a_o essay_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_n with_o a_o account_n of_o what_o be_v say_v at_o the_o council-board_n by_o the_o civilian_n upon_o the_o question_n whether_o their_o majesty_n subject_n take_v at_o sea_n act_v by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n may_v not_o be_v look_v on_o as_o pirate_n with_o reflection_n upon_o the_o argument_n of_o sir_n t._n p._n and_o dr._n ol._n by_o mat._n tindall_n doctor_n of_o law_n london_n print_v for_o richard_n baldwin_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n in_o warwick-lane_n 1694._o a_o essay_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o right_n of_o sovereign_n the_o malice_n of_o the_o jacobite_n be_v so_o restless_a that_o it_o omit_v no_o opportunity_n to_o raise_v story_n though_o never_o so_o false_a and_o improbable_a scruple_n at_o no_o mean_n though_o never_o so_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a to_o reflect_v upon_o and_o expose_v the_o government_n what_o have_v they_o not_o say_v against_o it_o for_o design_v to_o try_v as_o pirate_n those_o who_o accept_v commission_n from_o the_o late_a king_n to_o take_v the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o their_o majesty_n liege_n subject_n so_o strange_o afraid_a be_v they_o that_o people_n shall_v be_v discourage_v from_o disturb_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o make_v what_o they_o report_v the_o more_o colourable_a and_o the_o injustice_n of_o try_v they_o contrary_a as_o they_o say_v to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o nation_n apparent_a they_o have_v every_o where_o disperse_v false_a account_n of_o what_o be_v say_v by_o those_o civilian_n who_o when_o consult_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n upon_o this_o question_n whether_o their_o majesty_n subject_n take_v at_o sea_n act_v by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n may_v not_o be_v look_v on_o as_o pirate_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o who_o reason_n beside_o all_o the_o dirt_n imaginable_a that_o they_o have_v throw_v on_o their_o person_n they_o have_v so_o represent_v by_o alter_v or_o leave_v out_o what_o be_v most_o material_a as_o to_o make_v they_o appear_v ridiculous_a the_o duty_n i_o owe_v to_o the_o public_a since_o no_o better_a pen_n have_v attempt_v it_o will_v oblige_v i_o to_o give_v a_o impartial_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a proceed_v which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o wipe_v off_o all_o the_o lie_v and_o calumny_n they_o have_v disperse_v and_o to_o persuade_v all_o impartial_a person_n that_o those_o who_o be_v take_v act_v by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n at_o sea_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v condemn_v as_o pirate_n but_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v better_o apprehend_v and_o judge_v of_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v urge_v on_o both_o side_n and_o of_o the_o question_n itself_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o show_v what_o the_o lawâ—_n of_o nation_n be_v and_o how_o far_o king_n and_o other_o supreme_a governor_n be_v concern_v in_o they_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v certain_a rule_n and_o custom_n observe_v by_o nation_n in_o their_o intercourse_n with_o one_o another_o which_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o evident_a and_o common_a profit_n as_o they_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o maintain_v a_o mutual_a correspondence_n have_v be_v constant_o practise_v by_o they_o and_o be_v esteem_v as_o sacred_a they_o be_v build_v upon_o no_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o general_a good_a of_o society_n to_o which_o a_o mutual_a correspondence_n that_o can_v not_o be_v uphold_v but_o by_o observe_v these_o rule_n be_v high_o necessary_a the_o several_a legislative_a power_n of_o nation_n never_o enact_v such_o law_n nor_o have_v all_o other_o nation_n authority_n to_o oblige_v any_o sovereign_n independent_a state_n which_o can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v bind_v to_o observe_v these_o rule_n but_o as_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o mutual_a good_a of_o society_n so_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o nature_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o mean_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o man_n to_o man_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o mutual_a aid_n and_o assistance_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o common_a necessity_n one_o man_n owe_v to_o another_o without_o the_o observance_n of_o which_o mankind_n can_v not_o well_o subsist_v which_o law_n as_o it_o respect_v the_o duty_n of_o single_a person_n to_o one_o another_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o as_o it_o respect_v man_n collective_o as_o they_o be_v body_n politic_a and_o the_o relation_n they_o have_v to_o one_o another_o as_o such_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n who_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n be_v bind_v by_o no_o other_o law_n but_o those_o of_o nature_n though_o it_o be_v general_o affirm_v by_o author_n that_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o be_v mere_o positive_a and_o in_o themselves_o indifferent_a that_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n yet_o they_o no_o way_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o or_o pretend_v to_o show_v how_o long_o any_o thing_n must_v be_v practise_v or_o among_o how_o many_o nation_n to_o make_v it_o a_o universal_a stand_a law_n to_o all_o nation_n in_o a_o civil_a society_n custom_n grow_v into_o law_n because_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n they_o shall_v custom_n be_v their_o presume_a or_o unwritten_a will_n which_o they_o by_o their_o express_a will_n may_v alter_v as_o they_o please_v but_o among_o different_a nation_n there_o be_v no_o common_a legislative_a power_n but_o every_o nation_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o act_v as_o it_o please_v nor_o can_v any_o nation_n be_v presume_v to_o tie_v itself_o up_o further_a than_o their_o own_o or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o society_n do_v require_v it_o nor_o can_v they_o by_o any_o custom_n though_o of_o never_o so_o long_a continuance_n if_o they_o be_v in_o their_o nature_n indifferent_a be_v any_o long_o bind_v than_o they_o please_v provide_v they_o public_o declare_v that_o as_o they_o intend_v not_o to_o use_v they_o any_o long_a themselves_o so_o they_o leave_v other_o the_o same_o liberty_n a_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a ought_v not_o light_o to_o change_v what_o they_o have_v general_o practise_v it_o look_v like_o affect_a singularity_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o fashion_n but_o if_o they_o do_v they_o break_v no_o law_n but_o i_o dare_v be_v positive_a that_o there_o be_v no_o custom_n except_o what_o be_v