of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n above_o all_o other_o knowledge_n whether_o natural_a or_o civil_a and_o that_o deserve_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o usefulness_n as_o certainty_n since_o it_o be_v to_o that_o alone_a as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n that_o man_n before_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o divine_a revelation_n owe_v the_o discovery_n of_o their_o natural_a duty_n to_o god_n themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o cicero_n have_v show_v we_o at_o large_a in_o those_o three_o excellent_a treatise_n de_fw-fr officiis_n de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o though_o i_o grant_v we_o christian_n have_v now_o clear_a and_o high_a discovery_n of_o all_o moral_a duty_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n yet_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a religion_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n still_o of_o great_a use_n to_o we_o as_o well_o for_o the_o confirmation_n as_o illustration_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n since_o by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o the_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v we_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o god_n require_v nothing_o from_o we_o in_o all_o the_o practical_a duty_n of_o reveal_v religion_n but_o our_o reasonable_a service_n that_o be_v what_o be_v real_o our_o own_o interest_n and_o concern_v our_o good_a and_o happiness_n to_o observe_v as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n of_o life_n whether_o god_n have_v ever_o far_o enforce_v they_o or_o not_o by_o any_o reveal_v law_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n have_v high_o advance_v and_o improve_v these_o natural_a law_n by_o more_o excellent_a and_o refine_a precept_n of_o humility_n charity_n and_o self-denial_n than_o be_v discover_v before_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o great_a assurance_n we_o have_v of_o that_o grand_a motive_n to_o religion_n and_o virtue_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o a_o life_n either_o eternal_o happy_a or_o miserable_a when_o this_o be_v end_v yet_o certain_o it_o be_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n alone_o by_o which_o mankind_n be_v not_o only_o to_o live_v but_o also_o to_o be_v judge_v before_o the_o law_n give_v to_o moses_n and_o it_o must_v be_v for_o not_o live_v up_o to_o this_o natural_a light_n that_o the_o heathen_n shall_v be_v condemn_v who_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o christ_n or_o of_o a_o reveal_v religion_n and_o so_o can_v as_o st._n paul_n express_o declare_v to_o the_o roman_n believe_v on_o he_o of_o who_o they_o have_v not_o hear_v rom._n 10.14_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o apostle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o epistle_n appeal_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n from_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v see_v that_o be_v the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o their_o fall_a notwithstanding_o this_o knowledge_n into_o that_o gross_a idolatry_n they_o profess_v as_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o god_n give_v they_o up_o to_o their_o own_o heart_n lust_n because_o that_o when_o they_o know_v god_n they_o glorify_v he_o not_o as_o god_n neither_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n and_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v five_o 21._o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o apostle_n far_o tell_v they_o that_o when_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n these_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n as_o the_o main_a substance_n or_o effect_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o this_o law_n alone_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_v mark_v what_o immediate_o follow_v their_o conscience_n bear_v witness_n and_o their_o own_o thought_n or_o reason_v as_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v render_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v each_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o apostle_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o rewarder_n of_o good_a work_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o reveal_v religion_n and_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o save_a faith_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n chap._n 11._o v._n 6._o but_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o please_v he_o for_o he_o that_o come_v unto_o god_n must_v first_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o rewarder_n of_o all_o they_o that_o diligent_o seek_v he_o but_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o natural_a religion_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o reveal_v since_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n wilkins_n late_a bishop_n of_o chester_n have_v so_o well_o perform_v that_o noble_a undertake_n in_o that_o excellent_a posthumous_n treatise_n publish_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n tillotson_n now_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o which_o nothing_o needs_o to_o be_v add_v by_o so_o mean_v a_o pen_n as_o i_o but_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o derive_v from_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o true_a politic_n as_o be_v those_o which_o be_v appeal_v to_o in_o all_o controversy_n between_o civil_a sovereign_n and_o also_o be_v the_o main_a rule_n of_o those_o mutual_a duty_n between_o sovereign_n and_o their_o subject_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v how_o these_o law_n may_v be_v discover_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n now_o whereas_o this_o can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n viz._n either_o from_o the_o certain_a and_o manifest_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o proceed_v from_o their_o observation_n or_o two_o from_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v be_v already_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o other_o especial_o by_o the_o most_o learned_a hugo_n grotius_n in_o his_o admirable_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la and_o by_o his_o brother_n william_n in_o that_o small_a posthumous_n treatise_n de_fw-fr principiis_fw-la juris_fw-la naturalis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o judicious_a mounseur_fw-fr puffendorf_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la as_o also_o by_o our_o own_o countryman_n dr._n sharrock_n who_o have_v all_o undertake_v to_o prove_v their_o certainty_n from_o their_o general_a belief_n and_o reception_n by_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o civilise_a nation_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n in_o that_o most_o elaborate_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la juxta_fw-la placita_fw-la hebraeorum_n and_o as_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o those_o great_a man_n have_v all_o deserve_v very_o well_o in_o their_o way_n so_o i_o think_v none_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n than_o that_o excellent_a work_n of_o grotius_n the_o elder_a which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o its_o kind_n so_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o endure_v as_o long_o as_o virtue_n and_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o esteem_n among_o mankind_n and_o though_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o this_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o to_o render_v it_o altogether_o fallacious_a or_o useless_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v yet_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v they_o can_v chief_o serve_v to_o convince_v man_n of_o sincere_a and_o honest_a mind_n and_o who_o be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o virtue_n and_o right_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v more_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o certain_a to_o seek_v for_o a_o firm_a and_o clear_a demonstration_n thereof_o from_o a_o strict_a search_n and_o inquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o self_n by_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o may_v attain_v not_o only_o to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o of_o that_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v all_o derive_v but_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o narrow_a bound_n of_o a_o preface_n to_o propose_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v against_o their_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o perhaps_o can_v it_o be_v do_v at_o all_o to_o the_o universal_a satisfaction_n even_o of_o indifferent_a person_n since_o it_o may_v be_v still_o urge_v by_o those_o that_o do_v not_o admit_v they_o that_o although_o some_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n may_v be_v indeed_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o understand_n and_o
show_v we_o that_o not_o the_o private_a felicity_n of_o any_o single_a man_n be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o of_o any_o one_o who_o will_v true_o obey_v his_o will_n and_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o also_o appear_v that_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o from_o their_o own_o natural_a force_n and_o efficacy_n be_v apt_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a be_v certain_o better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v only_o serve_v the_o private_a good_a of_o any_o one_o man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o a_o common_a good_a be_v great_a than_o a_o private_a so_o likewise_o those_o action_n which_o take_v the_o near_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o effect_n as_o a_o end_n be_v call_v right_o because_o of_o their_o natural_a similitude_n with_o a_o right_n or_o straight_o line_n which_o be_v always_o the_o short_a between_o the_o two_o term_n but_o the_o same_o action_n when_o compare_v with_o a_o natural_a or_o positive_a law_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o life_n or_o manner_n and_o be_v find_v conformable_a to_o it_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a and_o also_o right_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n but_o the_o rule_n itself_o be_v call_v right_o or_o straight_o as_o it_o show_v the_o near_a way_n to_o the_o end_n but_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o for_o the_o clear_a explication_n of_o these_o thing_n to_o what_o we_o have_v far_o say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o discourse_n its_o self_n especial_o in_o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o we_o prove_v against_o mr._n h_n principle_n that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a natural_a and_o moral_a good_a antecedent_n to_o civil_a law_n but_o however_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v you_o in_o short_a the_o method_n which_o we_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v real_o and_o indeed_o and_o not_o metaphorical_o ah_o law_n 1._o this_o general_a supposition_n be_v premise_v that_o all_o particular_a person_n who_o can_v either_o promote_v or_o oppose_v this_o common_a good_a be_v part_n of_o that_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v either_o preserve_v or_o prejudice_v by_o their_o endeavour_n we_o shall_v not_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a proof_n as_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o action_n of_o which_o we_o have_v partly_o treat_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o partly_o from_o their_o natural_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o our_o observation_n on_o mr._n h_n principle_n all_o which_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o felicity_n or_o high_a reward_n be_v essential_o connect_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n with_o the_o most_o full_a and_o constant_a exercise_n of_o our_o natural_a power_n employ_v about_o the_o noble_a object_n and_o great_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o as_o proportion_v to_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o man_n endue_v with_o these_o faculty_n be_v natural_o oblige_v under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v or_o miss_v of_o this_o their_o happiness_n to_o exercise_v those_o power_n about_o the_o worthy_a object_n viz._n god_n and_o mankind_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v long_o doubt_v whether_o our_o faculty_n may_v be_v more_o happy_o exercise_v in_o maintain_v friendship_n or_o enmity_n with_o they_o for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v certain_a