the_o light_a because_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n that_o good_n be_v liable_a only_o to_o contribution_n when_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v safe_a to_o the_o port._n item_n contribution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o pilot_n fee_n pilot_n contribution_n for_o pilot_n that_o have_v bring_v the_o ship_n into_o a_o unknown_a port_n for_o her_o safeguard_n as_o also_o to_o raise_v she_o off_o ground_n when_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o in_o the_o master_n so_o be_v it_o when_o two_o ship_n rush_v and_o cross_v one_o over_o another_o and_o the_o company_n swear_v that_o it_o lay_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o stay_v the_o same_o contribution_n must_v be_v make_v for_o the_o reparation_n of_o both_o their_o loss_n but_o not_o so_o if_o one_o of_o they_o perish_v for_o which_o a_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o negligent_a master_n or_o mariner_n who_o do_v make_v she_o loose_v and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o chance_n do_v happen_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o a_o ship_n under_o sail_n against_o a_o ship_n ride_v at_o anchor_n then_o the_o master_n of_o that_o sail_a ship_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o damage_n and_o hurt_v of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o uttermost_a and_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v if_o in_o the_o night_n the_o ride_a ship_n do_v put_v forth_o fire_n and_o light_n or_o make_v any_o cry_v to_o forewarn_v the_o other_o it_o also_o appertain_v to_o this_o argument_n if_o some_o sort_n of_o good_n as_o salt_n or_o corn_n be_v lay_v on_o heap_n by_o diverse_a partner_n in_o one_o ship_n without_o distinction_n and_o that_o the_o master_n deliver_v to_o any_o of_o they_o their_o due_a measure_n and_o before_o the_o rest_n receive_v their_o measure_n the_o remain_a salt_n or_o corn_n wash_v or_o lose_v he_o that_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o be_v first_o serve_v enjoy_v it_o full_o without_o any_o contribution_n to_o the_o partner_n serve_v first_o come_v first_o serve_v because_o when_o these_o good_n be_v put_v into_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o master_n tanquam_fw-la in_o creditum_fw-la and_o so_o he_o be_v become_v owner_n as_o of_o money_n lend_v which_o man_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o redeliver_v in_o the_o self_n same_o piece_n but_o in_o value_n or_o such_o like_a coin_n except_o there_o be_v some_o condition_n pass_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v unto_o the_o master_n as_o a_o fault_n yet_o if_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o loss_n thereby_o will_v bring_v in_o this_o as_o a_o aueridge_n and_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o contribution_n it_o be_v unjust_a for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o master_n must_v of_o necessity_n deliver_v to_o one_o man_n before_o another_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o manner_n of_o execution_n for_o contribution_n otherwise_o call_v aueridge_n concern_v the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n mart._n letter_n of_o mart._n or_o contremart_n sive_fw-la ius_fw-la reprisaliarum_fw-la or_o letter_n of_o marque_n every_o one_o know_v that_o man_n have_v these_o commission_n or_o letter_n from_o their_o prince_n be_v very_o vigilant_a in_o all_o place_n to_o surprise_v merchant_n ship_n and_o good_n for_o in_o this_o one_o extremity_n do_v enforce_v another_o extremity_n when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v with_o robbery_n spoil_n and_o violence_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o man_n false_o profess_v friend_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o no_o petition_n intercession_n or_o travel_n can_v procure_v a_o man_n right_a but_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o one_o prince_n have_v open_a denial_n of_o justice_n or_o restitution_n of_o good_n can_v be_v have_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n nor_o of_o the_o prince_n himself_o who_o shall_v suppress_v injury_n and_o wrong_n then_o because_o such_o unjust_a deal_n do_v import_v just_a cause_n of_o hostility_n and_o warfare_n may_v these_o letter_n of_o mart_n be_v procure_v to_o the_o end_n man_n may_v have_v restitution_n or_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n especial_o because_o these_o proceed_n seem_v to_o denounce_v a_o war_n without_o any_o proclamation_n show_v unto_o other_o nation_n the_o like_a distasteful_a favour_n as_o they_o show_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v by_o custom_n reason_n and_o also_o by_o statute_n law_n in_o scotland_n and_o afterward_o in_o england_n the_o assuror_n therefore_o can_v be_v favour_v herein_o prince_n detainment_n of_o prince_n the_o next_o be_v arrest_n restraint_n and_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o other_o person_n happen_v both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n commit_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o also_o by_o private_a person_n both_o way_n dangerous_a ship_n privilege_a ship_n there_o be_v in_o all_o country_n privilege_a ship_n and_o boat_n serve_v the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o have_v great_a prerogative_n and_o be_v free_a of_o impost_n and_o custom_n and_o not_o subject_a to_o arrest_n therefore_o the_o assuror_n be_v not_o to_o care_v for_o they_o for_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o all_o ship_n be_v subject_a to_o this_o service_n upon_o command_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v their_o ship_n be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o sea-lawe_n therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v always_o require_v it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n to_o make_v a_o embargo_fw-mi upon_o all_o ship_n at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o west-india_n fleet_n or_o the_o carracke_n for_o the_o east-indies_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o other_o occasion_n whereby_o merchant_n ship_n be_v lade_v be_v much_o hinder_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v with_o wine_n oil_n raisin_n and_o such_o like_a perishable_a ware_n now_o if_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o good_n shall_v think_v that_o his_o ware_n do_v perish_v lie_v two_o or_o three_o month_n lade_v or_o if_o it_o be_v corn_n that_o may_v become_v hot_a and_o spoil_v he_o may_v renounce_v these_o good_n or_o ware_n to_o the_o assuror_n and_o thereby_o bring_v a_o great_a loss_n upon_o they_o yet_o nevertheless_o he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o abandon_v the_o good_n for_o by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n it_o be_v always_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o misfortune_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o assurance_n a_o proviso_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n his_o factor_n or_o assign_n or_o his_o servant_n or_o any_o of_o they_o to_o sue_v labour_n and_o travel_v for_o in_o and_o about_o the_o defence_n safeguard_n or_o recovery_n of_o the_o good_n and_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v contribute_v each_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o sum_n by_o he_o assure_v so_o that_o albeit_o that_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o good_n be_v not_o utter_o lose_v when_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assure_a must_v recover_v his_o whole_a money_n 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at_o the_o least_o best_o able_a to_o examine_v the_o premise_n now_o concern_v the_o arrest_n of_o particular_a person_n ship_n arrest_n upon_o ship_n upon_o ship_n or_o good_n the_o assure_a can_v make_v no_o renunciation_n to_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o any_o loss_n either_o in_o the_o total_a or_o part_n because_o upon_o caution_n give_v to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o ship_n or_o good_n arrest_v be_v instant_o clear_v in_o all_o place_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o arrest_n be_v make_v wherein_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o all_o court_n for_o seafaring_a cause_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o see_v expedition_n use_v barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n can_v hardly_o be_v avoid_v master_n barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n but_o by_o a_o provident_a care_n to_o know_v they_o or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o master_n
