Selected quad for the lemma: nation_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
nation_n	law_n	nature_n	positive_a	2,085	5	11.0131	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87609	A discourse consisting of motives for the enlargement and freedome of trade· Especially that of cloth, and other vvoollen manufactures, engrossed at present contrary to [brace] the law of nature, the law of nations, and the lawes of this kingdome. / By a company of private men who stile themselves merchant-adventurers. The first part. Aprill. 11. 1645 Imprimatur, Na. Brent.	Johnson, Thomas, marchant.	1645 (1645)	Wing J849A; Thomason E260_21; ESTC R212472	22,833	55

a_o discourse_n consist_v of_o motive_n for_o the_o enlargement_n and_o freedom_n of_o trade_n especial_o that_o of_o cloth_n and_o other_o woollen_a manufacture_n ingross_v at_o present_a contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n contrary_a to_o and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o a_o company_n of_o private_a man_n who_o style_v themselves_o merchant-adventurer_n the_o first_o part._n imprimatur_fw-la na_fw-mi brent_n april_n 11._o 1645_o london_n print_v by_o richard_n bishop_n for_o stephen_n bowtell_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o bible_n in_o popes-head_n alley_n 1645._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n and_z commons_z in_o parliament_n assemble_v right_o honourable_a the_o scope_n and_o substance_n of_o this_o follow_a discourse_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v by_o clear_a and_o unanswerable_a argument_n the_o illegality_n of_o the_o incorporation_n of_o those_o who_o sole_o ascribe_v unto_o themselves_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n though_o they_o trade_v but_o unto_o two_o town_n only_o and_o those_o hard_a by_o and_o to_o show_v further_o how_o their_o patent_n trench_v upon_o the_o native_a right_n of_o the_o freeborn_a subject_n which_o patent_n have_v be_v often_o complain_v of_o and_o clamord_v against_o from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o a_o universal_a greevance_n to_o town_n and_o country_n tend_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o trade_n and_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o manufacture_n at_o home_n and_o to_o the_o dis-repute_n of_o the_o policy_n of_o this_o nation_n abroad_o the_o say_a patent_n be_v account_v no_o less_o among_o all_o people_n than_o a_o monopoly_n a_o word_n odious_a all_o the_o world_n over_o this_o incorporation_n have_v be_v like_o a_o ulcer_n upon_o the_o body_n politic_a of_o this_o kingdom_n a_o long_a time_n which_o have_v be_v often_o rub_v and_o lance_v yet_o it_o close_v again_o and_o gather_v more_o corruption_n then_o former_o and_o now_o require_v a_o great_a cure_n than_o ever_o therefore_o in_o all_o humbleness_n it_o be_v pray_v that_o this_o honourable_a court_n and_o high_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v already_o do_v so_o many_o glorious_a thing_n for_o the_o public_a liberty_n right_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o free_a bear_v subject_a will_v be_v please_v to_o peruse_v the_o ensue_a discourse_n and_o poise_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o reason_n argument_n and_o proof_n therein_o produce_v which_o be_v derive_v from_o true_a fountain_n and_o so_o to_o do_v therein_o what_o in_o their_o high_a wisdom_n and_o justice_n they_o shall_v think_v expedient_a for_o the_o redress_n of_o such_o a_o nationall_n grievance_n a_o discourse_n consist_v of_o motive_n for_o the_o enlargement_n and_o freedom_n of_o trade_n especial_o that_o of_o cloth_n and_o other_o woollen_a manufacture_n ingross_v at_o present_a contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n by_o a_o company_n of_o private_a man_n who_o style_v themselves_o merchant-adventurer_n the_o terrestrial_a globe_n in_o cut_n out_o into_o island_n and_o continent_n both_o which_o be_v create_v to_o be_v a_o mansion_n for_o man_n and_o although_o they_o be_v sever_v by_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v join_v together_o by_o commerce_n which_o be_v that_o great_a link_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o golden_a chain_n which_o unite_v all_o nation_n and_o though_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n be_v of_o themselves_o as_o differ_v element_n as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o divine_a providence_n by_o a_o special_a foresight_n have_v so_o indent_v as_o it_o be_v and_o embosomd_v they_o one_o in_o the_o other_o that_o they_o make_v but_o one_o perfect_a globe_n to_o render_v they_o thereby_o more_o apt_a for_o the_o mutual_a commerce_n and_o negotiation_n of_o mankind_n of_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n island_n which_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v tear_v off_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n stand_v most_o in_o need_n of_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o ship_v whereon_o their_o security_n and_o strength_n do_v principal_o depend_v as_o for_o divers_a other_o advantage_n conduce_v to_o wealth_n to_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o superfluity_n of_o their_o own_o native_a commodity_n and_o