there_o can_v be_v no_o neutral_a state_n in_o which_o god_n and_o man_n can_v neither_o be_v belove_v nor_o hate_v or_o in_o which_o we_o can_v stand_v so_o far_o neuter_n as_o neither_o to_o do_v thing_n grateful_a nor_o ungrateful_a to_o they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a necessity_n if_o we_o will_v be_v true_o happy_a of_o preserve_v amity_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n here_o be_v thereby_o present_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o be_v now_o inquire_v into_o for_o this_o alone_a establish_v all_o natural_a religion_n and_o also_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v beside_o piety_n towards_o god_n 1._o a_o peaceable_a commerce_n and_o agreement_n of_o divers_a nation_n which_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o branch_n or_o subordinate_a member_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n 2._o the_o constitution_n and_o conservation_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n and_o 3._o the_o continuance_n of_o domestic_a relation_n and_o private_a friendship_n concern_v which_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o ethic_n as_o also_o the_o more_o particular_a one_o of_o oeconomy_n do_v prescribe_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v put_v together_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n by_o which_o all_o particular_a person_n of_o sound_a mind_n be_v some_o way_n render_v capable_a of_o so_o large_a a_o society_n and_o be_v either_o more_o near_o or_o remote_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o we_o do_v here_o entreat_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o will_v not_o consider_v those_o thing_n each_o of_o they_o single_o or_o apart_o but_o all_o together_o since_o from_o all_o of_o they_o conjoin_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o evince_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o most_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o man_n will_v necessary_o fail_v of_o their_o happiness_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o adequate_a or_o proper_a exercise_n of_o their_o rational_a faculty_n unless_o they_o will_v exercise_v they_o in_o cultivate_v this_o amity_n or_o love_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n to_o which_o end_v they_o be_v before_o all_o other_o animal_n particular_o adapt_v but_o from_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o action_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n we_o have_v also_o further_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o sanction_n by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v most_o common_o connect_v with_o such_o action_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n god_n as_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v to_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v by_o such_o action_n or_o endeavour_n as_o that_o the_o good_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o be_v thereby_o secure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o all_o thing_n profitable_a for_o particular_a person_n procure_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o this_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o allow_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v more_o worthy_a a_o rational_a creature_n and_o from_o whence_o great_a effect_n can_v proceed_v than_o a_o will_v always_o propeuse_n towards_o the_o good_a of_o this_o whole_a body_n govern_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o right_a understanding_n therefore_o since_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v foreknow_v that_o such_o effect_n will_v follow_v from_o this_o endeavour_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o present_a comfort_n of_o true_a piety_n be_v therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n beside_o those_o many_o conveniency_n of_o peace_n and_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o emolument_n both_o of_o civil_a and_o domestic_a government_n and_o private_a friendship_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n as_o the_o common_a reward_n thereof_o and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n within_o our_o power_n be_v otherwise_o obtain_v so_o that_o he_o who_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v also_o reject_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o felicity_n and_o embrace_v those_o of_o his_o misery_n as_o a_o punishment_n due_a to_o his_o folly_n in_o short_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o high_a happiness_n which_o we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o self_n proceed_v from_o our_o care_n both_o of_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n and_o peace_n with_o men._n and_o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o can_v only_o be_v find_v in_o his_o soul_n who_o true_o study_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o great_a reward_n that_o any_o one_o can_v acquire_v be_v necessary_o connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n
knowledge_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n §_o 2._o and_o also_o that_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o this_o one_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a that_o prudence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o graet_fw-la end_n the_o common_a good_a as_o constancy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a fortitude_n §_o 3._o that_o temperance_n or_o moderation_n in_o all_o corporeal_a pleasure_n be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o under_o love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v contain_v the_o virtue_n of_o innocence_n meekness_n etc._n etc._n §_o 4_o 5._o equity_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 6._o the_o same_o prove_v likewise_o of_o justice_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v we_o either_o by_o natural_a or_o civil_a law_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o a_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n necessary_a thereunto_o the_o one_o in_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o other_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n §_o 7._o from_o property_n arise_v the_o necessity_n of_o contract_n promise_n gift_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o this_o great_a law_n §_o 8._o from_o this_o natural_a property_n arise_v the_o virtue_n of_o moderation_n set_v bound_n to_o inordinate_a self-love_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a frugality_n no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o render_v we_o not_o burdensome_a not_o injurious_a to_o other_o §_o 9_o the_o natural_a love_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o limit_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 10._o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n such_o as_o temperance_n frugality_n etc._n etc._n more_o particular_o explain_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o §_o 11._o the_o same_o more_o particular_o apply_v and_o make_v out_o in_o every_o particular_a virtue_n which_o constitute_v justice_n §_o 12._o all_o the_o homolitical_a virtue_n i._n e._n such_o as_o respect_v conversation_n or_o the_o due_a use_n of_o speech_n explain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o a_o like_a respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 13_o 14_o 15._o self-love_n and_o self-preservation_n only_o lawful_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n §_o 16._o some_o far_a explanation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o temperance_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v §_o 17._o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v chastity_n a_o virtue_n only_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 18._o another_o part_n of_o it_o viz._n modesty_n in_o seek_v of_o riches_n honour_n etc._n etc._n virtue_n only_a as_o they_o limit_v our_o self-love_n from_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o we_o have_v need_n of_o or_o deserve_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 19_o that_o a_o regard_n to_o this_o great_a rule_n run_v through_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n §_o 20._o right_o reason_n explain_v to_o be_v only_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o end_n in_o all_o moral_a action_n towards_o god_n or_o man_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n §_o 21._o and_o that_o from_o their_o true_a understanding_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v have_v of_o natural_a law_n notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a latitude_n leave_v we_o for_o indifferent_a action_n §_o 22._o the_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o other_o good_n so_o it_o be_v a_o true_a standard_n or_o measure_n of_o they_o as_o show_v what_o good_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v before_o other_o §_o 23._o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v learn_v from_o hence_o what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o consequent_o thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o proportion_n of_o goodness_n and_o happiness_n §_o 24._o piety_n towards_o god_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n §_o 25._o nothing_o a_o good_a but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 26._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disquisition_n into_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o be_v that_o which_o make_v all_o moral_a philosophy_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n §_o 27._o a_o brief_a conclusion_n out_o of_o dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o objection_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n platonist_n and_o epicurean_o against_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a the_o objection_n of_o the_o former_a to_o be_v first_o consider_v their_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n to_o imprint_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n on_o our_o mind_n §_o 1._o answer_v thereunto_o out_o of_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n etc._n etc._n §_o 2._o a_o far_a answer_n from_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o visible_a thing_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 3._o the_o laboriousness_n of_o our_o method_n no_o material_a objection_n §_o 4._o a_o explicit_a idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a not_o always_o necessary_a to_o its_o observation_n §_o 5._o another_o objection_n against_o our_o method_n that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v chief_o good_a to_o himself_o answer_v that_o this_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o i_o grant_v our_o obligation_n to_o it_o as_o a_o law_n can_v extend_v far_o than_o as_o it_o concern_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n §_o 6_o 7._o a_o reply_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o epicurean_o the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n etc._n etc._n to_o permit_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o unreasonable_a passion_n and_o lust_n of_o mankind_n answ._n that_o god_n intend_v man_n for_o a_o voluntary_a creature_n to_o be_v move_v by_o moral_a evil_n as_o well_o as_o good_a and_o that_o god_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o restrain_v his_o action_n by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n §_o 8_o 9_o second_o objection_n if_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n seem_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o it_o many_o live_n without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a §_o 10._o answer_n this_o objection_n be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n against_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o law_n than_o it_o be_v against_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o ignorance_n it_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o creation_n or_o else_o from_o want_n of_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o consider_v these_o thing_n §_o 11._o man_n not_o make_v a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n in_o discover_v these_o truth_n no_o objection_n against_o their_o certainty_n §_o 12._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n §_o 13._o this_o objection_n in_o vain_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v make_v up_o of_o particular_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a or_o general_a good_a which_o though_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v as_o true_a and_o real_a as_o any_o other_o and_o as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n far_o prove_v from_o lock_n be_v essay_n and_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_n can_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o notion_n §_o 14._o mr._n h_n great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v by_o signify_v nothing_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 15._o so_o neither_o that_o of_o preserve_v a_o man_n self_n or_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n unless_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 16._o not_o only_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n and_o
