benefit_n of_o other_o illiberality_n the_o contrary_a magnanimity_n be_v a_o virtue_n that_o excite_v we_o to_o do_v great_a action_n pusillanimity_n the_o contrary_a magnificence_n be_v a_o virtue_n that_o consist_v in_o the_o sumptuousness_n of_o expense_n of_o which_o pinch_v and_o narrow-sould_a parsimony_n be_v the_o contrary_a prudence_n be_v a_o vettue_n of_o reason_n enable_v we_o right_o to_o deliberate_v of_o evil_n and_o those_o blesliâ—gs_n that_o pertain_v to_o happiness_n and_o let_v this_o suffice_v in_o general_a at_o present_a concern_v virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o the_o part_n of_o both_o and_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o fall_v under_o a_o easy_a consideration_n for_o of_o necessity_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o virtue_n must_v be_v honest_a as_o relate_v to_o virtue_n and_o be_v produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o mark_n and_o work_n of_o virtue_n now_o because_o the_o mark_n and_o such_o like_a whatever_o they_o be_v which_o be_v the_o act_n and_o suffering_n of_o a_o good_a man_n of_o necessity_n whatever_o be_v the_o act_n or_o sign_n of_o fortitude_n or_o whatever_o be_v act_v courageous_o be_v noble_a and_o honest_a and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o the_o sign_n and_o act_n of_o justice_n but_o not_o in_o the_o suffering_n for_o in_o this_o one_o virtue_n alone_o not_o always_o that_o which_o be_v just_o be_v honest_a and_o laudable_a for_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o ignominy_n to_o be_v condemn_v if_o just_o then_o unjust_o and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o where_o honour_n be_v the_o reward_n those_o thing_n be_v virtuous_a and_o laudable_a as_o also_o where_o honour_n rather_o than_o money_n and_o whatsoever_o among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v desirable_a which_o a_o man_n act_v not_o for_o his_o own_o sake_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v simple_o good_a and_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n act_n for_o his_o country_n sake_n contemn_v his_o own_o interest_n and_o which_o be_v natural_o good_a and_o which_o be_v good_a but_o not_o to_o himself_o for_o what_o be_v good_a to_o himself_o he_o act_v for_o his_o own_o sake_n and_o which_o attend_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o dead_a rather_o than_o the_o live_n for_o where_o same_o and_o honour_n attend_v the_o live_n they_o seem_v to_o act_v rather_o for_o their_o own_o sake_n also_o whatever_o act_n be_v do_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o praise_n for_o these_o be_v do_v less_o for_o a_o man_n be_v own_o sake_n also_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v serviceable_a and_o prositable_a not_o to_o himself_o but_o to_o other_o and_o chief_o to_o benefactor_n thus_o justice_n and_o munificence_n be_v profitable_a to_o other_o also_o the_o contrary_n to_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o be_v ashamed_a either_o speak_v or_o act_v or_o about_o to_o speak_v or_o do_v for_o man_n that_o say_v or_o do_v or_o be_v about_o to_o commit_v ignominious_a action_n be_v ashamed_a as_o when_o alcaeus_n say_v there_o be_v something_o i_o will_v tell_v thou_o but_o for_o shame_n that_o will_v not_o let_v i_o the_o occasion_n name_n to_o which_o sapph_n make_v answer_v speak_v free_o on_o for_o if_o a_o true_a desire_n of_o good_a and_o virtuous_a do_v thy_o thought_n inspire_v and_o that_o thy_o tongue_n be_v not_o design_v to_o frame_v report_n and_o calumny_n beseem_v shame_n will_v hover_v over_o thy_o brow_n and_o awe_n thy_o pen_n to_o speak_v the_o truth_n and_o i_o defy_v thou_o then_o also_o those_o thing_n about_o which_o man_n fearless_o contend_v for_o man_n be_v most_o affect_v with_o those_o thing_n which_o most_o conduce_v to_o glory_n also_o the_o virtue_n and_o deed_n of_o those_o who_o excel_v by_o nature_n be_v most_o praise_v worthy_a and_o the_o virtue_n of_o man_n rather_o than_o woman_n and_o such_o as_o with_o which_o other_o be_v more_o endow_v then_o themselves_o wherefore_o just_a and_o justice_n be_v applaud_v also_o revenge_n rather_o than_o reconciliation_n for_o it_o be_v but_o just_a to_o return_v evil_a for_o evil_n and_o justice_n be_v honest_a for_o a_o stout_a man_n also_o to_o be_v invincible_a for_o victory_n and_o honour_n be_v desirable_a for_o though_o they_o bring_v no_o advantage_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o show_v a_o conspicuous_a virtue_n also_o commemoration_n and_o monument_n and_o the_o more_o famous_a they_o be_v the_o more_o noble_a however_o those_o be_v more_o noble_a that_o attend_v upon_o the_o dead_a and_o to_o who_o the_o great_a honour_n be_v attribute_v also_o such_o as_o be_v extraordinary_a and_o belong_v to_o the_o person_n alone_o for_o as_o they_o be_v more_o memorable_a yet_o unfruitful_a possession_n they_o seem_v more_o liberal_a also_o what_o thing_n be_v proper_a to_o particular_a person_n and_o the_o mark_n of_o such_o thing_n that_o be_v praise_v worthy_a among_o those_o with_o who_o we_o inhabit_v as_o among_o the_o lacedæmonians_n to_o wear_v long_a hair_n for_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o liberty_n for_o it_o be_v not_o for_o he_o that_o wear_v song_n hair_n to_o do_v any_o servile_a drudgery_n it_o be_v the_o mark_n of_o a_o freeman_n not_o to_o live_v under_o another_o we_o be_v also_o here_o to_o take_v in_o those_o thing_n that_o approach_v to_o virtue_n as_o be_v the_o same_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o praise_n and_o dispraise_v as_o wary_a timid_n and_o deceitful_a a_o fool_n and_o one_o good_a nature_a a_o person_n not_o sensible_a of_o pain_n and_o one_o mild_a and_o gentle_a and_o thus_o from_o the_o consequence_n according_a to_o that_o which_o be_v best_a as_o to_o call_v a_o hasty_a surious_a man_n silly_a a_o arrogant_a man_n magnificent_a and_o great_a and_o such_o as_o take_v the_o excess_n of_o virtue_n for_o the_o virtue_n themselves_o as_o if_o we_o shall_v call_v a_o rash_a man_n stout_a or_o a_o prodigal_a person_n liberal_a see_v that_o many_o so_o fallacious_o conclude_v from_o the_o cause_n outward_o appear_v for_o he_o that_o be_v so_o ready_a to_o run_v into_o danger_n when_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n will_v be_v much_o more_o when_o he_o find_v it_o necessary_a and_o if_o he_o be_v liberal_a to_o every_o body_n much_o more_o to_o his_o friend_n for_o it_o be_v the_o excellency_n of_o that_o virtue_n for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v bountiful_a to_o all_o man_n we_o be_v also_o to_o consider_v from_o who_o praise_n be_v proper_a for_o as_o socrates_n say_v it_o be_v no_o difficult_a thing_n to_o praise_v the_o athenian_n among_o the_o athenian_n but_o we_o must_v call_v that_o honourable_a which_o be_v honourable_a every_o where_o as_o among_o the_o scythian_n the_o lacedaemonian_n among_o the_o philosopher_n and_o in_o a_o word_n whatever_o be_v honourable_a we_o may_v affirm_v to_o be_v honest_a for_o they_o seem_v to_o approach_v near_o to_o virtue_n and_o whatever_o look_v like_o praiseworthy_a as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v worthy_a his_o ancestor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o addition_n to_o his_o felicity_n and_o to_o his_o honesty_n to_o advance_v his_o reputation_n or_o if_o beside_o that_o which_o be_v become_v he_o act_n that_o which_o be_v best_a and_o most_o honest_a as_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o moderate_a use_n of_o his_o prosperity_n and_o show_v himself_o magnanimous_a in_o adversity_n or_o the_o high_a he_o ascend_v the_o more_o generous_a and_o affable_a and_o such_o be_v that_o of_o iphicrates_n from_o which_o to_o what_o or_o that_o of_o the_o olympic_a victor_n though_o former_o it_o be_v true_a so_o mean_v my_o trade_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o of_o simonides_n who_o father_n husband_n brother_n rare_a to_o see_v all_o sovereign_a king_n yet_o â—â—re_v the_o proud_a she_o now_o because_o praise_n arise_v from_o action_n and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o a_o good_a man_n to_o act_v by_o election_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o show_v how_o he_o act_v by_o election_n which_o he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v if_o he_o have_v so_o frequent_o do_v wherefore_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v by_o chance_n or_o fortune_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o counsel_n and_o judgement_n for_o when_o many_o thing_n and_o similar_v be_v join_v together_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o virtue_n and_o judement_n now_o see_v that_o praise_n be_v a_o speech_n that_o set_v forth_o the_o greatness_n of_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n we_o must_v demonstrate_v those_o action_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o encomium_n be_v upon_o action_n but_o the_o circulate_v argument_n that_o make_v for_o convincement_n be_v nobility_n of_o birth_n and_o education_n for_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o good_a man_n beget_v good_a man_n and_o that_o a_o person_n so_o educate_v will_v act_v according_a to_o his_o education_n there_o we_o celebrate_v in_o encomium_n those_o that_o act_n which_o action_n be_v the_o
mark_n of_o the_o habit_n since_o we_o shall_v praise_v he_o that_o never_o act_v if_o we_o think_v he_o to_o be_v like_o the_o other_o and_o the_o mean_n whereby_o man_n become_v happy_a and_o fortunate_a be_v the_o same_o in_o themselves_o but_o not_o the_o same_o in_o reference_n to_o these_o but_o as_o felicity_n contain_v virtue_n so_o the_o make_n of_o a_o man_n happy_a contain_v felicity_n for_o praise_v and_o deliberation_n have_v something_o common_a one_o with_o another_o see_v that_o what_o we_o propound_v in_o advise_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o speech_n beget_v praise_n therefore_o when_o we_o know_v what_o we_o have_v to_o act_v and_o what_o the_o person_n ought_v to_o be_v these_o thing_n be_v say_v as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o advice_n be_v to_o be_v change_v and_o transpose_v in_o word_n as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o man_n be_v not_o to_o boast_v in_o the_o success_n of_o fortune_n but_o in_o what_o he_o win_v through_o his_o own_o virtue_n which_o be_v so_o say_v have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o precept_n but_o thus_o become_v a_o encomium_n glory_v not_o in_o the_o succesles_fw-mi of_o fortune_n but_o in_o the_o act_n of_o his_o own_o virtue_n therefore_o consider_v what_o to_o praise_v when_o you_o advise_v and_o what_o to_o advise_v when_o you_o praise_n for_o the_o speech_n will_v of_o necessity_n be_v opposite_a when_o that_o which_o prohibit_n and_o that_o which_o allow_v be_v transpose_v we_o may_v also_o make_v use_n of_o many_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o avail_n to_o amplify_v as_o whether_o he_o act_v alone_o or_o the_o first_o or_o with_o many_o or_o whether_o he_o be_v chief_a in_o the_o action_n or_o whether_o he_o observe_v time_n and_o season_n or_o whether_o he_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n often_o for_o that_o be_v great_a and_o show_v he_o not_o behold_v to_o fortune_n but_o his_o own_o virtue_n and_o whether_o those_o thing_n which_o encourage_v we_o to_o virtue_n and_o raise_v we_o to_o honour_n be_v think_v on_o and_o prepare_v by_o he_o and_o upon_o who_o the_o first_o encomium_n be_v make_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o hippolychus_n harmodius_n and_o aristogeiton_n to_o have_v their_o statue_n set_v up_o in_o the_o market_n place_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o contrary_n of_o which_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n to_o be_v find_v single_o compare_v they_o with_o other_o as_o isocrates_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v as_o be_v accustom_v to_o plead_v at_o the_o bar._n which_o comparison_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n as_o have_v a_o power_n to_o amplify_v and_o be_v most_o commendable_a when_o a_o man_n appear_v to_o excel_v in_o sincerity_n which_o enlargement_n fall_v deserve_o upon_o praise_n for_o it_o consist_v in_o excellency_n and_o excellency_n consist_v in_o goodness_n therefore_o although_o the_o comparison_n be_v not_o make_v between_o thing_n most_o remarkable_a at_o least_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v between_o other_o thing_n perhaps_o of_o lesser_a note_n in_o regard_n the_o excellency_n denote_v the_o virtue_n and_o indeed_o of_o all_o those_o form_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o oration_n amplification_n be_v most_o apt_a to_o demonstrate_v for_o they_o take_v the_o action_n for_o grant_v that_o they_o may_v have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v then_o to_o add_v to_o they_o grandeur_n and_o beauty_n but_o example_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o deliberation_n for_o conjecture_v of_o future_a thing_n from_o thing_n former_o