other_o have_v mean_n more_o than_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o trade_n consider_v the_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n although_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la be_v want_v which_o by_o these_o mean_n will_v be_v supply_v and_o concern_v the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o several_a society_n it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o reconcile_v they_o by_o good_a order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o fish_n trade_n wherein_o all_o man_n of_o several_a company_n may_v participate_v and_o the_o general_a good_a be_v always_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o particular_a and_o that_o society_n which_o be_v against_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v or_o continue_v for_o any_o private_a respect_n answer_n answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n that_o other_o nation_n be_v more_o painful_a and_o industrious_a and_o have_v more_o skill_n in_o the_o cut_n salt_a and_o pack_v of_o fish_n and_o pay_v no_o freight_n for_o the_o transportation_n of_o their_o fish_n suppose_v it_o be_v so_o as_o you_o say_v for_o the_o present_a yet_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v amend_v by_o use_n and_o custom_n see_v our_o people_n can_v endure_v all_o climate_n and_o hardiness_n as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o by_o good_a order_n and_o gain_n may_v be_v allure_v to_o undertake_v labour_n and_o pain_n when_o want_n breed_v industry_n and_o gain_n be_v like_o a_o second_o life_n the_o manage_n to_o make_v fish_n more_o merchantable_a and_o vendible_a may_v be_v learn_v of_o other_o in_o time_n and_o for_o wage_n man_n will_v be_v procure_v that_o shall_v teach_v other_o we_o know_v that_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a omne_fw-la principium_fw-la grave_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v touch_v the_o freight_n of_o ship_v which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n may_v be_v have_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o the_o coast_n town_n of_o england_n be_v make_v and_o appropriate_v to_o be_v the_o warehouse_n or_o megasin_n for_o the_o gross_a commodity_n of_o those_o country_n where_o the_o herring_n be_v sell_v for_o the_o situation_n of_o england_n be_v far_o more_o commodious_a to_o send_v away_o the_o say_a commodity_n for_o all_o other_o country_n and_o in_o diverse_a place_n at_o all_o time_n and_o season_n of_o the_o year_n when_o their_o country_n be_v freeze_v for_o many_o month_n together_o or_o want_v many_o time_n wind_n and_o weather_n to_o perform_v their_o voyage_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o hamburger_n can_v not_o convenient_o continue_v their_o fish_n trade_n as_o be_v allege_v have_v answer_v sufficient_o as_o i_o hope_v the_o two_o main_a objection_n against_o the_o fish_n trade_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v the_o benefit_n of_o it_o by_o the_o calculation_n make_v by_o the_o say_a gentleman_n now_o to_o show_v true_o say_v he_o what_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o buss_n will_v be_v with_o all_o her_o furniture_n as_o mast_n buss_n the_o whole_a charge_n of_o a_o buss_n sail_n anchor_n cable_n and_o with_o all_o her_o fisher_n implement_n and_o appurtenance_n at_o the_o first_o provide_v all_o new_a be_v a_o great_a charge_n she_o be_v between_o 30_o and_o 40_o last_o will_v cost_v five_o hundred_o pound_n and_o may_v continue_v 20_o year_n with_o small_a cost_n and_o reparation_n but_o the_o yeâ—rely_o slight_a and_o wear_v of_o her_o tackle_n and_o war-rope_n with_o her_o net_n will_v cost_v 80_o pound_n and_o the_o whole_a charge_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o she_o at_o sea_n for_o the_o whole_a summer_n or_o three_o voyage_n for_o the_o fill_n of_o a_o hundred_o last_o of_o cask_n or_o barrel_n 100_o last_o of_o barrel_n 72_o will_v for_o salt_n 4_o month_n 88_o will_v beer_n 4_o month_n 42_o will_v for_o bread_n 4_o month_n 21_o will_v bacon_n and_o butter_n 18_o will_v for_o pease_n and_o billet_n 6_o will_v for_o man_n wage_n 4_o month_n 88_o will_v 335_o will_v a_o hundred_o last_o of_o barrel_n fill_v and_o sell_v at_o 10_o pound_n the_o last_o be_v 1000_o will_v 0_o 0_o the_o charge_n deduct_v 335_o 0_o 0_o get_v 665_o 0_o 0_o here_o say_v he_o plain_o appear_v buss_n the_o profit_n of_o one_o buss_n that_o there_o be_v get_v 665_o pound_n in_o one_o summer_n whereof_o if_o that_o you_o do_v deduct_v one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o the_o wear_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o reparation_n of_o her_o net_n against_o the_o next_o summer_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v 565_o will_v remain_v for_o clear_a gain_n by_o one_o bâ—sse_n in_o one_o year_n rate_v the_o herring_n sell_v but_o at_o ten_o pound_n the_o last_o which_o be_v common_o sell_v by_o the_o hollander_n at_o dansk_a for_o fifteen_o and_o twenty_o pound_n the_o charge_n of_o a_o pink_n of_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o last_o pink_n of_o â—_o pink_n make_v fifteen_o last_v of_o barrel_n fish_n he_o account_v according_o to_o cost_v 260_o will_v and_o the_o provision_n and_o wage_n to_o be_v for_o two_o month_n 57_o will_v and_o the_o last_o sell_v at_o 14_o will_v 8_o ss_z or_o 24_o ss_z the_o barrel_n there_o be_v rest_a gain_n for_o fifteen_o last_v of_o barrel_n fish_n 158_o will_v he_o have_v note_v moreover_o that_o beside_o the_o hollander_n the_o french_a man_n of_o picardy_n have_v also_o a_o hundred_o sail_n of_o fisherman_n only_o for_o herring_n on_o his_o majesty_n sea_n every_o year_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n and_o they_o be_v almost_o like_a unto_o buss_n but_o they_o have_v not_o any_o gager_n to_o come_v unto_o they_o but_o they_o do_v lade_v themselves_o and_o return_v home_o twice_o every_o year_n and_o find_v great_a profit_n by_o their_o make_n of_o two_o voyage_n yearly_a and_o hereupon_o he_o conclude_v with_o a_o exhortation_n to_o all_o noble_a trade_n exhortation_n for_o the_o fish_n trade_n worshipful_a and_o wealthy_a subject_n to_o put_v too_o their_o adventure_v and_o help_v hand_n for_o the_o speedy_a launch_n and_o float_v forward_o of_o this_o great_a good_a commonwealth_n business_n for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n with_o two_o principal_a pillar_n which_o be_v with_o plenty_n of_o coin_n bring_v in_o for_o fish_n and_o herring_n from_o foreign_a nation_n and_o also_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o mariner_n against_o all_o foreign_a invasion_n and_o for_o the_o better_n of_o trade_n and_o set_v of_o thousand_o of_o poor_a and_o idle_a people_n on_o work_n but_o now_o return_v to_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o fish_v wherein_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o albeit_o hunt_v hawk_v and_o fish_v be_v of_o one_o kind_n as_o subject_a to_o a_o like_a law_n and_o liberty_n because_o that_o any_o wild_a beast_n foul_a or_o fish_n be_v once_o take_v by_o any_o man_n common_o it_o become_v his_o own_o proper_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o these_o three_o and_o although_o hunt_v and_o hawk_v be_v almost_o every_o where_o lawful_a yet_o fish_v be_v forbid_v in_o other_o man_n pond_n stanke_n and_o lake_n as_o comparable_a unto_o theft_n statute_n law_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n concern_v fish_v the_o several_a statute_n of_o these_o kingdom_n have_v establish_v good_a order_n concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n whereunto_o relation_n may_v be_v have_v contain_v in_o substance_n the_o ordinance_n to_o build_v ship_n and_o boat_n and_o appoint_v of_o certain_a time_n for_o fish_v and_o then_o only_o to_o fish_n upon_o pain_n not_o only_o of_o forfeiture_n and_o fine_n but_o death_n also_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o offence_n make_v and_o contempt_n of_o those_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n prohibit_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o fish_n the_o make_v set_v and_o use_v of_o crow_n yarre_n dam_n ditch_n tramlet_n parking_n dyke_n in_o any_o water_n where_o the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o albeit_o some_o be_v permit_v to_o lay_v net_n and_o to_o make_v wear_v yet_o must_v he_o keep_v the_o saturdays_n slop_n that_o be_v to_o lift_v the_o same_o from_o saturday_n in_o the_o afternoon_n until_o monday_n and_o he_o be_v to_o make_v each_o space_n or_o mesh_n of_o his_o net_n three_o ynche_n wide_a except_o for_o take_v of_o smelt_n and_o other_o fish_n which_o will_v never_o be_v big_a and_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o water_n that_o the_o midstreame_a may_v have_v the_o space_n of_o six_o foot_n wide_a upon_o pain_n of_o five_o pound_n fisher_n the_o privilege_n of_o fisher_n and_o concern_v the_o fisher_n safety_n and_o privilege_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o ship_n sail_v to_o catch_v herring_n shall_v during_o the_o take_n of_o they_o let_v down_o sail_v after_o daylight_n be_v past_a and_o let_v their_o anchor_n fall_v and_o keep_v watch_n with_o lantern_n and_o light_n until_o the_o day_n light_n appear_v lest_o otherwise_o the_o poor_a fisher_n shall_v be_v
portage_n be_v bring_v in_o he_o shall_v only_o have_v the_o freight_n of_o so_o much_o good_n if_o a_o ship_n pass_v further_o than_o the_o mariner_n be_v hire_v his_o hire_n shall_v be_v according_o augment_v except_o he_o be_v hire_v a_o mareage_n mais_fw-fr non_fw-fr a_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr as_o the_o french_a man_n speak_v or_o by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o the_o year_n if_o a_o mariner_n run_v away_o with_o his_o hire_n undeserued_a he_o deserve_v the_o gallow_n if_o a_o mariner_n be_v hire_v for_o a_o simple_a mariner_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o voyage_n find_v hire_v to_o be_v a_o pilot_n or_o a_o master_n he_o may_v pass_v restore_v his_o former_a hire_n and_o so_o it_o be_v if_o he_o marry_v mariner_n be_v not_o only_o to_o discharge_v and_o deliver_v good_n out_o of_o the_o ship_n but_o also_o if_o no_o porter_n or_o carrier_n be_v in_o those_o part_n to_o carry_v the_o same_o themselves_o for_o such_o hire_n as_o other_o workman_n shall_v have_v have_v therefore_o if_o it_o happen_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v prise_v for_o debt_n or_o otherwise_o to_o be_v forfeit_v yet_o the_o mariner_n hire_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o if_o she_o prosper_v to_o receive_v their_o pay_n in_o the_o same_o money_n that_o the_o freight_n be_v pay_v with_o last_o a_o mariner_n shall_v neither_o be_v arrest_v nor_o take_v forth_o of_o a_o ship_n make_v ready_a to_o sail_v for_o any_o debt_n but_o only_o his_o hire_n and_o as_o much_o other_o good_n as_o he_o have_v in_o the_o ship_n may_v be_v arrest_v for_o it_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o the_o master_n to_o be_v answerable_a for_o all_o because_o the_o ship_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o man_n dwell_v house_n which_o be_v his_o sure_a refuge_n by_o the_o law_n