gentleman_n with_o who_o i_o have_v to_o do_v may_v laugh_v at_o all_o divine_a revelation_n not_o accept_v of_o any_o proof_n as_o sufficient_a but_o what_o can_v be_v bring_v from_o mere_a natural_a reason_n i_o shall_v therefore_o answer_v they_o in_o their_o own_o way_n and_o shall_v first_o of_o all_o grant_n that_o god_n may_v if_o he_o have_v think_v fit_a have_v create_v man_n without_o any_o possibility_n of_o sin_v and_o have_v determine_v he_o only_o to_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a but_o then_o god_n have_v not_o create_v a_o man_n but_o quite_o another_o creature_n for_o he_o have_v make_v man_n to_o consist_v of_o two_o different_a principle_n a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n the_o one_o to_o be_v drive_v on_o by_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n the_o other_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o reason_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v carry_v towards_o good_a or_o evil_a as_o one_o or_o other_o of_o these_o shall_v prevail_v so_o that_o consider_v what_o sort_n of_o creature_n god_n have_v make_v we_o he_o have_v do_v all_o he_o need_v to_o do_v towards_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n suppose_v that_o he_o have_v create_v we_o and_o deal_v with_o we_o as_o free_v voluntary_a agent_n endue_v with_o a_o freedom_n of_o choice_n either_o to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o consequence_n and_o nature_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n before_o we_o do_v they_o and_o either_o to_o act_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n or_o else_o clean_o contrary_a thereunto_o that_o be_v whole_o at_o random_n or_o by_o chance_n which_o be_v unworthy_a our_o rational_a nature_n §_o 9_o so_o that_o god_n have_v thus_o leave_v the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n happiness_n in_o his_o own_o power_n either_o to_o be_v obtain_v by_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a or_o else_o miss_v of_o or_o lose_v by_o his_o own_o neglect_n of_o it_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v if_o man_n unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n look_v no_o far_a than_o their_o present_a pleasure_n or_o outward_a advantage_n do_v often_o carry_v they_o away_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o those_o future_a but_o as_o certain_a and_o great_a evil_n which_o may_v follow_v they_o in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n by_o which_o abuse_n of_o man_n natural_a freedom_n i_o grant_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v and_o diminish_v therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o though_o god_n will_v be_v sufficient_o declare_v against_o such_o action_n it_o be_v not_o more_o often_o observe_v and_o follow_v nor_o can_v god_n have_v order_v thing_n better_a or_o otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v unless_o he_o shall_v have_v make_v man_n with_o out_o all_o freedom_n of_o choice_n and_o have_v determine_v his_o will_n only_o to_o one_o sort_n of_o action_n which_o have_v render_v he_o quite_o another_o creature_n and_o incapable_a of_o those_o reward_n and_o punishment_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o government_n of_o man_n as_o he_o be_v make_v by_o god_n a_o free_a voluntary_a agent_n second_o though_o god_n have_v thus_o make_v we_o free_a agent_n but_o that_o by_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o our_o faculty_n we_o become_v more_o prone_a to_o evil_a action_n than_o good_a one_o yet_o it_o must_v still_o be_v acknowledge_v god_n infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n have_v set_v such_o limit_n to_o the_o unruly_a appetite_n and_o passion_n of_o wicked_a man_n that_o though_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o by_o private_a violence_n war_n and_o persecution_n for_o religion_n they_o do_v more_o mischief_n to_o mankind_n than_o all_o the_o savage_a beast_n earthquake_n or_o plague_n in_o the_o world_n ever_o do_v yet_o this_o be_v but_o in_o some_o few_o particular_a place_n or_o country_n at_o a_o time_n and_o god_n have_v so_o restrain_v these_o passion_n and_o lust_n not_o only_o by_o natural_a divine_a and_o civil_a law_n but_o also_o by_o necessary_a ill_a consequence_n that_o follow_v such_o action_n that_o it_o be_v not_o often_o that_o such_o man_n can_v accomplish_v their_o wicked_a design_n with_o that_o success_n and_o pleasure_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o and_o in_o those_o country_n where_o these_o violence_n be_v act_v the_o scene_n often_o alter_v and_o in_o those_o country_n where_o civil-war_n and_o persecution_n for_o religion_n have_v not_o only_o very_o much_o disturb_v the_o common_a peace_n and_o happiness_n but_o also_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n god_n do_v often_o think_v fit_a either_o through_o man_n weariness_n of_o war_n or_o by_o the_o sudden_a death_n of_o a_o cruel_a and_o ambitious_a prince_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o it_o again_o to_o restore_v peace_n and_o happiness_n to_o these_o kingdom_n or_o country_n where_o civil-war_n and_o persecution_n have_v before_o so_o cruel_o rage_v and_o so_o long_o prevail_v so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o can_v be_v object_v against_o god_n intend_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o day_n he_o have_v preserve_v it_o in_o the_o same_o state_n as_o he_o have_v also_o do_v all_o other_o species_n of_o creature_n so_o that_o we_o may_v bold_o affirm_v the_o number_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v though_o it_o may_v please_v god_n for_o the_o correction_n or_o extirpation_n of_o some_o extreme_o wicked_a and_o incorrigible_a nation_n to_o permit_v they_o to_o be_v oppress_v diminish_v or_o quite_o destroy_v by_o foreign_a force_n civil_a war_n or_o domestic_a tyranny_n §_o 10._o a_o second_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v bring_v by_o those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n be_v that_o if_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o discover_v by_o man_n natural_a reason_n and_o observation_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v some_o whole_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n who_o have_v as_o we_o know_v of_o no_o notion_n at_o all_o of_o a_o god_n or_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a as_o traveller_n report_n of_o those_o negro_n who_o inhabit_v near_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n not_o far_o from_o the_o cape_n of_o good-hope_a who_o also_o fall_v their_o child_n for_o slave_n to_o those_o that_o will_v give_v most_o for_o they_o as_o also_o other_o in_o the_o west_n and_o east-indies_n that_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o devour_v all_o stranger_n they_o can_v take_v prisoners_z other_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o formosa_fw-la render_v abortive_a all_o child_n that_o the_o mother_n conceive_v before_o they_o be_v thirty_o year_n old_a other_o in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o in_o africa_n steal_v from_o stranger_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v lay_v their_o hand_n on_o it_o be_v tedious_a to_o relate_v all_o the_o particular_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n whosoever_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o of_o they_o may_v consult_v the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a essay_n of_o human_a understanding_n book_n the_o i._o chap._n iii_o §_o 9_o beside_o what_o he_o may_v himself_o collect_v from_o his_o own_o read_n or_o observation_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o if_o these_o people_n be_v part_n of_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o rational_a creature_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a as_o well_o as_o we_o to_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o those_o natural_a law_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v give_v to_o mankind_n §_o 11._o to_o all_o which_o i_o shall_v reply_v not_o by_o deny_v as_o some_o do_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n themselves_o which_o be_v a_o easy_a but_o too_o positive_a a_o way_n of_o confutation_n but_o shall_v take_v they_o at_o present_a for_o grant_v since_o they_o be_v deliver_v to_o we_o by_o many_o author_n of_o sufficient_a credit_n and_o therefore_o first_o of_o all_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o though_o these_o instance_n may_v be_v of_o considerable_a weight_n against_o those_o who_o find_v all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o certain_a innate_a principle_n or_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n yet_o they_o will_v prove_v nothing_o against_o we_o who_o have_v i_o hope_v make_v out_o the_o certainty_n and_o obligation_n of_o this_o law_n from_o more_o evident_a principle_n so_o that_o the_o contrary_a belief_n or_o practice_n of_o divers_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n than_o their_o ignorance_n in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n be_v against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o those_o science_n these_o people_n be_v most_o of_o they_o not_o able_a
to_o reckon_v beyond_o their_o ten_o finger_n now_o set_v aside_o innate_a idea_n and_o consent_v of_o nation_n as_o proof_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o other_o mean_n do_v there_o remain_v but_o the_o uncertain_a tradition_n of_o a_o god_n and_o these_o moral_a law_n from_o their_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n or_o else_o to_o discover_v they_o by_o reason_n and_o take_v observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o the_o former_a of_o these_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v now_o quite_o lose_v so_o that_o no_o footstep_n of_o it_o now_o remain_v among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a these_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v whole_o take_v up_o through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n either_o in_o procure_v for_o themselves_o the_o common_a necessary_n for_o life_n or_o else_o in_o brutish_a and_o sensual_a lust_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o give_v themselves_o no_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o think_v of_o these_o thing_n nor_o yet_o employ_v their_o thought_n in_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o be_v or_o for_o what_o end_n they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a sensible_a of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o what_o worship_n or_o duty_n he_o require_v of_o they_o nor_o can_v i_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o ignorance_n than_o what_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v who_o thus_o conclude_v his_o paragraph_n against_o the_o necessity_n of_o innate_a principle_n already_o cite_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n have_v you_o or_o i_o be_v bear_v say_v he_o at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n possible_o our_o thought_n and_o notion_n have_v not_o exceed_v these_o brutish_a one_o of_o the_o hoteutot_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o have_v the_o virginian_a king_n apochancana_n be_v educate_v in_o england_n he_o have_v perhaps_o be_v as_o know_v a_o divine_a and_o as_o good_a a_o mathematician_n as_o any_o in_o it_o the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o a_o more_o improve_v englishman_n lie_v bare_o in_o this_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o faculty_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o way_n modes_n and_o notion_n of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o be_v never_o direct_v to_o any_o other_o or_o far_a inquiry_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o any_o idea_n of_o a_o god_n as_o we_o have_v it_o be_v only_o because_o he_o pursue_v not_o those_o thought_n that_o will_v certain_o have_v lead_v he_o to_o it_o §_o 12._o which_o account_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o to_o take_v off_o this_o difficulty_n yet_o i_o shall_v far_o add_v that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o natural_a reason_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v exert_v and_o make_v