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we_o do_v in_o england_n i._o it_o be_v true_a they_o have_v not_o give_v their_o consent_n all_o at_o once_o but_o single_o and_o one_o by_o one_o they_o have_v do_v and_o constant_o do_v it_o every_o day_n in_o town_n and_o country_n that_o pass_v from_o one_o king_n to_o another_o by_o conquest_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o such_o subject_n as_o do_v not_o like_o the_o religion_n or_o government_n of_o the_o conquer_a prince_n or_o commonwealth_n may_v lawful_o retire_v out_o of_o the_o conquer_a city_n or_o country_n and_o carry_v their_o estate_n with_o they_o or_o else_o sell_v their_o land_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o money_n if_o they_o can_v without_o any_o crime_n so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a it_o be_v only_o from_o the_o acknowledgement_n or_o recognition_n of_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o stay_v there_o that_o this_o conqueror_n come_v to_o have_v any_o right_n to_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n f._n pray_o how_o be_v this_o consent_n or_o acknowledgement_n give_v since_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v be_v not_o exact_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o conquest_n be_v make_v i._o i_o grant_v it_o but_o where_o they_o be_v not_o so_o impose_v nor_o take_v the_o person_n that_o have_v not_o swear_v to_o this_o new_a government_n can_v never_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o active_a obedience_n or_o to_o fight_v for_o or_o serve_v the_o conquer_a prince_n against_o perhaps_o their_o former_a lawful_a sovereign_n yet_o i_o think_v thus_o much_o i_o may_v just_o maintain_v that_o whatever_o prince_n be_v he_o a_o conqueror_n or_o usurper_n who_o be_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n who_o shall_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o administer_v the_o civil_a government_n by_o protect_v the_o conquer_a people_n punish_v malefactor_n and_o do_v equal_a justice_n by_o himself_o or_o his_o judge_n between_o man_n and_o man_n whosoever_o of_o this_o conquer_a people_n will_v continue_v in_o that_o city_n or_o country_n and_o receive_v his_o protection_n and_o enjoy_v all_o the_o other_o right_n of_o other_o subject_n be_v so_o far_o oblige_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o protection_n he_o receive_v as_o to_o yield_v a_o passive_a submission_n to_o all_o the_o law_n that_o such_o a_o conqueror_n shall_v make_v and_o not_o to_o conspire_v against_o or_o disturb_v his_o government_n by_o plot_n or_o rebellion_n but_o indeed_o this_o tacit_n consent_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o conqueror_n authority_n because_o not_o give_v by_o the_o people_n at_o once_o make_v many_o man_n believe_v that_o their_o consent_n be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o make_v a_o conqueror_n power_n obligatory_a as_o to_o they_o not_o but_o that_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o any_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n to_o bind_v man_n to_o a_o strict_a observance_n of_o their_o duty_n and_o also_o to_o a_o active_a obedience_n to_o all_o their_o conqueror_n lawful_a command_n even_o to_o venture_v their_o life_n for_o the_o government_n since_o it_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o community_n if_o they_o be_v so_o require_v f._n i_o be_o well_o enough_o satisfy_v as_o to_o the_o original_a of_o government_n and_o the_o right_n that_o all_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n have_v to_o their_o subject_n allegiance_n whether_o they_o begin_v at_o first_o by_o the_o express_a consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n or_o else_o by_o conquest_n and_o their_o subsequent_a consent_n but_o pray_v satisfy_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o england_n you_o say_v it_o be_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n and_o i_o have_v never_o hear_v that_o question_v but_o how_o do_v this_o limitation_n begin_v whether_o from_o the_o very_a first_o institution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o else_o by_o the_o gracious_a concession_n of_o our_o king_n i._o without_o doubt_n neighbour_n from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o the_o government_n for_o our_o first_o english_a saxon_a king_n be_v make_v so_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o and_o can_v do_v nothing_o considerable_a either_o as_o to_o peace_n or_o war_n without_o its_o consent_n and_o this_o council_n be_v to_o meet_v of_o course_n once_o a_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n from_o the_o king_n and_o often_o by_o his_o summons_n if_o there_o be_v any_o occasion_n for_o it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n have_v always_o from_o beyond_o all_o time_n of_o memory_n enjoy_v the_o same_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n i_o mean_v in_o substance_n that_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n f._n pray_v sir_n what_o be_v those_o fundamental_a right_n and_o privilege_n that_o you_o say_v we_o have_v so_o long_o enjoy_v tell_v i_o what_o they_o be_v i._o i_o will_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o i_o can_v first_o then_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n be_v never_o bind_v to_o observe_v any_o law_n either_o in_o matter_n civil_a or_o religious_a but_o what_o be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n second_o that_o no_o tax_n can_v be_v lawful_o impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n or_o any_o man_n property_n take_v away_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o this_o council_n 3._o that_o this_o great_a council_n have_v ever_o a_o power_n of_o hear_v and_o redress_v all_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n of_o the_o subject_n not_o only_o against_o the_o 2._o oppression_n of_o any_o of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a officer_n or_o minister_n who_o be_v too_o great_a to_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o also_o the_o particular_a wrong_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o queen_n or_o their_o child_n f._n pray_o how_o can_v this_o be_v do_v since_o the_o king_n may_v at_o this_o day_n dissolve_v the_o parliament_n whenever_o he_o please_v i._o i_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o now_o but_o certain_o it_o be_v otherwise_o when_o parliament_n meet_v of_o course_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n once_o a_o year_n without_o any_o summons_n from_o the_o king_n yet_o after_o that_o time_n i_o find_v it_o in_o the_o ancient_a treatise_n call_v the_o manner_n of_o hold_v parliament_n parl._n that_o the_o parliament_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v dissolve_v whilst_o any_o petition_n or_o bill_n depend_v undiscuss_v or_o at_o least_o whereto_o no_o determinate_a answer_n be_v give_v and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v or_o permit_v the_o contrary_a perjurus_fw-la est_fw-la i._n e._n he_o be_v perjure_v and_o even_o at_o this_o day_n the_o two_o house_n may_v just_o refuse_v the_o king_n any_o supply_n of_o money_n whilst_o he_o refuse_v to_o redress_v their_o just_a grievance_n f._n this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o ever_o hear_v of_o before_o but_o pray_v proceed_v to_o tell_v i_o what_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o englishman_n i._o in_o short_a they_o be_v these_o not_o to_o be_v banish_v the_o realm_n or_o imprison_v without_o just_a cause_n nor_o to_o be_v keep_v there_o only_o as_o a_o punishment_n but_o in_o order_n to_o a_o legal_a trial_n not_o to_o be_v try_v condemn_a or_o execute_v without_o a_o lawful_a jury_n of_o his_o peer_n first_o pass_v upon_o he_o unless_o in_o time_n of_o war_n by_o martial-law_n last_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o quarter_n soldier_n without_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o then_o pay_v for_o what_o they_o have_v there_o be_v other_o less_o right_n and_o privilege_n express_v in_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n acknowledge_v and_o confirm_v in_o parliament_n by_o king_n charles_n i._o all_o which_o i_o omit_v but_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a that_o concern_v our_o life_n
