e._n 1._o be_v a_o precedent_n in_o point_n to_o justify_v the_o last_o for_o no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o foreign_a merchant_n have_v their_o good_n as_o much_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o our_o law_n as_o native_n have_v or_o have_v place_n but_o admit_v that_o the_o king_n can_v not_o by_o his_o proclamation_n create_v a_o forfeiture_n so_o to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o westminster-hall_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o relation_n to_o fact_n arise_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n or_o the_o port_n beyond_o the_o sea_n fall_v within_o the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n and_o marine_a law_n if_o the_o king_n may_v by_o law_n prohibit_v than_o whatever_o penalty_n the_o marine_a law_n inflict_v upon_o person_n or_o good_n go_v contrary_a to_o imperial_a or_o regal_a prohibition_n the_o same_o be_v allow_v of_o in_o our_o law_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v any_o objection_n to_o say_v that_o the_o penalty_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o prohibition_n in_o the_o charter_n for_o it_o be_v not_o suppose_v that_o bare_o trade_v thither_o be_v against_o the_o marine_a law_n unless_o such_o trade_n be_v before_o prohibit_v 666._o as_o early_o as_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 1._o i_o find_v that_o omnes_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la ituri_fw-la all_o person_n go_v by_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o admiral_n be_v jurisdiction_n 438._o and_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o same_o the_o great_a hale_n when_o he_o be_v of_o counsel_n in_o a_o cause_n against_o the_o admiralty_n do_v not_o except_v against_o such_o will_v power_n only_o that_o a_o contract_n at_o new-england_n be_v not_o allege_v to_o be_v in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la but_o this_o jurisdiction_n be_v prove_v at_o large_a by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o observation_n upon_o the_o four_o institute_n inst_n the_o king_n power_n at_o sea_n be_v more_o absolute_a than_o at_o land_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o memorable_a record_n 31_o 16._o e._n 1._o it_o be_v then_o agree_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o the_o deputy_n of_o foreign_a prince_n that_o the_o clausum_fw-la king_n of_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v enjoy_v the_o supreme_a dominion_n and_o empire_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o island_n thereto_o belong_v and_o may_v constitute_v whatever_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preserve_a peace_n justice_n and_o equity_n as_o well_o among_o foreign_a nation_n as_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o may_v judge_v according_o and_o do_v all_o thing_n belong_v to_o summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la 6._o the_o admiral_n be_v patent_n be_v to_o try_v secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la maritimam_fw-la according_a to_o maritime_a law_n and_o maritime_a law_n or_o law_n merchant_n be_v by_o the_o chancellor_n in_o e._n 4th_n time_n hold_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o b._n be_v universal_a throughout_o all_o the_o world_n wherefore_o according_a to_o this_o the_o king_n have_v in_o these_o matter_n summum_fw-la imperium_fw-la without_o the_o fetter_n of_o positive_a law_n of_o particular_a nation_n but_o as_o far_o as_o the_o provision_n reach_v the_o law_n of_o oleron_n 254._o make_v by_o r._n 1._o as_o he_o come_v from_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v the_o law_n of_o merchant_n throughout_o the_o world_n and_o d._n the_o law_n of_o nation_n â—herein_o and_o i_o find_v provision_n make_v for_o trial_n by_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n and_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 4_o h._n 4._o person_n to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o 5_o port_n which_o have_v a_o collection_n of_o some_o sea_n law_n by_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n pirate_n robber_n and_o 47._o sea-rover_n may_v by_o despoil_v of_o their_o good_n without_o punishment_n if_o this_o will_v not_o reach_v interloper_n as_o sea-rover_n at_o least_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v another_o guide_n to_o the_o admiral_n be_v judgement_n will_n vindicatur_fw-la if_o say_v the_o learned_a professor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n dr._n zouch_n thing_n unlawful_a 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do_v know_o by_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n the_o thing_n sell_v or_o gain_v elsewhere_o