shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o tâ—rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iâ—â—ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâ—cij_n heteroâ—cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâ—j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
but_o after_o 10000_o pace_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o will_v here_o ask_v the_o geographer_n quoth_v patricius_n whether_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n wherein_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o whole_a space_n surpass_v not_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o water_n can_v ascend_v to_o 72_o foot_n have_v it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o have_v go_v with_o patricius_n over_o the_o lake_n i_o may_v perhaps_o by_o observation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n nevertheless_o be_v unacquainted_a aswell_o with_o the_o place_n as_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n i_o may_v perhaps_o guess_v somewhat_o at_o his_o error_n first_o then_o whereas_o he_o aver_v that_o pass_v along_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n a_o tower_n of_o 72_o foot_n high_a seem_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n which_o at_o 10000_o vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o confess_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n inter-posed_n can_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o sight_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n wherefore_o some_o other_o accidental_a cause_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v make_v inquiry_n whether_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o boat_n be_v direct_o forward_o from_o the_o tower_n on_o the_o water_n no_o land_n inter-posed_n or_o indirect_o side-wise_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v place_v betwixt_o their_o sight_n and_o the_o tower_n mention_v the_o former_a no_o way_n can_v be_v imagine_v foras_fw-la much_o as_o it_o not_o only_o contradict_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o receive_a philosophy_n but_o also_o of_o patricius_n himself_o for_o give_v the_o earth_n a_o plain_a surface_n or_o angular_a or_o any_o other_o form_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n such_o a_o effect_n shall_v happen_v out_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v oblique_a or_o indirect_a in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o shore_n may_v any_o way_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o tower_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o such_o a_o experiment_n shall_v happen_v for_o the_o land_n by_o which_o the_o boat_n may_v be_v carry_v may_v have_v a_o ascent_n by_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o tower_n at_o 1000_o pace_n may_v be_v for_o the_o half_a of_o it_o obscure_v and_o at_o last_o be_v altogether_o take_v out_o of_o sight_n this_o reason_n then_o of_o patricius_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o land_n then_o the_o water_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o patricius_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o water_n say_v he_o have_v a_o round_a superficies_n the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v challenge_v the_o like_a figure_n because_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n 1_o because_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o pot_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o spherical_a roundness_n for_o although_o at_o the_o brink_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v restrain_v above_o the_o pot_n yet_o no_o such_o swell_a appear_v in_o the_o middle_n 2_o that_o river_n be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o bank_n which_o otherwise_o will_v flow_v abroad_o 3_o that_o river_n when_o by_o the_o melt_a of_o snow_n they_o swell_v so_o great_a as_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v contain_v within_o their_o bank_n do_v not_o seem_v high_o in_o the_o middle_n then_o in_o other_o place_n 4_o if_o any_o man_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o other_o level_v at_o any_o mark_n he_o may_v sure_o hit_v it_o which_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v if_o there_o be_v any_o spherical_a swell_n in_o the_o midst_n which_o may_v hinder_v the_o sight_n 5_o and_o last_o it_o seem_v so_o unlikely_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v more_o hollow_a in_o that_o we_o plain_o observe_v that_o all_o filth_n and_o rubbish_n carry_v from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o settle_v and_o swim_v in_o the_o midst_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o argument_n of_o patricius_n our_o ground_n be_v yet_o unshake_a 1_n concern_v small_a drop_n and_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pot_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v round_o and_o spherical_a though_o not_o exact_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o roundness_n i_o confess_v serve_v not_o any_o way_n to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n because_o the_o sphericity_n and_o roundness_n which_o we_o aver_v to_o be_v in_o water_n have_v for_o its_o centre_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o so_o small_a a_o arch_n or_o section_n as_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o pot_n or_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n can_v possible_o have_v any_o sensible_a appearance_n or_o existence_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o fond_o urge_v to_o this_o purpose_n by_o some_o of_o our_o geographer_n and_o such_o as_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o demonstration_n which_o grant_v sufficient_o answer_v all_o the_o reason_n last_o urge_v by_o patricius_n except_o the_o last_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o require_v in_o the_o water_n a_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o this_o roundness_n in_o every_o river_n or_o little_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v touch_v the_o last_o thing_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o filthy_a matter_n be_v from_o the_o bank_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_n whence_o he_o will_v infer_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v hollow_a and_o low_a we_o can_v answer_v diverse_a way_n 1_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a because_o every_o man_n may_v oftentimes_o see_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o filthy_a rubbish_n rather_o use_v to_o cleave_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n then_o to_o float_v into_o the_o midst_n 2_o that_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o torrent_n which_o run_v violent_o from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o midst_n carry_v with_o it_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v light_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o place_n be_v great_a the_o current_n wide_o or_o swift_a but_o nothing_o here_o can_v be_v conclude_v to_o prove_v the_o water_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a force_n to_o be_v either_o plain_a or_o hollow_a in_o the_o midst_n which_o this_o adversary_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o discourse_v of_o such_o affection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o be_v elementary_a and_o know_v heretofore_o to_o ancient_a philosopher_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o treat_v of_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o follow_v the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o loadstone_n many_o have_v write_v but_o few_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a nature_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o certain_a herdsman_n who_o have_v his_o shoe_n shod_a with_o iron_n and_o a_o iron-pike_n in_o his_o hand_n rest_v himself_o on_o a_o quarry_n of_o loadstone_n can_v hardly_o remove_v himself_o from_o thence_o but_o this_o seem_v rather_o a_o pleasant_a poetical_a invention_n than_o a_o true_a history_n have_v no_o good_a author_n to_o avouch_v it_o but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o first_o invention_n be_v a_o matter_n rather_o indebt_v to_o chance_v then_o industry_n no_o small_a difficulty_n have_v discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a property_n somewhat_o i_o confess_v have_v be_v write_v of_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n as_o have_v be_v most_o know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o virtue_n attractive_a by_o which_o it_o draw_v to_o itself_o iron_n or_o steel_n as_o also_o the_o virtue_n directive_a by_o which_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o the_o magnet_n direct_v and_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n the_o rest_n of_o magnetical_a propriety_n i_o find_v in_o ancient_a writer_n as_o little_o know_v as_o their_o cause_n &_o if_o any_o matter_n herein_o be_v broach_v it_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a and_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n neither_o have_v we_o any_o certain_a or_o satisfactory_a knowledge_n of_o this_o thing_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o please_v god_n to_o raise_v up_o one_o of_o our_o countryman_n d._n gilbert_n who_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n have_v tread_v out_o a_o new_a path_n to_o