those_o several_a king_n reign_v since_o those_o be_v raise_v upon_o levy_v of_o tax_n impose_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a legislative_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n where_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v rebellion_n to_o resist_v whereas_o that_o resistance_n which_o i_o only_o now_o suppose_v to_o be_v lawful_a be_v against_o the_o king_n personal_a command_n or_o commission_n in_o opposition_n to_o know_a law_n which_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o only_o the_o king_n person_n when_o he_o act_v not_o as_o king_n but_o as_o a_o private_a man_n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n be_v not_o this_o to_o separate_v the_o king_n be_v personal_a from_o his_o politic_a capacity_n to_o suppose_v the_o man_n may_v be_v resist_v and_o not_o the_o king_n or_o the_o king_n be_v personal_a but_o not_o his_o legal_a commission_n or_o command_n for_o to_o do_v this_o i_o have_v hear_v have_v be_v declare_v to_o be_v treason_n i._o this_o be_v also_o justifiable_a by_o law_n in_o some_o case_n for_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v happen_v to_o prove_v mad_a as_o divers_a king_n have_v pray_v do_v not_o his_o servant_n about_o he_o hold_v or_o tie_v the_o madman_n and_o yet_o how_o can_v they_o do_v this_o without_o bind_v the_o king_n and_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o difference_n be_v there_o between_o madness_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a disability_n and_o tyranny_n which_o be_v a_o moral_a incapacity_n to_o govern_v since_o both_o be_v alike_o destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n and_o when_o you_o suppose_v we_o may_v lawful_o disobey_v the_o king_n personal_a command_n what_o do_v we_o but_o then_o by_o disobey_v the_o king_n distinguish_v between_o the_o king_n be_v politic_a and_o his_o personal_a capacity_n that_o be_v when_o he_o act_v legal_o as_o king_n and_o when_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o commission_n or_o command_n without_o any_o law_n to_o warrant_v he_o or_o else_o when_o the_o person_n commission_v be_v make_v by_o law_n incapable_a of_o the_o king_n commission_n as_o the_o popish_a officer_n late_o be_v since_o otherwise_o we_o be_v all_o oblige_a to_o yield_v the_o same_o obedience_n to_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o other_o nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o hard_a but_o much_o easy_a to_o judge_v when_o such_o commission_n or_o command_n be_v attend_v with_o force_n and_o violence_n and_o when_o they_o be_v not_o since_o certain_o every_o plain_a country-fellow_n can_v much_o better_o tell_v when_o a_o thing_n contrary_n to_o law_n be_v put_v upon_o or_o exact_v of_o he_o by_o force_n than_o when_o it_o be_v only_o bare_o command_v or_o require_v of_o he_o by_o a_o commission_n or_o proclamation_n see_v the_o latter_a only_o reach_v the_o understanding_n but_o the_o former_a not_o only_o touch_v the_o understanding_n but_o the_o outward_a sense_n of_o hear_v see_v and_o feel_v to_o conclude_v i_o will_v not_o have_v you_o therefore_o believe_v that_o i_o allow_v this_o general_a resistance_n to_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o only_o when_o by_o a_o general_n violation_n of_o our_o fundamental_a liberty_n the_o whole_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n come_v to_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o a_o utter_a ruin_n and_o subversion_n by_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n abovemention_v and_o that_o these_o violation_n and_o oppression_n do_v some_o way_n or_o other_o concern_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o be_v all_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n and_o then_o only_o and_o not_o till_o then_o i_o look_v upon_o such_o a_o general_a resistance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o to_o be_v lawful_a that_o be_v when_o all_o other_o remedy_n be_v become_v absolute_o desperate_a and_o impracticable_a through_o the_o king_n wilful_a obstinacy_n to_o amend_v such_o violation_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a but_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o those_o grand_a violation_n be_v that_o can_v thus_o alter_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o can_v make_v a_o total_a breach_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n i._o they_o do_v i_o conceive_v consist_v but_o in_o a_o few_o point_n and_o they_o be_v these_o first_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v law_n either_o concern_v religion_n or_o civil_a matter_n and_o to_o impose_v then_o upon_o the_o people_n without_o their_o consent_n in_o parliament_n second_o if_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o dispense_v with_o all_o law_n and_o especial_o when_o his_o hand_n be_v tie_v up_o by_o a_o particular_a clause_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o he_o shall_v not_o so_o dispense_v with_o they_o three_o if_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o of_o his_o own_o head_n without_o the_o advice_n or_o opinion_n of_o his_o judge_n to_o raise_v money_n upon_o the_o nation_n or_o four_o if_o he_o corrupt_v the_o judge_n to_o give_v their_o opinion_n according_a to_o his_o humour_n either_o by_o promise_v of_o reward_n or_o threaten_v they_o if_o they_o refuse_v and_o will_v put_v none_o into_o those_o place_n who_o will_v not_o do_v whatever_o he_o command_v they_o or_o turn_v they_o out_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o act_v otherwise_o five_o if_o he_o go_v about_o to_o alter_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n and_o bring_v the_o election_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o only_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o of_o his_o own_o party_n or_o opinion_n whereby_o our_o liberty_n of_o elect_v and_o vote_v by_o our_o lawful_a representative_n will_v be_v quite_o take_v away_o the_o like_a i_o may_v also_o say_v of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n if_o he_o shall_v go_v by_o force_n either_o to_o exclude_v the_o bishop_n or_o temporal_a lord_n who_o have_v a_o right_n of_o sit_v there_o by_o prescription_n and_o shall_v under_o pretence_n of_o his_o prerogative_n bring_v such_o as_o have_v no_o right_a to_o sit_v there_o at_o all_o six_o and_o last_o if_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o common_o or_o general_o to_o take_v away_o the_o subject_n life_n liberty_n or_o estate_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n contrary_a to_o law_n upon_o pretend_a crime_n and_o without_o such_o due_a trial_n as_o the_o law_n require_v now_o i_o think_v you_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o most_o if_o not_o all_o of_o these_o head_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o that_o extremity_n that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o it_o f._n but_o pray_v sir_n tell_v i_o who_o shall_v judge_v of_o these_o violation_n or_o what_o number_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o rise_v and_o redress_v they_o i._o the_o judge_n be_v i_o tell_v you_o before_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nation_n or_o people_n every_o one_o in_o his_o private_a capacity_n that_o be_v not_o the_o clergy_n alone_o or_o the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o minores_fw-la less_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n and_o much_o less_o you_o yeoman_n or_o land_v man_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o mere_a rabble_n or_o mob_n but_o all_o man_n of_o all_o order_n and_o condition_n take_v together_o and_o as_o for_o the_o number_n it_o be_v any_o though_o never_o so_o small_a that_o be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o head_n till_o more_o can_v come_v into_o their_o assistance_n f._n but_o will_v not_o a_o free_a parliament_n be_v a_o much_o better_a judge_n of_o these_o violalation_n than_o this_o general_a body_n