dicebat Petre instat tempus tuae resolutionis oportet teire Romam in qua cum mortem per crucem sustinueris accipies mercedem Iustitiae Cum ergo propterea deum glorificasset egisset gratias apud Britannos mansisset dies aliquot verbo gratiae multos illuminasset Ecclesias constituisset Episcoposque Presbyteros Diaconos ordinasset duodecimo anno Caesaris Neronis rursus Romam reuertitur when S. Peter had stayed but a short time with the Romans and had baptized many and fownded the Church and ordeyned Linus Bishop he came to Tarracina in which when he had ordeyned Epaphroditus Bishop he came to Sirmium a citie of Spaine in which place when he had constituted Epinaetus Bishop he came into Egipt whē he had made Rufus Bishop of Thebes which hath seuē gates and Marke the Euangelist Bishop of Alexandria he came againe to Hierusalē by reuelatiō for the migratiō or passing out of life of Mary the mother of God After this returning into Egipt through Africk the returned againe to Rome From which he came to Milane and Photice which are cities in the cōtinent in which after he had appointed Bishops and Preists he came into Britaine in which place whē he had stayed a longe time and had drawne many natiōs not named to the faith of Christ he had an Angelicall visiō which said O Peter the time of thy Resolution is at hand And thou must goe to Rome in which when thou hast suffered death by the crosse thou shalt receaue the reward of Iustice Therefore whē he had glorified God for it and giuen thākes stayed after with the Britans some dayes and illuminated many with the word of grace and constituted Churches and ordeined both Bishops and Preists and Deacons in the twelfth yeare of the Emperour Nero he returneth to Rome Hitherto the Relation of this holy learned and auncient Sainct writer Where the labours and trauailes of S. Peter are so orderly and punctually set downe after his first coming to Rome that except so worthie a man had sounde certaine and vndoubted Authoritie for such a Relation no man can be so malicious as to thinke he would so confidently and particularly haue written of that matter 10. And it appeareth plainely by that I haue written before that both by Catholiks Protestants all the rest of S. Alredus his narration of S. Peters Iorneyes are most true certaine except this last of his coming hither and so longe remayning in this our Britaine these parts which I matuaile that any man of this kingdome will call in question being deliuered by so many Authorities before and aboue all other parts of that his Relation fortified by so manie vndeniable circumstances and Arguments as the time when the way by which he came a longe continuance of his aboude heare his passage by this Iland to drawe many vnnamed nations to the faith of Christ what he did heare his making of Bishops Preists and Deacons founding of Churches his loue to this kingdome so greate that vntill he was admonished from Heaven by an Angell to returne againe to Rome to receaue his crowne of Martyrdome he had so happily placed his Apostolicall Cathedrall See in this Imperiall and commanding Iland of this Northren and westerne world and by his blessed presence and heauenly labours left it Illustrious to succeeding generations not onely to be stiled Romana Insula the Roman Iland as I haue written before but as the same Apostle himself did testifie to S. Brithworld S. Peters preaching in Britaine proued by infallibly diuine authoritie Bishop of Winton or Wilton as our Protestant Historians doe plainely testifie together prouing that S. Peter first preached in this kingdome of greate Britaine The Protestant Theater writers haue these words It is reported by Aluredus Riuallensis the writer of King Edward the Confessors life that a holy man Theater of great Britaine l. 6. c. 9. studious and carefull for a gouernour to succeede was in his sleepe told by S. Peter that the kingdome of England was his wherein himself had first preached and would also prouide him successors Which other Protestants thus further confirme Alredus Francis Mason of Consecrat of Bishop l. 2. c. 2. p. 47. Sutcliffe subuers Godwyn conu of Britaine p. 4. Riuallensis an English Abbot left written aboue 500. yeares agone a certaine Reuelation or apparition of S. Peter to an holy man in the time of King Edward the Confessor shewing how he had preached himself in England and consequently the particular care he had of that Church and Nation Thus farre these Protestants So that if this was a true Reuelation there needeth no more testimony in this matter for the wittnes of Angels glorified Saints cannot by any possibilitie be vntrue and the vision testifiing that S. Peter himself had first preached heare in this kingdome is an euident demonstration both that he preached heare and was the first either immediately by himself or mediately by his disciples and Substituts which preached the faith of Christ in this kingdome Therefore all the difficultie will be in the proposers of this holy Reuelation he to whome it was made and they which haue commended it to writing And because supernaturall things such as this was cannot be proued by naturall Argument a priore by their cause to giue some certaine and vndoubted proofe thereof a Posteriore by some effect necessarily conuincing some supernaturall power to haue had Influence thereto for the more credite of this sacred truthe proue by these Protestants themselues 11. And first concerning the writer and recorder of this holy history they haue told vs it was Alredus Riuallensis a man of that worth learning and Ioh. Balaeus de Scriptor Cētur 2. fol. 88. p. 1. in Alred Riual pietie that to speake in a Protestant Bishops words he was Cistertiensiū Monachorum Abbas natione Anglus gencre doctrina inculpatae vitae moribus praeclarus enituit Episcopatum ac alios honores mundanos omnino recusabat vt ad virtutum exercitia maximè ad Euangelij praedicationem expeditior haberetur Vir erat vt alter Bernardus ingenio pius consilio modestissimus Abbot of the Cistersian monkes by Country an English man he was eminently renowned by birth learning and holy life and conuersation he refused a Bishoprike and other worldly honors vtterly that he might be more ready to the exercises of vertues chefely for preaching the ghospell he was a man as an other S. Bernard Godly in wit and most modest in counsaile He that desireth more of this holy witnes may finde in our auncient M. S. antiq de vit Sanct. Ioh. Capgr in Cata. l. in S. Alred Abb. Manuscripts our learned Countriman Ihon Capgraue and others how he is registred among the most glorious and miraculous Saints of this Natiō to which our Protestant Bishop before hath giuen allowance where he giueth vs assured knowledge that this
forreyne Christian and heathen to incline vs to thinke that the Scots were not long after this time so seated in any number in this greate Iland with such Power or commande that they could giue the denomination of Scotland to any greate part thereof or assume the name of a King vnto them called Scotorum Rex the King of the Scots but they still remayned in the out litle Ilands Hebrides Monâ— Orchads Iona and others We finde in an Oration of Iosephus the Iew to his Countrymen in the time of Titus speaking Iosephus orat ad Iudaeos apud Egesippum l. 5. cap. 15. Fascicul Temp. Anno D. 74. Humf. Lhoid in Breuiar Britan. of the Roman Emperours Power at that time Tremit hos Scotia quae terris nihil debet that our Scots then liued not in any greate part of Land but at Sea and in litle Ilands neare vnto Britaine Walterus Rollewink Authour of Fasciculus Temporum writeth that the Brittish Scots did begin heare but in the yeare of Christ 74. Scotagens oritur ex Pictis Hiberis in Albania propè Angliam circa Annum Domini 74. Which is manifest also by Matthew of Westminster and others writing that the Picts coming hither about that time and finding none but Britans heare desired to match with them in marriadge which the Britans refusing the Picts went to the Sots of Ireland in the yeare of Christ 76. and had wiues from thence And the Scots thus came first into Britaine Picti vxores non habentes filias cognatas Britonum petierunt ab eis Matth Westm Anno gratiae 76. 77. Bed l. 1. Hist Eccles cap. 1. At illi vt passi fuerunt repulsam transfretauerunt in HiberniaÌ„ exilla Patria mulieres reducentes pueros susceperant ex Pictis Hibernensibus Scoti originem habuerunt quasi ex diuersis Nationibus compacti Scot etenim illud dicitur quod ex diuersis rebus in vnum aceruum congregatur Our English Protestant Historians Hollinsh Hist of Engl. l. 4. c. 15. Stowe and Howes Hist Romans in Marius Humfry Lhoyd in Breui Brit. cap. in descript Scotiae thus relate this matter King Marius hauing conquered the Picts that came into Britaine granted licence to them that remained that they might inhabite in the North part of Scotland called Catnesse being as then a Country in manner desolate wirhout habitation whereupon they withdrew thither and setled themselues in those parts And because the Britans disdained to grant vnto them their daughters in marriadge they sent vnto the Scots into Ireland requiring to haue wiues of their Nation The Scots agreed to their request with this condition that where there wanted lawfull Issue of the Kings Linage to succeede in the kindome of the Picts then should they name one of the womans side to be their King Thus the Picts next after the Romans were the first of any strangers that came into this land to inhabite as most writers affirme allthough the Scottish Chronicles auouch the Picts to be Inhabiters heare before the Incarnation of Christ But the Victory which Marius obtained against their King Roderike chanced in the yeare after the Incarnation 87. neither was there any Writer of name that made mention either of Scots or Picts before Vespasianus his time about the yeare of the Incarnation 72. Henry of Huntington Henric. hunting Hist l. 1. following as he saith Auncient Authours haec sunt quae à scriptis veterum traduntur setting downe the comming of the Picts into Britaine and their marrying with the Irish setteth downe the comming of the Scots out of Ireland hither long after that time procedente tempore venerunt Scotti ab Hibernia Harding Cron. fol. 42. cap. 50. in Britanniam Harding citing Mewinus the old Brittish Writer for Authour affirmeth that the first Scots that came to Britaine came in the 75. yeare of Christ Giraldus Cambrensis maketh the first inhabiting of the Scots in Britaine to haue bene in the time of greate Nell Nelli magni King of Ireland who was Father to King Laegirius in whose dayes S. Patrike preached Girald Cambr. Topograph Hibern cap. 16. in that Country which was not by any accompt before the yeare of Christ 418. praedicto Nello Hiberniae Monarchiam obtinente sex filios Muredi Regis Vltoniae in classe non modica Boreales Britanniae partes occupasse Vnde gens ab ijs propagatâ— specisicato vocabulo Scotica vocata vsque in hodiernum diem Angulum illum inhabitant Where he confidently deliuereth that the name of Scots and Scotland in Britaine began heare at this time 2. And allthough the Scottish Histories contend that the Scots in Britaine had gathered a greate Armie of men and women as their vse and neede was against Maximus which they had gathered ouâ— of Ireland the out Ilands and such Scots as were then come into Britaine yâ—t being ouerthrowne in battaile they were so farre vnable after to make resistance euen by their owne Chroniclers that to vse their owne words A Proclamation comming forth from Maximus that all such as were naturall Scottish men should by a certaine day auoide out of those Countryes that they possessed in Britaine vpon paine of loosing life and goods and to deliuer vp their houses and lands vnto such Brittans and Picts as were appointed by the Romans for to enioy the same The Scots perceauing themselues not Boeth Scotor Hist l. 7. Hollinshed Hist of Scotland in Eugen an 352. Georg. Buchan Rerum Scot. lib. 4. in Reg. 39. able to make any resistance obayed this commandement some of them passing ouer into Ireland some into the Westerne Iles and some of them got ouer also into Norway and Denmarke and many got entertainemen amongst the Roman souldiers and went ouer with them into France And so there was neither man woman nor child of the Scottish Race left in Britaine their Preists also and Religious men were banished and fled into the I le of Iona. This was in the yeare of Christ 352. Boethius saith this was about the 379. yeare of Christ and the Hect. Boeth in Catal. Scotor Reg. in Eugen. 1. Fergusio 2. l. 6. Histor Hollinsh Hist of Scotland in Fethelmacus Scots had no King after this vntill the 422. yeare of Christs Incarnation Scoti inde quatuor quadraginta annis sine Rege ad Annum virginei partus quadringentesimum vigesimum secundum fuere And they confesse that Eugenius which was thus ouerthrowne by Maximus was but an Ilander of Mona Eugenius è Mona Insula and from thence made King of the Scots Paulus Orosius scholler to S. Augustine the Doctor liuing long after this time confineth the Scots to Ireland and the Iles Meuainae in his dayes Hibernia proprior Britanniae a Scotorum gentibus colitur Huic etiam Meuania Insula proxima est ipsa spatio non parua solo commoda aeque a Scotorum gentibus habitatur S. Bede also both by Paulus Orosius
Hist Brittans Saxons and Scots iudgments the surest Authour we can haue in this matter setting downe the comming of the Picts into these parts first to the Scots in Ireland and then landing in Britaine in the time of Marius as I haue before related longe after the Natiuitie of Christ proueth that the Scots came hither longe after that time Procedente autem tempore Britannia post Britones Pictos tertiam Scotorum Nationem in Pictorum parte recepit And againe Hibernia propriè patria Scotorum est ab hac egressi vt diximus tertiam in Britannia Beda Eccles Hist lib. 1. cap. 1. Britonibus Pictis gentem addiderun◠And the Scottish Antiquaries which would make so longe and auncient a Catalogue of their Kings doe not at any time call them or any of them in those times Kings of Scotia or Scotland Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Georg. Buchan Rer. Scoticar l. 1. 2. 3. 4. c. but Kings of the Scots Scotorum Reges 3. And to returne to Ecclesiasticall matters againe This is confirmed by this present History of the Conuersion of the King of Scots Donaldus by Pope Victor and his Apostolike Preachers among whome we doe not finde any one Bishop to haue bene sent nor any Bishoprike erected in any place where probably this King Donald or any King of the Scots ruled longe time after this The Scottish Antiquaries themselues that stand so stiffely for the Antiquitie of their Nation doe freely acknowledge that the first Episcopall See that euer was where their Kings ruled was erected in the time of Dioclesian his Persecution and this in the Iland of Mona and giuen to S. Amphibalus a Brittish Bishop by King Crathlint King of the Scots at that time Fuit id templum Hect. Boeth Scot. Hist lib. 6. fol. 102. omnium primum Christiano ritu vbi Pontifex sacerque Magistratus sedem haberet primariam inter Scotos cuius nostri meminere Scriptores dedicatum Nunc S. Palladius sent by S. Caelestine Pope the first Bishop of Scots sent from Rome vocant Sodorense Fanum And they both confesse that S. Palladius whome S. Caelestine Pope sent to the Scots aboue 200. yeares after this was the first Bishop which any Pope made sent thither the first that consecrared other Bishops among the Scots Erat Palladius primus omnium qui Sacrum inter Scotos Hector Boethius Scot. Hist l. 7. f. 133. Georg. Buchan Rer. Scotic l. 5. in Rege 42. Hector Boeth supr l. 6. Holins Hist of Scotland p. 88. Manusc Antiq. Io. Capgrau in Vita S. Niniani Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 7. f. 119. Io. Bal. l. de Scriptorib Brit. cent 1. in Niniano Beruicio egere Magistratum a summo Pontifice Episcopus creatus And creditur idem Palladius primus Episcopos in Scotia creasse And they set downe the Bishops and places which and where he created them Seruanus in the Iles of the Orchades and Toruanus for the Picts Palladius Seruanum Episcopum ad Orchadas Insulas creauit Et Teruanum Pictorum Archiepiscopum constituit These were the first Bishops which the Scottish Antiquities remember to haue bene either among them or the Picts except S. Ninian sent a litle before from the See of Rome to conuert the Pictish Nation The old Manuscript and Capgraue in S. Niniā his life say that he there ordained Preists consecrated Bishops diuided the Coūtry into Parishes Ordinauit Presbyteros Episcopus cōsecrauit totam terram per certas Parochias diuisit He being a Noble Britan by birth preached both to the Scots Picts and Britans that were in those parts and dyed an old man about the yeare of Christ 432. about which time S. Palladius came hither Ninianus Episcopus sanctitate Miraculis clarissimus Scotorum Pictorum Britouumque Doctor ad senium vsque obijt faelicitatis nostrae Anno 432. 4. It is an euident falsehood which a Puritane Scottish Historian speaking of this time of Paladius his preaching to the Scots affirmeth that vntill then the Churches were gouerned by Monkes without Bishops Ad id vsque tempus Georg. Buchan Rer. Scoticar l. 5. Rege 42. Ecclessiae absque Episcopis per Monachos regebantur For I haue shewed before how from the beginning of Christianitie the Churches of Christ in all places were gouerned by Bishops and such euer ruled heare in Britaine also thirtie or more in number heare in Britaine and how the Northren inhabitants of Britaine that were Christians whether Britans Picts or Scots were subiect to the Archbishop of Yorke and the Bishops which were vnder him And allthough at the first Conuersion of the Scots of this our Britaine whether continuing in the out Ilands or in some small numbers within the maine kingdome not being Owners or Possessioners of any Cities places which were or by the practise of the primatiue Church might be allowed for Fpispall Sees they could not haue Bishops of their owne at that time yet I haue instanced before that so soone as they came to enioy such places as might be allowed for Bishops Residences they also enioyed Bishops with all other Holinshed Hist of Scotland in K. Eugenius Io. Bal. l. de Scri. Brit. cent 1. in Brigida Lagin Capgr in S. Brig Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 9. f. 187. Holinsh. hist of Scotl. in Malcolme 3. Hector Boeth Scotor Hist l. 7. f. 133. Henric. Huntington Hist l. 3. Christian Nations so they had S. Amphibalus in Mona Bishop of Soder there S. Ninian and other Bishops consecrated by him And a Protestant Antiquarie in his Historie of Scotland writeth that the Scots had Bishops in the time of Maximus and were banished then with the other Scots And we finde many Auncient Bishops as Machillas Bruno and others Successours to S. Amphibalus in Soder And the Scottish Historians confesse that the Hebrides Ilands Galloway and the adioyning Countryes were subiect to that Bishops See till the time of King Malcome the third about the yeare of Christ 1057. Hebrides Gallouidiam ac illis vicinus Regiones Sodorensi Episcopo cui in Mona Sedes erat Sacra vsque ad Malcolmi tertij Regis tempora in rebus paruisse diuinis And the same Scottish Antiquaries with others proue that allthough their Bishops were commonly chosen at the first out of their Culdeis holy Preists or Monkes yet they were consecrated and made Bishops as others were Ex monachis Culdeis Pontifices assumerentur And to be assured that these Scottish Bishops were truely and ritely consecrated it was an old custome of the Scots in the time of S. Wiro allmost a thowsand yeares since that when Manuscr Ant. in Vita S. Wironis Episc Capgr Catal. in eod the Scots had any Bishop to be Consecrated they sent him to Rome to be sacred there moris erat apud Incolas Pastorem à se electum Romam manibus Apostolicis ordinandum dirigere ordinatumque sedem plebem
