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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A04528	The Catholique iudge: or A moderator of the Catholique moderator Where in forme or manner of a plea or suite at law, the differences betweene those of the Reformed Church, and them of the Romish Church are decided; and without partialitie is shewed which is the true religion and catholique Church, for the instruction of either partie. Together with eight strong arguments or reasons, why the Popes cannot be competent iudges in these controversies. Written in the Dutch and French tongue, by Iohn of the Crosse, a Catholique gentleman. Translated out of French into English, by the right worshipfull and learned Knight Sir A.A.	John of the Crosse, a Catholique gentleman.; A. A., Sir.	1623 (1623)	STC 14651; ESTC S107831	50,836	96

that they of the Romane Church would not accuse them of such faults that is to say of heresie vnlawfull calling and innovation or bringing in of novelties but rather perceiving their religion to consent and accord with the truth of God contained in the writings of the Prophets and Apostles that they would imbrace the Reformed religion For first of all the Reformed Christians complaine very much of the wrong that is offered them in acvsing their religion of heresie Lib. 2. cap. de Har. 2. Man Ioan. Auent lib. 3. Annal. because they can proue that such are not Heretiques as in some points dissent from the opinion of the Romane Church neither they which maintain that there are Antipodes Antipodes are they which tread against our feet Glos dist 10. ca. Mul. dist 2. Euseb l. 5 c 26. Lib. confes fol. 274. 6. 4. Ar. Flor. hist par 3. cap. 13. as Pope Zacharie did thinke nor all they which will not obey all the commandements and ordinances of the Pope as the Canonists haue determined nor they which giue not consent to the celebrating of Easter as Pope Victor appointed neither they which beleeue not all the traditions which are instituted observed as good and godly by the Romane Church For then all such should be heretiques as beleeue not that Dominick wrought more miracles then our Lord Iesus Christ and all the Apostles Also that the said Dominick is greater then Ioh. Baptist Moreover that we must firmely beleeue all the Legends of Saint Francis Bernardine and other such like vnder paine and penaltie of being damned excommunicated and burned as Heretiques To conclude all those must not bee reputed Heretiques which beleeue not that all Emperours Kings and Magistrates and consequently all humane creatures are subiect to the power and to the outward sword of the Popes But the Reformed Christians esteeme them to be Heretiques Who ought to be held for Heretiques First of all which bring into the Church of Christ such a doctrine as is repugnant to the Analogie and rule of Faith briefly contained in the Apostles Creede Secondly such as turne aside from the true Catholique Church that is to say vniversall which retaines the pure doctrine of God And finally such as beeing often and seriously admonished doe notwithstanding absolutely persevere in their errors for which they haue beene many times reprehended and condemned The protestation of the Reformed Church The Reformed now protest that they haue not declined or gone astray one whit from the Analogie and rule of Christian Faith and confession of the faithfull nor from the foure most ancient generall Councels that is to say of Nice of Constantinople of Ephesus and of Chalcedon nor from the Creed of Saint Athanasius nor finally from any part of the Word of God They further protest that they were never lawfully cited in due and rightfull forme and manner or condemned by competent Iudges nor convinced of any errors but rather that they alwayes either rendred a reason and made confession of their Faith or have appealed publiquely to a generall free Councell of all Christendome For touching the Councell of Trent That the Coūcell of Trent was not free that it was not free or open they can as they say cleerly proue by Histories in which it appeareth manifestly that Cervinus Polus and diuerse other Cardinals were excluded from this Councell as also Iaques Nacluaist Bishop of Clodiafossa Dominicke Withelme of Venice Paul Verger Bishop of Iustinopolis with certaine others and that onely because they were suspected somewhat to incline to the Reformed religion and for certaine reasons and speeches which they deliuered or vttered against the Popes Concerning the sending and calling of the Reformed Doctors which first did repugne or resist the Sea of Rome the Reformed affirme that they were called in part immediately that is to say they were called by God