distinction_n between_o counsel_n and_o law_n from_o the_o difference_n between_o counsel_n and_o command_n now_o counsel_n be_v a_o precept_n in_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o obey_v it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o be_v advise_v but_o command_n be_v a_o precept_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n of_o my_o obedience_n depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o commander_n for_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o say_v thus_o i_o will_v and_o thus_o i_o command_v except_o the_o will_v stand_v for_o a_o reason_n now_o when_o obedience_n be_v yield_v to_o the_o law_n not_o for_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o adviser_n will_v the_o law_n be_v not_o a_o counsel_n but_o a_o command_n and_o be_v define_v thus_o law_n be_v the_o command_n of_o that_o person_n whether_o man_n or_o court_n who_o precept_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o obedience_n as_o the_o precept_n of_o god_n in_o regard_n of_o man_n of_o magistrate_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o universal_o of_o all_o the_o powerful_a in_o respect_n of_o they_o who_o can_v resist_v may_v be_v term_v their_o law_n law_n and_o counsel_n therefore_o differ_v many_o way_n law_n belong_v to_o he_o who_o have_v power_n over_o they_o who_o he_o advise_v counsel_n to_o they_o who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o follow_v what_o be_v prescribe_v by_o law_n be_v duty_n what_o by_o counsel_n be_v freewill_n counsel_n be_v direct_v to_o his_o end_n that_o receive_v it_o law_n to_o his_o that_o give_v it_o counsel_n be_v give_v to_o none_o but_o the_o willing_a law_n even_o to_o the_o unwilling_a to_o conclude_v the_o right_a of_o the_o counsellor_n be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o will_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o give_v counsel_n the_o right_a of_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v not_o abrogate_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o he_o who_o have_v a_o law_n impose_v ii_o they_o confound_v law_n and_o covenant_n covenant_n who_o conceive_v the_o law_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o form_n of_o live_v determine_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o man_n among_o who_o be_v aristotle_n who_o define_v law_n on_o this_o manner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v law_n be_v a_o speech_n limit_v according_a to_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o city_n declare_v every_o thing_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v which_o definition_n be_v not_o simple_o of_o law_n but_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o divine_a law_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o man_n nor_o yet_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o if_o they_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o man_n they_o may_v also_o by_o the_o same_o consent_n be_v abrogate_a but_o they_o be_v unchangeable_a but_o indeed_o that_o be_v no_o right_a definition_n of_o a_o civil_a law_n for_o in_o that_o place_n a_o city_n be_v take_v either_o for_o one_o civil_a person_n one_o will_v or_o for_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n who_o have_v each_o of_o they_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o private_a will_n if_o for_o one_o person_n those_o word_n common_a consent_n be_v ill_o place_v here_o for_o one_o person_n have_v no_o common_a consent_n neither_o ought_v he_o to_o have_v say_v declare_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v do_v but_o command_v for_o what_o the_o city_n deolares_fw-la it_o command_v its_o subject_n he_o therefore_o by_o a_o city_n understand_v a_o multitude_n of_o man_n declare_v by_o common_a consent_n imagine_v it_o a_o write_v confirm_v by_o vote_n some_o certain_a form_n of_o live_a but_o these_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o mutual_a contract_n which_o oblige_v not_o any_o man_n and_o therefore_o be_v no_o law_n before_o that_o a_o supreme_a power_n be_v constitute_v which_o can_v compel_v have_v sufficient_a remedy_n against_o the_o rest_n who_o otherwise_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o keep_v they_o law_n therefore_o according_a to_o this_o definition_n of_o aristotle_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o naked_a and_o weak_a contract_n which_o then_o at_o length_n when_o there_o be_v one_o who_o by_o right_n do_v exercise_v the_o supreme_a power_n shall_v either_o become_v law_n or_o no_o law_n at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n wherefore_o he_o confound_v contract_n with_o law_n which_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v do_v for_o contract_n be_v a_o promise_n law_n a_o command_n in_o contract_n we_o say_v i_o will_v do_v this_o in_o law_n do_v this_o *_o contract_v oblige_v we_o law_n vie_v we_o fast_o be_v oblige_v a_o contract_n oblige_v of_o itself_o the_o law_n hold_v the_o party_n oblige_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o universal_a contract_n of_o yield_a obedience_n therefore_o in_o contract_n its_o first_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v before_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o but_o in_o law_n we_o be_v first_o oblige_v to_o perform_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v be_v determine_v afterward_o aristotle_n therefore_o ought_v to_o have_v define_v a_o civil_a law_n thus_o a_o civil_a law_n be_v a_o speech_n limit_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o city_n command_v every_o thing_n behooveful_a to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o we_o have_v give_v above_o in_o the_o 6._o chap._n art_n 9_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v the_o command_n of_o he_o whether_o man_n or_o court_n of_o man_n who_o be_v endue_v with_o supreme_a power_n in_o the_o city_n concern_v the_o future_a action_n of_o his_o subject_n contract_n oblige_v we_o to_o be_v oblige_v annotation_n and_o to_o be_v tie_v be_v oblige_v seem_v to_o some_o man_n to_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o therefore_o here_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o distinction_n in_o word_n but_o none_o indeed_o more_o clear_o therefore_o i_o say_v thâ—…_n that_o a_o man_n be_v oblige_v â—y_a his_o contract_n that_o be_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o perform_v for_o his_o promise_n sake_n but_o that_o the_o law_n tie_v he_o be_v oblige_v that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o compel_v he_o to_o make_v good_a his_o promise_n for_o fear_v of_o the_o punishment_n appoint_v by_o the_o law_n iii_o they_o confound_v law_n with_o right_n right_n who_o continue_v still_o to_o do_v what_o be_v permit_v by_o divine_a right_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n can_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o civil_a neither_o can_v that_o which_o be_v command_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o civil_a notwithstanding_o that_o which_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o divine_a right_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o divine_a right_n do_v no_o whit_n hinder_v why_o the_o same_o may_v not_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o inferior_a law_n may_v restrain_v the_o liberty_n allow_v by_o the_o superior_a although_o they_o can_v enlarge_v they_o now_o natural_a liberty_n be_v a_o right_a not_o constitute_v but_o allow_v by_o the_o law_n for_o the_o law_n be_v remove_v our_o liberty_n be_v absolute_a this_o be_v first_o restrain_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o divine_a law_n the_o residue_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o what_o remain_v may_v again_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o particular_a town_n and_o society_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n therefore_o between_o law_n and_o right_o for_o law_n be_v a_o setter_n right_o be_v freedom_n and_o they_o differ_v like_o contrary_n iv._o all_o law_n may_v be_v divide_v first_o according_a nation_n to_o the_o diversity_n of_o its_o author_n into_o divine_a and_o humane_a the_o divine_a according_a to_o the_o two_o way_n whereby_o god_n have_v make_v know_v his_o will_n unto_o man_n be_v twofold_a natural_a or_o moral_a and_o positive_a natural_a be_v that_o which_o god_n have_v declare_v to_o all_o man_n by_o his_o eternal_a word_n bear_v with_o they_o to_o wit_n their_o natural_a reason_n and_o this_o be_v that_o law_n which_o in_o this_o whole_a book_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o unfold_v positive_a be_v that_o which_o god_n have_v reveal_v to_o we_o by_o the_o word_n of_o prophecy_n wherein_o he_o have_v speak_v unto_o man_n as_o a_o man_n such_o be_v the_o law_n which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o jew_n concern_v their_o government_n and_o divine_a worship_n and_o they_o may_v be_v term_v the_o divine_a civil_a law_n because_o they_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o jew_n his_o peculiar_a people_n again_o the_o natural_a law_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o of_o man_n which_o alone_o have_v obtain_v the_o title_n of_o the_o i_o awe_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o city_n which_o may_v be_v call_v that_o of_o nation_n but_o vulgar_o it_o be_v term_v the_o right_n of_o nation_n the_o precept_n
