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circumstance_n of_o sea-dominion_n whereas_o there_o be_v two_o proposition_n here_o so_o far_o as_o the_o term_n may_v be_v bear_v in_o thing_n of_o a_o civil_a nature_n make_v evident_a the_o one_o that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o allman_n but_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n the_o other_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o as_o a_o inseparable_a and_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o any_o other_o kind_a either_o of_o cause_n or_o effect_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v here_o admit_v than_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o island_n continent_n port_n or_o any_o other_o territory_n whatsoëver_o or_o province_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o prince_n nor_o that_o a_o less_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o of_o the_o land_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n receive_v among_o nation_n about_o the_o acquire_n of_o dominion_n and_o of_o justice_n itself_o as_o from_o the_o cause_n nor_o that_o the_o effect_n thereof_o be_v any_o other_o than_o what_o be_v various_o subservient_fw-fr to_o compact_n agreement_n league_n and_o treaty_n constitution_n or_o prescription_n of_o servitude_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o dominion_n by_o land_n and_o therefore_o 2._o he_o say_v well_o of_o old_a nunc_fw-la jam_fw-la cessit_fw-la pontus_n &_o omnes_fw-la patitur_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o seal_n now_o make_v appropriate_a and_o yield_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o state_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o which_o be_v admit_v in_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o territory_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o thing_n person_n
patria_fw-la â—ospitio_fw-la prohibemur_fw-la arenae_n what_o barbarous_a land_n this_o custom_n own_v his_o what_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o we_o be_v forbid_v their_o port._n now_o if_o such_o a_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v that_o man_n may_v be_v forbid_v the_o liberty_n of_o navigation_n and_o port_n at_o the_o will_n of_o any_o proprietor_n then_o say_v they_o it_o will_v be_v a_o infringement_n of_o that_o law_n of_o commerce_n and_o travel_n by_o they_o style_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o they_o will_v not_o have_v to_o be_v endure_v touch_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o objection_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o it_o be_v common_o allege_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v alter_v and_o shift_v every_o moment_n and_o the_o state_n of_o it_o through_o a_o continue_a succession_n of_o new_a water_n always_o so_o uncertain_a and_o remain_n so_o little_a the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n the_o channel_n only_o except_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v ever_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a moreover_o they_o say_v the_o nature_n of_o possession_n consist'_v chief_o in_o a_o separation_n or_o distinction_n of_o limit_n and_o bound_n but_o no_o such_o material_n or_o instrument_n can_v possible_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n as_o that_o the_o law_n for_o regulation_n of_o bound_n which_o have_v a_o principal_a place_n in_o all_o controversy_n about_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n may_v be_v ground_v thereupon_o they_o produce_v also_o a_o say_n out_o of_o 10._o s_o t_o ambrose_n speak_v about_o the_o lurking-hole_n or_o hold_v of_o fish_n geometram_fw-la audivimus_fw-la thalassometram_fw-la nunquam_fw-la audivimus_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la pisces_fw-la mensâ—ras_fw-la svas_fw-la nôrunt_fw-la i_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o geometrician_n or_o one_o that_o can_v measure_v land_n but_o never_o of_o a_o thalassometrician_n one_o that_o can_v measure_v or_o lay_v out_o bound_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o fish_n know_v their_o own_o bound_n they_o be_v please_v likewise_o to_o insinuate_v what_o a_o world_n of_o sea_n room_n there_o be_v that_o all_o nation_n may_v have_v sufficient_a for_o water_v fish_v and_o navigation_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o peculiar_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v appropriate_v unto_o any_o a_o three_o sort_n of_o argument_n lie_v in_o those_o testimony_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o ancient_a writer_n partly_o out_o of_o old_a poet_n divine_n and_o other_o write_v of_o other_o subject_n partly_o from_o such_o lawyer_n as_o handle_v the_o matter_n purposely_o of_o the_o first_o kind_n be_v that_o of_o gripus_n the_o fisherman_n and_o trachalio_n the_o slave_n as_o they_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o stage_n by_o plautus_n quarrel_v about_o a_o bag_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n 4._o gr._n mare_fw-la quidem_fw-la common_a certò_fw-la est_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tr._n assentio_fw-la quî_fw-la minùs_fw-la hunc_fw-la communem_fw-la quaeso_fw-la mihi_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la vidulum_fw-la in_o mari_n inventum_fw-la est_fw-la commune_fw-la est_fw-la gr._n the_o sea_n be_v common_a certain_o to_o all_o tr._n true_a why_o not_o this_o bag_n to_o i_o then_o too_o thou_o brawâ—_n it_o be_v find_v within_o the_o sea_n therefore_o common_a it_o must_v be_v they_o produce_v likewise_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o supplicatorie_a speech_n of_o latona_n to_o a_o rustic_a rout_n in_o lycia_n as_o it_o in_o ovid_n 〈…〉_o quid_fw-la prohibetis_fw-la aquas_fw-la usus_fw-la communis_fw-la aquarum_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la solemn_a proprium_fw-la natura_fw-la nec_fw-la aëra_fw-la fecit_fw-la nec_fw-la tenues_fw-la undas_fw-la in_o publica_fw-la munera_fw-la veni_fw-la why_o hinder_v you_o say_v she_o the_o use_n of_o water_n that_o to_o all_o be_v free_a the_o sun_n aër_fw-la water_n nature_n do_v not_o frame_v peculiar_a a_o public_a gift_n i_o claim_v and_o that_o of_o virgil_n too_o 〈…〉_o littúsque_fw-la rogamus_fw-la innocuum_fw-la &_o cunctis_fw-la undâ—mque_fw-la aurâ—mque_fw-la patentem_fw-la nothing_o but_o what_o be_v common_a we_o implore_v free_a aèr_n and_o water_n and_o a_o harmless_a shore_n phaenicides_n say_v also_o in_o athenaeus_n 〈…〉_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o memorable_a say_n of_o certain_a jewish_a rabbin_n who_o when_o they_o acknowledge_v alexander_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n do_v it_o nevertheless_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o they_o conceive_v he_o have_v by_o his_o conquest_n gain_v a_o sovereignty_n only_o over_o the_o earth_n or_o dry_a land_n but_o none_o at_o all_o over_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v subject_n only_o to_o god_n himself_o as_o its_o sole_a commander_n the_o word_n be_v these_o out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n 3._o non_fw-la dominabatur_fw-la in_o mari_n sed_fw-la deus_fw-la o._n m._n dominatur_fw-la tà m_fw-la in_o mari_n quà m_fw-la in_o tellure_n he_o rule_v not_o over_o the_o sea_n but_o god_n almighty_a be_v he_o only_o that_o rule_n be_v by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o argument_n here_o find_v among_o the_o lawyer_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la omnium_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la illa_fw-la aër_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o per_fw-la hoc_fw-la littora_fw-la maris_fw-la item_n nemo_fw-la ad_fw-la littus_fw-la maris_fw-la accedere_fw-la probibetur_fw-la piscandi_fw-la caussâ_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o aedificiis_fw-la &_o monimentis_fw-la abstineatur_fw-la quia_fw-la non_fw-la juris_fw-la gentium_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o mare_fw-la idque_fw-la divus_o pius_fw-la piscatoribus_fw-la formianis_fw-la &_o capenatis_fw-la rescripsit_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o aër_fw-la rivers_n the_o sea_n and_o its_o shore_n be_v common_a to_o all_o also_o none_o be_v prohibit_v to_o use_v fish_v upon_o the_o shore_n as_o long_o as_o they_o meddle_v not_o with_o lowns_z building_n and_o monument_n in_o regard_n these_o be_v not_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o sea_n and_o this_o be_v prescribe_v by_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n pius_n to_o the_o fisher_n man_n of_o formiae_n and_o capena_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n use_v by_o divisione_n marcianus_n the_o lawyer_n and_o by_o quidem_fw-la justiâ—â—ion_n in_o his_o institution_n and_o ulpian_n praediorum_fw-la mari_n quod_fw-la naturâ_fw-la omnibus_fw-la patet_fw-la servitus_fw-la imponi_fw-la privatâ_fw-la lege_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n free_a for_o all_o can_v be_v vassalise_v by_o any_o particular_a law_n and_o in_o another_o place_n say_v he_o infecto_fw-la mare_n common_a omnium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o litora_fw-la sicut_fw-la aër_fw-la et_fw-la est_fw-la saepissime_fw-la rescriptum_fw-la non_fw-la posse_fw-la quem_fw-la piscari_fw-la prohiberi_fw-la the_o sea_n and_o shores_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o we_o find_v it_o very_o often_o prescribe_v or_o command_v by_o the_o emperor_n that_o none_o be_v prohibit_v from_o fish_v with_o which_o agree'_v also_o that_o say_n of_o 1._o celsus_n maris_fw-la esse_fw-la usum_fw-la communem_fw-la omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la ut_fw-la aëris_fw-la a_o freedom_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o aër_fw-la be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o roman_a emperor_n himself_o be_v lord_n only_o of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o of_o the_o sea_n for_o proof_n whereof_o they_o mention_v a_o answer_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n rhodiam_fw-la se_fw-la quidem_fw-la mundi_fw-la dominum_fw-la esse_fw-la legem_fw-la autem_fw-la maris_fw-la that_o himself_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n pretend_v this_o answer_n of_o he_o to_o be_v common_o understand_v as_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o arrogate_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n unto_o himself_o and_o in_o the_o 13._o basilica_n or_o law_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n we_o find_v it_o thus_o write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o shore_n be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o all_o man_n so_o also_o say_v michaël_n attaliates_n a_o man_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o that_o empire_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o thing_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o aër_fw-la fountain_n the_o sea_n shores_n and_o river_n and_o the_o sum_n be_v that_o some_o ancient_a lawyer_n of_o both_o empire_n write_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_o prove_v either_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o from_o either_o of_o those_o law_n than_o it_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o sea_n may_v become_v the_o peculiar_a possession_n of_o any_o one_o unless_o a_o change_n be_v make_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v common_o say_v to_o be_v altogether_o unchangeable_a or_o that_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n that_o have_v interest_n herein_o be_v obtain_v to_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n and_o
therefore_o from_o thence_o they_o seem_v to_o hold_v that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v attein_v by_o any_o ancient_a usage_n custom_n or_o prescription_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o pretence_n or_o title_n whatsoëver_o for_o faith_n they_o no_o plea_n or_o bar_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v against_o nature_n nor_o as_o usurpationibus_fw-la papinian_n say_v be_v a_o prescription_n of_o long_a possession_n wont_a to_o be_v admit_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o such_o place_n as_o be_v public_a and_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o these_o ancient_a lawyer_n here_o mention_v be_v follow_v by_o no_o small_a train_n of_o interpreter_n though_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o even_o of_o they_o who_o restrain_v and_o qualify_v that_o ancient_a opinion_n more_o way_n than_o one_o touch_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o common_a intercour_n and_o freedom_n at_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n those_o that_o have_v appear_v most_o forward_o in_o oppose_v a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v only_o two_o both_o indeed_o very_o eminent_a man_n but_o of_o unequal_a learning_n and_o elegancy_n of_o wit_n by_o name_n fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la the_o spaniard_n and_o hugo_n grotius_n the_o hollander_n the_o former_a a_o honourable_a counsellor_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o 3._o of_o spain_n in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o exchequer_n the_o late_a be_v heretofore_o advocate_n fiscal_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-friesland_n and_o most_o deserve_o adorn_v with_o divers_a other_o honour_n in_o his_o own_o country_n a_o man_n of_o a_o acute_a judgement_n and_o for_o his_o excellency_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o learning_n incomparable_a but_o vasquius_fw-la in_o his_o discourse_n both_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o also_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o dominion_n prescription_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n etc._n from_o hence_o say_v he_o it_o appear_v how_o little_a esteem_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o genoëse_n or_o venetian_n may_v without_o injury_n forbid_v other_o to_o sail_v through_o the_o gulf_n in_o their_o respective_a sea_n as_o if_o they_o can_v have_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o sea_n by_o prescription_n which_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n above_o mention_v but_o also_o against_o the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o this_o law_n be_v evident_a because_o by_o the_o same_o law_n not_o only_o the_o sea_n but_o all_o other_o immovable_a thing_n whatsoëver_o be_v common_a and_o although_o in_o aftertime_n that_o law_n come_v to_o be_v abolish_v in_o part_n so_o far_a as_o concern_v the_o dominion_n and_o propriety_n of_o land_n which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v afterward_o distinguish_v divide_v and_o so_o separate_v from_o that_o common_a use_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o be_v still_o as_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o though_o i_o hear_v many_o of_o the_o portugal_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o king_n have_v have_v such_o a_o ancient_a title_n by_o prescription_n in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o west-indies_n so_o that_o other_o nation_n have_v no_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o those_o sea_n and_o also_o that_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n that_o no_o people_n whatsoëver_o but_o spaniard_n have_v any_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o that_o immense_a and_o most_o spacious_a sea_n to_o those_o indian_a country_n that_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o spain_n as_o if_o they_o only_o have_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n thereto_o yet_o all_o these_o man_n opinion_n be_v no_o less_o vain_a and_o foolish_a then_o they_o who_o use_v to_o dream_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o the_o genoeses_n and_o venetian_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o opinion_n appear_v the_o more_o clear_o even_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o neither_o of_o those_o nation_n single_o consider_v can_v prescribe_v aught_o against_o themselves_o that_o be_v to_o say_v neither_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o genoa_n against_o itself_o nor_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o portugal_n against_o itself_o for_o there_o ought_v ever_o to_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n much_o less_o can_v they_o prescribe_v aught_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o nation_n because_o the_o law_n of_o prescription_n be_v pure_o civil_a therefore_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o decide_v controversy_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o prince_n or_o people_n that_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a for_o the_o peculiar_a civil_a law_n of_o every_o country_n be_v of_o no_o more_o value_n as_o to_o foreign_a country_n and_o nation_n or_o their_o people_n then_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v not_o in_o be_v or_o never_o have_v be_v â—nd_v therefore_o in_o controversy_n of_o that_o nature_n recours_fw-fr must_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n original_a or_o secondary_a which_o law_n certain_o do_v never_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o prescription_n or_o usurpation_n of_o title_n over_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n he_o have_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v a_o very_a confident_a opposer_n of_o any_o peculiar_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o year_n md_o cix_o it_o be_v the_o year_n after_o that_o large_a treaty_n hold_v at_o the_o hage_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o hollander_n about_o freedom_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n to_o the_o east-indies_n there_o be_v publish_v that_o book_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n entitle_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n concern_v that_o right_n which_o the_o hollander_n have_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o indies_n wherein_o he_o endeavor_n first_o to_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n for_o all_o man_n whatsoëver_o which_o way_n they_o plea_n so_o that_o they_o can_v without_o injury_n be_v molest_v at_o sea_n next_o that_o the_o atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n or_o the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n be_v not_o nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o peculiar_a of_o the_o portugall_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o jubet_fw-la law_n and_o reason_n already_o mention_v can_v in_o no_o wise_n become_v the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o because_o nature_n not_o only_a permit_n but_o require_n it_n shall_v be_v common_a several_a other_o passage_n he_o have_v about_o this_o matter_n in_o his_o excellent_a book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o thus_o much_o in_o brief_a concern_v those_o argument_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o be_v to_o explain_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o the_o question_n and_o its_o term_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n chap._n iii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o present_a question_n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n we_o take_v the_o word_n capable_a in_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o emperor_n traian_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o his_o belove_a pliny_n 59_o solum_fw-la peregrinae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la capax_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dedicationis_fw-la quae_fw-la fit_a jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la the_o soil_n of_o a_o strange_a city_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o such_o a_o dedication_n as_o be_v make_v by_o our_o law_n moreover_o we_o shall_v explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o those_o term_n of_o law_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o sea_n we_o understand_v the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o the_o main_a ocean_n or_o out-land_n sea_n as_o those_o which_o be_v within-land_n such_o as_o the_o mediterranean_a adriatic_a aegean_a or_o levant_n british_n and_o baltic_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o differ_v not_o otherwise_o from_o the_o main_a then_o as_o homogeneous_a or_o similary_n part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n do_v from_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v the_o rule_n measure_n and_o point_v out_o of_o thing_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a fall_v under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n fither_o as_o it_o be_v obligatorie_n which_o be_v call_v also_o preceptive_a or_o as_o it_o be_v permissive_a
or_o seaside_n or_o coast._n the_o vulgar_a read'_v it_o thus_o the_o great_a sea_n also_o shall_v be_v its_o sea-border_n straight_o along_o from_o the_o border_n till_o you_o come_v to_o emath_n this_o be_v the_o seaside_n which_o the_o greek_n render_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o part_n be_v south_n and_o south-west_n according_a to_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o foregoing_a word_n then_o according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n it_o follow_v we_o in_o the_o greek_a this_o be_v part_n or_o this_o divide_n part_n of_o the_o great_a sea_n until_o a_o man_n come_v over_o against_o the_o entrance_n which_o lead_v to_o hemath_n even_o to_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o these_o be_v they_o which_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n of_o hemath_n so_o that_o every_o translation_n speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o that_o which_o we_o have_v add_v to_o the_o hebrew_n agree'_v both_o with_o the_o chaldee_n paraphrase_n and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o spanish_a jew_n moreover_o solomon_n jarchius_n expound_n it_n there_o after_o this_o manner_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_n from_o the_o south-corner_n for_o so_o he_o interpret_n this_o word_n from_o the_o border_n which_o be_v the_o river_n of_o egypt_n till_o a_o man_n come_v over_o against_o the_o entrance_n which_o lead_v to_o hamath_n that_o be_v to_o the_o corner_n situate_v under_o the_o northwest_o which_o be_v the_o very_a mount_n hor_n over_o against_o the_o entrance_n unto_o hamath_n for_o hamath_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o northwest_n side_n near_o mount_n hor._n and_o so_o that_o which_o be_v cut_v off_o here_o by_o the_o border_n in_o a_o strait_a line_n as_o the_o vulgar_a have_v it_o draw_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o nilus_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o mount_n hor_n conte_v no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o assign_v unto_o israël_n and_o this_o late_a opinion_n be_v the_o better_o receive_v whereby_o only_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o god_n appointment_n conceive_v to_o be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o condition_n with_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a digest_v or_o both_o volume_n of_o the_o talmud_n but_o also_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o those_o most_o learned_a rabbin_n 1._o moses_n maimonides_n and_o 133._o moses_n cotzensis_n beside_o other_o of_o a_o less_o account_n who_o in_o express_a term_n embrace_v it_o also_o according_a to_o both_o these_o opinion_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n of_o sufficient_a authority_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o general_a term_n touch_v the_o beyond-sea_n province_n by_o 1._o solomon_n jarchius_n 554._o rabbenu_fw-fr nissim_n tob._n obadiah_n bartenorius_n and_o other_o to_o wit_n that_o whatsoëver_o lie_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n that_o whole_a province_n or_o city_n be_v often_o comprise_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o sea_n except_o babylon_n after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o sea-province_n situate_v afar_o off_o in_o the_o west_n without_o the_o line_n draw_v according_a to_o this_o or_o the_o other_o opinion_n the_o mediterranean_a province_n and_o city_n also_o which_o be_v â—eated_v in_o other_o remote_a part_n without_o the_o border_n of_o israël_n have_v in_o stead_n of_o be_v call_v a_o strange_a land_n be_v term_v the_o province_n or_o city_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o point_n be_v very_o well_o handle_v by_o rabbenu_fw-fr nissim_n in_o the_o former_a place_n but_o as_o these_o which_o be_v seat_v without_o their_o territory_n in_o the_o continent_n be_v only_o by_o the_o say_a custom_n of_o speech_n call_v city_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o also_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o we_o have_v show_v you_o that_o according_a to_o the_o same_o way_n of_o speak_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o other_o city_n also_o within_o their_o territory_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a