_fw-la &_o compendiis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la necessum_fw-la habent_fw-la quorum_fw-la lucrum_fw-la in_o common_a velut_fw-la aerarium_fw-la redactum_fw-la aequalibus_fw-la portionibus_fw-la distribuitur_fw-la puffendorf_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la lib._n 5._o fol._n 655._o a_o learned_a author_n do_v more_o at_o large_a describe_v it_o it_o have_v be_v a_o question_n sometime_o debate_v whether_o the_o society_n enter_v into_o by_o the_o hanse_v town_n be_v not_o against_o law_n quip_n quod_fw-la speciem_fw-la monopolii_n prae_fw-la se_fw-la far_o videtur_fw-la ut_fw-la certis_fw-la locis_fw-la merces_fw-la emant_fw-la confaederati_fw-la quae_fw-la rursus_fw-la pretio_fw-la eo_fw-la quo_fw-la volunt_fw-la vendant_fw-la this_o be_v the_o same_o objection_n now_o make_v against_o the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar._n but_o the_o answer_v give_v be_v twofold_a and_o will_v come_v home_o to_o this_o case_n i._o that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv._o have_v give_v his_o approbation_n and_o make_v it_o lawful_a by_o his_o authority_n ii_o that_o they_o have_v continue_v in_o possession_n of_o this_o society_n so_o long_o that_o now_o the_o length_n of_o time_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n consent_n remove_v all_o doubt_n whatsoever_o carpsovirez_n de_fw-fr lege_fw-la regius_fw-la germanorum_n cap._n 6._o sect_n 10._o and_o the_o charter_n now_o in_o question_n and_o other_o charter_n of_o like_a nature_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o remember_v by_o and_o by_o remain_v undisturbed_a without_o the_o least_o interruption_n as_o long_o as_o this_o society_n do_v before_o this_o question_n be_v state_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o law_n such_o a_o length_n of_o time_n do_v not_o obtain_v the_o credit_n of_o a_o prescription_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o country_n which_o be_v only_o adapt_v for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v otherwise_o praescriptio_fw-la enim_fw-la tam_fw-la longi_fw-la temporis_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinet_fw-la imo_fw-la tollit_fw-la omne_fw-la vitium_fw-la praescriptio_fw-la temporis_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la quae_fw-la privilegiata_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la vitioso_fw-la etiam_fw-la titulo_fw-la dominium_fw-la &_o jus_o tribuit_fw-la omnesque_fw-la solemnitates_fw-la etiam_fw-la extrinsecus_fw-la negotio_fw-la accessisse_fw-la praesumit_fw-la tanti_fw-la temporis_fw-la antiquitas_fw-la num_fw-la 10._o n._n atque_fw-la omnem_fw-la monopolii_n respectum_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la vel_fw-la caesarum_fw-la approbatio_fw-la excludit_fw-la n._n 10._o 26._o quia_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la immemorialis_fw-la caesarum_fw-la scitu_fw-la &_o concessu_fw-la haec_fw-la antiqua_fw-la societas_fw-la fulcitur_fw-la omnis_fw-la monopolii_n respectus_fw-la etiam_fw-la minimus_fw-la laeserat_fw-la marg._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 7._o n._n 50._o and_o as_o these_o hanse_v town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o corporation_n of_o trade_n i_o have_v read_v of_o so_o be_v it_o think_v the_o interest_n of_o england_n to_o support_v and_o encourage_v they_o i_o find_v above_o 60_o some_o say_v 80_o town_n and_o city_n unite_v their_o stock_n make_v lubeck_n brunswick_n dantzick_n and_o cullen_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o their_o residence_n and_o so_o great_a be_v their_o trade_n and_o credit_n under_o that_o constitution_n that_o many_o prince_n grant_v they_o large_a privilege_n and_o they_o keep_v court_n by_o their_o deputy_n and_o counsel_n at_o bergen_n by_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n all_o monopoly_n be_v forbid_v and_o under_o the_o same_o penalty_n appoint_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n yet_o there_o also_o a_o right_n may_v be_v acquire_v to_o a_o sole_a trade_n by_o licence_n obtain_v from_o the_o king_n or_o by_o prescription_n quinta_fw-la partida_fw-la tit._n 7._o leg_n 2._o membris_fw-la hoc_fw-la commercium_fw-la maritimum_fw-la exclusis_fw-la caeteris_fw-la ad_fw-la 20_o annos_fw-la concederetur_fw-la neque_fw-la ulla_fw-la re_fw-la se_fw-la magis_fw-la prodidit_fw-la imperii_fw-la odium_fw-la batavicae_fw-la nostris_fw-la diebus_fw-la deo_fw-la ita_fw-la volente_fw-la constituti_fw-la magnitudo_fw-la &_o felicitas_fw-la quam_fw-la navigationum_fw-la in_o india_n orientales_fw-la susceptarum_fw-la constantia_n &_o successus_fw-la ad_fw-la quas_fw-la ut_fw-la aerario_fw-la parceretur_fw-la societates_fw-la institutae_fw-la cautumque_fw-la tandem_fw-la ut_fw-la sub_fw-la unam_fw-la societatem_fw-la omnes_fw-la coirent_fw-la quod_fw-la alioqui_fw-la experimento_fw-la constitisset_fw-la aromatum_fw-la pretia_fw-mi ab_fw-la insulanis_fw-la ob_fw-la emptorum_fw-la frequentiam_fw-la augeri_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la alii_fw-la aliis_fw-la praevertere_fw-la &_o lucrum_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la aliorum_fw-la damno_fw-la derivare_fw-la satagerent_fw-la ubi_fw-la concordia_fw-la maxima_fw-la est_fw-la opus_fw-la aemulationum_fw-la &_o dissidii_fw-la semina_fw-la spargi_fw-la i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o other_o country_n warrant_v the_o like_a grant_n and_o restriction_n with_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n so_o i_o conceive_v