but_o yet_o have_v take_v with_o the_o world_n not_o so_o much_o by_o give_v any_o light_n to_o the_o understanding_n as_o entertainment_n to_o the_o affection_n while_o by_o the_o successful_a rhetorication_n of_o their_o speech_n they_o have_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o rash_o receive_a opinion_n so_o that_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n have_v suffer_v the_o same_o destiny_n with_o the_o public_a way_n which_o lie_v open_a to_o all_o passenger_n to_o traverse_v up_o and_o down_o or_o the_o same_o lot_n with_o high_a way_n and_o open_a street_n some_o for_o divertisement_n and_o some_o for_o business_n so_o that_o what_o with_o the_o impertinency_n of_o some_o and_o the_o altercation_n of_o other_o those_o way_n have_v never_o a_o seed_n time_n and_o therefore_o yield_v never_o a_o harvest_n the_o only_a reason_n of_o which_o unluckine_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o among_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n there_o be_v not_o one_o that_o have_v use_v a_o idoneous_a principle_n of_o tractation_n for_o we_o may_v not_o as_o in_o a_o circle_n begin_v the_o handle_n of_o a_o science_n from_o what_o point_n we_o please_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a clue_n of_o reason_n who_o beginning_n be_v in_o the_o dark_a but_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o who_o conduct_n we_o be_v lead_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o hand_n into_o the_o clear_a light_n so_o that_o the_o principle_n of_o tractation_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o that_o darkness_n and_o then_o the_o light_n to_o be_v carry_v thither_o for_o the_o irradiate_a its_o doubt_n as_o often_o therefore_o as_o any_o writer_n do_v either_o weak_o forsake_v that_o clue_n or_o wilful_o cut_v it_o asunder_o he_o describe_v the_o footstep_n not_o of_o his_o progress_n in_o science_n but_o of_o his_o wander_a from_o it_o and_o upon_o this_o it_o be_v that_o when_o i_o apply_v my_o thought_n to_o the_o investigation_n of_o natural_a justice_n i_o be_v present_o advertise_v from_o the_o very_a word_n justice_n which_o signify_v a_o steady_a will_n of_o give_v every_o one_o his_o own_o that_o my_o first_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v call_v any_o thing_n rather_o his_o own_o than_o another_o man_n and_o when_o i_o find_v that_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o nature_n but_o consent_v for_o what_o nature_n at_o first_o lay_v forth_o in_o common_a man_n do_v afterward_o distribute_v into_o several_a impropriation_n i_o be_v conduct_v from_o thence_o to_o another_o inquiry_n namely_o to_o what_o end_n and_o upon_o what_o impulsive_n when_o all_o be_v equal_o every_o man_n in_o common_a man_n do_v rather_o think_v it_o fit_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v his_o enclosure_n and_o i_o find_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o from_o a_o community_n of_o good_n there_o must_v needs_o arise_v contention_n who_o enjoyment_n shall_v be_v great_a and_o from_o that_o contention_n all_o kind_n of_o calamity_n must_v avoidable_o ensue_v which_o by_o the_o instinct_n of_o nature_n every_o man_n be_v teach_v to_o shun_v have_v therefore_o thus_o arrive_v at_o two_o maxim_n of_o humane_a nature_n the_o one_o arise_v from_o the_o concupiscible_a part_n which_o desire_v to_o appropriate_v to_o itself_o the_o use_n of_o those_o thing_n in_o which_o all_o other_o have_v a_o joint_a interest_n the_o other_o proceed_v from_o the_o rational_a which_o teach_v every_o man_n to_o fly_v a_o contre-naturall_a dissolution_n as_o the_o great_a mischief_n that_o can_v arrive_v to_o nature_n which_o principle_n be_v lay_v down_o i_o seem_v from_o they_o to_o have_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o most_o evident_a connexion_n in_o this_o little_a work_n of_o i_o first_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o league_n and_o contract_n and_o thence_o the_o rudiment_n both_o of_o moral_a and_o of_o civil_a prudence_n that_o appendage_n which_o be_v add_v concern_v the_o regiment_n of_o god_n have_v be_v do_v with_o this_o intent_n that_o the_o dictate_v of_o god_n almighty_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v not_o seem_v repugnant_a to_o the_o write_a law_n reveal_v to_o we_o in_o his_o word_n i_o have_v also_o be_v very_o wary_a in_o the_o whole_a tenor_n of_o my_o discourse_n not_o to_o meddle_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o any_o particular_a nation_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v to_o say_v i_o have_v avoid_v come_v a_o shore_n which_o those_o time_n have_v so_o info_v both_o with_o shelf_n and_o tempest_n at_o what_o expense_n of_o time_n and_o industry_n i_o have_v be_v in_o this_o scrutiny_n after_o truth_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a but_o to_o what_o purpose_n i_o know_v not_o for_o be_v partial_a judge_n of_o ourselves_o we_o lay_v a_o partial_a estimate_n upon_o our_o own_o production_n i_o therefore_o offer_v up_o this_o book_n to_o your_o lordship_n not_o â—avour_n but_o censine_n first_o as_o have_v find_v by_o many_o experiment_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o author_n â—…or_n the_o newness_n of_o the_o work_n nor_o yet_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o style_n but_o only_o the_o weight_n of_o reason_n which_o recommend_v any_o opinion_n to_o your_o lordship_n favour_n and_o approbation_n if_o it_o fortune_n to_o please_v that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o it_o be_v sound_a if_o it_o be_v useful_a if_o it_o be_v vulgar_a i_o humble_o offer_v it_o to_o your_o lordship_n as_o both_o my_o glory_n and_o my_o protection_n but_o if_o in_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v err_v your_o lordship_n will_v yet_o accept_v it_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o my_o gratitude_n for_o that_o the_o mean_n of_o study_n which_o i_o enjoy_v by_o your_o lordship_n goodness_n i_o have_v employ_v to_o the_o procurement_n of_o your_o lordship_n favour_n the_o god_n of_o heaven_n crown_v your_o lordship_n with_o length_n of_o day_n in_o this_o earthly_a station_n and_o in_o the_o heavenly_a jerusalem_n with_o a_o crown_n of_o glory_n your_o honour_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o devote_a servant_n tho._n hobbs_n the_o author_n preface_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n i_o promise_v thou_o here_o such_o thing_n which_o ordinary_o promise_v do_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o great_a attention_n and_o i_o lay_v they_o here_o before_o thy_o eye_n whether_o thou_o regard_v the_o dignity_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o matter_n treat_v of_o or_o the_o right_a method_n of_o handle_v it_o or_o the_o honest_a motive_n and_o good_a advice_n to_o undertake_v it_o or_o last_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o author_n in_o this_o book_n thou_o shall_v find_v brief_o describe_v the_o duty_n of_o man_n first_o as_o man_n then_o as_o subject_n last_o as_o christian_n under_o which_o duty_n be_v contain_v not_o only_o the_o element_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n together_o with_o the_o true_a original_n and_o power_n of_o justice_n but_o also_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o