without any outward means and that God disposed their hearts enflaming them with a true zeale for the advancement of his glory and of the kingdome of his Sonne Iesus Christ In part also mediatly that is to say by outward meanes that is by the approving enccouragement and forwarding of Christian Princes Lords and Magistrates stirred vp by God for this purpose as also diverse Nations which with humble prayers praise the Lord for so great a grace and singular benefit of Reformation And this is not onely lawfull for Christian Princes and Magistrates to doe but they are bound and tyed vnto it by the duty of their Calling at all times when the outward and visible state of the Church requireth any reformation of errors which may haue crept into the Church by the malice or bad dealing and ignorance of the Pastors That is manifestly perceived say the Reformed as well by the expresse commandement of God in so many places of his Word as by all the notable examples of Ezekias Iosaphat Iosias and diuerse other religious Kings that feared God who in their time caused the service of God to be reformed which was corrupted with Idolatry and superstition as the holy History at large doth testifie Finally whereas they of the Romane Church accuse the Reformed religion of nouelty The doctrine of the Reformed is not new The Reformed Christians therevpon complaine that thereby great wrong is done vnto Gods truth because the Reformed plainely shew that they neither acknowledge nor make profession of any other doctrine then that by which Adam Seth Noe Abraham and all the other Patriarches and faithfull men haue beene saued and the which our Sauiour Iesus Christ his Apostles and the first six Counsels and the most ancient Fathers and Orthodoxe Doctors haue deliuered and set forth So that finally the diuel whilest the workmen did sleep hath filled the Lords field with so much darnell that the good corne can scarcely be discerned and perceaued For albeit our Lord God hath alwayes firmly decreed to maintain continue his Church yet his will is not that his Church should be alwaies a like flourishing and prosperous but like the moon he suffers it sometime to encrease sometimes to be in the waine or decrease Gen. 7. 1 King 19. Mat. 2. euen so we see that in the time of Noe there were but eight persons saued in the Arke from the waters of the flood It is also sayd that in the time of the Prophet Elias there were 7000. which embraced the true doctrine Likewise when the comming of Iesus Christ was expected the Church was so obscure and concealed that scarce one faithfull person seemed to be remaining How true doctrine was by little falsified In like manner after the happie birth of our Sauiour the Christian Church began to decline by little and little for the space of 1500 yeeres For in the first 500. yeeres falshood began to oppose and resist the truth In the other 500. yeeres ensuing truth began to giue place to falshood and at the length in the last 500. yeeres truth

man that hee may also dispose and dispence contrarie to the foure generall Councels and against the words of the Gospell 25. Of the certainty of faith Mar. 9. Rom. 8. Aug. pag. 4. tit 6. cap 2.7 The Reformed Church beleeveth that the faithfull should not doubt at all of their salvation The Romane Church teacheth that we must alwayes doubt thereof 26. Of Antichrist 1 Ioh. 2. Mat. 24. Dan. 12. Apoc. 17. 1 Thes 2. The Reformed Church beleeveth that Antichrist is already come and that hee is Antichrist that denyeth Christ Iesus to bee come in the flesh that is to say who maintaineth false doctrine touching the nature and office of Iesus Christ The throne or seat of which Antichrist is erected in the Citie standing vpon seaven hills The Church of Rome expects yet the Antichrist from Babylon of the Tribe of Dan Comp. Thes l. 7. cap. 8. 14. who shall beare rule three yeeres and at the last shall be slaine vpon the mount of Oliues The Reformed Christians beleeue 27. Of Purgatory Io. 5. Apoc. 19. Cat. Rom. pag. 127. Com. Theolo l. 7. cap. 3. Ingust propo that presently after the death of their bodies their soules shall be carried vp to heaven into life eternall They of the Romane Church say that there is a Purgatorie yea that there are fiue places for the soules of the deceased 1. The hell of the damned 2. The place of children which haue not beene baptized 3. Purgatory 4. Limbus or the suburbs of hell where the Patriarchs are 5. Heaven Eight reasons why the Popes cannot be competent Iudges of Religion BEhold in briefe the differing doctrine and controversie betweene these two parties The Church of Rome referreth it selfe to Popes to Councels to Fathers to their Church and to Traditions