except_o it_o be_v for_o a_o swear_a debt_n or_o a_o penalty_n to_o the_o king_n through_o some_o crime_n chap._n xxiiii_o of_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o same_o claudius_n caesar_n the_o five_o roman_a emperor_n by_o succession_n of_o government_n from_o julius_n caesar_n who_o be_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n bear_v under_o augustus_n and_o the_o first_o persecution_n of_o christian_n be_v under_o tiberius_n sâ—etonius_n sâ—etonius_n and_o the_o second_o more_o cruel_a under_o caligula_n who_o claudius_n do_v immediate_o succeed_v this_o claudius_n do_v bring_v in_o this_o most_o laudable_a custom_n of_o assurance_n whereby_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o good_n be_v divide_v repart_v and_o bear_v by_o many_o person_n consent_v and_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o what_o part_n every_o man_n will_v be_v content_v to_o assure_v make_v good_a and_o pay_v if_o any_o loss_n or_o casualty_n shall_v happen_v to_o the_o good_n adventure_v or_o to_o be_v adventure_v at_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o land_n to_o the_o end_n that_o merchant_n may_v enlarge_v and_o augment_v their_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o not_o adventure_v all_o in_o one_o bottom_n to_o their_o loss_n and_o overthrow_n but_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v repart_v and_o answer_v for_o by_o many_o this_o custom_n come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o oleron_n be_v record_v and_o by_o they_o set_v down_o for_o a_o law_n and_o practise_v to_o be_v observe_v through_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n town_n of_o france_n and_o yet_o be_v first_o use_v in_o england_n and_o after_o we_o imitate_v by_o the_o antuerpians_n and_o all_o other_o nation_n there_o inhabit_v when_o that_o city_n do_v flourish_v and_o whereas_o here_o in_o london_n merchant_n lombardstreet_n than_o the_o exchange_n of_o merchant_n the_o meeting_n among_o merchant_n be_v in_o lombardstreet_n in_o london_n as_o aforesaid_a so_o call_v because_o certain_a italian_n out_o of_o lombardie_n keep_v there_o a_o pawne-house_n or_o lombard_n long_o before_o the_o royal_a exchange_n be_v build_v by_o sir_n thomas_n gresham_n knight_n all_o the_o policy_n or_o writing_n of_o assurance_n which_o then_o be_v and_o now_o yet_o be_v make_v do_v make_v mention_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o all_o thing_n concern_v the_o say_a assurance_n as_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v in_o lombard_n street_n in_o london_n which_o be_v imitate_v also_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o low-countries_n these_o assurance_n be_v make_v in_o the_o say_a office_n in_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o say_v royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n which_o be_v of_o several_a nature_n as_o follow_v and_o at_o diverse_a and_o several_a rate_n the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o say_a assurance_n be_v choose_v yearly_a or_o at_o the_o least_o some_o of_o they_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o year_n and_o at_o rouen_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n choose_v their_o prior_n and_o consul_n the_o chief_a authority_n with_o we_o do_v rest_n in_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n confirm_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n as_o you_o may_v understand_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n for_o assurance_n for_o the_o obtain_n whereof_o i_o have_v sundry_a time_n attend_v the_o committee_n of_o the_o say_a parliament_n by_o who_o mean_n the_o same_o be_v enact_v not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n because_o there_o be_v many_o suit_n in_o law_n by_o action_n of_o assumpsit_fw-la before_o that_o time_n upon_o matteâ—s_n determine_v by_o the_o commissioner_n for_o assurance_n who_o for_o want_v of_o power_n and_o authority_n can_v not_o compel_v contentious_a person_n to_o perform_v their_o ordinance_n and_o the_o party_n die_v the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v account_v to_o be_v void_a in_o law_n the_o nature_n of_o assurance_n the_o nature_n of_o assurance_n be_v either_o upon_o good_n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v outward_o in_o such_o a_o ship_n bind_v from_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o place_n as_o for_o example_n from_o london_n to_o saint_n lucar_n upon_o perpetuanoes_n or_o corne_n until_o it_o be_v lay_v on_o shore_n at_o seville_n which_o adventure_n be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o small_a ship_n lighter_n or_o boat_n whereby_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o city_n of_o seville_n until_o land_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o ship_n whereby_o the_o say_v perpetuanoes_n or_o corne_n be_v transport_v from_o london_n to_o say_fw-ge lucar_n and_o any_o damage_n either_o total_o or_o in_o part_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o assuror_n according_o and_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la that_o every_o man_n have_v subscribe_v in_o the_o policy_n or_o writing_n of_o assurance_n as_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o assurance_n shall_v be_v set_v down_o other_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o good_n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v homeward_o in_o such_o a_o ship_n under_o such_o a_o mark_n the_o master_n name_n and_o any_o other_o circumstance_n whereby_o the_o say_v good_n or_o commodity_n may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v assure_v as_o lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v by_o such_o a_o man_n in_o such_o a_o place_n about_o such_o a_o time_n etc._n etc._n which_o if_o it_o be_v in_o any_o ship_n that_o be_v freight_v outward_o may_v be_v better_o specify_v or_o if_o it_o be_v by_o letter_n of_o advice_n it_o may_v be_v describe_v according_o which_o adventure_n may_v also_o run_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o say_v good_n posito_fw-la oil_n of_o vtrera_n be_v lade_v into_o any_o vessel_n light_a or_o boat_n to_o come_v down_o the_o river_n to_o say_fw-ge lucar_n to_o be_v lade_v in_o such_o a_o ship_n or_o any_o ship_n neither_o name_v the_o ship_n nor_o master_n unto_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o say_a oil_n there_o lay_v on_o land_n but_o to_o declare_v that_o the_o pipe_n be_v mark_v with_o such_o a_o mark_n to_o be_v lade_v by_o such_o a_o man_n do_v much_o strengthen_v the_o say_a assurance_n to_o avoid_v cavillation_n doubt_n or_o controversy_n other_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o good_n lade_v in_o a_o ship_n for_o a_o certain_a place_n which_o ship_n be_v freight_v go_v and_o come_v as_o for_o turkey_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n bind_v to_o go_v into_o several_a port_n to_o discharge_v part_n of_o the_o lade_n in_o one_o place_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o another_o place_n and_o then_o to_o lade_v again_o homeward_o in_o such_o another_o place_n and_o all_o this_o assurance_n be_v one_o entire_a assurance_n until_o the_o ship_n be_v return_v home_o and_o the_o good_n safe_o receive_v on_o land_n other_o assurance_n be_v make_v upon_o good_n to_o be_v send_v or_o lade_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o provenue_n thereof_o as_o from_o lixborne_a to_o brasile_n and_o back_o again_o to_o lixborne_n or_o from_o saint_n lucar_n to_o the_o west-indies_n santo_n
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n obedience_n obedience_n the_o law_n bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n and_o obedience_n and_o punishment_n for_o indeed_o no_o man_n may_v break_v they_o no_o man_n may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o and_o last_o no_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o but_o according_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o judex_n be_v take_v à _fw-la iudicio_fw-la non_fw-la iudicium_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la and_o more_o especial_o because_o this_o book_n as_o you_o may_v find_v be_v more_o exact_o calculate_v as_o the_o prognosticator_n say_v for_o the_o meridian_n of_o england_n howbeit_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o all_o other_o country_n and_o place_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n of_o the_o common-lawe_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v take_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n 1_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n dissever_v from_o all_o other_o law_n student_n the_o treatise_n of_o doctor_n and_o student_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o common-law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n great_a be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n for_o we_o find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o domination_n over_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n wilreshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o also_o the_o same_o law_n be_v use_v among_o the_o saxon_n which_o rule_v marshland_n and_o medland_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o lincoln_n northhampton_n rutland_n huntingdon_n bedford_n oxford_n buckingham_z cheshire_n derby_n nottingham_n and_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n of_o gloucester_n warwick_n hereford_n and_o shropshire_n at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v with_o diverse_a nation_n namely_o pict_n scot_n dane_n norman_n vandal_n and_o germane_a all_o which_o have_v continue_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n until_o the_o time_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o conquer_v the_o same_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o land_n and_o cause_v among_o other_o law_n the_o dane_n law_n to_o be_v collect_v which_o