of_o the_o people_n i._o i_o grant_v it_o if_o a_o parliament_n may_v be_v have_v that_o be_v free_a and_o unbiased_a but_o what_o if_o the_o king_n resolve_v not_o to_o call_v any_o or_o if_o he_o do_v will_v not_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o sit_v till_o they_o have_v redress_v our_o grievance_n or_o what_o if_o he_o will_v not_o call_v one_o till_o he_o think_v he_o can_v make_v or_o pack_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o mind_n the_o nation_n may_v at_o this_o rate_n be_v enslave_v as_o 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so_o that_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v our_o own_o happiness_n we_o englishman_n be_v blessed_v with_o such_o noble_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n that_o i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n where_o all_o degree_n and_o rank_n of_o man_n may_v live_v more_o happy_o than_o we_o do_v and_o as_o for_o the_o king_n though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o have_v not_o a_o absolute_a unlimited_a power_n of_o do_v whatever_o he_o will_v yet_o he_o have_v sufficient_a to_o protect_v his_o subject_n and_o bountiful_o to_o reward_v those_o that_o serve_v he_o faithful_o and_o whenever_o he_o undertake_v any_o foreign_a war_n with_o the_o general_a consent_n and_o assistance_n of_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n he_o most_o common_o prove_v a_o terror_n to_o those_o who_o dare_v oppose_v he_o f._n i_o be_o very_o sensible_a of_o this_o happiness_n we_o enjoy_v and_o therefore_o when_o i_o think_v how_o miserable_o the_o poor_a countryman_n live_v in_o france_n and_o other_o 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commons_o in_o parliament_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o violate_v by_o his_o take_v away_o of_o charter_n from_o corporation_n and_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o impose_v a_o parliament_n upon_o the_o nation_n of_o such_o man_n as_o will_v not_o only_o take_v off_o the_o penal_a law_n from_o papist_n and_o all_o other_o dissenter_n but_o who_o will_v also_o have_v confirm_v to_o the_o king_n that_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o dispense_n with_o what_o law_n he_o please_v which_o will_v indeed_o have_v render_v parliament_n whole_o useless_a and_o be_v as_o good_a as_o put_v the_o whole_a legislative_a power_n into_o the_o sole_a person_n of_o the_o king_n f._n but_o the_o original_a contract_n puzzle_v we_o yet_o more_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o i_o hear_v parson-slave-all_a at_o a_o neighbour_a gentleman_n house_n the_o other_o day_n ask_v whether_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o convention_n have_v not_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o under_o his_o cushion_n for_o he_o can_v never_o yet_o light_a upon_o it_o in_o any_o english_a history_n or_o law-book_n i._o pray_v tell_v that_o witty_a parson_n next_o time_n you_o meet_v he_o that_o if_o he_o please_v to_o look_v over_o our_o history_n and_o law-book_n that_o in_o the_o very_a same_o leaf_n where_o the_o divine_a hereditary_a right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o a_o right_a line_n be_v establish_v as_o a_o unalterable_a and_o fundamental_a law_n in_o the_o very_a next_o clause_n he_o may_v find_v this_o original_a contract_n but_o not_o to_o banter_n you_o i_o will_v tell_v you_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o expression_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o that_o compact_a or_o bargain_n which_o be_v first_o enter_v into_o between_o king_n james_n ancestor_n or_o predecessor_n and_o under_o who_o title_n he_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n whereby_o they_o bind_v themselves_o by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n when_o they_o take_v the_o crown_n upon_o they_o at_o their_o coronation_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o govern_v the_o people_n according_a to_o these_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o mercy_n that_o be_v in_o short_a act_v according_a to_o law_n which_o oath_n or_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v constant_o renew_v every_o fresh_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v capable_a of_o take_v it_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o as_o the_o king_n upon_o observe_v this_o compact_a by_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n have_v a_o right_n to_o his_o subject_n allegiance_n so_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o act_v according_a to_o it_o but_o will_v wilful_o violate_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n by_o law_n and_o by_o destroy_v his_o own_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n thereby_o also_o dissolve_v that_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n which_o before_o bind_v his_o subject_n to_o he_o as_o well_o in_o duty_n as_o affection_n f._n but_o how_o can_v you_o prove_v that_o this_o contract_n be_v mutual_a or_o that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o enjoy_v his_o crown_n only_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o observe_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o positive_o assert_v by_o those_o that_o be_v very_o well_o skill_v in_o our_o law_n that_o the_o king_n be_v as_o much_o king_n before_o ever_o he_o be_v crown_v as_o afterward_o and_o that_o he_o may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v ever_o take_v any_o coronation_n oath_n or_o not_o i._o i_o will_v not_o now_o dispute_v that_o point_n with_o you_o but_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v at_o this_o day_n refuse_v to_o be_v crown_v because_o he_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o be_v tie_v by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o people_n if_o they_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o that_o oath_n his_o predecessor_n have_v all_o along_o take_v for_o so_o many_o succession_n may_v not_o as_o well_o refuse_v to_o take_v he_o for_o their_o king_n since_o he_o refuse_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n upon_o those_o condition_n that_o his_o ancestor_n at_o first_o take_v it_o and_o so_o may_v look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o good_a as_o discharge_v of_o all_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o since_o those_o oath_n be_v no_o doubt_n at_o first_o institute_v on_o this_o mutual_a consideration_n that_o both_o shall_v observe_v their_o part_n and_o not_o that_o one_o side_n shall_v be_v loose_a and_o the_o other_o fast_o but_o to_o show_v you_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o every_o coronation_n oath_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n a_o renewal_n of_o this_o original_a contract_n may_v appear_v from_o these_o consideration_n 1._o that_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v elect_v or_o at_o least_o confirm_v by_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n 29._o