than_o in_o these_o place_n be_v forfeit_v and_o beside_o the_o loss_n of_o these_o thing_n and_o of_o their_o price_n which_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n they_o be_v to_o undergo_v perpetual_a banishment_n again_o evadent_fw-la if_o any_o person_n be_v apprehend_v either_o go_n beyond_o the_o city_n mention_v in_o the_o ancient_a law_n or_o receive_v foreign_a merchant_n without_o a_o supervisor_n of_o commerce_n they_o shall_v neither_o evade_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o good_n nor_o the_o penalty_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o all_o which_o authority_n i_o think_v it_o no_o strain_a conclusion_n that_o if_o the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v foreign_a trade_n in_o any_o case_n and_o all_o must_v agree_v that_o he_o may_v in_o some_o for_o the_o public_a good_a he_o may_v in_o such_o case_n prohibit_v it_o under_o the_o penalty_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n especial_o if_o he_o direct_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o by_o the_o admiralty's_n jurisdiction_n which_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o late_a charter_n to_o the_o east-india_n company_n 441._o i_o must_v not_o here_o pass_v by_o the_o case_n of_o horn_n and_o jvy_n which_o seem_v to_o lie_v in_o my_o way_n there_o indeed_o the_o seize_v a_o ship_n as_o forfeit_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o charter_n to_o the_o canary_n company_n be_v hold_v unlawful_a but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v without_o legal_a process_n 2._o the_o justification_n of_o the_o seize_v be_v without_o warrant_n only_o by_o commandment_n from_o the_o company_n which_o can_v not_o be_v sufficient_a 3._o the_o statute_n 3_o i._n 1._o have_v enable_v the_o subject_n of_o england_n to_o trade_v free_o into_o the_o dominion_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o distinction_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n then_o that_o the_o canary_n be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n but_o not_o of_o spain_n itself_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o parliament_n intend_v a_o nice_a enquiry_n into_o the_o several_a tenor_n or_o the_o title_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n 4._o but_o be_v this_o authority_n never_o so_o express_v the_o reporter_n assure_v we_o some_o hold_v otherwise_o nor_o can_v the_o unanimous_a opinion_n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n be_v enough_o to_o turn_v the_o stream_n of_o the_o great_a authority_n which_o i_o have_v produce_v life_n the_o power_n over_o life_n exercise_v under_o the_o king_n authority_n be_v of_o great_a sound_n but_o not_o of_o any_o high_a nature_n than_o the_o forego_n for_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o power_n over_o property_n so_o it_o must_v by_o consequence_n be_v over_o person_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o harsh_a supposal_n that_o if_o the_o king_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o common_a law_n in_o relation_n to_o foreign_a trade_n neither_o be_v he_o as_o to_o the_o person_n of_o such_o trader_n but_o to_o come_v more_o particular_o to_o the_o fact_n which_o occasion_n this_o question_n they_o be_v either_o judgement_n of_o death_n upon_o trial_n have_v in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o power_n give_v by_o the_o charter_n to_o the_o governor_n upon_o the_o place_n and_o these_o power_n due_o pursue_v or_o not_o or_o else_o the_o like_a judgement_n upon_o trial_n have_v by_o particular_a commission_n for_o martial_a law_n if_o the_o power_n of_o the_o charter_n be_v due_o pursue_v than_o the_o only_a question_n will_v be_v whether_o the_o king_n may_v give_v a_o power_n to_o judge_n upon_o the_o place_n such_o as_o transgress_v the_o law_n either_o of_o england_n or_o by-law_n make_v for_o that_o place_n if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o preserve_v any_o
a_o apology_n for_o the_o east-india_n company_n with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o large_a prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n ancient_o exercise_v and_o allow_v of_o in_o our_o law_n in_o relation_n to_o foreign_a trade_n and_o foreign_a part_n by_o w._n a._n barrister_n at_o law_n author_n of_o the_o first_o answer_n to_o the_o late_a chief_a justice_n herbert_n defence_n of_o the_o dispense_v power_n qui_fw-la judicium_fw-la fecerit_fw-la parte_fw-la inauditâ_fw-la alterâ_fw-la aequum_fw-la licet_fw-la statuerit_fw-la haud_fw-la aequus_fw-la est_fw-la judex_n london_n print_v for_o the_o author_n 1690._o a_o apology_n for_o the_o east-india_n company_n introduction_n the_o substance_n of_o what_o