rule_v in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o a_o discreet_a view_n to_o be_v take_v of_o sundry_a law_n whereunto_o he_o do_v add_v some_o of_o his_o norman_a law_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n now_o call_v england_n in_o so_o much_o that_o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v long_o before_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n first_o government_n christum_fw-la annâ—_n 1198_o aunt_n christum_fw-la nay_o by_o the_o briton_n themselves_o which_o be_v one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o eight_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v now_o in_o 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the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o 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principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a 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coelo_fw-la the_o rather_o for_o that_o so_o many_o good_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v make_v long_o since_o concern_v the_o same_o when_o the_o staple_n of_o our_o commodity_n do_v flourish_v both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 1622._o the_o maintenance_n of_o â—ree_a trade_n anno_fw-la 1622._o and_o have_v of_o late_o publish_v ten_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o examine_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o say_a point_n 1_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o overualuation_n consequent_o of_o foreign_a coin_n unto_o we_o which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n 2_o usury_n politic_a practise_v by_o many_o and_o abandon_v trade_n 3_o the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n 4_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n preoccupy_v by_o other_o nation_n 5_o 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litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n the_o say_a mayor_n and_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v authority_n to_o determine_v they_o with_o all_o expedition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o difference_n between_o a_o stapler_n and_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n there_o be_v two_o merchant_n stranger_n admit_v and_o join_v with_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n to_o determine_v the_o same_o and_o that_o with_o a_o present_a execution_n without_o delay_n especial_o upon_o a_o statute_n staple_n acknowledge_v before_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n as_o aforesaid_a 4_o the_o fish_n trade_n be_v not_o preoccupy_v by_o foreign_a nation_n as_o it_o have_v be_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n as_o have_v be_v note_v albeit_o such_o ship_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o fish_n in_o the_o king_n sea_n and_o dominion_n pay_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o ton_n burden_n which_o be_v now_o eighteen_o penny_n and_o this_o trade_n may_v be_v establish_v with_o we_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o several_a society_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n russia_n and_o eastland_n merchant_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o england_n can_v maintain_v the_o same_o and_o the_o cloth_n trade_n together_o as_o they_o have_v certify_v 5_o the_o indrape_n of_o wool_n or_o make_v of_o cloth_n be_v of_o late_a much_o increase_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o less_o cloth_n make_v with_o we_o may_v give_v the_o better_a mean_n to_o establish_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o aforesaid_a 6_o the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n of_o several_a country_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v withal_o as_o the_o stapler_n do_v in_o time_n past_a look_v to_o the_o sale_n both_o of_o wool_n and_o all_o other_o staple_n commodity_n and_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a in_o price_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a ware_n with_o our_o native_a commodity_n 7_o to_o prevent_v the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o at_o these_o staple_n merchant_n good_n be_v always_o diligent_o and_o careful_o view_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o corrector_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o staple_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o good_n exported_a may_v be_v answerable_a in_o goodness_n to_o their_o expectation_n upon_o the_o view_n require_v whereby_o this_o staple_n trade_n continue_v without_o any_o interruption_n for_o they_o be_v the_o sole_a merchant_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o competitor_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o at_o which_o time_n certain_a mariner_n and_o mercer_n of_o london_n use_v to_o barter_n english_a clothes_n in_o holland_n zealand_n brabant_n and_o other_o place_n have_v by_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o a_o governor_n set_v over_o they_o only_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v their_o controversy_n and_o to_o punish_v their_o misdemeanour_n with_o licence_n that_o they_o may_v congregate_v themselves_o for_o that_o
it_o be_v whereby_o other_o nation_n have_v still_o a_o advantage_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n such_o be_v the_o sincerity_n and_o candour_n animi_fw-la among_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o plain_a deal_v concern_v the_o say_a billâ—_n obligatorie_n between_o man_n and_o man_n that_o no_o man_n dare_v presume_v to_o question_v his_o own_o hand_n for_o if_o he_o be_v stain_v therewith_o he_o be_v not_o only_o utter_o discredit_v but_o also_o detest_v of_o all_o merchant_n the_o form_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v as_o follow_v only_o mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la form_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n i_o a._n b._n merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n do_v acknowledge_v by_o these_o present_n to_o be_v true_o indebt_v to_o the_o honest_a c._n d._n english_a merchant_n dwell_v at_o middleborough_n in_o the_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n which_o be_v for_o commodity_n receive_v of_o he_o to_o my_o contentment_n which_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o do_v promise_n to_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_a c.d._n or_o the_o bringer_n hereof_o within_o six_o month_n next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n in_o witness_n whereof_o i_o have_v subscribe_v the_o same_o at_o amsterdam_n the_o 10_o of_o julie_n 1622_o stilo_fw-it novo_fw-la a.b._n in_o the_o east_n country_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o will_v put_v a_o seal_n to_o it_o and_o then_o the_o word_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v go_v together_o but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o delivery_n or_o deed_n for_o that_o be_v understand_v of_o course_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o for_o want_v of_o payment_n the_o bill_n be_v put_v in_o suit_n and_o the_o party_n adiourn_v or_o cite_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n the_o judge_n make_v no_o doubt_n of_o any_o such_o matter_n will_v instant_o say_v to_o he_o my_o friend_n what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o you_o have_v not_o pay_v this_o your_o bill_n to_o c._n d_o for_o to_o deliver_v a_o write_n or_o a_o bill_n as_o a_o civilians_n a_o call_v apocha_n or_o apodissa_n by_o the_o civilians_n escroll_n as_o we_o say_v at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unknown_a unto_o all_o merchant_n there_o and_o the_o bringer_n of_o the_o bill_n call_v with_o we_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o without_o any_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o other_o warrant_n obligatoâ—ie_v especial_a note_n concering_n bill_n obligatoâ—ie_v the_o civilâ—_n law_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v require_v that_o the_o bill_n shall_v declare_v for_o what_o the_o debt_n grow_v either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o lawful_a consideration_n the_o word_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n be_v because_o that_o merchant_n for_o diverse_a respect_n tolerate_v common_o the_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n than_o they_o be_v value_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n and_o when_o the_o bill_n mention_v money_n it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v money_n at_o deposito_fw-la or_o interest_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o interest_n must_v be_v join_v with_o the_o principal_a sum_n without_o any_o specification_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v or_o distinguish_v because_o the_o debtor_n shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o his_o best_a opportunity_n and_o pleasure_n as_o may_v thereupon_o be_v do_v for_o money_n let_v for_o loan_n retain_v still_o the_o principal_a in_o his_o hand_n and_o pay_v the_o interest_n from_o time_n to_o time_n quarterly_a or_o half_a yearly_a for_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o accustom_a that_o although_o one_o hundred_v pound_n be_v take_v up_o for_o one_o whole_a year_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o the_o debtor_n or_o taker_n up_o of_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o same_o at_o three_o month_n if_o he_o will_v pay_v one_o hundred_v and_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n unless_o the_o bill_n make_v for_o the_o same_o be_v make_v paiable_a at_o a_o time_n limit_v with_o a_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n poena_n canonica_n which_o with_o we_o in_o england_n be_v do_v upon_o a_o bond_n with_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o half_a or_o double_a the_o sum_n of_o the_o principal_a wherewith_o