use_v of_o according_a to_o a_o right_a method_n and_o be_v like_o the_o talon_n in_o the_o gospel_n either_o to_o be_v infinite_o increase_v or_o else_o may_v be_v bury_v without_o ever_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o it_o ought_v so_o that_o man_n not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o reason_n and_o those_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o god_n be_v not_o have_v give_v man_n sufficient_a mean_n and_o faculty_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n than_o if_o a_o man_n who_o by_o perpetual_a sit_v still_o shall_v have_v lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o leg_n have_v reason_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o god_n for_o not_o give_v he_o sufficient_a mean_n of_o go_v and_o help_v himself_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o most_o man_n power_n whether_o they_o will_v by_o a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o reason_n raise_v themselves_o to_o the_o high_a perfection_n and_o happiness_n that_o they_o human_a nature_n be_v capable_a of_o or_o else_o by_o employ_v their_o mind_n about_o mere_a sensual_a object_n and_o carnal_a enjoyment_n debase_v themselves_o into_o the_o state_n of_o brute_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reason_v about_o common_a and_o outward_a thing_n that_o constitute_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o since_o they_o reason_v right_a about_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o their_o sense_n but_o that_o it_o rather_o consist_v in_o the_o more_o excellent_a faculty_n of_o frame_v universal_a idea_n and_o by_o a_o due_a enquiry_n into_o the_o cause_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n of_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o will_n either_o natural_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o or_o else_o supernatural_o reveal_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o indeed_o i_o think_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o horse_n to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a creature_n than_o a_o man_n who_o have_v never_o have_v or_o else_o have_v total_o extinguish_v the_o belief_n of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o for_o the_o one_o life_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n god_n have_v give_v it_o but_o a_o man_n who_o want_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o by_o neglect_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n and_o by_o give_v himself_o whole_o up_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n debase_v his_o nature_n and_o so_o become_v by_o his_o own_o fault_n like_o a_o brute_n §_o 13._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o mr._n hobs_n disciple_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n or_o term_n of_o art_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n to_o support_v it_o of_o which_o opinion_n mr._n hobbs_n seem_v to_o be_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o leviath_n book_n i._n chap._n 4._o that_o of_o name_n some_o be_v proper_a and_o singular_a to_o over_o only_a thing_n as_o peter_n john_n this_o man_n this_o tree_n and_o some_o be_v common_a to_o many_o thing_n as_o man_n horse_n tree_n every_o of_o which_o though_o but_o one_o name_n be_v nevertheless_o the_o name_n of_o divers_a particular_a thing_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o which_o together_o it_o be_v call_v a_o universal_a there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n universal_a but_o name_n for_o the_o thing_n name_v be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o individual_a and_o singular_a so_o that_o on_o these_o principle_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o common_a good_a out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o it_o arise_v mere_o from_o compact_n every_o man_n be_v natural_o determine_v to_o seek_v his_o own_o particular_a preservation_n and_o satisfaction_n without_o the_o least_o consideration_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o §_o 14._o in_o answer_n to_o which_o objection_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o in_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o explication_n of_o it_o we_o have_v any_o where_o suppose_v that_o in_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a a_o man_n either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o neglect_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o true_a happiness_n there_o may_v have_v be_v some_o reason_n for_o this_o objection_n but_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o true_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v include_v in_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o depend_v inseparable_o upon_o it_o though_o i_o grant_v every_o man_n be_v own_o happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v a_o main_a motive_n of_o his_o act_n to_o this_o end_n and_o also_o consist_v in_o a_o right_a endeavour_n of_o it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o this_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n fall_v of_o itself_o unless_o they_o will_v affirm_v that_o a_o man_n self-preservation_n and_o happiness_n only_o consist_v in_o the_o present_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o own_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n let_v what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n which_o how_o false_a and_o unreasonable_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v any_o rational_a man_n may_v judge_v two_o we_o have_v also_o sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o there_o be_v a_o unalterable_a common_a good_a and_o evil_a establish_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a man_n but_o for_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n conceive_v under_o the_o collective_a idea_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonwealth_n since_o by_o compare_v our_o own_o particular_a nature_n
be_v common_o receive_v and_o practise_v by_o most_o nation_n for_o their_o general_a usefulness_n and_o conveniency_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v still_o require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n by_o who_o authority_n alone_o they_o can_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n the_o proof_n of_o which_o though_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o the_o question_n have_v be_v hitherto_o omit_v or_o but_o slight_o touch_v by_o former_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o beside_o the_o objection_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v also_o argue_v against_o this_o method_n though_o upon_o divers_a principle_n and_o from_o different_a design_n the_o latter_a intend_v that_o no_o body_n shall_v receive_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o obligatory_a to_o outward_a action_n before_o a_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v institute_v who_o shall_v ordain_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o law_n and_o though_o he_o sometime_o vouchsafe_v they_o that_o title_n yet_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 14._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v but_o improper_o call_v so_o and_o that_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v find_v large_o describe_v in_o the_o write_n of_o philosopher_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o be_v call_v law_n any_o more_o than_o the_o write_n or_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n be_v law_n till_o confirm_v and_o make_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mr._n selden_n more_o fair_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o want_n of_o authority_n in_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o that_o he_o may_v from_o hence_o show_v we_o a_o necessity_n of_o recur_v to_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o god_n and_o that_o he_o may_v thereby_o make_v out_o that_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n do_v only_o acquire_v the_o force_n of_o law_n because_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o 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tradition_n of_o any_o one_o or_o many_o nation_n to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o learned_a author_n have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o prove_v from_o divers_a general_a tradition_n of_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n that_o god_n give_v certain_a command_n to_o adam_n and_o after_o to_o noah_n contain_v in_o these_o seven_o precept_n call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o that_o those_o various_a quotation_n this_o learned_a author_n have_v there_o produce_v do_v clear_o prove_v that_o the_o jew_n believe_v that_o all_o nation_n whatever_o although_o they_o do_v not_o receive_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n yet_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v the_o same_o moral_a law_n which_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v all_o contain_v under_o the_o precept_n above_o mention_v and_o though_o this_o work_n be_v indeed_o most_o learned_o and_o judicious_o perform_v and_o may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o christian_a theology_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o still_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n concern_v man_n ignorance_n or_o want_v of_o discovery_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n for_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o those_o tradition_n they_o call_v the_o precept_n of_o noah_n shall_v be_v never_o so_o general_o or_o firm_o believe_v by_o the_o whole_a jewish_a nation_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o therefore_o make_v know_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o of_o not_o eat_v any_o part_n or_o member_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v just_o deride_v and_o receive_v with_o scorn_n by_o all_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o unwritten_a tradition_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sufficient_a promulgation_n make_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n of_o those_o law_n or_o precept_n therein_o contain_v and_o that_o all_o nation_n who_o perhaps_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o adam_n or_o noah_n shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o not_o live_v according_o to_o they_o especial_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o these_o latter_a age_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n begin_v to_o commit_v these_o tradition_n to_o write_v and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o ancient_a jew_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o since_o neither_o josephus_n nor_o philo_n judaeus_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o these_o precept_n in_o their_o write_n therefore_o that_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o those_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n or_o rule_n of_o life_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v more_o evident_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o all_o consider_v man_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a method_n to_o inquire_v first_o into_o their_o natural_a cause_n as_o well_o internal_a as_o external_a remote_a as_o near_o since_o by_o this_o series_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n we_o may_v at_o last_o be_v more_o easy_o bring_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n their_o first_o cause_n from_o who_o intrinsic_a perfection_n and_o extrinsic_a sanction_n by_o fit_a reward_n and_o due_a punishment_n we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o as_o well_o their_o authority_n as_o promulgation_n be_v derive_v i_o know_v indeed_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o former_a writer_n have_v be_v content_a to_o suppose_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o all_o act_n conformable_a thereunto_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o nature_n or_o at_o most_o do_v only_o affirm_v in_o general_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n without_o show_v we_o which_o way_n or_o the_o manner_n how_o therefore_o it_o seem_v high_o necessary_a to_o we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v more_o exact_o how_o the_o force_n of_o object_n from_o without_o and_o of_o our_o own_o notion_n or_o idea_n from_o within_o we_o do_v both_o concur_v towards_o the_o imprint_n and_o fix_v these_o principle_n in_o our_o mind_n as_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o work_n if_o it_o be_v well_o perform_v we_o hope_v may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n because_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o what_o mean_n man_n understand_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n or_o law_n of_o god_n so_o that_o if_o they_o practise_v they_o not_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o excuse_n and_o this_o principle_n will_v likewise_o serve_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n by_o which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v try_v whether_o they_o be_v just_o and_o right_o or_o not_o that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o may_v be_v correct_v and_o amend_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n whenever_o they_o have_v deviate_v from_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o hence_o may_v also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o man_n nature_n which_o administer_v present_a comfort_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o our_o mind_n from_o good_a action_n as_o also_o firm_a hope_n or_o presage_v of_o a_o future_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o they_o when_o this_o life_n be_v end_v whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o great_a misery_n and_o most_o dismal_a fear_n do_v proceed_v from_o wicked_a or_o evil_a action_n from_o whence_o the_o conscience_n seem_v furnish_v as_o it_o be_v with_o whip_n and_o scorpion_n to_o correct_v and_o punish_v all_o vice_n and_o improbity_n so_o that_o it_o may_v from_o hence_o appear_v that_o man_n be_v not_o delude_v in_o their_o moral_a notion_n either_o by_o clergyman_n or_o politician_n i_o grant_v the_o platonist_n undertake_v to_o dispatch_v