reuisere And that holy The Bishops of ScotlaÌ„d euer truely consecrated as the Roman vse was Bishop together with Plechelmus which went with him was so Consecrated by the Pope according to that custome a custome so long since with that Nation that it seemeth to haue bene there kept and obserued from the time of the first Bishop there S. Ninian consecrated and sent thither by the Pope of Rome For S. Bede saith that this S. Plechelmus which was thus Consecrated at Rome with S. Wyro by the Pope was Bishop of Candida Casa S. Ninian his See both builded and founded by him Plechelmus in ea quae Candida Bed Hist Eccl. l. 5. c. 24. Capgrau in S. Ninian Manuscript Capgr supr in S. Wyrone Episcopo casa vocatur Episcopi Praesulatum tenet Which standeth in that I le or Peninsula where this custome was to send their elect Bishops to Rome to be CoÌ„secrated by the Pope Moris erat apud Incolas eiusdem Insulae Pastorem a se electum Romam manibus Apostolicis ordinandum dirigere Which is euident by the words immediately following ordinatumque sedem plebem reuisere That the person thus elect and sent to Rome to be CoÌ„secrated Bishop by the Pope should after his Consecration returne to his See and people of his Diocesse which must needs be this Scottish Iland where Candida Casa was whether S. Pecthelmus or Plechelmus returned after his Consecration at Rome and there held his Episcopall See as S. Bede witnesseth so this custome must needs be in that Scottish Iland And except our Scottish Histories before deceaue vs when they call Teruanus Archbishop who was Bishop heare by S. Palladius Pope Celestine his Legate his ordination all the Scots obserued or were bound to this custome So that of all people in the world we may not call The ChristiaÌ„ Scots truely obedient to the See of Rome the validitie of the Scottish Bishops Consecration into any question or enter into the least suspition of any willfull reuolte of that people from the Church of Rome Of Ignorance as in the Paschall obseruation by distance of place and troblesomenesse of times they may be accused of any willfull error or disobedience they cannot be condemned 5. Allthough I haue bene thus sparing vpon the remembred reasons to affirme that the Scottish Nation either in this greate Iland or any the out Ilands thereof had before this time of S. Victor his sending Preachers to conuert them receaued the faith of Christ yet I may be bold vpon better warrant to deliuer that generally for the most parte the Inhabitants of that parte now called Scotland whether Britans Picts or Scots did then or soone after receaue the Christian faith for the Britans of that Country we haue heard before that they were conuerted in the time of King Lucius by the Legats Manuscr Antiq. de primo statu Landau Eccles Antiq. Glaston tabul ligneis Fixae Guliel Malm. l. de Ant q. Caenobij Glaston Tertull. l. contr Iudaeòs c. 7. Magdeburg centr 2. cap. 2. Theat of greate Brit. l. 6. and Apostolike Preachers sent by Pope Eleutherius To passe ouer printed Authorities in all mens hands the old Manuscript of Landaffe saith that both King Lucius and the Nobles of Britaine the name to the whole Iland then were baptized Lucius totius Britanniae Primates Baptismum susceperunt The Antiquities of Glastenbury from old Annals of credit Tradunt bonae credulitatis Annales doe deliuer that the Legats of Pope Eleutherius did preach and baptize through all parts of Britaine huic praedicando baptizando Britanniae partes peragrantes William of Malmesbury in his Manuscript Historie of the Antiquitie of that place plainely teacheth that they baptized preached and trauailed throughout the whole Iland Baptizantes praedicantes vniuersam Insulam peragantes And Tertullian speaketh directly of the Britans when he saith Britannorum Romanis inaccessa loca That the Britans in those places whether the Romans could neuer come had receaued the faith of Christ which must needs be vnderstood of the Britans which were then in Albania now Scotland And I haue proued before that in the time of King Lucius Pope Eleutherius and his Legats heare did make all the Christians of that Northren part whatsoeuer they were Britans Picts or Scots Bishops Preists others of the Cleargie or Laitie subiect to the Archbishop of Yorke And the Scottish Antiquaries who pleade so much for their honour say that Pope Victor his Preists which he sent hither did not onely preach the faith of Christ vnto the vttermost parte of this Iland of Britaine or Albion but instructed the people in Learning Diuinitie Incaepere nostri tum primum sacras Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 5. f. 89. 90. colere literas Sacerdotibus praeceptoribus quos Victor Pont. Max. ad Christi dogma propalandum in extremam miserat Albionem And by these Apostolike men thus sent from Rome by Pope Victor many of the Picts also which inhabited in the North of Britaine were coÌ„uerted at this time or before in the CoÌ„uersion in the time of King Lucius for allthough S. Ninian which came hither about the end of the fourth hundred of yeares of Christ is commonly reputed the first Bishop especially Consecrated at Rome and expressely by the Pope sent to that Nation yet many of them were long time before conuerted to Christian Religion and finding no other generall conuersions heare in our primatiue Church but vnder Pope Eleutherius and Victor we must asscribe these Picts Christianitie to them or their Disciples 6. Christian Religion was so propagated among these Picts in the later end of this Age that the very women of that Nation were able in dispute to confownd the best Learned Pagans Among them there was one most renowned Hector Boeth Scotor Hist l. 6. f. 104. 105. Ann. Scotici ibidem Hollinsh Hist of Ireland Marcus Antonius de Dominis l. 2. de Repub. Christ c. 8. p. 277. 278. not onely by our Irish Scottish Brittish or English Antiquaries whether Catholiks or Protestants but by the auncient Greeke writers among whome Theodoret with others witnesseth that a Christian Pictish woman so with reasons and Miracles conuinced a King and Queene with many others in Ireland in the time of greate Constantine Emperour that a Bishop was sent to that Nation to perfect that she had so happily begun And we finde that longe before the comming of S. Ninian both the King namely Heirgustus and people of the Picts generally were conuerted Christians and at the comming of S. Regulus thither with the holy Reliks of S. Andrewe the Apostle entertained and reuerenced them with greate zeale and deuotion and built a Church in honour of S. Andrewe endowing it with greate Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 6. f. 108. 109. Hollins Hist of Scotland in Augusiaâ—us An. D. 369. Will. Harris descrip of Brit. c. 9. Will. Harrison supr c. 9. possessions and
pretiously adorning it with all things belonging to Christian Religion all this was longe time before S. Niniā came hither that the King people of the Picts were thus zealous in Christian Religion which could not probably proceede from any later or other Originall thē this sending of preachers hither by Pope Victor which a Protestant Antiquarie confesseth plainely by this his calculation of time whilest these things were thus in hand the Mates Picts and Caledoniens receaued the faith This Conuersion of the North parts fell out in the sixt yeare before the warres that Seuerus had in those quarters and 170. after the death of our Sauiour Iesus Christ Which was the 203. of his Incarnation the very yeare before assigned by all Histories of Pope Victor his sending Preachers into those parts Which is further confirmed by the firme assistance and ioyning of the Picts and Scots then with the Christian Britans against the Romans testified by all Antiquities Which we cannot better impute to any other motiue then their new vnion in Christian Religion being enemies and at variance before Arnoldus Mermannius in his Treatise Of the Conuersion of Nations to Christ confirmeth the same for speaking of the Britans Conuersion in the time of King Lucius and Eleutherius saith that the Scots Picts Irish and other Ilanders of this Climate did at or about that time receaue the Christian faith though they then had no Bishop Scoti Picti Hiberni caeterique eius climatis Insulares videnter eodem tempore fidem accepisse sed Episcopum Arnold Merm Theatro conu Gent. p. 123. non ita si venerabili Bedae credendum est And this with that is saide before is sufficient for the Conuersion of the Scots about Britaine wheresoeuer they were seated 7. But to allowe them eyther habitation then in this greate Iland or to haue had that time any Bishops I dare not for the reasons and Authorities I haue alledged before And yet might write more plainely and not singularly of this matter if I should speake onely in the words of Protestant Antiquaries among whome two principall men haue with greate applause with many men of their Religion thus published to the world Neyther was there Humfry Lhoyd Breuiar Brit. Thom. Twyne f. 35. 36. any Writer of name that made mention eyther of Scots or Readshanks before Vespasians time about the yeare of our Lords Incarnation threescore and twelue at what time Maurigus or Maus or Aruiragus reigned in Britaine For our Chronicles doe reporte of a Nation which liued by Piracie and Rouing one the Sea comming forth of Sueuia or Norway hauing one Rhythercus to their Captaine and landed in Albania wasting all the Countrie with robbing and spoyling so farre as Caerleil where he was discomfited and slayne by Meurigus and a greate many of his men also and those which escaped fledd to their ships and so conueyed themselues into the Orchades and the Iles of Scotland where they quietly abode a greate while These after they had taken hart of grace and were growen to some power out of these Ilands in their litle leathern boates such as our fishermen doe vse now a dayes a long Scotland were wont to robbe and spoyle shephards and husbandmen Vntill that about the yeare of our Lord 290. when the Romans and Britans were both at ciuile warres for the purple Robe which Carausius woare and after him Allectus they entered generally into Cathenesia and Caledonia and driuing thence the Brittish Shephards and Heardsmen Fol. 37. and calling vnto them the Gatheli out of Ireland which are now called the Scots were so bold as to prouoke the Britans in open warre Dion a man which had bene Consul and familiar with Seuerus the Emperour and vnto him dearely beloued Fol. 40. whilst he declareth his expedition into Britaine at lardge not once speaketh of the Scots or Readshankes being very well knowne to all men that he conueyed all his force and Power into Albania or Scotland For quoth Dion the Meati and Caledonij Dion Cassius in Seuero two diuers kinds of Britans reuolted from the Romans and Seuerus calling together his souldiers commanded them to inuade their Country and kill all that euer they mett If the Scots had bene in Britaine at that time the Reporter hereof being a friend neyther after him Herodian who in sufficient long discourse hath sett forth that voiage would haue defrauded an Emperour so ambitious and thirsty of honour as Seuerus was of his due prayse Wherefore it is as euident as Noone dayes that at this time which was about two hundred and two yeares after the Incarnation of our Lord the Scots had no seate in Britaine Ouer and besides all this neyther Eutropius neyther Spartianus neither Capitolinus neyther Lampridius neyther Vopiscus nor Aurelius Victor who haue all written the expeditions and warres of the Roman Emperours in Britaine haue in any place made mention of the Scottish or Readshanks name And they conclude in this manner it appeareth manifestly that at this time that is to witt in the yeare of our Saluation 410. The Scots possessed no certaine Fol. 47. place in Britaine but many times vsed to make Irruptions out of Ireland and by litle and litle subdued the North parts of the Iland and at lenght hauing driuen thence the Inhabitants established their kingdome there vnder Valētinian the yoūger in the yeare of God Incarnate 444. when as now the Romans had left off the chardge and Holinsh. Hist of Engl. l. 3. cap. 10. Galfr. Monum Hist Reg. Brit. l. 5. c. 3. Hard. Cron. c. 54. Matth. Westm an 292. care of Britaine An other Protestant Antiquarie saith confidently sure it is that no speciall mention of the Scots is made till about 300. yeares after the birth of our Sauiour And the old Brittish History inclineth to hold that Carausius gaue the Picts their first place in Albania to inhabite and they matching with the Britans which dwelled there continued to after Ages Victoria cessit Carausio Qui vt triumphum habuit dedit Pictis locum mansionis in Albania vbi cum Britonibus mixti per sequens aeuum manserunt And Matthew of Westminster with some others maketh it the yeare of Christ 202. before Carausius entered into this busines 8. And the Scottish Historians themselues doe acknowledge that 48. of their first Kings as they call those their Leaders were buried in a litle Out-Ilād called Iona or Columkill And also 4. petty Irish and 8. such Noruegian Princes and to this day there is euidence thereof Eminent inter caeteros Tumuli Georg. Buchan Rerum Scotic l. 1. William Harrison descript of Brit. p. 40. in Iona tres in Occidente cuiusque parte lapis inscriptus quorum Tumuli sint indicat Qui medius est Titulum habet Tumulus Regum Scotiae ferunt enim quadraginta octo Reges Scotorum ibi fuisse humatos an Argument sufficient what litle interest they had in Britaine when
Holinsh Hist of Scotl. in Maximus Britaine they had very many Monkes Religeous men of their owne Scottish people which by the common generall Edict of Maximus to bannish all Scots whatsoeuer Ecclesiasticall or temporall without exception or limitatioÌ„ were exiled with the rest they erected new Monasteries in the out Ilands Among which one aboue the rest in the Hebrides Ilands in the I le of Iona was most renowned both for holy Monkes and Nunnes where the common funerall place was of the Scottish Kings There was an other such Monastery in the I le of Mona where S. Briget euen by our Protestant Antiquaries Io. Bal. cent 1. in Brigida Lagmési Hector Boeth Scotor Hist l. 9. Capgr in S. Brigida with three other Virgins at one time became Nunnes being professed by Machillas then Bishop of Soder or Soter this was when she was but 14. yeares olde Brigida sanctissima virgo decimo quarto anno vix superato ad Sodorensem Episcopum in Monam Iusulam paternis fortunis quae amplissimae erant contemptis aufugit precibus non sine lachrimis petens vt perpetuae virginitati Pontificia authoritate addiceretur Which time being compared with that of her life being very old at her death and that she had bene first buried in Mona and her body translated to Dune in Ireland in the yeare 518. must needs proue vnto vs that there was a Religeous house in Mona in this Age. 12. And not onely in Mona Iona and the Hebrides Ilands but in other out Ilands and places these Scotish Monkes made aboad and had Cels or Monasteries in this time For our Scotish Historians deliuering vnto vs how they were all by Maximus bannished with the other Scots out of the Country now called Scotland confesse also that there came but a part allthough a greate part for the nearnes and conuenieÌ„cy of those Ilands into the Hebrides Veremund Hect. Boeth l. 6. Scot. Hist Georg. Buchan Rer. Scoticar l. 4. in Rege 39. Quorum magna pars in Hebrides delata The others then must needs haue other resting places which the Antiquaries of Scotland euen Protestants confesse saying that the Scottish Preists and Monkes then held in greate honor reuerence were dispersed into all Countries rounde about and many of them came into Iona Neâ— Ã Sacerdotibus Monachis qui tum in summo erant honore Picti si publicè Christianis institutis imbuti Iniuriam abstinuerunt Illi vero profugi cum in omnes circumcirca Regiones dispergerentur multi in Ionam Aebudarum vnam deuenerunt atque ibi in Caenobium collecti magâ—am suae sanctitatis eruditionis â—amam ad Posteros transmiserunt Some of these Scots went into Ireland in Hiberniam from whome came the Irish Monkes so famous afterward and some of our Brittish Monkes also preached there in this time as I haue proued of S. Carantocus called by the Irish Cernath before And when in the beginning of the next Age the Scots came into this Iland againe the Monkes of Iona and Mona continuing there still there came so many Scottish Monkes inâ—o the part called Scotland in the time of Fergusius their King the second of that name from their places of Bannishment in so greate a number Veremund Hect. Boeth Scotor Hist l. 7. by the Scottish Writers that their King Fergusius founded and endowed for them being a vertuous Prince many Cels or Monasteries Restituit Fergusius templa dirutâ—â—â—ut populi defectu neglecta sacris ministris ad Dei cultum sacerdâ—tijâ— donatis Qui â—â—ularant Monachos reduâ—es mira charitate amplexus vt popuâ—um vera imâ—uâ—râ—nt â—ietate structis ad id patrio ritu Cellulis quibusdam ad vitae neâ—â—ssariâ— praeâ—â—â—s donâ—uit Where besides the Preists and their Churches we see many Religeous houses founded and endowed for the exiled Monkes returning in the begining of the next Age. Not vnprobable but diuers of these Boeth supr Georg. Buchan l. 4. 5. Hollinsh Hist of Scotl. in Fergusio 2. Monkes came with him from Scandia and Denmarke where he was borne and whether the Scotish Monkes with others fledd in the time of Maximus and other adiacent Contries and Ilands they then being dispersed into all parts about this Kingdome in omnes circumcirca Regiones And yet at the time of this dispersion of the Scotish Monkes the Brittish Monkes with their Cells and Monasteries were in quiet in the Country now termed Scotland as I haue proued before and were many 13. The same is euident of the Religeous people of the Pictish Nation now being Christians the exilement by Maximus onely extending to the Scots Among these some about saint Andrewes were famous One had bene the Palace of the Kings of Picts and at the comming of saint Regulus thither with the Reliks of saint Andrew the Apostle Heirgustus their King conuerted it to a Church or Monastery Heirgustus Regium Palatium amplis structuris vti ea patiebatur aetas ornataÌ„ diuo Andreae Regulo ac Sacerdotibus ibidem deinceps optimo Maximo Deo famulaturis liberè erogauit An other Monastery was that which the same King founded neare to the same place Struxit haud procul à palatio sacram aedem diuo Apostolo dicatam And furnished them both with pretious Ornaments and holy Vessels of gold and syluer Ornauit id templum donarijs amplissimis Pateris Cyphis Calicibus Peluibus Lauacris ex argeÌ„to auroque ac alia pretiosa supellectili in sacrorum vsum quaesita Sacerdotibus ad diuina perpetuò exequenda ibidem constitutis A third Monastery was founded there or very neare the same place either in this Age or the beginning of the next by our renowned Brittish Abbot saint Manuscr Antiq. in vit S. Cadoci Capgr in eod Cadocus after Bishop and Martyr who going one Pilgrimage to the Reliks of saint Andrew in Scotland stayed preaching there 7. yeares and founded a Monastery I haue spoken of saint Gudwal and his 180. Monks before who founded diuers Monasteries heare in this Age. THE XXIX CHAPTER OF CERTAINE HERETICKS AND HERESIES the Trimothian and Pelagian Britaine in this time 1. BVT as Britaine had many glorious Saints and Martyrs in this Age so it wanted not some Heretiks to disturbe the peace and quietnes of Christs Church both in this and other Nations Timotheus the name giuen to the Timotheani Heretiks was as Sigebert with others writeth of this kingdome held that the Diuine Nature in Christ was changed into his Human Nature and by a shew of Continency and Religion deluded many In Britannia Timotheus quidam Continentiae Religionis imagine multis illudeÌ„s eos in errorem suae Haeresis induxit dicens Christum verum quidem Deum verum hominem de Virgine Maria natum fuisse sed mentiens dicendo quod Diuina Natura conuersa sit in HumanaÌ„ Naturam The Collectors of our auncient Writers affirme that our Country man Leporius Agricola did write a