christian_a religion_n itself_o â—_z so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o my_o purpose_n can_v well_o bear_v it_o which_o kind_n of_o doctrine_n except_v what_o relate_v to_o christian_a religion_n the_o most_o ancient_a sage_n do_v judge_v fit_a to_o be_v deliver_v to_o posterity_n either_o curious_o adorn_v with_o verse_n or_o cloud_v with_o allegory_n as_o a_o most_o beautiful_a and_o hallow_a mystery_n of_o royal_a 〈◊〉_d hâ—â—ity_n leave_v by_o the_o disputation_n of_o pâ—…e_a man_n it_o may_v be_v the_o file_a other_o philosopher_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o the_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n do_v contemplate_v the_o face_n and_o motion_n of_o thing_n other_o without_o disadvantage_n their_o nature_n and_o cause_n but_o in_o after_o time_n socrates_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o true_o love_v this_o civil_a soience_n although_o hitherto_o not_o thorough_o understand_v yet_o glimmer_v forth_o as_o through_o a_o cloud_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o that_o he_o set_v so_o great_a a_o value_n on_o this_o that_o utter_o abandon_v and_o despise_v all_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n he_o whole_o embrace_v this_o as_o judge_v it_o only_o worthy_a the_o labour_n of_o his_o mind_n after_o he_o come_v plato_n aristotle_n cicero_n and_o other_o philosopher_n as_o well_o greek_n as_o latin_a and_o now_o at_o length_n all_o man_n of_o all_o nation_n not_o only_o philosopher_n but_o even_o the_o unlgar_a have_v and_o do_v still_o deal_v with_o this_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o ease_n expose_v and_o prostitute_v to_o every_o mother-wit_n and_o to_o be_v attain_v without_o any_o great_a care_n or_o study_v and_o which_o make_v main_o for_o its_o dignity_n those_o who_o suppose_v themselves_o to_o have_v it_o or_o be_v in_o such_o employment_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o do_v so_o wonderful_o please_v themselves_o in_o its_o idea_n as_o they_o easy_o brook_v the_o follower_n of_o other_o art_n to_o be_v esteem_v and_o
miracle_n if_o any_o even_o the_o most_o strong_a shall_v close_v up_o his_o life_n with_o many_o year_n and_o old_a age_n they_o of_o america_n be_v example_n hereof_o even_o in_o this_o present_a age_n other_o nation_n have_v be_v in_o former_a age_n which_o now_o indeed_o be_v become_v civil_a and_o flourish_a but_o be_v then_o few_o fierce_a short-lived_a poor_a nasty_a and_o destroy_v of_o all_o that_o pleasure_n and_o beauty_n of_o life_n which_o peace_n and_o society_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v with_o they_o whosoever_o therefore_o hold_v that_o it_o have_v be_v best_a to_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o state_n in_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a for_o all_o man_n he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o every_o man_n by_o natural_a necessity_n desire_v that_o which_o be_v good_a for_o he_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o esteem_v a_o war_n of_o all_o against_o all_o which_o necessary_o adhere_v to_o such_o a_o state_n to_o be_v good_a for_o he_o and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o through_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o we_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o rid_v ourselves_o of_o this_o condition_n and_o to_o get_v some_o fellow_n that_o if_o there_o needs_o must_v be_v war_n it_o may_v not_o yet_o be_v against_o all_o man_n nor_o without_o some_o help_n fourteen_o fellow_n be_v get_v either_o by_o constraint_n obedience_n or_o by_o consent_n by_o constraint_n when_o after_o fight_v the_o conqueror_n make_v the_o conquer_a serve_v he_o either_o through_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o by_o lay_v fetter_n on_o he_o by_o consent_n when_o man_n enter_v into_o society_n to_o help_v each_o other_o both_o party_n consent_v without_o any_o constraint_n but_o the_o conqueror_n may_v by_o right_o compel_v the_o conquer_a or_o the_o strong_a the_o weak_a as_o a_o man_n in_o health_n may_v one_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o he_o that_o be_v of_o ripe_a year_n a_o child_n unless_o he_o will_v choose_v to_o die_v to_o give_v caution_n of_o his_o future_a obedience_n for_o since_o the_o right_n of_o protect_v ourselves_o according_a to_o our_o own_o will_n proceed_v from_o our_o danger_n and_o our_o danger_n from_o our_o equality_n it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o reason_n and_o more_o certain_a for_o our_o conservation_n use_v the_o present_a advantage_n to_o secure_v ourselves_o by_o take_v caution_n then_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v full_o grow_v and_o strong_a and_o get_v out_o of_o our_o power_n to_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v that_o power_n again_o by_o doubtful_a fight_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n nothing_o can_v be_v think_v more_o absurd_a then_o by_o discharge_v who_o you_o already_o have_v weak_a in_o your_o power_n to_o make_v he_o at_o once_o both_o a_o enemy_n and_o a_o strong_a one_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v understand_v likewise_o as_o a_o corollary_n in_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n that_o a_o sure_a and_o irresistible_a power_n confer_v the_o right_a of_o dominion_n and_o rule_v over_o those_o who_o can_v resist_v insomuch_o as_o the_o right_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o can_v be_v do_v adhere_v essential_o and_o immediate_o unto_o this_o omnipotence_n hence_o arise_v xv._n yet_o can_v man_n expect_v any_o last_a preservation_n continue_v thus_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n i._n e._n of_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o equality_n of_o power_n and_o other_o humane_a faculty_n they_o be_v endue_v withal_o wherefore_o to_o seek_v peace_n where_o there_o be_v any_o hope_n of_o obtain_v it_o and_o where_o there_o be_v none_o to_o inquire_v out_o for_o auxiliary_n of_o war_n be_v the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n concern_v contract_n i._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o a_o agreement_n of_o man_n but_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n ii_o that_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o seek_v peace_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v and_o where_o not_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o iii_o that_o the_o first_o special_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o to_o retain_v our_o right_n to_o all_o thing_n iv._o what_o it_o be_v to_o quit_v our_o right_n what_o to_o transfer_v it_o v._o that_o in_o the_o transfer_v of_o our_o right_n the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o receive_v it_o be_v necessary_o require_v vi_o no_o word_n but_o those_o of_o the_o present_a tense_n transfer_v any_o right_n vii_o word_n of_o the_o future_a if_o there_o be_v some_o other_o token_n to_o signify_v the_o will_n be_v valid_a in_o the_o translation_n of_o right_n viii_o in_o matter_n of_o free_a gift_n our_o right_n pass_v not_o from_o we_o through_o any_o word_n of_o the_o future_a ix_o the_o definition_n of_o contract_n and_o compact_a x._o in_o compact_n our_o right_n pass_v from_o we_o through_o word_n of_o the_o future_a xi_o compact_n of_o mutual_a faith_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o vain_a but_o not_o so_o in_o civil_a government_n xii_o that_o no_o man_n can_v make_v compact_n with_o beast_n nor_o yet_o with_o god_n without_o revelation_n xiii_o nor_o yet_o make_v a_o vow_n to_o god_n fourteen_o that_o compact_n oblige_v not_o beyond_o our_o outmost_a endeavour_n xv._n by_o what_o mean_v we_o be_v free_v from_o our_o compact_n xvi_o that_o promise_v extort_a through_o fear_n of_o death_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v valid_a xvii_o a_o latter_a compact_n contradict_v the_o former_a be_v invalid_a xviii_o a_o compact_n not_o to_o resist_v he_o that_o shall_v prejudice_v my_o body_n be_v invalid_a xix_o a_o compact_a to_o accuse_v one_o self_n be_v invalid_a xx._n the_o definition_n of_o swear_v xxi_o that_o swear_v be_v to_o be_v conceive_v in_o that_o form_n which_o he_o use_v that_o take_v the_o oath_n xxii_o a_o oath_n superadde_v nothing_o to_o the_o obligation_n which_o be_v make_v by_o