this_o charter_n of_o sole_a trade_n to_o the_o indies_n exclude_v other_o be_v neither_o oppose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o prohibit_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o be_v support_v by_o both_o as_o will_n more_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o practice_n and_o constant_a usage_n in_o all_o time_n therefore_o though_o engross_a be_v a_o crime_n odious_a in_o the_o law_n and_o punishable_a yet_o all_o manner_n of_o engross_a be_v not_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o be_v only_o applicable_a to_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n 3._o instit._fw-la 196._o that_o merchant_n may_v buy_v beyond_o sea_n in_o gross_a and_o sell_v here_o again_o in_o gross_a also_o i_o say_v that_o all_o monopoly_n be_v not_o unlawful_a general_o speak_v they_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v admit_v the_o description_n of_o a_o unlawful_a monopoly_n make_v by_o my_o lord_n cook_n 3._o instit._fw-la 181._o a_o monopoly_n be_v a_o institution_n or_o allowance_n by_o the_o king_n by_o his_o grant_n commission_n or_o otherwise_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a of_o or_o for_o the_o sole_a buy_n sell_v make_v work_a or_o use_v any_o thing_n whereby_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a be_v seek_v to_o be_v restrain_v of_o any_o freedom_n or_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o or_o hinder_v in_o their_o lawful_a trade_n now_o if_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n have_v not_o before_o this_o grant_v a_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n against_o the_o king_n royal_a pleasure_n the_o charter_n at_o the_o bar_n will_v be_v no_o monopoly_n within_o that_o rule_n now_o that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o liberty_n have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a prohibition_n mention_v before_o and_o the_o many_o more_o instance_n thereof_o cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a that_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v foreigner_n from_o come_v here_o into_o england_n and_o not_o prohibit_v his_o own_o subject_n from_o go_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v proclaim_v a_o war_n with_o the_o indian_n that_o then_o it_o will_v be_v a_o prohibition_n to_o all_o his_o subject_n to_o have_v any_o commerce_n with_o they_o nay_o and_o he_o may_v continue_v that_o war_n as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v all_o his_o subject_n will_v be_v as_o well_o prevent_v of_o any_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n and_o also_o of_o export_v any_o of_o our_o commodity_n thither_o so_o that_o sure_o this_o charter_n with_o these_o restriction_n be_v much_o better_a than_o a_o total_a exclusion_n and_o therefore_o foreign_a trade_n be_v not_o like_o our_o home_n trade_n to_o which_o the_o word_n monopoly_n be_v proper_o applicable_a for_o that_o can_v be_v total_o exclude_v for_o any_o time_n though_o never_o so_o small_a by_o any_o act_n of_o prerogative_n object_n ay_o but_o say_v the_o defendant_n council_n though_o the_o king_n can_v by_o his_o prerogative_n prohibit_v all_o trade_n to_o any_o country_n upon_o such_o great_a emergency_n as_o war_n and_o plague_n etc._n etc._n yet_o to_o grant_v liberty_n to_o some_o and_o exclude_v other_o that_o make_v the_o grant_n at_o the_o bar_n be_v think_v a_o monopoly_n which_o be_v still_o beg_v the_o

about_o foreign_a commerce_n and_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o bear_v any_o sort_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n as_o the_o interest_n of_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v necessitate_v they_o to_o contend_v for_o it_o will_v become_v we_o that_o be_v judge_n in_o westminster-hall_n for_o the_o better_a determine_v this_o case_n to_o observe_v the_o method_n use_v by_o our_o predecessor_n in_o determine_v such_o like_a cause_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o several_a authority_n i_o cite_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o as_o the_o book_n of_o ed._n 4._o before_o cite_a say_v it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o leave_v the_o determination_n to_o be_v according_a to_o that_o law_n the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n i_o before_o cite_v make_v a_o particular_a provision_n that_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o cicero_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n say_v non_fw-fr erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la hac_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la and_o i_o the_o rather_o think_v myself_o oblige_v more_o industrious_o to_o search_v into_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o better_a to_o enable_v i_o to_o give_v judgement_n in_o this_o case_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v the_o king_n subject_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o be_v mind_v thereof_o particular_o by_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n in_o the_o give_a judgement_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o bates_n about_o the_o imposition_n upon_o currant_n lane_n fol._n 27._o and_o do_v not_o only_o affirm_v it_o as_o necessary_a but_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o all_o judge_n in_o all_o age_n do_v not_o we_o leave_v the_o determination_n of_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n foreign_a matter_n matter_n of_o navigation_n league_n truce_n embassy_n