follow_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v speak_v by_o i_o before_o a_o committee_n of_o the_o late_a house_n of_o commons_o but_o my_o ancient_n at_o the_o bar_n think_v it_o better_a to_o rely_v upon_o the_o suppose_a defect_n of_o proof_n for_o the_o matter_n allege_v against_o the_o 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governor_n at_o st._n helena_n in_o a_o method_n not_o whole_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n or_o else_o the_o procure_v a_o commission_n from_o the_o king_n for_o try_v and_o execute_v man_n there_o by_o martial_a law_n good_n i._o that_o in_o relation_n to_o ship_n and_o good_n seem_v the_o less_o likely_a to_o be_v according_a to_o law_n since_o it_o be_v not_o justify_v in_o the_o time_n when_o jefferies_n be_v chief-justice_n and_o the_o king_n power_n even_o for_o prohibit_v labour_n with_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o have_v judgement_n for_o it_o in_o irregular_a time_n and_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o most_o weight_n be_v lay_v suitable_a to_o such_o time_n as_o use_v 1._o a_o prerogative_n to_o forbid_v trade_n with_o infidel_n who_o remain_v perpetual_a enemy_n to_o the_o nation_n yet_o be_v to_o be_v friend_n to_o part_n and_o this_o upon_o a_o principle_n that_o will_v restrain_v the_o propagation_n of_o the_o gospel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o trade_n as_o if_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v infect_v with_o their_o infidelity_n be_v great_a than_o the_o hope_n of_o convert_v they_o or_o that_o they_o who_o be_v free_a of_o such_o a_o company_n have_v a_o particular_a antidote_n against_o it_o 2._o the_o other_o ground_n though_o not_o so_o ridiculous_a have_v less_o colour_n of_o law_n which_o be_v the_o king_n power_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o dispense_v with_o act_n of_o parliament_n restrain_v trade_n from_o whence_o they_o will_v infer_v a_o equal_a power_n of_o restrain_v where_o common_a or_o statute_n law_n give_v a_o liberty_n but_o without_o the_o help_n of_o such_o false_a medium_n i_o doubt_v not_o to_o prove_v very_o plain_o that_o neither_o common_a nor_o statute_n law_n give_v any_o countenance_n for_o interlope_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n be_v charter_n and_o that_o such_o as_o trade_v thither_o not_o be_v of_o the_o company_n or_o license_v by_o they_o incur_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n with_o which_o they_o interlope_v and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v take_v ever_o since_o foreign_a trade_n appear_v to_o have_v fall_v under_o its_o regard_n that_o the_o company_n be_v charter_n and_o proclamation_n thereupon_o prohibit_v interlope_v upon_o such_o penalty_n be_v not_o deny_v so_o that_o the_o only_a question_n here_o be_v what_o countenance_n such_o prohibition_n have_v in_o our_o law_n commerce_n object_n i_o meet_v with_o a_o objection_n in_o the_o beginning_n as_o if_o such_o a_o restraint_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o some_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o commerce_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a which_o be_v not_o imply_v in_o the_o public_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o shores_n allow_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o some_o purpose_n but_o 5._o be_v it_o so_o care_n must_v be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o interpretation_n that_o one_o maxim_n do_v not_o thwart_v another_o wherefore_o since_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n of_o those_o thing_n to_o which_o all_o have_v equal_a right_n special_a property_n be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n or_o premier_n seize_v the_o rule_n for_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n must_v be_v qualify_v so_o as_o not_o to_o prejudice_v that_o property_n which_o have_v be_v acquire_v and_o improve_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o other_o according_a to_o which_o in_o our_o law_n no_o man_n can_v use_v his_o own_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o his_o neighbour_n property_n first_o settle_v wherefore_o though_o we_o say_v cujus_fw-la est_fw-la solum_fw-la ejus_fw-la est_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la coelum_fw-la yet_o a_o man_n may_v not_o by_o building_n upon_o his_o own_o ground_n stop_v up_o his_o neighbour_n more_o ancient_a light_n nor_o yet_o can_v he_o use_v his_o own_o to_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o public_a and_o therefore_o can_v turn_v 199._o his_o land_n into_o a_o park_n chace_n or_o warren_n without_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n who_o be_v entrust_v