obligatory_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v universal_o receive_v but_o in_o different_a part_n of_o the_o world_n different_a custom_n have_v obtain_v and_o even_o among_o the_o same_o nation_n at_o different_a time_n different_a practice_n which_o be_v frequent_o change_v without_o any_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o mere_o positive_a but_o where_o precedent_n may_v be_v bring_v on_o both_o side_n which_o show_v the_o thing_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v do_v without_o injury_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n among_o the_o head_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n that_o concern_v ambassador_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a yet_o what_o be_v more_o different_a than_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o learned_a man_n about_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o ambassador_n further_o than_o they_o be_v deducible_a from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o law_n the_o person_n of_o ambassador_n ought_v to_o be_v inviolable_a even_o when_o send_v to_o enemy_n because_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v make_v or_o preserve_v or_o difference_n compose_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v shall_v be_v do_v except_o those_o that_o be_v send_v on_o such_o errand_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v safe_a but_o also_o be_v permit_v to_o treat_v with_o freedom_n and_o procure_v as_o advantageous_a term_n as_o they_o can_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o employ_v they_o what_o be_v more_o than_o this_o or_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o end_v they_o be_v send_v any_o prince_n may_v refuse_v it_o they_o provide_v he_o be_v willing_a his_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v treat_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o not_o only_o to_o ambassador_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n but_o to_o any_o that_o be_v send_v by_o private_a person_n as_o by_o merchant_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o trade_n if_o prince_n will_v admit_v they_o to_o treat_v they_o must_v allow_v they_o what_o be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o it_o and_o further_o than_o this_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n nay_o grotius_n who_o be_v the_o great_a asserter_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o
nation_n in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr legationum_fw-la jure_fw-la say_v that_o even_o this_o question_n whether_o the_o person_n of_o ambassador_n be_v inviolable_a can_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la violandis_fw-la legatis_fw-la difficilior_fw-la est_fw-la quaestio_fw-la &_o variè_fw-la &_o a_o claris_fw-la huius_fw-la seculi_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la jactata_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o at_o last_o conclude_v spectandum_fw-la ergo_fw-la quousque_fw-la gentes_fw-la consenserint_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la solis_fw-la exemplis_fw-la evinci_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la extant_a satis_fw-la multa_fw-la in_o partem_fw-la utramque_fw-la recurrendum_fw-la igitur_fw-la tum_fw-la ad_fw-la sapientum_fw-la judicia_fw-la tum_fw-la ad_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la where_o nation_n have_v neither_o express_o declare_v nor_o be_v there_o example_n enough_o whereon_o to_o found_v their_o tacit_n consent_n there_o can_v be_v no_o obligation_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n but_o from_o the_o matter_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v conducive_a to_o the_o good_a of_o society_n upon_o which_o alone_o the_o judgement_n of_o wise_a man_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o conjecture_n must_v be_v found_v what_o look_v more_o like_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n than_o that_o general_a custom_n of_o prince_n have_v person_n of_o public_a character_n perpetual_o resident_a in_o one_o another_o kingdom_n yet_o grotius_n say_v in_o the_o forego_n §_o optimo_fw-la autem_fw-la jure_fw-la possunt_fw-la rejici_fw-la quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la sunt_fw-la legationes_fw-la assiduae_fw-la quibus_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la opus_fw-la docet_fw-la mos_fw-la antiquus_fw-la cui_fw-la illae_fw-la ignotae_fw-la to_o give_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o and_o that_o too_o out_o of_o grotius_n who_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o prove_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n concern_v this_o most_o comprehensive_a question_n quantum_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la liceat_fw-la but_o have_v whole_o recourse_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n lib._n 3._o chap._n 1._o quantum_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la liceat_fw-la regulae_fw-la generales_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o §_o 5._o quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la qui_fw-la host_n non_fw-la sunt_fw-la aut_fw-la dici_fw-la nolunt_fw-la sed_fw-la hostibus_fw-la res_fw-la aliquas_fw-la subministrant_fw-la nam_fw-la &_o olim_fw-la &_o nuper_fw-la acritèr_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la re_fw-la certatum_fw-la scimus_fw-la alii_fw-la belli_fw-la rigorem_fw-la alii_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la libertatem_fw-la defenderint_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o add_v hanc_fw-la autem_fw-la quaestionem_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o naturae_fw-la ideo_fw-la retulimus_fw-la quia_fw-la ex_fw-la historiis_fw-la nihil_fw-la comperire_fw-la potuimus_fw-la eâ_fw-la de_fw-la re_fw-la jure_fw-la voluntario_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la constitutum_fw-la if_o in_o these_o material_a point_n which_o constitute_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nothing_o that_o be_v mere_o positive_a can_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o tacit_n consent_v of_o nation_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a that_o any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n can_v be_v prove_v in_o point_n of_o less_o importance_n from_o each_o of_o which_o point_n example_n have_v it_o be_v necessary_a may_v as_o easy_o have_v be_v produce_v nothing_o can_v more_o diminish_v from_o the_o sacredness_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n than_o to_o allow_v it_o no_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o sovereign_n who_o like_o other_o man_n be_v govern_v by_o passion_n interest_n ambition_n revenge_n and_o the_o like_a and_o who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o mind_v the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o they_o very_o often_o sacrifice_v the_o happiness_n and_o prosperity_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n to_o these_o