sea_n and_o so_o at_o length_n from_o both_o the_o opinion_n here_o recite_v we_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o exposition_n of_o the_o divine_a assignation_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o ancient_a interpreter_n of_o the_o jewish_a law_n to_o who_o that_o assignation_n be_v make_v that_o they_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o jot_n as_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o the_o land_n and_o so_o reckon_v those_o island_n place_v in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o israël_n because_o of_o their_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n that_o do_v flow_v between_o they_o nor_o do_v it_o hinder_v at_o all_o that_o in_o their_o assignation_n or_o distribution_n we_o so_o often_o find_v this_o particle_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la mare_fw-la unto_o the_o sea_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n or_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o border_n for_o the_o word_n usque_fw-la until_o or_o unto_o be_v not_o only_o often_o senatoribus_fw-la inclusive_a but_o also_o the_o border_n or_o limit_n themselves_o be_v 23._o many_o time_n all_o one_o with_o the_o thing_n limit_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o all_o bound_n that_o be_v bound_v touch_v which_o particular_a both_o the_o canonist_n and_o civilian_n be_v very_o copious_a as_o also_o the_o jew_n in_o those_o other_o particular_n already_o mention_v and_o therefore_o we_o conclude_v out_o of_o the_o premise_n that_o neither_o the_o divine_a law_n which_o be_v universal_a nor_o the_o positive_a as_o it_o appear_v in_o scripture_n to_o be_v imperative_a or_o to_o have_v a_o command_n over_o some_o certain_a nation_n for_o there_o be_v a_o true_a picture_n of_o the_o imperative_a law_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a distribution_n of_o bound_n do_v oppose_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o both_o of_o they_o do_v sufficient_o allow_v it_o and_o afford_v also_o very_o clear_a example_n of_o such_o a_o dominion_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n the_o jew_n themselves_o in_o the_o next_o place_n then_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o be_v yet_o behind_o of_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n that_o the_o natural-permissive_a law_n whereof_o any_o use_n may_v be_v in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o noble_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a chap._n vii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v here_o the_o law_n natural_a as_o one_o head_n of_o the_o universal_a or_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n in_o our_o former_a division_n of_o the_o law_n common_o derive_v from_o a_o right_n and_o discreet_a use_n of_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v in_o no_o wise_n gainsay_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o plain_o permit_v it_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereby_o because_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o nation_n of_o every_o kind_n which_o be_v humane_a for_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a to_o wit_n as_o well_o by_o the_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o divers_a nation_n as_o the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n whether_o it_o be_v intervenient_a or_o imperative_a that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o almost_o all_o and_o the_o more_o noble_a nation_n that_o be_v know_v to_o we_o such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o where_o admit_v it_o be_v not_o indeed_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o a_o right_a use_n of_o humane_a reason_n which_o usual_o serve_v as_o a_o index_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n can_v well_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n about_o thing_n divine_a or_o such_o as_o relate_v unto_o divine_a worship_n nor_o be_v the_o point_n either_o of_o the_o obligatorie_n or_o permissive_a kind_n of_o natural_a law_n relate_v thereunto_o to_o be_v thence_o determine_v for_o it_o have_v be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o man_n in_o all_o age_n and_o throughout_o all_o part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n to_o conclude_v of_o such_o matter_n either_o without_o exact_a and_o convenient_a examination_n or_o else_o for_o the_o serve_v of_o their_o own_o interest_n or_o else_o to_o suit_n with_o the_o humour_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n who_o they_o be_v to_o rule_v and_o keep_v in_o order_n as_o do_v the_o pagan_n mahometan_n and_o other_o of_o that_o sort_n as_o well_o modern_a as_o ancient_a and_o therefore_o antisthenes_n of_o old_a teach_v well_o and_o bold_o at_o athens_n 1._o as_o many_o other_o philosopher_n have_v do_v populares_fw-la deos_fw-la esse_fw-la multos_fw-la sed_fw-la naturalem_fw-la unum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o there_o be_v many_o national_a god_n and_o but_o one_o natural_a contrary_a to_o what_o the_o most_o usual_a practice_n of_o man_n and_o custom_n have_v introduce_v among_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n so_o that_o as_o of_o old_a in_o the_o jewish_a church_n so_o also_o in_o the_o christian_a the_o use_n of_o humane_a reason_n among_o the_o vulgar_a though_o free_a in_o other_o thing_n yet_o
his_o successor_n in_o that_o city_n within_o who_o territory_n of_o jurisdiction_n he_o die_v if_o the_o pope_n die_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o election_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o that_o city_n or_o andraeas_n place_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n this_o intimation_n be_v give_v by_o the_o gloss_n and_o acknowledge_v by_o other_o but_o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n be_v allow_v the_o privilege_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o church_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o of_o the_o pope_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o village_n border_v upon_o a_o pasture-ground_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o some_o compact_n usage_n or_o custom_n put_v in_o their_o cattle_n to_o graze_v there_o though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n this_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o the_o city_n of_o 72._o rome_n every_o citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o within_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o fish_n at_o any_o time_n and_o with_o any_o instrument_n whatsoëver_o in_o the_o stream_n both_o of_o tiber_n anien_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o sea_n shore_n do_v reach_v and_o no_o person_n ought_v to_o prohibit_v or_o forcible_o take_v any_o thing_n away_o from_o they_o so_o long_o as_o they_o forbear_v to_o trespass_v upon_o any_o land_n house_n and_o fishpond_n which_o belong_v to_o private_a owner_n or_o to_o come_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o arenula_fw-la namely_o of_o s_o t_o severia_n and_o paul_n in_o which_o place_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o to_o fish_n without_o warrant_n from_o the_o state_n be_v advocate_n and_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o privilege_n as_o this_o qualify_v either_o by_o grant_n or_o covenant_n or_o custom_n be_v very_o often_o find_v in_o such_o place_n as_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n concern_v the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n xvii_o that_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v acknowledge_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n be_v apparent_a to_o any_o man_n that_o will_v but_o observe_v the_o usual_a title_n of_o their_o king_n king_n emmanuel_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o law_n of_o portugal_n style_n be_v himself_o dom_n manuel_n per_fw-la grace_n de_fw-fr deos_fw-la rey_n etc._n etc._n senhor_n de_fw-fr guinee_n &_o da_fw-la conquista_fw-la &_o navagaçam_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la d'_fw-fr ethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n &_o da_fw-mi india_n à _fw-it todo_fw-es etc._n etc._n which_o elsewhere_o be_v render_v in_o 9_o barbarous_a latin_a thus_o emanuel_n dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n dominus_fw-la guineae_fw-la &_o conquistae_fw-la navigationis_fw-la ac_fw-la commercii_fw-la aethiopiae_fw-la arabiae_n persiae_n etc._n etc._n emmanuel_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n etc._n etc._n lord_n of_o guinee_n and_o by_o conquest_n of_o the_o navigation_n and_o commerce_n of_o ethiopia_n arabia_n persia_n where_fw-mi conquista_fw-la in_o the_o language_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n signify_v that_o which_o be_v acquire_v by_o war._n the_o same_o title_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o commission_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o portugal_n whereupon_o jacobus_n 12._o vâ—ldesius_n write_v that_o they_o be_v and_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o commerce_n traffic_n and_o navigation_n but_o for_o any_o person_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o navigation_n and_o traffic_n by_o sea_n without_o dominion_n over_o that_o sea_n be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o use_v and_o enjoy_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n to_o have_v right_a to_o prohibit_v all_o other_o from_o do_v the_o like_a and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v owner_n thereof_o but_o among_o the_o law_n of_o portugal_n there_o be_v yet_o clear_a evidence_n for_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n even_o of_o the_o atlantic_a or_o ocean_n itself_o for_o therein_o it_o be_v forbid_v that_o any_o person_n either_o foreigner_n or_o native_a the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v 112._o assi_fw-fr naral_fw-fr commo_fw-la estrangeiro_n in_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o to_o pass_v ditas_fw-la partee_n mare_n the_o guinee_n &_o india_n &_o qualsquer_n outras_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o lugare_n de_fw-mi nossa_fw-mi conquista_fw-la tratar_n resgatar_n nem_fw-la guerrear_n sem_fw-mi nossa_fw-mi licenca_fw-la &_o autoridade_fw-mi sob_v pena_fw-la que_fw-la fazendo_fw-la â—o_o contrario_fw-la moura_fw-la por_fw-mi ello_fw-it morte_fw-la natural_a &_o por_fw-mi esso_fw-la mesmo_fw-la seito_fw-la percapera_fw-la nos_fw-la todo_fw-es seus_fw-la beens_fw-mi moveis_fw-la &_o the_o ray_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o say_a country_n land_n and_o sea_n of_o guinee_n and_o the_o indies_n or_o any_o other_o land_n sea_n and_o place_n under_o our_o dominion_n for_o commerce_n or_o traâ—â—iâ—k_n or_o make_v of_o wâ—r_n without_o our_o licence_n and_o authority_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o total_a confiscation_n of_o estate_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o any_o that_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_n and_o for_o the_o execution_n hereof_o the_o commander_n of_o those_o fleet_n who_o have_v leave_v from_o the_o king_n to_o sail_v thither_o have_v commission_n give_v they_o to_o call_v to_o account_v all_o who_o they_o find_v in_o any_o kind_n transgress_v this_o law_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o nation_n of_o portugal_n also_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o dominion_n may_v be_v just_o acquire_v over_o the_o ocean_n itself_o and_o this_o law_n in_o the_o extent_n of_o at_o reach_v as_o well_o to_o foreigner_n as_o to_o the_o king_n subject_n although_o foreigner_n do_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o portugal_n have_v acquire_v any_o such_o right_a however_o that_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v obligatorie_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v but_o that_o such_o a_o right_n may_v be_v acquire_v be_v i_o suppose_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o nation_n in_o europe_n except_o some_o perhaps_o who_o be_v not_o yet_o in_o fair_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o any_o sea_n if_o so_o be_v at_o least_o a_o man_n may_v right_o gather_v their_o acknowledgement_n from_o their_o receive_a custom_n and_o true_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n there_o be_v a_o hot_a dispute_n between_o cottoniana_n she_o and_o sebastian_n king_n of_o portugal_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o atlantic_a and_o south-sea_n that_o open_n the_o way_n to_o the_o east-indies_n which_o be_v claim_v by_o the_o portugal_n but_o the_o question_n in_o that_o dispute_n be_v not_o whether_o or_o no_o sebastian_n can_v be_v lord_n of_o that_o navigation_n or_o sea_n but_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o lawful_a acquisition_n of_o such_o a_o dominion_n but_o in_o the_o common_a law_n of_o spain_n or_o castille_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o free_a and_o that_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n almost_o as_o if_o no_o positive_a law_n have_v ever_o lay_v any_o restraint_n upon_o the_o natural_a 8._o community_n thereof_o yet_o the_o spanish_a lawyer_n and_o those_o not_o of_o the_o mean_a account_n do_v in_o most_o express_a term_n declare_v it_o capable_a of_o dominion_n yea_o and_o that_o it_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n say_v gregorius_n 11._o lopez_n may_v grant_v any_o man_n a_o privilege_n to_o fish_n in_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n say_v joannes_n 34._o garcias_n a_o spaniard_n belong_v to_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o adjoin_a land_n this_o he_o speak_v of_o some_o particular_a sea_n belong_v to_o spain_n for_o to_o speak_v it_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n be_v idle_a there_o be_v other_o also_o as_o didacus_n couvaruvias_n 12._o joannes_n de_fw-fr hevia_n who_o be_v plain_o for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o well_o for_o a_o control_a the_o liberty_n of_o navigation_n as_o restrain_v the_o common_a use_n of_o fish_v and_o how_o frequent_a this_o opinion_n 8._o be_v among_o the_o lawyer_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la though_o he_o himself_o do_v extreme_o oppose_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o those_o word_n of_o his_o already_o cite_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n moreover_o it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a out_o of_o 13._o rodericus_fw-la suarius_n that_o such_o right_n &_o privilege_n be_v exercise_v by_o private_a person_n ground_v either_o upon_o custom_n or_o some_o grant_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o demonstrate_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o spaniard_n although_o that_o author_n take_v the_o measure_n of_o law_n rather_o from_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o school_n than_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n be_v the_o more_o earnest_a for_o that_o ancient_a opinion_n of_o a_o perpetual_a community_n yea_o the_o very_a title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v
kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
grant_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o northern_a or_o norwegian_a sea_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o our_o merchant_n of_o the_o muscovie_n company_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o he_o have_v rent_v out_o any_o land_n whereof_o he_o stand_v full_o seize_v and_o possess_v he_o limit_v the_o grant_n also_o with_o such_o condition_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a the_o public_a instrument_n or_o record_n about_o this_o particular_a be_v cottoniano_n yet_o extant_a whereby_o the_o king_n have_v a_o annual_a tribute_n in_o recompense_n other_o merchant_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o grant_v itself_o be_v to_o continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o that_o king_n and_o the_o moscovit_fw-la we_o read_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o denmark_n of_o king_n harald_n hildetan_n that_o no_o man_n do_v presume_v to_o usurp_v a_o domination_n in_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o consent_n and_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o next_o ought_v especial_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o to_o this_o particular_a because_o the_o empire_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v once_o divide_v in_o the_o republic_n of_o denmark_n and_o olo_n who_o afterward_o be_v king_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n vanquish_v lxx_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o sea-fight_n which_o thing_n be_v write_v by_o 7._o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o other_o also_o of_o that_o kind_n and_o in_o the_o regis_fw-la treaty_n hold_v at_o koppenhagen_n betwixt_o christiern_n the_o four_o of_o denmark_n and_o gustavus_n adolphus_n of_o swedland_n the_o king_n of_o swedland_n renounce_v the_o right_a sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o other_o royalty_n by_o he_o former_o claim_v over_o the_o say_a sea_n in_o norway_n norland_n and_o in_o the_o jurisaiction_n of_o wardhuisen_n but_o touch_v the_o sea_n of_o norway_n as_o it_o lie_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v add_v more_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n mention_n be_v make_v likewise_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o in_o that_o promise_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n the_o aforesaid_a ambassador_n do_v promise_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a king_n now_o choose_v that_o assoon_o god_n will_v as_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n maintain_v a_o convenient_a navy_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o port_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o province_n adjoin_v even_o to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o janus_n januszowskius_n in_o his_o 109._o syntagma_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o by_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o so_o purchase_v both_o the_o aegean_a and_o euxin_n sea_n call_v this_o the_o black_a the_o other_o the_o white_a sea_n be_v wont_v solemn_o to_o entitle_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o league_n betwixt_o achmet_n the_o ottoman_a emperor_n and_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n make_v above_o thirty_o year_n since_o and_o 1615._o print_v both_o in_o the_o french_a and_o turkish_a tongue_n moreover_o in_o the_o same_o league_n the_o turk_n grant_n the_o french_a free_a leave_v to_o fish_n and_o search_v for_o coral_n in_o certain_a streit_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o african_a sea_n within_o his_o kingdom_n of_o algiers_n and_o tunis_n and_o he_o far_a confirm_n all_o that_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n for_o freedom_n of_o fish_v in_o those_o part_n in_o like_a manner_n 2._o coriolanus_n cippicus_n relate_v the_o action_n of_o pietrâ—_n mocenigo_n general_n of_o the_o venetian_n say_v the_o ottoman_a emperor_n build_v two_o castle_n very_o well_o fortify_v over_o against_o each_o other_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hellespont_n in_o its_o narrow_a passage_n which_o he_o store_v with_o ordnance_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o charge_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o shoot_v and_o sink_v any_o ship_n that_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o pass_v without_o leave_v which_o be_v plain_o to_o domineer_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n neither_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v here_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o david_n emperor_n of_o ethiopia_n or_o the_o abassins_n to_o emmanuël_n king_n of_o portugal_n he_o entitle_v he_o moâ—â—lus_fw-la lord_n of_o africa_n and_o guinee_n and_o the_o mountain_n and_o island_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o red_a sea_n arabia_n and_o persia_n and_o armutia_n great_a india_n etc._n etc._n he_o use_v here_o a_o hyperbole_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o african_a prince_n and_o attribute_n those_o thing_n to_o emmanuël_n which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o admit_n that_n he_o may_v have_v be_v lord_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o any_o other_o territory_n and_o that_o that_o title_n do_v not_o entrench_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n any_o more_o than_o this_o now_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n conclude_v this_o part_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o admit_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o receive_v into_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v not_o only_o very_o many_o testimony_n every_o where_o as_o have_v be_v show_v you_o concern_v it_o but_o nothing_o at_o all_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v find_v to_o impugn_v it_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v be_v of_o any_o note_n in_o late_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o other_o do_v strive_v to_o violate_v or_o infringe_v the_o right_n of_o their_o neighbour_n under_o pretence_n of_o that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n so_o often_o insist_v on_o out_o of_o ulpian_n by_o such_o writer_n as_o too_o much_o prefer_v that_o obsolete_a opinion_n before_o the_o universal_a and_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o be_v make_v above_o twenty_o or_o about_o thirty_o year_n past_a betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o some_o of_o the_o hans-town_n as_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o low-dutch_a by_o a_o 14._o dutchman_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o this_o conjunction_n or_o union_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o any_o but_o only_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n commerce_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n and_o also_o in_o all_o river_n and_o stream_n run_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n nor_o ought_v any_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o place_n so_o that_o their_o citizen_n and_o subject_n join_v in_o this_o league_n respective_o may_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o liberty_n acquire_v and_o obtain_v together_o with_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o custom_n receive_v from_o their_o ancestor_n throughout_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a river_n stream_n and_o water_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n they_o promise_v also_o to_o aid_v each_o other_o in_o oppose_v any_o that_o shall_v hinder_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o northern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o baltic_a and_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n lituania_n pomerania_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n where_o it_o seem_v they_o pretend_v not_o only_o right_n and_o liberty_n peculiar_o grant_v to_o they_o long_o since_o but_o also_o to_o the_o very_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o league_n may_v be_v for_o about_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v raise_v his_o toll_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n within_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o dominion_n which_o they_o enjoy_v which_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hans_n town_n and_o unite_a province_n do_v seem_v to_o oppose_v but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o thing_n see_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v found_v upon_o such_o clear_a testimony_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n