for_o the_o public_a to_o see_v that_o all_o or_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o the_o land_n usual_o plough_v be_v keep_v in_o tillage_n but_o as_o to_o commerce_n there_o be_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o belief_n that_o it_o ought_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v absolute_o free_a either_o between_o nation_n and_o nation_n or_o for_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n for_o this_o we_o must_v judge_n either_o according_a to_o natural_a equity_n or_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o nation_n the_o first_o be_v certain_o against_o reap_v the_o benefit_n of_o another_o cost_n or_o labour_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o nation_n agree_v with_o it_o impose_v tax_n upon_o good_n import_v or_o export_v and_o prohibit_v person_n and_o merchandize_n as_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v with_o the_o ancient_a roman_n who_o have_v their_o comites_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la 40._o supervisor_n of_o commerce_n who_o be_v to_o see_v that_o none_o trade_v beyond_o the_o bound_n or_o with_o other_o merchandize_n than_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o government_n and_o what_o freedom_n of_o trade_n soever_o may_v be_v allowable_a where_o it_o depend_v only_o upon_o a_o liberty_n grant_v by_o one_o prince_n to_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o all_o stand_n in_o equal_a capacity_n as_o subject_n yet_o where_o the_o circumstance_n be_v such_o that_o the_o trade_n must_v be_v maintain_v by_o garrison_n and_o arm_a force_n send_v by_o the_o trader_n there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n for_o other_o to_o have_v any_o liberty_n till_o they_o have_v allow_v their_o proportion_n of_o the_o charge_n nor_o monopoly_n can_v this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o monopoly_n odious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n till_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o restraint_n of_o such_o trade_n as_o other_o be_v entitle_v to_o by_o law_n but_o to_o come_v to_o those_o plain_a authority_n in_o law_n which_o support_v the_o company_n charter_n it_o will_v appear_v person_n first_o that_o at_o common_a law_n the_o king_n may_v prohibit_v any_o person_n or_o person_n from_o go_v beyond_o sea_n and_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o ne_fw-fr exeat_fw-la regnum_fw-la be_v serve_v only_o upon_o particular_a person_n but_o fitz-herbert_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v be_v prohibit_v by_o proclamation_n as_o well_o as_o by_o writ_n and_o the_o regum_fw-la reason_n give_v extend_v to_o all_o because_o every_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n and_o his_o realm_n wherefore_o this_o be_v right_o explain_v in_o dyer_n where_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v agree_v by_o fitz-herbert_n that_o the_o â—_o king_n may_v by_o his_o general_n proclamation_n or_o special_a prohibition_n restrain_v his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o sea_n there_o be_v indeed_o a_o query_n put_v upon_o the_o suggestion_n in_o the_o writ_n which_o in_o dyer_n be_v think_v
frequent_a in_o most_o reign_n and_o such_o as_o be_v full_a precedent_n for_o that_o commission_n which_o be_v execute_v at_o st._n helena_n to_o make_v which_o evident_a i_o have_v in_o the_o appendix_n transcribe_v one_o at_o large_a append._n grant_v even_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n and_o refer_v to_o another_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n in_o the_o time_n of_o j._n 1._o object_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o martial_a law_n that_o other_o join_v with_o soldier_n shall_v be_v punish_v as_o soldier_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o though_o this_o may_v be_v a_o question_n in_o other_o case_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v none_o in_o the_o case_n of_o open_a rebellion_n where_o rebel_n make_v themselves_o soldier_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n make_v no_o provision_n against_o the_o trial_n of_o such_o even_o for_o fact_n commit_v here_o for_o it_o mention_n only_a it_o murder_n robbery_n felony_n mutiny_n or_o other_o outrage_n or_o misdemeanour_n proceed_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a crime_n but_o treason_n be_v neither_o include_v in_o they_o nor_o ever_o place_v in_o the_o rear_n 2._o the_o planter_n at_o st._n helena_n may_v well_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o soldier_n not_o only_o as_o they_o be_v in_o open_a rebellion_n and_o go_v thither_o as_o soldier_n afterward_o but_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o