all_o that_o vast_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o read_v in_o our_o ancient_a history_n to_o be_v exercise_v by_o the_o national_a assembly_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o old_a british_a saxon_a danish_a and_o norman_a king_n thus_o write_v mr._n william_n pryn_n in_o his_o plea_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o house_n of_o peer_n page_n 164._o that_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n have_v this_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n vest_v in_o it_o both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o british_a saxon_a danish_a and_o norman_a king_n and_o other_o modern_a writer_n chime_v in_o with_o he_o whereas_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a by_o our_o more_o ancient_a and_o most_o judicious_a author_n and_o antiquary_n that_o the_o great_a assembly_n which_o be_v convene_v in_o ancient_a time_n here_o in_o england_n be_v quite_o of_o another_o constitution_n and_o complexion_n from_o the_o now_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n and_o have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o they_o it_o be_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n but_o one_o great_a and_o numerous_a assembly_n that_o meet_v not_o distinguish_v either_o by_o those_o several_a term_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o or_o by_o two_o house_n the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a nor_o by_o any_o other_o divide_v title_n those_o great_a assembly_n have_v under_o our_o several_a king_n and_o together_o with_o they_o the_o whole_a legislative_a and_o judicial_a power_n with_o little_a distinction_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o those_o two_o mighty_a power_n the_o member_n of_o they_o be_v not_o qualify_v neither_o by_o any_o title_n of_o honour_n though_o there_o may_v be_v honorary_a title_n in_o those_o time_n but_o they_o be_v qualify_v and_o entitle_v to_o their_o power_n by_o their_o possession_n and_o tenor_n and_o some_o few_o by_o certain_a great_a office_n this_o great_a assembly_n can_v not_o proper_o be_v call_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o nation_n for_o they_o come_v not_o all_o to_o these_o assembly_n as_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n but_o most_o of_o they_o come_v thither_o in_o their_o own_o personal_a inherent_a right_n and_o may_v more_o just_o be_v call_v the_o principal_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o true_a owner_n and_o proprietor_n of_o the_o nation_n account_v the_o land-interest_n to_o be_v the_o main_a and_o the_o true_a and_o stable_a interest_n and_o may_v therefore_o true_o be_v term_v the_o nation_n itself_o assemble_v or_o the_o people_n assemble_v it_o be_v the_o land-interest_n then_o that_o give_v both_o honour_n and_o power_n that_o census_n honour_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o ancient_a borough_n do_v elect_a their_o representative_n even_o in_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n who_o be_v at_o first_o a_o small_a part_n of_o these_o great_a assembly_n though_o now_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o though_o those_o late_a writer_n date_n it_o from_o that_o time_n only_o it_o will_v be_v folly_n to_o undertake_v to_o give_v any_o clear_a or_o large_a account_n of_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n that_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n saxon_n or_o dane_n which_o many_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n pretend_v to_o do_v for_o tacitus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o agricola_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o old_a briton_n that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o this_o land_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o commune_fw-la consulere_fw-la that_o be_v they_o have_v no_o common-council_n nor_o do_v they_o meet_v together_o to_o consult_v how_o to_o repel_v their_o common_a danger_n but_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o multitude_n of_o feud_n and_o faction_n under_o their_o reguli_fw-la or_o pretty_a prince_n rarus_n duabus_fw-la tribusve_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la propulsandum_fw-la commune_fw-la periculum_fw-la conventus_fw-la after_o the_o briton_n be_v whole_o subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n they_o receive_v law_n and_o magistracy_n from_o their_o conqueror_n net_n legibus_fw-la suis_fw-la patriis_fw-la uti_fw-la permissi_fw-la sunt_fw-la though_o it_o be_v imply_v that_o they_o have_v law_n of_o their_o own_o sed_fw-la magistratus_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la romano_n cum_fw-la imperio_fw-la &_o securibus_fw-la missi_fw-la qui_fw-la jus_o dicerent_fw-la say_v learned_a cambden_n in_o his_o britannia_n page_n 48._o for_o which_o he_o cite_v his_o author_n the_o saxon_n who_o succeed_v the_o roman_n divide_v the_o nation_n into_o seven_o part_n and_o constitute_v the_o heptarchy_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o search_v for_o a_o house_n of_o lord_n or_o any_o one_o supreme_a judicature_n all_o that_o time_n for_o all_o the_o nation_n the_o supreme_a judicature_n in_o those_o time_n must_v be_v seven_o in_o number_n if_o any_o for_o the_o seven_o be_v independent_a one_o of_o the_o other_o most_o part_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v so_o obscure_a say_v our_o great_a selden_n that_o we_o can_v see_v only_a step_n or_o tear_v relic_n of_o they_o rather_o than_o so_o much_o as_o may_v give_v full_a satisfaction_n if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o time_n to_o our_o purpose_n that_o be_v concern_v one_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n to_o which_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v subject_a it_o must_v fall_v towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n after_o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n have_v reduce_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n