heare the Ghospell and beleeue as himselfe alleadgeth And his owne words are these by Protestants translation God made choyse amonge vs that the Gentiles by my mouth should heare Io. Bal. l. 1. de vit Pontif. Rom. in Petr. ex Mant. l. 6. de fast Philip. Pantal. chron an 38. Petr. epist 1. cap. 1. v. 1. Iacob ep c. 1. v. 1. the word of the ghospell and beleeue Therefore S. Peter and not S. Iames was the first preacher to the Gentiles And our best learned Protestants doe proue that S. Peter did not preach formally to any nation of the Gentiles nor to the Gentiles in Bythinia Capadocia Pontus Gallatia or any other place vntill after this but to the Iewes onely dwelling there Quotquot erant illis Iudaea ab origine regnis Edocuit Christum veterique reduxit ab vsu Which both S. Peter himselfe and S. Iames testifie in the beginning of their Epistles And were it not for the authoritie of those which write that S. Peter did coÌ„secrate those seuen Disciples of S. Iames making them Bishops and sending them into Hiberia Spaine we might thinke the Hiberia where Sainct Iames preached was the Hiberia in or neare Armenia a place farre more neare and likely for him to preach in then this west Contry of Spaine is For there also is a Nation then named Hiberia or Iberia and the people thereof Cooper v. Iber. Abrah Orteâ—ius in Catal. nomin antiq in Iberia in descript Asiae Iberi or Hebres as the Spaniards also were called as both Protestants and others testifie the Georgians now are dwelling there being a Contry of Asia neare Pontus Euxinus 6. And to giue all contentmeÌ„t that may be in this matter it doth not seeme altogether vnprobable especially the auÌ„cient Scots now called Irish inhabiting of Irelande and the Scots of Scotland being aunciently one and the same people with the old inhabitants of some of the maritane parts of Spaine now Portugall as both Scottish Irish and English historians also informe vs That S. Iames the Apostle preaching in Spaine neare vnto or among the Hector Boeth Holinsh. hist of Irl. Mat. Westm aetat 5. c. 5. people of Spayne from whom diuers of our Scots and Irish are come some fame of his preaching though short and miracles there might come from them to the Scots their Contrimen mixed with our Britaines here and by that heauenly doctrine which seemed vnto them litle or nothing to differ from that which had longe before more darkely beene taught among them before the coming of Christ and hearing that S. Iames was returned vnto Iury and Hierusalem againe and the cheifest Apostles Doctours and Teachers of that holy Religion were there But diuers both Scots and Britans which then dwelled together and as before were of one and the same minde in spirituall things vndertooke that pilgrimage and sacred Iorney and there meeting with S. Peter the cheifest of that blessed company and first preacher Hect. Boeth in descr Scot. Reg. fol. 4. 5. Hieron l. 2. contr Iouin Abrah Oâ—tel in Cosmog Bâ—libaldâ—n Coâ—mog Munst in Cos Cooper v. Scotia Calepin v. Scot. Aâ—â—stâ—â— lib. de mund Thâ—odor Hâ—st â—ccâ—esâ—â—â—t Claud. Pâ—oâ—om Geogâ—â—p l. 2. c. 2. Claud. Panyger to the Gentiles were instructed by him in the faith of Christ And this S. Mansuetus being stiled both by Antiquities and later writers before to haue beene natione Scotus sufficiently conuinceth he was either a Britan or Scot of this Iland of Britaine for although all those three people before remembred were sometimes named Scoit as Hector Boethius and diuers others doe witnesse yet to haue beene constantly and ahsolutely named Scots was and is peculiar to those of this Iland Scoticum nomen ob eminentem prae caeteris virtutâ—m solum nobis etiam nunc superest quum in Hispania in Hibernia vetusiate interierit And it was so aunciently decayed both amoÌ„g those inhabitants of Spaine and Ireland that euen in the time of the Apostles and before it was almost proper to them of this Iland 7. That which we call now Ireland was in the time of Aristotle or the auncient Authour of the booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the world among his workes called Iâ—rna So doth Theodoret name it Claudius Ptolomaeus calleth it Iuernia or Hibernia And Claudianus Hyberne Scotorum Tumulos fleuit glaciali Hiberne so that we see the name Scotia Scotland appropriate to our northren part of Britaine and this whole Iland by some was named Scotia For Commentar in Claud. Ptolom as Pirckeinerus or whosoeuer the Commentor vpon Claudius Ptolomaeus was all this Iland hath beene called by some Scotia Scotland Anglia nunc dicitur vulgo England prius Loegria Deinde Scotia vulgo Scothland Albania prius Caledonia Rufo Britannia secunda And among all historians Latine French Spannish Scottish English or what els The northren part of Britaine is absolutely called Scotland and so hath euer beene since the name Albania or Britannia ceased there And if Ireland hath bene at any time named Scotia Scotland it was onely among the Scottish or Irish writers and such as followed them therein those Irish historians willing to giue that denomination vnto it because many of the Scots with other people dwelled there when the true name and among straungers was not so but as I haue declared before from auncient histories and to speake in a Protestants words therein Authour of the Booke of Estates in Ireland Edw. Grymst estate of the King of great Britaine p. 22. following good authorities thus he discribeth it Ireland which some of the auncients called Hibernia others Iuernia Iuuernia and Ierne and Ogigia and by the Irish themselues Erim called by Ptolomee litle Britaine lyes betweene Britaine and Spaine Where we see the name Scoland is neuer attributed simply vnto it by these Authours Iudgments either by the Irish themselues or other writers late or auncient And as all men know The sentence of Hector Boetius is that the name of Scots and Scotland hath beene of late proper to them of this our Britaine and quite ceased and discontinued both in Spaine and Ireland Arnoldus Mirman Theatr. conuers gent. Gulielm Eiseng Centen 1. part 1. distinct 3. fol. 56. Petr. de natalib l. 11. cap. vit Ant. Monchiacen Demochar l. 2. de Miss contra Caluin cap. 33. Franc. Bellâ—for Cosmograph l. 2. col 2. col 263. Catalog Episc Tullers and yet they which terme S. Mansuetus natione Scotus a Scot by nation are late writers as Arnoldus Mirmannius Gulielmus Eisengrenius Antonius Democharez Francâ—s Belleforest and others speaking after the vulgar manner of nameing Scot and Scotland in their time of which onely they speake not entering into any controuersie what people haue beene called Scots but are such as call no other Scots or Scotland then of our Britaine 8. So that the truth which is affirmed in this matter is onely this that S. Mansuetus disciple of S. Peter the Apostle and
by him ordained the first Bishop of Tullum Toul in Lorraine was by nation borne in that part of Britaine which now and euer of late for many yeares is and hath beene called Scotland But whether he was a Britaine or a Scot those Authorities doe not determine But it will more fully appeare hereafter that he was by birth a Britian that part of this Iland at that time being part of Britaine and longe after which among others Martial the Poet maketh manifest for that time for speaking of the inhabitants of that part of this kingdome which now is called S. Mansuetus disciple of S. Peter the Apostle was a Britain Scotland To Quintus Ouidius that was to trauaile thither from Rome he calleth them Britans of Caledonia Quinte Caledonios Ouidi visure Britannos The contry now called Scotland was part of Britainâ— in this time and longe after And it should seeme by Martial that this Quintus Ouidius himselfe was a Britain of this nation and perhaps of the kindred or retinue of lady Claudia for he doth not onely speake of his longe Iorney from Rome to our North part of Britaine as before now Scotland but in the same place setteth downe that he was to returne againe into Italy from hence and make his abode at Martial l. 10. epigram 44. ad Quintum Ouidium Martial supr epigr. 44. Sabinam where the howse of our Contry woman lady Claudia and her Husband Pudens was Sed reddarâ— tuis tandem mansure Sabinis But this hereafter when I come to that time But this sufficiently conuinceth both that the northreÌ„ inhabitants of this kingdome in those dayes were called Britans and that there was entercourse betweene Rome Romans and them especially when we see an old man fitter to sit by the fire then to take so longe a iorney as the Poet there describeth him not onely to goe to the remotest places of this kingdome from Rome but to make his returne into Italy againe And here I end the dayes of Tiberius leauing Cunobeline still King in Britaine or Guiderius newly begun his Reigne THE VII CHAPTER OF THE TIME OF CAIVS CALIGVLA Emperour and some Christian Britans of this nation probably both at Rome and in Britaine in his daies 1. AFTER the death of Tiberius Caius Caligula succeeded in the Empire but reigned so short a time as I haue before remembred Caius Caligula Emperour a frend and fauourer of Christians neither doe we reade that among his other vices which were many and greate that he was a persecutour of Christians for those outrages which he committed against the Iewes which among others our owne historians doe report were rather in reuenge against the Iewes for the death of Christ and their persecuting of Christians then for any hatred to Christian Religion And it was a iust punishment of God towards that incredulous people their holy temple that had beene so longe renowned for the true worship and sacrifice of God to see it now polluted Matthew West an 40. Theat of Britaine in Caius Caligula with the Idolatrous sacrifices of the Gentiles the Idol of Iupiter and the Emperour himselfe a vile and wicked man to be worshipped and adored there as the Lord of heauen and earth Caesar templum quod erat Hierosolymis iussit prophanari sacrificijs Gentilium Iouis statuam ibi collocat seque vt Dominum coeli terrae coli adorari praecepit When otherwise concerning Christians he still permitted Matth. Westm 38. 39. Niceph. Histor Eccl. l. 2. cap. 10. Arnold Miâ—m in Theat Conuers gent. the fauourable Edict of Tiberius to remaine in force He bannished Pilate by whome Christ was crucified He depriued Herode of his kingdome and together with Herodiades his brothers wife which he kept the occasion of the martyrdome of S. Ihon the Baptist he driue into bannishment and these and such fauours and Iustice he extended vnto the Christians who together with their frends had complained to L. Vitellius President of Syria which he related the Christians proueing it to Caligula And though this man made a shew of warre against the Brittans yet it was not for any matter concerning Stow and howe 's hist in Gindeâ—ius Holinsh. hist of Engl. l. â— Galfrid monum lib. 4. hist cap. 13. Pontic Virun li. 4. Britan. hist Stab Geograph Christian Religion 2. And we are assured both by the British history Ponticus Virunnius diuers Protestant writers that not onely Adaminus sonne of King Kimbeline with his retinue liued with the Emperour Caligula but there were then many Britanni obsides Romae Britans kept for pledges or hostages then at Rome And this Emperour did nothing in matters of hostility against the Britans but only made a shew of warre and returned with contempt And the Brittish Kings at that time whether Kymbeline Guiderius or Aruiragus were frendly S. Mansuetus Britan made Bishop by S. Peter the Apostle vnto Christians In the time of this Emperour we reade that S. Peter the Apostle consecrated our holy contry man S. Mansuetus which he had Christened before in the time of Tyberius a Bishop and sent him to Tullum in Lorraine Tullenses habuere Apostolum suaeque in Christum fidei primum Antistitem Arnoldus Mirmannius in theatro conuersionis gentium §. Metensibus Eisengr cent 1. distict 3. part 1. Anton. Democh lib. 2. de Missa â—ontra Calo cap. 33. Petr. de natalib l. 11. c. vlt. Franc. Bellefor Cosmog l. 2. S. Mansuetum S. Petri Apostoli discipulum S. Clementis collegam origine Scotum The Tullensians or inhabitants of Tullum in Lorraine had for their Apostle and their first Bishop of their faith in Christ S. Mansuetus a Scot by natiuity the disciple of S. Peter the Apostle and câ—mpanion of S. Clement This is testified also by many others as Gulielmus Eisengrenius Antonius Democharez Petrus de natalibus with others saying S. Mansuetus natione Scotus ex nobili prognatus familia Simonis Bar-ionae Apostolorum Coryphaei discipulus socius beati Clementis Episcopi Metensis à Petro Loucorum in vrbe Tullensi primus Antistes consecratus est Mansuetus by nation a Scot so they terme our northren Britans borne of a noble family the disciple of Simon Bar-ionas the cheife of the Apostles fellow of S. Clement the Bishop of Metz was consecrated by S. Peter the first Bishop in the citie of Tullum 3. Hitherto these Authours onely this difference I finde betweene them Arnold Mirm. in Theatr. Conuer gent. in S. Clem. Metensi Episc that Arnoldus Mirmannius saith S. Clement whose companion S. Mansuetus was was Bishop of Metz by S. Peters appointement in the 40. yeare of Christ Caio Caligula Imperatore when Caius Caligula was Emperour And Eisengrenius saith S. Mansuetus was made Bishop of Tullum in the yeare 49. eight or neyne yeares after Which may easily be reconciled together by saying S. Mansuetus was sent by S. Peter in the yeare of Christ 40. and tooke
of Christians in this kingdome but quite otherwise fauour and frendship of all in authority to that religion and not this onely but as I haue proued before a generall inclination and disposition in the whole Iland to be instructed in and receaue the faith of Christ And so whether we will say that this holy Bishop of Britaine went from hence to S. Peter in the Easterne Contries or S. Peter was then here in these partes when he consecrated him Bishop or Preist no man can be so vnaduised to thinke that he was the onely Bishop Preist and Christian also of this Nation then This cannot enter in any reasonable iudgment If we say that S. Mansuetus went out of this Nation to S. Peter in the Easterne Contries which Protestants will rather agree vnto this maketh as much for the honour of that Apostle and the loue and reuerence of our first Christians vnto him to drawe them by such forcible bands thereof to vndertake so long dauÌ„gerous a iorney to be instructed by that holy Apostle And this holy Bishop being Associate to S. Clement a Romane borne and so returning by Rome from those Easterne Contries being their direct way to Metz Tullum and those places where they preached but at their passing by Rome S. Mansuetus visited those Britans of this Nation which then were hostages and pledges there whereof some at that time in true iudgment The Brittish parents of ladye Claudia and others of their familie became Christians about this time must needs be thought to be Christians as namely the parents of Ladie Claudia which both were Britans And that they were then Christians before the begining of Claudius his Empire or S. Peters coming to Rome in the beginning thereof the Romans themselues shall witnesse for they tell vs that the house of Pudens husband of our contry woman S. Claudia was the first lodging of S. Peter in Rome and there first the Christians assembled Baron in annot in diem 19. Maij Martyrol Rom. Author of 3. ConH Godwyn Conuers of Britaine pag. 17. Godwyn supr pag. 17. 2. Tymoth 4. Godwyn supr Martyrolog Rom. die 19. Maij. Martial Epigram Bal. centur 1. De scriptur in Claudia to serue God Maiorum firma traditione praescriptum est domum Pudentis Romae fuisse primum hospitium S. Petri Principis Apostolorum illucque primum Christianos conuenisse ad Synaxim coactam Ecclesiam vetussimumque omnium titulum Pudentis nomine appellatum And yet certaine it is that this S. Pudens was either but a very yong child or not yet borne when S. Peter came to Rome and so yong that our Protestants by their Bishop and Antiquary saith of him and Claudia Pudens and Claudia were two yong Persons when S. Paul remembred them in his second epistle to S. Timothie which they say was in the last yeare of Nero or without doubt not longe before 24. or 25. yeares after S. Peters coming to Rome in the beginning of Claudius his time by all accompts And these ProtestaÌ„ts further say thy were so youÌ„g that they were not in their iudgmeÌ„ts married vntill the later end of Traians time or about the beginning of Domitian And the auncient Roman Martirologe it selfe is witnesse that when S. Peter came to Rome S. PudeÌ„s was not a Christian but baptized by him S. Pudens S. PudeÌ„tianae pater qui ab Apostolis Christo in Baptismo vestitus Therefore it was not S. PudeÌ„s then not borne or a youÌ„g child not Christened but after that did or could giue the first entertainement in his house to S. Peter or make Christian Britans in Rome the first entertayners of S. Peter the Apostle there and their hâ—usâ— the fiâ—st Churâ—h or Oratory foâ— Câ—â—istians tâ—â—re his house a Church for Christians Besides euident it is that this S. Pudens was borne in Vmbria in Italy farre froÌ„ Rome his dwelling house was there at SabinuÌ„ of which S. Claudia his wife tooke an other name vnto her as more hereafter Therefore I must entreate the Romans to giue me leaue to thinke that this house which was the primuÌ„ hospitiuÌ„ the first lodging â—f S. Peter in Rome was the house of the holy Christian parents of our renowned contry woman S. Claudia and they then Christians and some of the Hostages of Britaine at Rome when S. Peter came thither first and were so charitable to the Saints Thes probably conuerted by their â—â—ntryman S. Mansueâ—us râ—turningâ— by Rome fâ—om S. â—â—ter â—n 〈…〉 contryâ—â— of God that they gaue entertainement to that holy Apostle before any of the Romans and made their house the house of God and seruing him 6. Not vnprobable it is that these holy Brâ—tans then in Rome which so first receiued S. Peter there were first conuerted by their holy contryman S. MaÌ„suetus disciple of S. Peter as he returned froÌ„ that greate Apostle at Antioch or there abouts with S. Clement by Rome into these parts whether S. Peter sent theÌ„ Bishops And by this happy meanes of that holy Apostle S. Peter his disciples our ChristiaÌ„ coÌ„triman at Rome much spirituall good redounded after to this Kingdome as I shall make more manifest in the time of Claudius other succeeding Emperours Neither caÌ„ we thinke but very many here in Britaine were also then coÌ„uerted by the meanes of S. MaÌ„suetus or some other of his holy coÌ„panions both in his iorney to Antioch to S. Peter in his returne into these CoÌ„tryes againe to preach the ghospell especially in the more Northren part of Britaine of which NatioÌ„ he is supposed to be named Scotus a Scot as all the Britaine 's of the North part beyoÌ„d the wall or TreÌ„ch of the Emperours Adrian and Seuerus were named because they were so mixed with the Diuers of the Northren Bâ—itans conuerted about this tymâ— and by diuers authors before those â—f the Soutern parts Scots that in time the Scots were the greater straÌ„ger natioÌ„ in that part And of this time and in this sence it is most properly true for any thing which wee reade particularly in histories which the Magdeburgian Protestants with diuers also of this kingdome both Catholiks Protestants was froÌ„ Petrus Cluniacensis and I may add Tertullian that the people of Britaine in the North where the Scots now be were the first Christians Scotos Christianos antiquiores Petrus Cluniacensis vocat ac referatur huc quoque Tertulliani testimonium qui Magdeburgen centur 2. cap. 2. col 6. Theater of greate Britanie l. 6. Tertullian l. aduers Iudaeos Theater of great Britanie l. 6. c. 9. §. 9. inquit Britannorum inaccessa Romanis loca Christo fuerunt subdita Petrus Cluniacensis calleth the Scots the more auncient Christians And hitherto we may referre the testimony of Tertullian who saith the places of the Britans which were vnaccessable to the Romans were subiect to Christ And he addeth of the Britans nomen Christi regnat the name of Christ