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o 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continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o 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this_o manner_n let_v the_o whole_a magnetical_a body_n be_v cd_o then_o c_z will_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o and_o d_o unto_o the_o south_n part_n a._n let_v this_o magnet_n be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o point_n e_o will_v tend_v to_o a_o and_o the_o part_n f_o will_v direct_v itself_o to_o b_o for_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a so_o in_o the_o part_n divide_v nature_n desire_v the_o union_n of_o these_o body_n the_o end_n e_z willing_o accord_v with_o f_o but_z e_z will_v not_o willing_o join_v itself_o with_o d_o nor_o f_o with_o c_o for_o than_o it_o will_v have_v c_o against_o its_o nature_n to_o move_v towards_o a_o the_o south_n or_o d_o in_o b_o which_o be_v the_o south_n separate_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o place_n of_o division_n and_o turn_v c_o to_o d_o and_o they_o will_v convenient_o agree_v and_o accord_n for_o d_o will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n as_o before_o and_o c_o to_o the_o north_n 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that_o it_o incline_v no_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o but_o lie_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o rest_v quiet_a without_o motion_n for_o howsoever_o the_o water_n so_o rest_v as_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v be_v always_o spherical_a yet_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n it_o may_v to_o sense_n be_v represent_v by_o a_o plain_a 25_o so_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v into_o three_o sort_n for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o right_a horizon_n or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_v 26_o a_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n this_o distinction_n grow_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o equatour_n for_o since_o the_o equatour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o immovable_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v mutable_a and_o change_v according_a to_o his_o 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and_o propriety_n we_o shall_v more_o full_o treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o dictinction_n of_o the_o part_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n because_o such_o propriety_n can_v so_o well_o be_v teach_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n who_o nature_n and_o fabric_n we_o shall_v labour_v god_n will_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n to_o unfold_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o real_a we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v a_o expression_n or_o imitation_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o the_o artificial_a imitation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a the_o common_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o in_o the_o geographical_a map_n or_o table_n 3_o the_o geographical_a globe_n be_v a_o round_a solid_a body_n adorn_v with_o lineament_n &_o picture_n serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o geographer_n who_o be_v the_o first_o inuentour_n of_o this_o artificial_a globe_n it_o be_v not_o evident_a some_o think_v with_o pliny_n that_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o atlas_n and_o carry_v into_o greece_n by_o hercules_n other_o have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o anaximander_n milesius_n some_o to_o musaeus_n as_o diogenes_n laërtius_n other_o to_o other_o author_n among_o who_o architas_n tarentinus_n be_v not_o forget_v as_o one_o that_o be_v esteem_v the_o rare_a mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n but_o all_o these_o be_v outstripped_n by_o archimedes_n the_o syracusan_a mathematician_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v compose_v a_o sphere_n of_o transparent_a glass_n represent_v unto_o the_o life_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o heaven_n wherein_o the_o sun_n
industrious_o calculate_v as_o i_o have_v here_o insert_v to_o save_v other_o a_o new_a labour_n of_o calculation_n the_o meridian_n be_v more_o easy_o find_v by_o hang_v any_o directory_n wire_n or_o needle_n over_o the_o terrella_n one_o end_n of_o which_o point_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n will_v discover_v the_o meridian_n line_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o handle_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n primary_o in_o such_o propriety_n as_o absolute_o agree_v unto_o its_o nature_n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o handle_v such_o as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o former_a here_o we_o be_v to_o handle_v two_o chief_a point_n 1_o the_o measure_n 2_o the_o distinction_n 2_o the_o measure_n be_v that_o by_o which_o we_o find_v out_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n good_a reason_n have_v we_o to_o call_v this_o the_o secondary_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o as_o much_o as_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n we_o here_o consider_v arise_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o former_a treatise_n we_o have_v divide_v the_o natural_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o artificial_a but_o in_o this_o part_n for_o avoid_v of_o tedious_a repetition_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n we_o have_v join_v they_o together_o for_o howsoever_o the_o measure_n and_o dictinction_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v true_o ground_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v well_o express_v and_o teach_v without_o the_o material_a instrument_n we_o have_v therefore_o think_v good_a to_o consider_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o distinction_n because_o it_o be_v more_o simple_a and_o uncompound_n depend_v on_o the_o lineament_n and_o measure_n of_o one_o circle_n whereas_o the_o distinction_n necessary_o require_v the_o conjunction_n and_o combination_n of_o diverse_a circle_n as_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o whether_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v measure_v or_o no_o seem_v a_o matter_n not_o agree_v on_o by_o all_o some_o have_v hold_v a_o opinion_n that_o it_o can_v be_v measure_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o infinite_a magnitude_n wherewith_o they_o think_v it_o endow_v which_o opinion_n seem_v derive_v from_o some_o of_o the_o platonic_n who_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n another_o figure_n beside_o the_o spherical_a have_v cast_v themselves_o upon_o uncertainty_n and_o be_v notable_a to_o reduce_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o their_o own_o ground_n to_o any_o certain_a measure_n have_v deny_v it_o to_o be_v measurable_a but_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n we_o have_v take_v away_o before_o in_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v of_o a_o true_a spherical_a nature_n and_o therefore_o circumscribe_v in_o certain_a bound_n apt_a to_o be_v measure_v another_o conceit_n more_o absurd_a than_o the_o former_a be_v not_o only_o the_o common_a people_n who_o condition_n may_v excuse_v their_o ignorance_n but_o of_o such_o as_o will_v be_v esteem_v learned_a who_o contend_v that_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v measure_v the_o only_a reason_n they_o can_v allege_v for_o themselves_o be_v 1_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v unaccessible_a by_o reason_n of_o steep_a rock_n high_a mountain_n spacious_a and_o thick_a wood_n moorish_a fog_n and_o such_o like_a impediment_n 2_o that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n uneven_a and_o subject_a to_o no_o regular_a figure_n without_o the_o which_o no_o measure_n can_v be_v exact_a the_o first_o cavil_n be_v of_o no_o moment_n because_o whereas_o we_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n