place_n be_v bind_v to_o ordinary_a duty_n by_o day_n and_o night_n in_o their_o turn_n with_o the_o company_n arm_n have_v their_o several_a post_n assign_v they_o and_o be_v to_o attend_v upon_o all_o alarm_n at_o the_o fire_n of_o a_o gun_n 2._o it_o may_v further_o be_v say_v that_o martial_a law_n ought_v to_o be_v exercise_v only_o flagrante_fw-la bello_fw-la but_o then_o there_o will_v be_v little_a difference_n if_o any_o between_o a_o fact_n commit_v here_o or_o beyond_o sea_n for_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n allow_v it_o here_o in_o time_n of_o war_n 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land_n the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o other_o maritime_a or_o marshal_n law_n afford_v sufficient_a matter_n for_o a_o apology_n we_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o foundation_n of_o they_o all_o and_o what_o upon_o emergency_n superseed_n all_o the_o salus_n populi_n to_o which_o the_o interest_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o people_n must_v give_v way_n whenever_o there_o be_v a_o competition_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o the_o law_n of_o necessity_n be_v ever_o hold_v superior_a to_o form_n and_o provision_n for_o common_a case_n this_o indeed_o be_v due_o take_v by_o the_o lord_n hobart_n to_o be_v a_o law_n only_o for_o the_o instant_n time_n but_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o east-india_n company_n be_v for_o the_o benefit_n hobart_n of_o the_o public_a and_o if_o the_o power_n which_o it_o exercise_v by_o grant_n from_o the_o crown_n be_v at_o the_o respective_a time_n of_o use_v they_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v 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english_a interest_n in_o india_n then_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o will_v be_v more_o expedient_a that_o the_o old_a company_n shall_v have_v a_o supply_n of_o such_o power_n as_o be_v suppose_v not_o to_o be_v legal_a than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lessen_v in_o any_o respect_n if_o this_o company_n be_v dissolve_v than_o whatever_o advantage_n be_v gain_v by_o any_o treaty_n with_o the_o indian_n or_o by_o their_o own_o prudent_a management_n among_o they_o will_v cease_v nay_o whatever_o tend_v to_o the_o sink_v its_o credit_n not_o only_o make_v the_o trade_n with_o the_o indian_n to_o be_v upon_o more_o disadvantageous_a term_n but_o give_v such_o a_o overbalance_n of_o credit_n to_o our_o too_o powerful_a competitor_n as_o perhaps_o may_v not_o be_v retrieve_v again_o in_o some_o age_n the_o deny_v the_o english_a company_n that_o power_n which_o be_v exercise_v there_o by_o other_o will_v deprive_v it_o of_o mean_n necessary_a to_o its_o preservation_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o people_n at_o such_o distance_n can_v receive_v law_n from_o hence_o for_o all_o emergency_n timely_a enough_o to_o obviate_v their_o design_n who_o act_n by_o full_a power_n upon_o the_o place_n and_o the_o very_o transfer_v this_o power_n to_o another_o company_n but_o new_o enter_v upon_o the_o method_n of_o advance_v its_o interest_n in_o the_o indies_n may_v occasion_v the_o hazard_v that_o public_a benefit_n which_o the_o nation_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o nor_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o chance_n of_o a_o uncertain_a experiment_n but_o what_o arise_v from_o the_o political_a consideration_n of_o this_o matter_n have_v be_v already_o set_v in_o so_o clear_a a_o light_n by_o a_o hand_n the_o best_a able_a that_o for_o i_o to_o add_v any_o thing_n further_o may_v be_v but_o the_o cast_v cold_a water_n upon_o argument_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o fail_v of_o maintain_v a_o warm_a impression_n in_o the_o reader_n answer_v if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o party_n over_o who_o this_o power_n have_v be_v exercise_v be_v englishman_n and_o carry_v the_o right_n of_o such_o along_o with_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a these_o can_v be_v enjoy_v in_o all_o place_n for_o than_o they_o will_v have_v the_o same_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o other_o prince_n notwithstanding_o the_o local_a allegiance_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o reason_n of_o protection_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a law_n if_o man_n will_v venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n beyond_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o english_a law_n it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o peril_n and_o they_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o and_o what_o those_o consequence_n may_v be_v will_v