transact_v we_o make_v our_o judgement_n enthymemes_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o judicial_a plead_n for_o the_o fact_n admit_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o demonstration_n because_o it_o be_v obscure_a and_o thus_o from_o whence_o all_o praise_n and_o dispraise_n be_v produce_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o look_v upon_o when_o we_o commend_v or_o discommend_v and_o of_o what_o thing_n encomium_n and_o dispraise_n consist_v be_v apparent_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v for_o these_o thing_n be_v know_v their_o contrary_n as_o may_v ready_o be_v discover_v chap._n x._o of_o accusation_n and_o defence_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o accusation_n and_o defence_n of_o what_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n they_o ought_v to_o prepare_v their_o argument_n to_o which_o purpose_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v three_o thing_n wherein_o and_o to_o what_o end_n man_n do_v injury_n next_o how_o they_o be_v affect_v and_o three_o what_o sort_n of_o people_n they_o be_v and_o in_o what_o condition_n when_o we_o have_v therefore_o define_v what_o it_o be_v to_o do_v a_o injury_n we_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o rest_n to_o do_v a_o injury_n then_o be_v to_o offer_v harm_n and_o violence_n to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n now_o the_o law_n be_v either_o peculiar_a or_o common_a i_o call_v that_o peculiar_a according_a to_o which_o be_v set_v down_o in_o write_v man_n act_n political_o common_a that_o which_o though_o not_o set_v down_o in_o write_v prevail_v among_o all_o men._n we_o act_n spontaneous_o whatever_o we_o act_v know_o and_o not_o by_o constraint_n yet_o where_o we_o act_v willing_o we_o do_v not_o all_o thing_n of_o choice_n but_o where_o we_o act_n by_o choice_n we_o do_v all_o thing_n willing_o and_o know_o for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o he_o make_v a_o choice_n beforehand_o now_o the_o choose_v to_o do_v harm_n and_o commit_v evil_a act_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n isa_fw-la vice_n and_o intemperance_n for_o whoever_o be_v addict_v to_o one_o or_o more_o vice_n that_o render_v they_o wicked_a be_v also_o injurious_a as_o the_o miser_n in_o money_n the_o intemperate_a in_o pleasure_n of_o the_o body_n the_o effeminate_a in_o sloth_n the_o timorous_a in_o danger_n for_o through_o cowardice_n they_o desert_n those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o jeopardy_n the_o ambitious_a in_o honour_n the_o hasty_a in_o anger_n the_o desirousof_n conquest_n for_o victory_n sake_n the_o violent_a for_o revenge_n sake_n the_o imprudent_a because_o he_o be_v deceive_v in_o what_o be_v just_a and_o good_a the_o impudent_a through_o contempt_n of_o reputation_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n every_o one_o according_a to_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o passion_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v and_o will_v be_v manifest_a partly_o from_o those_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o virtue_n partly_o from_o those_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v explain_v concern_v the_o affection_n it_o remain_v to_o declare_v for_o what_o reason_n and_o in_o what_o condition_n man_n do_v injury_n and_o who_o they_o injure_v first_o therefore_o let_v we_o explain_v what_o we_o desire_v and_o what_o we_o avoid_v while_o we_o endeavour_v to_o do_v a_o injury_n for_o the_o accuser_n must_v consider_v how_o many_o and_o which_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o all_o man_n covet_v injure_v their_o neighbour_n make_v up_o the_o composition_n of_o his_o adversary_n and_o he_o that_o defend_v must_v consider_v which_o and_o how_o many_o of_o those_o thing_n the_o adversary_n miss_v for_o all_o man_n act_v all_o thing_n partly_o of_o themselves_o partly_o not_o of_o themselves_o whar_n they_o do_v not_o act_v of_o themselves_o they_o act_v partly_o by_o fortune_n partly_o by_o necessity_n and_o of_o those_o that_o aâ—â—_n by_o necessity_n some_o act_n by_o force_n some_o by_o nature_n so_o that_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o they_o do_v not_o act_v of_o themselves_o some_o proceed_v from_o fortune_n some_o from_o nature_n and_o some_o from_o force_n but_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o act_n of_o themselves_o and_o of_o which_o they_o themselves_o be_v the_o cause_n some_o be_v through_o custom_n other_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n and_o of_o those_o some_o out_o of_o a_o rational_a appetite_n other_o out_o of_o a_o irrational_a but_o the_o will_n be_v a_o rational_a desire_n of_o good_a for_o no_o man_n covet_v but_o what_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v good_a the_o irrational_a appetite_n be_v anger_n and_o lust_n wherefore_o of_o necessity_n all_o thing_n that_o they_o act_n they_o act_n for_o seven_o cause_n fortune_n force_n nature_n custom_n reason_n anger_n lust_n nor_o must_v we_o distinguish_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v act_v according_a to_o age_n or_o habit_n or_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o young_a man_n prove_v choleric_a and_o lustful_a it_o be_v not_o because_o of_o their_o age_n but_o because_o of_o the_o passion_n that_o reign_v within_o they_o that_o they_o act_v so_o nor_o be_v riches_n or_o poverty_n the_o cause_n that_o rich_a or_o poor_a man_n covet_v or_o desire_v but_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o poor_a for_o want_v covet_v money_n and_o that_o the_o rich_a through_o licentiousness_n covet_v unnecessary_a pleasure_n however_o they_o be_v not_o actuate_v by_o their_o riches_n
or_o their_o poverty_n but_o by_o their_o desire_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o just_a and_o unjust_a and_o all_o those_o that_o act_n habitual_o be_v actuate_v by_o all_o these_o thing_n either_o by_o reason_n or_o passion_n some_o by_o honest_a inclination_n and_o affection_n some_o by_o their_o contrary_n however_o it_o happen_v that_o such_o consequence_n attend_v such_o habit_n such_o and_o such_o other_o for_o a_o temperate_a person_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o temperance_n have_v always_o good_a and_o lawful_a opinion_n and_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n but_o a_o intemperate_a person_n quite_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o these_o division_n be_v to_o be_v omit_v and_o while_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v which_o most_o usual_o follow_v which_o for_o whether_o a_o man_n be_v black_a or_o white_a or_o great_a or_o little_a nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n follow_v from_o thence_o but_o if_o a_o young_a or_o a_o old_a man_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a there_o be_v then_o a_o difference_n and_o in_o a_o word_n whatever_o thing_n cause_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o condition_n of_o man_n as_o it_o will_v make_v a_o distinction_n whether_o a_o man_n be_v rich_a or_o poor_a whether_o in_o prosperity_n or_o adversity_n but_o of_o these_o thing_n more_o hereafter_o now_o of_o the_o rest_n those_o thing_n proceed_v from_o fortune_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o determinate_a cause_n which_o be_v not_o do_v for_o such_o a_o end_n nor_o always_o nor_o for_o the_o most_o part_n nor_o usual_o which_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o definition_n of_o fortune_n natural_o those_o thing_n be_v do_v who_o cause_n be_v in_o themselves_o and_o orderly_o for_o they_o happen_v either_o always_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v preternatural_a whether_o they_o proceed_v from_o some_o fort_n of_o nature_n or_o from_o any_o other_o cause_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a here_o to_o inquire_v though_o fortune_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o thing_n by_o force_v those_o thing_n be_v act_v which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o agent_n themselves_o through_o cogitation_n or_o desire_v man_n act_n by_o custom_n when_o they_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v often_o do_v before_o those_o thing_n be_v act_v by_o reason_n which_o be_v do_v for_o advantage_n as_o be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o good_a thing_n already_o mention_v or_o as_o the_o end_n or_o conduce_v to_o the_o end_n for_o the_o intemperate_a sometime_o act_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v useful_a not_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o be_v prositable_a but_o to_o gratify_v their_o pleasure_n anger_n and_o choler_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o many_o act_n to_o satiâ—â—â—_n revenge_n but_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o punishment_n and_o revenge_n for_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o he_o that_o suffer_v but_o he_o that_o act_v a_o piece_n of_o revenge_n do_v it_o to_o gratify_v himself_o but_o as_o to_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v through_o anger_n we_o shall_v say_v more_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o affection_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o lust_n all_o those_o thing_n be_v act_v which_o appear_v to_o be_v pleasant_a in_o regard_n that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v familiar_a to_o usby_n use_v and_o custom_n be_v delightful_a and_o many_o thing_n also_o that_o be_v not_o natural_o delightful_a be_v make_v familiar_a by_o custom_n be_v act_v with_o delight_n so_o that_o in_o short_a all_o those_o thing_n which_o man_n act_n of_o themselves_o be_v either_o good_a or_o seem_o good_a either_o please_a or_o seem_o please_a for_o i_o place_v the_o eschew_v of_o evil_n or_o of_o seem_v evil_n or_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o great_a for_o the_o less_o in_o the_o number_n of_o good_a thing_n as_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n desirable_a and_o the_o eschew_v of_o thing_n painful_a or_o seem_o painful_a or_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o less_o for_o the_o great_a among_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v delightful_a wherefore_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v how_o many_o and_o what_o thing_n be_v profitable_a or_o pleasant_a but_o of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v profitable_a in_o deliberation_n already_o have_v be_v speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o discourse_v of_o what_o be_v delightful_a of_o which_o the_o definition_n will_v be_v sufficient_a though_o they_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o exact_a if_o they_o be_v not_o obscure_a chap._n xi_o of_o thing_n delightful_a let_v we_o therefore_o suppose_v pleasure_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a motion_n and_o entire_o sensible_a disposition_n of_o the_o mind_n according_a to_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o nature_n grief_n the_o contrary_a which_o if_o it_o be_v please_v and_o delightful_a must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o say_a affection_n but_o whatsoever_o deprave_v or_o cause_v a_o contrary_a disposition_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v painful_a therefore_o of_o necessity_n those_o thing_n must_v be_v delightful_a that_o proceed_v according_a to_o nature_n especial_o when_o being_n act_v according_a to_o nature_n they_o have_v assume_v their_o own_o nature_n in_o regard_v that_o custom_n be_v a_o second_o nature_n for_o most_o frequent_o approach_v near_o to_o always_o nature_n be_v always_o custom_n most_o frequent_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o violent_a for_o violence_n be_v preternatural_a wherefore_o necessity_n be_v painful_a for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v right_o say_v whatever_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v do_v as_o harsh_a and_o irksome_a all_o man_n look_v upon_o therefore_o care_n distraction_n of_o thought_n and_o intentness_n of_o mind_n be_v painful_a for_o they_o be_v of_o necessity_n and_o by_o constraint_n unless_o man_n be_v accustom_a to_o '_o they_o for_o custom_n beget_v pleasure_n but_o the_o contrary_n of_o these_o be_v delightful_a and_o therefore_o sloth_n ease_n rest_v mirth_n recreation_n and_o sleep_n be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o pleasant_a thing_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o do_v by_o compulsion_n whatever_o also_o allure_v our_o desire_n be_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a for_o desire_n be_v a_o eager_a reach_v of_o the_o appetite_n after_o pleasure_n but_o of_o these_o desire_n some_o be_v rational_a some_o irrational_a irrational_a be_v those_o which_o be_v without_o any_o consideration_n such_o as_o be_v natural_a and_o the_o appetite_n of_o the_o body_n as_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n after_o nourishment_n there_o be_v also_o a_o appetite_n after_o all_o sort_n of_o nourishment_n as_o also_o