by_o man_n may_v be_v measure_v we_o hold_v it_o not_o necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v traverse_v over_o by_o journey_n or_o voyage_n for_o as_o much_o as_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a to_o know_v the_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o any_o little_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o for_o example_n what_o number_n of_o miles_n league_n or_o furlong_n answer_v to_o any_o degree_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o heaven_n wherefore_o we_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v measure_v over_o not_o with_o our_o foot_n but_o with_o our_o wit_n which_o may_v by_o mathematical_a rule_n be_v teach_v to_o march_v forward_o where_o our_o leg_n fail_v we_o the_o second_o objection_n only_o prove_v thus_o much_o that_o the_o earth_n partake_v of_o so_o many_o unequal_a part_n and_o irregular_a form_n can_v in_o the_o measure_n admit_v of_o so_o much_o exactness_n as_o if_o it_o be_v endow_v with_o one_o uniform_a face_n yet_o it_o be_v exact_a enough_o to_o contenta_fw-mi cosmographer_n who_o measure_v not_o by_o foot_n and_o inch_n but_o by_o league_n and_o mile_n in_o which_o we_o little_o regard_v such_o a_o needless_a curiosity_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v miles_n and_o furlong_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o such_o instrument_n as_o serve_v for_o measure_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o small_a be_v of_o diverse_a sort_n as_o a_o grain_n inch_n foot_n perch_n pole_n and_o such_o like_a some_o of_o these_o howsoever_o sometime_o useful_a in_o topographie_n can_v have_v little_a or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o the_o vast_a greatness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n wherefore_o the_o geographer_n seldom_o descend_v so_o low_a but_o take_v notice_n of_o great_a measure_n such_o as_o be_v miles_n &_o furlong_n where_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o usual_a measure_n among_o the_o grecian_n be_v by_o stadia_fw-la or_o furlong_n among_o many_o of_o the_o latin_n by_o mile_n under_o which_o we_o also_o comprehend_v league_n these_o mile_n be_v diverse_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o country_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v esteem_v long_o in_o other_o short_a which_o difference_n may_v be_v learn_v out_o of_o this_o ensue_a table_n the_o instrument_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n be_v 1_o furlong_n contain_v 125_o geometicall_a pace_n or_o 625_o foot_n 2_o mile_n which_o be_v either_o 1_o proper_a contain_v 8_o furlong_n or_o 1000_o pace_n 2_o improper_a which_o be_v either_o 1_o league_n which_o be_v either_o 2_o german_a mile_n which_o be_v either_o the_o 1_o old_a contain_v 12_o furlong_n 2_o new_a contain_v 16_o furlong_n 3_o common_z of_o 24_o furlong_n 1_o common_a which_o be_v 32_o furlong_n or_o four_o italian_a mile_n 2_o great_a contain_v 5000_o pace_n which_o be_v call_v the_o suenian_a or_o helvetian_a mile_n howsoever_o this_o distinction_n of_o mile_n may_v be_v many_o way_n profitable_a especial_o in_o the_o topographicall_a part_n yet_o shall_v we_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o common_a german_a mile_n or_o the_o common_a italian_a mile_n to_o which_o as_o the_o most_o know_v the_o rest_n may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v 3_o the_o object_n here_o propose_v to_o be_v measure_v be_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o dimension_n according_a to_o which_o it_o be_v measure_v be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_v 4_o the_o simple_a be_v twofold_a either_o the_o perimeter_n or_o the_o diameter_n the_o perimeter_n otherwise_o call_v the_o circumference_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n measure_v the_o earth_n round_o about_o 5_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v on_o these_o follow_a proposition_n 1_o if_o two_o or_o more_o circle_n be_v draw_v about_o the_o same_o centre_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n be_v draw_v two_o right_a line_n the_o arch_n of_o all_o the_o circle_n comprehend_v within_o the_o say_v right_a line_n will_v be_v like_a and_o proportional_a one_o to_o the_o other_o this_o proposition_n be_v mere_o geometrical_a be_v take_v here_o as_o a_o ground_n without_o far_a demonstration_n whereof_o if_o any_o man_n doubt_v he_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o clavius_n commentary_n upon_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n this_o principle_n grant_v will_v beget_v these_o two_o consectary_n 1_o as_o one_o degree_n be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o correspondent_a mile_n or_o furlong_n so_o all_o degree_n of_o the_o circle_n to_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n or_o furlong_n measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o wherefore_o one_o degree_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v know_v by_o his_o number_n of_o mile_n or_o furlong_n the_o whole_a circumference_n may_v be_v find_v out_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o consequence_n every_o arithmetician_n can_v easy_o show_v out_o of_o the_o golden_a rule_n the_o chief_a point_n then_o
many_o mile_n such_o place_n be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o for_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v the_o city_n seville_a on_o the_o southmost_a part_n of_o spain_n and_o bilbao_n on_o the_o north-side_n the_o space_n betwixt_o those_o place_n be_v take_v with_o a_o thread_n or_o a_o compass_n and_o apply_v to_o one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n will_v contain_v about_o 6_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 360_o and_o so_o many_o mile_n those_o city_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geographie_n the_o second_o book_n contain_v the_o general_a topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n genes_n 1._o vers_fw-la 10._o and_o god_n call_v the_o dry-land_n earth_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n call_v the_o sea_n and_o god_n see_v that_o it_o be_v good_a oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a philip_n earl_n of_o mountgomerie_n etc._n etc._n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o steward_z of_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o geographical_a treatise_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n be_v in_o the_o very_a birth_n in_o such_o sort_n consecrate_v to_o your_o inestimable_a brother_n as_o notwithstanding_o it_o so_o far_o reserve_v itself_o to_o await_v your_o honour_n favour_n that_o both_o may_v seem_v as_o to_o share_v a_o part_n so_o to_o challenge_v the_o whole_a in_o my_o poor_a industry_n the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o some_o philosopher_n imagine_v to_o be_v all_o in_o all_o &_o all_o in_o every_o part_n seem_v to_o i_o no_o where_o better_o resemble_v then_o in_o your_o generous_a fraternity_n wherein_o the_o soul_n of_o heroical_a magnificence_n though_o individed_a in_o itself_o so_o entire_o communicate_v herself_o to_o either_o that_o both_o may_v seem_v at_o once_o to_o enjoy_v her_o presence_n while_o neither_o want_n if_o this_o my_o bold_a attempt_n in_o present_v to_o your_o honour_n hand_n these_o unworthy_a labour_n without_o any_o former_a reference_n may_v be_v interpret_v intrusion_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o ingenuity_n to_o pretend_v that_o your_o generous_a love_n unto_o our_o poor_a college_n and_o the_o respective_a duty_n wherein_o the_o college_n always_o stand_v oblige_v unto_o your_o honour_n command_v my_o pen_n beyond_o manner_n or_o ability_n your_o affection_n to_o our_o house_n can_v no_o way_n express_v itself_o ample_a than_o by_o trust_v our_o custody_n with_o the_o charge_n of_o your_o choice_a jewel_n d._n a_o gentleman_n of_o that_o towardly_a wit_n and_o sweet_a disposition_n that_o learning_n and_o morality_n common_o repute_v the_o daughter_n of_o time_n seem_v in_o he_o scarce_o behold_v to_o year_n and_o to_o challenge_v a_o precedency_n before_o experience_n in_o so_o much_o that_o our_o ancient_a mother_n mark_v out_o with_o all_o the_o character_n of_o age_n and_o decline_a weakness_n cherish_v in_o her_o bosom_n this_o young_a darling_n seem_v to_o resume_v her_o youthful_a habit_n and_o triumph_v over_o time_n and_o ruin_n this_o happiness_n among_o diverse_a other_o vouchsafe_v by_o your_o honour_n to_o the_o place_n for_o who_o good_a opinion_n the_o best_a part_n of_o my_o endeavour_n stand_v engage_v have_v encourage_v my_o hope_n to_o promise_v i_o your_o indulgent_a acceptance_n of_o this_o slender_a piece_n long_o since_o intend_v and_o devote_a as_o myself_o unto_o your_o