reign_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o king_n enjoy_v their_o crown_n be_v it_o for_o life_n or_o entail_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o solemn_a oath_n or_o contract_n which_o be_v take_v by_o the_o first_o king_n aught_o by_o law_n to_o be_v renew_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o king_n reign_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o our_o king_n be_v not_o only_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o express_a oath_n or_o contract_n with_o their_o subject_n but_o also_o by_o the_o imply_v oath_n or_o compact_n of_o their_o predecessor_n under_o who_o title_n they_o claim_v and_o king_n james_n i._o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o double_a contract_n that_o he_o express_o mention_n it_o in_o one_o of_o his_o speech_n to_o 1609._o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n where_o he_o very_o well_o distinguish_v between_o both_o those_o contract_n tell_v they_o that_o a_o king_n in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n bind_v himself_o by_o a_o double_a oath_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n tacit_o as_o be_v a_o king_n that_o be_v claim_v under_o his_o ancestor_n and_o so_o bind_v to_o protect_v they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o express_o by_o his_o own_o oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n so_o as_o every_o just_a king_n in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v that_o paction_n or_o covenant_n make_v to_o his_o people_n by_o his_o law_n in_o form_v his_o government_n agreeable_a thereunto_o according_a to_o that_o paction_n which_o god_n make_v to_o noah_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o tell_v they_o that_o therefore_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n leave_v to_o be_v a_o king_n and_o degenerate_v into_o a_o tyrant_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o leave_v off_o to_o rule_v according_a to_o his_o law_n and_o then_o conclude_v that_o all_o king_n who_o be_v not_o tyrant_n nor_o perjure_a will_v be_v glad_a to_o bind_v themselves_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o law_n and_o they_o that_o persuade_v they_o otherwise_o be_v the_o worst_a viper_n and_o pest_n both_o against_o they_o and_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o by_o king_n james_n own_o concession_n that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o fundamental_a law_n but_o a_o original_a contract_n which_o he_o there_o call_v a_o paction_n or_o covenant_n to_o observe_v they_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o king_n or_o monarch_n to_o this_o day_n and_o that_o when_o he_o cease_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o this_o compact_a which_o he_o here_o call_v his_o law_n he_o then_o become_v a_o tyrant_n f._n but_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v that_o william_n the_o first_o after_o he_o have_v conquer_v england_n distribute_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n to_o his_o norman_a and_o french_a follower_n and_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o original_a contract_n ever_o enter_v into_o by_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n it_o be_v quite_o void_a upon_o the_o conqueror_n obtain_v the_o crown_n and_o subdue_a all_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n so_o that_o whatever_o liberty_n we_o now_o enjoy_v they_o be_v but_o the_o gracious_a concession_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n without_o any_o such_o original_a compact_n i._o i_o confess_v it_o be_v so_o allege_a by_o some_o high_a fly_a gentleman_n who_o if_o they_o can_v will_v make_v we_o all_o slave_n to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a will_n but_o without_o any_o just_a ground_n in_o my_o opinion_n since_o every_o one_o of_o their_o supposition_n be_v either_o false_a or_o build_v upon_o rot_a foundation_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n a_o conquest_n in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v can_v confer_v no_o right_n on_o the_o conqueror_n over_o a_o free_a people_n and_o if_o this_o war_n be_v never_o so_o just_a yet_o can_v not_o he_o thereby_o have_v acquire_v any_o right_n over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o the_o war_n be_v not_o make_v against_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o harold_n only_o who_o have_v usurp_v the_o crown_n contrary_a to_o right_o so_o that_o king_n william_n can_v have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o without_o the_o people_n consent_n in_o their_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n which_o most_o of_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n say_v he_o obtain_v but_o indeed_o king_n william_n who_o you_o call_v the_o conqueror_n never_o claim_v by_o that_o title_n but_o by_o the_o donation_n or_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n as_o all_o his_o english-saxon_a predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o nor_o do_v he_o give_v all_o nor_o yet_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n to_o his_o norman_a follower_n as_o you_o suppose_v or_o if_o he_o have_v will_v it_o do_v the_o business_n for_o which_o it_o be_v urge_v since_o his_o norman_a and_o french_a follower_n to_o who_o he_o give_v those_o land_n be_v never_o conquer_v but_o be_v if_o any_o thing_n the_o conqueror_n 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resistance_n of_o those_o commission_n though_o issue_v by_o the_o king_n and_o which_o be_v justifiable_a by_o law_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o instance_n which_o rule_n hold_v good_a as_o long_o as_o the_o law_n can_v be_v permit_v to_o have_v their_o due_a course_n but_o what_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o permit_v that_o they_o shall_v but_o will_v take_v part_n with_o this_o wicked_a officer_n and_o his_o soldier_n and_o maintain_v they_o in_o these_o violent_a action_n and_o either_o not_o let_v the_o law_n pass_v upon_o they_o or_o if_o it_o do_v shall_v constant_o pardon_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v commit_v any_o such_o violent_a illegal_a act_n by_o his_o command_n contrary_a to_o law_n can_v any_o man_n believe_v that_o such_o proceed_n if_o common_o practise_v will_v not_o quick_o dissolve_v the_o government_n and_o make_v such_o a_o king_n cease_v to_o be_v so_o since_o he_o refuse_v to_o govern_v and_o protect_v his_o subject_n according_a to_o law_n and_o his_o own_o coronation_n oath_n which_o virtual_o contain_v those_o condition_n on_o which_o he_o hold_v his_o crown_n for_o when_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o king_n court_n it_o than_o become_v a_o mere_a anarchy_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o rapine_n and_o confusion_n and_o consequent_o put_v man_n in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n f._n i_o have_v i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v to_o this_o but_o can_v you_o show_v i_o any_o express_a law_n for_o the_o king_n be_v cease_v to_o be_v so_o in_o case_n he_o thus_o leave_v off_o to_o protect_v his_o people_n and_o govern_v they_o according_a the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n i._o yes_o that_o i_o can_v for_o i_o can_v show_v you_o a_o good_a old_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n 60._o which_o be_v also_o among_o those_o that_o be_v confirm_v by_o k._n will._n i._n whereby_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n who_o be_v god_n lieutenant_n be_v appoint_v to_o this_o end_n that_o he_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n and_o people_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n reverence_n his_o holy_a church_n and_o defend_v it_o from_o injury_n and_o take_v away_o wicked_a doer_n from_o it_o which_o unless_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n of_o king_n shall_v remain_v to_o he_o neo_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la constabit_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a which_o be_v likewise_o confirm_v by_o bracton_n 2._o a_o ancient_a lawyer_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n crown_n or_o authority_n to_o do_v justice_n and_o judgement_n and_o to_o maintain_v peace_n without_o which_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o crown_n or_o authority_n can_v consist_v or_o be_v retain_v so_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o it_o