the_o interest_n be_v also_o join_v without_o distinction_n which_o may_v not_o exceed_v the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n in_o the_o computation_n whereof_o diverse_a thing_n be_v to_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o now_o if_o a_o bill_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v do_v by_o two_o three_o or_o more_o person_n as_o have_v buy_v a_o commodity_n as_o partner_n together_o or_o take_v up_o money_n together_o at_o interest_n wherein_o they_o bound_v themselves_o all_o as_o principal_a party_n or_o debtor_n yet_o every_o man_n be_v but_o bind_v to_o pay_v his_o part_n obligatorie_n subscription_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n the_o like_a be_v if_o one_o be_v bind_v and_o two_o or_o more_o do_v put_v their_o hand_n and_o seal_v and_o underwrite_a and_o seal_v the_o say_a bill_n as_o principal_n yet_o pay_v their_o proportionable_a part_n they_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n but_o if_o they_o do_v simple_o subscribe_v and_o say_v we_o be_v surety_n than_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v for_o the_o whole_a as_o if_o the_o word_n we_o or_o either_o of_o we_o in_o solidum_fw-la be_v express_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o all_o notariall_a writing_n only_o use_v upon_o questionable_a matter_n decide_v or_o to_o be_v decide_v they_o do_v not_o only_o bind_v the_o party_n with_o these_o word_n but_o they_o do_v also_o make_v a_o declaration_n of_o all_o renuntiation_n of_o privilege_n be_v renunciation_n of_o privilege_n and_o what_o they_o be_v and_o especial_o of_o exceptio_fw-la divisionis_fw-la and_o then_o it_o be_v one_o for_o all_o exceptio_fw-la ordinis_fw-la &_o excus_fw-la sionis_fw-la be_v to_o meddle_v with_o the_o surety_n before_o the_o principal_a renounce_v the_o letter_n of_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n for_o the_o cession_n of_o good_n prolongation_n of_o payment_n vintage_n or_o free_a martes_fw-la all_o constitution_n canon_n privilege_n or_o statute_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v publish_v or_o enact_v and_o in_o these_o case_n the_o debtor_n be_v always_o to_o be_v bind_v with_o the_o surety_n in_o all_o act_n or_o instrument_n make_v before_o notary_n renounce_v also_o the_o benefit_n of_o senatus-consultus_a or_o arrest_v velle_fw-la joan_n for_o the_o prerogative_n of_o woman_n which_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o their_o husband_n do_v claim_v their_o portion_n bring_v in_o by_o they_o in_o marriage_n or_o their_o dower_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o may_v be_v allege_v or_o imagine_v in_o england_n bill_n obligatorie_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o party_n his_o heir_n executor_n administrator_n or_o assign_v may_v convenient_o be_v set_v over_o as_o aforesaid_a because_o the_o lawful_a assignee_n shall_v be_v of_o record_n and_o register_v also_o upon_o the_o bill_n and_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o more_o bind_v in_o a_o bill_n fraudulent_a deal_n will_v be_v also_o better_o prevent_v for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n rest_n acquittance_n to_o one_o discharge_v the_o rest_n if_o one_o do_v release_v one_o of_o his_o debtor_n by_o way_n of_o acquittance_n that_o be_v bind_v with_o other_o unto_o he_o they_o be_v all_o release_v and_o acquit_v thereby_o although_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_o pay_v of_o the_o debt_n insomuch_o that_o a_o receipt_n for_o parcel_n of_o the_o money_n receive_v of_o one_o of_o the_o debtor_n be_v make_v in_o full_a payment_n of_o his_o part_n only_o do_v nevertheless_o discharge_v they_o all_o as_o for_o example_n by_o woeful_a experience_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v three_o linen_n draper_n of_o london_n buy_v of_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n 40_o piece_n of_o fine_a holland_n cloth_n amount_v to_o 160_o will_v and_o give_v their_o joint_a bill_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o it_o at_o six_o month_n one_o of_o they_o become_v insoluent_a and_o be_v imprison_v make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o merchant_n for_o eight_o pound_n and_o thereupon_o have_v a_o general_a acquittance_n make_v to_o he_o only_o short_o after_o the_o other_o two_o linen_n draper_n be_v somewhat_o press_v for_o the_o payment_n and_o engage_v for_o the_o other_o they_o do_v plead_v the_o other_o man_n general_a acquittance_n which_o be_v but_o a_o receipt_n make_v of_o the_o say_v eight_o pound_n express_v that_o be_v be_v in_o full_a of_o his_o part_n and_o nevertheless_o upon_o
thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n whereunto_o be_v add_v the_o ancient_a custom_n heretofore_o pay_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o steele-yard_n or_o haunce-towne_n be_v 14_o penny_n so_o together_o 14_o ss_z 6_o d_o a_o cloth_n beside_o the_o overlength_n of_o 3_o d_o ¼_n the_o yard_n cloth_n the_o pretermitted_a custom_n of_o cloth_n which_o be_v of_o late_o comprise_v in_o the_o new_a imposition_n of_o the_o pretermitted_a custom_n for_o weigh_v of_o clothes_n at_o two_o penny_n the_o pound_n so_o that_o a_o short_a cloth_n pay_v in_o time_n past_o a_o noble_a and_o now_o ten_o shilling_n beside_o the_o overlength_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n after_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o pound_n all_o which_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n pay_v double_a also_o whereas_o of_o late_a year_n since_o the_o custom_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n all_o commodity_n as_o sugar_n spice_n raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o be_v weigh_v and_o thereupon_o the_o tarra_o for_o the_o cask_n or_o chest_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v cask_n allowance_n for_o tarra_o or_o cask_n and_o so_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v there_o aught_o good_a allowance_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o say_v tarra_o because_o many_o commodity_n be_v unlade_v and_o have_v take_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v the_o weight_n of_o their_o cask_n so_o that_o merchant_n pay_v many_o time_n custom_n for_o that_o which_o they_o have_v not_o by_o the_o strict_a deal_n of_o officer_n contrary_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n if_o they_o do_v not_o wary_o look_v to_o their_o affair_n wherein_o the_o officer_n may_v also_o be_v excuse_v now_o to_o conclude_v touch_v custom_n we_o must_v consider_v what_o they_o may_v amount_v unto_o upon_o the_o hundred_o according_a to_o which_o merchant_n be_v to_o cast_v up_o their_o account_n for_o benefit_n and_o loss_n as_o aforesaid_a custom_n custom_n the_o custom_n in_o england_n call_v parva_n custuma_n be_v three_o penny_n upon_o every_o pound_n that_o the_o commodity_n be_v rate_v in_o the_o custom_n book_n which_o be_v pay_v by_o merchant_n stranger_n now_o alter_v pay_v 6_o d._n subsidy_n subsidy_n the_o subsidy_n or_o poundage_n be_v pay_v by_o all_o merchant_n of_o what_o nation_n so_o ever_o which_o be_v 12_o do_v upon_o all_o commodity_n bring_v in_o and_o for_o cloth_n export_v 6_o ss_z 8_o d_o for_o english_a merchant_n and_o merchant_n stranger_n double_a imposition_n imposition_n the_o new_a imposition_n establish_v in_o the_o year_n 1608_o be_v also_o 12_o d_o upon_o all_o commodity_n import_v and_o upon_o some_o commodity_n export_v be_v limit_v so_o that_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n in_o england_n be_v 12_o ½_n upon_o the_o 100_o for_o merchant_n stranger_n beside_o but_o leridge_n or_o scavage_a almost_o one_o pro_fw-la cent_n more_o for_o good_n inward_a and_o for_o english_a merchant_n be_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o impost_n impost_n the_o impost_n of_o wine_n be_v limit_v upon_o the_o butt_n pipe_n or_o hogshead_n as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n with_o the_o composition_n money_n and_o other_o duty_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n they_o take_v after_o diverse_a rate_n for_o commodity_n some_o â—_o 10_o or_o â—_o â—â—_o and_o twenty_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o esteem_v to_o be_v one_o with_o another_o un_fw-fr quinto_fw-la or_o â—_o â—_o part_n or_o 20_o pro_fw-la cent_n with_o the_o alcavalla_fw-la take_v for_o brokeridge_n to_o sell_v they_o in_o barbary_n seven_o pro_fw-la cent_n alcavalla_fw-la alcavalla_fw-la aboard_o the_o turk_n take_v â…•_n part_n as_o the_o egyptian_n the_o venetian_n take_v 3_o 5_o 7_o and_z 10_o upon_o the_o hundred_o with_o great_a advisement_n and_o upon_o the_o manufacture_n of_o other_o nation_n 14_o 15_o and_o more_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o france_n to_o advance_v the_o handy_a craft_n man_n the_o great_a impost_n demand_v in_o the_o year_n 1604_o by_o philip_n the_o three_o king_n of_o spain_n of_o 30_o upon_o the_o 100_o of_o french_a english_a impost_n great_a impost_n and_o flanders_n commodity_n be_v soon_o abolish_v when_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o 4_o do_v the_o like_a for_o one_o extreme_a enforce_v another_o be_v of_o small_a continuance_n chap._n xxxvii_o of_o merchant_n wager_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n for_o as_o much_o as_o diverse_a civilians_n have_v entreat_v of_o this_o argument_n of_o merchant_n wager_n and_o make_v some_o treatise_n de_fw-fr sponsionibus_fw-la whereunder_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v comprise_v it_o may_v not_o be_v think_v impertinent_a to_o handle_v this_o subject_n brief_o and_o divide_o from_o merchant_n assurance_n already_o declare_v in_o his_o proper_a place_n the_o say_a civilians_n do_v distinguish_v these_o wager_n or_o sponsiones_fw-la to_o be_v threefold_a 1_o where_o a_o wager_n be_v lay_v with_o a_o pawn_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n 2_o where_o by_o