under_o his_o obedience_n when_o they_o do_v in_o unum_fw-la coalescere_fw-la and_o be_v all_o seven_o melt_v down_o into_o one_o mass._n and_o after_o the_o several_a government_n and_o part_n be_v unite_v though_o the_o government_n be_v but_o one_o yet_o there_o be_v three_o several_a and_o distinct_a law_n remain_v in_o force_n which_o have_v their_o several_a limit_n and_o precinct_n see_v lambert_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la page_n 180._o and_o these_o be_v not_o mere_o some_o certain_a different_a custom_n for_o so_o it_o be_v to_o this_o day_n in_o our_o several_a county_n as_o of_o gavelkind_n and_o burrough_n english_a etc._n etc._n but_o they_o be_v under_o three_o distinct_a system_n or_o body_n of_o law_n so_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v any_o way_n practicable_a during_o that_o time_n to_o have_v any_o one_o great_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o whole_a land_n by_o which_o of_o those_o three_o law_n shall_v that_o great_a judicature_n have_v proceed_v but_o after_o some_o time_n those_o three_o different_a body_n of_o law_n be_v find_v incompatible_a with_o one_o entire_a government_n as_o it_o come_v to_o be_v at_o last_o and_o therefore_o king_n edgar_n a_o saxon_a king_n out_o of_o these_o three_o body_n of_o law_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o wise_a man_n compose_v one_o great_a body_n of_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o england_n and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n give_v new_a vigour_n and_o life_n of_o this_o new_a body_n which_o be_v afterward_o extract_v out_o of_o those_o three_o old_a body_n of_o law_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o fountain_n and_o materia_fw-la prima_fw-la of_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n from_o these_o we_o derive_v our_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n our_o levy_n of_o fine_n of_o land_n and_o the_o office_n of_o sheriff_n coroner_n constable_n and_o many_o more_o of_o our_o law_n custom_n and_o office_n continue_v among_o we_o ever_o since_o unto_o this_o day_n and_o these_o be_v those_o good_a old_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n which_o william_n the_o first_o who_o be_v style_v the_o conqueror_n do_v more_o than_o once_o swear_v to_o govern_v by_o which_o prove_v he_o to_o be_v indeed_o no_o conqueror_n and_o these_o make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o shall_v mention_v some_o few_o precedent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n of_o their_o supreme_a judicature_n and_o examine_v what_o resemblance_n they_o bear_v with_o that_o use_v at_o present_a among_o we_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o norman_a government_n during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o six_o or_o seven_o king_n and_o by_o the_o way_n still_o examine_v how_o just_o any_o court_n now_o in_o be_v can_v be_v say_v to_o derive_v their_o power_n from_o they_o and_o to_o sit_v and_o succeed_v they_o in_o their_o seat_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o shall_v make_v my_o conjecture_n how_o and_o at_o what_o time_n the_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la or_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n first_o begin_v to_o exercise_v the_o supreme_a judicature_n and_o while_o i_o run_v through_o the_o precedent_n and_o cite_v my_o author_n whoever_o read_v they_o may_v at_o the_o
way_n upon_o the_o open_n of_o they_o how_o proper_o true_o and_o natural_o these_o observation_n result_v and_o be_v make_v out_o some_o by_o one_o precedent_n and_o author_n and_o some_o by_o another_o which_o otherwise_o by_o a_o hasty_a read_v might_n possible_o escape_v the_o be_v observe_v it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a by_o the_o way_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o temper_n and_o usage_n among_o the_o ancient_a briton_n before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o roman_n testify_v by_o our_o most_o credible_a author_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v a_o countenance_n this_o way_n viz._n of_o translate_n all_o public_a affair_n by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o freeholder_n and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o this_o humour_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v breed_v in_o the_o bone_n although_o they_o seldom_o or_o never_o have_v any_o national_a assembly_n as_o before_o have_v be_v observe_v unless_o upon_o some_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a sudden_a occasion_n like_o that_o of_o choose_v cassibilan_n for_o their_o general_n upon_o the_o invasion_n by_o the_o roman_n or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v but_o temporary_a tacitus_n the_o roman_a annalist_n say_v of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-fr majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la ita_fw-la tamèn_fw-fr ut_fw-mi ed_z quóque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractentur_fw-la note_v principes_fw-la here_o signify_v not_o prince_n or_o monarch_n but_o the_o great_a or_o chief_a man_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o follow_v the_o plebs_fw-la or_o common_a sort_n be_v not_o exclude_v whenever_o they_o do_v consult_v or_o transact_v any_o public_a affair_n ziphilinus_n out_o of_o dio_n cassius_n speak_v of_o the_o briton_n apud_fw-la hos_fw-la say_v he_o populus_fw-la magnâ_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la principatum_fw-la tenet_fw-la this_o be_v not_o mean_v of_o the_o power_n of_o government_n as_o if_o they_o be_v a_o republic_n or_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o democracy_n for_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o old_a and_o primitive_a government_n among_o the_o briton_n as_o to_z the_o title_n and_o outward_a form_n of_o the_o administration_n be_v monarchial_a and_o regal_a olim_fw-la regibus_fw-la parebant_fw-la say_v he_o but_o it_o must_v therefore_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o