be_v not_o the_o king_n where_o only_o will_v and_o not_o law_n govern_v and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v to_o do_v justice_n to_o all_o man_n therefore_o when_o he_o thus_o abuse_v his_o power_n and_o deviate_n from_o the_o main_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n his_o authority_n cease_v or_o be_v at_o a_o end_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o lawyer_n have_v declare_v that_o a_o king_n who_o wilful_o act_v contrary_a to_o these_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n by_o turn_v tyrant_n and_o by_o endeavour_v to_o alter_v the_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o by_o thus_o break_v his_o contract_n abovementioned_a lose_v or_o forfeit_v all_o his_o regal_a dignity_n and_o power_n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n how_o can_v this_o be_v since_o our_o late_a statute_n declare_v the_o king_n not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o coercive_a power_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o 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the_o viith_n time_n and_o as_o they_o do_v late_o in_o plunder_v pull_v down_o and_o burn_v popish_a gentleman_n house_n etc._n etc._n i._o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v i_o for_o i_o do_v not_o put_v this_o power_n of_o judge_v any_o where_o but_o where_o it_o ever_o be_v much_o less_o to_o give_v a_o power_n of_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o raise_v rebellion_n to_o the_o mob_n or_o most_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o first_o to_o show_v you_o that_o every_o man_n in_o his_o several_a station_n and_o at_o his_o peril_n be_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o legality_n and_o illegality_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n or_o proclamation_n pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n suppose_v that_o the_o king_n grant_v a_o commission_n to_o certain_a of_o we_o country_n gentleman_n to_o raise_v a_o tax_n contrary_n to_o law_n be_v we_o oblige_v to_o obey_v it_o or_o not_o f._n no_o sure_a you_o be_v not_o because_o you_o shall_v be_v punish_v not_o only_o in_o parliament_n but_o at_o common_a law_n if_o you_o do_v i._o well_o then_o it_o seem_v that_o we_o justice_n and_o deputy-lieutenant_n may_v judge_v in_o this_o case_n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o suppose_v we_o shall_v notwithstanding_o order_v this_o tax_n to_o be_v levy_v and_o you_o be_v high-constable_n of_o the_o hundred_o do_v you_o think_v yourself_o oblige_v blind_o to_o obey_v our_o order_n be_v so_o notorious_o contrary_a to_o law_n f._n i_o think_v true_o i_o shall_v not_o but_o shall_v plain_o tell_v your_o worship_n that_o i_o be_v not_o oblige_v either_o by_o law_n or_o in_o conscience_n to_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o oppress_v myself_o and_o my_o neighbour_n and_o shall_v desire_v you_o to_o put_v this_o ungrateful_a task_n upon_o some_o body_n else_o since_o i_o think_v myself_o liable_a to_o be_v call_v to_o account_v one_o time_n or_o other_o if_o i_o do_v it_o i._o very_o well_o but_o if_o you_o and_o the_o other_o high-constable_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v agree_v with_o we_o justice_n to_o raise_v this_o tax_n do_v you_o think_v the_o petty-constable_n and_o assessor_n be_v oblige_v to_o act_v by_o this_o new_a commission_n contrary_a to_o law_n f._n i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o if_o we_o high-constable_n shall_v be_v such_o fool_n and_o knave_n the_o petty-constable_n and_o assessor_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v so_o too_o i._o well_o then_o you_o see_v that_o not_o only_o we_o gentleman_n but_o you_o yeoman_n can_v judge_v nay_o be_v oblige_v at_o your_o peril_n to_o do_v it_o when_o thing_n be_v impose_v upon_o you_o contrary_a to_o law_n nay_o and_o to_o refuse_v to_o execute_v they_o too_o f._n i_o grant_v all_o this_o be_v true_a but_o this_o be_v not_o resistance_n by_o force_n but_o i_o suppose_v you_o gentleman_n will_v count_v it_o downright_a rebellion_n in_o we_o country-fellow_n if_o you_o shall_v tell_v we_o such_o a_o tax_n already_o impose_v be_v according_a to_o law_n and_o we_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o pay_v it_o as_o to_o raise_v the_o country_n and_o fall_v upon_o you_o commissioner_n that_o go_v about_o to_o raise_v it_o by_o distrain_v or_o imprison_v the_o refuser_n i._o by_o your_o favour_n neighbour_n your_o very_a refusal_n to_o levy_v this_o tax_n be_v a_o civil_a resistance_n since_o all_o disobedience_n to_o the_o command_n of_o superior_n be_v so_o as_o proceed_v from_o a_o right_n that_o those_o that_o disobey_v suppose_v they_o have_v of_o judge_v of_o the_o legality_n or_o illegality_n of_o such_o command_n but_o as_o for_o forceable_a resistance_n though_o i_o do_v not_o allow_v it_o to_o you_o or_o any_o man_n else_o as_o long_o as_o no_o force_n be_v use_v against_o they_o yet_o so_o much_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o we_o deputy-lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n shall_v ever_o be_v so_o foolish_o wicked_a as_o to_o take_v upon_o we_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o trainband_n or_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o levy_v any_o tax_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o colour_n of_o law_n at_o least_o but_o that_o not_o only_o you_o of_o this_o county_n but_o of_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n may_v lawful_o stand_v upon_o your_o defence_n and_o resist_v this_o rapine_n and_o violence_n since_o if_o this_o be_v once_o permit_v it_o will_v in_o a_o moment_n alter_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n in_o a_o main_a fundamental_a point_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v of_o any_o other_o matter_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o you_o by_o force_n contrary_a to_o law_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o or_o without_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o warrant_v it_o nor_o will_v this_o justify_v all_o the_o rebellion_n you_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o common_a people_n in_o
ground_n and_o this_o have_v be_v the_o course_n of_o all_o parliament_n that_o have_v be_v call_v immediate_o after_o any_o great_a and_o general_a resistance_n or_o revolution_n make_v upon_o the_o account_n abovemention_v this_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o from_o several_a instance_n in_o divers_a king_n reign_v since_o the_o conquest_n be_v it_o worth_a my_o pain_n but_o still_o in_o all_o those_o case_n the_o first_o opposition_n have_v be_v from_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n together_o as_o you_o may_v particular_o read_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n not_o long_o before_o the_o great_a council_n at_o runney_n mead._n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n can_v you_o also_o justify_v those_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n who_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o declare_v for_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o also_o those_o lord_n together_o with_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n who_o desert_v the_o king_n and_o go_v into_o the_o prince_n army_n pray_v sir_n do_v you_o look_v upon_o the_o government_n to_o be_v then_o actual_o dissolve_v when_o they_o go_v in_o to_o he_o and_o that_o the_o king_n by_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n be_v then_o no_o long_o king_n i._o i_o do_v not_o say_v so_o for_o though_o those_o violation_n if_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o without_o amendment_n be_v enough_o to_o create_v such_o a_o dissolution_n and_o consequent_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o they_o wrought_v at_o the_o last_o yet_o the_o government_n can_v never_o be_v dissolve_v so_o long_o as_o there_o remain_v any_o hope_n that_o the_o king_n will_v amend_v those_o violation_n he_o have_v make_v in_o a_o free_a parliament_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o his_o highness_n come_v over_o so_o be_v it_o also_o of_o those_o lord_n gentleman_n and_o officer_n go_v in_o to_o he_o or_o declare_v for_o he_o and_o this_o i_o think_v they_o may_v very_o well_o justify_v both_o in_o honour_n and_o conscience_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o people_n of_o other_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o this_o have_v many_o time_n do_v before_o in_o former_a age_n when_o their_o king_n be_v mislead_v and_o delude_v by_o evil_a councillor_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n have_v make_v the_o like_a breach_n upon_o their_o liberty_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v such_o take_n up_o of_o arm_n have_v not_o always_o meet_v with_o the_o desire_a success_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o have_v and_o then_o such_o wicked_a judge_n and_o councillor_n