in_o taste_n and_o venereal_a sport_n and_o general_a in_o the_o smell_n the_o touch_n the_o hear_n and_o sight_n rational_a be_v such_o as_o when_o we_o desire_v by_o persuasion_n for_o we_o be_v eager_a to_o desire_v and_o enjoy_v many_o thing_n upon_o report_n and_o persuasion_n but_o because_o we_o then_o be_v say_v to_o enjoy_v pleasure_n when_o we_o be_v affect_v with_o some_o sort_n of_o sense_n and_o for_o that_o the_o imagination_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o weak_a sense_n and_o consequent_o a_o certain_a imagination_n of_o the_o thing_n remember_v and_o hope_v for_o attend_v upon_o he_o that_o remember_v and_o hope_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o they_o who_o have_v strong_a memory_n and_o hope_n be_v affect_v with_o great_a pleasure_n because_o they_o have_v a_o deep_a sense_n of_o what_o they_o remember_v and_o hope_v for_o therefore_o all_o pleasant_a thing_n of_o necessity_n consist_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o thing_n present_a the_o remembrance_n of_o thing_n past_a or_o the_o hope_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v for_o we_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o present_a remember_v what_o be_v past_a and_o hope_v for_o what_o be_v to_o come_v therefore_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o preserve_v in_o our_o memory_n be_v pleasant_a not_o only_o those_o thing_n which_o at_o the_o time_n of_o enjoyment_n be_v delightful_a but_o also_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v painful_a if_o afterward_o they_o produce_v any_o thing_n of_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o poet_n please_a it_n be_v when_o once_o from_o danger_n free_a to_o tell_v the_o tale_n of_o former_a misery_n and_o that_o other_o for_o danger_n escape_v and_o labour_n undergo_v to_o those_o be_v please_v that_o renown_n have_v win_v for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o please_a thing_n to_o be_v free_a from_o pain_n and_o then_o again_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v in_o hope_n whatever_o seem_v to_o delight_v at_o present_a or_o to_o be_v very_o helpful_a or_o to_o be_v helpful_a without_o trouble_n general_o tho_o whatever_o delight_v at_o present_a delight_v bâ—th_o those_o that_o remember_v and_o those_o that_o hope_v for_o the_o most_o part_n wherefore_o it_o be_v sometime_o a_o please_a thing_n to_o be_v angry_a according_a to_o that_o of_o homer_n concern_v furious_a anger_n sweet_a than_o honey_n from_o the_o fragrant_a comb_n for_n no_o man_n be_v angry_a with_o those_o upon_o who_o
of_o mettle_n and_o how_o much_o of_o any_o sort_n for_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o enumerate_v those_o particular_n if_o therefore_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v indefinite_a a_o law_n must_v be_v make_v concern_v it_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v otherwise_o then_o simple_o and_o bard_o wherefore_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o ring_n upon_o his_o finger_n strike_v another_o or_o lift_v up_o his_o hand_n he_o be_v guilty_a according_a to_o the_o write_a law_n and_o have_v do_v a_o injury_n though_o in_o reality_n he_o have_v do_v none_o and_o this_o be_v equity_n if_o then_o what_o we_o have_v say_v be_v equity_n it_o be_v apparent_a what_o thing_n be_v equal_a what_o not_o and_o who_o be_v man_n of_o equity_n for_o where_o pardon_n be_v allowable_a there_o be_v also_o equity_n nor_o be_v it_o equal_a to_o judge_v offence_n and_o injury_n and_o injury_n and_o misfortune_n worthy_a of_o equal_a punishment_n now_o misfortune_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o happen_v contrary_a to_o expectation_n and_o not_o through_o improbity_n offence_n such_o thing_n as_o happen_v not_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n yet_o not_o out_o of_o a_o wicked_a intention_n but_o injury_n happen_v from_o a_o wicked_a inclination_n according_a to_o expectance_n for_o what_o proceed_v from_o desire_n proceed_v from_o wickedness_n and_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a also_o to_o pardon_v human_a frailty_n and_o not_o to_o have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n but_o the_o lawgiver_n not_o to_o the_o word_n but_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n not_o to_o the_o act_n but_o the_o pre-election_n not_o to_o the_o part_n but_o to_o the_o whole_a not_o what_o a_o man_n be_v now_o but_o what_o a_o man_n be_v always_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o to_o remember_v to_o what_o good_a thing_n his_o inclination_n lead_v he_o then_o to_o what_o bad_a thing_n and_o the_o benefit_n he_o have_v receive_v than_o what_o he_o have_v do_v and_o his_o patience_n in_o suffer_a injury_n and_o his_o desire_n to_o be_v judge_v rather_o by_o word_n then_o deed_n and_o rather_o to_o refer_v himself_o to_o arbitration_n then_o go_v to_o law_n and_o trial_n for_o a_o arbitrator_n consider_v equity_n a_o judge_n look_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o a_o arbitrator_n be_v choose_v that_o equity_n may_v prevail_v and_o thus_o much_o concern_v thing_n equal_a chap_n fourteen_o of_o the_o great_a or_o less_o injury_n the_o great_a injury_n be_v that_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o great_a injustice_n wherefore_o sometime_o the_o least_o crime_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a as_o when_o callistratus_n accuse_v melanopus_n for_o take_v three_o small_a vessel_n of_o inconsiderable_a value_n from_o the_o builder_n of_o the_o temple_n because_o the_o vessel_n be_v sacred_a but_o in_o justice_n it_o be_v quite_o contrary_a for_o those_o other_o thing_n seem_v so_o to_o be_v because_o they_o exceed_v in_o the_o virtual_a consequence_n in_o regard_n that_o he_o who_o will_v steal_v three_o sacred_a vessel_n of_o small_a price_n will_v do_v a_o great_a injury_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v so_o indeed_o the_o great_a sometime_o it_o be_v so_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o harm_n that_o ensue_v and_o where_o the_o punishment_n be_v not_o equal_a but_o every_o way_n less_o and_o for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n for_o that_o be_v terrible_a and_o almost_o impossible_a and_o where_o the_o sufferer_n can_v receive_v no_o recompense_n in_o regard_n no_o remedy_n can_v be_v find_v for_o judgement_n and_o punishment_n be_v the_o remedy_n and_o if_o the_o sufferer_n can_v brook_v the_o ignominy_n moreover_o if_o he_o that_o do_v the_o injury_n more_o deserve_v the_o punishment_n as_o sophocles_n plead_v for_o euctemon_n because_o he_o that_o can_v not_o brook_v the_o indignity_n kill_v himself_o affirm_v that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v mean_a thought_n of_o the_o contumely_n or_o think_v it_o deserve_v less_o punishment_n because_o he_o that_o have_v suffer_v have_v punish_v himself_o or_o if_o a_o man_n do_v a_o injury_n alone_o or_o first_o of_o all_o or_o engage_v with_o a_o few_o and_o to_o commit_v the_o same_o injury_n often_o be_v a_o great_a injustice_n great_a be_v also_o those_o crime_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o which_o great_a punishment_n and_o torment_n be_v seek_v and_o invent_v and_o prison_n build_v for_o their_o restraint_n and_o among_o the_o argive_n he_o be_v fine_v and_o ameree_v who_o occasion_n the_o make_n of_o a_o new_a law_n the_o most_o bestial_a injury_n also_o be_v the_o great_a and_o that_o which_o be_v premeditate_v and_o which_o they_o who_o when_o they_o hear_v it_o be_v more_o afraid_a of_o than_o pity_n and_o where_o we_o contemn_v or_o transgress_v many_o just_a thing_n as_o oath_n pledge_v of_o faith_n and_o conjugal_a vow_n for_o it_o be_v a_o exuberancy_n of_o many_o injury_n also_o their_o crime_n be_v not_o mean_a which_o be_v commit_v where_o the_o unjust_a be_v punish_v such_o be_v false_a witness_n for_o who_o may_v be_v count_v offender_n if_o not_o they_o who_o offend_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n also_o those_o which_o the_o great_a ignominy_n attend_v also_o they_o that_o injure_v their_o benefactor_n for_o he_o multiply_v injury_n as_o well_o in_o do_v ill_a as_o in_o not_o do_v well_o and_o they_o that_o act_n against_o the_o law_n unwritten_a in_o regard_v it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v just_a when_o uncompelled_a now_o the_o write_a law_n be_v make_v through_o necessity_n but_o not_o the_o unwritten_a for_o he_o that_o awe_v by_o fear_n and_o liable_a to_o punishment_n commit_v a_o injury_n will_v not_o scruple_n to_o do_v werse_a where_o no_o punishment_n hang_v over_o his_o head_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a injury_n chap._n xv._n of_o vnartificial_a proof_n we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o proof_n which_o be_v unartificial_a which_o be_v proper_a in_o judicial_a cause_n now_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n that_o make_v up_o this_o sort_n of_o proof_n the_o law_n witness_n compact_n examination_n and_o oath_n and_o first_o of_o the_o law_n what_o use_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o as_o well_o by_o he_o that_o dissuade_v as_o by_o he_o that_o persuade_v by_o he_o that_o accuse_v as_o by_o he_o that_o defend_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o write_a law_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o fact_n the_o common_a law_n be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o equity_n as_o be_v more_o just_a for_o he_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o best_a advice_n who_o do_v not_o always_o make_v use_n of_o the_o write_a law_n for_o equity_n always_o remain_v and_o never_o change_v no_o more_o than_o the_o common_a law_n as_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n but_o the_o write_a law_n change_v often_o as_o it_o be_v say_v in_o sophocles_n antigone_n that_o she_o have_v act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o creon_n but_o not_o contrary_a to_o the_o unwritten_a law_n which_o neither_o now_o nor_o yet_o of_o yesterday_o but_o still_o in_o all_o man_n mind_n perpetual_a sway_n have_v bear_v and_o for_o that_o reason_n do_v deride_v not_o only_o this_o but_o all_o man_n law_n beside_o see_v then_o that_o just_o be_v somewhat_o which_o be_v true_a and_o profitable_a but_o that_o which_o seem_v so_o be_v not_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v write_v be_v no_o law_n because_o it_o do_v not_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o law_n moreover_o the_o judge_n be_v like_o he_o that_o essay_n both_o silver_n and_o gold_n to_o discern_v what_o be_v true_o just_a from_o what_o be_v adulterate_a and_o beside_o it_o be_v more_o become_v the_o character_n of_o a_o judicious_a man_n to_o make_v use_n of_o unwritten_a then_o write_v law_n and_o to_o stick_v close_o to_o they_o whether_o this_o unwritten_a law_n be_v contrary_a to_o some_o approve_a law_n or_o opposite_a to_o its_o self_n as_o when_o the_o one_o command_v all_o contract_n to_o be_v firm_o observe_v and_o the_o other_o forbid_v any_o contract_n to_o be_v make_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n or_o if_o it_o be_v ambiguous_a that_o he_o may_v weigh_v and_o consider_v to_o what_o part_n to_o accommodate_v the_o just_a and_o to_o what_o the_o profitable_a and_o so_o to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o and_o if_o the_o ground_n and_o reason_n upon_o which_o the_o law_n be_v make_v be_v cease_v but_o the_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n this_o must_v be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v explain_v to_o show_v the_o repugnancy_n of_o the_o law_n to_o its_o self_n but_o if_o the_o write_a law_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o occasion_n or_o the_o fact_n than_o it_o be_v right_o and_o true_o to_o be_v say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o make_v for_o the_o judge_n to_o act_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o what_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v perjure_v