passion_n how_o many_o thing_n be_v now_o look_v on_o as_o lawful_a in_o war_n and_o daily_o practise_v which_o be_v against_o all_o humanity_n as_o well_o as_o christianity_n which_o in_o former_a age_n be_v by_o several_a nation_n esteem_v a_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v no_o subject_a about_o which_o there_o be_v more_o mistake_v or_o which_o be_v more_o confuse_o handle_v by_o author_n than_o this_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o refer_v many_o thing_n to_o that_o law_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o it_o even_o grotius_n himself_o who_o have_v write_v the_o most_o accurate_o on_o this_o subject_a beside_o other_o lesser_a error_n have_v a_o whole_a chapter_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la sepulturae_fw-la as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n the_o bury_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v i_o confess_v a_o office_n of_o humanity_n and_o a_o matter_n of_o decency_n but_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v reckon_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n more_o than_o wear_v of_o clothes_n or_o twenty_o other_o thing_n mankind_n general_o do_v either_o out_o of_o necessity_n or_o conveniency_n or_o for_o other_o reason_n than_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o they_o several_n err_v more_o gross_o mistake_v those_o privilege_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n allow_v to_o foreigner_n in_o common_a with_o their_o citizen_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n only_o because_o the_o roman_n call_v they_o jus_o gentium_fw-la to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o particular_a privilege_n or_o advantage_n the_o citizen_n have_v above_o they_o which_o they_o call_v jus_o civil_a what_o they_o call_v the_o jus_o gentium_fw-la be_v as_o much_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o that_o nation_n as_o the_o jus_o civil_a which_o no_o other_o nation_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v but_o may_v allow_v more_o or_o less_o privilege_n to_o foreigner_n or_o citizen_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a other_o which_o mistake_n be_v most_o common_a call_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o term_v and_o relate_v to_o particular_a person_n with_o respect_n to_o one_o another_o or_o else_o they_o mistake_v the_o law_n of_o different_a country_n when_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o same_o for_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o though_o they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o several_a nation_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o their_o force_n and_o authority_n from_o any_o tacit_n compact_a but_o because_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o each_o society_n have_v make_v they_o law_n which_o any_o one_o of_o they_o may_v alter_v without_o any_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n because_o every_o nation_n be_v a_o complete_a body-politick_a within_o itself_o and_o may_v make_v what_o law_n appoint_v what_o government_n or_o governor_n and_o manage_v their_o own_o affair_n within_o themselves_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n relate_v to_o their_o mutual_a commerce_n and_o correspondence_n which_o can_v be_v maintain_v but_o by_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n and_o all_o other_o contract_v for_o the_o nation_n they_o represent_v who_o act_n be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o bind_v the_o member_n as_o much_o as_o if_o each_o particular_a person_n have_v consent_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o power_n of_o make_v these_o contract_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o each_o society_n be_v allow_v above_o all_o other_o certain_a prerogative_n by_o other_o nation_n over_o who_o they_o have_v no_o authority_n who_o be_v no_o otherwise_o or_o further_o concern_v with_o they_o but_o as_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v contract_n for_o the_o nation_n they_o rule_v as_o it_o be_v for_o their_o own_o interest_n that_o private_a man_n make_v bargain_n with_o one_o another_o so_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o essay_n concern_v obedience_n etc._n etc._n the_o correspondence_n that_o one_o nation_n hold_v with_o another_o be_v for_o their_o own_o good_a and_o in_o their_o commerce_n with_o one_o another_o they_o look_v no_o further_o than_o who_o those_o person_n be_v that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o oblige_v the_o nation_n they_o have_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o be_v not_o material_a to_o they_o what_o right_o they_o have_v to_o this_o power_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o nation_n than_o own_v they_o and_o have_v entrust_v they_o with_o it_o it_o will_v be_v a_o endless_a as_o well_o as_o a_o useless_a task_n for_o ambassador_n before_o their_o admission_n to_o prove_v the_o just_a right_n their_o master_n have_v to_o those_o power_n they_o be_v possess_v of_o and_o other_o prince_n may_v well_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o do_v not_o concern_v they_o who_o if_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v with_o any_o other_o nation_n must_v apply_v themselves_o to_o those_o whatever_o right_o they_o have_v to_o it_o that_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o government_n will_v it_o not_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o the_o english_a or_o any_o nation_n who_o propose_v any_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o by_o it_o to_o refuse_v to_o
treat_v with_o the_o present_a emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n because_o his_o depose_a brother_n may_v have_v a_o better_a title_n do_v not_o the_o most_o considerable_a nation_n of_o europe_n court_v the_o friendship_n of_o cromwell_n and_o the_o french_a king_n to_o obtain_v it_o oblige_v the_o two_o late_a king_n then_o in_o his_o country_n to_o retire_v from_o it_o without_o be_v condemn_v by_o other_o or_o even_o by_o they_o and_o do_v not_o all_o nation_n with_o who_o the_o late_a protector_n have_v any_o concern_v allow_v he_o both_o in_o matter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n all_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o sovereign_a prince_n no_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v correspondence_n but_o may_v refuse_v to_o send_v or_o receive_v ambassador_n as_o all_o protestant_a prince_n deny_v to_o hold_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o pope_n though_o he_o be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n yet_o if_o one_o nation_n have_v any_o concern_v with_o another_o they_o must_v allow_v the_o same_o right_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o actual_a governor_n of_o that_o nation_n as_o they_o expect_v shall_v be_v pay_v to_o their_o own_o and_o if_o a_o nation_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o part_n