compact_a xxiii_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v press_v but_o where_o the_o breach_n of_o compact_n may_v be_v keep_v private_a or_o can_v be_v punish_v but_o from_o god_n himself_o i._o all_z author_n agree_v not_o concern_v reason_n the_o definition_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n who_o notwithstanding_o do_v very_o often_o make_v use_n of_o this_o term_n in_o their_o write_n the_o method_n therefore_o wherein_o we_o begin_v from_o definition_n and_o exclusion_n of_o all_o equivocation_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o they_o who_o leave_v no_o place_n for_o contrary_a dispute_n for_o the_o rest_n if_o any_o man_n say_v that_o somewhat_o be_v do_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n one_o prove_v it_o hence_o because_o it_o be_v do_v against_o the_o general_a agreement_n of_o all_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o learned_a nation_n but_o this_o declare_v not_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n of_o all_o nation_n another_o hence_o that_o it_o be_v do_v against_o the_o general_n consent_n of_o all_o mankind_n which_o definition_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v for_o than_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o but_o child_n and_o fool_n to_o offend_v against_o such_o a_o law_n for_o sure_a under_o the_o notion_n of_o mankind_n they_o comprehend_v all_o man_n actual_o endue_v with_o reason_n these_o therefore_o either_o do_v nought_o against_o it_o or_o if_o they_o do_v ought_o it_o be_v without_o their_o joint_a accord_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v excuse_v but_o to_o receive_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o they_o who_o often_o break_v then_o observe_v they_o be_v in_o truth_n unreasonable_a beside_o man_n condemn_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o other_o which_o they_o approve_v in_o themselves_o on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o public_o commend_v what_o they_o private_o condemn_v and_o they_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n more_o by_o hear-say_n than_o any_o speculation_n of_o their_o own_o and_o they_o accord_v more_o through_o hatred_n of_o some_o object_n through_o fear_n hope_v love_n or_o some_o other_o perturbation_n of_o mind_n then_o true_a reason_n and_o therefore_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o whole_a body_n of_o people_n often_o do_v those_o thing_n by_o general_n accord_n or_o contention_n which_o those_o writer_n most_o willing_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o since_o all_o do_v grant_v that_o be_v do_v by_o right_n which_o be_v not_o do_v against_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o judge_n those_o action_n only_o wrong_v which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n i._n e._n which_o contradict_v some_o certain_a truth_n collect_v by_o right_a reason_n from_o true_a principle_n but_o that_o wrong_n which_o be_v do_v we_o say_v it_o be_v do_v against_o some_o law_n therefore_o true_a reason_n be_v a_o certain_a law_n which_o since_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o part_n of_o humane_a nature_n than_o any_o
except_o your_o righteousness_n shall_v exceed_v the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o scribe_n and_o pharisee_n you_o shall_v in_o no_o case_n enter_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n our_o saviour_n explain_v to_o they_o how_o that_o the_o command_n of_o god_n be_v break_v not_o by_o deed_n only_o but_o also_o by_o the_o will_n for_o the_o scribe_n and_o pharisee_n do_v in_o outward_a act_n observe_v the_o law_n most_o exact_o but_o for_o glory_n sake_n only_o else_o they_o will_v as_o ready_o have_v break_v it_o there_o be_v innumerable_a place_n of_o scripture_n in_o which_o be_v most_o manifest_o declare_v that_o god_n accept_v nature_n the_o will_n for_o the_o deed_n and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o good_a as_o in_o evil_a action_n xxii_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v easy_o keep_v christ_n himself_o declare_v in_o the_o 11._o chapter_n of_o saint_n matthew_n 28_o 29_o 30._o come_v unto_o i_o etc._n etc._n take_v my_o yoke_n upon_o you_o and_o learn_v of_o i_o etc._n etc._n for_o my_o yoke_n be_v easy_a and_o my_o burden_n light_n xxiii_o last_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o i_o say_v any_o man_n may_v know_v whether_o what_o he_o be_v do_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n or_o not_o to_o wit_n what_o thou_o will_v not_o be_v do_v to_o do_v not_o that_o to_o another_o be_v almost_o in_o the_o self_n same_o word_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n mat._n 7._o 12._o therefore_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o you_o will_v that_o man_n shall_v do_v unto_o you_o do_v you_o even_o so_o to_o they_o xxiv_o as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v all_o of_o it_o divine_a so_o the_o law_n of_o christ_n by_o conversion_n which_o be_v whole_o explain_v in_o the_o 5_o 6_o and_o 7._o chapter_n of_o s._n matthewes_n gospel_n be_v all_o of_o it_o also_o except_o that_o one_o commandment_n of_o not_o marry_v she_o who_o be_v put_v away_o for_o adultery_n which_o christ_n bring_v for_o explication_n of_o the_o divine_a positive_a law_n against_o the_o jew_n who_o do_v not_o right_o interpret_v the_o mosaical_a law_n the_o doctrine_n of_o nature_n i_o say_v the_o whole_a law_n of_o christ_n be_v explain_v in_o the_o forenamed_a chapter_n not_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o christ_n for_o faith_n be_v a_o part_n of_o christian_a doctrine_n which_o be_v not_o commprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o a_o law_n for_o law_n be_v make_v and_o give_v in_o reference_n to_o such_o action_n as_o follow_v our_o will_n not_o in_o order_n to_o our_o opinion_n and_o belief_n which_o be_v out_o of_o our_o power_n follow_v not_o the_o will._n quisquamne_fw-la regno_fw-la gaudet_fw-la o_o fallax_fw-la bonum_fw-la quantum_fw-la malorum_fw-la front_n quam_fw-la blanda_fw-la tegis_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la multos_fw-la timeat_fw-la quem_fw-la multi_fw-la timent_fw-la auro_fw-la venexum_fw-la bibitur_fw-la expertus_fw-la loquor_fw-la dominion_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o cause_n and_o first_o begin_n of_o civil_a government_n i._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o preserve_v peace_n ii_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v silent_a iii_o that_o the_o security_n of_o live_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o the_o concord_n of_o many_o person_n iv._o that_o the_o concord_n of_o many_o person_n be_v not_o constant_a enough_o for_o a_o last_a peace_n v._o the_o reason_n why_o the_o government_n of_o certain_a bruit_n creature_n stand_v firm_a in_o concord_n only_o and_o why_o not_o of_o man_n vi_o that_o not_o only_o consent_v but_o union_n also_o be_v require_v to_o establish_v the_o peace_n of_o man_n vii_o what_o union_n be_v viii_o in_o union_n the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n be_v convey_v to_o one_o ix_o what_o civil_a society_n be_v x._o what_o a_o civil_a person_n be_v xi_o what_o it_o be_v to_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n and_o what_o to_o be_v a_o subject_n xii_o two_o kind_n of_o city_n natural_a and_o by_o institution_n it_o be_v of_o itself_o manifest_a that_o the_o action_n of_o man_n peace_n proceed_v from_o the_o will_n and_o the_o will_n from_o hope_n and_o fear_v insomuch_o as_o when_o they_o shall_v see_v a_o great_a good_a or_o less_o evil_a likely_a to_o happen_v to_o they_o by_o the_o breach_n than_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n they_o will_v witting_o violate_v they_o the_o hope_n therefore_o which_o each_o man_n have_v of_o his_o security_n and_o self-preservation_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o by_o force_n or_o craft_n he_o may_v disappoint_v his_o neighbour_n either_o open_o or_o by_o stratagem_n whence_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o the_o natural_a law_n though_o well_o understand_v do_v not_o instant_o secure_v any_o man_n in_o their_o practice_n and_o consequent_o that_o as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o caution_n have_v from_o the_o invasion_n of_o other_o there_o remain_v to_o