service_n in_o which_o confidence_n fear_v any_o long_o to_o trespass_n on_o your_o serious_a and_o high_a employment_n indebt_v to_o your_o king_n and_o country_n i_o humble_o rest_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o geography_n according_a to_o the_o special_a theorem_a chap._n i._o of_o topography_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_a habitable_a pag._n 4_o 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a mutation_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n pag._n 6_o 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v in_o habit_v 11_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n by_o the_o diameter_n both_o according_a to_o breadth_n and_o length_n 15_o 2_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o 17_o 3_o the_o measure_v of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n be_v deceitful_a and_o subject_a to_o great_a error_n 17_o 4_o those_o region_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n 19_o 5_o how_o country_n be_v bound_v 20_o 6_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a ibid._n 7_o equal_a bound_n contain_v not_o always_o equal_a region_n 21_o 8_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o region_n ibid._n 9_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n 21_o 10_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n as_o variation_n and_o declination_n 26_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n before_o discover_v 27_o 12_o the_o declination_n of_o a_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v be_v find_v yet_o not_o without_o some_o error_n 29_o 13_o of_o the_o external_a adjunct_n of_o the_o air_n belong_v to_o a_o place_n ibid._n 14_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n 30_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n 34_o 2_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n 38_o 3_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_v general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n 39_o 4_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v the_o masculine_a the_o southern_a the_o feminine_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n 40_o 5_o of_o the_o diverse_a section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o the_o several_a quality_n belong_v to_o they_o 43_o 6_o of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n 51_o 7_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n be_v happy_a than_o the_o other_o 52_o 8_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n can_v work_v any_o difference_n in_o two_o place_n by_o any_o diversity_n of_o the_o heaven_n 53_o 9_o of_o the_o subdivision_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n 54_o 10_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o same_o latitude_n be_v better_o than_o those_o place_n towards_o the_o west_n ibid._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o description_n of_o region_n 1_o of_o the_o find_n out_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n by_o some_o dioptricke_a instrument_n at_o two_o or_o more_o station_n 57_o 2_o at_o one_o station_n by_o opticall_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o 59_o 3_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o translation_n of_o region_n into_o the_o chart._n 61_o 4_o to_o set_v down_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n in_o a_o particular_a chart._n 62_o 5_o how_o to_o set_v down_o city_n castle_n mountain_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o chart._n 64_o 6_o of_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n in_o the_o chart._n 65_o 7_o the_o use_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chart._n ibid._n chap._n v._o of_o hydrography_n and_o the_o absolute_a adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n 70_o 2_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n 75_o 3_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v 79_o 4_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o other_o water_n 80_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 82_o 2_o all_o sâ—aâ—_n do_v not_o ebb_v and_o flow_v alike_o nor_o the_o same_o at_o all_o time_n
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o 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according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v endeavour_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o return_v to_o her_o former_a state_n and_o condition_n now_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v sensible_o suffer_v such_o a_o change_n since_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v out_o of_o experiment_n the_o cause_n we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v the_o water_n aswell_o of_o the_o rain_n as_o rivers_n which_o we_o shall_v demonstrate_v by_o these_o reason_n 1_o we_o see_v river_n by_o little_a and_o little_a continual_o to_o fret_v and_o eat_v out_o the_o foot_n of_o mountain_n whence_o the_o part_n thus_o fret_v through_o by_o continual_a fall_v down_o wear_v out_o the_o mountain_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o low_a place_n in_o the_o valley_n make_v the_o one_o to_o increase_v as_o the_o other_o to_o decrease_v &_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o approach_v near_o to_o a_o spherical_a figure_n then_o before_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o place_n in_o job_n 14_o where_o he_o say_v 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we_o call_v it_o natural_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o issue_v and_o arise_v from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o understand_v which_o clause_n the_o better_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_a end_n or_o scope_n to_o which_o she_o be_v direct_v second_o in_o respect_n of_o her_o secundary_a intent_n or_o purpose_n as_o that_o which_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o former_a true_a it_o be_v that_o every_o terrene_a body_n according_a to_o nature_n first_o intention_n seek_v and_o work_v it_o be_v own_o perfection_n and_o conservation_n nevertheless_o according_a to_o her_o secundary_a intent_n it_o concurre_v to_o the_o perfection_n and_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n or_o clodd_n of_o earth_n which_o separate_v 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inclination_n we_o understand_v first_o the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n with_o all_o other_o body_n arise_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o air_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o natural_a comformity_n to_o the_o same_o centre_n we_o may_v well_o term_v a_o earthly_a body_n it_o be_v common_o report_v that_o the_o air_n be_v lâ—ght_v and_o therefore_o carry_v upward_o not_o incline_v at_o all_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o element_n be_v but_o this_o assertion_n although_o bolster_v up_o both_o with_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n i_o take_v either_o to_o be_v false_a or_o misunderstand_v and_o that_o i_o speak_v no_o more_o herein_o than_o i_o can_v prove_v i_o will_v produce_v some_o reason_n strong_a enough_o as_o i_o think_v to_o persuade_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n have_v a_o due_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o therefore_o will_v i_o produce_v this_o experiment_n when_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a trench_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o trench_n or_o concavity_n or_o else_o a_o void_a space_n be_v leave_v unfurnished_a of_o any_o natural_a body_n to_o fill_v it_o if_o they_o admit_v the_o latter_a they_o will_v consequent_o bring_v in_o again_o that_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n which_o arist._n and_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n have_v long_a since_o proscribe_v the_o confine_n of_o nature_n if_o they_o affirm_v the_o former_a that_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o empty_a space_n i_o will_v ask_v again_o whether_o this_o descent_n of_o the_o air_n be_v violent_a or_o natural_a if_o they_o say_v natural_a they_o admit_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n natural_o descend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v heavy_a and_o not_o light_a by_o nature_n neither_o according_a to_o our_o peripateticall-philosophy_n can_v we_o ascribe_v more_o than_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n general_o receive_v among_o aristotelean_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v claim_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n much_o less_o one_o simple_a form_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n can_v produce_v two_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a motion_n such_o as_o be_v ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o light_v on_o the_o other_o member_n of_o our_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o this_o sort_n be_v violent_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v have_v some_o external_a cause_n or_o principle_n whence_o it_o shall_v proceed_v because_o all_o such_o motion_n proceed_v from_o external_a cause_n but_o here_o no_o such_o cause_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n will_v be_v either_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o make_v hollow_a or_o the_o emptiness_n or_o vacuum_n or_o at_o least_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v first_o because_o no_o philosopher_n have_v ever_o show_v any_o such_o attractive_a power_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n by_o most_o have_v be_v think_v opposite_a in_o nature_n and_o repugnant_a one_o to_o the_o other_o second_o because_o philosophy_n teach_v that_o no_o agent_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a patient_n except_o there_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o some_o means_n but_o hear_v in_o this_o supposition_n the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o air_n which_o as_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o that_o this_o external_a cause_n be_v not_o the_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n be_v plain_a because_o it_o
be_v never_o grant_v to_o have_v any_o being_n or_o existence_n much_o less_o any_o causality_n in_o nature_n some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v that_o not_o the_o vacuum_n itself_o but_o the_o evitation_n and_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v interpret_v a_o cause_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v not_o answer_v for_o we_o seek_v not_o a_o final_a but_o a_o efficient_a cause_n and_o a_o curious_a searcher_n into_o nature_n will_v hardly_o rest_v in_o a_o mere_a final_a cause_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n precede_v the_o effect_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v than_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n then_o must_v enquiry_n be_v make_v again_o what_o the_o agent_n shall_v be_v and_o so_o will_v the_o problem_n rest_v uncleer_v 1._o because_o one_o parcel_n of_o the_o air_n can_v not_o move_v another_o except_z the_o same_o be_v first_o move_v itself_o and_o so_o a_o new_a agent_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v find_v out_o 2_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o patient_a aught_o to_o be_v two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a body_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n meet_v together_o become_v one_o continuate_a body_n no_o shift_n be_v there_o leave_v for_o these_o philosopher_n but_o one_o distinction_n wherein_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o universal_a and_o special_a form_n the_o air_n as_o they_o affirm_v according_a to_o his_o special_a form_n ascend_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o by_o the_o universal_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n it_o may_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o contrary_a motion_n as_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n in_o which_o distinction_n they_o suppose_v they_o have_v cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o contrary_a reason_n but_o who_o so_o understand_v himself_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o as_o a_o weak_a reed_n to_o hurt_v his_o hand_n which_o rest_v on_o it_o for_o a_o second_o enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v what_o this_o universal_a form_n shall_v be_v for_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v of_o necessity_n either_o a_o internal_a form_n or_o nature_n or_o a_o external_a resultancie_n and_o harmony_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n if_o they_o understand_v this_o latter_a it_o can_v any_o way_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n because_o it_o follow_v and_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o motion_n concur_v with_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o way_n precede_v it_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n every_o cause_n be_v to_o go_v before_o his_o effect_n second_o this_o universal_a form_n or_o nature_n compare_v with_o the_o special_a there_o will_v arise_v a_o subordination_n and_o not_o a_o coordination_n or_o opposition_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o special_a be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o general_a or_o universal_a but_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effâ—â—ts_n but_o here_o we_o see_v the_o effect_n or_o motion_n to_o be_v quite_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o universal_a form_n be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n ascribe_v to_o the_o special_a nature_n three_o these_o philosopher_n urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n to_o preserve_v the_o universe_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n thereof_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o earthly_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o every_o such_o body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o seek_v first_o the_o safeguard_n and_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o secondary_o by_o the_o safeguard_n of_o itself_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o how_o can_v any_o part_n when_o it_o neglect_v its_o own_o safety_n endeavour_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a since_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o one_o compound_v of_o many_o part_n and_o therefore_o can_v it_o not_o be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o disorder_n and_o disharmony_n of_o one_o part_n shall_v prejudice_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a frame_n if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o other_o part_n and_o grant_v this_o universal_a form_n to_o be_v internal_a many_o reason_n stand_v opposite_a for_o first_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v it_o can_v be_v simple_a because_o it_o will_v always_o produce_v one_o simple_a and_o uniform_a effect_n but_o experience_n have_v tâ—ught_v the_o contrary_a because_o we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v the_o air_n to_o descend_v but_o sometime_o to_o move_v oblique_o to_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o as_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n by_o a_o door_n or_o window_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o compound_n form_n because_o all_o form_n the_o more_o universal_a they_o be_v the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v because_o the_o special_a include_v more_o composition_n than_o the_o general_a moreover_o all_o compound_a substance_n arise_v out_o of_o simple_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v first_o in_o nature_n second_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v una_fw-la numero_fw-la the_o self_n same_o individual_a in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o body_n or_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_a body_n it_o can_v be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o body_n because_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n the_o whole_a universe_n be_v not_o one_o continuate_a body_n compose_v of_o essential_a part_n but_o rather_o a_o heap_n or_o mass_n collect_v and_o digest_v out_o of_o many_o body_n second_o the_o form_n be_v thus_o one_o individual_a will_v be_v singular_a or_o special_a not_o universal_a if_o they_o affirm_v that_o this_o form_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o body_n it_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n or_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n for_o this_o motion_n as_o they_o suppose_v be_v destine_v and_o appoint_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o comfort_v nature_n in_o her_o distress_n when_o she_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o rupture_n or_o dissolution_n but_o how_o can_v this_o form_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o aerial_a superficies_n perceive_v or_o feel_v this_o exigence_n of_o nature_n in_o other_o body_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v say_v in_o this_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o not_o warrant_v by_o any_o sound_a demonstration_n a_o second_o reason_n for_o the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n from_o which_o we_o may_v enforce_v a_o true_a conclusion_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o portion_n of_o air_n by_o some_o violence_n to_o be_v carry_v above_o his_o proper_a