of_o they_o withdraw_v their_o obedience_n from_o the_o rightful_a prince_n not_o only_o other_o sovereign_n but_o even_o their_o lawful_a one_o if_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v with_o they_o either_o in_o matter_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n must_v treat_v they_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o expect_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o himself_o all_o league_n and_o treaty_n be_v national_a and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o expire_v within_o a_o short_a time_n though_o make_v with_o usurper_n will_v oblige_v legal_a prince_n if_o they_o succeed_v and_o so_o vice_n versa_fw-la and_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o king_n of_o any_o nation_n will_v oblige_v that_o nation_n if_o they_o continue_v free_a though_o the_o government_n shall_v be_v change_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n because_o the_o nation_n be_v still_o the_o same_o though_o under_o different_a government_n which_o grotius_n observe_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o imo_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la status_fw-la civitatis_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la mutetur_fw-la manebit_fw-la foedus_fw-la quia_fw-la manet_fw-la idem_fw-la corpus_fw-la etsi_fw-la mutato_fw-la capite_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la supra_fw-la diximus_fw-la imperium_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la exercetur_fw-la non_fw-la desinet_fw-la imperium_fw-la esse_fw-la populi_n in_o whosoever_o hand_n they_o entrust_v the_o management_n of_o it_o yet_o still_o it_o be_v the_o imperium_fw-la populi_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o people_n the_o league_n which_o prince_n make_v with_o one_o another_o do_v not_o oblige_v they_o to_o one_o another_o long_o than_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o government_n because_o the_o sole_a reason_n of_o league_n and_o contract_n be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o power_n each_o nation_n have_v to_o afford_v mutual_a assistance_n and_o benefit_n to_o one_o another_o which_o reason_n still_o continue_v though_o the_o person_n who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o power_n of_o make_v they_o be_v change_v who_o then_o be_v no_o further_o concern_v therein_o than_o a_o proctor_n be_v with_o a_o cause_n after_o the_o revocation_n of_o his_o proxy_n upon_o this_o reason_n king_n charles_n the_o first_o though_o he_o make_v a_o league_n and_o confirm_v it_o with_o a_o oath_n with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n express_o as_o he_o be_v king_n of_o portugal_n do_v notwithstanding_o immediate_o after_o receive_v two_o ambassador_n from_o the_o new_a king_n of_o portugal_n who_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o spaniard_n and_o this_o be_v not_o look_v on_o at_o the_o court_n of_o spain_n either_o as_o break_v his_o league_n or_o oath_n all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n prince_n be_v allow_v by_o foreign_a nation_n over_o who_o they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o authority_n be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o power_n they_o have_v of_o make_v contract_n for_o the_o nation_n they_o govern_v which_o power_n when_o they_o lose_v and_o no_o nation_n be_v any_o long_o oblige_v or_o concern_v in_o their_o action_n they_o have_v no_o more_o right_o to_o these_o privilege_n than_o they_o have_v before_o they_o have_v this_o power_n but_o because_o the_o same_o intercourse_n will_v always_o be_v necessary_a between_o nation_n and_o league_n and_o contract_n must_v be_v make_v which_o can_v be_v make_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o only_o with_o those_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n nor_o with_o they_o neither_o except_o they_o be_v allow_v those_o right_n and_o privilege_n the_o dispossess_v prince_n have_v therefore_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o grant_v they_o the_o same_o and_o the_o other_o must_v lose_v they_o with_o their_o dominion_n because_o more_o than_o one_o at_o the_o same_o time_n can_v have_v the_o same_o right_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n and_o though_o the_o king_n of_o that_o country_n to_o which_o a_o dispossess_v prince_n retire_v allow_v he_o what_o honour_n or_o privilege_n he_o please_v as_o every_o supreme_a power_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o act_v in_o his_o own_o dominion_n as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o bestow_v his_o favour_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a yet_o the_o titular_a prince_n have_v no_o right_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o claim_v any_o of_o those_o privilege_n that_o belong_v to_o those_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la or_o any_o more_o than_o what_o belong_v to_o other_o private_a person_n what_o right_o can_v he_o claim_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o no_o nation_n be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o his_o action_n all_o nation_n but_o his_o own_o distinguish_v he_o from_o other_o upon_o no_o other_o account_n but_o as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o make_v national_a contract_v which_o power_n when_o he_o lose_v the_o reason_n of_o allow_v he_o any_o particular_a privilege_n above_o other_o whole_o cease_v and_o his_o own_o nation_n when_o they_o have_v entrust_v the_o management_n of_o their_o affair_n in_o other_o hand_n be_v no_o more_o concern_v with_o he_o than_o foreigner_n be_v so_o that_o such_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o reduce_v to_o a_o private_a estate_n without_o a_o kingdom_n nay_o without_o a_o country_n that_o he_o can_v call_v his_o own_o and_o at_o the_o best_a can_v be_v but_o esteem_v a_o subject_a during_o his_o stay_n to_o the_o government_n of_o that_o society_n he_o retire_v to_o because_o there_o can_v be_v imperium_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la or_o more_o than_o one_o sovereign_n in_o the_o same_o society_n where_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n or_o any_o other_o national_a contract_v that_o he_o can_v without_o leave_v send_v to_o prince_n or_o receive_v any_o send_v by_o they_o much_o less_o allow_v they_o that_o be_v send_v those_o privilege_n which_o be_v due_a to_o person_n of_o a_o public_a character_n and_o it_o will_v be_v unreasonable_a that_o sovereign_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o allow_v those_o privilege_n to_o he_o who_o be_v uncapable_a of_o return_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o sovereign_n have_v none_o of_o those_o reason_n to_o forbear_v exercise_v a_o coercive_a power_n over_o he_o as_o they_o have_v over_o a_o ambassador_n who_o as_o grotius_n say_v cap._n the_o leg_n if_o he_o commit_v crimen_fw-la atrocius_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la publicum_fw-la malum_fw-la spectans_fw-la