the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a to_o intelligence_n and_o prevention_n of_o danger_n and_o last_o to_o the_o improvement_n of_o civility_n and_o knowledge_n and_o this_o our_o island_n for_o aught_o any_o one_o know_v may_v have_v remain_v to_o this_o day_n in_o her_o first_o simplicity_n and_o rudeness_n have_v she_o not_o refine_v and_o civilise_a herself_o by_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o the_o next_o continent_n and_o they_o of_o the_o next_o continent_n have_v they_o not_o cross_v the_o alps_o to_o italy_n and_o the_o italian_n themselves_o have_v they_o not_o have_v practice_n with_o the_o levantine_n and_o other_o eagle-eyed_a nation_n who_o dwell_v near_a the_o sun_n rise_v among_o the_o island_n of_o the_o old_a world_n great_a britain_n have_v be_v cry_v up_o for_o the_o big_a and_o best_a replenish_v with_o those_o commodity_n that_o be_v most_o material_a and_o useful_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n whereof_o she_o have_v not_o only_o a_o competency_n for_o herself_o but_o enough_o to_o spare_v her_o neighbour_n which_o by_o way_n of_o surplusage_n she_o use_v to_o disperse_v to_o most_o country_n whereby_o she_o beat_v a_o general_a trade_n and_o make_v rich_a return_n with_o she_o own_o home-growne_a good_n which_o trade_n may_v be_v term_v the_o prime_a sinew_n and_o chief_a support_n both_o of_o her_o strength_n and_o riches_n now_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o advantageous_a and_o commendable_a in_o a_o trade_n as_o community_n and_o freedom_n for_o in_o this_o particular_a as_o in_o most_o thing_n else_o the_o topique_n axiom_n hold_v bonum_fw-la quò_fw-la communius_fw-la cò_fw-la meliùs_fw-la the_o more_o common_a and_o diffusive_a a_o good_a thing_n be_v the_o better_a it_o be_v the_o most_o substantial_a and_o staple_n commodity_n that_o our_o country_n afford_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o trade_n be_v cloth_n with_o divers_a manufacture_n beside_o arise_v from_o wool_n which_o make_v other_o nation_n call_v wool_n england_n golden_a fleece_n and_o questionless_a the_o principal_a reason_n why_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n our_o judge_n who_o be_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o law_n do_v sit_v in_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n upon_o wooll-sack_n be_v to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o preserve_v and_o advance_v the_o trade_n and_o manufacture_n of_o wool_n therefore_o to_o bar_v any_o freeborn_a subject_n from_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o invention_n and_o industry_n to_o convert_v this_o universal_a native_a commodity_n to_o his_o best_a advantage_n at_o home_n or_o abroad_o be_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o part_n of_o his_o birthright_n and_o of_o that_o which_o god_n and_o nature_n ordain_v for_o his_o subsistence_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o it_o be_v to_o set_v a_o mark_n of_o strangeness_n or_o rather_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o slavery_n upon_o he_o in_o his_o own_o country_n hence_o it_o may_v well_o be_v inferrd_v that_o for_o one_o company_n or_o incorporation_n to_o arrogate_v to_o itself_o and_o to_o engross_v the_o manage_v expense_n and_o vend_v of_o this_o necessary_a inmated_a commodity_n be_v a_o injury_n to_o public_a right_n and_o no_o less_o than_o a_o mere_a monopoly_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o undoubted_a principle_n of_o state_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o any_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n than_o monopoly_n which_o like_a incubus_n do_v suck_v the_o very_a vital_a spirit_n and_o drive_v into_o one_o vein_n that_o mass_n of_o blood_n which_o shall_v cherish_v the_o whole_a body_n nor_o do_v this_o word_n monopoly_n according_a to_o its_o true_a etymology_n refer_v only_o to_o one_o individual_a person_n but_o also_o to_o any_o one_o town_n where_o many_o man_n be_v incorporate_v or_o aggregated_a into_o one_o body_n who_o have_v hook_v to_o themselves_o the_o sole_a exercise_n and_o emolument_fw-fr of_o such_o and_o such_o a_o trade_n whereby_o they_o only_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o admit_v no_o other_o to_o enter_v into_o their_o society_n without_o some_o exaction_n the_o fellowship_n and_o charter_n of_o they_o that_o term_v themselves_o merchant-adventurer_n under_o favour_n be_v a_o monopoly_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o be_v repugnant_a both_o 1._o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 2._o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 3._o to_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n first_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o regard_n that_o wool_n and_o the_o drape_n and_o merchandize_v thereof_o be_v the_o cape_n commodity_n wherewith_o nature_n the_o handmaid_n of_o god_n almighty_n have_v