was the same Registerer of this heauenly vision set downe by him in S. Edwards life for speaking of the memorable works writings of this renowned Saint he saith composuit inter caetera Bal. sup centur 2. in Alred Rieual vitam Edwardi Anglorum Regis among other things he wrote the life of King Edward of England conteining aboue 28. chapters which was presented to King Henry the second So that there cannot be the least exception taken eyther to the Authour so learned worthie a Saint neither to the keeping or preseruation of that worke being presented to the King of England that then reigned and preserued in the Librarie of our kings from whence other copies Exemplars were taken Therefore now to make all sure let vs come to that learned holy man to whome this reuelation was made and to the subsequent effects which demonstratiuely proue it to haue bene a most certaine and vndoubted diuine testimonie and vision Continuator histor S. Bedae in S. Edwardo l. 2. Guliel Malmesbur de gest Reg. Angliae l. 2. Alred Rieual in vit S. Edward Reg. Capgrau Catal. in eod M. S. Antiq de Sanct. in S. Edward Confess Harpesfeld sec-11 c. 3. Godwyn Catalog in wynchester 31. in Brithwold in Salisbury or Wilton 8. in Brithwold Protest Index in Guliel Malmes in Brithwold 10. Herold epist dedic ante Marian. Sâ—â—t Godwyn in Cat. in Winchester in Brithwold â—1 Godwyn supr Balaeus de Script Brit. cent 2. in Gulielmo Malm. 12. All Authors that write of this matter agree whether Catholiks or Protestants that it was S. Brithwold an holy Bishop of England a most deuoute religious and miraculous man to whome this vision and Relation was made Onely there is some question whether it was S. Brithwold Bishop of winchester wintoniensis or sainct Brithwold Bishop of wilton or Salisbury wiltonensis the likenes of names Wilton Winton perhaps causing that doubt But because they were both so holy and renowned men that they haue gotten their worthie praise and commendation with all writers euen Protestants themselues and sainct Alredus liued in both their times to receaue the certaintie and vndoubted truth of these things from them or eyther of them It is not the difference of Vuintonensis or vuiltonensis can make any materiall difference in this point all vniformerly agreeing it was S. Brithwold an holy English Bishop and sainct of that time who had this Illumination and apparition from heauen A Protestant Bishop thus speaketh of this holy Bishop It is written of him that one night being late at his prayers he chaunced to thinke of the lowe ebb of the blood royall of England which now was all most quite consumed and brought to nothing In the midest of this cogitation falling a sleepe It seemed vnto him he saw S. Peter crowning younge prince Edward that liued in exile at tâ—at time in Normandie and furthermore to shew how he should reigne foure and twenty yeares and die at last without Issue And he citeth William of Malmesbury in his second booke of the kings of England for Author who because he is cited and approued by this Protestant Bishop and by an other most highly recommended in these words suo seculo in omni genere bonarum literarum plane eruditissimus in erueÌ„dis antiquitatibus ingenio diligentia curaque singularis Anglicae nationiâ— studio sissimus illustrator absolutely the most learned in his age in all kind of Learning and in searching out Antiquities singular for witt diligence and care the most studious ennabler of the English Nation I will cite him also thus he writeth entreating of the happy times of this Nation vnder that our holy king sainct Edward the confessor viderat quondaÌ„ sommij Gulielm Malm. l. 2. de gest Reg. Anglorum c. 13. reuelatione seculi illius faelicitatem Brithwoldus Vuiltunensis alias Vuintoniensis Episcopus viderat annuntiauerat Nam dum tempore Cnutonis caelestibus apud Glastoniam lucubraret excubijs subijssetque illum cogitatio quae frequenter angebat de regia stirpe pene deleta haec meditanti sopor irrepsit ecce in superna raptus videt ApostoloruÌ„ principem Petrum ipsism Edwardum qui tuÌ„c in Normannia exulabat in Regem consecrare caelibe designata vita certo viginti quatuor annoruÌ„ numero râ—gni computato Brithwold Bishop of wilton or winton had some time by reuelation of a dreame seene the felicitie of that age and declared it For when in the time of King Knut he was in the night attending to heauenly watchings and had à cogition which often trobled him of the regall race all most blotted out while he meditated these things sleep fell vppon him and behold beeing rapt on high he saw the prince of the Apostles Peter to coÌ„secrate for King Edward himself who then was bannished in Normandy designeing vnto him the chaste life and accompting the yeares of his reigne twenty and foure This same history the same commended Author more plainely remembreth in another place as also the CoÌ„tinuator of the history of sainct Bede in these terms Brithwoldus ex monacho Glastoniensis qui multis annis Gulielm Malm. de gest Pontif. Angl. l. 2. Continuator hist S. Bedae l. 2. in S. Edwardo a tempore Regis Ethelredi vsque ad Edwardum vltimum administrauit Episcopatum Is tempore Regis Cnutonis quadam vice caelestibus apud Glastoniam vt saepe faciebat intentus excubijs diuinam visionem expertus est Cum enim subijsset eum cogitatio quae frequenter eum angebat de Anglorum regia stirpe pene deleta hoc mâ—ditanti sopor irrepsit ecce in supernaraptus vidit Apostolorum principem Petrum manu tenentem Edwardum filium Ethelredi qui tunc in Normannia exulabat in Regem consecrare caelebe designata vita certo 24. annoruÌ„ numero coÌ„putato quo regni metam terminaret Brithwold first a monke of Glastenbury and now many yeares from the time of King Ethelred vnto the last Edward hauing bene a Bishop he in the time of King Knut vppon a certaine time as he often did attending to heavenly watches at Glastenbury had à diuine vision For hauinge à cogitation which often troubled him of the race of the Kings almost extinguished while he thus meditated sleepe came vppon him and being in an Extasis he saw Peter prince of the Apostles holding Edward the sonne of Ethelred then an exile in Normandy by the hand and consecrating him King and Assining to him the chast life and accompting a certaine number of 24. yeares in which he should end the time of his Reigne Hitherto this so renowned Antiquarie so much commended by our Protestants and as he is published and allowed by them so manifestly approuing this vision and Reuelation of sainct Peter to sainct Brithwold as is declared and so conuincingly that our Protestant publishers of his workes haue thus noted vppon those places Brithwoldi Episcopi visio
amissam se recuperare posse sine Gallica virtute arbitrarentur The youth of the Gaules at that time was so plentifull that they filled as it were with a swarme all Asia finally neither did the Kings of the East make warre without an army of Gaules neither did Kings driuen froÌ„ their seats fly vnto others for succour then to the Gaules The Terrour of the Gaulish name was so greate and their vnuincible felicitie in armes such that they thought they could not keepe their maiesty in safetie nor recouer it being lost without the Gaulish puissance And our CouÌ„try Historian Matthew of Westminster relating the same Matt. Westm hist aetate 5. Stowe Howes hist in Belin. and BreÌ„nus Galfrid Monum histor Briton l. 3. Pont. Virun hist Brit. l. 3. Hâ—er Gebuin l. de libert Germ. cap. 12. Sebast Munster Cosm lib. 1. History of Brennus Leader of the Gaules being three hundred thowsands affirmeth sua prole totam Asiam repleuâ—runt they filled all Asia with their Issue And so gaue the name of Gallia or Gallatia vnto their posteritie 5. The like haue other English Historians Stowe Howes and the Brittish History with Ponticus Virunnius doe not differ of which this last writeth Exercitus eius adhuc Galatae nominantur his army or the posterity of it are called Galathians to this day Which name Galathians is the same with Gaules as also Galatia and Gallia are Onely with this difference that the Greekes more vsually called both the Gaules of Asia those next to vs in Europe Galathians and Galathia as their first auncient denomination was for as both Hieronymus Gebuinus and Sebastian Munster a Protestant with many others well proue this next Gallia was first called Galatia a Galate Rege of their King of that name and they were the Romans which altered it taking a sillable away and naming it for breuitie Gallia Romani autem dementes vnam syllabam pro Gallatia Galliam appellarunt And the old Greeke writer as Dion Cassius Dion Epitom p. 252. in Caio Calig Dion in Caesare Aug. p. 214. p. 313. in Vitellio Eutrop. l. 9. p. 122. Zosimus l. 4. in Gratiano Theodos Theoret in Epist Pauli in Id. Cresc in Galatia Godw. conu of Britaine p. 2. Eutropius Zosimus and S. Paul himself as both Theoderet and a Protestant English Bishop with others expownde him did call this our next Gallia by the first name Gallatia and these Gaules Galathians So doth Ammianus Mercellinus with others which a Protestant Bishop shall thus confirme Ammianus Mercellinus saith Gallos sermone Graeco Galatas dici solere That in the Greeke languadge the Gaules were vsed to be called Gallathians and thereof we haue a plaine testomony in Theodoret that writing of that place of the Apostle CresceÌ„s into Galatia c. sic Gallias appellauit saith he By which testimonyes it is made inuinciblye euident that S. Isidor Freculphus being Latine Authours followed the phrase of speach of the Romans and Latins and called the Asian Gallatia or Gallia plainely Gallia as the Latins vsually did and that they onely ment that S. Philip the Apostle preached in that Asiaticall Gallia and not in this of Europe neare vnto vs where or neare vnto it he neuer was 6. And yet to giue the greatest credit we may to them that would haue In what sence S. Philip the Apostle may be named the Apostle of the Frenchmen descending from Sicambria where he preached S. Philip to be named also the Apostle of these next Gaules and FraÌ„kes though he was neuer in that Nation whereas it is the common opinion of French and other Antiquaries that they came from Sicambria the Sicambers or Frankes by the Maeotides paludes betweene Scythia of Europe and Asia our Countriman Ingulphus Abbot of Crowland solueth this difficultie vnto vs in this manner Beatus Christi Apostolus Philippus cum Scythis verbum dei praedicasset plurimos eorum ad fidem Christi conuertisset rediens in Asiam per Sicambros viam fecit ac illis Christi nomen primus annunciauit De quibus exeuntes Ingulphus in Hist Croland Franci vt plures eorum Hierochronographi testantur beatum Philippum Apostolum suum specialem Protodoctorem Neopostolum adhuc tenent Philip the blessed Apostle of Christ hauing preached the word of God to the Scythians and conuerted very many of them to the faith of Christ returning into Asia passed by the Sicambers and first preached the name of Christ vnto them From which the Frankes or Frenchmen being descended as many of their holy Chronographers doe witnesse they accompt S. Philip the Apostle for their speciall first doctor and new Apostle So we haue credibly fownde how S. Philip the Apostle might in a lardge manner of speach be called the Apostle of those Frankes or Frenchmen which came from Sicambria but not of the auncient Gaules of this Gallia which came not from thence S. Philip the Apostle could not diâ—ectly send S. Ioseph hither from Sâ—â—aÌ„bria or any other place 7. Neither could S. Philip send S. Ioseph from Sicambria directly into this our Britaine for the time when he preached in Sicambria was by this authoritie long before his death and yet he was as I haue allready proued Martyred many yeares before S. Ioseph came into Britaine yet doe I not deny but S. Ioseph might be some time with S. Philip the Apostle when he was among the Gaules of Asia and other Nations there and that when he Hector Boeth hist Scot lib. 4. Holinsh. Hist of Scotl. Stow. Hist in Marius Galfrid Monu Hist Reg. Brit. l. 4. c. 17. Pont. Virun Hist Brit. lib. 4. Matth. Westm anno 75. came hither he came though long after S. Philips death from parts not farre remote from thence For we reade in our Scottish and other Histories that about this time greate numbers of those Countries arriued and setled in our Ilands and Northren parts among whome Hector Boethius speaking of this time of S. Iosephs landing heare saith sub id tempus populus quidam Morauiae vt nostris Annalibus est prodituÌ„ Romanis armis profligati suisque pulsi sedibus dispalatim ad Rheni Ostia deuenere Vndâ— conglobati nauibus vtcunque comparatis nouas sedes quaerendi gratia per vastos incognitosque maris tractus errauere prohibiti tandem Gallicis Britanicis Oris ab â—arum Incolis in Fortheam sunt delati About that time a certaine people of Morauia as our Annales doe testifie being driuen away by the Romans and expelled from their Seats came wandering to the mouth of Rhyne where gathered together and getting shipping as well as they could did roue through the vaste and vnknowne passadges of the Sea and being forbidden landing either on the French or Brittish Coastes by their Inhabitants they came to Forth by Pictland Where we see the time when place from whence this people came and where they landed and other circumstances agree with the Iorney of S. Ioseph
ordaine Preists where the other ordinary Apostles performed it as S. Peter did heare in Britaine And this was also the condition of S. Barnabas S. Paul and Barnabas ordained Preists onely where the other Apostles came not extraordinarily made Apostle as S. Paul was both these as Theophilact and other Fathers witnesse onely ordayning Preists in places where the ordinary Apostles came not or not neare vnto them In Cypro autem non fecerunt Presbyteros neque in Samaria quia haec quidem Hiero solymis Apostolis erat vicina Which S. Paul himselfe doth sufficiently expresse in the first and second Theophilact in cap. 14. Act. Aposâ—â—l Gal. c. 1. 2. Act. Apost cap. 13. 14. c. Chapter of his Epistle to the Galathians where he teacheth his preaching to haue vsually bene where none of the ordinary Apostles preached 7. The like we reade in his trauailes described aswell by S. Luke in the Acts of the Apostles as other Histories And we see that the cheifest of S. Pauls Disciples which are said to haue bene in these parts neare vnto vs as S. Luke in France as S. Epiphanius witnesseth S. Trophimus left by him at Arles there by the common opinion S. Titus as the Catalogue of the Bishops of Mentz affirmeth and S. Crescens at Vienna yet all these still followed S. Paul and stayed not there in his time and by his direction For S. Luke was with him at Rome a litle before his death as he himselfe is witnesse onely Luke is 2. Tim. 4. v. 11. with me S. Trophimus was then at Miletum sick S. Crescens was gone from him at Rome in that imprisonment and S. Titus is departed into Dalmatia 2. Timot. cap. 4. which are thus affirmed by S. Paul in his second Epistle to S. Timothie Of which his vse and custome he himselfe maketh also this reason So haue I Rom. c. 15. vers 20. Harris Manuscr hist l. 1. c. 13. Pert. de Natalib l. 1. c. 24. stryued to preach the Ghospell not where Christ was named least I should build vpon an other mans foundation I haue spoken before of him who writeth we finde in Petrus de Natalibus of one Lucius a Britaine conuerted in Britany by S. Paul and baptized by Timotheus his Scholler who followed him in that Peregination for thus he saith Lucius beatus Confesser fuit Rex Britanniae baptizatus a Timotheo Discipulo S. Pauli This Lucius was not that man whome Eleutherius conuerted to the faith in the yeare of our lord 184. But some other noble Britaine conuerted by S. Paule in his Peregrination whome Petrus nameth a King belike more in respect of his nobilitie then for any kingdome he did possese Wherein this Authour must needs be mistaken first because I haue proued before that S. Timothie which he meaneth S. Paules Disciple and Bishop of Ephesus was neuer in or neare Britaine to baptize either a King or noble man named Lucius nor any other Secondly his Authour Petrus de Natalibus euen as he is cited by him doth not attribute the conuersion of any such Lucius to S. Paul but onely saith that S. Lucius King of Britaine was baptized by Timotheus Disciple to S. Paul Lucius S. Thimothie Bishop of Ephesus was not in Britaine beatus Confessor fuit Rex Britanniae baptizatus à Timotheo Discipulo S. Pauli Neuer saying that this S. Timothie which baptized him was heare with S. Paul or that this was at the time of S. Pauls being heare much lesse that S. Paul conuerted this King Lucius And this Lucius was the same that was conuerted in the time of Pope Eleutherius and one S. Timothie sonne of sainct Claudia our noble Country woman was one of the happy instruments of his Baptizing and the conuersion of this Nation at that time as I will proue when I come to that History in the next Age and likely called Disciple of S Paul because being a child probable it is he was baptised and instructed by him in the faith of Christ And it is as vnprobable that S. Timothie Bishop of Ephesus should be heare with him as any that then was or had bene his Disciple both for the reasons formely remembred as that S. Paul prensently after his being heare and returne to Rome from prison there doth write to him being then at Ephesus so farre more remote from hence and that Epistle 2. Tim. c. 1. 