mittendus_fw-la erit_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la qui_fw-la misit_fw-la cum_fw-la postulato_fw-la ut_fw-la eum_fw-la puniat_fw-la aut_fw-la dedaâ—_n but_o to_o who_o can_v a_o dispossess_v king_n be_v send_v or_o who_o will_v give_v satisfaction_n for_o any_o crime_n he_o commit_v why_o may_v he_o not_o be_v punish_v without_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o injury_n to_o any_o nation_n whatever_o since_o no_o nation_n own_v he_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v of_o their_o body_n therefore_o the_o king_n in_o who_o dominion_n he_o be_v may_v if_o his_o crime_n deserve_v it_o punish_v he_o with_o loss_n of_o life_n as_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n do_v mary_n queen_n of_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o nature_n either_o from_o other_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o person_n himself_o why_o he_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o that_o government_n under_o which_o he_o live_v as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o that_o make_v use_v of_o the_o protection_n of_o it_o for_o whosoever_o make_v use_v of_o the_o protection_n of_o any_o government_n own_v himself_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o my_o essay_n abovementioned_a a_o subject_a of_o that_o government_n and_o consequent_o make_v himself_o liable_a to_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o transgress_v the_o law_n and_o grotius_n say_v cap._n the_o leg_n it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o
all_o but_o ambassador_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o prince_n in_o who_o territory_n they_o be_v his_o word_n be_v clear_a placuisse_fw-la gentibus_fw-la ut_fw-la communis_fw-la mos_fw-la qui_fw-la quemvis_fw-la in_o alieno_fw-la territorio_fw-la existantem_fw-la ejus_fw-la loci_fw-la territorio_fw-la subjicit_fw-la exceptionem_fw-la pateretur_fw-la in_o legatis_fw-la ut_fw-la qui_fw-la sicut_fw-la fictione_n quadam_fw-la habentur_fw-la pro_fw-la personis_fw-la mittentium_fw-la senatus_fw-la faciem_fw-la secum_fw-la â—ttulerat_fw-la auctoritatem_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la ait_fw-la de_fw-la legato_fw-la quodam_fw-la m._n tullius_n ita_fw-la etiam_fw-la fictione_n simili_fw-la constituerentur_fw-la quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la territorium_fw-la it_o be_v only_o their_o mutual_a good_a that_o hinder_v prince_n from_o exercise_v this_o right_n over_o ambassador_n because_o each_o prince_n expect_v the_o same_o for_o his_o own_o in_o another_o territory_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o reason_n urge_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o dispossess_v king_n who_o carry_v no_o public_a authority_n with_o he_o or_o in_o what_o other_o country_n shall_v he_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o since_o he_o have_v no_o country_n he_o can_v call_v his_o own_o have_v prove_v in_o general_a that_o a_o prince_n that_o have_v no_o long_o the_o manage_n the_o affair_n of_o a_o nation_n have_v no_o right_a to_o any_o of_o those_o privilege_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la and_o therefore_o such_o a_o prince_n be_v fall_v from_o a_o public_a to_o a_o private_a condition_n and_o under_o the_o power_n and_o government_n of_o another_o can_v have_v no_o more_o right_o than_o any_o other_o private_a person_n to_o grant_v commission_n to_o private_a man_n of_o war_n to_o disturb_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o any_o nation_n and_o that_o they_o that_o act_n by_o his_o commission_n may_v be_v deal_v with_o as_o if_o they_o act_v by_o their_o own_o or_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o private_a person_n because_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o inconvenience_n which_o will_v happen_v upon_o a_o private_a person_n be_v grant_v such_o commission_n but_o the_o same_o will_v happen_v if_o a_o prince_n grant_v they_o after_o he_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o private_a condition_n they_o be_v both_o then_o in_o the_o very_a same_o condition_n what_o other_o way_n have_v nation_n to_o secure_v their_o trade_n or_o hinder_v their_o ship_n or_o good_n from_o be_v take_v but_o by_o treat_v they_o as_o pirate_n who_o rob_v by_o such_o a_o commission_n there_o be_v no_o way_n of_o make_v a_o titular_a king_n weary_a of_o grant_v such_o commission_n as_o long_o as_o he_o can_v find_v people_n willing_a to_o accept_v and_o act_v by_o they_o nothing_o can_v oblige_v he_o who_o run_v no_o risk_a of_o lose_v any_o thing_n but_o may_v get_v a_o considerable_a booty_n by_o what_o his_o privateer_n take_v as_o well_o as_o disturb_v and_o molest_v his_o enemy_n to_o forbear_v grant_v such_o commission_n no_o reprisal_n to_o be_v make_v because_o he_o have_v no_o ship_n to_o lose_v but_o those_o of_o the_o privateer_n who_o interest_n it_o be_v that_o such_o robbery_n shall_v be_v continue_v he_o have_v no_o trade_n or_o commerce_n to_o be_v ruin_v there_o be_v no_o way_n of_o make_v he_o desist_v by_o invade_v his_o territory_n since_o he_o have_v none_o to_o be_v invade_v in_o short_a he_o have_v nothing_o to_o lose_v by_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o by_o consequence_n no_o way_n of_o make_v he_o weary_a of_o eternal_o grant_v such_o commission_n therefore_o nation_n have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o hinder_v the_o disturb_v their_o commerce_n but_o by_o use_v the_o utmost_a rigour_n against_o such_o as_o accept_v his_o commission_n that_o by_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o example_n they_o may_v fright_v other_o from_o attempt_v the_o like_a what_o if_o such_o a_o prince_n shall_v grant_v commission_n to_o seize_v the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o all_o or_o most_o trade_n nation_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v suppose_v since_o he_o may_v get_v a_o considerable_a livelihood_n by_o share_v the_o spoil_n with_o his_o privateer_n who_o if_o they_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v as_o enemy_n out_o of_o hope_n of_o booty_n will_v in_o mighty_a number_n infest_v the_o sea_n will_v it_o not_o be_v madness_n in_o those_o nation_n not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o utmost_a rigour_n to_o secure_v their_o ship_n and_o trade_n and_o if_o several_a nation_n may_v use_v this_o method_n why_o may_v not_o any_o single_a one_o since_o any_o one_o nation_n have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o secure_v their_o trade_n as_o any_o number_n whatever_o but_o suppose_v he_o shall_v grant_v commission_n to_o take_v the_o ship_n but_o of_o a_o single_a nation_n yet_o in_o effect_n it_o will_v be_v to_o grant_v a_o general_a licence_n to_o rob_v because_o those_o who_o be_v so_o commission_v will_v be_v their_o own_o judge_n of_o whatever_o they_o take_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a prize_n or_o not_o because_o in_o another_o prince_n territory_n