establish_v there_o be_v therein_o contain_v the_o large_a and_o most_o diffusive_a society_n between_o divers_a nation_n or_o commonweal_n and_o the_o true_a love_n and_o benevolence_n between_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o same_o commonweal_n as_o also_o between_o particular_a family_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v hence_o demonstrate_v and_o determine_v the_o certain_a rule_n and_o measure_n of_o true_a piety_n towards_o god_n as_o distinguish_v from_o impiety_n and_o superstition_n and_o also_o of_o all_o other_o virtue_n towards_o man_n which_o must_v be_v first_o true_o know_v and_o apply_v to_o their_o right_a object_n that_o the_o name_n of_o these_o virtue_n when_o false_o impose_v on_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n may_v not_o deceive_v we_o for_o it_o be_v hence_o evident_a that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o universal_a justice_n and_o benevolence_n viz._n all_o the_o particular_a virtue_n contain_v under_o they_o be_v only_o command_v in_o order_n to_o this_o common_a good_a because_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o such_o just_a and_o benevolent_a action_n be_v always_o endue_v with_o a_o natural_a power_n of_o procure_v and_o promote_a the_o common_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o commonweal_n as_o also_o of_o lesser_a society_n and_o particular_a person_n of_o all_o which_o consider_v in_o their_o due_a order_n and_o subordination_n to_o each_o other_o this_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v make_v up_o and_o consist_v §_o 21._o and_o farther_z it_o may_v be_v hence_o clear_o show_v what_o be_v that_o right_a reason_n by_o which_o every_o prudent_a man_n ought_v to_o prescribe_v to_o himself_o a_o just_a mediocrity_n in_o all_o his_o moral_a action_n for_o it_o only_o consist_v in_o practical_a proposition_n propose_v or_o declare_v to_o we_o this_o great_a end_n and_o also_o show_v we_o all_o the_o mean_n in_o our_o power_n whereby_o we_o may_v attain_v it_o which_o be_v those_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n prescribe_v the_o rule_n of_o piety_n and_o divine_a worship_n both_o private_a and_o public_a 2._o those_o that_o concern_v the_o society_n and_o commerce_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o commonweal_n 3._o all_o positive_a law_n whether_o civil_a or_o domestic_a tend_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o civil_a society_n wherein_o we_o live_v 4._o true_a and_o rational_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o knowledge_n or_o experience_n either_o of_o ourselves_o or_o other_o concern_v the_o natural_a efficacy_n of_o thing_n and_o action_n all_o which_o be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o such_o humane_a action_n as_o may_v either_o benefit_n or_o hurt_v mankind_n consider_v apart_o or_o in_o a_o aggregate_v body_n as_o in_o a_o family_n or_o nation_n since_o experience_n do_v not_o with_o less_o certainty_n teach_v we_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n be_v beneficial_a or_o hurtful_a to_o mankind_n than_o it_o show_v what_o sort_n of_o diet_n will_v either_o nourish_v or_o destroy_v we_o nor_o be_v it_o more_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n that_o a_o right_a or_o equal_a distribution_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n be_v requisite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n than_o it_o be_v to_o know_v in_o physic_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o life_n and_o health_n of_o a_o animal_n that_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o nourishment_n be_v equal_o distribute_v to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o member_n both_o which_o truth_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o same_o natural_a principle_n viz._n that_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o preserve_v the_o whole_a do_v also_o preserve_v all_o its_o part_n and_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n which_o preserve_v all_o the_o part_n or_o member_n do_v likewise_o serve_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v evident_a from_o true_a principle_n be_v a_o science_n teach_v by_o experience_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 22._o and_o thâ—â—_n from_o the_o immutable_a efficacy_n of_o corporeal_a cause_n of_o this_o sort_n for_o the_o production_n of_o their_o effect_n on_o all_o humane_a body_n depend_v all_o the_o certainty_n and_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o physic_n so_o likewise_o from_o their_o immutable_a influence_n or_o power_n on_o humane_a action_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o particular_a person_n family_n and_o commonweal_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n of_o those_o practical_a proposition_n call_v natural_a law_n which_o constitute_v moral_n philosophy_n show_v and_o determine_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o vice_n nor_o be_v that_o variety_n of_o action_n which_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o person_n in_o distinct_a family_n or_o commonweal_n and_o under_o various_a circumstance_n of_o life_n more_o repugnant_a to_o the_o constant_a care_n of_o preserve_v all_o the_o part_n or_o member_n which_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n than_o the_o diversity_n of_o deity_n and_o way_n of_o live_v peculiar_a to_o divers_a climate_n age_n or_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n be_v to_o the_o constant_a care_n that_o all_o man_n have_v of_o preserve_v their_o own_o life_n and_o health_n according_a to_o the_o several_a necessity_n of_o their_o nature_n for_o as_o in_o these_o we_o can_v by_o do_v whatever_o we_o will_v promote_v this_o end_n but_o nature_n have_v put_v some_o limit_n thereunto_o although_o our_o weak_a understanding_n can_v attain_v to_o a_o nice_a or_o mathematical_a exactness_n in_o assign_v they_o as_o we_o may_v live_v long_o and_o healthful_o enough_o without_o weigh_v our_o meat_n and_o drink_n like_o lessius_fw-la so_o we_o may_v likewise_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n although_o we_o do_v not_o always_o perform_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o or_o simple_o best_o in_o all_o case_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o god_n the_o legislator_n require_v if_o we_o true_o endeavour_v it_o and_o contribute_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a unto_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 23._o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o shall_v here_o repeat_v what_o i_o have_v before_o lay_v down_o that_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o natural_a good_n and_o the_o great_a of_o all_o other_o so_o it_o be_v the_o true_a standard_n of_o all_o other_o good_n either_o natural_a or_o moral_a so_o that_o by_o our_o compare_v they_o with_o this_o we_o may_v true_o determine_v whether_o they_o be_v great_a or_o less_o than_o each_o other_o and_o so_o whether_o they_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v desire_v and_o seek_v after_o or_o to_o be_v postpone_v to_o other_o great_a good_n likewise_o the_o same_o measure_n where_o the_o proportion_n of_o these_o good_n be_v take_v give_v we_o a_o true_a estimate_n of_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n and_o so_o show_v we_o what_o be_v more_o or_o less_o to_o be_v avoid_v or_o repent_v of_o §_o 24._o we_o may_v also_o hence_o learn_v what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o only_o such_o a_o proportion_n of_o affection_n be_v require_v as_o be_v congruous_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n and_o exact_o answer_v the_o true_a estimate_n of_o those_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n by_o which_o they_o be_v excite_v but_o since_o the_o government_n of_o our_o appetite_n and_o passion_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o that_o on_o which_o all_o our_o virtue_n and_o happiness_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n depend_v which_o government_n proceed_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o a_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o good_n and_o evil_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o large_a in_o explain_v what_o i_o have_v a_o little_a before_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o the_o common_a good_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o all_o our_o affection_n and_o passion_n as_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o determine_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o that_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v this_o common_a good_a to_o be_v that_o great_a end_n to_o who_o prosecution_n all_o man_n be_v natural_o oblige_v by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n who_o must_v have_v give_v we_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o good_a or_o evil_a to_o little_a purpose_n unless_o he_o have_v also_o give_v we_o a_o rule_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o several_a measure_n or_o degree_n of_o this_o goodness_n so_o that_o this_o common_a good_a be_v once_o establish_v as_o a_o certain_a measure_n or_o standard_n for_o this_o end_n the_o good_a of_o each_o particular_a person_n will_v bear_v such_o a_o proportion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o rational_n as_o the_o soundness_n of_o any_o one_o member_n do_v to_o the_o