2. 3. 4. directly proueth that this S. Tymothie was there in that very time which What Disciples of S. Paul were probably in Britaine with him can onely be allowed to S. Paul for his being heare But of all the Disciples of S. Paule or his companions most probable it is that first S. Luke the Euangelist was heare with him first because S. Paul saith of him by Protestant Translation who was the chosen of the Churches to trauaile with vs. Secondly because 2. Cor. 8. v. 19. he is before said to haue come into these parts and lastely because S. Paul at his returne from hence testifieth that S. Luke was the onely Disciple or companion coâ—tinued still with him onely Luke is with me The like I affirme of 2. Tim. 4. v. 11. Demas who as he writeth forsooke him after that time and the same I suppose of S. Crescens which after this went from him into Galatia and Titus vnto Dalmatia and Tyticus whome he sent to Ephesus 2. Tim. 10. 12. THE XXXII CHAPTER OF OVR HOLY CHRISTIAN BRITANS IN Rome at this time and cheifely of Lady Claudia and her holy family 1. HAVING thus attended S. Paul in his holy trauailes and probably brought him in those his long Iorneys into this kingdome and from hence to Rome to the place and neare the time of his triumphant Martyrdome before I performe that dutie to S. Peter I will say some what of our Brittish Christians then at Rome And the rather because S. Paul in his second Epistle to S. Tymothie written from his Prison in Rome at this time making an honorable memory of some of them putteth me in minde to make mention of them in this as their fittest place I haue spoken before of our noble Britans the Christian parents of S. Claudia and of her the holy childe of those Religeous Christians Now Iam to entreate of her as an happy naturall Mother of diuers holy Christian children which she brought into this world and as a supernaturall Mother vnto many of this her Nation being in her degree and order an happy occasion and meanes of their birth in Christ But a late English Catholike writer litle to the honour of this NatioÌ„ hath questioned whether our noble Countriwoman Author of 3. Conuers of Brit. part 2. p. 17. Claudia was the same whome S. Paul recounteth among the renowned Christians at Rome or no and seemeth to deny it rather leauing this Brittish Lady by his opinion in Paganish Infidelitie then to be a Christian and a Protestant Bishop
a stranger to the Romans whose Annals would not haue left any woman of their Nation though of meaner merit and glory then she was in so greate darknes of obliuion Further when we finde such a penurye of the names Pudens and Claudia in the Roman and other Histories that there is allmost no mention of them And yet we see them both remembred and ioyned together in one line and to be in one Citie of Rome and by all probable Iudgment in one house and as husband and wife by the holy Apostles writing of them as he is commonly interpreted And a Pagan writer also of that time who well knew both Pudens and Claudia and their children plainely affirmeth with many later Authours that this Claudia lyuing in Rome in the same house with Pudens and his vndoubted wife was borne of Brittish Parents which cannot be verified of any other Claudia we must needs therefore be of opinion that this our Brittish Claudia was as bewtifull in spirituall fayrenes and Religion for S. Pauls testimony thereof as in corporall bewty by th◠Poets writing 5. Wherevpon it is the constant receaued and not to be questioned opinion among writers Catholiks and Protestants Christians and Pagans English French and others that the holy Christian Claudia so dignified by S. Paul was the same Brittish Lady Claudia whome Martial so commendeth borne of Brittish Parents Claudia caeruleis cum sit Rufina Britannis Edita Elle estoit Bretonne de Nation she was a Britan by Nation And by the happie occasion of this so renowned and noble Christian of this Nation continually then residing at Rome and so perfectly instructed in the faith of Christ and acquainted with the holy Apostles many spirituall blessings were in that time bestowed vpon many our Britans both at Rome and heare in Britaine of this both Catholiks and Protestants agree allthough there is diffence in the order and manner thereof The first Protestant Arch-Bishop thus writeth of this holy Brittish Lady hanc iam ad Christum conuersam non minus est verisimile Christiana dogmata ad Britannos misisse suos quam ante Matth. Parker Antiquit. Brit. p. 3. acceptam fidem Epigrammata Martialis Nec verisimile solum sed verum iudicandum est in tam nobili familia fuisse cum Claudia gentiles suos Britannos qui vna baptizati fuerunt à quibus Euangelij Ignicula per totam gentem Britannam dispersa viritim ad multos peruenerunt After Claudia was conuerted to the faith of Christ it is as likely that she sent Christian doctrine to her Countrimen the Britans as before she receaued the faith she sent the Epigrams of Martial Neyther is it onely likely but to be adiudged true that in so noble a familie there were with Claudia diuers Britās of her Country which were baptized with her from whome the sparkes of the Ghospell being dispersed through all the Brittish Nation came from one to an other to many The Protestant Bishops with other their Antiquaries in their greate Theater of greate Britaine thus write of her This Claudia with S. Pauls spirituall Theat of great Brit. l. 6. c. 9. Manna is said to send the choysest and chastest of the Posies of Martiall whose verses generally are no lessons befitting Ladies for new yeares guifts vnto her friends in Britaine both for to feede their soules with the bread of life and to instruct their mindes with lessons best fitting vnto ciuill behauiour Which thing moued the Poet himselfe with no small selfe glory in his verse thus to write Dicitur nostros cantare Britannia versus And they note in their Margine these wordes Claudia senas both S. Pauls and Martials writings into Britaine Which is allowed by other Protestants also among whome one a cheife Antiquarie thus boldly speaketh of this Lady Harrison description of Britaine in Claudia Io. Bal. l. de script Brit. cent 1. in Claudia Rufina Martial speaketh reioycing that his Posies were reade also in Britaine and onely by her meanes who vsed to cull out the finest and honest of his Epigrams and send them to her friends for tokens saying after this manner Dicitur nostros cantare Britannia versus Britaine is said to sing our verses Like is the testimonie of other Protestants to whome in that they affirme much spirituall good to haue growne to this Nation of Britaine by the beleeuing Britans and others which liued in or resorted vnto the house of S. Claudia in Rome I willingly consent vnto them and haue allready proued no lesse and will speake more of the same hereafter 6. But where these men so constantly auouch this holy Lady was a translater Lady Claudia neither sent S. Pauls Epistles nor Martial his Poems into Britaine of S. Pauls Epistles and sent them hither for the Instruction of others and also sent into this Nation the Epigrams of Martial prouing the first onely by some likelyhood because they assuer themselues by the verse of Martial recited that Britaine was reported to singe his verses as the last is vntrue and not affirmed by Martiall or any other except these Protestants and a foule forgery to blemish the bewty of that holy Lady so the other hauing no warrant or Authoritie but their falsely imagined congruence from that must needs be as vnprobable And first where these men say that the Poet sayth his verses were sung in Britaine by the meanes of this holy and vertuous Lady Martial hath no such thing but rather the contrary for except she a woman of so greate chastitie modestie and pietie by all testimonies could so farre forgete her shamefaste sexe and temperate carriadge and exceede the boldnes of men euen her owne Father and Husband she was so farre from being an approuer and recommender of Martiall his Poems vnto others in Britaine that by the Poets owne testimonie she vtterly condemned them for their vntollerable wantones and scurrilitie for so did both her Father Father in lawe to Pudens her Husband and her owne Husband also as the same Poet himselfe hath before plainely confessed saying of the Husband of Claudia to whome he presented diuers Poems that he compelled him to correct and amend his books Cogis me calamo manuque nostra Emendare meos Pudens libellos Martial l. 7. Epigram 11. ad Pudentem And S. Claudia her Father was much more auerted from the Poems of Martiall then Pudens his sonne in Lawe was by that Poets owne confession for euen those Poems which he sent to Pudens would haue so much bene disliked by Claudia her Father that he entreated S. Pudens not to communicate them vnto him because he knew well he condemned their leuitie Commendare meas Instanti Rufe camaenas Parce precor socero seria forsan amat Martial l. 7. Epigram 57. ad Rufin And a simple suggestion it is to write she culled out the finest and honestest of his Epigrams and sent them hither for this she could not doe without reading
addeth all these workes Eugeny confirmed Then if Pope Eugenius or Harding Chron. f. 43. c. 51. Higinius confirmed and allowed these affaires and proceedings we must needs yeeld they were in a greate forwardnes in this his time No man can reasonably say that the name Eugeny is mistaken for Eleutherius for there is no proportion betweene those two names for any Authour Scribe or Printer to commit so greate an error especially no man correcting it as an escape in writing and to assure vs heareof the same Authour maketh mention in Hard. supr the same Page both of Eleutherius calling him by our English phrase Eleuthery and Higinius by the same manner of our languadge naming him as before Eugeny which confirmed these things And it is no maruaile or any singular thing but vsuall and the ordinary common course for Popes to giue such order before hand how things shall be setled when there is such hope of happy proceedings and Apostolike men taking the chardge in hand as heare it was at this time if God shall so cooperate with their labours and to proceede otherwise is to worke without warrant and Authoritie So S. Paul writeth to S. Titus that he had left him in Crete to constitute Bishops or Preists in euery Citie yet it would be greate and vnwarranted boldnes to say that S. Titus profited there so much in his time to make and ordaine so many Preists or Epist Pauli ad Tit. cap. 1. Bishops there for we are told by Homer Strabo liuing about S. Pauls time and others that there were an hundred Cities in Crete and there vpon it was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the I le of an hundred Cities in Homers time Poeta aetate sua Cretam Strabo Geograp l. 10. p. 338. Homet Odyff 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est centum vrbibus instructam esse inquit So when S. Peter sent any Apostolike man or men into any Nation he gaue him direction and warrant where to constitute Bishops so did the other Apostles so did the Popes of Rome in this last Age in the Conuersion of America other Countryes and for this our Britaine I haue proued before that S. Anacletus euen by the order of the Apostles gaue direction and made a litle booke setting downe therein where Pirmats and others were to be resident and this when there was lesse hope of our Britans Conuersion then now and no such successe therein 4. Thus it was also in the time of S. Augustine when he was sent hither by S. Gregory to the Saxons He sent him his Archiepispopall Pall to be Archbishop of London yet he seated himselfe after by warrant at Canterbury and gaue him power to send an Archbishop to Yorke if that Country should receaue Greg. Epist ad August Bed Eccles Hist Gent. Angl. l. 1. c. 29. the Christian faith and he would send him an Archiepispopall Pall and that See should haue Bishops vnder it and be a Metropolitan See Ad Eboracum vero ciuitatem te volumus Episcopum mittere quem ipse iudicaueris ordinare ita du ntaxat vt si eadem ciuitas cum finitimis locis verbum Dei receperit ipse quoque duodecim Episcopos ordinet Metropolitani honore perfruatur Quia ei quoque si vita comes fuerit Pallium tribuere Domino fauente disponimus And yet it is certaine that S. Augustine in his time neuer sent Archbishop to Yorke neither did he make aboue two Bishops in his owne Prouince S. Mellitus at London and S. Iustus at Rochester Neither did S. Gregory liue to send a Pall to any Archbishop of Yòrke or see any there Neither euer had that See since the Saxons time twelue or halfe twelue Bishops vnder it Neither did S. Augustine who receaued this warrant for all the Saxons preuaild so farre nor all that came with him or after him from Rome to conuert halfe the English Nation but farre the greater part of them was conuerted by holy Bishops Preists Religious men which were of our auncient Hierarchiall Brittish succession and order heare And allthough I doe not finde it expressely affirmed in any Antiquarie but Harding that S. Higinius now Pope did so particularly giue assistance and direction in this busines of our Britains Conuersion yet many very auncient and renowned Writers giue such testimonie herein that we must needs graunt that to be most true which Harding affirmeth and that after coming Scribes and Copiers of their Histories haue done the Authours wronge by their negligence or ignorance in writing one man for another Eleutherius for Higinius For among others S. Bede as he is extant saith that King Lucius of Britaine did write to the Pope of Rome in the yeare Bed Eccl. Hist l. 1. c. 4. of the Incarnation of our Lord 156. anno ab Incarnatione Domini centesimo quinquagesima sexto that by his order or command he might be a Christian Obsecrans vt per eius mandatum Christianus efficeretur The Manuscript Antiquities of the Church of Landaffe more auncient in probable Iudgment then S. Bede Antiq. M. S. Eccles Landaffen Galfr. Monum Hist Reg. Brit. l. 5. c. 1. Hist Brut. Stowe Hist in Lucius Caius Anti. Cātabr l. 1. p. 107. M. S. ant and written by a Brittan which should not be ignorant in that the greatest busines of his Country giueth the same testimonie of the same yeare anno ab Incarnatione Domini 156. The auncient Authour of the Brittish Historie also a Brittan maketh King Lucius a Christian in and before this yeare 156. in direct termes So testifieth the old Historie called Brutus auncient Records belonging to the Guildehall in London the Antiquities of S. Edwards Lawe◠Goceline in the life of S. Augustine so writeth Nauclerus and diuers auncient Manuscript Antiquities which I haue seene Therefore to saue so many auncient and worthie Authours and their Scribes from a double error both of the time and name of the Pope to whome King Lucius did now write we must needs lay this single taxe vpon such as haue Transcribed their Histories that they did mistake the name of the Pope writing Eleutherius for Higinius And this they were more easily drawne vnto because they found that Pope Eleutherius was a greate Agent in the generall Conuersion of this Nation which was long after this time and their Scribes are more excusable in this point And this by their leaue we must say or els both wander from the proued truth of this Historie and lay a double imputation of mistaking vpon these Authours or their Transcribers For it is euident by all Antiquities that S. Eleutherius was not Pope many yeares after this time which they must contradict if they will maintaine their mistaking And where they say that King Lucius wrote to the Pope of Rome in this yeare they must recall that and say he wrote then to no Pope for Eleutherius was not Pope vntill long after King