of_o so_o many_o famous_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a whereto_o we_o shall_v add_v many_o other_o also_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o the_o next_o book_n nothing_o now_o i_o suppose_v hinder_v why_o we_o may_v not_o determine_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n natural-permissive_a but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o common_a of_o divers_a nation_n and_o in_o many_o place_n almost_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n which_o in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o sure_a demonstration_n of_o the_o natural-permissive_a unless_o there_o remain_v any_o impediment_n in_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v next_o to_o be_v handle_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n chap._n xx._n the_o usual_a objection_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n be_v derive_v some_o from_o the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n travel_n and_o passage_n pretend_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o some_o also_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o out_o of_o the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o first_o sort_n the_o office_n of_o humanity_n require_v that_o entertainment_n be_v give_v to_o stranger_n and_o that_o inoffensive_a passage_n be_v not_o deny_v they_o so_o 13._o gratian_n out_o of_o 41._o augustin_n say_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v how_o the_o war_n of_o the_o israêlites_n become_v just_a against_o the_o amorites_n for_o they_o be_v deny_v a_o inoffensive_a passage_n which_o ought_v in_o all_o equity_n to_o lie_v open_a by_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o 3._o cicero_n say_v it_o be_v a_o inhuman_a thing_n to_o deny_v stranger_n the_o use_n of_o a_o city_n very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v of_o that_o sort_n which_o seem_v to_o strengthen_v the_o objection_n to_o wit_n as_o it_o relate_n unto_o the_o office_n of_o humanity_n not_o disturb_v by_o war_n fear_v jealousy_n enmity_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o thing_n through_o which_o both_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n be_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o passage_n will_v no_o more_o derogate_v from_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v without_o question_n free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n than_o the_o allow_v of_o a_o open_a way_n for_o the_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n or_o pass_v through_o upon_o a_o journey_n or_o any_o other_o service_n of_o that_o nature_n through_o another_o man_n field_n can_v prejudice_v the_o ownership_n thereof_o suppose_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o free_a passage_n over_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n into_o france_n the_o french_a over_o the_o alps_o into_o italy_n the_o italian_n into_o germany_n what_o do_v this_o concern_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o pyreny_v or_o the_o alps_o and_o for_o any_o man_n to_o allege_v here_o what_o be_v common_o talk_v of_o the_o light_n of_o one_o candle_n by_o another_o of_o the_o not_o deny_v a_o common_a use_n of_o water_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o disquisition_n of_o law_n and_o right_n to_o insist_v upon_o that_o of_o charity_n at_o the_o request_n indeed_o of_o asclepiades_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chersonesus_n under_o the_o emperor_n 25._o arcadius_n and_o honorius_n certain_a person_n who_o have_v teach_v the_o barbarous_a people_n the_o art_n of_o build_v ship_n whereof_o they_o be_v ignorant_a before_o be_v for_o charity_n be_v sake_n free_v from_o the_o pain_n of_o prison_n and_o punishment_n and_o though_o the_o art_n of_o those_o that_o teach_v they_o be_v no_o whit_n the_o less_o because_o of_o that_o skill_n which_o the_o barbarian_n have_v gain_v yet_o by_o the_o law_n it_o be_v death_n to_o communicate_v that_o art_n unto_o they_o and_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v other_o instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n so_o that_o it_o in_o no_o wise_a diminish_v from_o any_o man_n right_a or_o power_n to_o permit_v another_o to_o participate_v of_o what_o be_v his_o when_o he_o himself_o lose_v nothing_o thereof_o and_o that_o we_o may_v determine_v this_o point_n in_o brief_a it_o be_v most_o evident_a from_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o time_n that_o free_a passage_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v wont_v ever_o to_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o prince_n in_o their_o territory_n that_o it_o be_v permit_v or_o prohibit_v according_a to_o the_o various_a concernment_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o not_o otherwise_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la upon_o that_o passage_n concern_v the_o amorites_n say_v 19_o i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o augustine_n in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o hurt_n and_o a_o assurance_n that_o no_o hurt_n may_v be_v do_v prince_n be_v concern_v to_o be_v wary_a and_o careful_a that_o they_o admit_v no_o such_o stranger_n or_o commerce_n where_o pro_fw-la re_fw-la natâ_fw-la the_o common-weal_n may_v receiv_v any_o damage_n thereby_o upon_o which_o ground_n also_o it_o be_v often_o provide_v in_o league_n etc._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o either_o party_n to_o sail_v unto_o each_o other_o port_n coast_n or_o harbour_n and_o this_o when_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o right_n to_o the_o way_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v with_o such_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n or_o man_n of_o war_n as_o may_v give_v a_o just_a occasion_n of_o any_o fear_n or_o jealousy_n that_o force_n be_v intend_v except_o leave_v be_v first_o have_v of_o that_o party_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n those_o place_n be_v or_o unless_o they_o be_v drive_v thither_o by_o tempest_n or_o some_o other_o necessity_n to_o avoid_v a_o great_a force_n or_o the_o danger_n of_o shipwreck_n according_a to_o the_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o possession_n and_o at_o his_o discretion_n all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o foreigner_n whatsoëver_o may_v be_v prohibit_v unless_o some_o other_o special_a right_n or_o custom_n do_v intervene_v and_o 6._o aristotle_n say_v plain_o provision_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v by_o law_n with_o who_o subject_n may_v or_o may_v not_o convers_a moluccas_n bodin_n also_o say_v well_o that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o add'_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forbid_v a_o foreigner_n from_o enter_v the_o border_n and_o also_o to_o force_v he_o out_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v the_o border_n not_o only_o if_o a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n but_o also_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v by_o conver_n with_o stranger_n but_o that_o war_n have_v be_v lawful_o undertake_v for_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n unless_o the_o denial_n be_v give_v contrary_a to_o some_o ancient_a league_n or_o unless_o that_o freedom_n depend_v upon_o some_o special_a title_n to_o commerce_n we_o do_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o any_o other_o man_n can_v affirm_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o indis_fw-fr franciscus_n victoria_n who_o also_o be_v follow_v chief_o by_o 55._o joannes_n solorzanus_n i._n v._o d._n it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o lawful_a right_o to_o subdue_v the_o indian_n because_o they_o deny_v commerce_n and_o entertainment_n yet_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n oppose_v by_o 105._o ludovicus_n molina_n who_o will_v have_v no_o nation_n or_o common_a weal_n bind_v either_o with_o or_o without_o danger_n to_o itself_o to_o admit_v commerce_n or_o foreigner_n but_o in_o case_n of_o great_a and_o imminent_a necessity_n or_o unless_o any_o league_n agreement_n or_o some_o other_o special_a privilege_n do_v intervene_v but_o there_o be_v other_o pretence_n not_o a_o few_o which_o the_o spaniard_n allege_v for_o the_o con._n quest_n of_o the_o indies_n for_o they_o pretend_v also_o a_o right_n of_o discovery_n primarie_a occupation_n conversion_n to_o the_o faith_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n beside_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o all_o which_o solorzanus_n treat'_v at_o large_a and_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o the_o spaniard_n shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o acquire_v the_o indies_n upon_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n since_o it_o be_v subnexum_fw-la very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o they_o and_o the_o portugal_n do_v open_o profess_v that_o they_o may_v lawful_o prohibit_v commerce_n in_o both_o the_o indies_n nor_o do_v it_o prejudice_v the_o point_n at_o all_o that_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n no_o prince_n nor_o any_o other_o hold_v royalty_n by_o his_o grant_n can_v etc._n
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
the_o whole_a world_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v at_o first_o by_o ancient_a prince_n it_o may_v even_o as_o well_o pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n howsoêver_o there_o have_v be_v 52._o some_o other_o who_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n distinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o inner_a and_o neighbour_a sea_n from_o the_o open_a sea_n or_o main_a ocean_n but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v omit_v that_o they_o for_o who_o sake_n hugo_n grotius_n write_v that_o book_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o stateâ—_n of_o holland_n do_v not_o unwilling_o but_o rather_o as_o it_o seem_v according_a to_o their_o own_o heart_n desire_v give_v ear_n to_o the_o condemnation_n of_o that_o opinion_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v own_v by_o grotius_n concern_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o freedom_n of_o fish_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o a_o speech_n of_o his_o deliver_v open_o in_o holland_n and_o that_o other_o be_v grave_o admonish_v from_o his_o misfortune_n not_o to_o maintain_v the_o like_a of_o which_o thing_n grotius_n himself_o bear_n witness_n 257._o i_o have_v labour_v say_v he_o as_o much_o as_o any_o to_o maintain_v the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o clothdress_v in_o our_o country_n but_o for_o the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v at_o sea_n so_o much_o that_o carleton_n the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n ambassador_n be_v incite_v by_o my_o enemy_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o in_o public_a against_o i_o be_v at_o business_n that_o time_n in_o prison_n he_o have_v no_o â—ing_v else_o to_o say_v but_o that_o i_o have_v begin_v to_o make_v some_o discourse_n in_o defence_n of_o that_o freedom_n as_o a_o thing_n ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o nothing_o have_v be_v say_v or_o write_v by_o i_o upon_o that_o subject_n different_a from_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o state_n be_v ambassador_n have_v maintain_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n mdcx_o and_o our_o ancestor_n before_o even_o for_o some_o age_n past_a and_o yet_o that_o ambassador_n say_v that_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v terrify_v by_o the_o example_n of_o my_o misfortune_n from_o defend_v that_o opinion_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o person_n in_o power_n usual_o take_v a_o liberty_n to_o asper_n man_n as_o they_o pleasant_a when_o they_o be_v in_o question_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o speak_v so_o much_o against_o hugo_n grotius_n as_o against_o that_o natural_a right_n of_o community_n at_o sea_n injurious_o pretend_v to_o which_o many_o man_n have_v defend_v more_o express_o and_o plain_o then_o himself_o but_o none_o with_o so_o much_o learning_n and_o ingenuity_n nor_o do_v that_o speech_n of_o the_o ambassador_n for_o aught_o we_o know_v as_o thing_n than_o stand_v displea_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n but_o in_o his_o book_n 3_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la have_v indeed_o set_v down_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o original_n of_o private_a dominion_n to_o be_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o those_o place_n which_o become_v peculiar_o assign_v be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o all_o man_n he_o conclude_n that_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o its_o bigness_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n be_v sufficient_a for_o all_o can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o any_o he_o add'_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o be_v distinguishable_a by_o bound_n of_o both_o which_o we_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o but_o at_o length_n he_o betake'_v himself_o to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n and_o speak_v more_o than_o once_o concern_v the_o propriety_n or_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n sometime_o to_o be_v yield_v without_o controversy_n the_o land_n say_v 13._o he_o and_o river_n and_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n it_o come_v under_o the_o propriety_n of_o some_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v open_a for_o such_o as_o have_v need_n of_o passage_n upon_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n afterward_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o 8._o propriety_n of_o river_n after_o this_o example_n say_v he_o it_o seem_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n although_o it_o lie_v open_a either_o above_o as_o a_o creek_n or_o above_o and_o below_o too_o as_o a_o straight_a or_o narrow_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v seem_v to_o be_v any_o portion_n of_o they_o and_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o prince_n or_o people_n the_o same_o seem_v lawful_a also_o for_o two_o or_o three_o if_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n they_o plea_n to_o enter_v upon_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o for_o so_o rivers_z that_o flow_v between_o two_o nation_n have_v be_v enter_v upon_o by_o both_o and_o then_o divide_v he_o allege_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o right_n of_o primarie_a occupation_n by_o sea_n but_o so_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o conte_v himself_o within_o creek_n and_o strait_n 19_o he_o say_v that_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a right_n or_o reason_n but_o by_o custom_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o appropriate_v or_o that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v enter_v upon_o by_o right_a of_o occupation_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v change_v if_o there_o be_v any_o in_o the_o ancient_a law_n that_o may_v hinder_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o reason_n of_o community_n must_v be_v change_v also_o but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o change_v appear_v abundant_o if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v out_o of_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o show_v you_o yea_o the_o very_a law_n as_o well_o municipal_a civil_a as_o intervenient_a of_o most_o nation_n make_v abundant_o to_o this_o purpose_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v moreover_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n therefore_o beside_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o france_n spain_n and_o italy_n for_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v this_o over_o and_o above_o be_v add_v which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n also_o discourse_v in_o general_a term_n about_o the_o sea_n i_o here_o give_v it_o you_o as_o it_o be_v compose_v by_o a_o lawyer_n none_o of_o the_o mean_a in_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n by_o name_n 97._o regenerus_fw-la sixtinus_n who_o be_v indeed_o against_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n in_o question_n say_v he_o concern_v the_o sea_n and_o its_o shore_n be_v whether_o as_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a and_o by_o which_o other_o be_v make_v navigable_a they_o may_v be_v reckon_v inter_v regalia_z among_o the_o prince_n royalty_n for_o whatsoëver_o be_v repute_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z or_o royalty_n be_v as_o private_a or_o peculiar_a to_o prince_n as_o that_o be_v to_o subject_n which_o be_v their_o own_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v private_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o also_o whether_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o its_o shore_n be_v comprise_v within_o those_o regalia_z cacheranus_n decis_n 155._o n._n 81._o ferrarius_fw-la montanus_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 5._o c._n 7._o piscandi_fw-la reckon_n the_o regulation_n and_o the_o very_a dominion_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o regalia_z nor_o do_v he_o make_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o public_a river_n mynsingerus_n also_o resp._n 1_o nu_fw-la 162._o decad._n 11._o say_v that_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z but_o sixtinus_n himself_o discourse_v upon_o this_o matter_n just_a as_o they_o do_v that_o be_v more_o addict_v than_o they_o ought_v to_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o number_v up_o those_o autor_n that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n conclude_n thus_o but_o more_o true_a it_o be_v that_o a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o regalia_z but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o all_o those_o particular_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n and_o as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o civil_a as_o the_o common_a or_o intervenient_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v question_v but_o that_o there_o remain_n not_o either_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o in_o the_o law_n either_o
be_v subject_a to_o the_o protection_n of_o prince_n he_o ask_v the_o austrian_n if_o their_o preten_v be_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v leave_v without_o protection_n so_o that_o any_o one_o may_v do_v therein_o well_o or_o ill_o rob_v spoil_v and_o make_v of_o it_o un-navigable_a this_o will_v be_v so_o absurd_a as_o he_o dare_v answer_v for_o they_o no_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n his_o majesty_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v keep_v govern_v and_o protect_v by_o those_o unto_o who_o it_o do_v appertein_a by_o divine_a disposition_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v if_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o a_o just_a thing_n that_o such_o shall_v do_v it_o with_o the_o expense_n of_o their_o own_o pain_n charge_n and_o blood_n or_o rather_o that_o such_o shall_v contribute_v towards_o it_o who_o do_v equal_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n to_o this_o also_o he_o dare_v answer_v for_o they_o that_o they_o will_v say_v the_o doctrine_n of_o s_o t_o paul_n be_v too_o clear_a in_o the_o point_n not_o to_o allege_v matter_n of_o law_n that_o all_o such_o who_o be_v under_o government_n and_o protection_n be_v thereby_o bind_v to_o pay_v custom_n and_o contribution_n and_o thereupon_o he_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o republic_n be_v that_o prince_n to_o who_o it_o do_v appertein_a to_o govern_v and_o protect_v the_o adriatic_a sea_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o whosoëver_o navigate_n it_n aught_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o their_o law_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o such_o be_v who_o travel_n through_o a_o country_n upon_o the_o land_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v on_o to_o show_v that_o this_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o republic_n and_o thereupon_o cause_v to_o be_v read_v out_o of_o a_o abstract_n which_o he_o have_v take_v the_o opinion_n of_o thirty_o lawyer_n who_o from_o the_o year_n 1300_o until_o that_o present_a time_n do_v speak_v of_o the_o dominion_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n most_o notorious_a and_o of_o which_o even_o in_o their_o time_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n know_v not_o the_o contrary_a some_o of_o they_o affirm_v that_o the_o republic_n have_v no_o less_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n then_o over_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n other_o say_v that_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v the_o territory_n and_o demesne_n of_o the_o say_a city_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o lawful_a power_n which_o the_o venetian_n have_v to_o establish_v law_n over_o navigaon_n and_o to_o impose_v custom_n upon_o such_o as_o navigate_v those_o sea_n and_o he_o add_v that_o he_o never_o read_v any_o lawyer_n which_o ever_o say_v the_o contrary_a and_o turn_v himself_o to_o râ—picio_fw-la he_o say_v that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o believ_n those_o writer_n which_o testify_v that_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n whereof_o they_o have_v possession_n from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n before_o the_o age_n wherein_o the_o autor_n live_v although_o they_o prove_v it_o not_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o deny_v to_o receiv_v they_o for_o testimony_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o they_o see_v and_o know_v in_o their_o time_n and_o to_o hold_v they_o as_o witness_n far_o above_o all_o exception_n be_v famous_a man_n and_o dead_a so_o many_o year_n ago_o as_o they_o can_v not_o be_v any_o way_n interest_v in_o the_o present_a difference_n and_o because_o more_o than_o 250_o year_n be_v pass_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o first_o autor_n which_o he_o allege_v as_o witness_n hereof_o do_v write_v to_o the_o time_n of_o those_o which_o he_o last_o cite_v in_o that_o behalf_n by_o their_o attestation_n it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o for_o long_a time_n more_o than_o so_o many_o year_n the_o republic_n have_v command_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v not_o deny_v the_o immovable_a possession_n thereof_o to_o the_o present_a afterward_o turn_v himself_o to_o the_o judge_n he_o pray_v they_o that_o upon_o the_o autority_n allege_v they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o listen_v unto_o a_o short_a consideration_n of_o he_o which_o he_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o will_v leave_v in_o they_o a_o full_a impression_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o first_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o consider_v that_o notwithstanding_o some_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a cite_a autor_n speak_v with_o general_a word_n say_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o venetian_n neither_o declare_v the_o quality_n nor_o quantity_n thereof_o yet_o other_o do_v specify_v it_o use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o gulf_n and_o other_o with_o term_n more_o expressive_a say_v the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o clear_o demonstrate_n not_o only_o the_o site_n but_o also_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sea_n possess_v and_o so_o show_v that_o those_o who_o speak_v more_o expressive_o aught_o to_o clear_v the_o passage_n of_o those_o who_o write_v more_o general_o according_a to_o the_o common_a precept_n that_o with_o clear_a place_n the_o more_o obscure_a be_v to_o be_v illustrate_v he_o consider_v also_o that_o the_o divers_a manner_n of_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o doctor_n some_o derive_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o republic_n over_o the_o sea_n from_o custom_n some_o from_o prescription_n other_o from_o a_o induce_v subjection_n and_o other_o from_o a_o privilege_n do_v arise_v all_o out_o of_o this_o reason_n because_o as_o they_o be_v most_o assure_o inform_v of_o the_o possession_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n which_o they_o both_o see_v and_o hear_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n so_o they_o write_v upon_o that_o matter_n not_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o any_o one_o but_o of_o their_o own_o proper_a motion_n and_o by_o way_n of_o doctrine_n only_o each_o one_o of_o they_o judge_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o express_v the_o title_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n some_o with_o one_o term_n some_o with_o another_o without_o come_v to_o use_v the_o sole_a and_o true_a proper_a term_n as_o they_o will_v have_v do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v put_v to_o write_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o in_o which_o case_n the_o counsellor_n be_v always_o conformable_a receive_v from_o the_o person_n interest_v equal_o the_o like_a instruction_n he_o add_v that_o through_o the_o variety_n of_o express_v themselves_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v no_o way_n diminish_v but_o rather_o increase_v as_o s_n t_o augustine_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o diversity_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v betwixt_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n because_o by_o the_o divers_a manner_n of_o expression_n use_v by_o the_o say_a writer_n every_o one_o may_v rest_v assure_v that_o none_o of_o they_o do_v write_v nè_fw-la pagato_fw-la nè_fw-la pregato_fw-la neither_o pay_v nor_o pray_v in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v never_o wont_a to_o vary_v from_o the_o single_a form_n prescribe_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o party_n interest_v but_o rather_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o examine_v it_o shall_v see_v among_o the_o doctor_n a_o wonderful_a concord_n in_o this_o one_o point_n most_o true_a that_o after_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o constantipolitane_a empire_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v find_v to_o be_v for_o many_o year_n abandon_v as_o also_o many_o island_n and_o city_n of_o that_o state_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o remain_v unguarded_a and_o without_o the_o protection_n and_o government_n of_o any_o prince_n and_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o no_o body_n until_o by_o the_o venetian_n who_o to_o receiv_v their_o livelihood_n thereby_o be_v constrain_v to_o maintain_v it_o in_o freedom_n and_o thereupon_o take_v it_o into_o their_o protection_n get_v thereby_o the_o government_n and_o dominion_n over_o it_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n the_o land_n the_o sea_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o other_o come_v just_o unto_o those_o who_o first_o get_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o by_o which_o reason_n the_o first_o empire_n be_v found_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o land_n as_o at_o sea_n and_o daily_o there_o be_v new_a one_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n form_v when_o any_o of_o they_o either_o through_o age_n or_o vice_n become_v weak_a want_v force_n and_o sink_v of_o itself_o the_o which_o costodie_n and_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o acquire_v the_o republic_n have_v daily_o advance_v by_o the_o keep_n of_o potent_a fleet_n and_o great_a armada_n every_o day_n than_o other_o with_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o treasure_n and_o the_o profusion_n of_o a_o world_n of_o blood_n both_o of_o their_o citizen_n and_o subject_n continue_v without_o interruption_n in_o sight_n of_o all_o the_o world_n the_o say_v begin_v dominion_n and_o custody_n overcome_v and_o remove_v all_o