such_o be_v the_o high_a esteem_n of_o aristotle_n in_o the_o world_n and_o his_o authority_n among_o man_n that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a thing_n to_o make_v any_o far_a encomium_n upon_o his_o wit_n and_o learning_n the_o profoundness_n of_o his_o knowledge_n or_o his_o diligence_n in_o explain_v what_o he_o write_v and_o who_o therefore_o tully_n also_o allow_v to_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o all_o philosopher_n aristotle_n rhetoric_n to_o theodectes_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n that_o rhetoric_n and_o logic_n treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_a that_o they_o who_o treat_v of_o rhetoric_n before_o do_v not_o right_o understand_v it_o and_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o rhetoric_n rhetoric_n and_o logic_n be_v near_o of_o kin_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o both_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n know_v by_o all_o man_n and_o belong_v to_o no_o certain_a science_n and_o therefore_o one_o way_n or_o other_o all_o man_n participate_v of_o both_o see_v that_o all_o people_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o endeavour_n to_o find_v out_o and_o maintain_v a_o argument_n or_o to_o impeach_v and_o defend_v which_o many_o do_v rash_o and_o without_o experience_n many_o through_o exercise_n and_o several_a natural_o and_o habitual_o which_o be_v either_o way_n to_o be_v do_v it_o be_v apparent_a that_o there_o be_v a_o way_n and_o method_n to_o be_v find_v out_o to_o which_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v reduce_v when_o both_o attain_v their_o end_n as_o well_o they_o who_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n as_o they_o who_o search_v into_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n of_o what_o they_o do_v which_o all_o will_v grant_v to_o be_v the_o office_n of_o art_n whoever_o therefore_o till_o this_o time_n have_v compose_v the_o art_n of_o eloquencs_n have_v find_v out_o but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o it_o for_o when_o only_a art_n prevail_v to_o gain_v credit_n and_o belief_n by_o persuasion_n other_o thing_n be_v only_o additional_a they_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o enthymemes_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o persuasion_n but_o make_v a_o great_a pother_n about_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n for_o crimination_n compassion_n anger_n and_o those_o other_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v nothing_o to_o the_o business_n but_o only_o serve_v to_o move_v the_o judge_n and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o many_o city_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v govern_v by_o good_a law_n if_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o judgement_n they_o will_v have_v nothing_o leave_v for_o they_o to_o say_v for_o so_o all_o people_n partly_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law_n partly_o they_o retain_v the_o same_o constitution_n to_o speak_v nothing_o from_o the_o purpose_n as_o in_o the_o areopâ—gus_fw-la wherein_o they_o do_v well_o for_o it_o be_v no_o way_n laudable_a to_o pervert_v a_o judge_n by_o move_v he_o to_o anger_n envy_n or_o pity_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v pretend_v to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o rule_n and_o beâ—d_v it_o crooked_a beside_o that_o whoever_o set_v up_o a_o controversy_n have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v then_o to_o demonstrate_v whether_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o iâ—_n not_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o do_v now_o whether_o the_o act_n be_v great_a or_o of_o little_a consequence_n whether_o just_a or_o unjust_a whatever_o the_o legislator_n have_v not_o distinguish_v that_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o know_v and_o not_o to_o learn_v from_o he_o that_o propound_v the_o controversy_n therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n shall_v make_v a_o distinction_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n themselves_o and_o leave_v as_o few_o as_o possible_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n first_o because_o it_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o find_v one_o or_o but_o a_o few_o prudent_a person_n that_o be_v able_a to_o make_v good_a law_n and_o give_v true_a judgement_n then_o many_o in_o the_o next_o place_n law_n be_v make_v by_o such_o as_o take_v long_a time_n to_o consider_v judgement_n be_v sudden_o pronounce_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n right_o to_o dispense_v what_o be_v just_a and_o profitable_a but_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o all_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o legislator_n do_v not_o confine_v itself_o to_o particular_n and_o thing_n present_v but_o dilate_v and_o extend_v to_o universals_z and_o thing_n to_o come_v but_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o judge_n determine_v of_o thing_n definite_a and_o present_a whence_o it_o happen_v that_o their_o own_o affection_n or_o hatred_n or_o private_a advantage_n intervening_a they_o make_v but_o a_o negligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o truth_n while_o their_o judgement_n be_v sway_v by_o their_o own_o gain_n or_o loss_n so_o that_o as_o to_o other_o thing_n as_o already_o have_v be_v say_v the_o least_o power_n of_o determine_v that_o may_v be_v be_v to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judge_n but_o whether_o do_v or_o not_o do_v whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o be_v will_v come_v to_o pass_v or_o not_o all_o this_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v submit_v to_o his_o determination_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o lawgiver_n to_o make_v sufficient_a provision_n in_o such_o case_n which_o be_v so_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o they_o teach_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v quite_o from_o the_o purpose_n who_o treat_v of_o other_o thing_n as_o what_o the_o proem_n what_o the_o narrative_a aught_o to_o contain_v or_o any_o one_o of_o the_o other_o part_n for_o therein_o they_o teach_v we_o no_o more_o then_o how_o to_o dispose_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o judge_n this_o way_n or_o that_o way_n but_o as_o to_o artificial_a persuasion_n they_o inform_v we_o nothing_o that_o be_v how_o a_o person_n may_v become_v a_o good_a argumentator_n see_v therefore_o there_o be_v the_o same_o method_n to_o be_v use_v in_o popular_a oration_n as_o in_o plead_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o noble_a and_o of_o great_a use_n to_o be_v a_o popular_a orator_n than_o a_o litigious_a brangler_n about_o contract_n and_o private_a bargain_n they_o do_v ill_o in_o be_v so_o silent_a as_o to_o the_o former_a so_o voluminous_a as_o to_o the_o latter_a believe_v it_o be_v of_o less_o concernment_n to_o be_v extravagant_a in_o popular_a argument_n and_o less_o wile_n and_o subtlety_n in_o that_o then_o in_o bar_n plead_v as_o be_v more_o common_a for_o in_o the_o former_a the_o judge_n determin_n of_o what_o in_o part_n concern_v himself_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o require_v then_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v as_o the_o adviser_n say_v but_o in_o cause_n of_o meum_fw-la and_o tu_fw-la m_o that_o will_v not_o suffice_v where_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v the_o ear_n of_o the_o hearer_n for_o the_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v of_o other_o man_n concern_v so_o that_o while_o they_o consider_v their_o own_o profit_n and_o hear_v with_o favour_n they_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o pleader_n but_o make_v no_o determination_n therefore_o in_o many_o place_n the_o law_n forbid_v digression_n from_o the_o matter_n and_o there_o the_o judge_n exact_o observe_v that_o law_n but_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o artificial_a way_n relate_v and_o consist_v in_o persuasion_n and_o that_o persuasion_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n for_o then_o we_o chief_o believe_v a_o thing_n when_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o for_o that_o rhetorical_a demonstration_n be_v argument_n which_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v be_v the_o most_o powerful_a way_n of_o persuasion_n and_o for_o that_o argument_n be_v a_o a_o certain_a syllogism_n and_o see_v all_o syllogism_n be_v under_o the_o consideration_n of_o logic_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o who_o can_v most_o ready_o find_v out_o of_o what_o and_o how_o a_o syllogism_n be_v compose_v will_v prove_v the_o sharp_a argumentator_n especial_o understanding_n in_o what_o thing_n enthymeme_v be_v of_o chief_a use_n and_o how_o they_o differ_v from_o logical_a syllogism_n for_o the_o same_o consideration_n will_v find_v out_o what_o be_v true_a and_o what_o be_v like_a to_o truth_n for_o man_n be_v sufficient_o incline_v to_o truth_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n attain_v to_o the_o truth_n wherefore_o he_o who_o attain_v easy_o to_o probability_n by_o conjecture_n take_v the_o same_o course_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n why_o therefore_o other_o have_v be_v so_o nice_a about_o thing_n which_o be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n and_o why_o they_o have_v make_v judicial_a plead_v the_o subject_a of_o their_o labour_n be_v apparent_a now_o rhetoric_n be_v therefore_o useful_a because_o that_o by_o nature_n those_o
than_o what_o he_o have_v often_o do_v himself_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v a_o person_n that_o use_v to_o give_v ill_a language_n to_o other_o or_o such_o as_o have_v do_v a_o injury_n or_o intend_v it_o or_o be_v about_o to_o do_v it_o for_o in_o so_o do_v there_o be_v both_o satisfaction_n and_o applause_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v a_o injury_n or_o such_o who_o do_v a_o injury_n that_o may_v be_v grateful_a to_o their_o friend_n or_o their_o master_n or_o those_o with_o who_o they_o live_v also_o such_o as_o from_o who_o they_o easy_o hope_v for_o forgiveness_n also_o when_o they_o have_v accuse_v a_o man_n and_o be_v at_o odds_o with_o he_o as_o it_o be_v the_o case_n between_o calippus_n and_o â—â—o_o for_o such_o act_n do_v altogether_o seem_v to_o be_v injury_n also_o those_o not_o do_v harm_n themselves_o be_v oppress_v by_o other_o as_o if_o it_o be_v then_o too_o late_o to_o consult_v a_o remedy_n as_o aenesideâ—us_n be_v report_v to_o have_v write_v to_o gelâ—_n when_o cataâ—ia_n be_v by_o he_o dispeopled_a that_o he_o want_v but_o a_o little_a of_o prevent_v he_o as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o have_v do_v it_o himself_o and_o such_o to_o who_o if_o we_o once_o do_v a_o injury_n we_o may_v do_v many_o thing_n just_o by_o way_n of_o satisfaction_n as_o jason_n of_o thessaly_n say_v we_o must_v do_v injury_n in_o some_o thing_n that_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n in_o many_o also_o they_o more_o easy_o commit_v those_o thing_n which_o all_o or_o many_o do_v hope_v easy_o to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o such_o thing_n also_o man_n be_v ready_a to_o commit_v injury_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v conceal_v as_o when_o a_o man_n take_v unjust_o from_o another_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v easy_o consume_v as_o thing_n that_o be_v eatable_a or_o which_o be_v not_o easy_o detect_v because_o of_o their_o change_a colour_n and_o complexion_n or_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v portable_a and_o hide_v in_o a_o small_a room_n or_o thing_n that_o be_v like_a to_o many_o thing_n which_o he_o that_o do_v the_o injury_n possess_v before_o or_o which_o a_o man_n be_v unwilling_a to_o disclose_v as_o the_o adultery_n of_o his_o wife_n or_o his_o own_o or_o his_o child_n miscarriage_n and_o such_o thing_n that_o show_v the_o prosecutor_n to_o be_v a_o contentious_a person_n and_o give_v to_o strife_n thing_n of_o little_a consequence_n and_o for_o which_o pardon_n be_v frequent_o allow_v and_o thus_o how_o man_n be_v capacitate_v to_o do_v a_o injury_n by_o what_o mean_n who_o they_o be_v that_o act_n and_o suffer_v and_o wherefore_o man_n seek_v to_o injure_v other_o let_v this_o suffice_v chap._n xiii_o of_o injury_n and_o thing_n do_v just_o now_o let_v we_o distinguish_v between_o all_o injury_n and_o lawful_a action_n begin_v first_o from_o hence_o just_a thing_n and_o unjust_a be_v therefore_o destinguish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o person_n to_o which_o they_o relate_v two_o way_n now_o i_o say_v the_o law_n be_v either_o proper_a or_o common_a proper_a that_o which_o concern_v all_o person_n in_o particular_a one_o among_o another_o and_o this_o be_v either_o write_v or_o not_o write_v common_n be_v that_o which_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a by_o nature_n and_o will_v be_v so_o if_o there_o be_v no_o society_n or_o agreement_n among_o men._n as_o antigone_n in_o sophocles_n seem_v to_o intimate_v when_o she_o aver_v it_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n natural_o just_a to_o bury_v polynices_n for_o neither_o now_o nor_o yet_o of_o yesterday_o but_o always_o this_o have_v bear_v perpetual_a sway_n in_o all_o man_n mind_n nor_o be_v there_o one_o that_o know_v from_o whence_o this_o secret_a law_n of_o nature_n flow_v and_o as_o we_o find_v in_o empedocles_n against_o murder_n for_o murder_n be_v not_o just_a among_o some_o unjust_a among_o other_o but_o a_o fix_a law_n in_o all_o man_n breast_n where_o ever_o heaven_n immense_a light_n shine_v through_o the_o spacious_a air._n which_o also_o alcidamas_n confirm_v in_o his_o messeniac_a now_o where_o they_o be_v determine_v they_o be_v two_o way_n determine_v for_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v relate_v either_o to_o common_a society_n or_o to_o one_o supreme_a thing_n in_o that_o common_a society_n therefore_o we_o may_v do_v right_a and_o