nay_o even_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n the_o stop_n of_o the_o defendant_n ship_n by_o a_o admiralty_n process_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o this_o court_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o exchequer_n to_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o process_n out_o of_o that_o court_n his_o ship_n be_v detain_v to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o court_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o matter_n before_o specify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v control_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law._n and_o if_o custom_n make_v a_o law_n than_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n be_v sure_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o my_o next_o particular_a which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n upon_o which_o this_o cause_n will_v turn_v therefore_o 4thly_a i_o conceive_v that_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o regulation_n restraint_n and_o government_n of_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la jura_n regalia_z i._n e._n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v his_o undoubted_a prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o abridge_v or_o control_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n now_o in_o force_n this_o question_n be_v not_o concern_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o power_n or_o any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v thereupon_o because_o upon_o inconvenience_n arise_v the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v supplicate_v to_o redress_v they_o which_o i_o shall_v far_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o particular_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o grant._n commerciorum_fw-la jura_n sunt_fw-la privilegiata_n ac_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la iis_fw-la concessa_fw-la qui_fw-la exercendorum_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la licentiam_fw-la principis_fw-la indultu_fw-la &_o authoritate_fw-la meruerunt_fw-la be_v the_o very_a express_a text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o so_o be_v carpzovire_n const._n n._n 5._o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-la republica_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o ses_fw-fr quae_fw-la tametsi_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la prohibere_fw-la tametsi_fw-la saepe_fw-la á_o principibus_fw-la videmus_fw-la and_o in_o cap._n 6._o quote_v by_o mr._n attorney_n that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n so_o salmasius_n pag._n 236._o mercatura_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la magistratus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o vetando_fw-la vel_fw-la permittendo_fw-la svam_fw-la pro_fw-la commodo_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la so_o carpzovire_v a_o famous_a german_a lawyer_n in_o his_o decision_n lib._n decis_n 105._o n._n 13._o &_o 14._o exempla_fw-la haud_fw-la rara_fw-la sunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la privilegio_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la principis_fw-la commercia_fw-la ad_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la certave_n loca_fw-la restringere_fw-la videmus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o principle_n assert_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n agree_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o law_n mr._n attorney_n in_o his_o argument_n in_o this_o cause_n cite_v many_o record_n and_o precedent_n to_o make_v good_a this_o assertion_n which_o i_o think_v he_o do_v with_o great_a clearness_n i_o therefore_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o as_o few_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v and_o only_o remind_v you_o of_o such_o as_o i_o think_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n which_o i_o will_v do_v by_o these_o step_n i_o conceive_v the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n to_o forbid_v foreigner_n whether_o merchant_n or_o other_o from_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n according_a to_o his_o royal_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n to_o come_v in_o in_o all_o age_n and_o at_o his_o pleasure_n command_v they_o out_o again_o by_o his_o proclamation_n or_o order_n of_o council_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o king_n reign_v without_o many_o instance_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 30._o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n be_v but_o a_o general_a safe_a conduct_n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la ante_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v observe_v that_o mercatores_fw-la say_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o chapter_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o in_o those_o day_n any_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a trade_n or_o at_o least_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o any_o book_n or_o record_n that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n my_o lord_n coke_n 2._o institut_n fol._n 57_o do_v agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v and_o do_v prohibit_v stranger_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o conceive_v and_o with_o great_a respect_n be_v it_o speak_v to_o his_o memory_n i_o think_v without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n will_v make_v