every_o man_n that_o same_o primitive_a right_n of_o self-defence_n by_o such_o mean_n as_o either_o he_o can_v or_o will_v make_v use_n of_o that_o be_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n or_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n that_o a_o man_n be_v prepare_v in_o mind_n to_o embrace_v peace_n when_o it_o may_v be_v have_v ii_o it_o be_v a_o fond_a say_n that_o all_o law_n silent_a be_v silent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o it_o be_v a_o true_a one_o not_o only_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o civil_a but_o also_o of_o the_o natural_a law_n provide_v they_o be_v refer_v not_o to_o the_o mind_n but_o to_o the_o action_n of_o man_n by_o the_o three_o chapter_n act._n 29._o and_o we_o mean_v such_o a_o war_n as_o be_v of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o man_n such_o as_o be_v the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n although_o in_o the_o war_n of_o nation_n against_o nation_n a_o certain_a mean_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v observe_v and_o therefore_o in_o old_a time_n there_o be_v a_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a oeconomy_n which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d live_v by_o rapine_n which_o be_v neither_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n then_o so_o stand_v nor_o void_a of_o glory_n to_o those_o who_o exercise_v it_o with_o valour_n not_o with_o cruelty_n their_o custom_n be_v take_v away_o the_o rest_n to_o spare_v life_n and_o abstain_v from_o ox_n fit_a for_o plough_n and_o every_o instrument_n serviceable_a to_o husbandry_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o so_o to_o he_o take_v as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v thus_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o that_o they_o have_v regard_n to_o their_o own_o glory_n herein_o leave_v by_o too_o much_o cruelty_n they_o may_v be_v suspect_v guilty_a of_o fear_n iii_o since_o therefore_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o many_o natural_a law_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n security_n be_v no_o less_o necessary_a it_o be_v worth_a the_o consider_v what_o that_o be_v which_o afford_v such_o a_o security_n for_o this_o matter_n nothing_o else_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o that_o each_o man_n provide_v himself_o of_o such_o meet_a help_n as_o the_o invasion_n of_o one_o on_o the_o other_o may_v be_v render_v so_o dangerous_a as_o either_o of_o they_o may_v think_v it_o better_a to_o refrain_v then_o to_o meddle_v but_o first_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o consent_n of_o two_o or_o three_o can_v make_v good_a such_o a_o security_n because_o that_o the_o addition_n but_o of_o one_o or_o some_o few_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o victory_n undoubted_o sure_a and_o hearten_v the_o enemy_n to_o attack_v we_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a to_o the_o end_n the_o security_n seek_v for_o may_v be_v obtain_v that_o the_o number_n of_o they_o who_o conspire_v in_o a_o mutual_a assistance_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o accession_n of_o some_o few_o to_o the_o enemy_n party_n may_v not_o prove_v to_o they_o a_o matter_n of_o moment_n sufficient_a to_o assure_v the_o victory_n iv._o farthermore_o how_o great_a soever_o the_o number_n of_o they_o be_v who_o meet_v on_o self-defence_n peace_n if_o yet_o they_o agree_v not_o among_o themselves_o of_o some_o excellent_a mean_n whereby_o to_o compass_v this_o but_o every_o man_n after_o his_o own_o manner_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o his_o endeavour_n nothing_o will_v be_v do_v because_o that_o divide_a in_o their_o opinion_n they_o will_v be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o each_o other_o or_o if_o they_o agree_v well_o enough_o to_o â—ome_v one_o action_n through_o hope_n of_o victory_n spoil_n or_o revenge_n yet_o afterward_o through_o diversity_n of_o wit_n and_o counsel_n or_o emulation_n and_o envy_n with_o which_o man_n natural_o contend_v they_o
by_o the_o law_n subject_n must_v have_v right_o restore_v to_o they_o against_o corrupt_a judge_n how_o law_n differ_v from_o counsel_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o covenant_n annotation_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o right_n the_o division_n of_o law_n into_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o of_o the_o divine_a into_o natural_a and_o positive_a and_o of_o the_o natural_a into_o those_o law_n of_o single_a man_n and_o those_o of_o nation_n the_o division_n of_o humane_a that_o be_v to_o say_v civil_a law_n into_o secular_a and_o sacred_a into_o distributive_a and_o vindicative_a distributive_a and_o vindicative_a be_v not_o two_o species_n of_o the_o law_n all_o law_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o penalty_n annex_v to_o it_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n of_o honour_v parent_n of_o murder_n adultcry_n these_o false_a witness_n be_v the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o command_v aught_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n contrary_a to_o oâ—e_v law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o law_n that_o both_o it_o and_o the_o legislator_n be_v know_v whence_o the_o legislator_n be_v know_v promulgation_n and_o interpretation_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o law_n the_o civil_a law_n divide_v into_o write_v and_o unwritten_a that_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v not_o write_v law_n neither_o be_v the_o sentence_n of_o lawyer_n or_o custom_n law_n of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n what_o the_o word_n sin_n take_v in_o its_o large_a sense_n signify_v the_o definition_n of_o sin_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o sin_n of_o infirmity_n and_o malice_n under_o what_o kind_n of_o sin_n atheism_n be_v contain_v annotation_n what_o the_o sin_n of_o treason_n be_v treason_n break_v not_o the_o civil_a but_o the_o natural_a law_n and_o therefore_o be_v punish_v not_o by_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n but_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n obedience_n not_o right_o distinguish_v into_o active_a and_o passive_a the_o proposition_n of_o the_o follow_a content_n over_o who_o god_n be_v say_v to_o reign_v the_o word_n of_o god_n three_o fold_n reason_n revelation_n prophecy_n the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n twofold_n natural_a and_o prophetic_a the_o rigbt_n whereby_o god_n govern_v be_v seat_v in_o his_o omn_fw-la pâ—teâ—â—e_n the_o same_o prove_v from_o scripture_n the_o obligation_n of_o yield_a obedience_n unto_o god_n proceed_v from_o humane_a infirmity_n annotation_n the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o his_o natural_a kingdom_n be_v those_o which_o be_v above_o set_v down_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n what_o honour_n and_o worship_n be_v worship_n consist_v either_o in_o attribute_n or_o in_o action_n and_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n natural_a and_o another_o arbitrary_a one_o command_v another_o voluntary_a 〈…〉_z what_o the_o end_n or_o aim_v of_o worship_n iâ—_n what_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v concern_v god_n attribute_n 〈◊〉_d what_o those_o action_n be_v whereby_o natural_o we_o do_v give_v worship_n in_o the_o natural_a kingdom_n of_o god_n the_o city_n may_v appoint_v what_o worship_n it_o please_v god_n rule_v by_o nature_n only_o the_o city_n that_o be_v say_v that_o man_n or_o court_n which_o under_o god_n have_v the_o sovereignty_n be_v the_o interpreter_n of_o all_o the_o law_n certain_a doubt_n remove_v annotation_n what_o be_v sin_n in_o the_o natural_a kingdom_n of_o god_n and_o what_o treason_n against_o the_o divine_a majesty_n superstition_n possess_v foreign_a nation_n god_n institute_v the_o true_a religion_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o abraham_n by_o thâ—_n covenant_n between_o god_n and_o adam_n all_o dispute_n be_v forbid_v concern_v the_o command_n of_o superior_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o covenant_n between_o god_n and_o abraham_n in_o that_o covenant_n be_v contain_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o god_n not_o simple_o but_o of_o he_o who_o appear_v