injustice_n two_o way_n for_o either_o we_o hurt_v one_o single_a person_n or_o a_o common_a society_n for_o he_o that_o commit_v adultery_n or_o beat_v a_o man_n harm_n a_o certain_a person_n but_o he_o that_o desert_n his_o colour_n injure_v the_o public_a to_o suffer_v a_o injury_n be_v to_o be_v injure_v by_o he_o that_o do_v it_o willing_o and_o with_o a_o intention_n so_o to_o do_v for_o we_o have_v already_o define_v do_v a_o injury_n to_o be_v a_o voluntary_a act_n and_o because_o he_o that_o suffer_v a_o injury_n receive_v a_o mischief_n unwilling_o and_o all_o injury_n consist_v of_o those_o thing_n already_o repeat_v for_o we_o have_v already_o distinguish_v between_o thing_n good_a and_o evil_n of_o themselves_o and_o what_o man_n do_v spontaneous_o that_o they_o do_v willing_o of_o necessity_n all_o offence_n relate_v either_o to_o the_o public_a or_o to_o private_a person_n and_o that_o they_o be_v commit_v either_o unknowing_o or_o unwilling_o or_o else_o willing_o and_o know_o and_o of_o these_o some_o be_v commit_v out_o of_o pre-election_n or_o out_o of_o affection_n now_o what_o thing_n man_n make_v choice_n of_o and_o in_o what_o capacity_n have_v be_v already_o say_v but_o because_o some_o man_n who_o confess_v they_o have_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n either_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o declaration_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o the_o complaint_n as_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o he_o steal_v the_o thing_n where_o he_o take_v it_o or_o if_o he_o confess_v that_o he_o strike_v first_o but_o do_v not_o give_v the_o first_o provocation_n that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o woman_n company_n but_o do_v not_o lie_v with_o she_o or_o that_o he_o do_v commit_v the_o theft_n but_o it_o be_v not_o sacrilege_n as_o it_o be_v also_o lay_v in_o the_o declaration_n or_o that_o he_o break_v up_o land_n but_o not_o belong_v to_o the_o public_a or_o that_o he_o discourse_v the_o enemy_n but_o not_o as_o a_o traitor_n therefore_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o these_o thing_n we_o define_v what_o be_v theft_n what_o contumely_n what_o adultery_n that_o whether_o we_o will_v demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v or_o not_o to_o be_v we_o may_v declare_v what_o be_v just_a for_o in_o all_o these_o thing_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o thing_n be_v unjust_a or_o wicked_a or_o not_o for_o improbity_n or_o injury_n consist_v in_o election_n and_o word_n indeed_o of_o this_o nature_n demonstrate_v the_o election_n as_o contumely_n and_o theft_n yet_o he_o that_o strike_v a_o person_n do_v not_o present_o offer_v a_o indignity_n to_o the_o same_o person_n but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o to_o some_o other_o purpose_n and_o intention_n as_o either_o to_o disgrace_v the_o same_o person_n or_o else_o for_o to_o please_v himself_o nor_o can_v he_o that_o take_v a_o thing_n privy_o be_v say_v to_o steal_v but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o another_o and_o to_o his_o own_o proper_a benefit_n and_o the_o same_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o other_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o because_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o just_a and_o unjust_a thing_n for_o some_o be_v set_v down_o in_o writing_n other_o not_o oâ—_n what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o law_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v but_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o set_v down_o in_o writing_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n beside_o and_o these_o be_v partly_o according_a to_o the_o exuberancy_n of_o vertur_fw-la and_o vice_n wherein_o be_v ignominy_n and_o praise_n dishonour_n and_o honour_n and_o gift_n and_o gratitude_n to_o a_o benefactor_n and_o return_v kindness_n for_o kindness_n to_o be_v assist_v to_o a_o man_n friend_n aâ—d_v the_o like_a partly_o a_o supplement_n to_o the_o write_a and_o proper_a law_n for_o equity_n seem_v to_o be_v â—uâ—t_n and_o equity_n be_v that_o which_o be_v just_a beside_o what_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o write_v law_n and_o this_o happen_v sometime_o though_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v unwilling_a sometime_o by_o their_o connivance_n unwilling_o when_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o matter_n willing_o when_o they_o can_v determine_v but_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o speak_v in_o general_a term_n not_o so_o but_o as_o be_v most_o usual_a or_o where_o they_o can_v distinguish_v because_o of_o infinitv_n as_o to_o give_v rule_n if_o a_o man_n wound_n with_o what_o sort_n
and_o that_o they_o who_o be_v deem_v worthy_a of_o compassion_n or_o to_o obtain_v any_o other_o request_n be_v such_o as_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v they_o shall_v never_o obtain_v pity_n from_o the_o judge_n chap._n xi_o of_o emulation_n emulation_n be_v a_o certain_a disturbance_n of_o mind_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o appear_a enjoyment_n of_o honourable_a happiness_n which_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o he_o also_o to_o attain_v in_o thing_n natural_o alike_o not_o because_o they_o be_v enjoy_v by_o another_o but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o enjoy_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o emulation_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o virtue_n and_o about_o virtuous_a thing_n but_o envy_n be_v evil_a and_o evil_a thing_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o it_o for_o the_o one_o through_o emulation_n endeavour_n to_o attain_v to_o good_a thing_n the_o other_o endeavour_n to_o prevent_v his_o neighbour_n from_o attain_v those_o good_a thing_n through_o envy_n and_o therefore_o those_o that_o emulate_v must_v believe_v themselves_o to_o be_v worthy_a those_o good_a thing_n which_o they_o have_v not_o for_o no_o man_n deem_v himself_o worthy_a of_o impossibility_n therefore_o be_v young_a man_n and_o magnanimous_a person_n of_o this_o sort_n and_o such_o as_o enjoy_v those_o accomplishment_n which_o be_v deem_v worthy_a man_n of_o honour_n as_o riches_n favour_n authority_n and_o the_o like_a for_o as_o if_o it_o concern_v they_o to_o be_v virtuous_a because_o these_o be_v felicity_n belong_v to_o the_o virtuous_a therefore_o they_o emulate_v these_o virtue_n in_o other_o also_o such_o as_o other_o esteem_v person_n of_o worth_n or_o such_o who_o ancestor_n kindred_n acquaintance_n or_o country_n be_v famous_a strive_v also_o to_o emulate_v their_o accomplishment_n for_o they_o believe_v those_o to_o be_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o believe_v themselves_o worthy_a of_o '_o they_o now_o than_o if_o good_a thing_n which_o be_v honourable_a be_v the_o subject_a of_o emulation_n of_o necessity_n virtue_n must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o whatever_o thing_n be_v profitable_a to_o other_o and_o assistant_n to_o liberality_n also_o those_o happiness_n which_o man_n enjoy_v as_o riches_n beauty_n health_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v such_o as_o be_v proper_a object_n of_o emulation_n for_o they_o be_v the_o person_n that_o enjoy_v these_o felicity_n and_o such_o like_a as_o fortitude_n prudence_n and_o dominion_n for_o prince_n be_v able_a to_o bestow_v many_o favour_n upon_o many_o person_n also_o such_o who_o many_o desire_n to_o be_v like_a such_o as_o have_v many_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n such_o who_o many_o admire_v and_o themselves_o among_o the_o rest_n also_o such_o who_o praise_n and_o achievement_n be_v set_v forth_o by_o poet_n and_o historian_n these_o man_n they_o emulate_v the_o contrary_n they_o contemn_v for_o contempt_n be_v contrary_a to_o emulation_n and_o to_o contemn_v and_o to_o emulate_v be_v contrary_n of_o necessity_n therefore_o they_o who_o be_v so_o qualify_v as_o to_o emulate_v some_o and_o to_o be_v emulate_v by_o other_o must_v be_v so_o temper_v as_o to_o contemn_v those_o who_o be_v note_v for_o those_o imperfection_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o object_n of_o emulation_n wherefore_o oft_o time_n they_o contemn_v the_o fortunate_a in_o regard_n that_o good_a fortune_n be_v not_o always_o attend_v with_o those_o perfection_n which_o be_v of_o great_a value_n thus_o how_o the_o affection_n be_v move_v and_o with_o what_o thing_n and_o how_o they_o be_v allay_v also_o whence_o proof_n and_o credit_n arise_v have_v be_v say_v chap._n xii_o of_o the_o affection_n and_o habit_n of_o youth_n i_o call_v the_o affection_n anger_n desire_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o discourse_v the_o habit_n be_v virtue_n and_o vice_n of_o which_o already_o have_v be_v speak_v as_o also_o which_o every_o one_o choose_v and_o practice_n age_n be_v youth_n manhood_n and_o old_a age._n i_o call_v fortune_n nobility_n riches_n power_n and_o their_o contrary_n and_o in_o a_o word_n prosperity_n or_o adversity_n young_a man_n be_v in_o their_o nature_n prone_a to_o desire_v and_o strong_a to_o act_v for_o the_o obtain_v their_o desire_n but_o chief_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o those_o desire_n that_o be_v venereal_a in_o which_o they_o be_v incontinent_a they_o be_v inconstant_a in_o their_o desire_n and_o apt_a to_o loathe_v what_o before_o they_o love_v they_o ardent_o desire_v soon_o grow_v cold_a their_o will_n be_v eager_a not_o impetuous_a like_o the_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n of_o sick_a people_n also_o prone_a to_o anger_n and_o vehement_a and_o apt_a to_o follow_v their_o most_o eager_a appetite_n they_o be_v overcome_v with_o passion_n as_o not_o brook_v contempt_n through_o ambition_n and_o be_v impatient_a when_o they_o believe_v they_o have_v receive_v a_o injury_n ambitious_a also_o of_o honour_n but_o more_o of_o victory_n youth_n cover_v to_o exceed_v and_o victory_n be_v a_o certain_a excess_n and_o therefore_o they_o cover_v both_o these_o rather_o than_o money_n which_o be_v that_o they_o least_o mind_n for_o as_o yet_o they_o have_v not_o experiment_a want_n according_a to_o the_o elegy_n of_o pittaâ—us_n upon_o amphiaraus_n not_o malicious_a but_o downright_o as_o not_o have_v much_o use_v themselves_o to_o intrigue_n of_o â—uttlety_n they_o be_v also_o credulous_a as_o not_o have_v be_v often_o deceive_v they_o be_v also_o natural_o hot_a like_a man_n heat_v with_o wine_n full_o of_o hope_n also_o for_o hope_n respect_v the_o time_n to_o come_v memory_n relate_v to_o what_o be_v past_a and_o to_o young_a man_n the_o future_a be_v long_o past_a time_n short_a therefore_o easy_a to_o be_v deceive_v because_o they_o easy_o hope_v the_o more_o stout_a therefore_o because_o they_o be_v easy_o anger_v and_o hope_v well_o the_o one_o make_v they_o fearless_a the_o other_o confident_a for_o no_o man_n fear_v when_o he_o be_v angry_a and_o because_o he_o hope_v the_o best_a he_o be_v confident_a they_o be_v also_o modest_a for_o they_o look_v upon_o thing_n to_o be_v honest_a no_o otherwise_o then_o through_o the_o optic_n of_o nature_n simplicity_n and_o know_v nothing_o but_o what_o the_o law_n have_v instruct_v '_o they_o they_o be_v also_o magnanimous_a as_o not_o have_v be_v depress_v by_o the_o misfortune_n of_o life_n but_o altogether_o unexperienced_a in_o necessity_n now_o for_o a_o man_n to_o deem_v himself_o worthy_a of_o great_a thing_n be_v magnanimity_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o they_o rather_o choose_v to_o practice_v thing_n honest_a then_o profitable_a for_o they_o live_v more_o by_o custom_n then_o by_o reason_n now_o reason_n look_v at_o profit_n virtue_n at_o honest_a action_n they_o be_v also_o much_o more_o desirous_a of_o friend_n and_o companion_n than_o other_o age_n for_o they_o rejoice_v in_o society_n as_o judge_v nothing_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o profit_n not_o so_o much_o as_o seek_v advantage_n in_o friendship_n for_o they_o do_v all_o to_o excess_n and_o transgress_v more_o violent_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_n of_o chilo_n for_o they_o act_v to_o excess_n they_o love_v to_o excess_n they_o hate_v to_o excess_n in_o other_o thing_n temper_v equal_o they_o believe_v also_o and_o affirm_v they_o know_v all_o thing_n the_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o overdo_v they_o injure_v other_o out_o of_o contumely_n not_o out_o of_o malice_n they_o be_v compassionate_a because_o they_o believe_v all_o man_n good_a and_o honest_a for_o they_o measure_v other_o man_n by_o their_o own_o innocency_n wherefore_o they_o believe_v such_o people_n suffer_v undeserved_o they_o love_v merriment_n as_o be_v facetious_a for_o jest_n be_v polite_a contumely_n thus_o much_o for_o young_a men._n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o affection_n and_o habit_n of_o old_a men._n the_o disposition_n of_o man_n strike_v in_o year_n and_o age_a person_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n quite_o the_o contrary_n for_o have_v live_v a_o long_a while_n they_o have_v be_v frequent_o deceive_v often_o err_v and_o because_o most_o thing_n be_v evil_a they_o slow_o affirm_v any_o thing_n and_o put_v a_o less_o value_n upon_o thing_n than_o they_o ought_v for_o they_o do_v nothing_o but_o stuff_v their_o discourse_n with_o perhap_n and_o if_n and_o and_o his_o and_o so_o conclude_v nothing_o also_o they_o be_v morose_n and_o ill-natured_a for_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o ill_a nature_n to_o interpret_v every_o thing_n in_o the_o worst_a sense_n also_o they_o be_v suspicious_a because_o increduious_a &_o incredulous_a because_o experience_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n they_o neither_o love_n to_o excess_n nor_o hate_n to_o excess_n but_o according_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o bias_n they_o love_v as_o if_o they_o will_v hate_v and_o hate_v as_o if_o they_o will_v love_v they_o be_v pusillanimous_a as_o have_v feel_v the_o hardship_n of_o life_n nor_o do_v they_o