have_v not_o fail_v to_o be_v punish_v and_o those_o lord_n gentleman_n and_o other_o who_o so_o noble_o and_o stout_o stand_v up_o for_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v be_v also_o pardon_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o with_o the_o king_n be_v own_o consent_n when_o those_o wicked_a man_n be_v once_o remove_v but_o the_o king_n himselff_n be_v never_o touch_v till_o by_o his_o own_o wilful_a and_o obstinate_a persist_v in_o such_o violent_a course_n he_o let_v the_o nation_n see_v that_o he_o be_v whole_o irreclaimable_a and_o obstinate_o bend_v to_o destroy_v our_o liberty_n and_o set_v up_o arbitrary_a government_n and_o tyranny_n in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o several_a instance_n in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n henry_n iii_o edward_n i._n and_o richard_n ii_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o give_v you_o a_o particular_a history_n of_o all_o those_o transaction_n so_o that_o i_o suppose_v a_o twofold_a right_n of_o resistance_n in_o the_o people_n the_o one_o warrant_v by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n which_o may_v well_o consist_v with_o our_o loyalty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n only_o to_o obtain_v a_o free_a parliament_n to_o redress_v grievance_n and_o punish_v those_o evil_a councillor_n who_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a minister_n and_o designer_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n james_n before_o his_o departure_n the_o other_o natural_a when_o the_o government_n by_o the_o king_n be_v wilful_a and_o obstinate_a refusal_n to_o redress_v such_o grievance_n by_o cease_v to_o govern_v we_o according_a to_o law_n he_o thereby_o also_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n and_o then_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o civil_a society_n be_v without_o a_o head_n to_o execute_v common_a justice_n be_v absolute_o dissolve_v f._n what_o then_o be_v mean_v by_o these_o word_n in_o the_o late_a vote_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o convention_n viz._n that_o king_n james_n have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n do_v you_o believe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v bare_a delertion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o he_o declare_v he_o can_v not_o help_v it_o shall_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o in_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n methinks_v that_o seem_v somewhat_o hard_a to_o conceive_v i._o to_o deal_v free_o with_o you_o i_o never_o understand_v the_o word_n abdicate_v in_o that_o sense_n but_o only_o according_a to_o all_o the_o precedent_a clause_n in_o this_o vote_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n by_o endeavour_v to_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o jesuit_n and_o wicked_a person_n have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o have_v withdraw_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n abdicate_v relate_v to_o all_o the_o clause_n aforego_v as_o well_o as_o to_o his_o desert_v the_o kingdom_n or_o else_o they_o will_v have_v be_v whole_o in_o vain_a so_o that_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o word_n in_o this_o place_n be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o king_n james_n by_o violate_v the_o original_a contract_n abovemention_v and_o by_o endeavour_v to_o subvert_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n and_o by_o refuse_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o its_o former_a condition_n all_o which_o be_v express_v by_o his_o withdraw_a himself_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n that_o be_v by_o refuse_v to_o govern_v we_o according_a to_o that_o law_n by_o which_o he_o hold_v the_o crown_n he_o have_v implicit_o renounce_v his_o title_n to_o it_o as_o when_o for_o example_n a_o tenant_n for_o life_n alien_n in_o fee_n though_o he_o take_v back_o from_o the_o grantee_n a_o lease_n for_o life_n or_o year_n yet_o he_o thereby_o forfeit_v his_o estate_n and_o the_o tenant_n in_o reversion_n may_v enter_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o he_o part_n with_o that_o estate_n which_o he_o hold_v by_o law_n and_o will_v hold_v by_o another_o title_n which_o the_o law_n do_v not_o allow_v for_o abdicare_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o to_o renounce_v or_o disclaim_v as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a phrase_n in_o that_o language_n be_v you_o a_o scholar_n good_a enough_o to_o understand_v they_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o divers_a other_o mean_n beside_o express_a word_n for_o if_o kingship_n be_v a_o trust_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n than_o such_o act_n contrary_a to_o that_o trust_n as_o plain_o strike_v at_o the_o very_a fundamental_o of_o the_o constutution_n be_v not_o only_o a_o breach_n of_o that_o trust_n but_o a_o tacit_a renunciation_n of_o it_o also_o which_o i_o prove_v thus_o the_o do_v of_o any_o act_n that_o be_v utter_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o be_v and_o end_v of_o the_o thing_n for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v be_v as_o true_a a_o renounce_v or_o abdication_n of_o that_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v make_v in_o express_a word_n as_o i_o have_v now_o prove_v in_o the_o case_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n f._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v more_o than_o ever_o i_o hear_v before_o but_o pray_v what_o do_v you_o think_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o convention_n make_v use_v of_o this_o hard_a word_n abdicate_v which_o i_o confess_v to_o we_o country_n fellow_n seem_v as_o bad_a as_o heathen_a greek_a when_o they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v make_v use_n of_o plain_a expression_n such_o as_o renounce_v or_o forfeit_v which_o you_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o i._o i_o will_v tell_v you_o neighbour_n my_o opinion_n of_o this_o matter_n and_o if_o i_o be_o out_o you_o must_v pardon_v i_o because_o those_o wise_a man_n in_o the_o convention_n who_o have_v the_o wording_n of_o this_o vote_n be_v afraid_a that_o those_o plain_a word_n you_o mention_v will_v have_v be_v of_o too_o hard_a digestion_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n gentleman_n who_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o with_o different_a principle_n and_o
common_a ancestor_n on_o who_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v otherwise_o brother_n or_o sister_n by_o the_o half_a blood_n can_v never_o succeed_v to_o each_o other_o as_o queen_n mary_n do_v to_o king_n edward_n the_o vith_o i._o well_o neighbour_n i_o see_v you_o have_v either_o read_v littleton_n or_o else_o be_v very_o well_o instruct_v in_o this_o law_n concern_v entail_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v argue_v this_o point_n no_o far_o with_o you_o but_o if_o the_o throne_n be_v not_o vacant_a pray_v then_o tell_v i_o who_o think_v you_o the_o convention_n shall_v have_v immediate_o declare_v king_n or_o queen_n whether_o the_o titular_a or_o pretend_a prince_n of_o wales_n or_o the_o princess_n of_o orange_n since_o only_o one_o of_o these_o can_v claim_v as_o heir_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o entail_v you_o now_o mention_v f._n no_o doubt_n but_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n will_v have_v be_v the_o right_a heir_n can_v we_o have_v be_v assure_v of_o his_o be_v real_o bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n but_o since_o i_o confess_v there_o be_v a_o great_a doubt_n in_o most_o person_n throughout_o the_o whole_a nation_n concern_v it_o i_o must_v so_o far_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o be_v declare_v king_n till_o his_o legitimacy_n be_v clear_v and_o those_o just_a suspicion_n we_o lie_v under_o to_o the_o contrary_a take_v away_o but_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n till_o this_o be_v do_v i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o the_o convention_n can_v well_o justify_v