receive_v the_o one_o moiety_n of_o all_o such_o fine_n and_o penalty_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o such_o intruder_n and_o further_o they_o agree_v to_o yield_v to_o his_o majesty_n in_o respect_n aforesaid_a a_o anwall_a rent_n of_o 50._o l._n or_o 100_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la as_o before_o by_o the_o recite_v act_n so_o likewise_o by_o this_o order_n it_o appear_v that_o merchant_n will_v not_o submit_v nor_o come_v into_o their_o company_n as_o they_o have_v just_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v therefore_o suit_n must_v be_v make_v to_o suppress_v they_o but_o the_o illegal_a power_n which_o the_o company_n use_v beget_v a_o petition_n for_o free_a trade_n in_o parliament_n against_o the_o company_n in_o anno_fw-la 1606_o which_o be_v judge_v in_o that_o supreme_a court_n so_o just_a and_o right_a that_o there_o pass_v a_o bill_n for_o a_o general_a liberty_n of_o trade_n with_o great_a applause_n of_o the_o house_n scarce_o forty_o dissent_v from_o it_o but_o the_o company_n find_v that_o the_o say_a bill_n will_v have_v dissolve_v their_o patent_n they_o make_v a_o cross_a presumptuous_a order_n which_o for_o that_o they_o have_v dare_v to_o do_v they_o may_v be_v true_o term_v adventurous_a merchant_n at_o a_o court_n hold_v april_n 5._o 1606._o the_o bill_n of_o general_a liberty_n of_o trade_n be_v now_o read_v and_o this_o court_n have_v consent_v that_o learned_a council_n shall_v be_v entertain_v and_o the_o enormity_n of_o the_o bill_n lay_v open_a with_o a_o manifestation_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o government_n in_o trade_n it_o be_v also_o further_o agree_v that_o all_o reasonable_a charge_n expend_v about_o the_o cross_n of_o that_o bill_n shall_v be_v defray_v by_o the_o treasurer_n here_o the_o transcript_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o order_n be_v true_o extract_v out_o of_o their_o own_o register_n and_o be_v concordant_a with_o the_o original_n touch_v the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n unto_o they_o and_o have_v touch_v the_o conscience_n of_o some_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o observe_v how_o they_o mention_v a_o power_n they_o have_v to_o make_v statute_n and_o it_o be_v proper_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v if_o they_o be_v a_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o term_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o oath_n and_o for_o the_o order_n by_o these_o and_o the_o follow_v one_o may_v find_v upon_o what_o a_o totter_a foundation_n their_o charter_n stand_v and_o by_o what_o indirect_a mean_n they_o support_v it_o be_v bear_v by_o strength_n of_o purse_n and_o court_n donative_n which_o in_o true_a english_a be_v but_o complemental_a bribe_n which_o dare_v not_o appear_v among_o their_o public_a account_n as_o be_v obvious_a by_o the_o follow_a order_n at_o a_o court_n hold_v decemb._n 23._o 1622._o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o general_a court_n this_o day_n they_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o business_n of_o the_o account_n require_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o this_o court_n conceive_v to_o be_v a_o matter_n that_o may_v concern_v divert_v occasion_n present_v with_o gratuity_n it_o be_v not_o thought_n meet_v to_o give_v any_o such_o account_n as_o may_v any_o way_n touch_v the_o say_v great_a personage_n but_o rather_o to_o a_o void_a the_o account_n by_o some_o good_a course_n to_o which_o end_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o master_n governor_n and_o master_n deputy_n or_o one_o of_o they_o do_v take_v some_o such_o course_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v convenient_a at_o a_o court_n hold_v novemb_n 16._o 1623._o the_o court_n have_v consideration_n according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n of_o their_o yearly_a present_n to_o such_o honourable_a personage_n as_o they_o have_v receive_v favour_n from_o and_o first_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v be_v extraordinary_o bind_v to_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o remembrance_n be_v now_o to_o be_v enlarge_v at_o newyeares_n tide_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v present_v his_o lordship_n with_o 200._o piece_n of_o 22._o s._n in_o gold_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o plate_n as_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o lordship_n special_a favour_n moreover_o to_o the_o lord_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n to_o the_o lord_n keeper_n to_o the_o lord_n precedent_n to_o mr._n secretary_n calvert_n to_o mr._n comptroller_n etc._n etc._n have_v make_v it_o apparent_a by_o the_o premise_n how_o this_o fraternity_n of_o engrosser_n be_v repugnant_a to_o all_o law_n both_o of_o nature_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o those_o of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v any_o municipal_a right_n thereunto_o it_o remain_v now_o to_o prove_v further_o that_o this_o selfe-enriching_a society_n derogate_v from_o the_o repute_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n abroad_o for_o they_o be_v esteem_v as_o indeed_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o monopoly_n which_o be_v odious_a every_o where_o make_v they_o lose_v both_o love_n and_o respect_n as_o well_o in_o germany_n as_o the_o netherlands_o for_o though_o they_o enjoy_v some_o immunity_n where_o they_o