gaue diuine honour euen to Mountaynes Hills and Gildas l. de Excid Brit. Riuers And yet besides these had errours and Idolatries common with other Nations Non omittens priscos communesque cum omnibus gentibus errores quibus ante aduentum Christi in carne omne humanum genus obligabatur obstrictum nec enumerans patriae portenta ipsa diabolica pene numero Egiptiaca vincentia quorum nonnulla lineamentis adhuc deformibus intra vel extra deserta maenia solito more rigantia toruis vultibus intuemur neque nominatim inclamitans montes ipsos aut colles aut fluuios olim exitiales nunc verò humanis vsibus vtiles quibus diuinus honor à caeco tunc populo cumulabatur The same haue others both Catholike and Theater of great Brit. l. 6. Protestant Antiquaries after him And the Sacrifices which they offered to these abominable Idols were the most detestable and for such not vnworthily ranked both by their owne Pagan and Christian writers among the most cruell and Barbarous sauages of the world Pro victimis homines immolant administrisque ad ea Sacrificia Druidibus vtuntur Publiceque eiusdem generis Caesar l. 6. Belli Gallici Cicero Oratione pro M. Fonteio habent instituta Sacrificia They offer men for Sacrifices and the Druids be the ministers in such Sacrifices And such Sacrifices be instituted by publike Authoritie among them Thus hath Caesar and others Cicero speaking of these Druids saith His quicquam sanctum ac Religiosum videri potest qui etiamsi quando aliquo metu adducti Deos placandos esse arbitrantur humanis hostijs eorum aras ac templa funestant vt ne Religionem quidem colere possint nisi eam ipsam scelere violarint Quis enim ignorat eos vsque ad hunc diem retinere illam immanem ac Barbaram consuetudinē hominum immolandorum Quamobrē quali fide quali pietate existimatis eos esse qui etiā Deos immortales arbitrentur hominū scelere sanguine facile posse placari Can any thing be accompted holy and Religious with these men who when they are a fraid of any thing and would haue their Gods pacified doe prophaine their Altars and Temples with sacrificed men So that they cannot exercise their Religion except they first violate it with wickednes For who is ignorāt that euen to this day they retayne that sauage and Barbarous custome of sacrificing men Therefore can you thinke those men to haue any Religion or piety who thinke their immortall Gods so he a Pagan nameth their Pagan Gods and Idols may be easily appeased with the wickednes and blood of men The like hath Dio Cassius Ammianus Mercellinus and others among the Gentils all crying out against Dio Cass in Epitom apud Xephelin in Nerone Ammian Mercell in eod Iul. Caesar lib. 6. Belli Gallici Io. Selden Analect p. 27. Plinius natural Hist l. 3. Io. Seld. Analect Anglob p. 35. Theater of great Britaine l. 6. these most Barbarous proceedings and yet termed with them Religion And to fill vp the measure of this their most inhuman Irreligion as Iulius Caesar with others testifieth these men had Idols of an Huge greatenes whose members being made of wands they filledfull of men aliue and so setting them on fire burned them immani magnitudine simulachra habent quorum contexta viminibus membra viuis hominibus complent quibus succensis circumuenti flamma exanimantur homines And Pliny with others is witnes that they were so farre from doing any homage or dutie to God that they bestowed all such vpon the Deuills his Enemyes and were so farre and so long time in his dayes had bene practised in Magike and Inuocation and worshiping deuills that he supposeth the Persians so farre distant and giuen ouer then to that most horrible dishonoring of God had learned and receaued it from hence where the cheife Maisters and practisers thereof remained 6. And concerning the other commaundements of the second Table of honoring Parents not committing murther adultery theft or wronge vnto men which are warranted by the Lawe of Nature these men were as farre from performing thē as those of the first Table about diuine worshipe but this so termed Religion gaue either cōmandemēt or publike allowance to breake them all Iulius Caesar writeth that the men kept women as wyues common vnto them and brothers the women or wyues of their brothers and Iul. Caesar Bell. Gallici l. 6. parents those of their children Vxores habent deni duodenique inter se communes maxime fratres cum fratribus parentes cum liberis The like hath Io. Zonaras in Seuero Zonaras and how in some parts of this Country the people went naked Nudi degunt mulieribus promiscuè vtuntur And this was accompted a vertue honour among them as their Queene Bunduica did publikly professe in her prayer to her Goddesse Andraste or Andaste Qui cum caetera omnia tum liberos Būduica Regina in orat ad Adasten apud Io. Xephilin in Epitom Dionis in Nerone in Seuero Dio. Xephil supr Io. Zonaras in Seuero Theater of great Britaine lib. 6. S. Io. Chrysostom Serm. de Pentecost Hier. aduers Iouinian vxores communes inter se putant The Britans did esteeme children wyues as all other things to be common among them And both Xephilinus Dio and Zonaras say it was as lawfull for them to steale libentissimè latrocinantur If theft may be where all things are allowed to be common What they esteemed of murther and corporall violence may be collected by that is sayde when the Innocents were at commaund to be sacrificed to their deuills And to vse S. Chrysostoms and S. Hieroms speach as our Theater Protestants translate them S. Ihon Chrisostome saith the Britans fedd vpon human flesh making no difference betwixt the blood of man and beast Of which barbarisme S. Hierome also complained that some of those Nations he expressely nameth the Scots vsed to eate the Buttoks of Boyes and Paps of virgins which in their feasts were serued for the daintiest dishes And this most sauadge and barbarous behauiour of this kingdome vnder the Religion and Reignement of the Druides was by their gouerment now become so notorious in the world and odious that as S. Gildas noteth Pophyrie that greate Pagan Philosopher and maintainer of their superstitions and so enraged against the Church of Christ that he calleth him the madd dogge Porphirius rabidus orientalis aduersus Ecclesiam Porphir apud Gildam l. de excid Britanniae prope Initium canis liuing in the East nameth this Country the mother of Tyrants Britannia fertilis Prouincia Tyrannorum 7. These and such other most grosse and hellish superstitions errors and exercrable wikednes in practising their pretended Religion being so inuincibly proued that neither denyall nor excuse would be made and seeing how all the world had allready or now was to forsake them the Roman Emperours
Histories then no further extending itselfe These Legats and Apostolike MissoÌ„ of Pope Eleutherius preached in the whole kingdome of Britaine then to Seuerus wall diuiding and separating Albania now commonly called Scotland from the other parts of Britaine now England So they or some of their Associats and holy company preached in the whole kingdome or I le of great Britaine and the cheife Ilands thereof for if Pope Eleutherius as before is proued subiected that part of Britaine now Scotland beyond the wall out of the temporall Iurisdiction of King Lucius at whose request and petition he sent Preachers hither vnto Yorke a Metropolitan See in his kingdome and Dominion he though highest iudge and Ruler in the Church of Christ and ouer such as beleeued in him yet ouer such as had not receaued the faith and Religion of Christ he would vse no such commande or Power to subiect them either to the Archbishop of Yorke London Cacrlegion or any other out of the temporall Dominion where they liued nor within the same if any such had bene there except they had bene Christians So the same holy learned Pope in his allowing all the Ilands betweene Britaine and Norwey with Denmarke vsque Noruegiam Daciam to belong to the Crowne of King Lucius in Britaine the ciuill Lawe and Ius gentium adiudging Ilands especially lesser Ilands to be parts of and belonging vnto the next Continent Norwey being a greate kingdome and in the mayne continent as a greate parte of Denmarke likewise was and is Britaine being proued to the Romans before to be an Iland separate from the greate Continent though the greatest knowne Iland it will bring many besides Protestants to defend this Donation of Pope Eleutherius and thereby the old right and Title of Britaine to the Ilands neare Norwey and Denmarke to be of opinion that diuers there were then conuerted to Christ and Pope Eleutherius laboured what he could for their Conuersion Otherwise the Pope though supreame Pastor and Ruler of the Church of Christ did not nor would claime such Power ouer Infidels neuer conuerted to the true faith or sheepe of the folde of Christ of which and not of Infidels he is cheifest Sheephard vnder Christ one earth 2. The old Antiquities of Glastenbury one of our best Records in such things assure vs that these our holy Legats and Apostles did heare preach Christ and baptized the Inhabitants throughout the whole Iland of Britaine and not onely in King Lucius and the Romans Dominion heare Phaganus Deruianus venerunt in Britanniam ad praedicandum Euangelium qui Antiq. Glast Guliel Malm. l. de Antiq. Caeno Glast Capgrau in S. Patricio baptisantes praedicantes vniuersam Insulam peragrantes Which Tertullian a learned witnesse and writer in this time within the first 200. yeares of Christ and writing in Afrike so farre from taking speedy and certaine notice or Intelligence of the affaires of this so remote kingdome proueth when he saith Britannorum Romanis inaccessa loca the places of the Brittans whether Tertull. l. cont Iudaeos c. 7. the Romans could not come had before his writing receaued the faith of Christ which must needs be performed at this time before Pope Victor his sending Preachers vnto the Scots at the request of their King and first Christian King of the Scots Donaldus And his Mission was vnto the Scots but this Conuersion of the Britans in the places vnaccessable to the Romans or to which the Romans had not made accesse must needs be of the Britans as they are so expressely named by that auncient writer of that time and these Britans were the same which then inhabited in the Country now and long since called Scotland of the Scots afterward entering and inhabiting there for all other places in Britaine had before suffered and knowne the Romans Accesse and Inuasion into them 3. No other part of Britaine is found in Histories into which they had not made accesse and there obtained Rule or thence receaued Tribute And in this our Protestant Antiquaries doe agree When thus they write It is certaine by Chemnitius citing Sabellicus that the Britans were with the first Conuerts and Protest Theater of great Brit. l. 6. §. 9. Chemnit in Exam. Concil Tridentin ex Sabellico Tertullian who liued within 200. yeares of Christs Natiuitie sheweth no lesse when the more to prouoke the Iewes against whome he wrote calleth to witnesse the fruitefull encrease of the Ghospell of Saluation through many Countryes and Nations and among them nameth the Britans to haue receaued the word of life the power whereof saith he hath pirced into those parts whether the Romaâ—s could not come Where they alledge Tertullian in the same sence for the Conuersion of the Britans euen in the places whether the Romans could not come vnto them yet they doe not plainely cite Tertullian as he wrote and I haue cited him before that the places heare conuerted to which the RomaÌ„s could not come The Britans the most auncient Christians in this part of the world or whole world for a kingdome to haue bene places of the Britans Britannorum Romanis inaccessâ— loca and of no other people or Nation Therefore I cannot allowe what they without controlle immediately thus write in that place whence Petrus Cluniacensis supposeth the Scottish men the more auncient Christians as not being in the like subiection to the Romans as other then were Which collection of Petrus Cluniacensis if these men or any other should allowe and not reproue they should thereby proue themselues much ignorant in the Antiquities honour and priuiledges of our Britaine in this respect contrary to all Historians and these men contrary to themselues often in this their Theater teaching Britaine and the Britans to haue bene the first Christian kingdome and Nation in the worlde No Scots or others especially in these parts of the knowne world the comming neare vnto them in that state or degree of glorie 4. And it is euident by our oldest British Historian S. Gildas and others Gildas l. de excid conquest Britanniae after him that the Scots were not seated or dwelling in the greate Iland of Britaine not in the most remote and Northren parts thereof vntill the departure of Maximus hence with the cheifest power of the Britans heare when and not before they inuaded the North parts vnto the wall of diuision omnem Aquilonarem extremamque terrae partem pro Indigenis murotenus capessunt The Britans Indigenae were the generall Inhabitants and Possessors there before And the picts did not vntill then inhabite any extreame parte of greate Britaine Picti in extrema parte Insulae tunc primum deinceps requîeuerunt and yet by all were heare planted before the Scots But they liued vntill then the Gild. Galfr. Monum Hist Brittan Matt. West Chron. Harding Chron. Scots in Ireland and the our-Ilands as the Picts also in those lesser Ilands did And the Britans
dwelling beyonde the wall were as free from subiection to the Romans as any Scots now were or rather more when we finde that in Claudius the Roman Emperour his time he with his Romans brought the Orchades and after Anglesy to their subiection And the Scottish Historians Veremund Hist Hector Boeth Scotor Histor Georg. Buchan in Donald Raph. Holinsh. Hist of Scotland auncient and late Catholiks and Protestants freely and plainely confesse that they receaued not the faith of Christ vntill the time of Pope victor and their King Donaldus the generall conuersion of the Brittans being prefected before vnder S. Eleutherius and S. Lucius King of Britaine So they as generally confesse and acknowledge they had no Bishop or Episcopall See among them vntill in Dioclesian his Persecution S. Amphibalus was their first Bishop S. Amphibolus a Britan the first Bishop of the Scots in the time of Dioclesian his Persecution and his See the first among them in the I le of Man they then hauing no Episcopall See or Citie within the Brittish continent at that time to place him or any other in 5. And allthough some Scottish writers labour to proue that they were seated in the continent of greate Britaine sooner then the time I haue limited vnto them and were by Maximus vtterly bannished hence euen with their Bishops and Monks this so easy and sodaine bannishment of them all generally which they confesse to haue bene done by an Edict or Proclamation of Maximus proueth they were rather in some few companies entered a litle before then seated heare and after their bannishment hence that part where they then were and now are was left onely to the old Inhabitants thereof the Brittans and some Picts there continuing still by Maximus his permission This their owne Historians generally acknowledge and further that S. Palladius sent vnto the Scots in the fifth Age by Pope Caelestinus was the first Bishop they had sent vnto them by such power which doth litle agree with their conceipt of theire Bishops heare in the time of Maximus except they will yeeld that as their temporall people were heare then vniust Intruders vpon the Brittans Soe their pretended Bishops were without due spirituall and Papall allowance and so were from hence bannished and exiled But we are fully assured before that this part of Britaine beyonde The Britans then inhaâ—â—ting where it is now called Scotland had a Bishop or Bishops in this time and where the wall had euen in this time of Pope Eleutherius and King Lucius Episcopall Sees and Bishops at the least one Bishops See and Bishop with Preists and Clergie men for all our Antiquaries haue assured deliuered for an vndoubted truth vnto vs before that in this time all the Temples of the Flamens in Britaine without any LimitatioÌ„ more in Loegria Cambria then in Albania were changed into Episcopall Sees and Bishops with Preists and other Clergie men placed in them Soe we are assured by all Kinde of Histories auncient late Catholike and Protestant That in Albania now Scotland Edenburgh was an auncient Flamens Citie and Residence and so now conuerted to be a Bishops See And by Foundation being of the same Antiquitie with Ranulp Higede Polichron l. 1. Hector Boeth declarat Scotiae Regionum ante Hist Scotor Guliel Malm. l. 3. de Pontif. Ranulp Higed Polychron l. 1. c. 48. Stow Hist Britans Yorke both of them builded by one and the same Brittish King Ebrancus And the old Flamens Citie Alcluid or Alclutht was also founded by the same King of Britaine There is question where this Citie for certaine was but all agree neare that wall of Diuision and so the priuiledges and power thereof most probably extended on both sides of that Diuision The Citie Caerliel or Lugubalia was a place of this Prerogatiue builded by Leil the seuenth in number of the Brittish Kings and out of doubt had power and prerogatiue in both sides of the wall both in Loegria and Albania hauing as our Antiquaries deliuer and experience yet proueth in it part of that famous wall of seperation habet haec vrbs aliquam partem illius Muri famosi qui transcindit Northumbriam Ranulphus Higeden and others placeth an old Citie vrbs Beble vrbs regia a Regall Citie vpon the Ryuer Twyde super ripam Twidi which diuideth England and Scotland and if it was a Flamens and Bishops See as the auncient glory of it persuadeth to thinke the Iurisdiction of it must needs extend into Albania 6. Besides we finde both in Protestant and other Antiquaries to speake in their words that 800. yeares before the comming of Christ Cunedagius King of all Britaine builded a Temple of Mars at Perche that is now S. Ihons Towne in Scotland and placed there a Flamine Therefore we may not singularly deny vnto this olde Citie and Flamens Seate which Antiquaries generally grant vnto all such in this time to haue bene changed into a Bishops See And Seuerus who caused the wall of seperation to be made or finished and defended comming hither after the death of King Lucius when this change of Temples into Episcopall Sees was generally made and confirmed this Temporall seperation could not in any respect hinder the extension and practise of spirituall power and Iurisdiction at that setling and establishing it heare generally in Britaine And the Scottish Historians themselues when they come to make Relation of their Conuersion in the time of Pope Victor after S. Eleutherius time and after the Brittans and Britaine had generally receaued the faith of Christ and all Ecclesiasticall matters heare established they neither say that any one Bishop was sent vnto them by Pope Victor but rather the Countrarye when it is hard to finde in Antiquities how any greate and temporally independing people or Nation such as the Scots then clay me to haue bene except they were subiected to other Bishops to rule and gouerne them in spirituall affaires which is properly belonging to that highe spirituall dignitie were conuerted without a Bishop or Bishops 7. And when S. Victor Pope sent Preachers vnto them they doe say that he sent them vnto them in and throughout Albania as if they and not the Brittans had then possessed and inhabited there but they say the Scots were then taught and instructed by Preists which Pope Victor sent to Veremund Hect. Boeth l. 5. Scot. Hist preach the Ghospell of Christ vnto the vttermost part of Albion Sacerdotibus praeceptoribus quos Victor Pontifex Maximus ad Christi dogma propalandum in extremam miserat Albionem which furthest part of Albion is 300. miles distant from that part of Albania which ioyned with Loegria England Therefore we see clearely that the Scots onely then liued in the furthest and most remote parte of Albion or some Ilands thereof and possessed not our greate Albania the Brittans Country and Possession and in such sense they may call their small place or places of aboude