the_o better_o appear_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o question_n arise_v they_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o company_n from_o the_o crown_n reserve_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o be_v either_o 1._o such_o plantation_n or_o colony_n as_o king_n c._n 2._o have_v with_o his_o queen_n former_o spain_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n which_o be_v the_o king_n be_v in_o his_o personal_a capacity_n and_o never_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v evident_o no_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n 2._o such_o as_o be_v gain_v by_o premier_n occupancy_n as_o not_o be_v prepossess_v by_o the_o subject_n of_o any_o other_o government_n 3._o acquire_v by_o conquest_n absolute_a or_o upon_o term_n 4._o by_o purchase_n for_o good_n or_o money_n or_o by_o the_o way_n of_o exchange_n for_o land_n or_o territory_n that_o of_o purchase_n may_v fall_v indifferent_o under_o the_o same_o consideration_n either_o with_o absolute_a conquest_n or_o with_o that_o upon_o term_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o purchase_n
or_o thing_n purchase_v occupancy_n under_o the_o same_o with_o absolute_a conquest_n because_o there_o be_v none_o to_o make_v term_n for_o themselves_o and_o if_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o conqueror_n and_o the_o conquer_a have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n by_o parity_n of_o reason_n where_o there_o be_v no_o agreement_n as_o in_o place_n gain_v by_o occupancy_n or_o absolute_a conquest_n the_o prince_n pleasure_n sufficient_o declare_v and_o make_v know_v will_v have_v the_o same_o force_n though_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o what_o subject_n gain_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o purchase_v accrue_v to_o the_o prince_n it_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a that_o the_o prince_n acquire_v for_o his_o subject_n for_o than_o that_o acquistion_n which_o w._n 1._o make_v by_o his_o victory_n over_o harold_n will_v have_v render_v england_n a_o accession_n to_o normandy_n as_o our_o present_a sovereign_n victory_n over_o j._n 2._o will_v have_v subject_v england_n to_o the_o low_a country_n if_o 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conquest_n upon_o term_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o former_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o conquer_a country_n remain_v if_o stipulate_v for_o appear_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o our_o law_n of_o which_o wales_n afford_v a_o plain_a instance_n that_o ancient_o have_v be_v feudatory_a to_o england_n and_o afterward_o conquer_v by_o e._n 1._o that_o which_o be_v call_v walliâ—_n the_o statute_n of_o snodon_n or_o ruthland_n be_v manifest_o no_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n but_o a_o agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o they_o wherein_o he_o approve_v and_o allow_v of_o some_o of_o their_o old_a law_n and_o alter_v other_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o peer_n that_o be_v with_o he_o at_o snodon_n which_o be_v in_o wales_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o a_o english_a parliament_n shall_v be_v summon_v thither_o nor_o be_v any_o footstep_n of_o one_o 444._o to_o be_v find_v nay_o though_o wales_n be_v afterward_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n incorporate_v and_o annex_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o right_n law_n and_o liberty_n wrong_a as_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n notwithstanding_o any_o act_n statute_n or_o usage_n to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v from_o the_o title_n of_o the_o act_n that_o many_o b._n welsh_a custom_n remain_v the_o english_a form_n of_o minister_a law_n and_o justice_n be_v observe_v but_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o till_o the_o make_n that_o act_n all_o the_o welsh_a law_n and_o custom_n allow_v at_o ruthland_n be_v in_o full_a force_n and_o this_o though_o wales_n have_v be_v conquer_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n and_o be_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o ruthland_n declare_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n and_o whatever_o englishman_n go_v to_o inhabit_v in_o wales_n before_o the_o act_n of_o union_n particular_o introduce_v the_o english_a law_n though_o he_o be_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n yet_o be_v he_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n nay_o far_o yet_o w._n 1._o give_v power_n to_o several_a of_o his_o great_a lord_n to_o conquer_v what_o they_o can_v from_o the_o welsh_a nation_n of_o