people_n have_v this_o principatum_fw-la in_o subordination_n to_o the_o king_n it_o be_v not_o engross_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o aristocracy_n and_o what_o can_v principatus_fw-la else_o consist_v of_o unless_o in_o legislature_n and_o judicature_n our_o late_a innovator_n will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o populus_fw-la do_v sometime_o signify_v only_o the_o lay-lord_n meet_v in_o these_o ancient_a great_a assembly_n in_o distinction_n only_o from_o the_o clergy_n as_o when_o our_o annal_n or_o record_n mention_v clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la as_o they_o often_o do_v it_o be_v not_o say_v they_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o the_o common_a people_n meet_v but_o only_o those_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n the_o lord_n or_o nobility_n therefore_o i_o have_v cite_v tacitus_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o plebs_fw-la or_o plebeian_n who_o use_v to_o meet_v to_o consult_v of_o the_o great_a matter_n de_fw-fr majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la consultant_fw-la as_o before_o be_v observe_v omnes_fw-la comprehend_v the_o plebeian_n and_o exclude_v none_o but_o under_o their_o favour_n populus_fw-la do_v most_o usual_o signify_v all_o but_o the_o high_a rank_n and_o be_v exclusive_a to_o they_o only_o though_o sometime_o by_o way_n of_o distinction_n from_o the_o prince_n or_o clergy_n thus_o in_o that_o old_a lofty_a title_n of_o the_o roman_a republic_n senatus_n populùsque_fw-la romanus_n where_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v exclusive_a of_o the_o senate_n and_o distinct_a from_o it_o thus_o learned_a vinius_n the_o civilian_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o imperial_a law_n page_n 12._o ses_fw-fr plebs_fw-la à _fw-la populo_fw-la dissert_v nam_fw-la appellatione_fw-la populi_n universi_fw-la cives_fw-la significantur_fw-la connumeratis_fw-la etiam_fw-la patriciis_fw-la &_o senatoribus_fw-la plebis_fw-la autem_fw-la appellatione_fw-la sine_fw-la patriciis_fw-la &_o senatoribus_fw-la caeteri_fw-la cives_fw-la significantur_fw-la but_o in_o no_o author_n till_o among_o these_o new_a writer_n of_o we_o do_v populus_fw-la signify_v the_o lord_n or_o patrician_n exclusive_a to_o the_o middle_n or_o common_a sort_n as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o come_v to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o next_o succeed_v the_o roman_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n we_o have_v one_o instance_n or_o precedent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n which_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a of_o all_o the_o seven_o and_o at_o last_o swallow_v up_o all_o the_o rest_n lambert_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la fol._n 1_o mo_z begin_n with_o king_n ina_n anno_fw-la 712._o say_n he_o make_v his_o law_n suasu_fw-la &_o instituto_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la senatorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la et_fw-la natu_fw-la majorum_fw-la sapientum_fw-la populi_n svi_fw-la in_fw-la magna_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la frequentia_fw-la brampton_n the_o historian_n as_o mr._n selden_n cite_v he_o render_v it_o multáque_fw-la congregatione_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lambert_n again_o fol._n 62._o say_v king_n edgar_z anno_fw-la 959._o who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o english_a monarch_n after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n give_v his_o title_n to_o his_o law_n thus_o viz._n leges_fw-la quas_fw-la rex_fw-la edgarus_n frequenti_fw-la senatu_fw-la sancivit_fw-la and_o afterward_o fol._n 148._o in_o a_o remembrance_n and_o recital_n of_o some_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n it_o be_v say_v hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la no_o word_n of_o baronum_n for_o they_o be_v not_o in_o be_v till_o afterward_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n but_o the_o title_n of_o king_n ina_n law_n go_v on_o and_o say_v further_a et_fw-la omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la that_o be_v in_o english_a the_o common-council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v make_v up_o of_o all_o these_o and_o but_o one_o body_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheluph_n king_n of_o westsex_n there_o be_v a_o great_a assembly_n or_o parliament_n say_v mr._n selden_n hold_v at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 855._o now_o above_o 800_o year_n since_o where_o be_v present_v the_o archbishop_n but_o one_o bishop_n and_o ducum_fw-la comitum_fw-la procerúmque_fw-la totius_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorúmque_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la for_o which_o he_o cite_v ingulphus_n this_o be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o supreme_a judicature_n and_o the_o last_o resort_v there_o be_v a_o proceed_v in_o a_o civil_a cause_n before_o their_o supreme_a court_n or_o witena-gemot_a under_o king_n eldred_n son_n to_o king_n edgar_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n say_v dr._n heylin_n anno_fw-la 978._o one_o leoffius_n have_v buy_v land_n of_o adelwold_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o deny_v to_o pay_v for_o it_o and_o he_o have_v also_o dis-seised_a the_o bishop_n of_o certain_a other_o land_n edicitur_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la londoniam_fw-la where_o the_o deuce_n principes_fw-la satrapae_fw-la ex_fw-la omni_fw-la parte_fw-la confluerant_fw-la which_o word_n satrapae_fw-la extend_v to_o the_o middle_a sort_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o the_o bishop_n corà m_fw-la cunctis_fw-la svam_fw-la causam_fw-la patefecit_fw-la he_o open_v and_o plead_v his_o own_o cause_n before_o they_o all_o quâ_fw-la rè_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o ritè_fw-la ac_fw-la apertè_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la