affirming that they ought to bee Iudges and pronounce sentence and definitiue resolution in all these controversies The Reformed refuse all these Iudges before-named adding there-withall their reasons wherefore they reiect them I earnestly then entreat thee friendly Reader as thou holdest deare and pretious thine owne salvation yea so farre forth as in this debate and variance of these contending inheritors thou desirest to ioyne with the better party that thou wilt indifferently and patiently hearken to them both Now then concerning the first Iudges pretended by them of the Romane Church that is to say the Popes of Rome The Reformed defendants or accused say that they cannot acknowledge nor admit them for competent Iudges in this cause for diuerse very pregnant reasons For first they shew that the Popes of Rome long time since haue not onely beene accused but also convinced of eight horrible crimes and impieties and that by the most part of Chistendome that is to say England Scotland France Hungarie the greater part of Germany Switzerland Denmarke and Sweden yea likewise of the Churches and Nations which haue made or now make profession of Christian religion in Africke in Egypt in Syria in Greece and in other quarters The crimes and impieties of the Popes are 1. Impiety or Atheisme 2. Tyranny 3. Corruption of religion 4. Sacriledge 5. Treason 6. Perfidiousnesse 7. Antichristianisme 8. Together with ten publike disgraces and infamies The Reformed Christians affirme that they can proue and shew the prophane impiety of the Popes by these three arguments and reasons Irreligion the first cause of refusall diuided into three reasons First in that they attribute vnto thēselues a Deitie The First reason Dist 96. cap. Satis c. quoniam deminb Dist 39. dist 40 cap. 5. papam plu de consell 37 no 3. vel 7. Iusen Conse 145 no 2. vel Bas l. vel Son fol. cap. Egono de Iure For there owne ptinted bookes maintaine that they are Gods that they are not subiect to any person in the world that they are the spouse of the Church that they may tolerate dispose and dispence directly against the Apostolicall Canons or rules beyond and aboue al lawes and priuiledges Briefly that they must not be questioned by any person whether they are this or that although they should dayly condemne an infinite number of soules into hell Secondly the Reformed shew the impietie or prophanes of the Popes The second reason because they themselues haue often scoffed at their owne religion and deuine seruice For Gregorie the seuenth induced or drew on a certaine man so farre by promise of a great somme of mony that hee vndertooke to kill the Emperour Henry the third with a beame which hee would cause to fall vpon his head Benon Cardin. when he should be in the Church offering vp his praiers withall deuotion but as the murtherer made hast to execute his murder the peece breaking which vpheld the sayd beame vpon which hee did sit the murderous fellow and the beame fell downe from on hie both together The same Pope Hildebrand consulting with diuels against the Emperour Stella Venitus lib. ad cardin 5. maro Raphael voluter made no difficultie to cast the body of the Sacrament of Christ into the fire euen against the will and liking of the Cardinalles which act the Bishop of Parma hath diuulged and discouered Siluester the second obtained that authoritie papall by diuelish practises vpon condition that after his death he should be abandoned and left to the Diuels Sixtus the fourth caused Bandin Iulian to bee murdered in the Church by certaine Ruffins hired for that purpose to whom he gaue the certaine signe and token by the host of the Masse For that the Popes esteeme not verie much their Eucharist or Host it appeareth euidently as the reformed say because that ordinarily they intrust or commit it to an horse-keeper which carries the same before on horse-backe among the Scullions of the kitchin as being the Auaunt and courier of the Popes comming The third reason Thirdly the Reformed maintaine that they can also prooue the prophanesse or impietie of the Popes because they haue instituted more then sixtie fiue Ecclesiasticall orders euerie of those orders hauing a diuers fashion of attiring and of ornaments and vesment according to the diuers and sundrie customes or fashions rules orders of their Couent And among all these orders the number of the Cordeliers or Friers minors Sabellicij Enuead 29. l. 6. of some is estimated in Europe only at more then fiue hundered thousand which may easily be gathered by that which the generall of the order of Saint Francis hath often promised and offered to the Pope that is to deliuer vnto him about the number of thirtie thousand Monkes which without any hinderance of diuine seruice might all be imployed in the warrs So it is that amongst all other orders the Cordeliers and Iacobines are held much to excell all the rest And the Cordeliers besides all other fables which one may reade in the booke of the Conformities of Saint Frances are not ashamed to call vpon their patron in these latine verses Francisse Iesu