unpunished_a since_o this_o may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o may_v also_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n since_o it_o may_v not_o only_o make_v man_n more_o careful_a of_o their_o good_n but_o may_v also_o serve_v to_o make_v those_o boy_n more_o crafty_a secret_a and_o undertake_v in_o great_a matter_n when_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o be_v man_n which_o as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o lycurgus_n make_v this_o law_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o lacedaemonian_n or_o egyptian_n may_v have_v make_v it_o lawful_a for_o thief_n and_o robber_n to_o assault_v all_o man_n person_n and_o take_v away_o their_o good_n by_o force_n or_o to_o rob_v man_n of_o those_o thing_n such_o as_o food_n and_o raiment_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o human_a life_n or_o that_o such_o a_o law_n can_v ever_o have_v be_v make_v practicable_a or_o have_v be_v observe_v without_o the_o absolute_a dissolution_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n whereas_o if_o mr._n h._n have_v but_o consider_v the_o distinction_n between_o that_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n which_o we_o have_v make_v out_o in_o the_o first_o chap._n of_o the_o precede_a discourse_n he_o have_v never_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n of_o suppose_v all_o theft_n or_o robbery_n whatsoever_o to_o become_v lawful_a if_o once_o ordain_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n §_o 3._o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o law_n of_o our_o own_o kingdom_n by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o whoever_o shall_v relieve_v a_o way_n go_v beggar_n 7._o shall_v forfeit_v ten_o shilling_n to_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o parish_n which_o law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o to_o prevent_v wander_v idleness_n and_o beggary_n in_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n to_o make_v a_o law_n against_o all_o charity_n or_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a whatsoever_o so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o no_o civil_a law_n whatsoever_o can_v lay_v any_o obligation_n upon_o man_n conscience_n but_o as_o they_o either_o regard_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o more_o general_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n §_o 4._o but_o whether_o mr._n h._n fell_a into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o a_o due_a knowledge_n and_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o flatter_v all_o civil_a sovereign_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v though_o it_o be_v very_o suspicious_a that_o he_o do_v it_o rather_o out_o of_o design_n than_o ignorance_n since_o he_o teach_v we_o in_o his_o the_o cive_z and_o leu._n that_o prince_n be_v free_a from_o all_o promise_n and_o compact_n to_o their_o subject_n may_v dispose_v of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o can_v do_v they_o no_o injury_n though_o they_o treat_v they_o never_o so_o cruel_o because_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o still_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o at_o once_o endeavour_n to_o destroy_v all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n in_o prince_n and_o all_o reverence_n and_o respect_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o nero_n or_o caligula_n and_o a_o trajan_n or_o a_o antonine_n and_o consequential_a to_o this_o he_o likewise_o make_v the_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n though_o perhaps_o but_o one_o single_a man_n to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a just_a and_o unjust_a so_o that_o whatever_o he_o command_v or_o forbid_v must_v immediate_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a or_o evil_a because_o he_o have_v command_v it_o or_o forbid_v it_o by_o which_o mean_n prince_n will_v have_v no_o other_o rule_n leave_v they_o of_o their_o moral_n or_o politic_a action_n but_o their_o own_o arbitrary_a humour_n or_o will_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o man_n will_v be_v in_o a_o much_o worse_a condition_n under_o the_o power_n of_o this_o irresistible_a leviathan_n than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n since_o a_o man_n be_v in_o more_o danger_n as_o to_o his_o life_n and_o fortune_n who_o be_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o one_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a man_n who_o command_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n than_o he_o who_o be_v before_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o single_a man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n since_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o have_v provide_v for_o his_o own_o security_n by_o combination_n with_o other_o which_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n it_o be_v upon_o his_o principle_n unlawful_a to_o do_v though_o i_o confess_v not_o be_v true_a to_o they_o he_o leave_v every_o man_n a_o right_n of_o self-defence_n or_o resistance_n even_o under_o a_o civil_a government_n whenever_o he_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_n or_o resist_v the_o magistrate_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o take_v away_o with_o one_o hand_n all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o bestow_v with_o the_o other_o §_o 5._o but_o i_o think_v i_o have_v now_o sufficient_o expose_v the_o falseness_n as_o well_o as_o wickedness_n of_o those_o principle_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v so_o uncharitable_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o either_o mr._n h._n or_o all_o his_o follower_n either_o do_v or_o will_v always_o act_v according_a to_o they_o yet_o as_o cicero_n long_o since_o observe_v in_o his_o office_n they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o thank_v the_o natural_a goodness_n and_o generosity_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n than_o the_o doctrine_n they_o have_v embrace_v if_o they_o do_v not_o but_o if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o tedious_a in_o the_o performance_n i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v pardon_v i_o if_o these_o pernicious_a principle_n be_v sufficient_o confute_v at_o last_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o judge_v of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n without_o first_o consider_v the_o author_n opinion_n in_o his_o own_o word_n and_o then_o strict_o examine_v the_o reason_n he_o bring_v for_o they_o which_o can_v not_o well_o be_v contract_v into_o a_o less_o compass_n but_o have_v not_o only_o i_o hope_v lay_v foundation_n for_o a_o more_o solid_a build_n in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n but_o also_o clear_v off_o that_o rubbish_n in_o this_o second_o part_n that_o may_v obstruct_v its_o evidence_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o candid_a and_o indifferent_a reader_n i_o shall_v therefore_o beseech_v god_n the_o great_a ruler_n of_o man_n heart_n and_o affection_n that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o this_o treatise_n may_v have_v that_o good_a effect_n as_o if_o not_o to_o produce_v yet_o at_o least_o to_o increase_v true_a piety_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n and_o charity_n among_o man_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o richard_n 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at_o michaelmas_n 1691._o his_o lordship_n be_v make_v custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la for_o the_o say_a county_n by_o the_o late_a lord_n commissioner_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n truth_n bring_v to_o light_n or_o the_o history_n of_o the_o first_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n james_n the_o i._o in_o four_o part_n i._o the_o happy_a state_n of_o england_n at_o his_o majesty_n entrance_n the_o corruption_n of_o it_o afterward_o with_o the_o rise_v of_o particular_a favourite_n and_o the_o division_n between_o this_o and_o other_o state_n abroad_o ii_o the_o divorce_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n francis_n howard_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o essex_n before_o the_o king_n delegate_n authorize_v under_o the_o king_n be_v broad_a seal_n as_o also_o the_o arraignment_n of_o sir_n jervis_n yelvis_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n etc._n etc._n about_o the_o murder_n of_o sir_n thomas_n overbury_n with_o all_o proceed_n thereupon_o and_o the_o king_n be_v gracious_a pardon_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o countess_n iii_o a_o declaration_n of_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n since_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n with_o the_o annual_a issue_n gift_n pension_n and_o extraordinary_a disbursement_n iv._o the_o commission_n and_o warrant_n for_o the_o burn_a of_o two_o heretic_n new_o revive_v with_o two_o pardon_n one_o for_o theophilus_n higgon_n the_o other_o for_o sir_n eustace_n hart._n the_o memoir_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr deageant_fw-fr contain_v the_o most_o secret_a transaction_n and_o affair_n of_o france_n from_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n vi_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o cardinal_n de_fw-fr richlieu_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o particular_a relation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o embrun_n voyage_n into_o england_n and_o of_o his_o negotiation_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n here_o together_o with_o the_o duke_n of_o bukingham_n letter_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n about_o the_o progress_n of_o that_o affair_n which_o happen_v the_o last_o year_n of_o k._n james_n i._o his_o reign_n faithful_o translate_v out_o of_o the_o french_a original_a the_o present_a state_n of_o christendom_n consider_v in_o nine_o dialogue_n between_o i._o the_o present_a pope_n alexander_n the_o viiith_o and_o lewis_n the_o fourteen_o ii_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n iii_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o the_o marescal_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fuillade_n iv._o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o schomberg_n v._o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o elector_n palatine_n vi_o lewis_n the_o xivth_o and_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr louvois_n vii_o the_o advoyer_n of_o berne_n and_o the_o chief_a syndic_n of_o geneva_n viii_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr chaulnes_n ix_o the_o young_a prince_n abafti_n and_o count_n tecke_o a_o new_a plain_a short_a and_o complete_a french_a and_o english_a grammar_n whereby_o the_o learner_n may_v attain_v in_o few_o month_n to_o speak_v and_o write_v french_a correct_o as_o they_o do_v now_o in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n and_o wherein_o all_o that_o be_v dark_a superfluous_a and_o deficient_a in_o other_o grammar_n be_v plain_a short_a and_o methodical_o supply_v also_o very_o useful_a to_o stranger_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n for_o who_o sake_n be_v add_v a_o short_a but_o very_o exact_a english_a grammar_n the_o second_o edition_n by_o peter_n berault_n berault_n dr._n joh._n lock_n vide_fw-la chap._n des_fw-fr pensees_n morales_n book_n 8._o chap._n 3._o vid._n his_o essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n book_n i._n chap._n 11._o 11._o vide_fw-la the_o preface_n to_o de_fw-fr cive_z vid._n mezeray_n hist._n in_o the_o life_n of_o this_o prince_n leviath_n part_n i._n chap._n 12._o 12._o vid._n dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n pag._n 24._o demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 23._o credendum_fw-la est_fw-la totum_fw-la qd_n colitur_fw-la deus_fw-la homini_fw-la prodesse_fw-la non_fw-la deo_fw-la de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n x._o cap._n 5._o matt._n 12.7_o 8._o mark_v 2.27_o luk._n 10.30_o vâ—_n jo._n lerius_fw-la hist._n brasil_n as_o also_o the_o french_a history_n of_o the_o caribbè_a island_n island_n vid._n dr._n parker_n ecclesiastical_a policy_n chap._n 4._o p._n 126_o 127._o vi._n diog._n laert._n in_o vita_fw-la epicuri_fw-la stat_n 7._o jacobi_n cap._n 7._o
ourselves_o when_o we_o be_v persuade_v to_o do_v our_o duty_n by_o a_o consideration_n of_o benefit_n already_o receive_v as_o when_o we_o do_v it_o for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v receive_v hereafter_o yea_o he_o seem_v to_o act_v more_o generous_o who_o be_v move_v to_o act_v for_o a_o good_a only_o in_o expectation_n than_o he_o who_o do_v as_o much_o for_o the_o like_a good_a thing_n which_o he_o already_o enjoy_v but_o this_o method_n which_o we_o have_v here_o take_v to_o reduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o this_o single_a proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a seem_v the_o more_o convenient_a because_o its_o proof_n be_v more_o easy_a and_o expedite_a than_o that_o of_o so_o many_o rule_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v propose_v by_o philosopher_n and_o the_o memory_n will_v be_v less_o burden_v by_o the_o daily_a remembrance_n of_o this_o one_o proposition_n than_o of_o many_o especial_o when_o we_o be_v direct_v to_o it_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o common_a good_a as_o a_o measure_n whereby_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o consider_a man_n may_v put_v bound_n to_o his_o own_o action_n and_o passion_n in_o the_o do_n of_o which_o all_o moral_a virtue_n consist_v and_o this_o work_n aristotle_n have_v recommend_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o rational_a man_n in_o his_o definition_n of_o virtue_n though_o he_o have_v not_o indeed_o show_v we_o the_o rule_n of_o make_v this_o judgement_n whereas_o our_o proposition_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o best_a and_o great_a end_n that_o be_v respect_v be_v have_v to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n or_o of_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o god_n be_v the_o head_n and_o all_o the_o member_n be_v his_o subject_n and_o from_o this_o principle_n be_v also_o to_o be_v derive_v that_o order_n or_o preference_n among_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o which_o the_o former_a do_v still_o retain_v or_o limit_v the_o latter_a which_o dr._n sharrock_n have_v prudent_o and_o solid_o observe_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr officiis_n chap._n 10._o as_o for_o example_n that_o there_o be_v a_o prior_n reason_n for_o abstain_v from_o invade_v that_o which_o be_v another_o than_o of_o observe_v promise_n and_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o great_a account_n to_o be_v make_v of_o faith_n once_o give_v than_o of_o return_v benefit_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o all_o these_o rule_n be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o principle_n because_o it_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a that_o a_o prior_n law_n of_o nature_n concern_v make_v and_o preserve_a property_n shall_v not_o be_v violate_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o another_o right_n than_o that_o any_o one_o shall_v observe_v a_o compact_a or_o promise_v when_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o such_o a_o invasion_n and_o there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n in_o observe_v those_o other_o law_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n according_a to_o their_o due_a order_n and_o dignity_n so_o that_o indeed_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o wonder_v that_o we_o have_v so_o positive_o assert_v that_o no_o virtue_n can_v be_v explain_v without_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o state_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a intellectual_a world_n for_o we_o see_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n that_o the_o accident_n of_o body_n daily_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v the_o communication_n of_o motion_n gravitation_n and_o the_o action_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n firmness_n and_o fluidity_n rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n can_v never_o be_v explain_v without_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o the_o corporeal_a world_n and_o the_o motion_n therein_o to_o be_v preserve_v last_o from_o this_o order_n among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereby_o all_o the_o special_a one_o be_v still_o make_v subordinate_a to_o this_o general_a one_o of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o the_o low_a of_o they_o to_o the_o high_a it_o may_v easy_o be_v show_v that_o god_n never_o dispense_v with_o they_o unless_o in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o low_a or_o less_o law_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n so_o change_v as_o that_o there_o may_v be_v only_a place_n leave_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o high_a to_o conclude_v we_o have_v here_o likewise_o show_v that_o the_o generation_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v from_o these_o two_o principle_n tend_v to_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n viz._n first_o from_o that_o which_o command_v the_o constitution_n of_o a_o distinct_a property_n in_o thing_n and_o in_o the_o labour_n or_o endeavour_n of_o person_n whereby_o no_o such_o property_n be_v yet_o institute_v and_o where_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o to_o preserve_v it_o inviolate_a as_o the_o chief_a and_o necessary_a medium_fw-la to_o this_o common_a good_n 2._o from_o that_o law_n which_o command_v a_o peculiar_a love_n or_o benevolence_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n for_o this_o can_v never_o have_v exert_v itself_o unless_o our_o first_o parent_n have_v permit_v their_o child_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o enjoy_v a_o part_n of_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o be_v needful_a for_o their_o future_a subsistance_n and_o so_o from_o many_o such_o father_n of_o family_n join_v together_o by_o mutual_a compact_n for_o common_a defence_n may_v arise_v the_o first_o government_n in_o the_o world_n of_o whatsoever_o kind_n you_o please_v to_o suppose_v but_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n we_o have_v think_v it_o best_a to_o confine_v ourselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o philosophy_n and_o have_v whole_o abstain_v from_o theological_a question_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n concern_v good_a or_o evil_a spirit_n or_o angel_n or_o take_v in_o their_o good_a or_o happiness_n into_o our_o hypothesis_n for_o though_o i_o doubt_v not_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o intelligent_a being_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o we_o can_v understand_v of_o they_o proceed_v whole_o from_o divine_a revelation_n or_o humane_a tradition_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v true_a mean_n of_o obtain_v philosophical_a or_o natural_a knowledge_n as_o for_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v the_o confutation_n of_o some_o of_o mr._n h_n principle_n or_o argument_n since_o the_o first_o part_n be_v entire_a without_o it_o and_o that_o the_o truth_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o its_o self_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o reader_n whether_o he_o will_v trouble_v himself_o to_o peruse_v it_o or_o not_o since_o all_o man_n temper_n do_v not_o alike_o suit_n with_o the_o study_n of_o controversy_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a not_o only_o to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o better_a moral_a principle_n but_o also_o to_o show_v the_o falsehood_n and_o vanity_n of_o those_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o since_o otherwise_o it_o may_v have_v be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o unanswerable_a yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v perform_v that_o unpleasant_a task_n without_o reflect_v upon_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o disturb_v the_o ash_n of_o a_o person_n who_o whilst_o he_o live_v be_v as_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v even_o by_o his_o enemy_n considerable_o famous_a both_o for_o wit_n and_o learning_n i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o add_v but_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o learned_a author_n who_o work_n i_o have_v now_o abridge_v have_v hit_v upon_o that_o true_a method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o advancement_n of_o learning_n 3._o tell_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o desire_v to_o see_v well_o perform_v and_o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o make_v enquiry_n into_o the_o true_a fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o public_a utility_n and_o so_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o law_n to_o represent_v a_o kind_n of_o real_a character_n or_o idea_n of_o that_o which_o be_v true_o just_a by_o which_o general_a mark_n he_o that_o will_v bend_v his_o study_n that_o way_n and_o examine_v the_o ground_n or_o endeavour_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a kingdom_n or_o state_n may_v be_v true_o guide_v in_o this_o noble_a undertake_n and_o he_o there_o proceed_v to_o give_v some_o general_a aphorism_n which_o he_o call_v the_o idea_n of_o universal_a justice_n and_o his_o five_o aphorism_n be_v very_a home_o to_o our_o purpose_n for_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o main_a end_n to_o which_o all_o law_n shall_v tend_v and_o whereunto_o they_o shall_v direct_v their_o decree_n and_o sanction_n be_v only_o the_o common_a good_a
or_o felicity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o sure_o this_o can_v have_v no_o foundation_n but_o as_o the_o felicity_n of_o any_o particular_a people_n or_o nation_n be_v contain_v in_o general_a or_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o fit_v to_o pierce_v into_o the_o internal_a fabric_n and_o real_a essence_n of_o body_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o also_o grant_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o a_o divine_a providence_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o lead_v we_o into_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a discovery_n of_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o as_o be_v the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o life_n and_o that_o it_o become_v we_o as_o rational_a creature_n to_o employ_v our_o faculty_n about_o what_o they_o be_v most_o adapt_v to_o and_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o nature_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o point_v we_o out_o the_o way_n so_o that_o it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o our_o proper_a employment_n lie_v in_o moral_a rather_o than_o natural_a truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o author_n have_v in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o three_o chapter_n pag._n 274._o this_o passage_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o supreme_a be_v infinite_a in_o power_n and_o wisdom_n who_o workmanship_n we_o be_v and_o on_o who_o we_o depend_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o ourselves_o as_o understanding_n rational_a creature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v clear_a to_o we_o these_o will_v i_o suppose_v if_o due_o consider_v and_o pursue_v afford_v such_o foundation_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o rule_n of_o action_n as_o may_v place_v morality_n among_o the_o science_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o from_o principle_n as_o incontestable_a as_o those_o of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n may_v be_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v apply_v himself_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n and_o attention_n to_o the_o one_o as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o science_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v p._n 325._o this_o give_v i_o the_o confidence_n to_o advance_v that_o conjecture_n which_o i_o suggest_v chap._n 3._o viz._n that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o mathematics_n for_o the_o idea_n that_o ethic_n be_v conversant_a about_o be_v all_o real_a essence_n and_o such_o as_o i_o imagine_v have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n and_o agreement_n one_o with_o another_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v their_o habitude_n and_o relation_n so_o far_o we_o shall_v be_v possess_v of_o certain_a real_a and_o general_a truth_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o right_a method_n be_v take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o morality_n may_v be_v make_v out_o with_o that_o clearness_n that_o can_v leave_v to_o a_o consider_v man_n no_o more_o reason_n to_o doubt_v than_o he_o can_v have_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n in_o mathematics_n which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o and_o i_o be_o confident_a our_o author_n have_v find_v out_o this_o only_a right_a method_n and_o make_v use_v of_o the_o fit_a demonstration_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o natural_a law_n so_o that_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o have_v as_o full_o demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v so_o as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v we_o so_o many_o mathematical_a demonstration_n of_o it_o but_o since_o as_o in_o the_o mathematics_n there_o be_v require_v certain_a principle_n or_o postulatum_n which_o must_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v before_o its_o professor_n be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o we_o shall_v reduce_v all_o we_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a into_o six_o plain_a postulata_fw-la the_o three_o first_o of_o which_o have_v be_v already_o make_v out_o by_o other_o both_o in_o latin_a and_o english_a i_o shall_v wave_v the_o proof_n of_o they_o and_o shall_v confine_v myself_o whole_o to_o the_o three_o last_o the_o proposition_n be_v these_o 1._o that_o there_o be_v one_o infinite_a most_o powerful_a intelligent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n who_o be_v the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o the_o universe_n or_o world_n 2._o that_o god_n as_o he_o have_v create_v so_o he_o likewise_o govern_v and_o preserve_v this_o world_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o spirit_n by_o certain_a corporeal_a motion_n and_o dictate_v of_o reason_n by_o which_o spirit_n act_n as_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o his_o providence_n 3._o that_o god_n thereby_o maintain_v and_o preserve_v all_o his_o creature_n and_o far_a design_n the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v sensible_a as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v admit_v and_o that_o power_n which_o god_n have_v give_v to_o mankind_n over_o they_o 4._o that_o of_o all_o animate_v or_o sensible_a creature_n god_n have_v make_v man_n alone_o to_o be_v conscious_a