discussa_fw-la not_o command_v the_o party_n and_o auditor_n to_o withdraw_v while_o it_o be_v debate_v by_o the_o court_n omnes_fw-la reddiderunt_fw-la judicium_fw-la on_o the_o bishop_n side_n this_o case_n be_v also_o mention_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n page_n 633._o one_o case_n more_o that_o i_o shall_v trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o of_o the_o saxon_a time_n shall_v be_v that_o of_o earl_n godwin_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n seld._n ib._n 634._o there_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o his_o own_o person_n do_v sue_v a_o appeal_n of_o murder_n against_o earl_n godwin_n for_o the_o death_n of_o alfred_n the_o witena-gemote_a sit_v at_o london_n and_o the_o cause_n be_v hear_v before_o omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la magnates_fw-la where_o the_o word_n magnates_n comprehend_v also_o person_n of_o the_o middle_a sort_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o high_a rank_n as_o i_o shall_v clear_o prove_v but_o the_o matter_n be_v compound_v and_o twelve_o earl_n buy_v it_o off_o with_o as_o much_o money_n as_o each_o of_o they_o can_v carry_v to_o the_o king_n in_o their_o arms._n note_n this_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o saint_n king_n too_o viz._n st._n edward_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o time_n
a_o treatise_n of_o the_o true_a and_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n by_o sir_n robert_n atkyns_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n state_n super_fw-la semitas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la london_n print_v in_o the_o year_n mdcxcix_o to_o the_o honourable_a the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v the_o humble_a petition_n of_o sir_n robert_n atkyns_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n show_v that_o your_o petitioner_n in_o the_o several_a public_a employment_n he_o have_v undergo_v have_v have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a occasion_n of_o observe_v the_o increase_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o how_o the_o common-law_n the_o birthright_n of_o every_o englishman_n have_v be_v and_o still_o be_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o invade_v by_o it_o he_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v many_o of_o those_o continual_a complaint_n from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v by_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o parliament_n against_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o new_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o it_o and_o your_o petitioner_n have_v great_a reason_n also_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o appeal_n from_o the_o proceed_n of_o those_o court_n and_o humble_o present_v this_o honourable_a house_n with_o what_o he_o have_v collect_v in_o order_n to_o your_o service_n therein_o your_o petitioner_n crave_v leave_v to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o freedom_n which_o belong_v to_o every_o englishman_n to_o tender_v you_o a_o complaint_n against_o so_o public_a â—nd_n spread_v a_o grievance_n he_o do_v not_o appeal_n nor_o complain_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o mere_o concern_v himself_o he_o only_o subjoin_v a_o case_n wherein_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n mere_o as_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o large_a exercise_n of_o a_o power_n against_o the_o know_a and_o fundamental_a rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n as_o he_o conceive_v that_o case_n of_o your_o petitioner_n happen_v very_o late_o in_o the_o chancery_n but_o it_o be_v general_o know_v in_o the_o court_n of_o westminster-hall_n that_o as_o your_o petitioner_n have_v occasion_n he_o have_v for_o many_o year_n frequent_o and_o public_o in_o his_o station_n enveigh_v against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o that_o late_a course_n of_o appeal_n but_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n he_o humble_o offer_v his_o service_n and_o lay_v before_o you_o what_o he_o have_v observe_v and_o collect_v upon_o this_o subject_a after_o near_o threescore_o year_n experience_n and_o submit_v all_o to_o your_o wisdom_n to_o proceed_v in_o provide_v just_a remedy_n and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v ever_o pray_v etc._n etc._n robert_n atkyns_n of_o the_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n the_o house_n of_o lord_n have_v a_o very_a ancient_n and_o transcendent_a jurisdiction_n but_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_a nor_o arbitrary_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o nor_o universal_a and_o in_o all_o case_n it_o be_v a_o power_n limit_v by_o law_n and_o must_v be_v exercise_v according_a to_o the_o know_a rule_n of_o law_n and_o though_o the_o peer_n be_v very_o great_a and_o honourable_a yet_o they_o be_v but_o man_n and_o not_o infallible_a and_o therefore_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n lie_v upon_o their_o judgement_n and_o the_o law_n allow_v that_o liberty_n to_o the_o mean_a subject_n to_o demur_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o any_o court_n whatsoever_o even_o that_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n let_v we_o inquire_v into_o their_o jurisdiction_n when_o it_o begin_v and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o a_o eminent_a author_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o late_a lord_n hollis_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o great_a cause_n between_o skinner_n and_o the_o east-india-company_n so_o much_o dispute_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n have_v in_o print_n assert_v that_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n have_v their_o right_n of_o judicature_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o nation_n page_n 134._o he_o affirm_v it_o be_v a_o power_n lodge_v in_o they_o by_o the_o very_a frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o to_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n page_n 213._o he_o affirm_v that_o they_o have_v a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o a_o universal_a and_o unlimited_a power_n of_o take_v conusance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o cause_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o and_o of_o judge_v and_o determine_v of_o they_o if_o no_o particular_a law_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o they_o nec_fw-la metas_fw-la rerum_fw-la nec_fw-la tempora_fw-la ponit_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o seem_v to_o entrench_v very_o far_o upon_o the_o regal_a power_n he_o not_o only_o make_v their_o power_n equal_a in_o time_n to_o it_o own_v no_o derivation_n from_o it_o but_o in_o effect_n claim_v a_o co-ordination_a with_o it_o but_o the_o claim_n of_o such_o a_o independent_a and_o original_a power_n sound_v like_o that_o which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o peculiar_a of_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o to_o the_o administration_n of_o it_o viz._n in_o all_o cause_n and_o over_o all_o person_n etc._n etc._n nay_o he_o hold_v that_o the_o peerage_n set_v bound_n both_o to_o power_n and_o liberty_n page_n 71._o as_o this_o author_n maintain_v it_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o what_o follow_v what_o be_v mean_v there_o by_o power_n viz._n the_o regal_a administration_n of_o it_o whereas_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o all_o the_o author_n and_o writer_n of_o it_o do_v with_o one_o consent_n acknowledge_v jurisdiction_n within_o this_o realm_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o no_o court_n have_v a_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n save_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o the_o nation_n consist_v of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o in_o they_o indeed_o be_v the_o true_a supreme_a power_n under_o god_n but_o that_o according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o cause_n some_o be_v distribute_v into_o one_o court_n and_o some_o into_o another_o but_o not_o any_o one_o court_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o all_o cause_n save_v that_o of_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o all_o court_n must_v proceed_v by_o some_o certain_a know_a rule_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o common-law_n secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o court_n of_o equity_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o constant_a precedent_n and_o usage_n but_o this_o court_n of_o peer_n for_o i_o confine_v myself_o still_o to_o what_o be_v assert_v by_o this_o noble_a author_n do_v whole_o exclude_v the_o king_n and_o engross_v all_o to_o themselves_o no_o by_o no_o mean_n he_o allow_v the_o king_n a_o single_a voice_n among_o they_o page_z 145._o as_o a_o chief_a justice_n in_o another_o court_n who_o voice_n or_o opinion_n have_v no_o more_o force_n than_o that_o of_o a_o puisny_n judge_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o casting-voice_n where_o they_o be_v equal_o divide_v i_o shall_v offer_v to_o consideration_n upon_o what_o ground_n and_o proof_n this_o noble_a author_n do_v entitle_v the_o house_n of_o peer_n to_o this_o unlimited_a jurisdiction_n he_o have_v be_v lead_v into_o these_o opinion_n i_o fear_v by_o some_o late_a overzealous_a and_o injudicious_a writer_n who_o out_o of_o a_o too_o fond_a and_o forward_a zeal_n to_o depress_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o the_o late_a exorbitant_a power_n which_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o late_a time_n in_o order_n i_o say_v to_o the_o decry_v of_o their_o usurp_v power_n those_o writer_n think_v they_o can_v never_o sufficient_o exalt_v the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o overbalance_n that_o of_o the_o commons_o and_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v useful_a by_o the_o way_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o strange_a revolution_n that_o in_o the_o late_a time_n happen_v to_o the_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n 1._o our_o king_n begin_v first_o to_o strain_v prerogative_n too_o high_a upon_o the_o subject_a 2._o both_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n thereupon_o join_v together_o in_o usurp_a upon_o the_o regal_a power_n 3._o after_o some_o short_a time_n the_o late_a house_n of_o commons_o by_o the_o help_n of_o their_o army_n lay_v aside_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n sic_fw-la cum_fw-la sole_a perit_fw-la syderibus_fw-la decor_fw-la 4._o after_o some_o time_n again_o a_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o exclude_v the_o great_a part_n 5._o and_o these_o their_o own_o army_n overtop_n as_o be_v but_o the_o fragment_n of_o that_o house_n 1._o sic_fw-la medus_n ademit_fw-la 2._o assyrio_fw-la medóque_fw-la tulit_fw-la moderamina_fw-la perses_n 3_o persen_n subjecit_fw-la macedo_n cessurus_n &_o ipse_fw-la 4._o romano_n these_o modern_a writer_n who_o be_v such_o earnest_a advocate_n for_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n ascribe_v to_o the_o lord_n