concern_v the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o age_n and_o fortune_n from_o whence_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v easy_o collect_v chap._n xviii_o that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n common_a to_o all_o kind_n now_o because_o the_o use_n of_o persuasive_a oratory_n relate_v to_o judgement_n for_o what_o we_o know_v and_o have_v judge_v of_o needs_o no_o far_a explanation_n of_o speech_n and_o because_o though_o it_o be_v but_o one_o alone_o who_o the_o oratorseeks_n to_o persuade_v or_o dissuade_v as_o they_o do_v who_o seek_v to_o admonish_v or_o exhort_v yet_o that_o one_o person_n be_v a_o judge_n therefore_o of_o necessity_n care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o subvert_v contrary_n against_o which_o as_o against_o a_o adversary_n the_o speech_n be_v direct_v and_o so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o demonstrative_n for_o the_o oration_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o hearer_n as_o to_o the_o judge_n and_o to_o speak_v in_o general_a term_n he_o be_v a_o single_a person_n but_o to_o speak_v simple_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n who_o determine_v what_o be_v controvert_v in_o a_o civil_a contention_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n about_o which_o dispute_v or_o consultation_n arise_v the_o general_a inquiry_n be_v how_o the_o case_n stand_v now_o then_o to_o speak_v of_o thing_n that_o be_v common_a all_o man_n of_o necessity_n must_v make_v use_v of_o possible_a and_o impossible_a in_o their_o oration_n other_o must_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o thing_n will_v be_v other_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o in_o all_o oration_n for_o all_o man_n make_v use_v of_o diminution_n and_o amplification_n as_o well_o they_o who_o consult_v as_o they_o who_o dissuade_v or_o persuade_v as_o well_o they_o who_o praise_v as_o they_o who_o dispraise_n as_o well_o they_o who_o sue_v as_o they_o who_o defend_v chap._n xix_o of_o thing_n possible_a and_o impossible_a first_o then_o let_v we_o see_v what_o thing_n be_v possible_a what_o impossible_a if_o therefore_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v or_o be_v do_v the_o contrary_n may_v also_o be_v possible_a for_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o he_o may_v be_v cure_v it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v be_v sick_a since_o that_o be_v the_o power_n of_o contrary_n quatenus_fw-la contrary_n also_o if_o like_o may_v be_v possible_a so_o also_o may_v be_v unlike_a also_o if_o what_o be_v more_o difficult_a be_v possible_a in_o like_a manner_n what_o be_v less_o difficult_a for_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o make_v a_o stately_a house_n than_o a_o house_n also_o where_o the_o beginning_n be_v possible_a the_o end_n be_v possible_a for_o never_o any_o impossibility_n will_v ever_o be_v do_v or_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v do_v thus_o no_o man_n will_v ever_o begin_v to_o make_v a_o diameter_n simmetrical_a also_o where_o there_o may_v be_v a_o end_n there_o be_v a_o beginning_n for_o all_o thing_n arise_v from_o the_o beginning_n moreover_o if_o what_o be_v posterior_n in_o substance_n and_o original_n may_v be_v possible_a also_o that_o which_o be_v prior._n thus_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v it_o be_v also_o possible_a for_o a_o boy_n to_o be_v or_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o boy_n to_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n for_o a_o man._n as_o also_o such_o thing_n for_o which_o we_o have_v a_o natural_a love_n or_o desire_v for_o no_o man_n love_v or_o real_o desire_v impossibility_n also_o such_o thing_n of_o which_o art_n and_o science_n take_v cognizance_n for_o all_o such_o thing_n be_v possible_a also_o these_o thing_n who_o principle_n of_o so_o be_v be_v in_o those_o thing_n to_o which_o we_o can_v either_o constrain_v or_o persuade_v as_o better_n and_o superior_n lord_n and_o master_n or_o friend_n also_o where_o the_o whole_a be_v possible_a there_o the_o part_n if_o the_o garment_n than_o the_o sleeve_n if_o the_o kind_n than_o the_o form_n if_o the_o form_n then_o the_o kind_n for_o example_n if_o a_o ship_n then_o a_o flyboat_n or_o galley_n if_o a_o flyboat_n than_o a_o ship_n also_o if_o the_o one_o of_o two_o thing_n mutual_o agree_v between_o themselves_o than_o the_o other_o as_o if_o the_o whole_a than_o the_o half_a and_o if_o the_o half_a the_o double_a also_o if_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v without_o art_n and_o care_n much_o more_o by_o art_n and_o inudstry_n wherefore_o it_o be_v say_v by_o agatho_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o man_n by_o fortune_n do_v and_o some_o by_o art_n by_o need_n constrain_v thereto_o and_o it_o if_o be_v possible_a for_o man_n every_o way_n infer_v or_o and_o more_o inconsiderate_a certain_o their_o contrary_n will_v find_v it_o as_o possible_a as_o socrates_n say_v it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a thing_n if_o he_o can_v not_o find_v out_o what_o euthymius_n learn_v thus_o much_o of_o possibility_n what_o be_v impossible_a be_v manifest_a from_o the_o contrary_n to_o possible_a now_o from_o hence_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o thing_n be_v do_v or_o no._n for_o if_o that_o be_v do_v which_o be_v less_o probable_a in_o nature_n also_o that_o which_o be_v more_o and_o if_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v afterward_o it_o be_v do_v before_o as_o if_o a_o man_n have_v forget_v that_o time_n be_v when_o he_o learn_v what_o he_o forget_v also_o if_o he_o have_v a_o will_n and_o can_v he_o do_v it_o for_o all_o man_n act_v if_o they_o can_v when_o they_o have_v a_o will_n at_o least_o there_o be_v no_o impediment_n but_o that_o they_o may_v and_o if_o he_o can_v and_o desire_v and_o if_o he_o can_v and_o it_o be_v a_o pleasure_n to_o he_o for_o all_o man_n act_v if_o they_o can_v according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n the_o debauch_a as_o be_v please_v with_o their_o intemperance_n man_n of_o integrity_n as_o desire_v just_a and_o honest_a thing_n also_o if_o he_o go_v about_o it_o for_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o do_v what_o he_o go_v about_o or_o if_o those_o thing_n be_v do_v which_o precede_v the_o do_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o thunder_v it_o lighten_v or_o if_o he_o endeavour_v he_o do_v it_o now_o of_o all_o these_o thing_n some_o be_v through_o necessity_n other_o so_o in_o themselves_o as_o for_o what_o be_v not_o do_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o contrary_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o manifest_a from_o thence_o what_o will_v be_v for_o what_o be_v in_o the_o power_n and_o the_o will_v to_o be_v will_v be_v and_o what_o be_v in_o the_o desire_n in_o passion_n and_o the_o consideration_n of_o profit_n where_o there_o be_v a_o power_n also_o if_o a_o man_n be_v carry_v on_o with_o precipitation_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o a_o opportunity_n offer_v to_o act_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o will_v be_v do_v and_o sometime_o thing_n that_o will_v be_v happen_v soon_o than_o thing_n present_o design_v also_o if_o those_o thing_n be_v do_v before_o which_o nature_n order_v to_o precede_v as_o if_o it_o be_v cloudy_a it_o will_v rain_v or_o if_o that_o be_v do_v which_o be_v do_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o if_o the_o foundation_n than_o the_o house_n as_o for_o magnitude_n and_o smallness_n great_a or_o less_o as_o also_o great_a thing_n and_o little_a thing_n it_o be_v manifest_v what_o they_o be_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v now_o because_o every_o oration_n propose_v for_o its_o end_n what_o be_v good_a profitable_a and_o honest_a amplification_n must_v therefore_o be_v take_v from_o all_o these_o topic_n for_o beside_o these_o thing_n to_o seek_v after_o any_o thing_n in_o reference_n to_o magnitude_n and_o excellency_n simple_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a dispute_n for_o singular_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o use_v then_o universals_z chap._n xx._n of_o example_n have_v thus_o speak_v of_o proper_a proof_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o common_a proof_n which_o be_v twofold_a example_n and_o enthymeme_n for_o a_o sentence_n be_v part_n of_o a_o enthymeme_n but_o first_o of_o example_n for_o example_n be_v like_a induction_n and_o induction_n be_v a_o principle_n of_o example_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o one_o that_o speak_v of_o thing_n past_a the_o other_o that_o feign_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o of_o this_o the_o one_o part_n be_v similitude_n the_o other_o fable_n like_o those_o of_o aesop_n and_o iâ—bicus_n example_n therefore_o be_v as_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v say_v forces_z ought_v to_o be_v raise_v against_o the_o king_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v he_o to_o reduce_v egypt_n into_o his_o power_n because_o darius_n do_v not_o cross_v over_o the_o sea_n before_o he_o take_v egypt_n but_o when_o he_o have_v crosied_a the_o sea_n he_o take_v egypt_n so_o he_o that_o will_v take_v egypt_n must_v cross_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suffer_v
deceive_v believe_v that_o either_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a or_o not_o to_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v for_o he_o be_v not_o only_o to_o judge_v from_o necessary_n but_o from_o probability_n which_o be_v to_o judge_v most_o judicious_o therefore_o the_o dissolution_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v by_o prove_v it_o not_o necessary_a but_o by_o prove_v it_o not_o to_o be_v probable_a which_o will_v be_v do_v if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o frequent_o use_v to_o be_v so_o which_o objection_n may_v be_v twofold_a either_o as_o to_o the_o time_n or_o to_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o than_o it_o be_v most_o prevalent_a if_o it_o hold_v good_a in_o both_o for_o the_o more_o and_o the_o often_o the_o more_o probable_a sign_n and_o enthymem_v draw_v from_o sign_n be_v dissolve_v as_o we_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v in_o our_o analysis_n enthymeme_v from_o example_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o from_o probability_n for_o if_o we_o produce_v any_o thing_n which_o have_v not_o so_o happen_v it_o be_v dissolve_v as_o not_o be_v necessary_a or_o because_o more_o thing_n have_v happen_v otherwise_o and_o often_o if_o then_o more_o and_o often_o than_o we_o be_v to_o argue_v it_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n that_o it_o be_v not_o like_a or_o not_o in_o like_a manner_n or_o that_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n but_o demonstration_n and_o enthymeme_v draw_v from_o demonstration_n can_v be_v dissolve_v because_o they_o do_v not_o collect_v syllogistical_o and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v so_o as_o it_o be_v say_v which_o if_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v so_o and_o to_o be_v a_o demonstration_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v dissolve_v since_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a than_o demonstration_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o aggravation_n and_o extenuation_n but_o aggravation_n and_o extenuation_n be_v not_o the_o element_n of_o a_o enthymeme_n i_o call_v a_o element_n and_o a_o place_n the_o same_o and_o a_o element_n or_o place_n be_v that_o into_o which_o many_o enthymeme_v happen_v but_o amplification_n and_o diminution_n be_v enthymeme_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v great_a or_o little_a good_a or_o bad_a just_a or_o unjust_a and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n all_o which_o thing_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o enthymemes_n and_o syllogism_n so_o that_o if_o none_o of_o these_o be_v the_o