of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v more_o particular_o his_o duty_n to_o act_v as_o his_o subservient_fw-fr instrument_n not_o only_o for_o his_o own_o private_a good_a and_o happiness_n but_o also_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n 5._o that_o this_o knowledge_n of_o god_n will_n as_o our_o duty_n be_v plain_o discover_v to_o we_o from_o the_o be_v and_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o he_o have_v make_v necessary_a for_o our_o use_n and_o preservation_n 6._o that_o these_o dictate_v or_o conclusion_n of_o right_a reason_n all_o tend_v to_o one_o great_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v contain_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v or_o right_o order_v of_o our_o action_n to_o this_o end_n constitute_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v to_o the_o bookseller_n the_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o treatise_n send_v it_o to_o i_o then_o be_v in_o a_o private_a station_n above_o a_o year_n ago_o but_o then_o conceal_v his_o name_n from_o i_o either_o through_o his_o great_a modesty_n or_o because_o in_o his_o prudence_n he_o think_v that_o if_o i_o know_v he_o i_o may_v be_v bias_v in_o my_o judgement_n by_o the_o honour_n which_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o have_v to_o his_o family_n and_o especial_o to_o his_o grandfather_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o most_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n wherefore_o i_o read_v the_o book_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o unknown_a writer_n and_o consider_v only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n thus_o i_o find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o well_o translate_v and_o epitomise_v in_o some_o place_n what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a but_o have_v full_o digest_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o my_o design_n in_o a_o well_o choose_a method_n of_o his_o own_o with_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o have_v add_v some_o illustration_n of_o his_o own_o or_o from_o other_o learned_a author_n with_o a_o philosophical_a liberty_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o allow_v for_o this_o reason_n i_o judge_v that_o the_o then_o unknown_a author_n have_v give_v too_o low_a a_o title_n to_o his_o book_n and_o that_o i_o be_v to_o esteem_v he_o a_o good_a hyperaspistes_n or_o able_a second_n in_o this_o combat_n for_o truth_n and_o justice_n rather_o than_o a_o translater_n or_o epitomiser_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v this_o oblige_a i_o to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o author_n name_n and_o quality_n and_o then_o i_o soon_o obtain_v the_o favour_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o more_o intimate_a conversation_n with_o he_o hereby_o i_o soon_o find_v that_o i_o may_v safe_o leave_v the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o good_a cause_n in_o which_o i_o be_v engage_v to_o his_o great_a ability_n and_o diligence_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o since_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o search_n into_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o many_o of_o our_o young_a gentry_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o way_n which_o this_o his_o treatise_n make_v plain_a before_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v receive_v assistance_n not_o
i_o if_o i_o think_v fit_a unless_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o sufficient_a power_n to_o vindicate_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o his_o authority_n therefore_o the_o strict_a sanction_n which_o any_o sovereign_a power_n can_v give_v unto_o its_o law_n be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o only_o able_a but_o have_v also_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o it_o will_v confer_v a_o sufficient_a share_n of_o good_a thing_n or_o reward_n for_o so_o do_v and_o of_o evil_n or_o punishment_n upon_o any_o breach_n or_o neglect_v of_o its_o command_n so_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o this_o obligation_n be_v proper_o resolve_v into_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n or_o those_o to_o who_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o law_n be_v commit_v all_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o we_o find_v god_n command_v it_o to_o who_o we_o ought_v to_o yield_v absolute_a obedience_n though_o not_o in_o right_a of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n alone_o but_o rather_o as_o he_o have_v by_o his_o eternal_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o his_o creation_n and_o preservation_n of_o we_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o and_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o command_v we_o and_o consequent_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n as_o they_o be_v not_o only_o high_o reasonable_a be_v ordain_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n but_o be_v also_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o since_o the_o former_a seem_v more_o plain_o declare_v to_o mankind_n and_o be_v likewise_o more_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n which_o shall_v rather_o delight_v to_o be_v allure_v by_o reward_n than_o terrify_v by_o punishment_n i_o shall_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o natural_a reward_n annex_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o internal_a or_o external_n that_o be_v either_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o soul_n alone_o or_o to_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n joint_o consider_v judice_fw-la to_o his_o health_n do_v so_o much_o indulge_v his_o genius_n as_o to_o keep_v a_o table_n above_o his_o estate_n and_o thereby_o become_v unable_a to_o provide_v for_o his_o family_n or_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o be_v high_o guilty_a of_o intemperance_n though_o perhaps_o he_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o his_o health_n §_o 18._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n call_v chastity_n or_o continence_n i_o need_v not_o far_o to_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n depend_v upon_o it_o have_v already_o show_v divers_a of_o those_o evil_n and_o inconvenience_n that_o do_v necessary_o follow_v the_o contrary_a vice_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o commission_n of_o this_o offence_n of_o incontinence_n make_v a_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o therefore_o i_o define_v chastity_n to_o be_v the_o abstain_v from_o all_o inordinate_a or_o forbid_a lust_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o only_o confine_v to_o the_o bare_a forbid_v of_o fornication_n but_o also_o extend_v itself_o to_o that_o moral_a obligation_n or_o contract_n which_o we_o call_v marriage_n so_o that_o out_o of_o a_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a end_n those_o promiscuous_a copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n and_o divers_a other_o near_a relation_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o people_n of_o the_o world_n be_v lawful_a because_o then_o necessary_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n be_v now_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n become_v unlawful_a since_o without_o a_o abhorrence_n of_o this_o copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n it_o be_v hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o the_o chastity_n of_o such_o young_a person_n converse_v so_o constant_o and_o intimate_o together_o from_o their_o youth_n shall_v be_v otherwise_o preserve_v without_o a_o early_a prepossession_n of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o promiscuous_a copulation_n and_o hence_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o natural_a reason_n teach_v most_o nation_n after_o mankind_n begin_v to_o be_v multiply_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o first_o original_a relation_n they_o have_v to_o each_o other_o to_o be_v forget_v to_o prohibit_v marriage_n between_o near_a relation_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v new_a friendship_n and_o strict_a bond_n of_o amity_n shall_v be_v contract_v between_o family_n and_o person_n not_o near_o relate_v in_o blood_n from_o whence_o a_o large_a diffusion_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n proceed_v from_o this_o relation_n may_v be_v spread_v among_o person_n not_o only_o of_o the_o same_o commonweal_n but_o of_o divers_a nation_n and_o also_o that_o those_o faction_n and_o enmity_n which_o will_v often_o happen_v between_o particular_a man_n and_o family_n be_v they_o only_o to_o marry_v into_o their_o own_o clan_n or_o tribe_n may_v be_v prevent_v or_o if_o begin_v may_v by_o fresh_a alliance_n be_v reconcile_v and_o take_v away_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o virtue_n of_o chastity_n or_o continence_n can_v no_o way_n be_v true_o explain_v or_o understand_v without_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v viz._n the_o common_a peace_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 19_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v somewhat_o more_o concern_v that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o our_o seek_v after_o and_o acquire_v those_o outward_a good_n often_o conduce_v though_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o well_o be_v viz._n riches_n and_o honour_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o general_a law_n which_o limit_n our_o love_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v also_o from_o the_o same_o consideration_n to_o limit_v and_o regulate_v our_o desire_n both_o in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v these_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o as_o they_o may_v render_v we_o more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o great_a end_n abovementioned_a and_o to_o which_o they_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v subordinate_a the_o former_a of_o these_o virtue_n relate_v to_o riches_n be_v call_v moderation_n which_o be_v a_o limit_v care_n in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v riches_n of_o which_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o far_o have_v sufficient_o show_v the_o measure_n and_o reason_n of_o it_o when_o i_o define_v liberality_n and_o frugality_n with_o their_o opposite_a vice_n the_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o honour_n be_v call_v modesty_n and_o may_v be_v define_v a_o justice_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o a_o reasonable_a desire_n of_o honour_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o therefore_o consist_v in_o a_o due_a mediocrity_n as_o well_o in_o desire_v honour_n as_o avoid_v infamy_n and_o this_o virtue_n as_o it_o curb_v the_o desire_n from_o seek_v high_a thing_n than_o the_o person_n real_o deserve_v or_o may_v well_o pretend_v to_o in_o order_n to_o this_o great_a end_n be_v call_v humility_n which_o be_v a_o low_a or_o true_a esteem_n of_o a_o man_n self_n or_o personal_a merit_n but_o as_o this_o desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a often_o elevate_v the_o mind_n to_o the_o perform_n of_o great_a and_o noble_a action_n whereby_o he_o may_v acquire_v the_o high_a honour_n it_o be_v then_o call_v magnanimity_n and_o therefore_o the_o magnanimous_a be_v still_o suppose_a to_o be_v endue_v with_o perfect_a virtue_n and_o a_o most_o large_a desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o believe_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o judge_v himself_o worthy_a of_o any_o honour_n that_o he_o can_v just_o pretend_v to_o and_o i_o suppose_v every_o man_n be_v sensible_a that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o virtue_n not_o only_o to_o seek_v for_o true_a honour_n but_o also_o to_o take_v care_n to_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o these_o virtue_n the_o contrary_a vice_n be_v more_o easy_o understand_v for_o pride_n be_v direct_o opposite_a both_o to_o magnanimity_n and_o humility_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o preposterous_a ambition_n foolish_a arrogance_n or_o vainglory_n and_o so_o pusillanimity_n or_o meanness_n of_o spirit_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o magnanimity_n §_o 20._o thus_o we_o have_v run_v through_o almost_o all_o the_o particular_a virtue_n and_o do_v still_o find_v in_o each_o of_o they_o a_o constant_a respect_n or_o tendency_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n so_o that_o whether_o they_o regard_v ourselves_o or_o other_o the_o same_o great_a end_n be_v still_o intend_a by_o god_n the_o most_o wife_n legislator_n and_o this_o law_n be_v thus_o