eminent_a limit_v like_o a_o mound_n but_o any_o kind_n of_o imaginary_a line_n by_o straight_a line_n crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n have_v take_v place_n in_o the_o designation_n of_o private_a dominion_n or_o in_o the_o shut_n or_o enclose_v of_o a_o thing_n possess_v in_o a_o civil_a acception_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o those_o field_n which_o be_v term_v agri_n occupatorii_n and_o arcifinii_n as_o well_o as_o any_o eminent_a and_o continue_a limit_v or_o mound_n whatsoëver_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o assignation_n of_o colony_n they_o call_v those_o place_n clausa_fw-la and_o extraclusa_n who_o limit_n â—ere_z divide_v only_o by_o such_o kind_n of_o line_n agrorum_fw-la julius_n frontinus_n say_v that_o field_n my_o bee_n call_v ager_n extraclusus_fw-la which_o lie_v within_o the_o border_a line_n and_o the_o century_n and_o therefore_o extraclusus_fw-la because_o it_o be_v close_v with_o the_o border_a line_n beyond_o the_o limit_n so_o the_o territory_n assign_v as_o well_o in_o the_o colony_n at_o this_o day_n carry_v into_o america_n as_o in_o that_o prodigious_a gift_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o in_o the_o former_a age_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n from_o the_o â—8_o artic_a to_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n be_v close_v by_o line_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n draw_v through_o the_o degree_n of_o heaven_n that_o they_o may_v be_v possess_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n so_o the_o greek_a sea_n which_o be_v within_o the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n be_v by_o cimonis_fw-la agreement_n shut_v and_o prohibit_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o the_o persian_a emperor_n so_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o be_v shut_v or_o close_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n other_o passage_n there_o be_v every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o i_o enlarge_v myself_o too_o much_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o manifest_a therefore_o i_o forbear_v to_o light_v a_o candle_n to_o the_o sun_n farewell_o reader_n from_o the_o inner_a temple_n iv_o november_n mdcxxxv_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n pag._n 1_o chap._n ii_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o pag._n 3_o chap._n iii_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n pag._n 11_o chap._n iv_o of_o dominion_n both_o common_a to_o all_o and_o private_a also_o its_o original_a either_o by_o distribution_n or_o primarie_a occupation_n pag._n 16_o chap._n v._o the_o effect_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o what_o regard_n have_v be_v have_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n and_o division_n of_o thing_n pag._n 24_o chap._n vi_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o divine_a oracle_n of_o holy_a scripture_n do_v allow_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o wide_a ocean_n also_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o at_o least_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o jewish_a law_n annex_v to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n by_o the_o assignation_n or_o appointment_n of_o god_n himself_o pag._n 27_o chap._n vii_o that_o the_o natural-permissive_a law_n whereof_o any_o use_n may_v be_v in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o noble_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a pag._n 42_o chap._n viii_o the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n pag._n 46_o chap._n ix_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a pag._n 53_o chap._n x._o that_o after_o minos_n of_o crete_n seventeen_o nation_n of_o renown_n in_o the_o east_n succeed_v each_o other_o do_v for_o very_o many_o year_n even_o without_o intermission_n enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphylian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o continent_n or_o island_n pag._n 56_o chap._n xi_o touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lacedæmonians_n and_o athenian_n moreover_o also_o that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n pag._n 65_o chap._n xii_o other_o testimony_n which_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n pag._n 69_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o spinetans_n tuscan_n carthaginian_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o west_n pag._n 74_o chap._n fourteen_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v their_o custom_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n pag._n 77_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v pag._n 89_o chap._n xvi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o gâ—nova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoêse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n pag._n 99_o chap._n xvii_o concern_v the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 107_o chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a pag_n 111_o chap._n xix_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n pag._n 118_o chap._n xx._n a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n pag._n 123_o chap._n xxi_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a pag._n 127_o chap._n xxii_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o concern_v its_o magnitude_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n pag._n 135_o chap._n xxiii_o a_o answer_n to_o such_o testimony_n as_o have_v fall_v from_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o subject_n and_o which_o be_v usual_o allege_v against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 145_o chap._n xxiv_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n pag._n 150_o chap._n xxv_o touch_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n his_o answer_n that_o himself_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o translate_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o l._n deprecatio_fw-la ff_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a answer_n and_o a_o new_a but_o genuine_a exposition_n of_o it_o also_o that_o it_o comprehend'_v nothing_o which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 157_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o modern_a lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o fernannandus_n vasquius_fw-la and_o hugo_n grotius_n pag._n 168_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n pag._n 181_o chap._n ii_o that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n do_v enjoy_v and_o possess_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n especial_o
chap._n xxxi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n pag._n 443_o chap._n xxxii_o touch_v that_o right_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n of_o the_o north._n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n pag._n 447_o amend_v the_o error_n thus_o pag._n 2._o lin_v 31._o read_v question_n p._n 15._o l._n 25._o r._n hostage_n blot_v out_o right_o p._n 29._o l._n 2._o also_o over_o all_o other_o p._n 33._o l._n 7._o r._n thus_o it_o be_v p._n 38._o l._n 27._o r._n within_o the_o creek_n p._n 49._o l._n 31._o r._n that_o of_o neptune_n p._n 53._o l._n 29._o r._n in_o any_o wise_a p._n 56._o l._n 6._o r._n or_o which_o ibid._n l._n 14._o r._n translation_n p._n 61._o l._n 2._o r._n hereto_o p._n 64._o l._n 22._o r._n in_o the_o first_o p._n 70._o 31._o r._n they_o require_v p._n 71._o l._n 9_o r._n antigonus_n witty_o reply_v that_o he_o himself_o p._n 74._o l._n 6._o r._n counsel_n p._n 75._o l._n 21._o r._n first_o ibid._n l._n 28._o r._n league_n that_o be_v p._n 79._o l._n 28._o r._n miscâ—um_fw-la p._n 82._o l._n 5._o r._n account_n ibid._n l._n 26._o r._n theodosius_n p._n 87._o l._n 13._o r._n that_o it_o can_v p._n 94._o l._n 30._o r._n that_o servitude_n p._n 95._o l._n 14._o r._n that_o servitude_n be_v impose_v p._n 95._o l._n 19_o r._n this_o servitude_n p._n 98._o l._n 2._o r._n â—â—lls_v p._n 105._o l._n 12._o r._n of_o p._n 106._o l._n 10._o r._n or_o p._n 123._o l._n 25._o r._n place_n according_a p._n 129._o l._n 11._o r._n i_o run_v p._n 142._o l._n 32._o r._n may_v be_v p._n 144._o l._n 11._o r._n alciaâ—â—â—_n p._n 156._o l._n 1._o r._n contemporatie_n p_o 161._o l._n 19_o r._n be_v it_o say_v p._n 163._o l._n 9_o r._n cotton_n p._n 184._o l._n 12._o r._n bacangâ—_n p._n 189._o l._n 4._o r._n too_o much_o p._n 190._o l._n 23._o r._n their._n p._n 192._o l._n 27._o r._n trim_v p._n 203._o l._n 2d_o r._n i_o be_o p._n â—â—â—_o l._n 4._o r._n thrive_v p._n 218._o l._n 30._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 221._o l._n 6._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 232._o l._n 17._o r._n at_o that_o time_n p._n 243._o l._n 31._o r._n or_o strand_n p._n 250._o l._n 28._o r._n danemarc_n p._n 255._o in_o the_o margin_n r._n coâ—â—onianâ—_n p._n 281._o l._n 12._o r._n achilles_n tatius_n p._n 303._o l._n 29._o r._n entenâ—_n p._n 306._o l._n 8._o r._n office_n of_o our_o p._n 315._o l._n 25._o r._n â—uisâ—es_o p._n 316._o l._n 20._o r._n guisâ—es_n and_o amiens_n p._n 317._o l._n 6._o r._n the_o opposite_a p._n 322._o l._n 31._o r._n piecemeal_o p._n 328._o l._n 24._o r._n account_n p._n 333._o l._n 14._o r._n caesarea_n p._n 336._o l._n 2._o r._n so_o that_o it_o ibid._n l._n 5._o r._n know_v ibid._n l._n 23._o r._n english_a by_o norman_a p._n 339._o l._n 16._o r._n the_o islander_n p._n 384._o l._n 31._o r._n of_o a_o public_a p._n 413._o l._n 1._o r._n be_v his_o plduciarie_n p._n 448._o l._n 11._o r._n feroâ—_n of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o design_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n encompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o same_o two_o main_a particular_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o law_n the_o other_o matter_n of_o fact_n both_o of_o they_o be_v denominate_v as_o be_v usual_a from_o the_o major_a part_n for_o as_o the_o point_n of_o law_n have_v many_o thing_n mingle_v with_o it_o which_o manifest_o arise_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o this_o of_o fact_n comprehend'_v not_o a_o few_o which_o relate_v unto_o that_o of_o law_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o point_n of_o law_n this_o question_n fall_v chief_o under_o debate_n to_o wit_n whether_o by_o law_n the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n and_o by_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v mean_v only_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o testimony_n or_o clear_o show_v forth_o of_o evidence_n by_o which_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o maintain_v the_o long_a and_o continual_a conjunction_n with_o the_o british_a empire_n of_o enjoiment_n and_o possession_n or_o lawful_a prescription_n whereupon_o as_o on_o a_o most_o strong_a title_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n herein_o may_v be_v found_v it_o be_v first_o make_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o only_o not_o repugnant_a by_o any_o law_n to_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n but_o every_o way_n capable_a thereof_o to_o each_o of_o these_o particular_n a_o several_a book_n be_v allot_v in_o the_o first_o be_v discuss_v matter_n of_o law_n in_o the_o second_o that_o which_o concern_v matter_n of_o fact_n for_o except_o manifest_a proof_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o point_n it_o will_v be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o discourse_n about_o the_o second_o but_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o first_o book_n it_o seem_v meet_v to_o observe_v such_o a_o method_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o rise_n or_o original_a ground_n of_o those_o dispute_n that_o have_v occasion_v this_o enquiry_n into_o the_o point_n of_o law_n together_o with_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o man_n who_o deny_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o ownership_n or_o that_o it_o may_v pass_v into_o the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a so_o as_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o exclude_v it_o from_o be_v common_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n next_o be_v premise_v some_o thing_n for_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o the_o question_n that_o it_o may_v be_v clear_o thence_o understand_v as_o well_o what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o what_o the_o thing_n be_v whereof_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v lest_o by_o neglect_n of_o such_o a_o cours_n we_o be_v perplex_v with_o doubt_n about_o the_o notion_n and_o acceptation_n either_o of_o the_o term_n themselves_o or_o of_o the_o subject_a in_o controversy_n after_o this_o preparation_n thus_o due_o make_v it_o be_v then_o demonstrate_v that_o not_o only_o no_o kind_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o right_o understand_v do_v deny_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o know_a and_o approve_v whereof_o there_o may_v be_v any_o use_n in_o dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o allow_v a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n last_o the_o objection_n usual_o bring_v against_o such_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v clear_v and_o answer_v and_o with_o these_o we_o shall_v now_o begin_v for_o the_o method_n of_o the_o second_o book_n be_v more_o convenient_o put_v there_o before_o it_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o chap._n ii_o the_o argument_n usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v draw_v from_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n passage_n and_o travel_v other_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o write_n and_o testimony_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n and_o travel_v this_o some_o man_n affirm_v to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o say_v it_o can_v no_o where_n be_v abolish_v by_o any_o law_n or_o custom_n yea_o and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o deny_v merchant_n or_o stranger_n the_o benefit_n of_o port_n provision_n commerce_n and_o navigation_n add_v moreover_o that_o war_n have_v be_v just_o commence_v upon_o denial_n of_o port_n trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o for_o proof_n they_o produce_v the_o example_n of_o the_o megarans_n 12._o against_o the_o athenian_n the_o bononian_n 20._o against_o the_o venetian_n and_o of_o the_o spaniard_n against_o those_o of_o the_o west_n indies_n for_o that_o the_o expedition_n of_o spain_n against_o the_o american_n be_v pretend_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n to_o be_v upon_o a_o 2._o just_a ground_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n within_o their_o shore_n and_o port_n and_o in_o justification_n hereof_o they_o use_v that_o of_o virgil_n as_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n quod_fw-la genus_fw-la 1._o hoc_fw-la hominum_fw-la quaeve_fw-la hunc_fw-la tam_fw-la barbara_fw-la morem_fw-la permittit_fw-la
only_o of_o a_o precede_a universal_a dominion_n of_o a_o single_a person_n as_o in_o adam_n or_o of_o some_o universal_a and_o common_a interest_n in_o thing_n as_o betwixt_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n happen_v first_o by_o the_o donation_n assignment_n or_o some_o other_o grant_v of_o those_o who_o it_o concern_v either_o to_o prince_n or_o community_n represent_v a_o single_a person_n or_o to_o any_o other_o whomsoëver_o as_o particular_a lord_n so_o that_o neither_o the_o law_n natural_a nor_o divine_a which_o be_v universal_a except_o you_o plea_n to_o credit_v that_o divine_a oracle_n say_v to_o be_v give_v unto_o noah_n have_v express_o command_v or_o forbid_v but_o permit_v both_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o common_a enjoiment_n as_o well_o as_o a_o private_a dominion_n or_o possession_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o life_n but_o in_o this_o division_n of_o bound_n and_o territory_n there_o intervene_v as_o it_o be_v a_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o universality_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o something_o like_o a_o compact_n which_o may_v bind_v their_o posterity_n for_o quit_v of_o the_o common_a interest_n or_o ancient_a right_n in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v over_o thus_o by_o distribution_n to_o particular_a proprietor_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o partner_n or_o coheir_n do_v share_v between_o themselves_o any_o portion_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o common_a but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n which_o neither_o be_v possess_v in_o several_a nor_o express_o hold_v in_o common_a that_o be_v which_o have_v continue_v vacant_a or_o desert_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v it_o have_v be_v true_o a_o custom_n of_o old_a and_o which_o hold_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o more_o eminent_a nation_n that_o vacancy_n be_v his_o who_o apprehend'_v they_o first_o by_o occupation_n as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v of_o those_o we_o call_v no_o man_n good_n this_o appear_v plain_a in_o the_o imperial_a law_n nor_o do_v we_o know_v of_o any_o nation_n where_o it_o be_v not_o receive_v save_v in_o those_o where_o by_o the_o municipal_a civil_a law_n of_o some_o nation_n any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v appropriate_v to_o their_o prince_n that_o their_o subject_n gain_v not_o a_o interest_n by_o occupation_n for_o there_o other_o have_v sufficient_o disclaim_v the_o acquire_n of_o any_o title_n by_o occupation_n and_o in_o the_o present_a case_n we_o must_v ever_o have_v respect_n unto_o this_o qualification_n but_o as_o concern_v such_o a_o right_a by_o occupation_n there_o be_v a_o ancient_a and_o very_a famous_a decision_n make_v in_o a_o controversy_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o the_o people_n of_o andria_n and_o chalcidia_n both_o of_o they_o be_v upon_o a_o expedition_n against_o thrace_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o graec._n new_a habitation_n news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o barbarous_a people_n have_v quit_v the_o town_n of_o acanthus_n hereupon_o two_o man_n be_v choose_v and_o send_v out_o as_o spy_n the_o one_o be_v of_o andria_n the_o other_o of_o chalcidia_n who_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o enemy_n flight_n begin_v both_o to_o run_v and_o strive_v which_o of_o they_o shall_v first_o reach_v and_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n thus_o forsake_v it_o happen_v that_o he_o of_o chalcidia_n outrun_v but_o the_o man_n of_o andria_n dart_v a_o javelin_n stick_v it_o in_o the_o gate_n this_o cry_v out_o he_o get_v thither_o first_o with_o his_o javelin_n but_o the_o other_o that_o he_o be_v first_o with_o his_o body_n a_o controversy_n happen_v hereupon_o the_o erythraean_n samian_o and_o parian_o be_v call_v to_o decide_v it_o the_o andrian_o have_v most_o voice_n for_o the_o samian_o and_o erythraean_o give_v judgement_n for_o they_o but_o the_o parian_o be_v for_o the_o man_n of_o chalcidia_n the_o reason_n allege_v on_o both_o side_n be_v very_o well_o describe_v by_o 21._o petrus_n aerodius_n not_o fit_a here_o to_o be_v repeat_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o those_o man_n even_o the_o person_n contend_v as_o well_o as_o the_o nation_n to_o who_o determination_n the_o matter_n be_v commit_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o place_n abandon_v and_o forsake_v become_v they_o who_o first_o acquire_v they_o by_o occupation_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o other_o ground_n in_o reason_n for_o that_o law_n or_o custom_n whereby_o wilde-beast_n fish_n bird_n and_o the_o like_a whether_o yet_o unpossessed_a or_o relinquish_v become_v they_o who_o catch_v they_o which_o be_v usual_a likewise_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o 1._o hebrew_n and_o 34._o mahometan_n as_o well_o as_o the_o christian_n but_o now_o if_o so_o be_v that_o all_o man_n be_v indifferent_o and_o without_o distinction_n lord_n of_o the_o whole_a before_o a_o division_n be_v make_v of_o some_o part_n then_o of_o necessity_n we_o must_v conceiv_v they_o all_o ought_v to_o remain_v equal_o and_o without_o distinction_n lord_n of_o those_o part_n which_o never_o come_v under_o a_o division_n even_o as_o they_o be_v before_o unless_o some_o compact_a or_o covenant_n intervene_v whereby_o all_o kind_n of_o ancient_a right_n or_o title_n of_o common_a interest_n shall_v be_v so_o renounce_v that_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o may_v afterward_o become_v particular_a master_n of_o those_o place_n which_o shall_v remain_v vacant_a or_o undisposed_a who_o shall_v first_o corporal_o seize_v they_o with_o a_o intent_n of_o possess_v hold_v use_v and_o enjoy_v nor_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v in_o the_o case_n of_o partner_n or_o coheir_n such_o as_o all_o man_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o community_n how_o those_o thing_n which_o come_v not_o under_o division_n shall_v not_o continue_v common_a as_o before_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o must_v be_v yield_v that_o some_o such_o compact_a or_o covenant_n be_v pass_v in_o the_o very_a first_o beginning_n of_o private_a dominion_n or_o possession_n and_o that_o it_o be_v in_o full_a force_n and_o virtue_n transmit_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o father_n who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o distribute_v possession_n after_o the_o flood_n so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v no_o less_o concern_v distribution_n by_o assignment_n then_o touch_v seizure_n by_o occupation_n of_o thing_n relinquish_v to_o at_o pleasure_n that_o a_o general_a compact_n or_o agreement_n be_v make_v or_o ratify_v either_o express_o in_o word_n or_o implicit_o by_o custom_n and_o true_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n 2._o who_o speak_v of_o the_o original_n of_o propriety_n say_v thing_n become_v appropriate_a not_o by_o the_o bare_a act_n or_o intent_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o some_o can_v not_o know_v what_o other_o desire_v to_o possess_v so_o as_o to_o abstain_v from_o the_o same_o and_o perhaps_o many_o may_v desire_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o by_o some_o compact_a and_o agreement_n either_o express_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o division_n or_o tacit_fw-la as_o in_o that_o of_o seizure_n or_o primarie_a occupation_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o man_n grow_v out_o of_o love_n with_o community_n and_o no_o division_n be_v yet_o appoint_v we_o must_v conceiv_o they_o agree_v all_o together_o that_o what_o every_o man_n hold_v he_o shall_v possess_v as_o his_o own_o and_o true_o there_o be_v a_o paâ—iâ—ie_n of_o reason_n also_o for_o this_o that_o any_o man_n may_v afterward_o make_v seizure_n of_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o what_o regard_n have_v be_v have_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n and_o division_n of_o thing_n chap._n v._n by_o the_o introduce_v of_o private_a dominion_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o same_o territory_n or_o field_n who_o use_n before_o be_v free_a for_o all_o man_n alike_o in_o tillage_n building_n pasturage_n cut_v of_o wood_n gather_v of_o fruit_n egress_n and_o regress_n be_v either_o by_o distribution_n or_o occupation_n so_o peculiar_o appropriate_v unto_o the_o possessor_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o hinder_v such_o a_o community_n of_o use_n and_o enjoyment_n nor_o may_v any_o other_o man_n use_v it_o lawful_o without_o his_o permission_n and_o from_o this_o original_a spring_v every_o dominion_n or_o propriety_n of_o thing_n which_o either_o by_o alienation_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o session_n be_v transfer_v upon_o other_o or_o hold_v by_o a_o continue_a possession_n respect_n be_v always_o have_v to_o those_o particular_a form_n and_o qualification_n which_o usual_o relate_v unto_o dominion_n either_o by_o law_n custom_n or_o compact_n according_a to_o the_o various_a institution_n of_o several_a people_n for_o by_o these_o the_o free_a and_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o proprietor_n in_o what_o he_o enjoie'_v be_v lessen_v