orb_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o space_n which_o by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n near_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o will_v here_o demand_v whether_o this_o portion_n of_o air_n thus_o transpose_v will_v ascend_v high_o or_o descend_v low_a or_o rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o can_v not_o ascend_v high_o first_o because_o in_o this_o wise_a it_o shall_v be_v move_v far_o out_o of_o his_o own_o place_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n all_o body_n transpose_v from_o their_o proper_a place_n have_v a_o aptness_n or_o inclination_n to_o return_v again_o to_o their_o proper_a seat_n and_o not_o to_o rove_v far_o off_o second_o this_o grant_v the_o air_n shall_v invade_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o element_n shall_v suffer_v a_o confusion_n which_o aristotle_n hold_v absurd_a three_o there_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o that_o high_a orb_n any_o point_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v direct_v his_o motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n find_v or_o it_o must_v be_v very_o irregular_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o separate_v shall_v descend_v i_o ask_v again_o whether_o they_o hold_v this_o motion_n natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a place_n and_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o element_n be_v always_o account_v natural_a last_o of_o all_o it_o can_v rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n because_o all_o body_n force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v must_v needs_o return_v unto_o their_o proper_a place_n wherefore_o no_o other_o start_a hole_n be_v here_o leave_v to_o our_o opposite_n but_o that_o they_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n common_o follow_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o red-hot-iron_n which_o burn_v and_o scorch_v more_o than_o flame_n or_o coal_n because_o every_o part_n have_v more_o degree_n or_o heat_n now_o where_o more_o part_n be_v close_o press_v together_o the_o heat_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o fervent_a i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o this_o subject_n because_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o broach_v a_o new_a opinion_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o conclude_v all_o and_o come_v as_o near_o the_o receive_a opinion_n as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o absolute_o in_o itself_o second_o in_o comparison_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o wit_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n i_o grant_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n in_o the_o air_n because_o out_o of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v 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obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o motion_n challenge_v no_o other_o cause_n or_o beginning_n then_o their_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o to_o regulate_v and_o confine_v this_o motion_n for_o nature_n which_o begin_v any_o action_n or_o motion_n be_v able_a of_o herself_o to_o set_v limit_n and_o bound_n unto_o it_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o external_a agent_n final_o not_o to_o continue_v this_o motion_n for_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o philosophy_n every_o natural_a agent_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v still_o act_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o external_a coadiutor_n to_o continue_v his_o action_n for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o grow_v weary_a and_o faint_a in_o their_o intend_a course_n second_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o resistance_n in_o the_o body_n move_v they_o contradict_v their_o own_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o high_a orb_n do_v turn_v and_o wrest_v about_o the_o low_a i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ—_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o 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have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o 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so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n for_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sâ—a_n and_o land_n one_o with_o the_o other_o he_o firm_o maintain_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v and_o restrain_v from_o overflow_a the_o dry_a land_n by_o the_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o creator_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o need_v there_o any_o ascent_n or_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o water_n by_o any_o external_a power_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n since_o the_o remit_v of_o this_o restraint_n of_o waterâ—_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v such_o spring_n and_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n second_o his_o opinion_n can_v stand_v without_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o himself_o for_o how_o can_v the_o water_n be_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n heavy_a be_v draw_v upward_o without_o violence_n and_o thwart_a of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o he_o allege_n for_o himself_o a_o obedientiall_a aptness_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n to_o obey_v the_o superior_a he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o contrary_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o proceed_v then_o from_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a cause_n second_o this_o obedientiall_a aptness_n be_v common_o understand_v of_o a_o creature_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o creator_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v as_o to_o create_v all_o thing_n of_o nothing_o so_o to_o reduce_v all_o thing_n again_o into_o nothing_o but_o this_o although_o it_o be_v above_o nature_n yet_o no_o way_n contradict_v nature_n and_o easy_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o creator_n shall_v annihilate_v any_o creature_n then_o let_v it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n give_v it_o a_o motion_n against_o nature_n moreover_o 〈◊〉_d we_o due_o consider_v nature_n in_o her_o course_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o low_a &_o elemental_a body_n only_o concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o one_o another_o by_o follow_v their_o own_o private_a inclination_n for_o the_o whole_a be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v â—o_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o persuade_v because_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n expel_v their_o heat_n they_o shall_v harden_v &_o condensate_a &_o be_v dispose_v at_o last_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n whence_o also_o the_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d give_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o thence_o breed_v aswell_o for_o other_o cause_n as_o for_o that_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v sometime_o too_o hot_a and_o the_o vapour_n be_v too_o much_o attenuate_v and_o ratify_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o rain_n can_v be_v always_o supply_v this_o will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v first_o distil_v as_o it_o be_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o this_o vapourous_a matter_n and_o this_o moist_a matter_n so_o collect_v and_o draw_v together_o shall_v afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a