onely example of Iohn the 22. The excessiue treasure of Iohn the 22. who left after his death in his owne treasurie about the summe of two hundereth and fifteth tunnes of gold As Francis Petrarch an author worthie of credit doth plainly testifie Boniface the seuenth seeing he could stay no longer at Rome in safetie by stealth conueyed away out of the Chest or Shrine of Saint Peter the most precious Iewels kept therein fled to Constantinople Clement the eight and diuers other Popes haue beene often conuinced by their owne fellowes of such like sacriledges Gregorie the ninth sold to the Emperour his absolution for an hundered thousand ounces of gold Benedict the twelfth being possessed with feare sold to Gregory the sixt the Popedome for fiue and twenty hundred pounds of silver The simonie of Alexander the sixt is also sufficiently knowne by his Epitaph which is yet fresh in memory Vendit Alexander Coelos Altaria Christum Emerat ille prius vendere iure potest That is to say Heaven Altars Christ did Alexander sell He bought them first sell them he might as well Furthermore how Leo the tenth caused to be sold by Tetzalias and diverse other Popes by their Emissaries or Legats their Indulgences Buls pardons is better knowne throughout all Christendom then is wel-pleasing to the Popes Treason the fift cause of refusall The fift cause wherefore the Popes cannot be good Iudges in the differences say the Reformed is the crime of high treason or conspiracy The fift reason for they proue by true Histories that in all times they held the Emperours Kings Extrava de maior obed Can. 1. extra Mat. cons Extra de ma. obed and Princes of all Europe not onely for their vassals and liege-men or homagers but also for their vile slaues and base servants Pope Adrian alighting from his horse as the Emperour Fredericke Barbarossa The Emperor horse-keeper to the Pope with great reverence approached to the right side of his horse to hold his stirrop the Pope was offended at the fault committed by the Emperour Hol. chron 5. Cal. cap. 8. Nau. lib. 1. Gen. 79. Ram. in vit Pontif. reproving him somewhat sharply whereupon the Emperour still full of devotion answered in excuse that it so fell out with him because hee was not accustomed to hold stirrops and that it was the first time he ever exercised such an office And the Popes choller being the more stirred by such an excuse the Emperour said vnto him I would faine know whether this my service proceed from good-will or from dutie If it come from good will who will taxe for any negligence him that is officious and ready to do service And if it proceede not of dutie it imports not much on which side he holds the stirrop who came but to show and performe courtesie and seruice The next day the Emperour met the Pope and being become more circumspect by the foresaid reprehension held the left stirrop so conducting and guiding the Pope towards his armie Behold surely an exceeding contempt and disgrace of superiour authority Nau Ga. 39. Bern. d●pen Funct in cron And yet the Reformed affirme that they can produce a greater despitefulnes and indignitie that is to say of Alexander who became Pope after Adrian aforesaid For hee having excommunicated the said Emperour Fredericke Barbarossa when he requested to bee absolved of his excommunication the Pope assigned him a certaine day vpon which hee should appeare in the great Church of Venice whither being come into the presence of this Pope and of many Cardinalls and Bishops hee would not giue him his absolution vnlesse first he prostrated and cast himselfe downe at his feete entreating pardon of him The which the Emperour doing the Pope lifted vp his foot and put it on his neck causing at the instant his Prelats to sing that verse of the 91. Psalme Platin● Thou shalt walke vpon the Lion and Aspe the young Lion and the Dragon shalt thou tread vnder thy feete Wherewith the Emperour being much displeased answered hereunto Not vnto thee but to Saint Peter but the Pope treading the second time on the Emperours necke replyed both to mee and to Saint Peter And the History of Philip the faire King of France agreeth very well with the former For whereas the sayd King was by Boniface the eight banished or accursed as an Heretique and Enthusiast The King notwithstanding