when_o it_o dive_v into_o the_o contemplation_n or_o debate_n of_o religious_a matter_n it_o have_v often_o be_v most_o deserve_o restrain_v by_o certain_a set-maxim_n principle_n and_o rule_n of_o holy_a writ_n as_o religious_a bolt_n and_o bar_n upon_o the_o soul_n lest_o it_o shall_v wantonise_v and_o wander_v either_o into_o the_o old_a error_n of_o most_o age_n and_o nation_n or_o after_o the_o new_a device_n of_o a_o ramble_a fancy_n and_o true_o such_o a_o course_n as_o this_o have_v ever_o be_v observe_v in_o religious_a government_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o humane_a and_o so_o humane_a that_o they_o reflect_v only_o upon_o matter_n of_o duty_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n and_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o any_o command_n of_o god_n of_o which_o kind_n you_o can_v so_o much_o as_o imagine_v any_o thing_n more_o plain_o to_o be_v than_o a_o distinction_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o which_o be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o man_n that_o which_o shall_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n natural_a be_v no_o less_o right_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n placart_n and_o receive_v custom_n of_o divers_a age_n and_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a than_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v what_o every_o clime_n will_v or_o will_v not_o bear_v by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o country_n shrub_n tree_n plant_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o husbandry_n for_o as_o many_o nation_n as_o have_v admit_v such_o a_o private_a dominion_n as_o we_o inquire_v after_o whether_o by_o a_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o their_o own_o or_o by_o any_o law_n common_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbor-nation_n be_v either_o to_o be_v allow_v competent_a witness_n of_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v any_o use_n of_o it_o here_o or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v say_v which_o i_o believ_n no_o man_n dream_n that_o so_o many_o and_o those_o the_o more_o famous_a nation_n have_v for_o so_o many_o age_n err_v against_o nature_n concern_v the_o law_n natural_a justinian_n say_v naturale_fw-la quod_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la populos_fw-la peraequè_fw-fr custoditur_fw-la vocatúrque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la what_o natural_a reason_n establish_v among_o all_o man_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o all_o people_n alike_o and_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o law_n which_o all_o nation_n use_v and_o caius_n domino_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la ratione_fw-la naturali_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la peraequè_fw-fr servatur_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v by_o natural_a reason_n observe_v alike_o among_o all_o man_n but_o where_o be_v all_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o yet_o discover_v how_o many_o there_o be_v much_o less_o upon_o what_o custom_n they_o have_v agree_v nor_o be_v that_o in_o any_o wise_a find_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v discover_v which_o some_o notwithstanding_o embrace_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n permissive_a what_o have_v the_o midland_n nation_n to_o do_v with_o that_o law_n concern_v the_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n at_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a britain_n sicilian_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o enslave_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o date_n as_o a_o thing_n not_o permit_v among_o christian_a nation_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v in_o use_n still_o among_o the_o mahometan_n in_o vain_a therefore_o be_v a_o rule_n and_o direction_n seek_v here_o out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n but_o especial_o see_v some_o be_v not_o want_v who_o non_fw-la foedera_fw-la legum_n ulla_n colunt_fw-la placidas_fw-la aut_fw-la jura_n tenentia_fw-la mentes_fw-la who_o neither_o league_n nor_o lawful_a compact_n bind_v nor_o law_n that_o rule_n and_o pacify_v man_n mind_n as_o he_o say_v 4._o of_o the_o bebrycian_o that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o such_o nation_n be_v express_o record_v also_o by_o 6._o aristotle_n and_o sallust_n out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o jugurthino_n hiempsal_n say_v concern_v the_o getuli_n and_o libian_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o africa_n neque_fw-la moribus_fw-la neque_fw-la lege_fw-la neque_fw-la imperio_fw-la cujusquam_fw-la regebantur_fw-la they_o be_v rule_v neither_o by_o custom_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o command_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n concern_v the_o catilinar_a aborigines_n genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la a_o rude_a sort_n of_o man_n without_o law_n without_o government_n free_a and_o dissolute_a therefore_o we_o must_v have_v recours_fw-fr hear_v unto_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o eminent_a nation_n of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n and_o of_o such_o who_o custom_n we_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o and_o among_o they_o true_o not_o only_o such_o as_o those_o very_a nation_n who_o it_o may_v chief_o concern_v here_o have_v ever_o high_o esteem_v but_o also_o those_o nation_n who_o be_v concern_v at_o present_a shall_v be_v prove_v competent_a witness_n but_o of_o the_o testimony_n that_o we_o intend_v to_o use_v there_o be_v a_o twofold_a kind_n some_o be_v those_o which_o show_v that_o a_o sovereignty_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v by_o historian_n and_o other_o writer_n almost_o in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v and_o grant_v to_o prince_n people_n and_o other_o other_o testimony_n there_o be_v which_o demonstrate_v out_o of_o lawyer_n also_o by_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o other_o particular_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n agreeable_a unto_o law_n both_o which_o we_o interweav_v as_o the_o order_n of_o thing_n direct_n we_o but_o yet_o so_o that_o what_o matter_n either_o of_o fact_n or_o law_n do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o british_a sea_n be_v whole_o pretermit_v in_o this_o collection_n of_o testimony_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o dispose_v they_o apart_o in_o the_o second_o book_n and_o so_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v very_o clear_o manifest_v together_o both_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o also_o what_o the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o last_o what_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v determine_v touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n chap._n viii_o the_o age_n out_o of_o who_o monument_n and_o action_n the_o aforesaid_a custom_n determination_n and_o decree'_v of_o people_n and_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v i_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n into_o the_o fabulous_a age_n and_o the_o historical_a but_o we_o do_v not_o according_a to_o varro_n call_v that_o fabulous_a which_o whole_o precede_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o olympiad_n but_o that_o which_o be_v obscure_v only_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a fable_n at_o least_o under_o a_o fabulous_a representation_n the_o historical_a be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v more_o ancient_a and_o comprehend'_v the_o custom_n of_o such_o empire_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o expire_v some_o age_n past_a and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v modern_a and_o shew_v the_o practice_n of_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o present_a case_n which_o be_v now_o in_o be_v but_o in_o apply_v our_o selus_fw-la unto_o the_o fabulous_a age_n we_o do_v not_o ground_n argument_n upon_o fable_n as_o they_o be_v mere_a fable_n but_o we_o manifest_a historical_a truth_n out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a historian_n though_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o mystery_n of_o heathen_a priest_n and_o poet_n for_o as_o 11._o lactantius_n say_v well_o even_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o poet_n speak_v be_v true_a but_o cover_v under_o a_o certain_a veil_n or_o figure_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v so_o veil_v the_o truth_n with_o fiction_n that_o the_o truth_n itself_o may_v not_o take_v off_o from_o the_o common_a belief_n of_o the_o people_n they_o write_v that_o in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n aforementioned_a the_o titan_n be_v subdue_v the_o brother-deity_n jupiter_n pluto_n and_o neptune_n divide_v the_o world_n by_o lot_n and_o that_o heaven_n be_v allot_v unto_o jupiter_n hell_n to_o pluto_n the_o sea_n to_o neptune_n but_o omit_v
worcester_n save_v that_o in_o florentius_n we_o read_v plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la affirmat_fw-la plato_n affirm_n to_o be_v false_o that_o after_o minos_n of_o crete_n seventeen_o nation_n of_o renown_n in_o the_o east_n succeed_v each_o other_o do_v for_o very_o many_o year_n even_o without_o intermission_n enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphylian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o continent_n or_o island_n chap._n x._o after_o the_o time_n of_o minos_n the_o cretian_a we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n and_o africanus_n no_o less_o than_o seventeen_o eastern_a nation_n part_n of_o europe_n part_n of_o asia_n who_o for_o very_a many_o year_n so_o hold_v the_o inner_a neighbour_a sea_n as_o lord_n one_o after_o another_o that_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n take_v place_n among_o they_o all_o for_o change_v by_o course_n and_o by_o length_n of_o time_n after_o long_a possession_n through_o war_n victory_n or_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o session_n they_o every_o one_o share_v their_o period_n of_o domination_n accomplish_v among_o they_o all_o above_o five_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n without_o intermission_n but_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a to_o the_o next_o which_o follow_v we_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a chronicle_n there_o fall_v out_o one_o hundred_o seventie_o five_o year_n those_o beginning_n be_v place_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o israël_n they_o which_o succeed_v be_v rank_v after_o this_o manner_n ii_o in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o lydian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n say_v 940._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o lydian_n call_v also_o maeonians_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n xcii_o year_n the_o beginning_n of_o this_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v about_o the_o time_n of_o aeneas_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o number_n of_o year_n although_o it_o have_v be_v the_o same_o both_o throughout_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o eusebius_n as_o also_o in_o his_o chronicle_n yet_o since_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o pelasgi_n which_o next_o follow_v we_o be_v sever_v by_o the_o space_n of_o cxx_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o perhaps_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v amend_v and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o cxx_o to_o be_v put_v in_o its_o place_n which_o that_o most_o excellent_a man_n isaac_n casaubon_n observe_v doubt_o also_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o polybius_n where_o he_o treat'_v very_o learned_o concern_v those_o who_o have_v have_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o east_n likewise_o marianus_n scotus_n and_o florentius_n the_o monk_n do_v mention_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lydian_n as_o also_o of_o the_o pelasgi_n without_o any_o number_n of_o year_n iii_o the_o three_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o catalogue_n be_v the_o pelasgi_n yet_o eusebius_n say_v 960._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o pelasgi_n in_o the_o second_o place_n possess_v the_o sea_n lxxxv_o year_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n of_o solomon_n and_o those_o which_o follow_v but_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thracian_n who_o immediate_o succeed_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v reckon_v here_o rather_o lv_o year_n and_o indeed_o the_o pelasgi_n be_v second_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o according_a to_o some_o you_o either_o make_v the_o lydian_n the_o first_o or_o place_v they_o the_o first_o after_o minos_n or_o the_o cretan_n for_o so_o the_o pelasgi_n be_v plain_o the_o second_o otherwise_o the_o three_o which_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o follow_a particular_n iv_o four_o the_o thracian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o lxxix_o year_n as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o 1014._o greek_a of_o eusebius_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o reckon_v above_o nineteen_o in_o jerom_n translation_n but_o isaac_n casaubon_n be_v of_o opinion_n be_v induce_v thereto_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o rhodian_o who_o be_v next_o lord_n that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o lxxxix_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n follow_v the_o translation_n of_o eusebius_n account_n only_a xix_o year_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o thracian_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v more_o than_o once_o by_o they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a translation_n that_o the_o thracian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n jeroboam_n v._o five_o the_o rhodian_o hold_v the_o sea_n as_o lord_n 1100._o xxiii_o year_n and_o hereupon_o 4._o strabo_n commend'_v their_o industry_n in_o matter_n of_o navigation_n who_o say_v rhodes_n be_v sovereign_a lady_n of_o the_o sea_n a_o long_a time_n and_o suppress_v pirate_n in_o the_o latin_a of_o eusebius_n the_o rhodian_o be_v â—aid_v to_o have_v be_v the_o four_o in_o order_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o greek_a that_o they_o be_v the_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o according_a to_o some_o the_o five_o whence_o this_o difference_n arise_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v about_o the_o pelasgi_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o rhodian_o be_v most_o renown_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o the_o sea-law_n which_o be_v use_v and_o in_o full_a force_n and_o virtue_n in_o both_o the_o empire_n be_v borrow_v from_o they_o and_o put_v into_o the_o digest_v by_o justinian_n say_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n to_o eudaemon_n of_o nicomedia_n 8._o lege_fw-la rhodiorum_n decidantur_fw-la light_n nauticae_fw-la let_v suit_n about_o navigation_n be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o and_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o constantinus_n harmenopulus_n a_o 11._o judge_n of_o thessalonica_n they_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o sea-law_n that_o have_v not_o be_v lose_v they_o be_v take_v into_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n from_o the_o time_n of_o 265._o tiberius_n their_o beginning_n be_v place_v about_o the_o reign_n of_o jehosaphat_n but_o the_o rhodian_o be_v whole_o omit_v both_o by_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n vi_o six_o the_o phrygian_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n xxv_o year_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 1127._o greek_a of_o eusebius_n according_a to_o other_o xxvi_o in_o the_o latin_a we_o find_v only_a xxv_o as_o also_o in_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n but_o yet_o see_v in_o the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n the_o phrygian_n be_v for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n count_v the_o five_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n isaac_n casaubon_n i_o think_v well_o observe'_v that_o that_o number_n of_o six_o do_v not_o denote_v the_o year_n but_o the_o order_n of_o dominion_n this_o lordship_n be_v reckon_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lycurgus_n vii_o seventhly_o the_o cyprian_n possess_v the_o sea_n as_o some_o say_v xxiii_o year_n according_a to_o other_o xxxi_o for_o this_o be_v find_v in_o some_o 1549._o edition_n of_o jerom_n translation_n of_o eusebius_n that_o in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n compile_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o eusebius_n and_o jerom._n but_o neither_o in_o the_o greek_a copy_n of_o eusebius_n which_o be_v extant_a nor_o in_o the_o translation_n set_v forth_o by_o joseph_n scaliger_n be_v any_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o cyprian_n nor_o true_o in_o the_o account_n of_o isaac_n casaubon_n this_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o joas_n viii_o eightly_o the_o phaenician_o possess_v the_o sea_n so_o eusebius_n marianus_n and_o florentius_n save_v that_o they_o make_v they_o the_o seven_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o different_a manner_n of_o account_n which_o have_v be_v show_v you_o touch_v their_o dominion_n the_o holy_a scripture_n themselves_o speak_v plain_o enough_o which_o also_o we_o have_v note_v before_o in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v the_o divine_a law_n the_o memorial_n of_o this_o dominion_n be_v place_v about_o the_o reign_n of_o uzziah_n king_n of_o judah_n also_o this_o nation_n of_o the_o phaenician_o become_v renown_v for_o their_o skill_n in_o navigation_n as_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o pliny_n and_o other_o and_o heretofore_o perhaps_o that_o aught_o to_o be_v refer_v which_o be_v deliver_v by_o antipater_n tarsensis_n and_o manaseas_n two_o ancient_a writer_n touch_v gatâ—â—_n queen_n of_o the_o syrian_n who_o themselves_o also_o be_v phenician_n who_o they_o will_v have_v therefore_o to_o be_v call_v atergatis_n because_o as_o antipater_n say_v she_o set_v forth_o a_o edict_n 8._o that_o none_o shall_v eat_v fish_n without_o gatis_n or_o as_o manaseas_n say_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v eat_v fish_n without_o her_o licence_n and_o permission_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v bring_v the_o fish_n they_o catch_v unto_o she_o that_o which_o they_o hold_v concern_v the_o original_a of_o
reckon_v rather_o among_o the_o province_n of_o the_o continent_n the_o sea_n lie_v between_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o one_o continue_a territory_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o that_o also_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n who_o notwithstanding_o use_v to_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o in_o our_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n the_o same_o ulpian_n also_o in_o another_o place_n say_v injuriis_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la i_o prohibet_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr piscari_fw-la vel_fw-la everriculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n forbid_v i_o to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o draw_v a_o drag_v net_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d may_v i_o sue_v he_o or_o no_o at_o law_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n some_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o i_o may_v sue_v he_o upon_o a_o trespass_n so_o pomponius_n and_o many_o other_o say_v he_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o he_o that_o hinder_v one_o to_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o to_o sit_v in_o a_o public_a theatre_n or_o to_o act_v sit_v and_o conver_n in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o put_v case_n there_o be_v any_o one_o that_o permit_n i_o not_o to_o use_v that_o which_o be_v my_o own_o but_o the_o ancient_n allow_v a_o interdict_v to_o he_o that_o hire_v the_o sea_n if_o so_o be_v he_o hire_v it_o in_o a_o public_a manner_n for_o force_n by_o that_o interdict_v be_v allow_v that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v what_o he_o have_v hire_v therefore_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o people_n be_v reckon_v among_o public_a thing_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n after_o another_o manner_n then_o public_a bath_n theatre_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o what_o do_v to_o hire_v in_o a_o public_a manner_n signify_v in_o this_o place_n but_o to_o become_v a_o hire_a or_o conductor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o people_n be_v lord_n thereof_o and_o letter_n or_o locator_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n do_v affirm_v that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v let_v for_o rent_n or_o hire_v which_o may_v not_o so_o belong_v to_o one_o man_n that_o can_v not_o be_v another_o but_o because_o public_a place_n by_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o 2._o private_a person_n therefore_o pomponius_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o may_v have_v be_v here_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o you_o do_v nothing_o in_o a_o public_a place_n or_o cast_v any_o thing_n into_o it_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v endamage_v hereupon_o ulpian_n say_v 9_o against_o that_o man_n who_o have_v cast_v a_o dam_n or_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o interdict_v be_v allow_v he_o who_o perhaps_o may_v be_v endamage_v thereby_o but_o if_o no_o man_n sustain_v damage_n he_o be_v to_o be_v defend_v who_o build's_n upon_o the_o shore_n or_o cast_v a_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o any_o man_n be_v hinder_v from_o fish_v or_o navigation_n by_o sea_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o interdict_v nor_o he_o likewise_o who_o may_v he_o restrain_v from_o play_v in_o the_o common_a field_n or_o from_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o from_o be_v a_o spectator_n in_o a_o theatre_n but_o in_o all_o these_o case_n he_o must_v use_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n therefore_o a_o prohibitorie_n interdict_v or_o decree_n be_v to_o be_v use_v when_o dam_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o when_o damage_n be_v do_v to_o a_o theatre_n bath_n court_n or_o any_o public_a place_n whatsoëver_o to_o these_o thing_n which_o manifest_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n be_v the_o sea_n every_o way_n compare_v even_o by_o ulpian_n himself_o there_o be_v also_o the_o same_o account_n make_v of_o the_o shore_n and_o sea_n rer._n by_o those_o that_o speak_v for_o a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v they_o say_v to_o be_v less_o common_a by_o 7._o some_o who_o treat_v of_o they_o apart_o as_o by_o neratius_n and_o ulpianus_n but_o loco_fw-la celsus_n say_v i_o think_v those_o shore_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n over_o which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v dominion_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o there_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o that_o the_o pile_n cast_v into_o it_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o cast_v they_o be_v plain_o qualify_v and_o manifest_o restrain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v where_o celsus_n say_v that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v in_o case_n the_o use_n of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v the_o worse_a certain_o if_o the_o former_a word_n be_v mean_v of_o such_o a_o community_n or_o enjoyment_n common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a permit_v the_o dominion_n or_o propriety_n of_o a_o particular_a person_n what_o mean_n that_n then_o that_o the_o use_n may_v become_v the_o worse_a for_o if_o a_o place_n shall_v become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o do_v possess_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o have_v before_o be_v possess_v by_o no_o man_n and_o no_o regard_n shall_v be_v have_v here_o of_o the_o dominion_n or_o right_n of_o another_o than_o it_o will_v be_v no_o less_o lawful_a for_o he_o that_o shall_v possess_v it_o to_o make_v the_o use_n thereof_o the_o worse_a to_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o himself_o then_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v settle_v in_o a_o field_n that_o never_o be_v seize_v yet_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o therefore_o celsus_n will_v have_v the_o shore_n and_o sea_n so_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o as_o serve_v the_o use_n of_o all_o private_a person_n and_o that_o as_o have_v be_v say_v according_a to_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n and_o such_o qualification_n as_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o like_a can_v not_o without_o injury_n be_v make_v worse_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonweal_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v scevola_n publico_fw-la that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n man_n may_v build_v upon_o the_o shore_n if_o the_o public_a concernment_n do_v not_o hinder_v and_o aristo_n divisione_n quod_fw-la mari_n occupatum_fw-la est_fw-la fit_a publicum_fw-la that_o which_o be_v possess_v in_o the_o sea_n becom'_v public_a it_o pass_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o so_o the_o word_n publicum_fw-la public_a do_v signify_v which_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n not_o equal_o common_a to_o all_o man_n by_o who_o also_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o that_o since_o call_v public_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o lawyer_n as_o the_o transcript_n of_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o the_o writing_n of_o historian_n orator_n and_o poet_n that_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v chap._n xv._o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o public_a patrimony_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o a_o private_a dominion_n be_v prove_v no_o less_o then_o in_o that_o of_o particular_a person_n moreover_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o roman_a custom_n very_o ample_a testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o a_o propriety_n in_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v instate_v also_o on_o particular_a man_n such_o to_o who_o either_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n demise_v rent_a or_o make_v a_o grant_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o sea_n within_o the_o empire_n the_o rich_a and_o more_o magnificent_a sort_n