were baptised and clerely forsooke their former errors and Idolatrie This was in the yeare after the birth of Will. Harrison descript of Brit. cap. of Relig. Edw. Grymston Booke of Estat in Scotland pag. 20. Christ our Sauiour 203. The like haue other English Protestants of this matter of whome one saith Scotland receaued the faith in the time of Pope Victor the first in the yeare 203. and Idolatrie did quite cease vnder King Crakinte who died in the yeare 313. Celestine the first sent Palladius thither to roote out the PelagiaÌ„ Heresie which began to encrease there vnder Eugenius the second who died in the yeare 460. since this time the Realme continued longe in profession of the Romish Church vntill these later dayes the Reigne of King Iames who now liueth 4. Thus we see how ignorantly or rather impudently some Protestants haue written in affirming that because some of the Britans and Scots of this Iland at the comming of S. Augustine hither were fallen into old and exploded error of some Churches of Greece that therefore without any warrant or Writer so affirming they receaued their first faith from the Churches of Asia when it is euident by all Antiquities and these Protestants themselues that the Britans did receaue Christian Religion from the Pope of Rome S. Eleutherius and the Scots from Pope S. Victor the two greatest Promulgers and Defenders of the true Paschall obseruation and greatest Enemies to the other erroneous custome and abuse that euer were And being so plainely All Britaine both Britans Scots and others Christians euer subiect to the Pope in Spirituall busines vntill Caluins time confessed by these Protestants before that the Scots which agreed in Religion with the old Christian Britans of this kingdome as all Protestants and others agree did continue in the Profession of the Romish Church from their first Conuersion vntill the crowning of King Iames the sixt a Child in his Cradell what a childish new vpstart Profession of Protestants must that needs be by their owne confession which beginning with not contradiction of a yet speachlesse Infant to build one such a grounde hath reiected the Authoritie of all Popes Councels Churches holy learned Fathers Saints holy Kings and Christian Rulers in so many hundreds of yeares Or how can any man Scot or other apprehend that except King Donald his Nobles and Counsailers therein had bene assured that the cheife disposition of spirituall affaires belonged to the See of Rome and Pope thereof that he a Christian in Iudgment at the least before as so auncient and approued Antiquities proue and in peace and amitie with King Lucius of Britaine where so many renowned Bishops and Clergie men then liued and to whome by the Testimonie and Decree of Pope Eleutherius before remembred all Scots â—nd Picts about this kingdome of Britaine were Feudatories and Subiects and that in France and all other Nations betweene our Scots and Rome there were many holy and learned Christian Bishops and Clergie men that he in prudence would or could haue sent so solemne Ambassadge and supplication to effect this suite to the Pope of Rome whose Emperour then or presently after and before this holy worke was wholly effected was the greatest enemy in the world to the Scottish Nation with all force malice and Power he could inuadinge it Therefore we must needs conclude euen by Protestant warrant and allowance that this whole kingdome of Britaine from the first Conuersion thereof to Christ did euer and continually vntill these dayes of Ihon Caluine that Father of the English Protestant Religion in all dutie and obedience perseuere in the vnitie and doctrine of the Popes and Church of Rome by whome it was first conuerted to Christianitie THE IV. CHAPTER THAT ALLTHOVGH THE BEING OF THE Scots in Britaine in the time of S. Victor is vncertaine and not proued but rather otherwise yet the Inhabitants of the part now called Scotland Britans or whosoeuer were conuerted in King Lucius and this time The Bishops of the conuerted Scots were euer true Bishops and they euer obedient to the See of Rome 1. BVT before we enter into any further particulars of the Conuersion of the Scottish Nation by S. Victor Pope and his Apostolike Disciples imployed therein which is very sparingly remembred in any Antiquities left vnto vs to deliuer our selues so farre as we can from Ambiguities and vncertainties it is requisite to say some what at least in generall of what parte place When the Scots now supposed to be conuerted to the faith came first into Britaine and where they now liued Country or Iland in or about this great Iland of Albion or Britaine these Scots were which are recorded to be conuerted at this time For whatsoeuer the Scots pleade that this hapned to their Nation long after their entrance into this greate Iland which they contend to haue bene in the yeare of the worlds Creation 4617. Annum quo Albionem Scoti ingressi fe runtur ab orbe condito tradunt supra quater millesimum sexcentesimum decimum septimum This Hect. Boeth descript Scot. Reg. fol. 4. Nicephor l. 1. Hist cap. 10. Alphonsus Rex Euseb in Chron. Isid l. 5. Origin Cyprianus lib. Exhort Martyr Hieron in Epist ad Tit. August lib. 12. ciuit cap. 10. Martyrolog Rom. Marian. aetate 6. an 1. Math. West an 1. Protest Angl. marginal Annotat in illum locum Holâ—insh Hist of Engl. l. 3. cap. 18. Iacob Gordonus in Apparatu cap. 2. seemeth to be a strange calculation and not firme enough to be builded vpon for how could the Scots liuing in darke ignorance of God and heauenly things and knowing nothing of the Creation of the world or such things but by all writers a very vnlearned rude and barbarous people exiled bannished and wandering men possibly haue any such certaine Tradition of their arriuall in Albion in such a yeare of the worlds Creation of which they were long time after vtterly ignorant And Hector Boethius the Scottish Historian which with other writers setteth downe this Conuersion in the 203. of Christ and yet maketh that to be in 5399. yeare of the worlds Creation differeth from all other Computations eyther of Nicephorus recompting the birth of Christ in the 5500. yeare of the world K. Alphonsus in the 6984. Euseb 5199. S. Isid 5220. S. Cyp. to his time 6000. and S. Hier. S. Aug. in their dayes 6000. long after S. Cyp. By the Roman Martyrologe 5199. betweene the Creation Christ By Marianus 4163. Matthew of Westminster maketh an other accompt some English Protestant Antiquaries make the distance betwene the Creation 3066. others 3807. Others of them reckon otherwise And by some writers it cometh to about 4000. yeares Such and so manifold variances being among learned Christians in this accompt we may not easely admitt for certaine what any man will therein propose from a Scottish PagaÌ„ surmised Tradition Especially when we haue many Antiquities both Brittish English and
heare of so wonderfull patience loue of Christ and Heroicall true fortitude to so many thowsands which by their singular example with inuincible couradge imitated them therein is the greatest honour we can yeeld to such blessed Saints one earth Their Festiuitie is celebrated by the old Roman Martyrologe vpon the first day of Iuly On which day as Baronius plainely writeth many Martyr Rom. die 1. Iulij others suffered Martyrdome with them Iulius Aaron Martyres cum alijs plurimis in Britannia sub Dioclesiano primo die Iulij So likewise affirmeth a Caesar Baron in Indice NominuÌ„ Sanctorum in Iulio Aarone Author of Engl. Martyr 1. Iul. late English Wtiter And the Roman Martyrologe which Baronius glosseth may well carry that construction for setting downe for a certaine truth that these two holy Martyrs were putt to death in Britaine vpon the first day of Iuly Primo die Iulij in Britannia Sanctorum Martyrum Iulij Aaron qui in persecutione Dioclesiani passi sunt it presently addeth Quo tempore ibidem quamplurimi diuersis crutiatibus torti saeuissimè lacerati ad supernae ciuit atis gaudia consummato agone peruenerunt At the same time in the same place very many tortured with diuers torments and most cruelly torne hauing ended their combate came to the Ioyes of heauen And S. Bede saith that ea tempestate Martyrol Ro. 1. die Iulij Bed l. 1. Hist c. 7. Henr. Hunting Hist l. 1. in Diocles Matt. West an 303. Io. Capgr in S. Albano alij Girald CaÌ„bren Itiner Camb. l. 1. cap. 5. Ranulph Higed l. 1. c. 48. Dauid Powel Annot. in Girald supr Harrison Descript of Brit. c. 13. Humfr. Lhuyd Brâ—uiar Britan. Et Tho. Twyne ib. f. 82. The glory of Caerlegâ—â—nâ—ur Archieâ—iscâ—â—all see before this time at that time when S. Aaron and S. Iulius were Martyred diuers others both men and women were putt to death Alijque vtriusque sexus passi sunt ea tempestate So hath Henry of Huntington passi sunt co tempore Aaron Iulius alij quo que plures vtriusque sexus So haue others And we cannot probably thinke that those raging Persecutours which in places where there were not in any degree so many Christians as in this renowned Citie an Archiepiscopall See and Christian Vniuersitie putt them to death by thowsands sent these heare by cruell Martyrdome to heauen alone These holy Martyrs by all Antiquities suffered Martyrdome at Caerlegion and both Giralâ—us Cambrensis Ranulphus Higeden writing at Westchester as also our Protestant Antiquaries of the same Country plainely say it was at Caerlegion in Monmouthshire which was the Archiepiscopall Citie and Schoole distinguishing it from Westchester by some called Caerlegion also I will onely cite one thus Englished to my hand by a Protestant Historian In this Region Monmouthshire is situated the most auncient and Noble Citie of Legions which our Countrymen call Caerleon are Wish that is to say the Citie of Legions vpon Vsk for difference sake betweene it and the other which is builded in Northwales vpon the Riuer Dee Of whome Giraldus writeth thus The same was an auncient and noble Towne the tokens whereof remayne as yet an huge Palace a Giantlike Tower goodly Bathes and hotehouses Reliques of Churches and places like Theaters compassed with beautifull walles â—artly yet standing Also buildings vndeâ— the grounde Conducts secreâ—â—e passages and Vaultes vnder the earth framed by wonderfull workemanship Thâ—â—â—â—â—th two Martyrs Iulius and Aaron which had Churches dedicate◠〈…〉 The like and more plainely haue many others auncient and late Catholiks and Protestants Therefore that Protestant Bishop which singularlie saith it was at Chester apud vrbem Legionum Cestriam nun vocatam is much deceaued in this matter Io. Bâ—l. Prâ—fat in l. de Scriptor THE XVIII CHAPTER HOW SAINT AMPHIBALVS A BRITTISH Bishop and many holy and learned Preists of the Britans in this Persecution went to the Scots and Picts were reuerently receaued of them and preached liued and continued there in greate Sanctitie and left greate Succession of such there after them 1. VPON this Persecution and Martyrdome of these holy Saints Gildas l. de excid c. 8. and others at that time as S. Gildas with others writeth they which escaped death hidd theÌ„selues in Woods Desarts Dens and fledd into Ilands to the Scots for refuge Qui superfuerant Hector Boeth Hist Scotor l. 6. f. 102. Georg. Buchan Rer. Scot. l. 4. in Rege 33. Hollinsh Hist of Scotland in Crathlint and Fincomarke siluis ac desertis abditisque spelnncis se occult aâ—ere Our Scottish Historians say a greate number of our Brittish Christians to auoide the crueltie of the Persecutours fledd to the Scots and Picts Magnus piorum numerus persequentium saeuitiam declinare cupiens ad Scotos Pictos concessit They haue preserued the particular names of diuers of them whome they recompt among the most renowned learned men of that Age such were Amphibalus a Bishop Modocus Priscus Calanus Ferranus Ambianus and Carnocus worshippers of God called in the old Scottish languadge Culdeis which by their preaching taught the Religion of Christ with many labours throughout the Scots Countries There were then very many more but these the cheifest of them whose names came to posteritie Inter Nostrates eadem fuere tempestate sacra doctrina pollentes Ampbibalus Amistes Modocus Priscus Calanus Ferranus Ambianus Caroncus Dei cultores Culdei prisca nostra vulgari lingua dicti Christi Seruatoris doctrinam omnes per Scotorum Regiones concionando multis pijsque sudoribus seminantes Fuere tunc alij permulti sed hij quorum nomina ad Posteros delata praecipui Many of these holy Brittish Christians liued in poore Georg. Buchan Rer. Scotic l. 4. Reg. 35. Hollinsh of Scotl. in Fincomarke Cels professing the most austeere penitentiall cremiticall life in so greate sanctitie that as these Scottish Antiquaries haue before deliuered their very Cels were dedicated into Churches after they were dead and with such reuerence obserued with that Nation our Protestants so confessing and testifying that from the time of those holy Brittish Saints which thus liued there the old Scots called Churches by the name of Cels Ex â—â—que consâ—etudo mansit apud Posteros vt prisci Scoti templa Cellas vocent 2. Among these our holy Bishop S Amphibalus a man of singular pietie and excellent in diuine learning Amphibaluâ— Brito vir â—â—sigâ—â— pietate sacra doctrina pollens preached the word of Christ throughouâ— the Scots and Picts S. Amphibalus a BritaÌ„ and Martyr a learned and holy Bishop in Mona I le with the Scots Countries speaking and writing much against the Pagans Religion 〈◊〉 dogma per Scotorum Pictorumqae Regiones propâ—â—aâ—do mâ—lâ—a a contra Geâ—â—â—â—um Religionem dicendo scribendoquâ— Crathlint then King of the Scots entertayned this holy Bishop and his company with greate loue and builded for them a â—hurch in the I
hauing no other sonne but him as Historians agree Calphurnius ex Couchessa S. Martini Turonensis sorore vnicum concepit filium S. Patricium but an other whose name I doe not finde particularly neither what his Father was called in any Writter but onely that he was so Noble that he is stiled Rex a King and his sonne saint Ninian regali ex prosapia Ninianus extitit oriundus discended by his Brittish Parents of Regall Race Who when he was very young cum annos pueriles transegisset contemning all worldly things went on Pilgrimage to Rome where the Pope which then was saint Siluester as it will shew by the time hereafter committed him to be instructed in holy learning and Religion to chosen Tutors in such things he continued in these sacred Studies at Rome diuers yeares vntill he was perfectly there indued with the knowledge of Christian Mysteries Erat Romae regulariter fidem mysteria veritatis edoctus Bed Hist l. 3. cap. 4. as saint Bede writeth of him and by the old Writer of his life he continued there many yeares in these sacred Studies and worthie Conuersation and perfect pietie that the Pope hearing there were some people in the West parts of Britaine the Pictish Nation which had not yet receaued the faith of Christ consecrated him Bishop and sent him for their Apostle vnto them pluribus annis in vrbe laudabiliter conuersatus in sacris Scripturis sufficienter eruditus ad virtutum summa prouehitur pennis charitatis subuectus ad caelestia contemplanda sustollitur Audiens deinde Pontifex Romanus quosdam in Occidujs Britanniae partibus necdum fidem Christi suscepisse ad Episcopatus gradū Ninianum consecrauit praemissae genti data benedictione Apostolum destinauit This old Writer of sainct Ninian his life saith that in his returne from Rome towards his Country of Britaine greately desiring to visit saint Martine his Vncle by some before he went to the Citie of Tours and was honorably entertained by him knowing by diuine reuelation the worthinesse of his holy Nephew and how he should happily procure the saluation of many Rediens autem vir Dei ab vrbe actus desiderio videndi sanctum Martinum Episcopum ad Ciuitatem Turonensem iter diuertit Quem sanctus Martinus honorificè suscipiens eum à Deo sanctificatum multorum saluti profuturum Deo reuelante cognouit 5. But whereas this Antiquitie calleth S. Martin thē a Bishop it may be questioned Bed Eccl. Hist l. 3. c. 4. Alred in vit S. Ninian Guliel Malmes l. 3. de gest Pont. Angl. Henric. Hunt Hist l. 3. Capgrau in S. Ninian Hect. Boeth Histor Scot. l. 7. Io. Bal. cent 1. in Nin. Bernic Io. Pits l. de vir Illustrib aetat 5. in S. Nin. Nichol. Fitzherbert l. de Antiq. Cath. Relig. in Anglia whether S. Martin was then at that time a Bishop there or that it so calleth him because not long after he was Bishop for it partly appeareth already and will more hereafter that by our owne Histories S. Niniā was come a Bishop into Britaine before such time as by forreine Authors S. Martin was Bishop of Tours Cōming into Britaine saith this old Author he was entertained with greate applause cōcourse of people as a Prophet cū ad locū Legationis suae venisset magnus populorū fit cōcursus ingens cūctis laetitia mira deuotio laus quoque vbique resonat Christi quoniā sicut Prophetū eum habebāt So the Popes Legates were honoured in Britaine in those dayes that this holy Legate did cōuert those Picts which were thē in Britaine called cōmonly the south Picts the Northrē Picts cōming hither afterward lōg after this cōuerted to the faith of Christ it is the cōmon consent of all our Antiquaries aūcient later after S. Bede Catholiks or Protestāts Australes Picti relicto errore Idololatriae fidē veritatis acceperunt praedicāte eis verbum Nyma Episcopo reuerendissimo sanctissimo Viro de natione Britonū qui erat Romae regulariter fidem mysteria veritatis edoctus Thus sainct Bede diuers more The old Manuscript of saint Ninian his life Capgraue and others doe more particularly deliuer the manner order of conuerting that people by saint Ninian not onely by holy preaching but many and strange miracles he wrought in curing the blinde lame Lepers and uexed with wicked spirits raysing those which were dead to life ordaining consecrating Bishops Preists other Cleargy mē diuiding the Coūtry into Parishes cōmitting thē to their cure charge Sāctus Ninianus Australes Pictos quibus adhuc error Gētilis inhaerēs Idola venerari ac colere cōpellebat aggrediēs Euāgelij veritatē sequentibus signis praedicabat Caeci vident claudi ambulant leprosi mundantur surdi audiūt mortui resurgūt oppressi à daemonibus liberātur Sicque fides suscipitur error abdicatur destructis tēplis Ecclesiae erigūtur currūt ad salutis lauachrū diuites pauperes gratias Deo agunt in Insulis quae procul sunt habitantes ordinauit Presbyteros Episcopos consecrauit totam terram per certas Parochias diuisit confirmatis in fide omnibus By which testimony that euen the Inhabitants in the Ilands out of greate Britaine were conuerted and all confirmed in the faith we take notice that not onely Picts which were their in this Britaine but such also as liued in the out Ilands thereof were by saint Ninian and his holy Assistants then conuerted And his commission before from the Pope of Rome to preach vnto all in those parts without limitation which had not receaued then the saith of Christ will giue proofe vnto it for so it extended vnto all Pagan◠in our West Countries whether Picts Scots Britans or of what Nation soeuer in those places Wherevpon diuers and among them some Protestant Antiquaries are bold to write that not onely the Picts were instructed and first conuerted by him but diuers others both Scots Britans did by him receaue the Christian Roman Religion or confirmation therein Ninianus Bernicius Io. Bal. l. de Script Britancent 1. in Niniano Bernicio Hect. Boeth Scotor Hist lib. 7. fol. 119. ex Regio Britannorum sanguine procreatus Italiam adhuc adolescens literarum studio petijt Romae apud diuini verbi ministros mysteria verit atis edoctus ad plenum celer in patriam remigrabat Vbi Magister Paedonomus non vulgaris concreditum à Deo talentum per Britannorū Scotorum Australiūque Pictorum terras latissimè profudit Huius pia industria Picti primum relicto Idololatriae cultu veram Christi fidem percepere And for those holy labors was in Catholike times as our Histories testifie by all through out all Britaine reuerenced by the Title of the Doctor and Instructor of the Scots Picts and Britans Scotorum Pictorum Britonumque Doctor Paedonomus non vulgaris eo nomine omnibus qui Albionem incolunt vel hac nostra