unto_o abraham_n the_o law_n to_o which_o abraham_n be_v tie_v be_v no_o other_o but_o those_o of_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o circumcision_n abraham_n among_o his_o own_o be_v the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o of_o all_o law_n abraham_n subject_n can_v not_o sin_n in_o obey_v he_o annotation_n god_n covenant_n with_o the_o hebrew_n at_o mount_n sinai_n from_o thence_o god_n government_n be_v call_v a_o kingdom_n what_o law_n be_v by_o god_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n what_o the_o word_n of_o god_n be_v and_o how_o to_o be_v know_v what_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n among_o the_o jew_n the_o power_n of_o interpret_n the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o â—he_v supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v unite_v in_o moses_n while_o he_o live_v they_o be_v also_o unite_v in_o the_o high_a priest_n during_o the_o life_n of_o joshuah_n they_o be_v also_o unite_v in_o the_o high_a priest_n until_o king_n saul_n time_n they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o king_n until_o the_o captivity_n the_o same_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o priest_n after_o the_o captivity_n among_o the_o jew_n the_o denial_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n and_o idolatry_n be_v the_o only_a treason_n against_o the_o divine_a majesty_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n they_o ought_v to_o obey_v their_o prince_n the_o prophecy_n of_o christ_n dignity_n the_o prophecy_n of_o christ_n humility_n and_o passion_n that_o jesus_n be_v the_o christ_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n by_o the_o new_a covenant_n be_v not_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n as_o christ_n but_o as_o god_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d covenant_n be_v heavenly_a and_o begin_v from_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n the_o government_n of_o christ_n in_o this_o world_n be_v not_o a_o sovereignty_n but_o counsel_n or_o a_o government_n by_o way_n of_o doctrine_n and_o persuasion_n what_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o new_a covenant_n be_v on_o both_o part_n there_o be_v no_o law_n add_v by_o christ_n beside_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o sacrament_n that_o these_o and_o the_o like_a form_n repent_v be_v baptize_v keep_v the_o commandment_n be_v not_o law_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a authority_n to_o define_v what_o the_o sin_n of_o injustice_n be_v it_o belong_v to_o civil_a authority_n to_o define_v what_o conduce_v to_o the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o city_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a authority_n to_o judge_v when_o need_n require_v what_o definition_n and_o what_o inference_n be_v true_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o christ_n to_o teach_v morality_n not_o as_o a_o speculation_n but_o as_o a_o law_n to_o forgive_v sin_n and_o to_o teach_v all_o thing_n whereof_o there_o be_v no_o science_n proper_o so_o call_v a_o distinction_n of_o thing_n temporal_a from_o spiritual_a the_o word_n of_o god_n many_o way_n take_v all_o thing_n contain_v in_o scripture_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o canon_n of_o christian_n faith_n the_o word_n of_o a_o lawful_a interpreter_n of_o scripture_n be_v the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o authority_n of_o interpret_n scripture_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o determine_v controversy_n of_o faith_n divers_a signification_n of_o a_o church_n what_o a_o church_n be_v to_o who_o we_o attribute_v right_n action_n and_o the_o like_a appellation_n proper_a to_o a_o person_n a_o christâ—…_n city_n be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o christian_a church_n many_o city_n doâ—_n not_o constitute_v one_o church_n who_o be_v clergyman_n the_o election_n of_o churchman_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n their_o consecration_n to_o the_o pastor_n the_o power_n of_o remit_v sin_n to_o the_o penitent_a and_o retain_v those_o of_o the_o impenitent_a belong_v to_o the_o pastor_n but_o judgement_n of_o the_o repentance_n to_o the_o church_n what_o excommunication_n be_v and_o on_o who_o it_o can_v pass_v the_o interpretation_n of_o scripture_n depend_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o city_n a_o christian_n city_n must_v interpret_v scripture_n by_o clergyman_n the_o difficulty_n propound_v concern_v the_o repugnaney_n of_o obey_v god_n and_o man_n be_v to_o be_v remove_v by_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o point_n necessary_a and_o not_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n be_v contain_v in_o faith_n and_o obedience_n what_o kind_n of_o obedience_n that_o be_v which_o be_v require_v of_o we_o what_o faith_n be_v and_o how_o distinguish_v from_o profession_n from_o science_n and_o from_o opinion_n what_o it_o be_v to_o believe_v in_o christ_n that_o that_o article_n alone_o that_o jesus_n be_v the_o christ_n be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n be_v prove_v out_o of_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o evangelist_n annotation_n by_o the_o apostle_n sermon_n by_o the_o easiness_n of_o christian_n religion_n by_o this_o that_o it_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o faith_n by_o the_o plaiâ—_n word_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n in_o this_o article_n be_v contain_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n how_o faith_n and_o obedience_n do_v conâ—ur_n to_o salvation_n in_o a_o christian_a city_n there_o be_v no_o contrariety_n be_v ween_v the_o command_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o city_n the_o doctrine_n which_o this_o day_n be_v controvert_v about_o religion_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n
take_v its_o current_n so_o subject_n if_o they_o may_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o command_n of_o the_o law_n will_v grow_v dull_a and_o unwild_o if_o all_o they_o will_v be_v disperse_v and_o the_o more_o be_v leave_v undetermined_a by_o the_o law_n the_o more_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v both_o extreme_n be_v faulty_a for_o law_n be_v not_o invent_v to_o take_v away_o but_o to_o direct_v man_n action_n even_o as_o nature_n ordain_v the_o bank_n not_o to_o stay_v but_o to_o guide_v the_o course_n of_o the_o stream_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o city_n good_a wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v against_o the_o charge_n of_o those_o who_o command_n and_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o make_v law_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v more_o law_n then_o necessary_o serve_v for_o good_a of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o his_o subject_n for_o since_o man_n be_v wont_n common_o to_o debate_v what_o to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v by_o natural_a reason_n rather_o than_o any_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n where_o there_o be_v more_o law_n than_o can_v easy_o be_v remember_v and_o whereby_o such_o thing_n be_v forbid_v as_o reason_n of_o itself_o prohibit_v not_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v through_o ignorance_n without_o the_o least_o evil_a intention_n fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o law_n as_o begin_v lay_v to_o entrap_v their_o harmless_a liberty_n which_o supreme_a commander_n be_v bind_v to_o preserve_v for_o their_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xvi_o it_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o liberty_n which_o law_n be_v harmless_a to_o civil_a government_n and_o necessary_a for_o each_o subject_n to_o live_v happy_o that_o there_o be_v no_o penalty_n dread_v but_o what_o they_o may_v both_o foresee_v and_o look_v for_o and_o this_o be_v do_v where_o there_o be_v either_o no_o punishment_n at_o all_o define_v by_o the_o law_n or_o great_a not_o require_v then_o be_v define_v where_o there_o be_v none_o define_v there_o he_o that_o have_v first_o break_v the_o law_n expect_v a_o in_o definite_a or_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o his_o fear_n be_v suppose_v boundless_a because_o it_o relate_v to_o a_o unbounded_a evil_n now_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v