rule_n for_o limitation_n become_v useless_a after_o a_o ten_o year_n prescription_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n improve_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n by_o these_o as_o by_o other_o commodity_n which_o profit_n arise_v from_o those_o entry_n be_v usual_o style_v by_o the_o eastern_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o may_v be_v translate_v locarium_fw-la for_o the_o price_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o hire_v of_o a_o stall_n shop_n or_o farm_n be_v call_v in_o 1._o latin_a locarium_fw-la so_o that_o we_o see_v private_a person_n raise_v their_o topiatica_n or_o locaria_fw-la that_o be_v their_o rent_n out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n and_o out_o of_o those_o rent_n they_o pay_v to_o the_o prince_n a_o yearly_a tribute_n amount_v to_o no_o inconsiderable_a sum_n as_o be_v show_v before_o levy_v upon_o that_o account_n so_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n not_o only_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n but_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o private_a person_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v ratify_v by_o authority_n of_o public_a decree_n enact_v it_o and_o repeal_n as_o unjust_a whatsoëver_n gainsay_v it_o it_o be_v in_o use_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n above_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n for_o so_o many_o be_v reckon_v to_o the_o take_n of_o constantinople_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a decree_n of_o leo_n which_o concern_v not_o only_o bosphorus_n in_o thracia_n the_o hellespont_n the_o aegean_a and_o the_o narrow_a sea_n but_o all_o those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historical_a age_n or_o that_o which_o contain_n the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o common-weal_n that_o be_v long_o since_o exspire_v touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o genova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoëse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n chap._n xvi_o if_o we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o late_a time_n or_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v in_o high_a repute_n and_o authority_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v more_o clear_o illustrate_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n then_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o the_o most_o noble_a common-weal_n of_o venice_n have_v enjoy_v for_o so_o many_o age_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v every_o where_o attest_v and_o acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o historian_n and_o chorographer_n but_o by_o very_a many_o lawyer_n injuriis_fw-la bartolus_n baldus_n angelus_n and_o a_o company_n of_o above_o thirty_o the_o most_o eminent_a among_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v mis-reckoned_n by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la who_o say_v he_o count_v so_o many_o in_o that_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o liberius_n vincentius_n write_v some_o year_n ago_o in_o defence_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o venetian_n over_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o answer_n to_o johannes_n baptista_n valenzola_n a_o spaniard_n and_o laurentius_n motinus_fw-la a_o roman_a who_o as_o he_o say_v to_o gratify_v the_o duke_n of_o ossuna_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n who_o creature_n they_o be_v write_v against_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o sea_n venice_n be_v common_o style_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o queen_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n though_o the_o controversy_n about_o its_o bound_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v and_o 1._o sannazarius_n write_v thus_o of_o this_o city_n viderat_fw-la adriacis_n venetam_fw-la neptunus_n in_o undis_fw-la stare_n urbem_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la ponere_fw-la jura_fw-la mari._n neptune_n see_v venice_n in_o the_o gulf_n to_o stand_v of_o adria_n and_o all_o the_o sea_n command_n nor_o do_v this_o dominion_n arise_v from_o any_o jurisdiction_n or_o protection_n over_o the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o frequent_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v imagine_v by_o some_o miserable_o 36._o carry_v away_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n so_o often_o affirm_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v commnn_v to_o all_o man_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o qualify_a dominion_n as_o say_v angelus_n matthaeacius_n professor_n at_o milan_n but_o this_o sea_n do_v so_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o other_o to_o use_v or_o enjoie_v the_o same_o without_o their_o permission_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v right_a to_o prohibit_v any_o to_o pass_v to_o impose_v custom_n upon_o those_o who_o they_o permit_v to_o do_v any_o other_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o raise_n of_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n out_o of_o the_o water_n as_o any_o man_n may_v do_v in_o his_o proper_a possession_n by_o land_n as_o concern_v navigation_n in_o that_o sea_n that_o it_o may_v be_v prohibit_v at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o by_o approve_a right_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o many_o lawyer_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v say_v injuriis_fw-la angelus_n de_fw-fr ubaldis_n but_o the_o venetian_n and_o their_o signiory_n for_o very_o many_o age_n have_v be_v and_o be_v in_o possession_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a gulf_n wherefore_o the_o venetian_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o ancient_a possession_n which_o they_o have_v have_v so_o long_o and_o do_v yet_o enjoie_v may_v by_o put_v a_o restriction_n into_o the_o form_n of_o their_o covenant_n hinder_v the_o genoëse_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoëver_o that_o shall_v offer_v to_o sail_v through_o their_o gulf._n the_o same_o saâ—e_v other_o also_o quote_v by_o 8._o benevenutus_fw-la straccha_n 14._o antonius_n peregrinus_n 26._o marta_n neopolitanus_n adriatici_n julius_n pacius_n illustr_n mantua_n patavinus_n jure_fw-la franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la and_o fulgentius_n monachus_n venetus_n who_o all_o have_v write_v more_o particular_o and_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o there_o be_v example_n to_o be_v produce_v which_o show_n how_o prince_n as_o well_o neighbour_n as_o other_o have_v make_v it_o their_o suit_n to_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n to_o obtain_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o that_o sea_n which_o sometime_o be_v grant_v and_o sometime_o deny_v in_o the_o year_n 1399_o december_n 12._o radulphus_fw-la earl_n of_o otranto_n make_v a_o request_n to_o that_o state_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o uladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n that_o leave_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n with_o galley_n and_o other_o ship_n to_o convey_v the_o sister_n of_o the_o king_n out_o of_o apulia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o archduke_n her_o husband_n which_o the_o republic_n grant_v but_o with_o this_o condition_n that_o no_o person_n that_o have_v be_v banish_v from_o venice_n or_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o capital_a crime_n against_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v take_v aboard_o those_o ship_n which_o the_o austrian_n embarking_a at_o trieste_n faithful_o observe_v both_o in_o their_o voyage_n and_o in_o their_o return_n there_o be_v extant_a also_o two_o letter_n 19_o wherein_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1478_o and_o 1479_o desire_n be_v of_o giovanni_n mocenigo_n duke_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o the_o state_n that_o leave_v may_v be_v grant_v he_o to_o transport_v corn_n from_o apulia_n through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n write_v to_o the_o same_o duke_n from_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n and_o this_o they_o entreat_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a favour_n for_o which_o they_o shall_v acknowledge_v themselves_o oblige_v mathias_n king_n of_o hungary_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o duke_n mocenigo_n date_a 1482._o write_v that_o whereas_o the_o state_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o frangipanis_n and_o zenga_n and_o other_o who_o territory_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n every_o year_n to_o transport_v a_o certain_a store_n of_o corn_n from_o apulia_n through_o that_o sea_n he_o desire_n be_v that_o the_o same_o liberty_n may_v be_v vouchsafe_v to_o himself_o who_o have_v now_o succeed_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o very_a same_o country_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o right_n which_o the_o venetian_n have_v to_o impose_v custom_n on_o passenger_n as_o travel_v through_o their_o peculiar_a territory_n there_o be_v frequent_a testimony_n among_o the_o lawyer_n foenore_fw-la salicetus_fw-la mention_v a_o decree_n of_o the_o venetian_n that_o all_o who_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n shall_v bring_v in_o their_o merchandise_n to_o
forbid_v man_n passage_n in_o the_o common_a road_n without_o some_o just_a cause_n which_o must_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o imperial_a diet_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v wrest_v by_o some_o to_o prove_v a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n at_o sea_n for_o that_o happen_v by_o a_o particular_a law_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o themselves_o also_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o diet_n but_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v under_o several_a and_o distinct_a sovereignty_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v any_o such_o agreement_n that_o there_o shall_v always_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o passage_n to_o and_o fro_o nor_o have_v they_o like_o the_o germanet_fw-la and_o other_o within_o their_o dominion_n refer_v themselves_o unto_o a_o umpire_n to_o determine_v the_o business_n a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a chap._n xxi_o but_o they_o say_v that_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o unfit_a for_o private_a dominion_n both_o because_o it_o be_v ever_o in_o motion_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a remain_n the_o same_o as_o also_o because_o a_o convenient_a matter_n as_o well_o as_o instrument_n be_v want_v therein_o to_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o bound_n without_o which_o private_a dominion_n can_v well_o consist_v yea_o and_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a and_o spacious_a body_n it_o be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o all_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o fluid_a nature_n be_v not_o river_n and_o fountain_n much_o more_o in_o a_o perpetual_a flux_n or_o motion_n rivers_z always_o run_v forward_o wherewith_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v it_o seem_v to_o stand_v immovable_a as_o say_v 1._o strabo_n and_o â—_o eustathius_n say_v that_o homer_n therefore_o call_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n because_o it_o run_v not_o forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o be_v very_a stable_n and_o 1._o another_o say_v the_o sea_n stand_v without_o motion_n as_o it_o be_v some_o dull_a heap_n of_o matter_n that_o nature_n can_v not_o bring_v to_o perfection_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o fluid_a as_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o the_o most_o northern_o sea_n and_o channel_n yet_o certain_o the_o channel_n and_o place_n out_o of_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v remain_v ever_o the_o same_o though_o the_o water_n themselves_o do_v shift_n and_o change_v continual_o nor_o yet_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o right_n of_o private_a dominion_n over_o river_n be_v any_o whit_n prejudice_v thereby_o in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n rivers_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a use_n yet_o they_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o emperor_n be_v etc._n private_a patrimony_n and_o among_o the_o right_n or_o royalty_n belong_v to_o his_o exchequer_n so_o that_o either_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o by_o his_o grant_n have_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o yearly_a revenue_n out_o of_o the_o fishery_n in_o they_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o of_o lombardy_n and_o other_o particular_a people_n throughout_o italy_n enjoie_v all_o the_o river_n of_o their_o territory_n as_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o by_o prescription_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 31._o caepola_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o common_a than_o a_o assert_v of_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o river_n as_o well_o as_o their_o bank_n in_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n france_n poland_n and_o venice_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o custom_n be_v know_v to_o we_o nor_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v this_o objection_n fetch_v it_o from_o the_o fluid_a constitution_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o any_o difference_n in_o nature_n between_o a_o great_a and_o a_o lesser_a a_o private_a and_o a_o public_a river_n even_o â—luminibus_fw-la ulpian_n himself_o concern_v river_n say_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o private_a river_n and_o other_o private_a place_n and_o usucapionibus_fw-la martianus_n if_o a_o man_n have_v fish_v all_o alone_a many_o year_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o a_o public_a river_n he_o may_v hinder_v any_o other_o from_o use_v the_o same_o liberty_n moreover_o oftentimes_o heretofore_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n rivers_n be_v make_v over_o as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n assign_v agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n say_v in_o some_o country_n even_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v assign_v out_o by_o measure_n but_o in_o some_o the_o subcesive_a or_o remanent_fw-la part_n only_o be_v leave_v out_o unassign_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v except_v out_o from_o the_o part_n assign_v as_o belong_v still_o only_o to_o the_o river_n itself_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o agrorum_fw-la aggenus_n urbicus_n for_o it_o be_v never_o conceive_v that_o the_o river_n be_v otherwise_o acquire_v by_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n then_o the_o adjoin_a land_n accord_v to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n danubius_n speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n 4._o danubius_n penitis_n caput_fw-la occultatus_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la totus_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrâ_fw-la jam_fw-la ditione_n fluo_fw-la et_fw-la quà _fw-la dives_fw-la aquis_fw-la scythico_n solvo_fw-la ostia_fw-la ponto_n omnia_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrum_fw-la flumina_fw-la mitto_fw-la jugum_n danubius_n i_o who_o fountain_n few_o do_v know_v now_o whole_o under_o your_o dominion_n flow_v and_o when_o full-charged_a run_v to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n i_o make_v all_o river_n to_o you_o tribute_n pay_v we_o know_v that_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o a_o river_n as_o also_o a_o channel_n that_o be_v desert_v be_v even_o by_o ancient_a custom_n insula_fw-la common_a to_o such_o as_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o any_o river_n do_v possess_v land_n that_o be_v not_o limit_v that_o be_v to_o say_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n or_o possession_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o special_a law_n or_o custom_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o touch_v the_o division_n of_o such_o a_o island_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o several_a land_n situate_v near_o one_o bank_n or_o both_o bartolus_n in_o tiberiade_n have_v write_v long_o since_o but_o of_o late_a time_n joannes_n buteo_n baptista_n aymus_n antonius_n maria_n joannes_n gryphiander_n and_o other_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n a_o propriety_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o the_o river_n even_o of_o that_o which_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a and_o common_a use_n as_o well_o as_o of_o a_o field_n that_o have_v a_o common_a thoroughfare_a be_v common_a before_o to_o the_o owner_n that_o have_v land_n lie_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n almost_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o any_o sea_n that_o never_o be_v possess_v by_o any_o and_o whatsoêver_o shall_v be_v build_v upon_o it_o become_v his_o that_o first_o enter_v it_o by_o occupation_n for_o the_o channel_n and_o that_o sea_n at_o first_o belong_v to_o all_o man_n in_o general_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o universal_a compact_n or_o agreement_n before_o mention_v whereby_o thing_n not_o yet_o possess_v be_v to_o become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o enjoie_v they_o by_o occupation_n he_o that_o shall_v so_o possess_v they_o by_o occupation_n receive_v the_o island_n and_o building_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o surrender_n of_o right_n from_o former_a owner_n see_v therefore_o that_o a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o rivers_n have_v be_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v why_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v acknowledge_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o there_o may_v be_v owner_n of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o since_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o water_n can_v no_o more_o hinder_v a_o dominion_n in_o the_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o yea_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v only_o lesser_a sea_n as_o also_o the_o fen_n and_o lake_n even_o as_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o its_o fluid_a constitution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o river_n fen_n or_o lake_n differ_v only_o in_o bigness_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o the_o very_a story_n of_o the_o creation_n all_o the_o gather_n together_o of_o the_o water_n be_v call_v sea_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v also_o by_o the_o 6._o father_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v also_o very_o eminent_a example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n touch_v the_o two_o lake_n of_o asphaltites_n and_o tiberias_n both_o which_o be_v equal_o call_v sea_n asphaltites_n be_v by_o pliny_n ptolemy_n josephus_n solinus_n and_o vitruvius_n term_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o moses_n 3._o the_o salt_n sea_n and_o by_o most_o of_o the_o late_a writer_n the_o dead_a sea_n tiberias_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o
lie_v and_o after_o she_o have_v say_v that_o she_o come_v to_o claim_v a_o public_a gift_n she_o add'_v quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la detis_fw-la supplex_fw-la peto_fw-la which_o notwithstanding_o i_o humble_o beg_v you_o will_v bestow_v nothing_o in_o that_o place_n oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o of_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoëver_o whereto_o that_o say_n of_o ennius_n may_v have_v relation_n 1._o nihilo_fw-la minùs_fw-la ipsi_fw-la lucet_fw-la quum_fw-la illi_fw-la accenderit_fw-la his_o own_o light_n be_v not_o the_o less_o when_o he_o have_v lend_v light_n to_o another_o and_o as_o cicero_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n seem_v common_a to_o man_n which_o community_n notwithstanding_o derogate_n nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o dominion_n here_o in_o question_n unless_o any_o will_v be_v so_o unadvised_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o law_n of_o friendship_n wherein_o philosopher_n say_v all_o thing_n be_v common_a with_o those_o of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n may_v overthrow_v private_a dominion_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o more_o weight_n in_o that_o which_o be_v object_v out_o of_o virgil._n what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n virgil_n or_o ilioneus_n speak_v of_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n say_v that_o the_o water_n be_v open_a to_o all_o ergò_fw-la by_o law_n the_o water_n must_v lie_v open_a at_o all_o time_n to_o all_o man_n a_o very_a trifle_a argument_n there_o be_v no_o land_n that_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o first_o distribution_n of_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o remain_v open_a to_o all_o before_o it_o come_v under_o particular_a possession_n but_o in_o that_o passage_n of_o virgil_n there_o be_v no_o demand_n make_v of_o right_o but_o only_o a_o office_n of_o humanity_n request_v from_o the_o king_n of_o latium_n yea_o and_o a_o promise_v make_v of_o recompense_n say_v non_fw-la erimus_fw-la regno_fw-la indecores_fw-la nec_fw-la vestra_fw-la feretur_fw-la 7._o fama_fw-la levis_fw-la 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controversy_n be_v not_o about_o a_o straight_a or_o creek_n in_o this_o ocean_n nor_o of_o so_o much_o as_o be_v within_o view_v when_o one_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a far_o also_o speak_v of_o prescription_n he_o say_v 7._o it_o be_v to_o be_v add_v that_o their_o authority_n who_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o question_n for_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n we_o of_o the_o ocean_n they_o of_o a_o creek_n or_o bay_n we_o of_o the_o broad_a and_o wide_a sea_n which_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o the_o point_n of_o occupation_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o must_v conceiv_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o possess_v the_o whole_a ocean_n though_o if_o it_o can_v be_v hold_v by_o occupation_n like_o a_o narrow_a sea_n or_o a_o creek_n or_o as_o