Iland now called S. Andrewes from that time of his holy Reliks taking that name of honor then a poore Village in Pictland now in the diuision of Scotland The fame hereof being spreed through the Country of the Picts very many resorted to visit and reuerence these holy Reliks from all places thereabouts brough gifts to offer to the holy Apostle ConfluxeruÌ„t illuc vndique donaria Christi Apostolo offerentes Among these was Heirgustus King of the Picts whom S. Regulus and his Religious company entertained with a ioyfull maner of Procession in Hymnes and Canticles The King Prostrating himselfe vpon the ground kissed the sacred Reliks with greate reuerence and after Masse whereof the King was most obseruant ended he gaue his owne Palace to S. Andrewe S. Regulus and the Preists to serue God Sacrifice of Masse with vestiments and ornaments beloÌ„ging to Preists at Masse there And he builded an other Church not farre off dedicated to S. Andrew the Apostle Which he did endowe with most ample gifts as Chalices Lauatories and other vessels of gold and syluer with very costely Preistly and Church Ornaments to continue for euer belonging to the holy Sacrifice ornauit id templum Donarijs amplissimis pateris cyphis calicibus peluibus laxacris ex argento auroque ac alia praetiosa supellectili in sacrorum vsum quaesita sacerdotibus ad diuina perpetuo exequenda ibidem costitutis This example of King Heirgustus was long time followed by the Kings of the Picts so long as they continued there and by the Kings of the Scots after possessing those parts honoring S. Andrew for the Patron of their Country Heirgusti exemplum longa Regum series primo Pictorum deinde Scotorum qui deletis Pictis ea loca tenuerunt religiose est insequuta Diuum Andream pro numine habentes tutelari Which the Protestant Historians themselues both Scots and others doe freely and plainly confesse as being a certaine and vndeniable true Historie agreeing both in Boeth l. 6. fol. 109. Hollinsh Hist of Scotl. supr the time place and other circumstances of the miraculous sending and transporting these holy Reliks into this kingdome in the place remembred from Patras in Achaia about the yeare of Christ 369. and the greate deuotion reuerence wherewith they were receaued and preserued heare 4. The first Religious men which were placed in this new Monastery with Culdeyes the old Monkes heare most holymen S. Regulus and his company were those which the Scots and Picts for their singular pietie and Religion honored with the Title Culdeis Sacerdotes Deicultores vulgo appellati Preists commonly called Worshippers of God these were first placed in it Fuere in eo à primaeâ—a eius conditione primum Sacerdotes Dei cultores vulgo appellati These Culdeis were Britans of those parts where the Romans ruled and the Persecution of Dioclesian extended it selfe and raged which fled to the Scots not so subiect to the Romans for succour in that raging time and many of them after the Persecution ended continued there still preaching vnto the Scots many of these conuerted ioyning with them in that holy Religious life and remayned there to many generations in greate honor and Sanctitie reuerenced both of Kings Subiects as all Antiquaries euen Protestants thus confesse in the Reigne of King Finchormach or Finchomarke a litle before this time and diuers hundreds of yeares after Scoti liberati Georg. Buchan Rer. Scoticar l. 4 in Reg. 35. Finchomarcho Holinsh Histor of Scotl. in Fincomarke curis externis nihil prius habuerunt quam vt religionem Christianam promouerent occasione illinc orta quòd multi ex Brittonibus Christianis saeuitiam Diocletiani timentes ad eos confugerant è quibus complures doctrina vitae integritate clari in Scotia substiterunt vitamque solitariam taÌ„ta sanctitatis opinione apud omnes vixerunt vt vita functorum cella in templa commutarentur ex eoque consuetudo mansit apud Posteros vt prisci Scoti templa cellas vocent Hoc genus Monachorum Culdeos appellabant Mansitque nomen institutum donec Monachorum genus recentius eos expulit By which testimonie of Antiquaries euen Protestants it is both proued that our auncient learned and Religious Britans as S. Ninian and his Associates and our Brittish holy Preists and Culdies were principall instruments in conuerting as well the Scottish as Pictish Nations to the faith of Christ and that the Pope of Rome which directed S. Ninian Religion then heare the same with that of the present Roman Church hither he and the Picts whom he conuerted our British Preists and Culdeis and the Scots receauing instruction in Religion from them and the Church of Greece with whose Monkes all these ioyned were Professors of one and the same Catholike faith in the Sacrifice of Masse and Ceremonials thereof prayer and inuocation to Saints in heauen their protection towards men on earth worshipping their Reliks Pilgrimages to holy Places Religious Monasticall life and such others before expressed by them From these Monkes and Culdeis the Bishops of those parts were chosen vntill Pope Celestine sent Boeth l. 7. f. 133. S. Palladius hither Antea ex Monachis Culdeis Pontifices assumerentur And they preached and taught the Lawe of Christ throughout all the l. 6. f. 102. Scots Countries Christi Seruatoris doctrinam per omnes Scotorâ—m Regiones concionando multis pijsque sudoribus seminantes 5. And although this History of S. Regulus in comming so longe a iorney with those sacred Reliks and the greate reuerence the Northren parts of this Kingdome then gaue vnto them may seeme strange to men not well affected to such holy duties and ignorant in the deuotion and Religion of these times yet they may learne this was not singular to the Gretians Picts and Scots but to all other Christan Nations especially the Britans not to seeke further then belongeth to their History For as S. Regulus brought those holy Reliks Pilgrimages to holy Reliks of Saints out of Greece so our Britans in these times went into Syria as farre as Antioch on Pilgrimage to S. Simeon Stellita to worship sacred things there tooke it for a greate happines blessing to bring froÌ„ thence any litle peece Nicen. Concil 2. Theod. Hist Sanctorum Patrum in S. Simeone Euagr Hist Eccl. l. 1 c. 13. of a Thong cutt from his leather Coate and in Rome itselfe they thought it to be a greate protection to haue but a litle Image of him to stand at the entries of their houses as both the second Nicen Councell and Theodoret are ample witnesses Non solum confluebant qui nostram habitant Regionem sed Ismaelitae Persae Armenij qui sunt eis subiecti Iberos Homeritae qui illis sunt interiores Venerunt autem multi quoque qui habitant extrema Occidentis Hispani inquam Britanni Galli qui quod est
intermedium occupant De Italia enim superuacaneum est dicere Aiunt enim Romae quae est longè maxima eum fuisse adeo omnium sermone celebratum vt in officinarum omnibus vestibulis Porticibus ei paruas posuerint Imagines hinc sibi praesidium tutelam parantes Cum ergo venirent innumerabiles conabantur omnes contrectare ex pelliceis illis vestibus aliquam percipere benedictionem Where we see yet the Religion deuotiō not of Manuscr Antiq. Capgr in Vit. S. Cadoci Episcopi Martyris a few but many Britans then multi Britanni to goe so farre on Pilgrimage to holy parsons places and Reliks among those our glorious Monke Abbot Bishop and Martyr S. Cadocus went thrise on Pilgrimage to Hierusalem seuen times to Rome and to these Reliks of S. Andrew in Scotland staying preaching there seuen yeares as is also before remembred THE XXVII CHAPTER OF MANY RENOWNED ARCHBISHOPS OF all our Archiepiscopall Sees heare many other learned and holy Bishops and Apostolike men heare in this time and their Religion the Catholike Religion 1. WE reade in this time there was a learned Bishop or as Trithemius stileth him Archbishop of the Scots called Hildebertus Tutor and Instructor of that renowned learned Father of this Nation Caelius Sedulius Sedulius Hildeberti Scotorum Archiepiscopi ab ineunte aetate Discipulus Io. Trithem l. de Script Eccl. in Sedulio Ioa. Bal. lib. de Scrit Britan. in Caelio Sedulio Others giue him onely the Title a very learned Bishop of the Scots Hildebertus eruditus Scotorum Praesul But if we vnderstand this in that common sence and meaning as Bishops and Archbishops of places are taken and vnderstood that Hildebertus should be Archbishop of any See or Citie among the Scots sainct Palladius being by all Antiquities set downe to be their first Archbishop excepting the Archbishops Hildebertus the learned Tutor of Caelius Sedulus probably Archbishop of Yorke of Yorke and he sent by Papall and extraordinary Authoritie as Apostle to that Nation I dare not ioyne with them further in opiniō herein then say he was in this Age one of our Archbishops of Yorke and by that right Title Archbishop of all Scots or whatsoeuer Christian people in the North parts and Ilands of this kingdome Britaine vnder that Archiepiscopall Iurisdiction by Pope Eleutherius first order and Institution 2. Which I may further confirme by the authoritie of all them which call him Archbishop of the Scots they also teaching that he was Instructor of Author apud Bellarm. lib. de Script in Sedul Io. Trithem in Caelio Sedul Bal. in eod cent 1. Iodoc. Cocc in Catal. Scriptor Sedulius in his yoūger yeares à tenera aetate and those that write of Sedulius the time wherein he florished and died some place his deth vnder Cōstantius sonne to Constantin the Greate some in the 430. yeare of Christ others in the yeare 460. by none of these Accompts could Hildebertus be otherwise called Archbishop of the Scots then in that meaning I haue deliuered At the time of the first accompt the Scots were not in this kingdome as I haue made manifest before and before Hildebertus could be Tutor to Sedulius by either of the later reckonings the Scots were probably driuen out of Britaine by Maximus about the yeare 379. when Sedulius being long time Scholler to this Bishop must needs be old in the 430. of Christ and much older neare an hundred yeares old if he liued vnto the yeare 460. yet he is not by any Writer noted for an old man We cannot say that this Hildebertus was Archbishop of the Scots in Ireland for although diuers hold that diuers of the Scotish Irish had receaued the faith of Christ before saint Palladius or S. Patrike were sent vnto that Nation by Pope Celestine yet it is made plaine by the old Writer of the life of sainct Modwenna and others that at the comming of sainct Patrike thither the Irish people there were eyther Pagans for the most part or not well instructed in Christiā Religiō gentes illae partim Paganicis erroribus M. S. Antiq. de vit S. Modeuen Virg. Capgrau Catal. in eadem inuolutae partim fidem nondum plenè intelligebant Which could not be probably truely said of any Nation hauing so learned an Archbishop as Hildebertus is proued to haue bene with other Bishops Preists and Cleargie men as that greate dignitie inferreth and bringeth with it And the Antiquaries not onely of this but other Nations agree that sainct Palladius was the first Archbishop or rather Bishop that was euer sent into Ireland in the time of Pope Io. Trithem l. de Script Eccl. fol. 26. in Pallado Celestine and by him long after this Age Palladius Britannorum seu Scotorum Insulae Hiberniensis à Caelestino Papa primus ordinatus Episcopus Where Trithemius calleth him the first Bishop no Archbishop of that people yet he confesseth that sainct Patrike was immediatly after by the same Pope made Archbishop there Post quem sanctus Patricius genere Brittus à sancto Caelestino Papa consecratus in Archiepiscopum Hiberniensem 3. I doe not find the names of any others either certainely or probably remenbred in Histories to haue bene Archbishops of Yorke in this Age except Archbishops of London in this time Taurinus spoaken of before did in the beginning thereof supply that place of dignitie there The names of the Archbishops of Londō haue bene better preserued amōg which in this Cētenary of yeares we finde first S. Stephē commonly Will Harrison descript of Engl. Stowe Hist in Lucius Godwin Catal. of Bishop London Harris Hist Manuscr l. 4. cap. 7. by our Protestant Antiquaries accounpted the seuenth Archbishop there to which some Catholike Historians as M. Harris in his Manuscript History seemeth to agree But seeing I haue proued S. Augulus our holy Archbishop Martyr whom they passe ouer to haue bene Archbishop there ioyning with Theanus Eluanus Cadar Obinus Conā Palladius all which they place reckō before Stephē there be foūd seuen Archbishops there before him and he cannot be the seuenth but the eight in that See Next to Stephē they accoumpt in this Age Iltut or Iltuta after him Restitutus which was at the Councell of Arles spoken of before then Dedwyn Theodwyn Tadwyne Tatwyne or Tacwyne then Thedred Tidred or Theodred An old Manuscr Hist Gallic an 427. Gennad in Catal honor ib. Philip. Berg. Hist Io. Trith l. de Script Eccl. in Fastidio French Manuscript History testifieth that one named Gouncelyn was Archbishop of London about this time And whereas both Gennadius Honorius Philippus Bergomensis Trithemius and other strangers tell vs that Fastidius about this time was a Brittish Bishop very learned a deuoute and worthie both Preacher and Writer and therefore by them registred among the holy Writers of his time Fastidius Episcopus Britannorum in Scripturis sacris eruditus verbi Dei Praedicator
it is from freewill or in the Lawe and Doctrine 8. That the grace of God is giuen according to our owne meritts 9. That men caÌ„not be called the children of God except they be alltogether without all sinne 10. And that it is not freewill if it wanteth the help of God because euery one hath in his owne will to doe any thing or not to doe it 11. That our Victory is not from the help of God but from free will 12. That to them which seeke pardon pardon is not giuen according to the grace and mercie of God but according to the merits and labour of them which by penance are worthie of mercy 4. S. Augustin in diuers places speaketh of this Councell and setteth downe Aug. l. Epist Epist 106. l. 2. Retract c. 47. l. 2. de pecc orig contr Pelag. Celsum c. 11. Aug. Hier. apud Baron ann 415. Binius to 1. Conc. Annot. in Conc. Diospolit Hilar. Epist ad Aug. inter Ep. Aug. Epist 88. Aug. l. de Haeres Haer. 88. these very Articles whereof Pelagius was charged and recanted by Pelagius though disseÌ„blingly for feare as appeared by him afterward Haec omnia Pelagius sic Anathematizauit So doe diuers others and add more errors which he held as that before Christ man was without sinne Prayer is not necessary Man is able by the Power of freewill not onely not to sinne but not to be tempted That women ought to sing in the Church That all men ought to be cloathed as Monkes S. Augustine addeth That man might not sweare at all Non debere iurare omnino The life of iust men in this life to be altogether without sinne And that the Church of Christ in this world consisteth of such Vitam iustorum in hoc saeculo nullum omnino habere peccatum ex his Ecclesiam Christi in hac mortalitate perfici He denied that the Church should offer prayers eyther for Infidels and such as resist the doctrine of God that they might be conuerted vnto him or for the faithfull that their faith might be encreased and they perseuer in it Destruunt orationes quas facit Ecclesia siue pro Infidelibus doctrinae Dei resistentibus vt conuertantur ad Deum siue pro fidelibus vt augeatur eis fides perseuerent in ea Their wicked grownd whereof was this because he held that men receaue not these things from God but haue them of themselues and that the grace of God by which we are deliuered Hect. Boeth l. 9. Scotor Hist fol. 179. Hollinsh Hist of Scotl. in eod 52. Reg. Buch. in eod Henric. Hunting Hist l. 3. August l. 3. contra Pelagian fere in initio c. 1. from impietie is giuen by our owne merits Haec quippe non ab ipso Deo accipere sed à seipsis homines habere contendunt gratiam Dei qua liberamur ab impietate dicentes secundum merita nostra dari 5. From which wicked and damned Heresie he also denied the vertue and necessitie of holy Sacraments aswell Baptisme as the rest as is euident in our Brittish Pelagian Hereticks sprung from him and particularly denying the Sacrament of Confession to a Preist and Penance as our Historians testifie in King Frequard of Scotland sonne of Eugenius diuers Brittish Preists therevpon noted and condemned of Pelagian Heresie Thus Pelagius at the least before his falle as S. Augustine testifieth was both a learned and holy man and his workes especially vpon S. Paules Epistles much commeÌ„ded Legi Pelagij quaedam scripta viri vt audio sancti non paruo profectu Christiani quae in Paâ—â—â— Apostoli Epistolas Expositiones brcuissimas continereÌ„t And writeth further that he was casta vita moribusque laudabilis Of a chaste life and laudable conuersation of life and doubted not to doe as Christ commanded the ritch man requesting counsaile to obtaine eternall life saying he had fulfilled all August supr lib. 2. cap. 16. Hier. in Praef. l. 3. in Hieren Isodor Pelusiot Epist 314. August l. de peccat Origin c. 5. 6. lib. 2. cont Pelag. c. â— de peccat Orig. c. 8. 22. Epist 157. Prosper contr Colâ—â—t Caelestin Epist ad Episc Galliae Gomad de Eccl. Dogm Possid in vit S. Aug. c. 18. Marian. Scot. aet 6. l. 2. an 419. Martin Polon Supput an 413. Matth. Westm an 415. Bal. l. de Script Brit. cent 1. in Pelagio Haeresiarca Gennad Honor de Script Bal. sup Io. Pits aetat 5. de vir Illustr Brit. in not pag. 84. Bed Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 10. Matth. Westm Chron. an 404. the commandements of the Lawe that he should sell all he had and giue it to the poore and traÌ„sferre his Treasure into heaueÌ„ Yet to free our Kingdome now England and Wales also of giuing life to such a man S. Hierome saith he was by Nation a Scot progeniem haberet Scoticae gentis and a voluptuous MoÌ„ke voluptuosus Monachus as Isidorus Pelusiota noteth Both which may be reconciled if we say he was borne among the Scots and bredd in our greate Monastery of Banger in Britaine and there longe time an holy Monke but after falling both into Heresie and lewdenes of life he was often condemned both by the Popes of Rome S. Innocentius and others and in diuers Councels in Asia Afrike and Europe whither he had spredd his Heresies and not perfectly in him some times teaching and maintaining other whiles excusing or denying them vntill in the time of Pope Zosimus about the yeare of Christ 418. being by him finally condemned both he and his followers were driuen into Exile by Honorius the Emperour And that Heresie condemned in all the worlde Concilio apud Carthaginem habito 214. eo amplius Episcoporum ad Papam Zosimum Sinodi Decreta perlata sunt quibus probatis per totum mundum Haeresis Pelagiana damnata est 6. Yet after this it arose againe euen in Britaine and was then and there condemned by Pope Celestine and his Legats as now it was by Pope Zosimus and the remembred Councell of aboue 214. Bishops approued by him and by other Councels which some Writers euen of this Nation and Protetestants terme generall Councels Condemnatus per Episcopos in Ephesino Carthaginensi Milleuitano Concilijs generalibus Before his Heresie he wrote many Workes agreeing with Catholike doctrine and for them 25. in nuÌ„ber as they are recompted by some is placed by them among Catholike Writers euen those of Britaine his owne Countrie which in the first beginning of his falling into Heresie did so detest and abhore it not hauing bene infected with Heresie before that time that it presently by some Authors bannished him from hence Vt videtur Britones Pelagium eiusque sequaces in exilium eiecerunt ipsis mali principijs maturè occurrentes Which seemeth to be confirmed by sainct Bede and others testifying how in a very short time he spred his errors very farre venena suae perfidiae