come_v for_o their_o diet_n and_o lodging_n it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o love_n unto_o they_o but_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o custom_n and_o other_o advantage_n they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o to_o that_o particular_a place_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o settle_v themselves_o no_o where_n yet_o but_o there_o have_v be_v jar_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o town_n at_o last_o which_o have_v make_v they_o remove_v their_o tent_n so_o oft_o and_o shift_v from_o place_n to_o place_n beside_o there_o be_v common_o ill_a blood_n breed_v and_o matter_n of_o contestation_n and_o envy_n betwixt_o that_o town_n where_o they_o seat_n themselves_o and_o other_o circumjacent_a town_n as_o happen_v of_o late_a year_n betwixt_o rotterdam_n and_o amsterdam_n out_o of_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n and_o the_o circumstance_n thereof_o this_o inference_n do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o company_n of_o those_o who_o style_v themselves_o merchant_n adventurer_n in_o statu_fw-la quo_fw-la nunc_fw-la take_v they_o in_o the_o condition_n they_o be_v now_o in_o be_v not_o only_o against_o the_o hereditary_a privilege_n but_o also_o a_o pressure_n and_o a_o grievance_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n to_o the_o freeborn_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o common_a lay_n that_o one_o tale_n be_v good_a till_o the_o other_o be_v tell_v let_v we_o examine_v and_o answer_v the_o argument_n they_o produce_v for_o their_o own_o vindication_n and_o defence_n the_o argument_n which_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n allege_v for_o their_o justification_n may_v be_v all_o reduce_v to_o these_o three_o head_n first_o they_o cry_v up_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o company_n second_o the_o ability_n of_o it_o three_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o 1._o touch_v the_o antiquity_n thereof_o they_o affirm_v their_o charter_n to_o have_v be_v grant_v they_o above_o 250._o year_n past_a 2._o touch_v their_o ability_n they_o allege_v that_o they_o be_v of_o sufficient_a wealth_n to_o take_v up_o and_o buy_v all_o the_o white_a clothes_n yearly_o make_v in_o this_o realm_n for_o ready_a money_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o have_v a_o great_a number_n add_v to_o they_o 3._o touch_v the_o necessity_n of_o their_o company_n they_o declare_v how_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o same_o and_o by_o their_o discreet_a government_n the_o commodity_n issue_v from_o wool_n have_v be_v high_o advance_v allege_v that_o clothes_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n h_n 7._o being_n worth_a but_o 3._o l._n be_v now_o sell_v for_o twice_o as_o much_o moreover_o they_o say_v that_o if_o liberty_n shall_v be_v grant_v every_o man_n to_o trade_n as_o he_o press_v the_o unskilfulnesse_n of_o the_o trader_n meet_v with_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o people_n with_o who_o they_o be_v to_o deal_v great_a loss_n will_v ensue_v thereby_o to_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o confusion_n that_o will_v inevitable_o follow_v to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o concern_v their_o antiquity_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o as_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o divinity_n that_o prescription_n can_v privilege_v a_o error_n no_o more_o can_v it_o do_v in_o civil_a government_n it_o be_v true_a when_o edw._n 3._o by_o his_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n have_v procure_v cloth_n to_o be_v make_v so_o plentiful_o within_o this_o realm_n he_o incite_v and_o stir_v up_o his_o subject_n to_o the_o vent_n of_o those_o clothes_n by_o transportation_n of_o they_o to_o foreign_a part_n whereby_o he_o grant_v they_o many_o favour_n and_o henry_n the_o four_o erect_v they_o to_o a_o company_n that_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o brotherhood_n of_o tho_n becket_n bp._n of_o cant._n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o any_o man_n pay_v

furnish_v this_o island_n and_o wherein_o she_o have_v give_v every_o freeborn_a inhabitant_n equal_a interest_n as_o matter_n for_o his_o industry_n to_o work_v upon_o sure_o she_o never_o intend_v that_o a_o thin_a handful_n of_o man_n a_o small_a contemptible_a number_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o a_o few_o trade_a member_n though_o their_o company_n consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n shall_v appropriate_v to_o themselves_o the_o dispose_v and_o vent_v of_o the_o two_o three_o of_o this_o general_a grand_a commodity_n as_o by_o diligent_a computation_n the_o merchant-adventurer_n be_v observe_v to_o do_v second_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o regard_n that_o no_o monarchy_n or_o kingdom_n whether_o elective_a or_o successive_a nor_o any_o other_o commonwealth_n or_o state_n throughout_o europe_n have_v the_o like_a example_n what_o a_o hubbub_n will_v there_o be_v in_o france_n if_o the_o vent_n of_o wine_n be_v pass_v over_o to_o some_o 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