of_o his_o eye_n much_o incline_v to_o black_a now_o if_o we_o will_v beleeâ—â—_n aristotle_v in_o his_o problem_n the_o gray_a colour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o very_a great_a argument_n of_o heat_n but_o the_o blackish_a colour_n â—rgues_v the_o want_n of_o heat_n those_o which_o dwell_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o eye_n of_o a_o darke-blew_a which_o colour_n be_v apparent_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o goat_n which_o as_o pliny_n write_v be_v never_o purblind_a or_o dim_a of_o sight_n many_o special_a argument_n beside_o those_o before_o mention_v be_v produce_v to_o show_v â—he_v northern_a man_n to_o surpass_v in_o moisture_n as_o the_o other_o in_o drought_n the_o first_o may_v be_v take_v from_o their_o voice_n which_o in_o the_o scythian_a or_o northern_a man_n be_v tend_v to_o hoarsenes_n but_o in_o the_o african_n very_o sharp_a and_o shrill_a as_o in_o the_o ethiopian_n &_o carthaginian_n and_o the_o most_o southerly_a spaniard_n that_o this_o difference_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o want_n of_o it_o in_o the_o other_o may_v as_o easy_o be_v persuade_v because_o we_o observe_v woman_n which_o be_v moist_a than_o man_n to_o have_v sharp_a &_o shrill_a voice_n also_o that_o too_o much_o moisture_n in_o wood_n or_o mettle_n make_v the_o sound_n of_o it_o very_o hoarse_a and_o harsh_a as_o we_o see_v in_o lead_n whereas_o other_o metal_n give_v a_o shrill_a sound_n another_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o their_o extraordinary_a sweat_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o northern_a man_n travail_v towards_o the_o soâ—th_n or_o war_a in_o hot_a country_n be_v like_a to_o faint_v and_o perish_v through_o extraordinary_a sweat_v as_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o marius_n record_v of_o the_o moist_a body_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o three_o it_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a which_o tacitus_n relate_v of_o the_o german_a nation_n that_o they_o love_v sloth_n and_o yet_o â—ate_z rest_n because_o as_o in_o child_n the_o natural_a heat_n provoke_v they_o to_o action_n but_o the_o moisture_n procure_v softness_n whence_o they_o must_v either_o fight_v or_o sleep_v hence_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n make_v account_n if_o they_o can_v suffer_v or_o withstand_v the_o fâ—rst_a or_o seconâ—_o assault_n of_o the_o french_a or_o german_n easy_o to_o vanquish_v they_o because_o as_o mariâ—â—_n and_o caesar_n observe_v of_o the_o french_a thaâ—_n in_o the_o first_o assault_n they_o show_v themselves_o more_o than_o man_n in_o the_o second_o less_o than_o woman_n a_o four_o reason_n not_o inferior_a to_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o soâ—t_n body_n of_o the_o germâ—ns_n and_o scythians_n not_o any_o way_n patient_a of_o labour_n hunger_n and_o thirst_n although_o very_a sâ—rong_a and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o sudden_a encounter_n or_o venture_v on_o a_o warlike_a exploit_n the_o contrary_a in_o all_o shall_v we_o find_v in_o the_o southern_a man_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v weâ—l_o collect_v that_o he_o enjoy_v a_o contrary_a tempeâ—_n beside_o all_o which_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v this_o assertion_n more_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o these_o subsequent_a theorem_n 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v more_o natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_a to_o law_n and_o civility_n there_o be_v find_v three_o kind_n of_o discipline_n which_o usual_o invade_v and_o occupy_v the_o mind_n and_o faculty_n of_o man_n the_o first_o be_v mechanical_a and_o external_a operation_n the_o which_o be_v project_v in_o the_o intellectual_a part_n yet_o receive_v theiâ—_n perfection_n from_o the_o hand_n and_o external_a organ_n such_o as_o be_v artillery_n make_v of_o ordinance_n cast_v of_o metal_n and_o chemical_a invention_n print_v and_o the_o like_a arts._n the_o second_o be_v contemplation_n separate_a &_o remove_v from_o external_a operation_n the_o three_o as_o the_o mean_a betwixt_o both_o be_v civil_a and_o moral_a discipline_n who_o act_n and_o perfection_n consist_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n establish_v and_o govern_v of_o state_n prescribe_v and_o maintain_v of_o divine_a worship_n with_o other_o matter_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n these_o gift_n it_o pleaâ—ed_v god_n so_o to_o distribute_v to_o mankind_n that_o the_o former_a shall_v be_v most_o appropriate_a to_o the_o northern_a man_n the_o second_o to_o the_o southern_a the_o three_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o one_o shall_v need_v and_o not_o envy_v the_o other_o perfection_n all_o which_o we_o shâ—ll_v demonstrate_v first_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o cause_n and_o ground_n second_o out_o of_o the_o effect_n the_o cause_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a wherein_o we_o have_v ascribe_v to_o the_o northern_a man_n abundance_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o chief_a aide_n of_o the_o imagination_n on_o which_o mechanical_a faculty_n depend_v also_o their_o plenty_n of_o blood_n and_o humour_n distemper_a their_o mind_n they_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n less_o give_v to_o contemplation_n the_o southern_a man_n have_v cold_a and_o dry_a brain_n be_v of_o great_a understanding_n in_o contemplative_a matter_n be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o melancholy_a abstract_n from_o external_a operation_n the_o middle_a temper_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o humour_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o mother_n oâ—_n a_o middle_a discipline_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v that_o which_o concern_v manner_n law_n and_o religion_n here_o some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o reduce_v these_o three_o kind_n of_o people_n to_o three_o planet_n answerable_a to_o these_o 3_o disposition_n over_o â—he_v southern_a people_n they_o set_v saturn_n the_o northern_a they_o commit_v to_o the_o government_n of_o mars_n the_o middle_a inhabitant_n to_o jupiter_n the_o power_n of_o saturn_n according_a to_o the_o chaldean_n consist_v in_o contemplation_n of_o jupiter_n in_o practical_a action_n of_o mars_n in_o artificial_a operation_n which_o 3_o property_n may_v be_v well_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n nature_n best_a interpreter_n for_o saturn_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o quiet_a because_o nothing_o better_o befit_v the_o nature_n of_o contemplation_n then_o retire_v quietness_n jupiter_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o just_o which_o the_o grecian_n have_v receive_v from_o these_o hebrew_n they_o feign_v jupiter_n to_o be_v the_o god_n of_o justice._n mars_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v strong_a or_o puissant_a for_o which_o cause_n the_o chaldean_n and_o the_o greclan_n will_v have_v mars_n the_o god_n of_o war_n to_o saturn_n they_o ascribe_v cold_a to_o mars_n heat_n to_o jupiter_n a_o temperature_n betwixt_o both_o to_o the_o first_o they_o impute_v the_o invention_n of_o science_n and_o such_o as_o concern_v contemplation_n to_o the_o second_o practical_a prudence_n to_o the_o three_o art_n and_o workmanship_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v from_o the_o understanding_n the_o second_o from_o practical_a discourse_n the_o last_o from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fantasy_n but_o to_o come_v near_o the_o matter_n and_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o northern_a man_n who_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o most_o mechanical_a invention_n as_o of_o gun_n print_v the_o art_n of_o liquefaction_n chimistrie_n with_o infinite_a other_o excellent_a arts._n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n be_v use_v to_o send_v over_o for_o britain_n and_o german_n as_o for_o those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o heavenly_a gift_n in_o the_o invention_n of_o veiâ—es_n of_o metal_n under_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o the_o open_n and_o well_o order_v of_o suâ—h_a mine_n let_v any_o man_n cast_v his_o eye_n on_o england_n the_o neither-land_n germany_n he_o shall_v find_v the_o inhabitant_n general_o either_o as_o the_o scholar_n and_o darling_n of_o mars_n wield_v their_o sword_n or_o as_o pioner_n level_v of_o mountain_n or_o as_o ingmer_n contrive_v the_o course_n of_o water_n or_o hunt_v in_o the_o wood_n or_o plough_v in_o the_o field_n or_o look_v to_o their_o flock_n on_o the_o mountain_n or_o work_v in_o their_o shop_n or_o at_o least_o set_v upon_o some_o external_a work_n or_o other_o that_o their_o wit_n as_o bodin_n merry_o speak_v may_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n from_o whence_o come_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ouâ—_n several_a sort_n of_o stuff_n our_o choice_n work_v in_o wood_n mettle_n ivory_n our_o variety_n of_o instrument_n from_o the_o italian_a or_o spaniard_n no_o