same_o instant_n make_v their_o observation_n of_o these_o particular_n ensue_v which_o i_o conceive_v will_v evident_o result_v and_o arise_v from_o they_o 1._o first_o that_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o legislature_n and_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o judicature_n which_o yet_o be_v distinct_a thing_n in_o themselves_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n jus_o dare_v and_o another_o thing_n jus_o dicere_fw-la both_o these_o high_a power_n i_o say_v under_o our_o several_a ancient_a king_n reside_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o assembly_n consi_v of_o the_o very_a same_o person_n but_o with_o different_a method_n in_o their_o way_n of_o proceed_v that_o be_v whoever_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o legislature_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o judicature_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o present_a constitution_n which_o be_v that_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n who_o have_v but_o a_o share_n in_o the_o legislature_n yet_o now_o claim_v to_o themselves_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o judicature_n as_o the_o last_o resort_n 2._o second_o another_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o several_a precedent_n and_o author_n that_o i_o shall_v mention_v be_v this_o that_o the_o great_a convention_n and_o assembly_n that_o ancient_o have_v these_o two_o great_a power_n of_o legislature_n and_o judicature_n be_v but_o one_o entire_a great_a body_n and_o assembly_n not_o divide_v into_o two_o or_o more_o part_n nor_o distinguish_v as_o now_o into_o two_o house_n or_o by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o but_o these_o power_n reside_v equal_o in_o they_o tota_n in_o toto_fw-la 3._o three_o that_o all_o or_o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o these_o great_a assembly_n come_v not_o thither_o by_o the_o choice_n or_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o single_a they_o out_o by_o name_n as_o peer_n be_v make_v usual_o nor_o do_v they_o all_o come_v by_o election_n or_o office_n though_o there_o be_v some_o of_o both_o those_o sort_n viz._n the_o bishop_n and_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o burrough_n but_o the_o far_o great_a part_n come_v by_o a_o certain_a right_o they_o have_v to_o meet_v in_o those_o assembly_n but_o what_o give_v they_o their_o right_n or_o qualification_n or_o capacity_n so_o to_o meet_v do_v not_o so_o clear_o appear_v to_o a_o hasty_a reader_n of_o our_o history_n and_o antiquity_n it_o be_v evident_a it_o be_v not_o any_o mere_a title_n of_o honour_n or_o dignity_n for_o ancient_o in_o england_n there_o be_v not_o any_o dignity_n but_o what_o be_v also_o accompany_v with_o office_n and_o cease_v with_o the_o office_n but_o it_o do_v proceed_v from_o their_o land_n and_o posession_n which_o as_o they_o give_v they_o honour_n so_o they_o give_v they_o power_n and_o authority_n in_o those_o ancient_a time_n and_o this_o they_o learn_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o example_n be_v follow_v herein_o by_o most_o of_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v fall_v under_o their_o conquest_n 4._o four_o these_o assembly_n be_v very_o great_a and_o numerous_a far_o exceed_v in_o number_n both_o house_n of_o parliament_n at_o this_o day_n be_v they_o both_o put_v together_o so_o that_o they_o can_v with_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n be_v think_v a_o assembly_n of_o lord_n only_o as_o our_o novel_a writer_n will_v impose_v upon_o we_o for_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o think_v that_o so_o great_a a_o number_n shall_v be_v all_o lord_n for_o then_o there_o will_v be_v none_o leave_v in_o the_o nation_n to_o bear_v the_o character_n of_o commons_o save_v only_o the_o plebs_fw-la or_o faeces_fw-la populi_n and_o the_o title_n or_o distinction_n of_o lord_n can_v subsist_v without_o a_o body_n of_o some_o inferior_n from_o who_o the_o lord_n may_v be_v distinguish_v tolle_o relatum_fw-la &_o tollis_fw-la correlatum_fw-la 5._o five_o though_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o several_a county_n do_v not_o then_o as_o now_o meet_v in_o those_o assembly_n by_o their_o representative_n due_o choose_v so_o that_o any_o assembly_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o representative_a of_o all_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n which_o be_v much_o insist_v on_o by_o our_o new_a fort_n of_o author_n who_o will_v decry_v and_o depress_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o be_v but_o of_o yesterday_o in_o comparison_n with_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n that_o be_v but_o from_o the_o nine_o and_o forty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o whereas_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v as_o they_o affirm_v from_o time_n immemorial_n and_o coaeval_a with_o the_o nation_n itself_o yet_o which_o be_v more_o in_o vindication_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o freeholder_n general_o meet_v there_o themselves_o in_o the_o great_a assembly_n then_o use_v in_o their_o own_o proper_a person_n undistinguished_a by_o any_o such_o term_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o all_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o level_n a_o representative_a be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o deputy_n or_o delegate_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o one_o that_o be_v absent_a such_o as_o in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n they_o call_v proxy_n who_o sometime_o have_v be_v such_o as_o be_v no_o member_n of_o that_o house_n and_o such_o as_o in_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n they_o call_v procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la but_o the_o great_a freeholder_n as_o be_v the_o principal_n right_o call_v may_v more_o proper_o and_o in_o a_o true_a genuine_a sense_n be_v style_v the_o national_a assembly_n those_o meet_v in_o their_o own_o proper_a personal_a capacity_n for_o the_o land-interest_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o true_a owner_n the_o freeholder_n be_v the_o only_a true_a stable_n permanent_a fix_a interest_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o farmer_n and_o copy-holders_n be_v at_o first_o and_o in_o ancient_a time_n look_v upon_o and_o account_v but_o as_o servant_n and_o dependent_n upon_o the_o freeholder_n and_o little_o regard_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o for_o those_o that_o follow_v merchandise_n and_o trade_n though_o they_o ever_o send_v to_o these_o great_a assembly_n by_o election_n the_o manufacture_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n great_o flourish_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o