place_n of_o a_o enthymeme_n than_o neither_o aggravation_n nor_o extenuation_n nor_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o dissolve_v enthymemes_n any_o species_n of_o a_o enthymeme_n that_o avail_n to_o confirmation_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o who_o demonstrate_v or_o bring_v a_o objection_n dissolve_v on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v a_o contrary_a demonstration_n of_o opposite_n while_o the_o one_o prove_v it_o be_v not_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v do_v so_o that_o here_o can_v be_v no_o difference_n for_o they_o use_v both_o the_o same_o enthymeme_v that_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o but_o a_o objection_n be_v no_o enthymem_n only_o a_o certain_a opinion_n whence_o it_o will_v become_v perspicuous_a that_o the_o person_n have_v either_o not_o syllogistical_o conclude_v or_o assume_v something_o that_o be_v false_a aristotle_n rhetoric_n to_o theodectes_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._n of_o the_o part_n of_o rhetoric_n we_o be_v now_o to_o discourse_v of_o elocution_n for_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o have_v in_o stock_n what_o we_o ought_v to_o speak_v but_o to_o speak_v what_o we_o have_v as_o we_o ought_v to_o which_o it_o much_o conduce_v that_o the_o oration_n shall_v appear_v garbate_n and_o polite_a and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o inquire_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n what_o those_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v capable_a to_o persuade_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o dispose_v these_o thing_n for_o utterance_n the_o three_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n yet_o never_o hitherto_o explain_v concern_v action_n and_o delivery_n as_o be_v but_o of_o modern_a use_n in_o tragedy_n and_o comedy_n in_o regard_n that_o former_o the_o poet_n rehearse_v their_o own_o work_n themselves_o and_o it_o be_v manifest_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o rhetoric_n as_o in_o poetry_n of_o which_o other_o have_v discourse_v especial_o glauco_fw-la the_o teian_a now_o pronunciation_n consist_v in_o the_o voice_n how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o according_a to_o every_o affection_n as_o when_o lowed_a when_o soft_a when_o between_o both_o and_o what_o accent_n to_o make_v use_n of_o and_o what_o measure_n be_v proper_a for_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v magnitude_n harmony_n and_o number_n and_o these_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o general_o carry_v away_o the_o prize_n at_o the_o public_a trial_n of_o skill_n and_o as_o the_o actor_n in_o the_o poetical_a contest_v be_v more_o value_v than_o the_o poet_n themselves_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o civil_a because_o of_o the_o corruption_n of_o common_a weal_n nor_o be_v it_o yet_o reduce_v into_o a_o art_n in_o regard_n that_o elocution_n be_v but_o a_o novelty_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o a_o slight_a thing_n if_o right_o examine_v but_o in_o regard_n the_o study_n and_o practise_v of_o rhetoric_n depend_v upon_o opinion_n we_o must_v not_o neglect_v it_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n more_o necessary_a than_o useful_a since_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v desire_v in_o speak_v more_o than_o to_o avoid_v be_v troublesome_a and_o unpleasant_a for_o that_o when_o we_o contend_v about_o thing_n and_o matter_n all_o thing_n else_o except_o demonstration_n be_v needless_a and_o yet_o they_o great_o prevail_v upon_o deprave_a auditory_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v elocution_n have_v some_o little_a kind_n of_o necessity_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o learning_n for_o it_o be_v of_o use_n to_o manifest_v whither_o the_o person_n speak_v so_o or_o so_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o for_o indeed_o all_o these_o thing_n depend_v upon_o fancy_n and_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o auditory_a and_o therefore_o no_o man_n teach_v geometry_n like_o a_o orator_n yet_o pronunciation_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v use_v there_o will_v prove_v as_o effectual_a as_o when_o it_o be_v hear_v upon_o the_o stage_n some_o however_o have_v attempt_v to_o say_v something_o concern_v it_o as_o tâ—râ—symachus_n in_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v eleâ—_n beside_o nature_n be_v more_o prone_a to_o action_n as_o less_o addict_v to_o art_n but_o elocution_n be_v altogether_o artificial_a and_o therefore_o reward_n be_v give_v to_o those_o that_o prove_v themselves_o most_o excellent_a at_o that_o as_o to_z orator_n that_o excel_v in_o gesture_n and_o action_n for_o oration_n prevail_v more_o be_v well_o speak_v then_o well_o write_v therefore_o the_o poet_n be_v the_o first_o that_o promote_v action_n for_o name_n be_v but_o imitation_n which_o â—as_v the_o season_n that_o rhapsodeis_n and_o stage_n tread_v become_v arts._n now_o because_o the_o poâ—ts_n though_o speak_v frivolous_a thing_n have_v seem_v to_o gain_v honour_n by_o their_o manner_n of_o delivery_n therefore_o poetic_a elocution_n be_v first_o receiv_v d_o as_o that_o of_o gorgias_n and_o now_o many_o illiterate_a person_n believe_v themselves_o great_a author_n upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o prose_n and_o verse_n be_v quite_o different_a as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o even_o for_o the_o tragedian_n now_o no_o long_o use_v that_o manner_n but_o as_o they_o have_v leave_v tetrameter_n bâ—â—akeâ—_n themselves_o to_o the_o jambic_a as_o be_v 〈◊〉_d most_o proper_a among_o other_o measure_n for_o speech_n so_o they_o have_v lave_v aside_o all_o name_n not_o agreeable_a to_o custom_n which_o former_o and_o still_o in_o hexameter_n the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o as_o ornament_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o imitate_v they_o in_o those_o thy_o g_n which_o they_o have_v lay_v aside_o as_o disagreeable_a chap._n ii_o of_o elocution_n now_o than_o the_o virtue_n of_o elocution_n be_v to_o be_v plain_a which_o that_o it_o be_v so_o this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o if_o the_o oration_n do_v not_o make_v plain_a and_o apparent_a it_o do_v not_o do_v its_o work_n nor_o must_v the_o stile_n be_v low_a nor_o exceed_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n but_o according_a to_o decorum_n for_o a_o poetic_a stile_n may_v not_o be_v low_a yet_o not_o proper_a for_o a_o prose_n oration_n name_n also_o and_o word_n which_o be_v proper_a render_v a_o oration_n prospicuous_a yet_o not_o mean_v but_o polite_a and_o graceful_a variety_n of_o word_n render_v the_o oration_n also_o more_o majestic_a for_o like_o the_o converse_n of_o man_n with_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n such_o be_v the_o pleasure_n we_o take_v in_o novelty_n of_o word_n therefore_o word_n the_o most_o unusual_a be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o man_n admire_v novelty_n and_o what_o we_o admire_v
other_o live_v creature_n to_o which_o if_o we_o attain_v we_o shall_v also_o differ_v in_o excellency_n from_o all_o other_o mortal_n as_o receive_v from_o heaven_n the_o great_a honour_n which_o the_o god_n bestow_v on_o men._n for_o if_o other_o creature_n have_v the_o use_n of_o desire_n anger_n and_o other_o affection_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o other_o creature_n have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n except_o man._n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v the_o absurde_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n if_o in_o this_o alone_o be_v the_o most_o happy_a of_o all_o creature_n we_o shall_v through_o negligence_n forsake_v such_o a_o guide_n to_o well-living_a therefore_o i_o admonish_v thou_o again_o and_o again_o though_o of_o thyself_o sufficient_o thereto_o incline_v diligent_o to_o embrace_v the_o philosophy_n of_o eloquence_n for_o as_o the_o body_n be_v preserve_v by_o health_n so_o be_v the_o mind_n preserve_v by_o discipline_n and_o sound_a learning_n for_o so_o guide_v and_o conduct_v thou_o can_v not_o err_v in_o the_o management_n of_o thy_o grand_a affair_n but_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v what_o thou_o have_v purchase_v by_o thy_o virtue_n again_o if_o it_o be_v so_o delightful_a to_o see_v with_o the_o eye_n certain_o it_o must_v be_v much_o more_o please_a to_o discern_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o as_o a_o general_n be_v the_o preserver_n of_o his_o army_n so_o eloquence_n be_v join_v to_o wisdom_n be_v the_o pilot_n of_o humane_a life_n i_o have_v receive_v thy_o far_a command_n that_o no_o man_n live_v beside_o shall_v take_v this_o book_n in_o band_n well_o know_v that_o as_o parent_n bear_v a_o great_a affection_n to_o child_n beget_v upon_o their_o own_o body_n then_o to_o such_o as_o be_v supposititious_a in_o like_a manner_n they_o who_o apprehend_v some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a invention_n in_o themselves_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o a_o great_a fervency_n to_o perfect_v what_o they_o have_v once_o begin_v for_o some_o man_n will_v hazard_v death_n for_o their_o invention_n as_o soon_o as_o for_o their_o child_n though_o the_o parian_a sophister_n so_o call_v because_o they_o do_v not_o bring_v forth_o through_o slothful_a negligence_n despise_v their_o low_a invention_n and_o sell_v they_o for_o money_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o earnest_o exhort_v thou_o so_o to_o observe_v and_o defend_v these_o precept_n of_o eloquence_n that_o as_o they_o grow_v in_o year_n they_o may_v not_o be_v ravish_v from_o thou_o by_o any_o man_n wealth_n but_o may_v live_v with_o thou_o virtuous_o and_o honourable_o and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o full_a maturity_n may_v obtain_v immortal_a honour_n chap._n ii_o of_o ratiocination_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o political_a ratiocination_n deliberative_a demonstrative_a and_o judicial_a of_o these_o there_o be_v seven_o species_n persuasion_n dissuasion_n praise_n dispraise_v accusation_n defence_n and_o question_v either_o as_o to_o its_o self_n or_o to_o something_o else_o and_o we_o make_v use_v of_o these_o in_o popular_a harangue_n in_o plead_n concern_v contract_n and_o in_o private_a discourse_n of_o all_o which_o we_o may_v speak_v that_o which_o be_v most_o adapt_v and_o proper_a if_o we_o enumerate_v their_o efficacy_n their_o use_n and_o practicability_n first_o therefore_o let_v we_o discourse_v of_o persuasion_n and_o dissuasion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v most_o use_n in_o popular_a harangue_n and_o private_a converse_n general_o therefore_o persuasion_n be_v a_o exhortation_n to_o elect_v to_o speak_v or_o act_n dissuasion_n be_v the_o impede_n from_o election_n from_o speak_v or_o act_v which_o be_v thus_o define_v he_o that_o persuade_v must_v show_v those_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o exhort_v to_o be_v either_o just_a or_o legal_a profitable_a honest_a delightful_a or_o easy_o practicable_a if_o not_o he_o must_v make_v they_o appear_v to_o be_v possible_a if_o he_o exhort_v to_o difficult_a thing_n and_o make_v it_o out_o that_o they_o be_v necessary_a he_o that_o dissuade_v must_v make_v the_o contrary_n appear_v as_o that_o they_o be_v unjust_a illegal_a useless_a unpleasing_a dishonest_a and_o impossible_a to_o be_v accomplish_v if_o not_o that_o they_o be_v difficult_a troublesome_a and_o not_o necessary_a for_o all_o action_n participate_v of_o these_o thing_n so_o that_o he_o who_o have_v neither_o of_o these_o proposition_n want_n argument_n now_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o define_v every_o one_o of_o these_o and_o to_o show_v how_o we_o may_v be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o all_o these_o for_o argument_n therefore_o the_o unwritten_a custom_n of_o all_o or_o most_o be_v but_o just_a in_o the_o definition_n of_o what_o be_v honest_a what_o infamous_a as_o to_o honour_v our_o parent_n to_o love_v our_o friend_n and_o be_v grateful_a to_o our_o benefactor_n for_o such_o precept_n as_o these_o be_v not_o command_v by_o the_o write_a law_n but_o by_o unwritten_a custom_n and_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nature_n these_o therefore_o be_v just_a thing_n the_o law_n be_v the_o common_a consent_n of_o a_o city_n command_v in_o write_v how_o we_o ought_v to_o act_v in_o such_o and_o such_o particular_n profitable_a be_v the_o conservation_n of_o present_a benefit_n the_o acquire_v of_o absent_a benefit_n or_o the_o ward_n off_o present_a evil_n or_o the_o prohibition_n of_o threat_a inconvenience_n this_o must_v be_v divide_v as_o to_o present_a person_n into_o body_n and_o soul_n and_o thing_n external_a to_o the_o body_n be_v profitable_a strength_n beauty_n health_n to_o the_o soul_n fortitude_n wisdom_n justice_n external_n thing_n be_v friend_n money_n land_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o