surceased not to proceed in his resolution And after hee had convinced the said Pope by evident testimonies of diverse grievous faults and offences hee caused him to be imprisoned in Rome And as this Pope entred like a Fox and raigned as a Lion in the end hee died like a dogge In the yeere 1300. a great number of people of all Nations being assembled in Rome to celebrate the Iubilie the same Boniface shewed himselfe to the people the first day adorned with pontificall vestments and attyre The Pope beares the two swords Abbas Vesp in P●●a Annal. Gal. M●● in Euseb cap. and the next day appearing in Imperiall habite caused a naked sword to be carried before him crying with a lowd voyce I am Pope and Emperour I haue Signiorie or Dominion earthly and celestiall And a few dayes after when Albert who was chosen Emperour by the Electors requested to be confirmed by the sayd Pope hee refused at the first entreaty saying that such an Election as was made without his commandement authority ought not to be esteemed for good and lawfull yet within a short time after he condescended to the desire of the Emperour but vnder this condition that vpon the first occasion offered hee should invade the kingdome of France Innocent the third did so hate the Emperour Philip because hee was chosen Emperour against his will that he often-times sayd Let either the Pope take away the Imperiall Crowne or let Philip take the Apostolicall Diademe from the Pope Ab Vesp Ser. Plat. Mars an Gal. imper Clement the sixt sayd to the Embassadors that hee would never giue absolution to their King Lodowicke or Lewis for his offence vnlesse freely yeelding vp his kingdom he committed himselfe with his kingdome and all his goods into the Popes power with promise not to accept nor receiue againe any of those things but from the meere favour and onely grace of the Pope The Reformed adde moreouer to the former that vpon the same foundation and ground Pope Constantine the first was the first that caused the Emperour to kisse his feet That Martin the fift caused the Emperour Sigismund to doe the like as also Iohn the 17. Crescent Consull of Rome Emperours excommunicated by Popes and Benedict the third the Emperour Moreover say the Reformed this ought not to be passed over in silence that is to say that Pope Innocent the third excommunicated O tho the fourth as also Gregorie the seuenth excommunicated Henry the fourth and Paschall the second Aug. stan

the Popes seate crying Come wretched creature to the Iudgement of God So that the next day the Pope was found dead vpon his bed all his body being blacke and blew as if he had beene beaten and brused with blowes of a cudgell Nicholas the third died suddenly being stroken with an Apoplexie Leo the tenth died laughing and drinking roundly Clement the eight hauing conspired with Francis king of France against the Emperour Charles the fift was afterwards imprisoned by the Captaines of the Emperour and derided after a strange fashion and after they had pilled or sacked the Citie of Rome he was restored to his pontificall authoritie but finally was stifled or smothered with certaine Cardinals by the smoke of certaine Torches and waxen lights Hitherto haue we vnderstood the courses reasons wherfore the Reformed Christians will not accept the Popes for there Iudges in matter of religion For they say in the first place that it is repugnant to all lawes and rights both deuine and humane that in this cause or sute Popes should be both accusers and Iudges And that which is more according to the common Iudgment and opinion of the Canonists the Pope alone cannot pronounce sentence vpon an heresie but must therein be Iudged also by others Adding farther herevnto so many wicked acts of the Popes whereof albeit they were not conuicted and condemned but onely accused yet so it is that they not only cannot be Iudges in religion but are also incapable of accusing the meanest person before they haue sufficiently purged and excused themselues of all the before mentioned enormities Finally for so much as this is agreeable to all naturall right and reason that is to say that in all affaires and consultations of importance euery thing be resolued vpon and concluded according to the opinion and sentence of the greater and principall part especially when the greater part is esteemed or considered not onely according to the number of persons but cheifly according to the nature worthines and importance of the whole affaire or matter and goodnesse of the cause And Considering that all the Realmes and nations heretofore mentioned which accuse the Popes doe largly extend and amount to the two principal parts of Christendome consequently