those_o ancient_n guild_v or_o society_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o lincoln_n york_n oxford_n and_o other_o city_n and_o ancient_a burrough_n in_o england_n which_o trade_n be_v whole_o lose_v in_o the_o troublesome_a time_n of_o king_n john_n henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o first_o and_o edward_z the_o second_o and_o then_o our_o trade_n run_v in_o wool_n wooll-fel_n and_o leather_n carry_v out_o in_o specie_fw-la till_o recover_v again_o by_o the_o peaceable_a time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o as_o the_o most_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n the_o late_a chief_a justice_n hales_n do_v assert_v in_o his_o origination_n of_o mankind_n yet_o those_o ancient_a burrough_n be_v not_o then_o so_o numerous_a in_o those_o elder_a time_n nor_o be_v the_o trader_n then_o in_o so_o great_a esteem_n as_o have_v to_o do_v in_o movable_n only_o and_o a_o transient_a interest_n and_o as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v here_o to_o day_n and_o go_v to_o morrow_n and_o be_v therefore_o of_o a_o inferior_a account_n and_o make_v no_o great_a figure_n and_o it_o be_v then_o a_o legal_a disparagement_n for_o the_o guardian_n in_o chivalry_n to_o marry_v the_o ward_n be_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o freeholder_n that_o hold_v by_o knights_n service_n to_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o burgess_n of_o a_o burrow_n 6._o six_o the_o last_o observation_n shall_v be_v this_o that_o the_o freeholders_n increase_a at_o last_n in_o their_o number_n by_o the_o sub-dividing_a of_o their_o posession_n and_o tenor_n and_o thereupon_o grow_v seditious_a and_o tumultuous_a and_o a_o unwieldly_a body_n and_o less_o valuable_a and_o venerable_a in_o their_o individual_n and_o particular_n mole_n ruebat_fw-la suâ_fw-la they_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o at_o last_o discontinue_v their_o come_n to_o these_o assembly_n and_o so_o they_o break_v in_o two_o and_o fall_v into_o two_o house_n and_o their_o power_n become_v part_v between_o they_o and_o one_o part_n assume_v or_o have_v assign_v to_o they_o some_o of_o the_o power_n and_o the_o other_o part_n what_o be_v leave_v cúm_fw-la quercus_fw-la decidit_fw-la unusquÃsque_fw-la ligna_fw-la colligit_fw-la yet_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o distribute_v and_o determine_v by_o agreement_n in_o a_o national_a assembly_n these_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a and_o proper_a to_o propose_v before_o i_o peruse_v the_o precedent_n and_o cite_v my_o author_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v take_v notice_n by_o the_o
rescripto_fw-la ad_fw-la comitia_fw-la parliamentaria_fw-la evocaverit_fw-la here_o we_o have_v plain_o the_o original_a of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o of_o particular_a and_o special_a rescript_n or_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o optimacy_n distinct_o and_o by_o themselves_o cambden_n quote_v his_o author_n for_o this_o but_o name_v he_o not_o exit_fw-la satis_fw-la antiquo_fw-la scriptore_fw-la loquor_fw-la say_v he_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n to_o single_a out_o and_o select_v some_o to_o who_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o direct_v his_o special_a writ_n or_o summons_n and_o these_o and_o no_o other_o be_v to_o come_v to_o parliament_n if_o this_o may_v be_v credit_v than_o we_o have_v the_o epoch_n and_o the_o date_n of_o our_o present_a constitution_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o division_n of_o that_o very_a ancient_a great_a and_o numerous_a assembly_n and_o it_o make_v a_o mighty_a metamorphosis_n and_o change_n the_o freeholder_n part_v with_o that_o great_a power_n and_o interest_n which_o they_o have_v both_o in_o legislature_n and_o judicature_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o the_o government_n and_o the_o nation_n itself_o even_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ab-origines_a if_o there_o be_v ever_o any_o such_o and_o they_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o losing-hand_n ever_o since_o as_o appear_v by_o what_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v in_o close_v their_o right_n of_o election_n and_o thus_o they_o break_v in_o two_o and_o become_v two_o house_n both_o at_o one_o time_n and_o be_v twin_n in_o their_o birth_n here_o be_v no_o primogeniture_n yet_o the_o one_o go_v away_o with_o a_o double_a portion_n upon_o the_o part_n and_o this_o take_v in_o the_o history_n be_v a_o confutation_n of_o that_o opinion_n that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o as_o be_v by_o election_n be_v in_o time_n long_o after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n sure_o they_o start_v both_o together_o great_a selden_n agree_v in_o the_o substance_n with_o mr._n cambden_n but_o differ_v from_o he_o only_o in_o the_o time_n and_o some_o other_o circumstance_n when_o this_o revolution_n happen_v and_o for_o mr._n cambden_n satis_fw-la antiquus_fw-la author_n mr._n selden_n profess_v he_o diligent_o seek_v for_o this_o author_n but_o can_v never_o meet_v with_o he_o nor_o do_v mr._n selden_n give_v any_o credit_n to_o that_o author_n he_o suppose_v the_o distinction_n of_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la barones_n which_o doubtless_o do_v arise_v upon_o this_o revolution_n pag._n 708._o begin_v not_o long_o before_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o king_n john_n father_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o that_o charter_n be_v make_v in_o the_o seventeen_o and_o last_o year_n of_o king_n john_n this_o division_n of_o barones_n which_o all_o writer_n agree_v in_o and_o which_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n great_a charter_n evident_o show_v that_o the_o two_o house_n begin_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o majores_fw-la can_v be_v without_o the_o minores_fw-la but_o mr._n selden_n suppose_v this_o be_v