pardon_n on_o her_o knee_n thou_o be_v a_o mirror_n by_o reflection_n teach_v to_o feign_v defect_n yet_o guilty_a art_n of_o naught_o thy_o steward_n which_o by_o thy_o indulgence_n thrive_v be_v they_o as_o just_a as_o thou_o be_v free_a to_o give_v we_o all_o may_v share_v a_o portion_n of_o that_o store_n which_o now_o thy_o son_n deserve_v thy_o slave_n devour_v thy_o will_n be_v seldom_o measure_a by_o the_o law_n but_o power_n who_o greatness_n thy_o edict_n can_v awe_v slight_v thy_o decree_n o_o will_v imperial_a jove_n but_o once_o descend_v from_o his_o high_a court_n above_o to_o see_v thy_o innocent_a and_o maiden_n hand_n by_o thy_o own_o servant_n base_o shut_v in_o band_n these_o caterpillar_n by_o his_o three-forkt_a ray_n will_v soon_o be_v scorch_a from_o ofâ—_n thy_o sacred_a bay_n and_o thou_o restore_v unto_o that_o pristine-hue_n which_o ancient_a time_n admire_v we_o never_o know_v all_o this_o time_n as_o in_o a_o fit_a of_o frenzy_n i_o have_v speak_v i_o scarce_o know_v what_o myself_o i_o fear_v i_o too_o much_o to_z or_o of_o my_o country_n and_o university_n and_o too_o little_a for_o the_o present_a purpose_n now_o as_o one_o sudden_o awake_v out_o of_o sleep_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o a_o dream_n i_o remember_v the_o occasion_n we_o have_v all_o a_o semel_fw-la insanivimus_fw-la and_o as_o a_o learned_a man_n of_o this_o university_n seem_v to_o maintain_v no_o man_n have_v ever_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o this_o imputation_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v my_o reader_n will_v pardon_v i_o this_o once_o if_o in_o such_o a_o general_a concourse_n and_o conspiracy_n of_o mad_a man_n i_o sometime_o show_v myself_o mad_a for_o company_n 3_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a the_o cause_n of_o this_o disparity_n be_v apparent_a because_o a_o quiet_a mind_n and_o apt_a for_o contemplation_n can_v be_v in_o such_o a_o man_n as_o be_v perpetual_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o for_o no_o man_n can_v well_o contemplate_v except_o he_o have_v his_o mind_n purge_v and_o free_a from_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o it_o be_v note_v by_o physiognomer_n that_o wise_a man_n be_v slow_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o body_n and_o mind_n whereas_o mad_a and_o frantic_a man_n be_v always_o busy_v in_o body_n and_o mind_n hence_o a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o mariner_n and_o seaman_n be_v continual_o toss_v with_o the_o wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o barbarous_a inhuman_a and_o inconstant_a another_o reason_n of_o this_o inconstancy_n and_o change_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o diversity_n of_o wind_n for_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n affect_v the_o air_n and_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o be_v diverse_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o diverse_a region_n from_o whence_o it_o blow_v what_o cause_n soever_o be_v imagine_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o people_n in_o windy_a region_n have_v be_v more_o warlike_a though_o perhaps_o less_o humane_a as_o in_o thracia_n france_n circassia_n lybia_n portugal_n persia_n noruegia_n and_o polonia_n but_o in_o place_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n where_o the_o wind_n have_v a_o less_o domination_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o more_o tractable_a but_o less_o valiant_a as_o asyria_n asia_n minor_fw-la italy_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o egypt_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o people_n of_o gallia_n narâ—onensis_n aquitany_n and_o provence_n in_o france_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o most_o warlike_a although_o situate_v in_o a_o more_o southern_a tract_n be_v daily_o infest_a partly_o by_o the_o vulturnus_n partly_o by_o the_o corus_n which_o in_o these_o part_n have_v great_a power_n 4_o sea-borderer_n be_v general_o more_o witty_a and_o adorn_v with_o more_o knowledge_n than_o inlanders_n though_o subject_a to_o great_a vice_n that_o art_n civility_n and_o many_o invention_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o increase_n seem_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n for_o since_o all_o nation_n have_v not_o find_v out_o all_o art_n and_o invention_n it_o must_v follow_v necessary_o that_o they_o have_v be_v propagate_v by_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v many_o time_n that_o sea-borderer_n by_o conference_n with_o outlandish_a people_n have_v get_v that_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o thing_n for_o which_o other_o have_v with_o great_a cost_n and_o danger_n adventure_v on_o long_a and_o tedious_a travail_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o themistoâ—les_n will_v have_v a_o city_n depend_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o as_o caelius_n rhodoginus_n imagine_v that_o he_o may_v transfer_v the_o power_n from_o the_o nobility_n to_o the_o shipmaster_n thus_o we_o find_v science_n and_o learning_n to_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o chaldean_n to_o the_o egyptian_n from_o the_o egyptian_n to_o the_o phaenician_o from_o they_o to_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o in_o our_o day_n every_o man_n can_v speak_v how_o much_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o venetian_n spaniard_n hollander_n english_a and_o portugall_n have_v effect_v in_o both_o indies_n in_o traffic_v with_o they_o derive_v together_o with_o their_o merchandise_n much_o of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n and_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o islander_n and_o sea-bordering_a people_n have_v excel_v the_o inland_a nation_n in_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n so_o also_o in_o vice_n which_o stand_v with_o reason_n whether_o we_o ascribe_v it_o to_o their_o natural_a wit_n or_o condition_n of_o life_n or_o education_n for_o the_o great_a wit_n be_v common_o match_v with_o the_o great_a vice_n as_o depend_v on_o such_o a_o temper_n of_o the_o brain_n who_o small_a change_n may_v beget_v madness_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n nullum_fw-la magnum_fw-la ingenium_fw-la sine_fw-la mixtura_fw-la insaniae_fw-la also_o art_n and_o science_n turn_v to_o the_o worst_a use_n become_v more_o dangerous_a then_o naked_a simplicity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v fear_v more_o than_o arm_a fury_n this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o plato_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr republica_n warn_v man_n to_o avoid_v the_o sea_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o wickedness_n which_o be_v second_v by_o strabo_n who_o derive_v the_o offspring_n of_o robbery_n pillage_n and_o murder_n from_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o argument_n the_o old_a athenian_n be_v induce_v to_o draw_v the_o inhabitant_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v from_o sea-trafficke_n to_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o come_v at_o first_o as_o some_o imagine_v that_o fable_n of_o neptune_n strive_v with_o minerva_n for_o victory_n against_o who_o she_o prevail_v by_o show_v the_o judge_n a_o mandrake_n apple_n as_o a_o especial_a rarity_n of_o the_o land_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_a and_o education_n 1_o in_o the_o three_o place_n there_o may_v be_v a_o diversity_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o disposition_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o offspring_n or_o their_o education_n in_o the_o former_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o nation_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v from_o their_o first_o stock_n and_o original_n by_o the_o first_o stock_n and_o original_n of_o nation_n we_o understand_v not_o here_o either_o the_o first_o offspring_n from_o the_o loin_n of_o adam_n or_o the_o second_o from_o noah_n because_o these_o two_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o can_v vary_v the_o several_a disposition_n of_o people_n but_o the_o more_o mediate_a or_o special_a stock_n whence_o they_o spring_v which_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o small_a power_n in_o the_o nature_n and_o temper_n of_o posterity_n in_o this_o offspring_n two_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o how_o people_n suffer_v a_o alteration_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o several_a transplantation_n second_o in_o the_o mixture_n of_o colony_n both_o which_o we_o will_v show_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o colony_n transplant_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_o remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n all_o mutation_n require_v a_o certain_a distance_n of_o time_n sith_o no_o motion_n according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v in_o a_o instant_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o small_a time_n can_v alter_v the_o natural_a complexion_n of_o man_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o child_n for_o the_o most_o part_n derive_v their_o nature_n from_o their_o parent_n and_o every_o man_n constitution_n be_v common_o radical_o ground_v and_o not_o easy_o subject_a to_o external_a change_n thus_o we_o see_v the_o child_n of_o blackmore_n be_v transplant_v into_o europe_n for_o diverse_a descent_n to_o