there remayning for the Romane Catholikes but one of the principall parts of Christendome The Reformed conclude that they may with all right reason reiect the Popes as incompetent and vnlawfull Iudges wherefore say the Reformed Let the Popes of Rome first and foremost purge themselues of all the aforesaid abhominable acts and hainous villanies whereof they are accused or else if they cannot doe it let them forbeare to intrude themselues in quality or title of Iudges touching the differences of Religion Otherwise the Reformed say that they shal haue iust occasion to make that answere to Popes which was heretofore addressed or returned to Pope Iohn Bishop by the Greeke Churches the which Churches the Pope had written vnto then that he alone was the head of all the Churches and the onely and proper Vicar of Iesus Christ they answered him breefly in these termes The letter of 7. Churches to the Pope We firmely beleeue thy great authoritie ouer them that are subiect vnto thee wee cannot endure thy great pride and ambition wee cannot iustifie thy great couetousnes The diuel be with thee for God is with vs. The Reformed come now to declare wherefore and how farre forth they will not acknowledge the Councells nor admit them for their Iudge For they refuse them as they say Why the Coūcels are refused to be iudges in religion for diuers and sundrie weightie reasons And first of all they affirme that there are diuers Councels which haue grosly erred not onely in discipline and outward order but also in that which concerneth the honour of our Saviour Iesus Christ The 1. reason of refusall whence it hath come to passe that oftentimes Provinciall Synodes haue beene corrected and controuled by Generall Councels and Generall Councels by provinciall Secondly The 2. reason of refusall the principall and best Councels haue not alwayes treated of all the points and articles of Chrstian Faith but onely of certaine differences which were then most questioned Moreover it appeareth by Histories that even in the best golden ages the pride and ambition or the curiosity or impudence and indiscretion or else the dissolutenesse or evill carriage of certaine Bishops and Pastors hath beene such as it seemes that oft-times in the Councels and Synodes the Spirit of God did not governe but rather the vncleane spirit who then prevailed got the vpper hand In briefe we reade that in these last ages such Councels haue beene held as haue brought in and confirmed false doctrine and vnprofitable frivolous and hurtfull ceremonies and that not by arguments or reasons or by the authority of the Word of God but rather by strong force by way of Armes And to the end no man may think all this to be devised as a false and malicious accusation the Reformed affirme that they can plainely proue it by a briefe rehearsall and register of the Councels for who shall diligently search into ancient and moderne Histories shall finde this to bee true that even as following the ancient tradition of the house of Elias all the time of the continuance of this world is divided into thrise three thousand yeeres In like manner all the time from the first comming of Iesus Christ vntill his last comming at the day of iudgement may bee fitly distributed into three periods or parts in which also all Realmes and Principalities haue felt some alteration and change We finde also that in those three periodes Three periods or partitions of Time of the new Testament or partitions of time true Christian religion and the vniversall Church hath increased and decreased like the moone For vntill about 500. yeeres after the birth of Christ although that during the sayd time certaine differences or controversies did arise touching the person of the Sonne of God and other very important points of religion against Ebion Cerinthus and diverse other Heretiques yet the truth hath alwayes obtained the vpper hand And during those first fiue hundred yeeres the Church of Christ flourished being as it were in full moone For in this first period were held the Apostolicall Councels and afterwards all the foure Oecumenicall Councels that is to say vniuersall of the Primitiue Church And indeed the first of all those Oecumenicall and Generall was assembled or called at Nice by the Emperour Constantine the Great Con. Nice which confuted and condemned the wicked Heretique Arrius The second was assembled or held at Constantinople by the Emperour Theodosius Con. Const which disprooued and convinced the Macedonian Heretiques The third was assembled in Ephesus Con. Ephes by the Emperour Theodosius the second sonne of Arcadius which condemned the Heretique Nestorius The fourth was called and held in Chalcedon by