divine_a natural_a or_o of_o nation_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v so_o oppose_v the_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v be_v admit_v by_o every_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o so_o that_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n whatsoëver_o may_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n touch_v the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n ii_o the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n chap._n i._n have_v make_v it_o evident_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n whether_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o divine_a or_o natural_a or_o any_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoëver_o it_o remain_n next_o that_o we_o discourse_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o sea_n encompass_v it_o about_o and_o of_o those_o large_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v wherein_o this_o method_n be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o premise_v both_o the_o distribution_n and_o various_a appellation_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v show_v from_o all_o antiquity_n down_o to_o our_o time_n without_o interruption_n that_o those_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o frequent_a alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n have_v reign_v here_o whether_o britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o so_o the_o follow_a king_n each_o one_o according_a to_o the_o various_a latitude_n of_o his_o empire_n have_v enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o perpetual_a occupation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o use_v and_o enjoy_v it_o as_o their_o own_o after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n as_o a_o undoubted_a portion_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n or_o of_o some_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o have_v rule_v it_o or_o as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o this_o land_n last_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v have_v a_o peculiar_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n over_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o as_o a_o bind_v not_o bound_v their_o empire_n but_o to_o borrow_v the_o term_n use_v by_o surveior_n of_o land_n as_o bound_v by_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o over_o the_o island_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n which_o they_o possess_v about_o it_o the_o sea_n encompass_v great_a britain_n which_o in_o general_a we_o term_v the_o british_a sea_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o vergivian_n sea_n which_o also_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o deucaledonian_n where_o it_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o this_o vergivian_n wherein_o ireland_n be_v situate_a the_o irish_a sea_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o part_n call_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o britannia_fw-la scythian_a vale_n but_o now_o the_o channel_n of_o s_o t_o george_n so_o that_o as_o well_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n as_o that_o which_o flowe'_v between_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n for_o not_o only_o this_o which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v great_a britain_n and_o sometime_o simple_o the_o aegyptiacà _fw-la great_a island_n but_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n be_v term_v britanniae_fw-la so_o that_o many_o time_n albion_n and_o ireland_n be_v equal_o call_v british_n isle_n and_o britannides_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o strabo_n ptolemy_n marcianus_n heracleötes_n pliny_n eustathius_n upon_o dionysius_n afer_n and_o other_o moreover_o ireland_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d little_a britain_n and_o say_v ethelward_o a_o ancient_a writer_n 4._o they_o go_v to_o ireland_n call_v heretofore_o britannides_n by_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar._n perhaps_o he_o have_v a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n of_o julius_n caesar_n book_n for_o in_o none_o of_o his_o commentary_n which_o we_o use_v be_v ireland_n call_v by_o that_o name_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o 7._o learned_a man_n that_o that_o book_n have_v be_v maim_v and_o alter_v by_o one_o julius_n celsus_n who_o name_n we_o find_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o manuscript_n copies_n towards_o the_o north_n this_o sea_n be_v name_v the_o northern_a caledonian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n wherein_o lie_v scatter_v the_o orcades_n island_n thule_n and_o other_o which_o be_v call_v the_o british_a or_o albionian_a isle_n yea_o and_o 218._o britannides_n give_v name_n to_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o indeed_o thule_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v island_n other_o and_o that_o with_o most_o reason_n do_v conceiv_o it_o to_o be_v the_o big_a of_o the_o 850._o shetland_n or_o zetland_n isle_n call_v â—hilensel_n by_o the_o dimensione_n seaman_n and_o some_o there_o be_v again_o that_o think_v otherwise_o be_v of_o old_a not_o only_o term_v a_o british_a isle_n but_o also_o by_o some_o express_o place_v in_o britain_n itself_o mahumedes_n acharranides_n a_o arabian_a call_v likewise_o aracensis_n and_o albategnius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n who_o live_v above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n ago_o say_v 6._o some_o observe_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n towards_o the_o north_n have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o isle_n thule_n which_o be_v in_o britain_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v xx_o â—ours_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ptolemy_n and_o his_o â—ollowers_n who_o by_o draw_v a_o line_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o thule_n or_o the_o shetland_n isle_n through_o 63_o degree_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o northern_a latitude_n have_v set_v it_o down_o for_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o habitable_a world_n yea_o and_o some_o have_v use_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n for_o britain_n itself_o or_o england_n in_o time_n past_a the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v trusty_a guard_n call_v barrangi_n constant_o attend_v his_o person_n who_o be_v take_v out_o of_o england_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o 2._o nicetas_n choniates_n and_o codinus_n also_o who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o palace_n constantinop_n write_v that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o salute_v the_o emperor_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o in_o the_o story_n of_o 2._o anna_n comnena_n the_o daughter_n of_o alexius_n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o island_n of_o thule_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o the_o island_n either_o know_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o this_o northern_a sea_n be_v at_o length_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o british_a the_o utmost_a bound_n whereof_o as_o also_o of_o thule_n itself_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v to_o reach_v unto_o 67_o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o albategnius_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o look_n towards_o spain_n say_v 6._o there_o be_v xii_o british_a isle_n in_o it_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o beyond_o these_o it_o be_v not_o habitable_a and_o how_o far_o it_o stretch_v be_v unknown_a have_v make_v this_o preparation_n than_o we_o treat_v first_o concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n next_o touch_v a_o dominion_n of_o that_o kind_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o rule_v here_o continual_o and_o necessary_o accompany_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n afterward_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o other_o who_o enjoy_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o britain_n before_o the_o norman_n invasion_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n last_o according_a to_o the_o fourfold_a division_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n we_o set_v forth_o the_o ancient_a occupation_n together_o with_o the_o long_a and_o continue_a possession_n of_o every_o sea_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o norman_n time_n whereby_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a dominion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n may_v be_v draw_v down_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o twine_a thread_n until_o our_o own_o time_n moreover_o see_v both_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n do_v stretch_v to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n this_o to_o america_n that_o not_o only_o to_o island_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n but_o to_o part_n utter_o unknown_a and_o
sea_n for_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n and_o territory_n thus_o canutus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o king_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o he_o himself_o also_o sufficient_o declare_v when_o he_o express_o affirm_v in_o what_o be_v before_o relate_v that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v under_o his_o dominion_n and_o so_o much_o for_o testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o british_a sea_n have_v be_v possess_v not_o only_o by_o the_o britain_n after_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o roman_a yoke_n but_o also_o by_o the_o english-saxon_a and_o danish_a king_n moreover_o it_o seem_v they_o do_v use_v to_o take_v a_o kind_n of_o course_n for_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preservation_n of_o their_o dominion_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o the_o ancient_a german_n of_o who_o both_o dane_n and_o saxon_n be_v a_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o midland_n city_n among_o they_o say_v 6._o caesar_z it_o be_v the_o high_a glory_n to_o make_v very_o large_a depopulation_n and_o lay_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o they_o waste_v measure_v their_o honour_n by_o their_o distance_n from_o any_o neighbour_n and_o account_v it_o the_o only_a token_n of_o valour_n when_o none_o dare_v plant_v themselves_o within_o their_o reach_n and_o beside_o they_o think_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o render_v themselves_o more_o secure_a by_o remove_v the_o fear_n of_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n so_o it_o have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o that_o at_o any_o time_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n to_o extend_v their_o dominion_n in_o the_o circumambient_a sea_n to_o the_o large_a circuit_n scour_v the_o sea_n about_o and_o keep_v other_o nation_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o wall_n or_o precinct_n of_o the_o island_n nor_o be_v those_o german_a city_n more_o master_n of_o that_o waste_n part_n of_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v about_o they_o than_o the_o king_n be_v of_o britain_n be_v over_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o as_o we_o observe_v before_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v of_o the_o norwegian_n or_o norman_n for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n that_o those_o british_a isle_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o west_n and_o northern_a sea_n be_v sometime_o so_o possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o also_o by_o the_o norwegian_n and_o such_o other_o as_o infest_a the_o northern_a sea_n and_o invade_v the_o isle_n lie_v between_o they_o and_o britain_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o also_o according_a to_o the_o various_a alteration_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o land_n succeed_v one_o another_o for_o that_o interval_n of_o time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o as_o a_o appendant_a to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o shore_n of_o britain_n the_o scot_n say_v a_o normannis_fw-la unknown_a author_n speak_v of_o the_o year_n dcccxlvi_o for_o many_o year_n become_v tributary_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o without_o any_o resistance_n enter_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o the_o isle_n lie_v round_o about_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o naval_a affair_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o our_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o passage_n to_o be_v see_v in_o regino_n the_o abbot_n aimoinus_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v sufficient_o manifest_a that_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tumultuary_a &_o unsettle_a posture_n of_o affair_n in_o those_o day_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o island_n itself_o be_v very_o often_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o so_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n attempt_v disturb_v invade_v recover_v and_o defend_v as_o that_o which_o do_v inseparable_o follow_v the_o dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o in_o the_o french_a history_n there_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o passage_n that_o speak_v of_o their_o naval_a power_n in_o this_o age_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o 7._o popelinerius_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v gather_v from_o they_o that_o may_v set_v forth_o the_o least_o sign_n or_o shadow_n of_o a_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n very_o few_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o such_o as_o either_o concern_v only_o the_o defend_v the_o mouth_n of_o their_o river_n against_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n than_o rove_a up_o and_o down_o our_o sea_n or_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o friezlander_n and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n whereunto_o also_o some_o other_o passage_n relate_v which_o we_o shall_v mention_v by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n chap._n xiii_o follow_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o our_o enquirie_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n since_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n our_o discourse_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o the_o opposite_a shore_n or_o havens_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n now_o whereas_o it_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o all_o dominion_n be_v chief_o found_v upon_o just_a possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o its_o continuance_n and_o that_o possession_n be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o act_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o body_n single_o and_o apart_o as_o possessione_n paulus_n long_o since_o have_v well_o determine_v but_o be_v most_o firm_o get_v and_o retain_v by_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n whereupon_o it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o retinendâ_fw-la civil_a that_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_a or_o title_n by_o law_n and_o natural_a or_o corporal_a and_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o dominion_n receiv_v a_o signal_n confirmation_n by_o a_o long_a continue_a assent_n a_o free_a and_o public_a confession_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o such_o neighbour_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v first_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o corporal_n or_o natural_a possession_n of_o this_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o be_v civil_a or_o by_o law_n and_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o shall_v give_v you_o very_o ample_a testimony_n since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o will_v show_v how_o this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v by_o those_o foreign_a or_o neighbor-nation_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v but_o forasmuch_o as_o what_o we_o shall_v thus_o speak_v of_o the_o english_a sea_n in_o general_n will_v chief_o relate_v to_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o english_a shore_n on_o one_o side_n and_o france_n and_o germany_n on_o the_o other_o we_o will_v therefore_o discourse_n several_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n of_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o scotish_n sea_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v more_o northerly_a as_o concern_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n both_o corporal_n and_o mental_a or_o civil_a continue_v for_o that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o with_o the_o like_a dominion_n arise_v and_o retain_v thereupon_o there_o be_v divers_a notable_a and_o very_a clear_a testimony_n thereof_o which_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o divide_v into_o eight_o head_n whereof_o i_o the_o custody_n government_n or_o admiralty_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n ii_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o french_a shore_n iii_o the_o leave_v of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n grant_v to_o foreiner_n upon_o request_n iu_o the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v therein_o allow_v upon_o courtesy_n to_o foreiner_n and_o neighbour_n and_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n v._o prescribe_v of_o law_n and_o limit_n to_o foreiner_n who_o be_v in_o hostility_n one_o with_o another_o but_o both_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a make_v prize_n of_o each_o other_o in_o this_o sea_n vi_o the_o record_n whereby_o this_o dominion_n be_v express_o assert_v by_o the_o by_o as_o a_o most_o undoubted_a right_n and_o that_o noâ—_n only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n when_o they_o debate_v of_o other_o matter_n vii_o the_o commentary_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n which_o do_v either_o assert_v or_o at_o
sometime_o slight_a mention_n be_v make_v not_o only_o in_o the_o proêm_n of_o some_o charter_n of_o late_a time_n but_o also_o in_o several_a ancient_a petition_n of_o the_o islander_n that_o those_o island_n belong_v heretofore_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o we_o know_v as_o well_o that_o those_o province_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v derive_v by_o inheritance_n to_o our_o king_n in_o france_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o these_o island_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v if_o they_o be_v hold_v as_o part_n of_o normandy_n be_v always_o permit_v so_o to_o use_v their_o own_o custom_n and_o ancient_a form_n of_o jurisdiction_n that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o 19_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n the_o same_o privilege_n be_v ever_o allow_v likewise_o to_o the_o people_n of_o aquitain_n anjou_n normandy_n and_o other_o yea_o and_o some_o age_n since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v please_v to_o order_n that_o such_o controversy_n as_o happen_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o island_n but_o in_o their_o own_o court_n of_o judicature_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o edward_n the_o 2d_o second_o and_o a._n three_o time_n which_o without_o doubt_n make_v good_a search_n into_o that_o right_n whereby_o those_o island_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v justice_n itinerant_a that_o be_v officer_n create_v of_o old_a who_o be_v often_o by_o ordinary_a right_n to_o take_v cognisance_n especial_o of_o the_o more_o heinous_a crime_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n also_o of_o such_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v usurp_v and_o arrogate_a by_o any_o and_o of_o other_o matter_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v into_o court_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v 16._o sometime_o also_o call_v justitiae_fw-la errantes_fw-la justice_n errant_a be_v wont_a to_o be_v send_v forth_o into_o those_o island_n as_o well_o as_o into_o the_o county_n of_o england_n though_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v indeed_o exclaim_v and_o sometime_o prefer_v their_o petition_n against_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o very_a officer_n who_o be_v themselves_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n then_o be_v that_o those_o commission_n whereby_o they_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o administer_v justice_n in_o those_o island_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o law_n which_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o those_o who_o rule_v at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o also_o that_o the_o very_a province_n of_o the_o island_n be_v so_o incorporate_v one_o with_o another_o as_o they_o be_v all_o with_o england_n throughout_o the_o extent_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o lie_v between_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o english_a custom_n in_o the_o province_n or_o country_n that_o a_o caus_n be_v sometime_o enlarge_v they_o may_v appoint_v day_n of_o appearance_n to_o any_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o island_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o other_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v within_o england_n itself_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o commission_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr scardeburgh_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scaccarii_fw-la edward_n the_o three_o and_o londinensi_fw-la other_o of_o that_o age._n but_o it_o be_v never_o hear_v i_o suppose_v that_o upon_o such_o a_o enlargement_n a_o time_n of_o appearance_n may_v by_o our_o common_a law_n be_v appoint_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o contain_v within_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n whereto_o also_o that_o place_n belong_v out_o of_o which_o any_o one_o be_v so_o adjourn_v nor_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n yet_o possess_v upon_o another_o title_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o dutchy_n of_o anjou_n normandy_n aquitain_n and_o the_o like_a moreover_o also_o in_o the_o more_o ancient_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o our_o king_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o etc._n privilege_n of_o islander_n they_o be_v note_v more_o than_o once_o for_o such_o privilege_n as_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o any_o of_o our_o progenitor_n be_v king_n of_o england_n sure_o if_o it_o have_v be_v then_o believe_v that_o those_o island_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o have_v add_v also_o or_o duke_n of_o normandy_n which_o we_o find_v true_o in_o some_o charter_n of_o 19_o late_a time_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o these_o also_o those_o isle_n be_v say_v in_o express_a term_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n to_o be_v retain_v in_o sealtie_n and_o obedience_n to_o our_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o islander_n petition_v the_o king_n in_o parliament_n for_o their_o privilege_n and_o custom_n be_v which_o have_v be_v establish_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o island_n among_o which_o be_v these_o item_n that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v question_v about_o his_o freehold_n after_o he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o writ_n take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n make_v special_a mention_n both_o of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o tenant_n item_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o answer_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n until_o they_o first_o give_v they_o copy_n of_o their_o commission_n of_o assize_n under_o their_o seal_n item_n that_o the_o king_n justice_n assign_v by_o commission_n for_o the_o bold_v of_o assize_n ought_v not_o to_o hold_v plea_n here_o long_a than_o the_o space_n of_o three_o week_n true_o these_o ancient_a custom_n seem_v so_o to_o reâ—â—sh_v as_o if_o those_o island_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o our_o king_n &_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n by_o the_o right_n of_o english_a empire_n not_o by_o the_o norman_a although_o the_o islander_n insinuate_v also_o in_o the_o same_o petition_n that_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o normandy_n add_v hereto_o also_o that_o the_o â—sle_n of_o serk_n be_v grant_v by_o queen_n 3_o elisabeth_n to_o herelie_o the_o carteret_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o a_o feud_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v unaware_o or_o else_o careless_o admit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o be_v within_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n hold_v at_o chartres_n when_o edward_n the_o three_o renounce_v his_o claim_n to_o normandy_n and_o some_o other_o country_n of_o france_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v add_v that_o no_o controversy_n shall_v remain_v touch_v the_o island_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v all_o island_n whatsoëver_o which_o he_o possess_v at_o that_o time_n whether_o they_o lie_v before_o those_o country_n that_o â—ee_n hold_v or_o 3._o other_o for_o reason_n require_v this_o to_o maintain_v the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n yea_o both_o jersey_n and_o gernsey_n as_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o man_n be_v say_v in_o divers_a treaty_n hold_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o other_o prince_n to_o belong_v unto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o to_o lie_v cottonianâ_fw-la near_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n these_o isle_n also_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o king_n 27._o henry_n the_o five_o to_o his_o brother_n john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n without_o any_o recognition_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o we_o or_o our_o heir_n notwithstanding_o any_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o any_o other_o tenure_n hold_v of_o we_o out_o of_o the_o say_a island_n which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a belong_v unto_o the_o say_a island_n castle_n or_o dominion_n which_o word_n seem_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n to_o admit_v any_o right_n of_o the_o duchy_n perhaps_o also_o that_o ancient_a custom_n be_v as_o a_o token_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n be_v conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o isle_n whereby_o all_o the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 18._o edward_n the_o three_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n of_o
worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a why_o the_o k._n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o french_a king_n at_o that_o time_n only_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o subject_n in_o general_a to_o wit_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v his_o sea-commander_n throughout_o this_o whole_a sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o cross_v over_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o the_o french_a k._n shall_v secure_v he_o by_o sea_n it_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v perhaps_o have_v a_o admiral_n at_o that_o time_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n for_o that_o of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o narbonne_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o add_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v about_o that_o time_n or_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o be_v place_v who_o be_v first_o rank_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n but_o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o those_o passport_n or_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o the_o sauf-conduit_n french_a king_n and_o other_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n admiral_n be_v usual_o name_v in_o express_a term_n among_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o royal_a officer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o passport_n be_v grant_v may_v be_v secure_v in_o every_o place_n and_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o english_a command_n over_o such_o as_o pass_v or_o sail_v through_o their_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o argument_n take_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o king_n be_v prescribe_v limit_n to_o such_o as_o sail_v in_o this_o sea_n as_o also_o from_o those_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v book_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o record_n concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o be_v do_v doubtless_o that_o they_o may_v not_o presume_v to_o use_v the_o english_a sea_n without_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o queen_n but_o the_o hans-town_n cry_v out_o thereupon_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commerce_n and_o league_n be_v violate_v because_o their_o ship_n be_v so_o take_v by_o the_o english_a only_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o they_o carry_v provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n where_o the_o english_a do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o any_o dominion_n and_o concern_v this_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n controvert_v by_o very_o 5._o learned_a man_n how_o far_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o will_v not_o be_v call_v enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n afford_v supply_n unto_o a_o enemy_n but_o some_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o these_o ship_n when_o the_o hamburger_n who_o in_o the_o name_n also_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans-town_n desire_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n to_o portugal_n and_o spain_n be_v more_o than_o once_o deny_v any_o kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o transport_v either_o corn_n or_o warlike_a necessary_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o suggest_v that_o their_o petition_n at_o that_o time_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o commerce_n nor_o that_o the_o queen_n denial_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v by_o her_o first_o 1589._o answer_n enjoin_v to_o abstain_v from_o transport_v arm_n with_o other_o warlike_a necessary_n and_o corn_n but_o say_v the_o queen_n in_o transport_v other_o commodity_n we_o shall_v not_o hinder_v you_o at_o all_o but_o shall_v with_o all_o favour_n permit_v the_o ship_n of_o your_o subject_n to_o abide_v and_o pass_v after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n that_o they_o may_v perform_v their_o voyage_n this_o answer_n they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o take_v amiss_o but_o two_o year_n after_o they_o send_v into_o england_n sebastian_n à _fw-fr berghen_n their_o ambassador_n with_o petitionary_a letter_n desire_v that_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o licence_n former_o grant_v may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v all_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n permit_v their_o petition_n be_v deny_v again_o and_o this_o moreover_o add_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a shall_v for_o their_o bold_a presumption_n suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o carry_v against_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v and_o pleasure_n if_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o her_o man_n of_o war_n or_o any_o other_o of_o her_o majesty_n be_v subject_n thus_o they_o ever_o address_v themselves_o by_o petition_n and_o the_o queen_n give_v answer_n according_a to_o her_o pleasure_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o of_o commerce_n before_o that_o they_o understand_v their_o ship_n be_v seize_v in_o another_o sea_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o 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themselves_o which_o signify_v the_o same_o be_v these_o loâ—dinensâ—_n especialment_n à _fw-fr retenir_fw-fr &_o maintenir_fw-fr la_fw-fr sovereigneté_fw-fr qe_fw-fr ses_fw-fr ancestor_n roye_n d'engleterre_fw-fr soloyent_n avoir_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mier_n d'engleterre_fw-fr quant_fw-fr à _fw-fr l'amendement_n declaration_n &_o interpretation_n des_fw-fr lois_fw-fr per_fw-la eux_fw-fr faits_fw-fr à _fw-fr governer_n toutes_fw-fr maneres_fw-la des_fw-fr gentz_n passanz_fw-fr per_fw-la la_fw-fr dite_fw-fr mire_n especial_o to_o retain_v and_o maintain_v the_o sovereignty_n which_o his_o ancestor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o amendment_n declaration_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n by_o they_o make_v to_o govern_v all_o manner_n of_o nation_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o commission_n of_o king_n john_n whereby_o he_o require_v in_o very_o 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hastings_n and_o wimund_n de_fw-fr winchelsey_n and_o other_o of_o our_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o other_o our_o faithful_a sturemanni_n and_o marinelli_n of_o our_o galley_n to_o arrest_v all_o ship_n that_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o they_o safe_o to_o bring_v with_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o they_o into_o england_n and_o therefore_o we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o be_v attend_v upon_o they_o in_o this_o business_n so_o that_o you_o be_v in_o england_n with_o all_o your_o ship_n and_o merchandise_n at_o such_o port_n and_o coast_n as_o they_o shall_v appoint_v you_o and_o if_o any_o shall_v attempt_v to_o resist_v they_o contrary_a to_o our_o command_n you_o our_o liege-man_n be_v require_v to_o assist_v they_o with_o all_o your_o strength_n as_o you_o tender_v your_o selus_fw-la and_o your_o chattel_n and_o peace_n and_o residence_n in_o our_o land_n for_o you_o or_o any_o of_o your_o generation_n witness_v hereunto_o william_n briwr_n at_o lutegar_n the_o eight_o day_n of_o february_n these_o sturemanni_n here_o do_v signify_v sea-captain_n and_o marinelli_n sea-soldier_n but_o to_o command_v that_o all_o ship_n shall_v be_v arrest_v throughout_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v stay_v or_o take_v and_o bring_v into_o england_n what_o else_o be_v it_o but_o undoubted_o to_o declare_v himself_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v now_o let_v no_o man_n object_n that_o this_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o ship_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o he_o that_o give_v the_o commission_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o commission_n before_o cite_v be_v send_v and_o direct_v only_o to_o the_o sea-captain_n man_n of_o war_n and_o merchant_n of_o england_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a thereby_o that_o the_o four_o person_n there_o name_v and_o other_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v add_v be_v oblige_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a command_n to_o arrest_v all_o the_o 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very_a form_n of_o this_o commission_n that_o there_o need_n be_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o be_v add_v touch_v this_o matter_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v doubt_v who_o take_v it_o into_o his_o more_o serious_a consideration_n nor_o do_v the_o word_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o enemy_n but_o of_o any_o whatsoëver_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o be_v concern_v at_o that_o time_n for_o his_o own_o occasion_n and_o at_o discretion_n to_o use_v not_o only_o his_o own_o sea-territorie_n but_o also_o the_o ship_n sail_v therein_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v in_o port._n we_o find_v a_o commission_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o which_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o wherein_o command_n be_v give_v to_o make_v stay_n of_o all_o ship_n of_o ten_o tun_n and_o upward_a that_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o south_n and_o western_a sea_n except_o some_o that_o
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n richard_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n and_o name_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr olyroun_n here_o you_o have_v it_o declare_v as_o a_o thing_n most_o receive_v and_o certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o ancient_a right_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v about_o it_o but_o that_o whereof_o the_o bench_n of_o judge_n be_v to_o consult_v be_v only_o about_o the_o orderly_a maintenance_n of_o this_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o true_o a_o small_a sign_n of_o this_o dominion_n that_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n which_o he_o possess_v as_o seat_v in_o his_o own_o sea_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o aquitain_n as_o king_n of_o england_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v do_v as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a eastern_a and_o that_o northern_a sea_n which_o wash_v both_o the_o side_n of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n whereby_o scotland_n be_v unite_v to_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o those_o four_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a sea_n or_o port_n belong_v to_o other_o prince_n and_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a sea_n which_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v bound_v after_o another_o manner_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v bound_v that_o be_v accordirng_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o possession_n westward_o beyond_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o ireland_n and_o by_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o the_o scotish_n name_n and_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o this_o particle_n intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v that_o lichford_n extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
sea_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n deny_v a_o dominion_n and_o wrest_v other_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o be_v clear_o contrary_a to_o our_o english_a right_o as_o also_o to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o have_v continue_v in_o force_n for_o so_o many_o age_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o i_o say_v the_o same_o must_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o make_v choice_n of_o argument_n which_o they_o think_v be_v true_a to_o serve_v the_o present_a occasion_n as_o of_o such_o that_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o great_a force_n and_o authority_n among_o those_o civil_a lawyer_n with_o who_o they_o be_v in_o treaty_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n that_o civilian_n shall_v speak_v of_o a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o where_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o a_o dominion_n thereof_o be_v admit_v from_o all_o antiquity_n in_o the_o very_a territory_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v comprehend_v as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v there_o be_v also_o very_a many_o right_n among_o we_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o to_o such_o as_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o exchequer_n by_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o some_o conceiv_n to_o be_v ground_v upon_o that_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o discourse_n as_o the_o confiscation_n of_o good_n derelict_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o some_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o fish_n as_o wale-fish_n sturgeon_n and_o other_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o of_o the_o satirist_n hold_v good_a 4._o quicquid_fw-la conspicuum_fw-la pulchrúmque_fw-la ex_fw-la aequore_fw-la toto_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la fisci_fw-la est_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la natat_fw-la good_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o any_o worth_n and_o note_n belong_v to_o th'chequer_n wheresoëre_fw-la they_o float_v beside_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v out_o ashore_o 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concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n chap._n xxvi_o we_o be_v come_v now_o to_o foreiner_n and_o it_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o what_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o either_o touch_v the_o limit_n set_v for_o navigation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o the_o licence_n of_o passage_n through_o this_o sea_n often_o desire_v by_o petition_n that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v indeed_o acknowledge_v this_o dominion_n but_o there_o be_v two_o testimony_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o show_n if_o you_o consider_v chief_o as_o you_o ought_v their_o be_v neighbour_n and_o such_o who_o it_o concern_v that_o they_o general_o do_v the_o same_o the_o one_o be_v the_o usual_a strike_n of_o the_o topsail_n by_o every_o ship_n of_o any_o foreign_a nation_n whatsoêver_o if_o they_o sail_v near_o the_o king_n navy_n or_o any_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o navy_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o 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the_o time_n of_o that_o decision_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o of_o france_n or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlv_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiv_o they_o be_v both_o object_v by_o those_o who_o require_v a_o strike_n of_o sail_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o french_a king_n even_o without_o the_o bound_n of_o france_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n do_v not_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n confine_v upon_o france_n upon_o which_o ground_n also_o they_o offer_v violence_n to_o certain_a hamburger_n who_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o and_o seize_v they_o as_o guilty_a of_o contempt_n against_o the_o dignity_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o this_o thing_n say_v servinus_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n make_v injunction_n to_o strike_v and_o come_v aboard_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v and_o be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o of_o the_o year_n 1555._o have_v be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o defendant_n do_v report_v only_o a_o extract_n out_o of_o the_o register_n of_o broüage_n which_o indeed_o be_v evident_a enough_o when_o that_o edict_n be_v object_v by_o the_o 254._o same_o man_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o old_a obsolete_a law_n and_o that_o which_o prove'_v it_o be_v the_o new_a ordinance_n of_o the_o year_n 1584._o for_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o new_a law_n if_o the_o old_a one_o have_v be_v keep_v and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o last_o have_v not_o be_v verify_v simple_o but_o as_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o person_n in_o power_n at_o that_o time_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v without_o resistance_n but_o be_v register_v and_o publish_v with_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o the_o procurator_n general_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o executor_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a form_n and_o such_o as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v make_v in_o former_a time_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n anew_o the_o former_a edict_n which_o be_v object_v be_v never_o admit_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o nothing_o of_o that_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n for_o a_o testimony_n of_o its_o admission_n but_o the_o late_a be_v indeed_o admit_v though_o as_o to_o any_o effect_n of_o a_o law_n either_o at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v enact_v or_o introduce_v or_o as_o receive_v before_o into_o custom_n it_o be_v plain_o reject_v and_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n procurator_n who_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v so_o qualify_v as_o you_o see_v that_o what_o be_v ground_v upon_o ancient_a custom_n it_o only_o may_v be_v ratify_v even_o after_o this_o edict_n be_v so_o admit_v in_o favour_n of_o some_o great_a one_o which_o be_v discreet_o do_v see_v both_o the_o edict_n be_v extreme_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o neighbour_n yea_o and_o of_o all_o foreiner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o business_n of_o strike_v sail_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o special_a sign_n or_o pledge_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o those_o edict_n which_o notwithstanding_o upon_o second_o thought_n be_v reject_v afterward_o in_o law_n as_o have_v be_v show_v true_o it_o have_v be_v usual_o and_o perpetual_o acknowledge_v due_a for_o so_o many_o age_n to_o the_o english_a and_o perform_v according_o both_a by_o stranger_n and_o by_o the_o french_a themselves_o as_o a_o matter_n ground_v upon_o long_a prescription_n can_v be_v no_o slight_a argument_n among_o the_o french_a to_o confirm_v that_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a whereof_o we_o treat_v moreover_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o all_o that_o be_v use_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n that_o this_o intervenient_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o strike_v sail_n have_v be_v very_o usual_a to_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o receive_v for_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o at_o hastings_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o shore_n of_o sussex_n it_o be_v decree_v by_o king_n john_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcc_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o peer_n that_o if_o the_o governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o king_n navy_n in_o his_o naval_a expedition_n which_o be_v all_o in_o that_o age_n upon_o the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v encontre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr so_o the_o word_n run_v in_o the_o â—_o norman_a tongue_n aucune_v nef_n ou_fw-fr vesseaulx_fw-fr charge_n ou_fw-fr void_a qui_fw-fr ne_fw-fr vevillent_fw-fr avaler_n &_o abeisser_fw-fr leur_fw-fr trief_n au_fw-fr commandement_fw-fr du_fw-fr lieutenant_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr son_fw-fr lieutenant_n mais_fw-fr combatant_n encontre_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr float_n que_fw-fr silz_n puent_a estre_fw-fr pris_fw-fr quill_n soient_fw-fr reputez_fw-fr come_v enemy_n &_o leur_fw-fr ness_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr pris_fw-fr &_o forfeit_n come_v biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr enemy_n tout_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr mistress_n ou_fw-fr possessor_n d'_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr voudroient_fw-fr venir_fw-fr apres_fw-fr &_o alleguer_v mesme_n les_fw-fr nef_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr estre_fw-fr des_fw-fr amy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr &_o que_fw-fr la_fw-fr menye_n estant_fw-fr en_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr soient_fw-fr chastiez_fw-fr per_fw-la emprisonement_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr corpse_n pour_fw-fr leur_fw-fr rebelleté_fw-fr par_fw-fr discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v shall_v meet_v any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o by_o sea_n either_o lade_v or_o empty_a that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o strike_v their_o sail_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n governor_n or_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n but_o make_v resistance_n against_o they_o which_o belong_v to_o his_o fleet_n that_o then_o they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v enemy_n if_o they_o may_v be_v take_v yea_o and_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o the_o good_n of_o enemy_n and_o that_o though_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v allege_v afterwards_o that_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o good_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n but_o that_o the_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o imprisonment_n at_o discretion_n for_o their_o rebellion_n it_o be_v account_v treason_n if_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o have_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o own_o sea_n by_o strike_v sail_n and_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o amity_n who_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_n penalty_n also_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o mention_n be_v make_v concern_v a_o crime_n commit_v in_o some_o territory_n of_o his_o island_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n chap._n xxvii_o the_o other_o testimony_n concern_v the_o recognition_n of_o most_o foreign_a nation_n in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n heretofore_o institute_v by_o very_a many_o nation_n together_o wherein_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n 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