their_o place_v the_o princess_n of_o orange_n or_o any_o body_n else_o in_o the_o throne_n i._o we_o shall_v come_v to_o that_o by_o and_o by_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v observe_v that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a and_o general_a doubt_n who_o be_v the_o next_o lawful_a heir_n whether_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n or_o the_o princess_n of_o orange_n now_o in_o dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n in_o all_o the_o hereditary_a limit_a monarchy_n in_o europe_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v always_o be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a judge_n of_o such_o controversy_n and_o who_o they_o have_v own_v and_o admit_v as_o next_o heir_n have_v always_o be_v take_v and_o own_a for_o lawful_a king_n both_o at_o home_o and_o abroad_o as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a instance_n not_o only_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n but_o france_n spain_n and_o portugal_n and_o till_o this_o be_v do_v the_o throne_n must_v necessary_o remain_v vacant_a and_o all_o this_o without_o make_v the_o crown_n elective_a for_o what_o be_v this_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n but_o when_o through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ordinary_a subject_n who_o to_o place_n therein_o by_o reason_n of_o divers_a claim_n of_o different_a competitor_n none_o can_v be_v admit_v to_o fill_v it_o that_o be_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o kingly_a office_n till_o these_o dispute_n can_v be_v decide_v by_o their_o proper_a judge_n viz._n the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o declare_v the_o throne_n to_o be_v vacant_a since_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v so_o till_o they_o be_v full_o satisfy_v who_o ought_v to_o fill_v it_o f._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v carry_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n with_o it_o but_o how_o can_v you_o justify_v the_o convention_n place_v their_o present_a majesty_n on_o the_o throne_n without_o ever_o so_o much_o as_o examine_v whether_o the_o suppose_a prince_n of_o wales_n be_v real_o bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o queen_n or_o not_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n aught_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v after_o whereas_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o convention_n nor_o yet_o the_o present_a parliament_n have_v take_v any_o more_o notice_n of_o he_o than_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o nature_n as_o a_o son_n then_o bear_v or_o pretend_v to_o be_v bear_v during_o the_o marriage_n between_o the_o late_a king_n and_o queen_n i._o if_o the_o convention_n have_v do_v well_o in_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a i_o think_v i_o can_v easy_o justify_v their_o fill_n it_o with_o their_o present_a majesty_n and_o that_o upon_o two_o several_a consideration_n the_o first_o be_v that_o i_o suppose_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n by_o his_o victory_n over_o king_n james_n sufficient_o declare_v by_o his_o fly_v from_o salisbury_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n and_o then_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n if_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o else_o do_v thereby_o lose_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o the_o people_n allegiance_n and_o the_o nation_n be_v then_o free_a and_o without_o any_o king_n who_o have_v a_o better_a right_o to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n their_o deliverer_n and_o beside_o this_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o nation_n king_n james_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v have_v abdicate_v or_o forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o notorious_a breach_n of_o the_o contract_n abovementioned_a and_o by_o his_o wilful_a persist_v in_o it_o i_o look_v upon_o the_o whole_a nation_n at_o his_o departure_n as_o full_o discharge_v from_o all_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n not_o only_o to_o king_n james_n but_o to_o his_o heir_n likewise_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o look_v after_o this_o suppose_a prince_n nor_o to_o examine_v his_o legitimacy_n as_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n f._n i_o can_v comprehend_v how_o this_o can_v consist_v with_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o king_n james_n which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n and_o to_o their_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n and_o sure_a i_o think_v nothing_o less_o than_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v alter_v these_o former_a statute_n and_o solemn_a declaration_n concern_v the_o succession_n in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o say_v that_o the_o convention_n who_o certain_o be_v no_o parliament_n can_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o lawful_a king_n and_o parliament_n alter_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o succession_n since_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v undo_v but_o by_o the_o same_o power_n that_o make_v it_o and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o convention_n be_v too_o quick_a in_o declare_v their_o present_a majesty_n king_n and_o queen_n before_o they_o have_v examine_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n title_n who_o be_v common_o repute_v and_o pray_v for_o in_o all_o our_o church_n as_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n i._o i_o confess_v you_o have_v in_o few_o word_n urge_v all_o that_o can_v well_o be_v say_v against_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o convention_n in_o declare_v their_o present_a majesty_n king_n and_o queen_n therefore_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o have_v be_v misinform_v that_o because_o the_o act_n for_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n oblige_v we_o to_o take_v it_o to_o the_o late_a king_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n that_o therefore_o no_o person_n can_v be_v such_o a_o lawful_a successor_n unless_o he_o claim_v in_o a_o right_a line_n by_o descent_n from_o the_o last_o king_n since_o long_o before_o these_o act_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ancient_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n at_o common_a law_n and_o which_o use_v to_o be_v require_v in_o all_o court-leet_n man_n be_v as_o much_o oblige_v to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n as_o they_o can_v be_v by_o any_o of_o these_o late_a oath_n and_o yet_o no_o body_n then_o doubt_v before_o those_o act_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o that_o person_n who_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v solemn_o declare_v to_o be_v lawful_a king_n or_o queen_n without_o ever_o examine_v whether_o such_o king_n or_o queen_n be_v real_o and_o true_o next_o heir_n by_o blood_n or_o not_o as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o divers_a example_n have_v i_o now_o time_n for_o it_o and_o there_o be_v indeed_o great_a reason_n for_o their_o so_o do_v for_o since_o all_o dispute_n about_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n must_v be_v decide_v by_o some_o proper_a judge_n or_o else_o be_v leave_v whole_o to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o since_o as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o all_o the_o limit_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n the_o estate_n of_o such_o kingdom_n have_v be_v always_o appeal_v to_o by_o all_o the_o contend_a party_n as_o their_o only_a proper_a judge_n of_o their_o dispute_v title_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o