these_o word_n nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibeantur_fw-la to_o intend_v only_o a_o prohibition_n by_o parliament_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o whole_a realm_n now_o do_v the_o come_n in_o of_o stranger_n concern_v the_o realm_n after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o sure_o no._n do_v not_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o that_o of_o public_a concern_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v not_o the_o prohibition_n of_o stranger_n a_o natural_a dependent_a upon_o that_o prerogative_n if_o the_o word_n publicae_fw-la there_o have_v be_v out_o there_o have_v be_v no_o colour_n for_o that_o conceit_n and_o sure_o the_o king_n proclamation_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n as_o public_a as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v do_v nay_o and_o i_o may_v say_v more_o for_o act_n of_o parliament_n ancient_o be_v make_v public_a by_o proclamation_n for_o in_o our_o book_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n of_o writ_n direct_v to_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o cause_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v publish_v by_o proclamation_n and_o so_o be_v the_o constant_a and_o ancient_a usage_n and_o it_o be_v not_o more_o natural_a for_o stranger_n that_o be_v abroad_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v public_a edict_n which_o be_v

know_v to_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n in_o all_o country_n more_o than_o they_o will_v of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o affect_v the_o king_n be_v own_o dominion_n only_o beside_o it_o appear_v more_o impertinent_a if_o you_o turn_v those_o word_n into_o a_o proviso_n and_o then_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o in_o plain_a english_a than_o this_o provide_v that_o this_o law_n shall_v continue_v except_o it_o be_v hereafter_o repeal_v which_o sure_o will_v be_v very_o ridiculous_a mr._n attorney_n and_o mr._n solicitor_n both_o in_o their_o argument_n quote_v several_a record_n and_o precedent_n where_o the_o king_n in_o all_o time_n after_o the_o make_n of_o that_o act_n do_v prohibit_v stranger_n from_o come_v in_o and_o do_v command_v they_o out_o when_o they_o be_v here_o at_o pleasure_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o the_o repetition_n of_o the_o record_n for_o they_o be_v many_o nay_o the_o king_n when_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v prohibit_v do_v grant_v safe-conduct_a and_o of_o that_o sort_n in_o roll_n prerogative_n 180._o you_o will_v find_v several_a instance_n and_o in_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n to_o confirm_v the_o king_n prerogative_n as_o to_o safe-conduct_n it_o do_v appear_v syderfyn_n fol._n 441._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v prohibit_v the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a good_n and_o whoever_o act_v against_o such_o prohibition_n forfeit_v his_o ship._n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o pleasure_n and_o recall_v they_o again_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o that_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o without_o give_v any_o reason_n the_o book_n of_o fitzherbert_n n._n b._n and_o register_n before-cited_n make_v this_o evident_a mr._n attorney_n indeed_o cite_v many_o instance_n wherein_o the_o king_n have_v make_v use_n of_o their_o prerogative_n council_n as_o 7_o ed._n 2._o m._n 10._o quadragesimo_fw-la ed._n 3._o m._n 24._o stat._n of_o 5_o r._n 2._o cap._n 2._o which_o confirm_v it_o 3._o inst._n 179._o vicesimo_fw-la quinto_fw-la ed._n 3._o m._n 10._o with_o many_o more_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o after_o a_o prohibition_n it_o be_v a_o offence_n admit_v of_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n for_o any_o subject_n to_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n dyer_n 165._o and_o 296._o agree_v it_o and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o present_a purpose_n there_o be_v a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o charter_n in_o question_n to_o all_o person_n that_o be_v not_o there_o mention_v what_o influence_n the_o king_n prerogative_n must_v necessary_o have_v upon_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n appear_v by_o his_o frequent_a grant_v letter_n of_o mark_n and_o reprisal_n these_o be_v not_o allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n civil_a or_o common_a law_n for_o thereby_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o another_o act_n without_o his_o consent_n but_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o nation_n humana_fw-la necessitate_v exigente_fw-la the_o king_n only_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v league_n and_o truce_n with_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o which_o only_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v depend_v and_o those_o league_n be_v make_v upon_o such_o term_n and_o condition_n and_o under_o such_o limitation_n as_o both_o prince_n think_v fit_a many_o instance_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v also_o cite_v by_o mr._n attorney_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v myself_o and_o the_o difference_n that_o arise_v from_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o those_o league_n and_o can_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o can_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o foreign_a part_n