whither_o the_o pretend_a prize_n must_v be_v bring_v the_o oust_v prince_n can_v not_o pretend_v to_o so_o great_a a_o power_n as_o to_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n to_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o maritime_a law_n concern_v the_o ship_n and_o good_n that_o be_v take_v how_o can_v he_o who_o very_a be_v in_o a_o country_n be_v precarious_a and_o may_v be_v banish_v every_o moment_n claim_v a_o right_n to_o a_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n or_o to_o force_v witness_n to_o give_v attendance_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o court_n or_o how_o can_v he_o be_v able_a to_o restore_v ship_n though_o never_o so_o unjust_o take_v that_o be_v in_o the_o port_n and_o custody_n of_o another_o king_n it_o be_v true_a sovereign_n have_v sometime_o forbear_v to_o punish_v a_o titular_a king_n for_o private_o destroy_v a_o domestic_a but_o this_o be_v no_o right_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o only_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o that_o king_n in_o who_o dominion_n he_o be_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o many_o nation_n to_o allow_v master_n a_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o servant_n insomuch_o that_o caius_n inst._n lege_fw-la de_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la svi_fw-la juris_fw-la vel_fw-la alieni_fw-la say_v dominorum_fw-la potestas_fw-la juris_fw-la gentium_fw-la est_fw-la nam_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la peraeque_fw-la gentes_fw-la animadvertere_fw-la possumus_fw-la dominis_n in_fw-la seruos_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la necisque_fw-la potestatem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la and_o by_o the_o roman_a and_o carthaginian_a law_n even_o parent_n have_v the_o same_o power_n over_o their_o child_n and_o in_o several_a country_n at_o present_a a_o private_a person_n in_o many_o case_n particular_o that_o of_o adultery_n may_v kill_v the_o adulterer_n and_o his_o wife_n too_o if_o he_o take_v they_o in_o the_o fact_n without_o be_v punish_v for_o so_o do_v the_o ambassador_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n as_o grotius_n observe_v l._n 2._o cap._n 3._o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n no_o right_a to_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n in_o their_o own_o family_n ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la legatus_fw-la a_o jurisdictionem_fw-la habeat_fw-la in_o familiam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o a_o jus_o asyli_fw-la in_o domo_fw-la sua_fw-la pro_fw-la quibusvis_fw-la eo_fw-la fugientibus_fw-la ex_fw-la concessione_n pendet_fw-la ejus_fw-la apud_fw-la quem_fw-la agit_fw-fr istud_fw-la juris_fw-la gentium_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la if_o the_o ambassador_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o as_o he_o say_v fictione_n quadam_fw-la habentur_fw-la pro_fw-la personis_fw-la mittentium_fw-la can_v pretend_v to_o this_o power_n there_o be_v infinite_o less_o reason_n for_o a_o dispossess_v king_n to_o claim_v a_o power_n that_o be_v so_o much_o great_a viz._n that_o of_o erect_v public_a court_n of_o judicature_n therefore_o his_o grant_v commission_n to_o privateer_n be_v but_o grant_v they_o authority_n to_o rob_v who_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o who_o be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n can_v be_v suppose_v but_o will_v judge_v all_o that_o come_v to_o their_o net_n to_o be_v fish_n and_o nation_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o commission_n which_o can_v have_v no_o manner_n of_o effect_n since_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v no_o way_n able_a to_o hinder_v they_o that_o take_v it_o from_o act_v as_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o nor_o be_v he_o able_a to_o punish_v they_o if_o they_o never_o so_o much_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v he_o restore_v ship_n though_o never_o so_o unjust_o take_v nor_o be_v he_o able_a to_o give_v any_o satisfaction_n for_o any_o injustice_n his_o privateer_n shall_v commit_v so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o be_v against_o the_o good_a of_o mankind_n and_o consequent_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o allow_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o private_a condition_n a_o right_a
to_o grant_v such_o commission_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o government_n under_o which_o this_o king_n be_v may_v give_v he_o sufficient_a power_n to_o judge_v in_o these_o matter_n this_o argument_n will_v as_o well_o hold_v for_o any_o private_a person_n whatever_o because_o the_o government_n may_v allow_v he_o the_o same_o power_n as_o it_o can_v any_o exile_a prince_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v build_v upon_o certainty_n and_o if_o a_o person_n have_v no_o right_a to_o a_o power_n to_o which_o certain_a privilege_n be_v annex_v he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o the_o privilege_n though_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o king_n may_v allow_v he_o such_o privilege_n which_o he_o can_v enjoy_v but_o during_o his_o pleasure_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o so_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o instance_n where_o a_o dispossess_v prince_n be_v allow_v to_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o another_o king_n dominion_n it_o be_v erect_v imperium_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la and_o none_o but_o he_o that_o have_v supreme_a power_n can_v be_v a_o supreme_a judge_n and_o all_o inferior_a one_o act_n as_o his_o minister_n and_o must_v be_v subject_a and_o accountable_a to_o he_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v the_o king_n himself_o into_o who_o dominion_n the_o prize_n be_v bring_v may_v judge_v concern_v they_o but_o what_o if_o he_o will_v not_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v nor_o can_v he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o judge_v or_o punish_v those_o that_o act_v not_o by_o he_o but_o another_o king_n commission_n for_o what_o they_o do_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la for_o he_o can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v they_o except_o they_o be_v his_o subject_n even_o whilst_o they_o act_v by_o another_o commission_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o make_v they_o his_o subject_n will_v make_v the_o exile_a king_n so_o too_o and_o consequent_o a_o private_a person_n without_o power_n to_o grant_v commission_n to_o his_o fellow-subject_n all_o author_n both_o modern_a and_o ancient_a who_o have_v write_v on_o this_o subject_a have_v esteem_v none_o enemy_n but_o those_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la and_o all_o other_o either_o robber_n or_o pirate_n and_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la l._n 1._o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la