way_n of_o stipulation_n some_o thing_n be_v give_v upon_o a_o wager_n 3_o where_o a_o thing_n deliver_v or_o by_o a_o covenant_n make_v with_o another_o person_n the_o same_o be_v promise_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o double_a treble_a and_o ten_o time_n the_o value_n thereof_o unto_o the_o party_n with_o who_o the_o wager_n be_v make_v if_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n or_o doubt_n do_v not_o take_v effect_n whereof_o many_o example_n may_v be_v give_v and_o declare_v namely_o the_o great_a wager_n between_o cleopatra_n queen_n of_o egypt_n wager_n example_n of_o wager_n and_o marc_n anthony_n for_o the_o great_a expense_n of_o a_o supper_n by_o dissolve_v the_o paragon_n pearl_n and_o drink_v the_o same_o as_o pliny_n report_v when_o lucius_n plancus_n be_v make_v judge_n of_o that_o wager_n and_o pronounce_v that_o anthony_n have_v lose_v that_o of_o cecinna_n whereof_o cicero_n make_v mention_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o ground_n take_v from_o he_o in_o hostile_a manner_n by_o eubusius_fw-la and_o restore_v again_o that_o such_o a_o cardinal_n shall_v be_v elect_v to_o be_v pope_n that_o such_o a_o king_n be_v dead_a and_o such_o a_o town_n be_v take_v in_o all_o which_o the_o wager_n be_v make_v by_o pawn_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o hereof_o be_v innumerable_a example_n hereupon_o they_o conclude_v that_o all_o wager_n lay_v must_v be_v for_o honest_a cause_n and_o as_o it_o be_v strive_v for_o virtuous_a action_n and_o that_o these_o by_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o wager_n wherein_o custom_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n law_n custom_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n even_o in_o the_o point_n of_o law_n which_o be_v considerable_a in_o all_o case_n by_o the_o long_a observation_n of_o they_o a_o wager_n be_v lay_v that_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n or_o the_o emperor_n or_o any_o other_o great_a personage_n shall_v die_v within_o the_o year_n unlawful_a lawful_a wager_n and_o unlawful_a be_v good_a in_o law_n but_o to_o lay_v wager_n as_o 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care_n must_v be_v have_v herein_o both_o by_o the_o party_n and_o scrivener_n which_o make_v the_o bond_n concern_v agreement_n to_o be_v make_v between_o bankrupt_n and_o their_o creditor_n there_o be_v a_o question_n make_v that_o if_o creditor_n do_v agree_v with_o their_o debtor_n for_o some_o part_n of_o their_o debt_n creditor_n agreement_n to_o be_v make_v between_o a_o bankrupt_a and_o his_o creditor_n because_o of_o the_o debtor_n loss_n and_o misfortune_n whether_o when_o the_o party_n be_v become_v rich_a again_o may_v revoke_v their_o agreement_n and_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v this_o question_n that_o if_o upon_o the_o agreement_n there_o be_v a_o acquittance_n make_v by_o the_o creditor_n than_o the_o same_o agreement_n be_v absolute_a and_o can_v be_v revoke_v unless_o the_o acquittance_n be_v conditional_a the_o great_a number_n or_o the_o great_a sum_n of_o the_o creditor_n be_v agree_v with_o the_o debtor_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v conformable_a with_o the_o 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chancery_n whereupon_o the_o bill_n of_o conformity_n be_v of_o late_a year_n use_v in_o the_o chancery_n which_o by_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1621._o be_v make_v void_a because_o of_o diverse_a great_a abuse_n commit_v in_o thedefence_n of_o bankrupt_n who_o to_o shelter_v themselves_o from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o common-lawe_n do_v prefer_v their_o bill_n of_o complaint_n in_o chancery_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o protection_n and_o the_o party_n break_v become_v to_o be_v relieve_v for_o easy_a composition_n with_o their_o creditor_n albeit_o at_o charge_n another_o way_n extraordinary_a now_o concern_v fugitive_a person_n be_v indebt_v if_o they_o be_v merchant_n they_o be_v take_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la to_o be_v decoctor_n or_o bankrupt_n merchant_n fugitive_n merchant_n for_o they_o in_o substance_n by_o their_o absence_n deny_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o their_o loss_n to_o their_o creditor_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v if_o by_o fortune_n they_o be_v to_o have_v good_a and_o favourable_a deal_n if_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o by_o loss_n and_o not_o by_o wasteful_a or_o lewd_a behaviour_n they_o come_v behind_o hand_n whereby_o the_o creditor_n be_v induce_v to_o divide_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o party_n good_n among_o they_o as_o they_o may_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o 34_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n 8_o have_v well_o provide_v against_o these_o fugitive_a person_n merchant_n proclamation_n against_o fugitive_a merchant_n that_o a_o proclamation_n shall_v be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o return_v within_o three_o month_n after_o they_o shall_v have_v notice_n of_o it_o which_o by_o affidavit_fw-la must_v be_v certify_v to_o present_v themselves_o in_o some_o convenient_a place_n to_o be_v declare_v that_o then_o they_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o they_o be_v contemner_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o order_n from_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o grant_v a_o warrant_n for_o the_o proclamation_n all_o such_o revenue_n of_o land_n or_o good_n to_o be_v sequester_v and_o afterward_o to_o be_v sell_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o creditor_n which_o execution_n have_v late_o be_v practise_v against_o diverse_a but_o lie_v only_o against_o the_o king_n subject_n but_o not_o against_o stranger_n nor_o other_o person_n which_o be_v not_o merchant_n or_o tradesman_n all_o mean_n of_o strict_a proceed_n be_v to_o be_v use_v against_o those_o fugitive_a merchant_n as_o also_o other_o decoctor_n and_o against_o they_o that_o do_v give_v they_o any_o aid_n or_o assistance_n which_o be_v not_o tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n for_o he_o that_o will_v help_v they_o because_o he_o may_v the_o soon_o recover_v of_o he_o his_o own_o payment_n may_v be_v convict_v of_o fraud_n by_o the_o law_n when_o it_o be_v find_v out_o and_o discover_v beside_o that_o the_o other_o creditor_n may_v call_v that_o money_n back_o again_o to_o be_v distribute_v among_o they_o and_o the_o dictio_fw-la takâ—n_v nullo_n modo_fw-la how_o to_o be_v takâ—n_v nullo_n modo_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v at_o no_o time_n and_o without_o any_o reason_n of_o excuse_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n especial_o in_o this_o which_o concern_v the_o disturber_n of_o commerce_n so_o much_o to_o be_v celebrate_v and_o because_o many_o question_n do_v arise_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o interruption_n of_o traffic_n by_o bankrupt_n and_o that_o as_o i_o have_v note_v already_o the_o law_n in_o most_o country_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o proceed_n against_o they_o i_o have_v therefore_o in_o this_o chapter_n make_v a_o more_o ample_a discourse_n both_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o merchant_n court_n and_o the_o example_n and_o law_n of_o other_o country_n to_o prevent_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o case_n which_o may_v be_v allege_v by_o true_a observation_n of_o the_o premise_n banker_n a_o question_n which_o concern_v the_o estate_n of_o banker_n the_o question_n concern_v banker_n which_o have_v their_o several_a place_n or_o bank_n in_o diverse_a jurisdiction_n and_o become_v bankrupt_a how_o their_o creditor_n shall_v be_v deal_v withal_o in_o the_o divide_n of_o their_o estate_n between_o they_o be_v worthy_a the_o observation_n for_o whereas_o they_o keep_v two_o three_o or_o more_o book_n of_o account_n in_o several_a place_n and_o therein_o distinguish_v the_o creditor_n of_o their_o several_a bank_n the_o civilians_n be_v of_o opinion_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o the_o creditor_n of_o one_o jurisdiction_n shall_v not_o participate_v with_o the_o creditor_n of_o another_o jurisdiction_n and_o have_v put_v the_o same_o in_o practice_n but_o the_o court_n of_o merchant_n do_v use_v to_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o bankrupt_a disperse_v in_o all_o country_n and_o divide_v according_o *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xlv_o of_o manufacture_n have_v so_o often_o inculcate_v that_o important_a argument_n whereby_o true_a merchant_n be_v to_o be_v careful_a that_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n may_v be_v profitable_a as_o well_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o to_o themselves_o we_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o entreat_v of_o manufacture_n as_o a_o important_a matter_n to_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n consider_v the_o abundance_n of_o material_n and_o stuff_n which_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n do_v afford_v evil_a idleness_n the_o root_n of_o all_o evil_a whereby_o the_o people_n may_v be_v set_v on_o work_n to_o avoid_v idleness_n which_o be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o evil_n most_o dangerous_a in_o country_n which_o be_v populous_a experience_n demonstrate_v unto_o we_o how_o many_o other_o nation_n have_v not_o stuff_n of_o their_o own_o but_o from_o other_o do_v nevertheless_o set_v their_o people_n on_o work_n upon_o the_o stuff_n and_o material_n of_o other_o country_n make_v and_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o a_o large_a trade_n therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o encourage_v all_o man_n to_o reward_v new_a invention_n with_o some_o privilege_n for_o a_o time_n and_o not_o for_o ever_o reward_v new_a invention_n to_o be_v reward_v to_o avoid_v the_o course_n of_o monopoly_n and_o to_o make_v the_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n more_o general_a which_o make_v man_n painful_a by_o the_o radical_a moisture_n of_o gain_n whereof_o merahant_n be_v to_o have_v a_o consideration_n so_o to_o reward_v the_o artificer_n and_o handy-crafts-mens_n labour_n that_o they_o may_v live_v by_o their_o work_n according_a to_o the_o dutch_a proverb_n which_o themselves_o use_v so_o frequent_o leven_n end_n laeten_v leven_v to_o live_v and_o to_o let_v other_o live_v this_o be_v to_o be_v regard_v also_o by_o statesman_n live_v live_v and_o let_v live_v forbear_v to_o