they_o who_o be_v nâ—t_a subject_n to_o any_o civil_a law_n by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n artic._n 11._o and_o therefore_o supreme_a commander_n that_o in_o take_v revenge_n and_o punish_v they_o must_v not_o so_o much_o regard_v the_o past_a evil_n as_o the_o future_a good_a and_o they_o sin_n if_o they_o entertain_v any_o other_o measure_n in_o arbitrary_a punishment_n than_o the_o public_a benefit_n but_o where_o the_o punishment_n be_v define_v either_o by_o a_o law_n prescribe_v as_o when_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o plain_a word_n that_o he_o thâ—t_o shall_v do_v thus_o or_o thus_o shall_v suffer_v so_o and_o so_o or_o by_o practice_n as_o when_o the_o penalty_n not_o by_o any_o law_n prescribe_v but_o arbitrary_a from_o the_o beginning_n be_v afterward_o determine_v by_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o first_o delinquent_n for_o natural_a equity_n command_v that_o equal_a transgressor_n be_v equal_o punish_v there_o to_o impose_v a_o great_a penalty_n than_o be_v define_v by_o the_o law_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o end_n of_o punishment_n be_v not_o to_o compel_v the_o will_n of_o man_n but_o to_o fashion_v it_o &_o make_v it_o such_o as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o who_o have_v set_v the_o penalty_n and_o deliberation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o weige_n as_o it_o be_v in_o scale_n the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o fact_n we_o be_v attempt_v where_o that_o which_o be_v more_o weighty_a do_v necessary_o according_a to_o its_o inclination_n prevail_v with_o we_o if_o therefore_o the_o legislator_n do_v set_v a_o less_o penalty_n on_o a_o crime_n then_o will_v make_v our_o fear_n more_o considerable_a with_o we_o than_o our_o lust_n that_o excess_n of_o lust_n above_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n whereby_o sin_n be_v commit_v be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o legislator_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o supreme_a and_o therefore_o if_o he_o inflict_v a_o great_a punishment_n than_o himself_o have_v determine_v in_o his_o law_n he_o punish_v that_o in_o another_o which_o he_o sin_v himself_o xvii_o it_o pertain_v therefore_o to_o the_o judge_n harmless_a and_o necessary_a liberty_n of_o subject_n that_o every_o man_n may_v without_o fear_n enjoy_v the_o right_n which_o be_v allow_v he_o by_o the_o law_n for_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o have_v our_o own_o distinguish_v by_o the_o law_n from_o another_o if_o by_o wrong_a judgement_n robbery_n theft_n they_o may_v be_v again_o confound_v but_o it_o fall_v out_o so_o that_o these_o do_v happen_v where_o judge_n be_v corrupt_v for_o the_o fear_n whereby_o man_n be_v deter_v from_o do_v evil_a arise_v not_o from_o hence_o namely_o because_o penalty_n be_v set_v but_o because_o they_o be_v execute_v for_o we_o esteem_v the_o future_a by_o what_o be_v past_a seldom_o expect_v what_o seldom_o happen_v if_o therefore_o judge_n corrupt_v either_o by_o gift_n favour_n or_o even_o by_o pity_n itself_o do_v often_o forbear_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o penalty_n due_a by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n put_v wicked_a man_n in_o hope_n to_o pass_v unpunished_a honest_a subject_n encompass_v with_o murderer_n thief_n and_o knave_n will_v not_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o converse_v free_o with_o each_o other_o nor_o scarce_o to_o stir_v abroad_o without_o hazard_n nay_o the_o city_n itself_o be_v dissolve_v and_o every_o man_n right_a of_o protect_v himself_o at_o his_o own_o will_n return_n to_o he_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o give_v this_o precept_n to_o supreme_a commander_n that_o they_o not_o only_o do_v righteousness_n themselves_o but_o that_o they_o also_o by_o penalty_n cause_v the_o judge_n by_o they_o appoint_v to_o do_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o they_o harken_v to_o the_o complaint_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o need_n require_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o extraordinary_a judge_n who_o may_v hear_v the_o matter_n debate_v concern_v the_o ordinary_a one_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o law_n and_o trespass_n i._o how_o law_n differ_v from_o counsel_n ii_o how_o from_o covenant_n iii_o how_o from_o right_n iv._o division_n of_o law_n into_o divine_a and_o humane_a the_o divine_a into_o natural_a and_o positive_a and_o the_o natural_a into_o the_o law_n of_o single-man_n and_o of_o nation_n v._o the_o division_n of_o humane_a that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o civil_a law_n into_o sacred_a and_o secular_a vi_o into_o distributive_a and_o vindicative_a vii_o that_o distributive_a and_o vindicative_a be_v not_o species_n but_o part_n of_o the_o law_n viii_o all_o law_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o penalty_n annex_v to_o it_o ix_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n of_o honour_v parent_n of_o murder_n adultery_n theft_n falsewitnesse_n be_v civil_a law_n x._o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o command_v aught_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n xi_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o law_n both_o that_o itself_o and_o also_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v know_v xii_o whence_o the_o lawgiver_n come_v to_o be_v know_v xiii_o publish_v and_o interpretation_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o law_n fourteen_o the_o division_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n into_o write_v and_o unwritten_a xv._n the_o natural_a law_n be_v not_o write_v law_n neither_o be_v the_o wiâ—e_a sentence_n of_o lawyer_n nor_o custom_n law_n of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n xvi_o what_o the_o word_n sin_n most_o large_o take_v signisy_n xvii_o the_o definition_n of_o sin_n xviii_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o sin_n of_o infirmity_n and_o malice_n xix_o under_o what_o kind_n of_o sin_n atheism_n be_v contain_v xx._n what_o treason_n be_v xxi_o that_o by_o treason_n not_o the_o civil_a but_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v break_v xxii_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v not_o by_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n but_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n xxiii_o that_o obedience_n be_v not_o right_o distinguish_v into_o active_a and_o passive_a i._o they_o who_o less_o serious_o consider_v the_o counsel_n force_n of_o word_n do_v sometime_o confound_v law_n with_o counsel_n sometime_o with_o covenant_n sometime_o with_o right_n they_o confound_v law_n with_o counsel_n who_o think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o monarch_n not_o only_o to_o give_v ear_n to_o their_o counselor_n but_o also_o to_o obey_v they_o as_o though_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o take_v counsel_n unless_o it_o be_v also_o follow_v we_o must_v fetch_v the_o
of_o both_o be_v alike_o but_o because_o city_n once_o institute_v do_v put_v on_o the_o personal_a propriety_n of_o man_n that_o law_n with_o speak_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o single_a man_n we_o call_v natural_a be_v apply_v to_o whole_a city_n and_o nation_n be_v call_v the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o same_o element_n of_o natural_a law_n and_o right_o which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v speak_v of_o be_v transfer_v to_o whole_a city_n and_o nation_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o element_n of_o the_o law_n and_o right_o of_o nation_n v._o all_o humane_a law_n be_v civil_a for_o the_o sacred_a state_n of_o man_n consider_v out_o of_o civil_a society_n be_v hostile_a in_o which_o because_o one_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o another_o there_o be_v no_o other_o law_n beside_o the_o dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n which_o be_v the_o divine_a law_n but_o in_o civil_a government_n the_o city_n only_o that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o man_n or_o court_n to_o who_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o city_n be_v commit_v be_v the_o legislator_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n