cap._n 1._o and_o grotius_n l._n 3._o cap._n 3._o do_v define_v a_o enemy_n to_o be_v one_o qui_fw-la habet_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la curiam_fw-la aerarium_fw-la consensum_fw-la &_o concordiam_fw-la civium_fw-la &_o rationem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la si_fw-la res_fw-la ita_fw-la tulerit_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o foederis_fw-la which_o in_o other_o word_n be_v but_o summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la because_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o any_o society_n must_v have_v all_o these_o and_o this_o they_o prove_v be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o enemy_n even_o in_o cicero_n time_n who_o quote_v it_o philip._n 4._o as_o a_o know_a definition_n or_o description_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o which_o nation_n so_o unanimous_o agree_v as_o in_o esteem_v none_o but_o he_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la a_o enemy_n and_o all_o other_o robber_n or_o pirate_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o instance_n give_v where_o any_o though_o at_o first_o they_o be_v robber_n pirate_n rebel_n etc._n etc._n yet_o when_o they_o have_v dominion_n and_o possess_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la be_v not_o treat_v as_o enemy_n st._n austin_n de_fw-fr civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 4._o speak_v of_o robber_n hoc_fw-la malum_fw-la si_fw-la in_o tantum_fw-la perditorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la accessibus_fw-la crescit_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o loca_fw-la teneat_fw-la sedes_fw-la constituat_fw-la civitates_fw-la occupet_fw-la populos_fw-la subjuget_fw-la regni_fw-la nomen_fw-la assumet_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a empire_n be_v not_o much_o better_a whatever_o any_o be_v at_o first_o yet_o when_o they_o have_v form_v themselves_o into_o civil_a society_n where_o foreigner_n as_o well_o as_o subject_n may_v have_v justice_n administer_v than_o they_o be_v look_v on_o as_o nation_n and_o civil_a society_n and_o in_o their_o war_n with_o other_o nation_n use_v as_o enemy_n but_o until_o any_o number_n of_o man_n be_v a_o civil_a society_n and_o do_v associate_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o law_n justice_n government_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v esteem_v as_o pirate_n and_o robber_n so_o all_o author_n do_v agree_v that_o those_o qui_fw-la civitatem_fw-la non_fw-la faciunt_fw-la sunt_fw-la piratae_fw-la vel_fw-la latrones_fw-la and_o be_v suppose_v to_o associate_v scéleris_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o the_o sake_n of_o piracy_n or_o robbery_n or_o some_o other_o wicked_a end_n but_o if_o as_o grotius_n observe_v l._n 3._o c._n 3._o a_o change_n happen_v and_o they_o form_v themselves_o into_o a_o civil_a society_n than_o they_o have_v all_o the_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o other_o civil_a society_n his_o word_n be_v these_o potest_fw-la tamen_fw-la mutatio_fw-la incidere_fw-la non_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la tantum_fw-la sicut_fw-la jephte_n arsaces_n viriatus_n ex_fw-la praedonum_fw-la ducibus_fw-la justi_fw-la deuce_n facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o caetibus_fw-la ut_fw-la qui_fw-la praedones_fw-la tantum_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aliud_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la genus_fw-la amplexi_fw-la civitas_fw-la fiant_fw-la so_o of_o late_a year_n algiers_n tripoli_n tunis_n though_o at_o first_o but_o nest_n of_o pirate_n and_o associate_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o spoil_n and_o plunder_n yet_o as_o soon_o as_o each_o of_o they_o have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o republic_n they_o be_v esteem_v as_o just_a enemy_n and_o have_v all_o those_o privilege_n allow_v they_o that_o be_v due_a to_o sovereign_a state_n albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 4._o seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o after_o he_o have_v reckon_v some_o few_o who_o he_o be_v force_v to_o allow_v that_o they_o from_o robber_n become_v enemy_n say_v it_o be_v only_o the_o cause_n that_o make_v they_o so_o quodque_fw-la fiet_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la justi_fw-la exercitus_fw-la auctu_fw-la &_o urbium_fw-la interceptu_fw-la ut_fw-la scriptores_fw-la isti_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la historici_fw-la credere_fw-la videntur_fw-la quam_fw-la adeptione_n publicae_fw-la causae_fw-la however_o he_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n himself_o yet_o he_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o all_o the_o ancient_a historian_n and_o other_o writer_n be_v of_o a_o different_a opinion_n if_o he_o mean_v by_o a_o public_a cause_n a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n and_o none_o but_o those_o that_o have_v such_o a_o cause_n shall_v be_v treat_v as_o enemy_n all_o mankind_n will_v treat_v one_o another_o as_o robber_n and_o pirate_n because_o each_o party_n pretend_v their_o enemy_n have_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n and_o there_o be_v no_o superior_a to_o judge_v each_o side_n must_v judge_v for_o themselves_o and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a judge_n in_o which_o both_o side_n will_v acquiesce_v the_o pretence_n of_o right_n can_v be_v urge_v to_o no_o purpose_n since_o each_o side_n pretend_v to_o be_v in_o the_o right_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o those_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la whatever_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v to_o use_v one_o another_o as_o enemy_n and_o those_o that_o have_v act_v otherwise_o have_v be_v esteem_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o infringer_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a some_o especial_o the_o great_a conqueror_n as_o alexander_n and_o the_o saracen_n as_o he_o observe_v have_v be_v call_v robber_n and_o real_o be_v so_o for_o whoever_o without_o a_o just_a cause_n invade_v his_o neighbour_n right_n as_o they_o do_v be_v a_o robber_n yet_o they_o be_v always_o treat_v as_o just_a enemy_n as_o be_v the_o saracen_n by_o the_o christian_n nay_o grotius_n give_v instance_n of_o several_a nation_n who_o without_o any_o distinction_n exercise_v piracy_n yet_o be_v allow_v the_o right_n of_o enemy_n because_o they_o be_v a_o people_n tantum_n discrimen_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la populum_fw-la quantumvis_fw-la sceleratum_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la cum_fw-la populus_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sceleris_fw-la causa_fw-la coeunt_fw-la if_o gentilis_fw-la by_o a_o public_a cause_n mean_v some_o national_a cause_n and_o that_o the_o war_n to_o make_v it_o just_a must_v not_o be_v for_o private_a cause_n or_o by-ends_a but_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o people_n all_o that_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la what_o way_n soever_o they_o get_v it_o as_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o protect_v those_o that_o be_v under_o they_o and_o make_v war_n with_o those_o that_o endeavour_n to_o oppress_v they_o will_v have_v the_o same_o public_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n as_o any_o king_n whatever_n as_o arsaces_n who_o he_o mention_n to_o have_v a_o public_a cause_n have_v none_o to_o withdraw_v his_o obedience_n from_o the_o macedonian_n who_o