impose_v over_o great_a custom_n to_o be_v pay_v upon_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n both_o upon_o good_n import_v and_o export_v it_o be_v therefore_o prohibit_v in_o france_n that_o tallow_n be_v bring_v in_o but_o not_o candle_n old_a shoe_n but_o not_o cobble_v paper_n but_o not_o card_n and_o the_o like_a much_o more_o for_o rich_a ware_n as_o silk_n cotton-wools_a and_o linen_n etc._n etc._n the_o commodity_n which_o be_v not_o make_v at_o all_o or_o but_o in_o small_a quantity_n in_o england_n and_o may_v be_v practise_v be_v many_o as_o buckram_n tapestry_n bustian_n cambric_n canvas_n cable_n baby_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n damask_n diaper_n mather_n paper_n and_o diverse_a other_o thing_n all_o which_o may_v be_v make_v in_o time_n quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la nascitur_fw-la artifex_fw-la and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v manufacture_n can_v but_o take_v a_o offence_n if_o any_o other_o nation_n will_v endeavour_v to_o do_v all_o and_o to_o exclude_v other_o which_o extremity_n enforce_v another_o another_o one_o extremity_n enforce_v another_o as_o we_o have_v find_v by_o the_o enterprise_n of_o the_o late_a new_a company_n for_o dress_v and_o die_v of_o all_o the_o white_a clothes_n in_o england_n which_o cause_v other_o nation_n to_o make_v clothes_n of_o their_o own_o by_o the_o wool_n of_o other_o nation_n for_o as_o have_v be_v note_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o common_a intercourse_n and_o mutual_a course_n of_o commodity_n whereof_o some_o country_n be_v destitute_a and_o other_o country_n do_v abound_v thereby_o supply_v the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o one_o with_o the_o superfluity_n of_o the_o other_o maintain_v a_o friendly_a correspondence_n and_o familiarity_n the_o impresa_n sceptra_fw-la foevent_v art_n may_v better_o be_v attribute_v to_o commonweal_n or_o popular_a government_n than_o unto_o monarchy_n or_o kingdom_n because_o experience_n prove_v the_o same_o unto_o we_o by_o the_o great_a quantity_n make_v of_o manufacture_n and_o disperse_v by_o way_n of_o trade_n as_o we_o have_v note_v by_o the_o laudable_a engross_n of_o they_o at_o norenbourgh_n dangerous_a to_o undersell_v commodity_n be_v very_o dangerous_a the_o strive_v of_o make_v commodity_n and_o to_o undersell_n one_o another_o be_v dangerous_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o both_o party_n for_o by_o their_o contention_n they_o hinder_v each_o other_o and_o bring_v commodity_n to_o be_v less_o esteem_v this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n for_o statesman_n to_o be_v take_v into_o their_o serious_a consideration_n for_o as_o the_o spaniard_n say_v quien_n todo_fw-la lo_o choir_n todo_fw-la lo_n pierde_v set_v the_o fish_n trade_n apart_o which_o cause_v all_o sort_n of_o poor_a to_o employ_v their_o hand_n though_o they_o want_v leg_n let_v i_o recommend_v unto_o you_o turf_n bog_v of_o beat_fw-mi and_o turf_n the_o make_n and_o bog_v of_o beat_fw-mi and_o turf_n the_o rather_o for_o the_o want_n of_o wood_n which_o england_n be_v like_a to_o have_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o wood_n be_v much_o decay_a and_o enhance_v in_o price_n and_o beat_fw-mi and_o turf_n may_v be_v make_v serviceable_a to_o supply_v the_o use_n of_o wood_n and_o set_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o people_n on_o work_n as_o the_o make_n of_o iron_n and_o all_o other_o metal_n make_v in_o fowndry_n and_o finery_n the_o boil_a of_o mineral_n as_o allome_n saltpetre_n copperas_n and_o the_o like_a the_o burn_a of_o brick_n and_o tile_n the_o make_n of_o glass_n the_o refine_n of_o sugar_n beside_o the_o common_a use_n for_o brew_v bake_v die_a and_o other_o profession_n and_o every_o man_n consume_v wood_n more_o or_o less_o in_o his_o house_n beside_o sea-coal_n turf_n commodity_n by_o the_o bog_a of_o turf_n and_o here_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o commodity_n which_o will_v redound_v hereby_o to_o the_o 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like_o silver_n which_o be_v do_v with_o tin_n and_o sal_fw-la armoniake_n after_o they_o be_v coin_a which_o hold_v fair_a for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n allay_v with_o much_o copper_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n incorporate_v with_o the_o copper_n and_o take_v away_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o such_o be_v their_o heller_n alb_n hallincke_n and_o the_o like_a small_a copper_n money_n low-countries_n of_o the_o low-countries_n in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o have_v duyt_n mite_n negemancken_n ortkens_n whereof_o four_o make_v a_o styver_n and_o five_o styver_n make_v six_o penny_n which_o we_o may_v well_o call_v a_o styver_n for_o a_o penny_n sterling_a eight_o negemancken_n and_o twenty_o and_o four_o mite_n for_o one_o penny_n also_o in_o some_o place_n as_o in_o flanders_n the_o mite_n be_v call_v corte_n and_o in_o the_o wallone_n country_n engcuni_fw-la and_o in_o other_o place_n point_v pite_n poot_n be_v all_o subdivision_n of_o obolus_fw-la or_o the_o half_a penny_n government_n of_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n government_n in_o bohemia_n poland_n sweaden_a denmark_n east-land_n and_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n they_o have_v mere_a copper_n money_n tedious_a to_o describe_v likewise_o in_o italy_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n and_o dukedom_n scotland_n of_o scotland_n in_o scotland_n they_o have_v turnoner_n and_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n in_o their_o name_n and_o much_o base_a money_n of_o achison_n plackx_n baby_n nonsuit_v ireland_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o like_a in_o ireland_n they_o have_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n half_a penny_n and_o penny_n of_o copper_n which_o be_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v and_o consume_v the_o necessity_n of_o these_o small_a money_n do_v appear_v here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n where_o every_o chandler_n tapster_n vintner_n and_o other_o make_v token_n of_o lead_n and_o brass_n for_o halfe-pence_n and_o at_o bristol_n by_o the_o late_a queen_n authority_n england_n farthing_n token_n in_o england_n be_v make_v of_o copper_n with_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o c.b._n on_o the_o other_o side_n signify_v civitas_fw-la bristol_n these_o go_v currant_n for_o small_a thing_n at_o bristol_n and_o ten_o mile_n about_o hereupon_o it_o please_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o k._n to_o approve_v of_o the_o make_n of_o a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o farthing_n token_n to_o abolish_v the_o say_v leaden_a token_n make_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a which_o farthing_n token_n be_v make_v by_o engine_n of_o mere_a copper_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o with_o certain_a caution_n and_o limitation_n have_v on_o the_o one_o side_n two_o sceptre_n cross_v under_o one_o diadem_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o union_n between_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o harp_n for_o ireland_n and_o the_o inscription_n of_o jacobus_n d.g._n magnae_fw-la britt_n fra._n &_o hiber_n rex_fw-la and_o the_o say_a farthing_n token_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a for_o petty_a commutation_n but_o also_o to_o be_v a_o great_a relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o mean_n to_o increase_v charity_n without_o which_o many_o of_o they_o have_v perish_v every_o man_n have_v mean_n to_o give_v alm_n even_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a to_o the_o indigent_a poor_a money_n silver_n money_n to_o come_v to_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n we_o have_v also_o note_v that_o the_o roman_n make_v but_o money_n of_o silver_n the_o 484_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 3695_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n be_v now_o about_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o by_o some_o coin_v &_o model_n extant_a the_o goodness_n of_o it_o be_v sterling_a silver_n be_v above_o 11_o ounce_n fine_a since_o which_o time_n many_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o silver_n money_n make_v in_o diverse_a country_n according_a to_o occasion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n where_o we_o have_v reduce_v they_o from_o the_o mark_n weight_n unto_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o england_n of_o the_o sterling_a standard_n more_o follow_v hereafter_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v but_o make_v when_o the_o roman_n have_v take_v great_a wealth_n from_o all_o nation_n money_n gold_n money_n and_o be_v sixty_o two_o year_n after_o their_o beginning_n of_o the_o make_n of_o silver_n money_n and_o they_o be_v of_o fine_a gold_n since_o which_o time_n also_o there_o have_v be_v many_o standard_n make_v of_o gold_n and_o that_o from_o about_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n fine_a until_o seven_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n there_o be_v