which_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o learned_a judge_n doderidge_n the_o say_v lordship_n and_o land_n so_o conquer_v be_v ordain_v baronies-marchers_a and_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o palatine_a jurisdiction_n erect_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o power_n to_o administer_v justice_n unto_o their_o tenant_n in_o every_o of_o their_o territory_n have_v therein_o court_v with_o divers_a privilege_n franchise_n and_o immunity_n so_o that_o the_o writ_n of_o ordinary_a justice_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_v not_o currant_n among_o they_o nevertheless_o if_o the_o whole_a barony_n have_v come_v in_o question_n or_o that_o the_o strife_n have_v be_v between_o two_o barons-marchers_a touch_v their_o territory_n or_o confine_n thereof_o for_o want_v of_o a_o superior_a they_o have_v recourse_n unto_o the_o king_n their_o supreme_a lord_n and_o in_o these_o and_o such_o like_a case_n where_o their_o own_o jurisdiction_n fail_v justice_n be_v administer_v to_o they_o in_o the_o superior_a court_n of_o this_o realm_n 1._o i_o find_v a_o memorable_a record_n of_o this_o matter_n 9_o e._n etc._n 1._o before_o the_o king_n in_o council_n gilbert_n of_o clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o claim_v to_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o glamorgan_n sicut_fw-la regale_n quidvis_fw-la as_o any_o thing_n royal_a or_o any_o royalty_n by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n be_v require_v to_o answer_v a_o suit_n or_o complaint_n against_o he_o but_o he_o plead_v that_o he_o hold_v those_o land_n of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o ancestor_n conquest_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o conceive_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o answer_v any_o one_o for_o any_o matter_n from_o thence_o without_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n who_o use_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o their_o welsh_a land_n and_o i_o find_v it_o rest_v here_o 77._o in_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o the_o same_o king_n in_o the_o great_a case_n between_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o hereford_n a_o jury_n of_o peer_n and_o other_o be_v summon_v the_o peer_n not_o only_o refuse_v to_o be_v swear_v as_o be_v against_o their_o privilege_n but_o say_v no_o like_o royal_a mandate_n ever_o come_v into_o those_o part_n for_o cause_n concern_v the_o march_n to_o be_v try_v otherwise_o than_o according_a to_o the_o usage_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o part_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o the_o king_n be_v but_o the_o subject_n conquest_n enjoy_v their_o peculiar_a law_n and_o custom_n as_o i_o know_v not_o that_o i_o ever_o oppose_v any_o royal_a prerogative_n warrant_v by_o antiquity_n or_o immediate_a necessity_n neither_o do_v i_o that_o i_o have_v here_o advance_v any_o not_o so_o warrant_v but_o if_o both_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n yield_v such_o countenance_n as_o i_o have_v show_v for_o the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o trade_n to_o particular_a place_n all_o but_o such_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a upon_o the_o penalty_n of_o forfeit_v ship_n and_o good_n and_o that_o this_o forfeiture_n may_v be_v take_v at_o least_o under_o the_o admiralty-jurisdiction_n grant_v to_o the_o company_n if_o martial_a law_n in_o relation_n to_o fact_n arise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v exercise_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o the_o company_n have_v go_v beyond_o those_o rule_n if_o yet_o far_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n may_v receive_v alteration_n according_a to_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o come_v though_o within_o the_o king_n dominion_n then_o to_o punish_v any_o member_n of_o the_o company_n for_o procure_v or_o act_v under_o such_o power_n as_o have_v be_v complain_v of_o may_v seem_v very_o hard_o appendix_n a_o commission_n for_o martial_a law_n grant_v to_o a_o governor_n choose_v by_o the_o east-india_n company_n 43_o eliz._n elizabeth_z by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n queen_n of_o england_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o our_o trusty_a and_o well_o belove_v james_n lancaster_n esq_n greeting_n whereas_o divers_a of_o our_o love_a subject_n have_v be_v humble_a petitioner_n unto_o we_o for_o our_o royal_a assent_n to_o be_v grant_v unto_o they_o that_o they_o at_o their_o own_o adventure_n cost_v and_o charge_n as_o well_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o for_o the_o increase_n and_o advancement_n of_o trade_n of_o