all_o private_a subject_n shall_v submit_v and_o acquiesce_v in_o their_o final_a judgement_n since_o they_o be_v all_o virtual_o represent_v in_o such_o assembly_n as_o the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o nation_n therefore_o if_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o england_n have_v for_o divers_a weighty_a reason_n think_v fit_a to_o declare_v their_o present_a majesty_n lawful_a king_n and_o queen_n and_o to_o place_v they_o on_o the_o throne_n as_o then_o vacant_a by_o king_n james_n abdication_n i_o think_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o they_o and_o to_o confirm_v it_o by_o the_o oath_n appoint_v for_o that_o end_n whenever_o they_o shall_v be_v lawful_o require_v thereunto_o f._n well_o sir_n but_o be_v not_o this_o to_o alter_v one_o part_n of_o the_o original_a contract_n which_o those_o that_o be_v against_o the_o present_a settlement_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o right_n of_o hereditary_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o in_o a_o right_a line_n so_o that_o if_o the_o suppose_a prince_n of_o wales_n be_v lawful_a heir_n to_o king_n james_n to_o place_v any_o body_n else_o therein_o seem_v to_o render_v the_o crown_n for_o the_o future_a not_o successive_a but_o elective_a for_o if_o it_o may_v be_v bestow_v now_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o present_a convention_n it_o may_v be_v do_v so_o again_o the_o next_o succession_n and_o so_o the_o right_a heir_n put_v by_o from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o the_o same_o or_o some_o like_a reason_n as_o now_o i._o that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o follow_v for_o if_o you_o will_v allow_v that_o the_o throne_n be_v vacant_a by_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n james_n and_o that_o her_o present_a majesty_n queen_n mary_n be_v lawful_a heir_n if_o the_o pretend_a prince_n of_o wales_n be_v away_o i_o will_v prove_v to_o you_o that_o the_o late_a convention_n and_o present_a parliament_n have_v do_v 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grant_v it_o but_o what_o do_v you_o infer_v from_o hence_o i._o why_o only_o these_o two_o conclusion_n one_a that_o neither_o the_o convention_n nor_o parliament_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o right_n of_o any_o person_n though_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n if_o he_o be_v no_o necessary_a part_n or_o member_n of_o parliament_n if_o neither_o himself_n nor_o any_o body_n for_o he_o will_v put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o the_o demise_n of_o the_o king_n either_o by_o death_n or_o abdication_n as_o in_o the_o case_n now_o before_o we_o there_o be_v then_o a_o claim_v make_v in_o the_o late_a convention_n by_o his_o highness_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o consort_n the_o princess_n as_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n the_o convention_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o look_v any_o far_o after_o this_o suppose_a prince_n or_o to_o know_v what_o be_v become_v of_o he_o whether_o he_o be_v drown_v or_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o pirate_n or_o he_o be_v dead_a another_o put_z in_o his_o place_n or_o carry_v by_o his_o mother_n into_o france_n since_o any_o of_o these_o may_v have_v happen_v for_o aught_o they_o know_v no_o body_n appear_v to_o put_v in_o any_o claim_n for_o he_o or_o to_o desire_v that_o his_o cause_n may_v first_o be_v hear_v before_o he_o be_v exclude_v two_o that_o if_o such_o claim_n have_v be_v make_v by_o any_o body_n for_o he_o yet_o the_o convention_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v more_o than_o lay_v in_o their_o power_n or_o to_o hear_v or_o examine_v the_o validity_n of_o this_o child_n birth_n unless_o the_o midwife_n nurse_n and_o other_o who_o be_v privy_a to_o all_o the_o transaction_n concern_v it_o be_v likewise_o present_a and_o send_v back_o to_o give_v their_o testimony_n in_o this_o case_n for_o if_o the_o convention_n have_v proceed_v to_o examine_v this_o matter_n without_o sufficient_a evidence_n they_o can_v only_o have_v hear_v it_o ex_fw-la parie_fw-la on_o but_o one_o side_n and_o so_o may_v have_v sit_v long_o enough_o before_o they_o can_v have_v come_v to_o any_o true_a decision_n in_o this_o matter_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o whole_a nation_n for_o want_n of_o a_o king_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o utter_a ruin_n and_o confusion_n f._n but_o pray_v sir_n why_o can_v not_o the_o parliament_n have_v send_v over_o summons_n to_o those_o witness_n which_o they_o say_v be_v no_o further_o off_o than_o france_n to_o come_v and_o give_v testimony_n in_o this_o great_a cause_n before_o they_o have_v proceed_v to_o have_v declare_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n king_n and_o queen_n i._o there_o may_v be_v several_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o first_o because_o this_o child_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v a_o declare_a enemy_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o civil_a interest_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n he_o will_v never_o have_v consent_v to_o his_o be_v send_v over_o to_o be_v view_v by_o those_o that_o the_o convention_n shall_v appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n without_o which_o inspection_n the_o nation_n can_v never_o have_v be_v moral_o assure_v that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o child_n that_o be_v carry_v away_o since_o every_o one_o know_v that_o infant_n of_o that_o age_n be_v not_o easy_o distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o but_o by_o those_o that_o have_v be_v about_o they_o from_o the_o very_a time_n of_o their_o birth_n second_o because_o his_o repute_a parent_n count_v themselves_o already_o injure_v by_o the_o convention_n in_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n have_v abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o that_o the_o throne_n be_v thereby_o become_v vacant_a will_v never_o have_v obey_v any_o summons_n the_o convention_n shall_v have_v send_v over_o because_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o not_o to_o have_v any_o authority_n at_o all_o as_o not_o be_v summon_v nor_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o king_n writ_n three_o admit_v that_o the_o french_a king_n will_v have_v permit_v this_o suppose_a prince_n to_o have_v be_v send_v back_o and_o that_o king_n james_n and_o his_o queen_n will_v have_v obey_v this_o summons_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o stay_v for_o or_o rely_v upon_o it_o since_o before_o this_o question_n can_v have_v be_v decide_v great_a part_n of_o this_o year_n have_v slip_v away_o and_o we_o be_v leave_v without_o a_o king_n to_o head_n we_o nor_o any_o parliament_n sit_v able_a to_o raise_v money_n which_o can_v be_v legal_o do_v without_o the_o king_n authority_n in_o parliament_n the_o french_a king_n may_v whilst_o we_o be_v thus_o quarrel_v among_o ourselves_o about_o a_o successor_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v send_v over_o king_n james_n with_o a_o great_a fleet_n and_o a_o army_n of_o old_a soldier_n and_o so_o have_v place_v he_o again_o in_o the_o throne_n more_o absolute_a than_o ever_o he_o 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conspire_v against_o he_o as_o well_o as_o the_o parliament_n can_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o prince_n philip_n of_o spain_n who_o be_v philip._n declare_v king_n joint_o with_o queen_n mary_n though_o he_o have_v no_o other_o right_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o if_o the_o late_a convention_n have_v declare_v that_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n shall_v remain_v sole_o in_o king_n william_n during_o his_o life_n this_o be_v only_o to_o put_v it_o out_o of_o all_o dispute_n that_o none_o may_v at_o all_o doubt_n in_o who_o the_o supreme_a power_n lay_v since_o it_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o division_n f._n all_o this_o seem_v reasonable_a enough_o but_o pray_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o king_n william_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n not_o only_o during_o the_o queen_n life_n but_o his_o own_o also_o this_o i_o hear_v squire_n high-church_n and_o the_o parson_n i_o last_o mention_v cry_v out_o upon_o not_o only_o as_o a_o horrid_a 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