be_v unprofitable_a profitable_a to_o a_o commonweal_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o these_o concord_n warlike_a force_n money_n revenue_n many_o and_o stout_a ally_n and_o such_o like_a the_o contrary_a to_o which_o be_v unprofitable_a honest_a thing_n be_v such_o as_o from_o which_o some_o splendour_n or_o illustrious_a honour_n flow_v upon_o those_o who_o have_v act_v honourable_o delightful_a thing_n be_v those_o which_o affect_v we_o with_o gladness_n easy_a thing_n be_v those_o which_o be_v accomplish_v in_o a_o shore_n time_n with_o little_a labour_n and_o expense_n possible_a thing_n be_v those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o nature_n necessary_a thing_n be_v those_o which_o be_v not_o at_o our_o disposal_n to_o do_v or_o let_v alone_o but_o be_v act_v as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o certain_a divine_a or_o humane_a necessity_n of_o all_o which_o we_o may_v draw_v argument_n in_o abundance_n from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v or_o from_o their_o like_a or_o contrary_n and_o from_o those_o thing_n already_o adjudge_v either_o by_o the_o immortal_a god_n or_o by_o famous_a and_o celebrate_a man_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n or_o by_o our_o adversary_n thus_o we_o have_v show_v what_o be_v just_a and_o like_a to_o just_a be_v much_o the_o same_o for_o as_o we_o esteem_v it_o just_a to_o obey_v our_o parent_n it_o be_v also_o expedient_a that_o child_n shall_v imitate_v the_o noble_a act_n of_o their_o predecessor_n and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o just_a to_o be_v grateful_a to_o our_o benefactor_n so_o it_o be_v like_a to_o just_a not_o to_o injure_v those_o from_o who_o we_o have_v receive_v no_o harm_n now_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o make_v the_o example_n perspicuous_a from_o the_o contrary_n for_o as_o it_o be_v just_a to_o punish_v those_o who_o have_v high_o offend_v so_o it_o but_o just_a to_o be_v grateful_a to_o our_o benefactor_n now_o what_o have_v be_v adjudge_v just_a by_o celebrate_a person_n be_v so_o to_o be_v deem_v for_o not_o only_o we_o ourselves_o prosecute_v our_o enemy_n and_o seek_v their_o mischief_n but_o the_o athenian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n adjudge_v it_o to_o be_v just_a in_o this_o manner_n frequent_a use_n make_v a_o thing_n just_a for_o where_o it_o be_v profitable_a the_o sentence_n a_o giver_n ought_v to_o recite_v the_o law_n than_o what_o be_v like_o the_o write_a law_n which_o may_v be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o as_o the_o lawgiver_n desire_v that_o robber_n shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n impostor_n and_o deceiver_n be_v also_o to_o be_v punish_v for_o they_o likewise_o rob_v the_o understanding_n and_o as_o the_o lawgiver_n appoint_v the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o be_v heir_n to_o those_o that_o die_v without_o child_n in_o like_a manner_n ought_v i_o to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o free_a servant_n for_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a that_o set_v the_o servant_n free_a it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o i_o shall_v be_v master_n likewise_o of_o all_o his_o good_n in_o this_o manner_n therefore_o be_v like_a to_o legal_a take_v but_o the_o contrary_a thus_o for_o if_o the_o law_n forbid_v that_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v private_o distribute_v it_o
when_o the_o law_n determine_v the_o punishment_n he_o be_v to_o show_v that_o either_o he_o have_v commit_v no_o fact_n at_o all_o or_o that_o he_o have_v do_v just_o and_o according_a to_o law_n and_o where_o the_o trespass_n be_v only_o finable_a he_o be_v to_o extenuate_v the_o offence_n as_o of_o little_a consequence_n that_o the_o injury_n be_v small_a and_o unwilling_o do_v chap._n vi_o of_o question_n a_o question_n be_v the_o exhibit_v of_o pre-election_n deed_n or_o action_n contrary_a one_o to_o another_o or_o to_o another_o manner_n of_o life_n he_o than_o that_o ask_v a_o question_n must_v demand_v whether_o the_o word_n or_o the_o action_n or_o the_o pre-election_n differ_v one_o from_o another_o now_o the_o method_n be_v this_o to_o look_v back_o into_o the_o time_n past_a and_o consider_v whether_o any_o one_o be_v former_o a_o friend_n afterward_o become_v his_o enemy_n and_o then_o whether_o a_o friend_n again_o to_o the_o very_a same_o person_n or_o have_v do_v any_o other_o unfriendly_a act_n out_o of_o malice_n or_o will_v do_v if_o he_o have_v a_o opportunity_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v former_o do_v by_o he_o then_o observe_v if_o speak_v now_o he_o speak_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o speak_v before_o by_o himself_o or_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v report_v before_o and_o now_o say_v also_o whether_o he_o speak_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v speak_v before_o or_o will_v not_o if_o he_o have_v a_o opportunity_n also_o we_o be_v to_o add_v to_o the_o other_o honest_a study_n and_o diligence_n of_o the_o querent_fw-la the_o contrariety_n in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o question_n be_v put_v and_o whoever_o thus_o manage_n the_o question_v part_n shall_v not_o omit_v any_o manner_n of_o put_v a_o question_n and_o thus_o all_o the_o part_n of_o question_v be_v divide_v they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o several_o as_o occasion_n require_v or_o intermix_v their_o force_n and_o ability_n together_o for_o they_o contain_v great_a variety_n nevertheless_o they_o communicate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o different_a form_n of_o men._n for_o they_o be_v partly_o alike_o and_o partly_o unlike_a as_o well_o in_o their_o aspect_n as_o in_o their_o sense_n therefore_o have_v thus_o determine_v the_o several_a species_n and_o what_o they_o want_v let_v we_o now_o enumerate_v how_o many_o way_n they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o chap._n vii_o first_o therefore_o just_a and_o legal_a profitable_a and_o honest_a as_o we_o divide_v they_o before_o be_v agreeable_a to_o all_o the_o species_n but_o in_o persuasion_n we_o chief_o make_v use_v of_o these_o in_o the_o second_o place_n extenuation_n and_o aggravation_n be_v of_o necessity_n profitable_a beyond_o all_o the_o the_o rest_n but_o their_o chief_a use_n be_v in_o encomium_n and_o vilify_a oration_n in_o the_o three_o place_n probation_n which_o we_o be_v constrain_v to_o use_v in_o all_o part_n of_o oration_n but_o chief_o in_o accusation_n and_o defence_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o those_o be_v most_o controvert_v there_o be_v also_o anticipation_n petition_n repetition_n and_o tautology_n prolixity_n of_o oration_n mediocrity_n of_o length_n brevity_n of_o speak_v and_o interpretation_n chap._n viii_o of_o probation_n to_o begin_v therefore_o from_o probation_n of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n for_o some_o be_v produce_v from_o the_o word_n themselves_o some_o from_o these_o matter_n and_o some_o from_o the_o man_n other_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o thing_n say_v and_o do_v for_o probable_n example_n conjecture_n enthymemes_n sentence_n sign_n argument_n and_o proof_n be_v gather_v from_o the_o man_n themselves_o from_o the_o word_n and_o from_o the_o matter_n additional_a proof_n be_v witness_n oath_n and_o question_n probable_a which_o we_o call_v a_o probable_a proposition_n be_v that_o which_o when_o we_o have_v declare_v to_o the_o hearer_n they_o retain_v the_o example_n of_o the_o thing_n speak_v in_o their_o mind_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v he_o wish_v his_o country_n may_v flourish_n his_o friend_n may_v prosper_v and_o misfortune_n to_o his_o enemy_n they_o may_v collective_o seem_v probable_a for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o hearer_n have_v the_o same_o sentiment_n probable_o with_o the_o person_n that_o utter_v these_o wish_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v this_o diligent_o always_o in_o our_o oration_n whether_o we_o have_v leave_v the_o auditor_n conscious_a of_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o discourse_v to_o '_o they_o for_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o they_o give_v great_a credit_n to_o those_o thing_n probable_a be_v divide_v into_o three_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v when_o in_o our_o oration_n we_o comprehend_v the_o passion_n or_o affection_n general_o incident_a to_o all_o man_n as_o well_o when_o we_o accuse_v as_o when_o we_o defend_v as_o when_o any_o person_n despise_v or_o fear_v such_o a_o one_o or_o do_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n several_a time_n or_o be_v again_o affect_v with_o pleasure_n grief_n or_o desire_n or_o be_v void_a of_o desire_n or_o be_v wealthy_a or_o affect_v with_o any_o other_o passion_n to_o which_o out_o soul_n or_o body_n or_o sense_n be_v subject_a for_o these_o and_o such_o like_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v know_v to_o the_o hearer_n and_o these_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v natural_o incident_a to_o man_n must_v be_v comprehend_v in_o our_o oration_n the_o second_o part_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o probability_n which_o every_o one_o frame_n according_a to_o the_o general_a uses_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v gain_n for_o many_o time_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o gain_n force_v nature_n we_o bid_v adieu_o to_o our_o own_o inclination_n which_o thing_n be_v thus_o determine_v both_o in_o persuade_v and_o dissuade_v we_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v upon_o the_o thing_n require_v that_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o we_o exhort_v or_o to_o which_o we_o be_v a_o verse_n be_v according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v say_v or_o else_o that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v like_a to_o this_o matter_n be_v do_v as_o we_o say_v either_o the_o most_o or_o all_o in_o reference_n to_o thing_n therefore_o probable_a be_v thus_o to_o be_v take_v in_o reference_n to_o man_n especial_o in_o accusation_n if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v you_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v commit_v this_o fact_n former_o or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o be_v like_o it_o endeavour_v also_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v for_o his_o advantage_n to_o do_v these_o thing_n for_o most_o man_n adore_v profit_n imagine_v that_o other_o man_n do_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o profit_n if_o therefore_o you_o can_v wrest_v any_o probability_n from_o the_o adversary_n themselves_o make_v your_o collection_n in_o that_o manner_n which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v then_o infer_v from_o thing_n like_v to_o those_o which_o man_n be_v accustom_a to_o do_v for_o example_n it_o be_v a_o young_a man_n who_o you_o accuse_v and_o therefore_o prove_v he_o to_o have_v do_v those_o thing_n which_o man_n of_o his_o age_n be_v accustom_a to_o do_v for_o similitude_n of_o action_n will_v cause_v what_o you_o say_v against_o he_o to_o be_v credit_v for_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o familiarity_n with_o those_o young_a man_n of_o his_o own_o age_n he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o allow_v himself_o the_o same_o indulgence_n with_o his_o friend_n especial_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v make_v his_o comrade_n appear_v to_o be_v such_o as_o you_o say_v he_o be_v as_o for_o they_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o defensive_a part_n it_o behoove_v they_o to_o show_v that_o neither_o he_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o friend_n ever_o act_v former_o any_o of_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o they_o be_v accuse_v and_o that_o they_o can_v be_v no_o advantage_n to_o he_o or_o if_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v do_v the_o same_o before_o then_o let_v he_o lay_v the_o offence_n upon_o his_o age_n or_o bring_v some_o other_o argument_n to_o lesson_n his_o miscarriage_n let_v he_o say_v that_o it_o neither_o can_v be_v advantageous_a to_o he_o nor_o now_o but_o if_o nothing_o of_o this_o nature_n be_v commit_v by_o he_o but_o that_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n do_v some_o such_o thing_n let_v he_o plead_v the_o injustice_n of_o be_v accuse_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o other_o and_o then_o let_v he_o show_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o companian_o be_v sober_a and_o moderate_a young_a man_n for_o so_o the_o accusation_n will_v become_v dubious_a if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o some_o other_o like_v he_o have_v commit_v the_o same_o fact_n let_v he_o urge_v that_o because_o certain_a other_o appear_v to_o have_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v no_o argument_n