be_v civil_a the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o subject_a matter_n into_o sacred_a or_o secular_a sacred_a be_v those_o which_o pertain_v to_o religion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o ceremony_n and_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o wit_n what_o person_n thing_n place_n be_v to_o be_v consecrate_v and_o in_o what_o fashion_n what_o opinion_n concern_v the_o deity_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v public_o and_o with_o what_o word_n and_o in_o what_o order_n supplication_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o like_a and_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o any_o divine_a positive_a law_n for_o the_o civil_a sacred_a law_n be_v the_o humane_a law_n which_o be_v also_o call_v ecclesiastical_a concern_v thing_n sacred_a but_o the_o secular_a under_o a_o general_a notion_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o civil_a law_n vi_o again_o the_o civil_a law_n according_a to_o vindicative_a the_o two_o office_n of_o the_o legislator_n whereof_o one_o be_v to_o judge_v the_o other_o to_o constrain_v man_n to_o acquiesce_v to_o his_o judgement_n have_v two_o part_n the_o one_o distributive_a the_o other_o vindicative_a or_o penal_a by_o the_o distributive_a it_o be_v that_o every_o man_n have_v his_o proper_a right_n that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o set_v forth_o rule_v for_o all_o thing_n whereby_o we_o may_v know_v what_o be_v proper_o we_o what_o another_o man_n so_o as_o other_o may_v not_o hinder_v we_o from_o the_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o our_o own_o and_o we_o may_v not_o interrupt_v other_o in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o they_o and_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n to_o do_v or_o omit_v and_o what_o be_v not_o lawful_a vindicative_a be_v that_o whereby_o it_o be_v define_v what_o punishment_n shall_v be_v inflict_v on_o they_o who_o break_v the_o law_n vii_o now_o distributive_a and_o vindicative_a law_n be_v not_o two_o several_a species_n of_o the_o law_n but_o two_o part_n of_o the_o same_o law_n for_o if_o the_o law_n shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o for_o example_n whatsoever_o you_o take_v with_o your_o net_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v it_o you_o iâ—s_v in_o vain_a for_o although_o another_o shall_v take_v that_o away_o from_o you_o which_o you_o have_v catch_v it_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o it_o still_o remain_v you_o for_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a to_o all_o you_o and_o other_o be_v all_o one_o insomuch_o as_o what_o the_o law_n define_v to_o be_v you_o be_v you_o even_o before_o the_o law_n and_o after_o the_o law_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v you_o although_o in_o another_o man_n possession_n wherefore_o the_o law_n do_v nothing_o unless_o it_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v so_o you_o as_o all_o other_o man_n be_v forbid_v to_o interrupt_v your_o free_a use_n and_o secure_a enjoyment_n of_o it_o at_o all_o time_n according_a to_o your_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n for_o this_o be_v that_o which_o be_v require_v to_o a_o propriety_n of_o good_n not_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o use_v they_o but_o to_o use_v they_o alone_o which_o be_v do_v by_o prohibit_v other_o to_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o he_o but_o in_o vain_a do_v they_o also_o prohibit_v any_o man_n who_o do_v not_o withal_o strike_v a_o fear_n of_o punishment_n into_o they_o in_o vain_a therefore_o be_v the_o law_n unless_o it_o contain_v both_o part_n that_o which_o forbid_v iujury_n to_o be_v do_v and_o that_o which_o punish_v the_o doer_n of_o they_o the_o first_o of_o they_o which_o be_v call_v distributive_a be_v prohibitory_a and_o speak_v to_o all_o the_o second_o which_o be_v style_v vindicative_a or_o paenary_a be_v mandatory_a and_o only_o speak_v to_o public_a minister_n viii_o from_o hence_o also_o we_o may_v understand_v it_o that_o every_o civil_a law_n have_v a_o penalty_n annex_v to_o it_o either_o explicit_o or_o implicit_o for_o where_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o define_v neither_o by_o any_o writing_n nor_o by_o example_n of_o any_o one_o who_o have_v suffer_v the_o punishment_n of_o the_o transgress_v law_n there_o the_o penalty_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v arbitrary_a namely_o to_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o supreme_a commander_n for_o in_o vain_a be_v that_o law_n which_o may_v be_v break_v without_o punishment_n ix_o now_o because_o it_o come_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n both_o that_o every_o man_n have_v his_o law_n proper_a right_n and_o distinguish_v from_o another_o and_o also_o that_o he_o be_v forbid_v to_o invade_v another_o right_n it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n thou_o shall_v not_o refuse_v to_o give_v the_o honour_n define_v by_o the_o law_n unto_o thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v the_o man_n who_o the_o law_n forbid_v thou_o to_o kill_v thou_o shall_v avoid_v all_o copulation_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o shall_v not_o take_v away_o another_o good_n against_o the_o lord_n will_v thou_o shall_v not_o frustrate_v the_o law_n and_o judgement_n by_o false_a testimony_n be_v civil_a lawâ—s_n the_o natural_a law_n command_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o implicit_o for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o 3._o chap._n art_n 2._o command_v we_o to_o keep_v contract_n and_o therefore_o also_o to_o perform_v obedience_n when_o we_o have_v covenant_v obedience_n and_o to_o abstain_v from_o another_o good_n when_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n what_o belong_v to_o another_o but_o all_o subject_n by_o the_o 13._o art_n of_o the_o 6._o chap._n do_v covenant_n to_o obey_v his_o command_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o the_o ciufll_a law_n in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o government_n even_o before_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o break_v they_o for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v oblige_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o first_o because_o nature_n have_v give_v all_o thing_n to_o all_o man_n nothing_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o invade_v another_o right_n next_o where_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o therefore_o all_o carnal_a copulation_n lawful_a three_o where_o be_v the_o state_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o lawful_a to_o kill_v four_o where_o all_o thing_n be_v determine_v by_o every_o man_n own_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o paternal_a respect_n also_o last_o where_o there_o be_v no_o public_a judgement_n and_o therefore_o no_o use_n of_o bear_v witness_n either_o true_a or_o false_a x._o seetng_a therefore_o our_o obligation_n to_o observe_v those_o awe_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o nature_n promulgation_n of_o the_o law_n themselves_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o very_a eonstâ—tâ—tion_n of_o the_o city_n by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n which_o forbid_v breach_n of_o covenant_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v we_o to_o keep_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o where_o we_o be_v sty_v to_o obedience_n before_o we_o know_v what_o will_v be_v command_v we_o there_o we_o be_v universal_o tie_v to_o obey_v in_o all_o thing_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o no_o civil_a law_n whatsoever_o which_o tend_v not_o to_o a_o reproach_n of_o the_o deiâ—y_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o citieâ—_n themselves_o have_v no_o right_n of_o their_o own_o and_o can_v be_v say_v to_o make_v law_n can_v possible_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n forbid_v theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n yet_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n command_v we_o to_o invade_v any_o thing_n that_o invasion_n be_v not_o theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n for_o when_o the_o i_o acedemonians_n of_o old_a permit_v their_o youth_n by_o a_o certain_a