four_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_o master_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n which_o he_o can_v not_o be_v in_o case_n he_o have_v not_o a_o power_n to_o lay_v restraint_n upon_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o relation_n to_o foreign_a commerce_n since_o eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o war_n be_v proclaim_v all_o public_a commerce_n be_v prohibit_v and_o the_o council_n that_o argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n admit_v that_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v his_o subject_n to_o go_v or_o trade_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n of_o war_n or_o plague_n how_o strange_o preposterous_a then_o will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o yet_o be_v deny_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o one_o and_o prevent_v the_o other_o be_v not_o that_o therefore_o the_o great_a reason_n why_o the_o king_n be_v at_o so_o great_a expense_n in_o maintain_v ambassador_n and_o envoy_n in_o all_o the_o trade_n part_n of_o the_o world_n without_o which_o we_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a state_n of_o war_n will_v it_o not_o be_v monstrous_a that_o when_o the_o king_n be_v enter_v into_o league_n with_o any_o sovereign_a prince_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o trade_n very_o advantageous_a to_o his_o people_n to_o have_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o destroy_v it_o as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o league_n between_o our_o king_n and_o the_o emperor_n of_o morocco_n for_o a_o trade_n to_o tangier_n be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o no_o english_a ship_n come_v there_o for_o commerce_n shall_v be_v above_o a_o hundred_o tun_n and_o a_o fleet_n of_o merchant_n ship_n within_o that_o condition_n be_v in_o port_n at_o tangier_n and_o mr._n sands_n with_o the_o same_o obstinacy_n as_o he_o seem_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n shall_v have_v go_v with_o a_o ship_n of_o above_o a_o hundred_o tun_n to_o tangier_n that_o will_v have_v be_v a_o absolute_a breach_n of_o the_o league_n we_o shall_v have_v be_v immediate_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n the_o merchant_n good_n and_o ship_n absolute_o forfeit_v to_o the_o emperor_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o they_o and_o their_o family_n thereby_o undo_v without_o any_o remedy_n till_o mr._n sands_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o return_v into_o england_n and_o also_o bring_v with_o he_o a_o estate_n sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o a_o recompense_n and_o then_o also_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o contrive_v such_o a_o action_n in_o our_o law_n to_o compel_v mr._n sands_n to_o do_v it_o beside_o the_o king_n have_v no_o other_o way_n if_o his_o ambassador_n and_o minister_n in_o foreign_a part_n can_v prevail_v that_o right_o shall_v be_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n or_o if_o mr._n sands_n interlope_a ship_n and_o all_o its_o cargo_fw-mi have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v away_o from_o he_o by_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v of_o a_o war_n and_o compel_v they_o to_o make_v restitution_n by_o force_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v more_o than_o foreign_a trader_n will_v be_v then_o concern_v both_o in_o their_o person_n and_o purse_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n to_o lie_v under_o the_o burden_n and_o charge_n and_o the_o profit_n and_o advantage_n accrue_v only_o to_o a_o few_o and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improper_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o objection_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n of_o the_o unreasonableness_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v entrust_v with_o this_o prerogative_n for_o as_o well_o as_o he_o may_v restrain_v person_n travel_v to_o the_o indies_n he_o may_v also_o restrain_v they_o from_o trade_n into_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world._n the_o very_a objection_n seem_v to_o carry_v a_o unsavoury_a as_o well_o as_o a_o unreasonable_a mistrust_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o prince_n for_o as_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o our_o law_n the_o king_n can_v be_v presume_v to_o do_v wrong_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o constant_a practice_n of_o our_o present_a king_n have_v not_o give_v we_o the_o least_o umbrage_n for_o such_o diffidence_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o say_v we_o be_v as_o safe_a by_o our_o prince_n own_o natural_a inclination_n as_o we_o can_v be_v by_o any_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o king_n have_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o pardon_v all_o offender_n by_o his_o inherent_a prerogative_n which_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v deprive_v he_o of_o the_o case_n of_o murder_n be_v a_o full_a instance_n of_o that_o nor_o be_v that_o prerogative_n ever_o dispute_v in_o any_o age_n though_o never_o so_o troublesome_a save_v in_o that_o single_a case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o danby_n and_o that_o without_o any_o reason_n that_o i_o can_v ever_o hear_v of_o be_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v object_v and_o presume_v that_o the_o king_n will_v pardon_v all_o the_o traitor_n murderer_n and_o robber_n and_o