do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n though_o that_o act_n be_v not_o now_o extant_a nor_o be_v there_o any_o express_a memorial_n of_o it_o and_o he_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n to_o choose_v out_o who_o he_o think_v fit_a but_o that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v mention_v they_o by_o name_n at_o first_o to_o who_o particular_a writ_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v some_o part_n of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o that_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n we_o have_v in_o mr._n selden_n title_n of_o honour_n pag._n 709._o and_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n pag._n 83._o faciemus_fw-la say_v that_o great_a charter_n summoneri_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praetereà _fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o till_o about_o this_o time_n there_o be_v no_o distinction_n and_o that_o which_o do_v constitute_v a_o parliamentary_a baron_n be_v his_o tenure_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la so_o that_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o inherent_a right_n to_o sit_v there_o and_o that_o before_o this_o time_n all_o come_v by_o a_o general_a summons_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n what_o have_v be_v hitherto_o say_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o before_o this_o time_n of_o king_n john_n or_o king_n henry_n the_o 3_o d_o his_o son_n there_o be_v only_o one_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v of_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o all_o the_o considerable_a and_o interest_v person_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o come_v not_o by_o election_n save_o those_o that_o be_v choose_v from_o the_o few_o and_o ancient_a burrough_n nor_o be_v there_o then_o any_o representative_a as_o now_o and_o that_o those_o great_a assembly_n be_v in_o those_o time_n the_o true_a baronage_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o word_n baronage_n do_v not_o belong_v only_o to_o such_o as_o the_o king_n by_o special_a writ_n be_v please_v to_o call_v or_o summon_v or_o by_o patent_n to_o confer_v the_o title_n upon_o but_o as_o our_o most_o judicious_a writer_n tell_v we_o the_o word_n baronagium_n do_v extend_v to_o all_o degree_n and_o order_n for_o they_o come_v to_o all_o great_a assembly_n by_o tenure_n till_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o division_n and_o there_o be_v the_o footstep_n of_o this_o ancient_n right_o still_o among_o we_o in_o that_o the_o freeholder_n who_o we_o call_v free-suitor_n be_v still_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o court_n which_o ancient_o be_v the_o great_a and_o buisy_a court_n the_o county_n court._n and_o those_o election_n that_o be_v still_o remain_v of_o trustee_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n and_o of_o divers_a legal_a officer_n which_o must_v be_v by_o freeholder_n only_o and_o the_o person_n to_o be_v choose_v aught_o to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o freeholder_n themselves_o and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o a_o baron_n still_o remain_v as_o that_o in_o his_o creation_n he_o must_v be_v entitle_v of_o some_o place_n that_o it_o may_v favour_v of_o the_o realty_n and_o make_v the_o honour_n and_o title_n inheritable_a and_o the_o baron_n still_o continue_v his_o freedom_n from_o arrest_n as_o have_v by_o presumption_n of_o law_n a_o estate_n in_o land_n which_o will_v make_v he_o liable_a to_o justice_n and_o therefore_o a_o distringas_fw-la shall_v issue_v out_o against_o he_o instead_o of_o a_o capias_fw-la and_o the_o law_n will_v allow_v of_o no_o averment_n against_o a_o peer_n that_o he_o have_v no_o land_n whereby_o to_o distrain_v or_o to_o levy_v issue_n upon_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o lord_n have_v from_o the_o time_n of_o this_o great_a division_n ever_o since_o a_o very_a large_a though_o not_o a_o universal_a jurisdiction_n nor_o have_v they_o have_v it_o from_o the_o very_a first_o constitution_n of_o the_o government_n as_o be_v by_o some_o pretend_a when_o this_o great_a assembly_n this_o great_a and_o numerous_a body_n be_v divide_v into_o part_n no_o doubt_n but_o the_o several_a part_n do_v as_o the_o four_o great_a captain_n after_o the_o death_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a do_v assume_v and_o take_v to_o themselves_o by_o agreement_n several_a share_n of_o the_o power_n that_o be_v then_o dissolve_v the_o lord_n take_v a_o large_a share_n and_o the_o commons_o for_o so_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v distinguish_v take_v the_o rest_n and_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v it_o be_v confirm_v by_o some_o law_n that_o then_o pass_v and_o have_v be_v since_o lose_v and_o the_o like_a presumption_n we_o know_v be_v make_v by_o our_o court_n of_o law_n in_o many_o like_a case_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o parliament_n roll_n of_o that_o time_n be_v all_o lose_v and_o the_o best_a rule_n whereby_o to_o judge_v what_o be_v allot_v to_o each_o will_v be_v by_o ancient_a constant_a quiet_a and_o uninterrupted_a usage_n and_o practice_n usus_fw-la &_o consuetudo_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la the_o house_n of_o lord_n do_v exercise_v a_o jurisdiction_n in_o case_n of_o appeal_n for_o criminal_a cause_n till_o by_o the_o act_n of_o 1_o mo_z of_o henry_n the_o 4_o the_o c._n 14._o they_o be_v restrain_v that_o act_n do_v ordain_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o no_o appeal_n shall_v be_v pursue_v in_o parliament_n the_o exposition_n of_o which_o statute_n must_v be_v make_v by_o observe_v the_o mischief_n that_o occasion_v the_o make_n of_o that_o law_n and_o the_o constant_a practice_n after_o it_o the_o preamble_n recite_v that_o many_o mischief_n do_v often_o arise_v by_o appeal_n and_o the_o history_n of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o 2_o d._n the_o next_o precede_v