have_v be_v so_o long_a time_n lawful_a king_n of_o persia_n yet_o after_o he_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o persia_n may_v have_v a_o public_a cause_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o nation_n of_o make_v war._n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o usurper_n as_o robber_n and_o pirate_n become_v just_a enemy_n when_o they_o form_v themselves_o into_o a_o civil_a society_n so_o a_o king_n that_o lose_v his_o empire_n and_o can_v no_o long_o protect_v people_n or_o administer_v justice_n dwindle_n into_o a_o robber_n or_o pirate_n if_o he_o grant_v commission_n to_o take_v the_o good_n or_o ship_n of_o any_o nation_n and_o they_o that_o accept_v commission_n from_o he_o be_v presume_v to_o associate_v sceleris_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o can_v be_v reckon_v as_o member_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n since_o he_o by_o who_o commission_n they_o act_n nor_o any_o other_o of_o their_o number_n can_v administer_v justice_n or_o do_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o civil_a society_n there_o be_v none_o among_o they_o let_v they_o break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o any_o other_o law_n to_o punish_v they_o or_o let_v they_o be_v never_o so_o injurious_a to_o other_o nation_n there_o be_v none_o to_o make_v satisfaction_n or_o do_v justice_n on_o the_o offender_n and_o be_v there_o not_o all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n that_o nation_n shall_v do_v themselves_o justice_n in_o punish_v the_o criminal_n according_a to_o their_o demerit_n whoever_o pretend_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o be_v esteem_v a_o enemy_n must_v have_v a_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n host_n sunt_fw-la ait_fw-la sempronius_n qui_fw-la nobis_fw-la aut_fw-la quibus_fw-la nos_fw-la bellum_fw-la decernimus_fw-la so_o vlpianus_n host_n sunt_fw-la quibus_fw-la bellum_fw-la publicae_fw-la populus_fw-la romanus_n decrevit_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsi_fw-la populo_fw-la romano_n caeteri_fw-la latrunculi_fw-la vel_fw-la praedones_fw-la appellantur_fw-la and_o grotius_n say_v upon_o quote_v these_o authority_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 3._o sub_fw-la exemplo_fw-la populi_n romani_fw-la quemvis_fw-la intelligi_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la habeat_fw-la there_o be_v no_o government_n declare_v war_n against_o a_o private_a person_n though_o he_o retain_v the_o title_n of_o a_o public_a one_o and_o it_o will_v be_v ridiculous_a for_o a_o private_a person_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a habitation_n but_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o vagabond_n to_o pretend_v to_o declare_v war_n since_o he_o can_v do_v it_o for_o any_o nation_n but_o only_o for_o himself_o the_o english_a have_v neither_o peace_n nor_o war_n with_o the_o late_a king_n and_o look_v on_o he_o as_o a_o private_a person_n incapable_a of_o make_v either_o and_o to_o allow_v he_o now_o any_o of_o those_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o public_a person_n will_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n act_v inconsistent_a with_o themselves_o and_o contradict_v their_o former_a declaration_n as_o he_o that_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o private_a condition_n have_v no_o right_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v treat_v as_o a_o enemy_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a whosoever_o have_v summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la because_o the_o general_a good_a of_o nation_n require_v it_o and_o consequent_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v treat_v as_o a_o enemy_n nay_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n flagrante_fw-la bello_fw-la to_o treat_v even_o rebel_n so_o because_o as_o they_o use_v they_o so_o they_o must_v expect_v to_o be_v use_v themselves_o the_o pretence_n of_o right_n as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v where_o there_o be_v no_o superior_a to_o judge_n between_o the_o contend_a party_n in_o who_o determination_n both_o side_n will_v acquiesce_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n if_o one_o side_n call_v the_o other_o taking_n up_o arm_n rebellion_n they_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n term_v it_o a_o just_a war_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n and_o will_v be_v sure_a upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o return_v like_a for_o like_v so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v the_o mutual_a good_a of_o both_o party_n to_o treat_v one_o another_o as_o enemy_n so_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o england_n and_o of_o france_n and_o of_o the_o roman_n they_o treat_v one_o another_o as_o enemy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v not_o as_o in_o foreign_a war_n any_o use_n of_o the_o postliminium_fw-la nor_o do_v they_o triumph_v after_o victory_n but_o these_o be_v custom_n proper_a to_o that_o state_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o haughty_a spaniard_n at_o first_o use_v the_o hollander_n as_o rebel_n but_o he_o quick_o be_v weary_a of_o that_o sport_n and_o consent_v to_o a_o chartel_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o present_a government_n during_o the_o war_n treat_v their_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o ireland_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v a_o army_n in_o the_o field_n and_o be_v master_n of_o fortify_v town_n they_o be_v esteem_v and_o use_v as_o enemy_n but_o what_o pretence_n can_v any_o of_o that_o party_n have_v of_o be_v treat_v so_o now_o will_v it_o not_o be_v very_o absurd_a in_o the_o tory_n though_o they_o plunder_v passenger_n and_o rob_v market-people_n by_o the_o late_a king_n commission_n to_o expect_v to_o be_v use_v as_o enemy_n be_v there_o any_o more_o reason_n they_o shall_v be_v more_o favourable_o deal_v with_o for_o rob_v at_o sea_n by_o his_o commission_n consider_v they_o have_v no_o fleet_n no_o port_n nor_o harbour_n but_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v in_o behalf_n of_o those_o that_o have_v the_o late_a king_n commission_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v use_v as_o enemy_n because_o if_o they_o be_v use_v otherwise_o all_o that_o they_o take_v 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