diverse_a officer_n in_o all_o mint_n the_o principal_a officer_n be_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n next_o be_v the_o mintmaster_n the_o one_o to_o look_v to_o the_o make_n of_o money_n complete_a according_a to_o the_o standard_n and_o the_o other_o with_o his_o workman_n call_v monyers_n to_o make_v they_o then_o there_o be_v the_o comptroller_n to_o keep_v the_o contrebooke_n for_o the_o prince_n &_o state_n to_o see_v the_o bullion_n receive_v and_o the_o assay_v make_v thereof_o and_o the_o complete_a money_n return_v for_o the_o same_o weight_n for_o weight_n pay_v coinage_n money_n forth_o same_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o warden_n by_o the_o say_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o they_o be_v coin_a at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v common_o two_o assaymaster_n one_o graver_n and_o his_o deputy_n one_o that_o keep_v the_o iron_n to_o deliver_v they_o to_o the_o monyers_n or_o the_o provost_n or_o chief_a of_o they_o to_o see_v they_o every_o night_n return_v again_o then_o the_o sincker_n smith_n porter_n and_o the_o like_a in_o their_o place_n all_o these_o have_v wage_n for_o themselves_o or_o allowance_n yearly_a from_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o mintmaster_n and_o the_o monyers_n be_v pay_v for_o every_o pound_n weight_n they_o make_v whereof_o 30_o will_v weight_n they_o call_v a_o journey_n the_o tellors_n office_n be_v but_o use_v in_o england_n money_n the_o sheyre_n book_n of_o money_n which_o the_o warden_n deputy_n execute_v in_o other_o country_n to_o keep_v a_o sheyre_n book_n of_o the_o piece_n contain_v in_o the_o mark_n or_o pound_n weight_n although_o the_o money_n be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n and_o not_o by_o tale_n for_o although_o there_o be_v suppose_v eight_o or_o ten_o piece_n over_o in_o 100_o will_v by_o tale_n it_o do_v encourage_v the_o bringer_n in_o of_o bullion_n for_o the_o â—â—act_n size_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v upon_o the_o total_a in_o quantity_n as_o upon_o the_o equality_n of_o weight_n in_o piece_n for_o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o one_o shilling_n will_v weigh_v one_o farthing_n or_o half_a penny_n
so_o be_o endanger_v to_o my_o neighbour_n for_o my_o necessary_a payment_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o my_o debtor_n bear_v my_o loss_n rather_o than_o i_o shall_v sustain_v harm_n or_o danger_n for_o my_o good_a will_n and_o this_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v take_v improper_a usury_n ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la improper_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la and_o it_o be_v so_o be_v improper_o call_v interest_n in_o defence_n of_o usury_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o shopkeeper_n lend_v money_n free_o to_o his_o neighbour_n till_o such_o a_o day_n have_v then_o occasion_n to_o use_v it_o at_o some_o fair_a to_o lay_v it_o out_o in_o ware_n if_o he_o break_v touch_v the_o shopkeeper_n may_v in_o justice_n take_v the_o benefit_n for_o his_o money_n lose_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v by_o the_o ware_n which_o he_o be_v hinder_v to_o buy_v cessante_fw-la exit_fw-la lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la and_o this_o be_v take_v for_o lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v a_o intention_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v better_a for_o they_o to_o deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o that_o therein_o they_o be_v less_o to_o be_v evil_o think_v on_o than_o by_o deal_v upon_o usury_n but_o this_o difference_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o name_n for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o intention_n of_o gain_n upon_o money_n and_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o money_n whereas_o the_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o exchange_n difference_n of_o gain_n by_o usury_n and_o exchange_n and_o the_o other_o do_v expect_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o only_o in_o regard_n he_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n to_o lose_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v very_o seldom_o but_o still_o the_o intention_n remain_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o sure_a guide_n of_o conscience_n to_o take_v away_o all_o counterfeit_a pretence_n the_o venetian_n and_o other_o allow_v no_o interest_n at_o all_o but_o approve_v the_o benefit_n and_o course_n of_o exchange_n although_o it_o be_v above_o interest_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a rule_n usury_n be_v weigh_v straight_o in_o regard_n of_o charity_n albeit_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o that_o the_o borrower_n have_v sin_v therefore_o in_o such_o case_n circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o then_o judgement_n to_o be_v give_v according_o if_o i_o deal_v with_o a_o merchant_n that_o make_v gain_v of_o my_o money_n with_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o be_v well_o able_a to_o pay_v i_o again_o be_v chief_o enrich_v by_o my_o mean_n why_o shall_v not_o i_o in_o reason_n have_v part_n of_o his_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n when_o by_o my_o good_n he_o be_v grow_v rich_a suppose_v four_o man_n be_v become_v partner_n two_o do_v disburse_v large_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o employ_v their_o labour_n and_o industry_n to_o make_v by_o lawful_a trade_n a_o great_a benefit_n thereby_o be_v it_o not_o reason_n that_o the_o other_o two_o although_o they_o be_v idle_a at_o home_n shall_v have_v part_n of_o the_o benefit_n you_o will_v say_v you_o hold_v this_o reasonable_a for_o it_o be_v not_o usury_n at_o all_o but_o these_o two_o man_n take_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o their_o money_n nay_o than_o you_o reply_v and_o say_v it_o be_v usury_n although_o the_o other_o two_o have_v get_v thirty_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o it_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o bite_a usury_n answer_n objection_n answer_n but_o they_o have_v not_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o condition_v a_o certainty_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o other_o casualty_n beside_o and_o in_o trust_v they_o that_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o their_o own_o well_o therefore_o say_v you_o i_o will_v not_o deliver_v my_o money_n but_o to_o rich_a man_n herein_o you_o show_v no_o charity_n and_o may_v be_v deceive_v too_o for_o you_o know_v not_o what_o money_n a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o purse_n so_o that_o your_o conscience_n be_v still_o the_o sure_a guide_n to_o direct_v you_o with_o prudence_n as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o pole_n so_o much_o for_o particular_a person_n now_o come_v to_o examine_v what_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v concern_v usury_n we_o find_v that_o both_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o after_o usury_n have_v be_v banish_v by_o some_o king_n and_o by_o some_o other_o king_n it_o have_v be_v tolerate_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n king_n edgar_z before_o the_o conquest_n do_v utter_o forbid_v all_o usury_n realm_n banker_n send_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n so_o do_v king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o do_v send_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o the_o italian_a banker_n that_o come_v from_o pope_n gregory_n the_o ten_o call_v cursini_fw-la as_o all_o manner_n of_o jew_n who_o do_v mighty_o oppress_v the_o realm_n to_o omit_v what_o other_o king_n have_v do_v we_o know_v that_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o 37_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v a_o statute_n whereby_o none_o be_v suffer_v to_o take_v above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o loan_n either_o for_o ware_n or_o money_n and_o this_o be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o anno_fw-la 5_o edw._n 6_o which_o afterward_o be_v find_v against_o policy_n be_v abrogate_a so_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v succeed_v which_o do_v tolerate_v the_o say_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v of_o such_o strength_n and_o continuance_n at_o this_o present_a that_o king_n james_n himself_o be_v content_v to_o allow_v the_o say_a rate_n to_o the_o londoner_n for_o some_o money_n borrow_v of_o they_o wherein_o as_o i_o say_v before_o time_n and_o occasion_n do_v alter_v thing_n and_o as_o the_o case_n for_o the_o present_a stand_v with_o england_n and_o foreign_a nation_n we_o have_v usury_n like_o a_o wolf_n by_o the_o ear_n dangerous_a to_o be_v keep_v and_o more_o dangerous_a to_o abandon_v the_o same_o this_o usury_n be_v indeed_o exercise_v to_o the_o poor_a or_o to_o the_o rich_a without_o respect_n of_o damage_n ensue_v become_v intolerable_a but_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n when_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v neglect_v in_o the_o state_n of_o orphan_n in_o mutual_a hazard_n or_o in_o hazard_n public_a allowable_a where_o usury_n be_v allowable_a simple_o to_o disallow_v it_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o to_o go_v about_o to_o remedy_v a_o mischief_n with_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n the_o law_n of_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n do_v therefore_o moderate_a the_o course_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v much_o to_o be_v regard_v where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o as_o follow_v vsuris_fw-la 1._o coâ—_n c._n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la we_o have_v think_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n or_o statute_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o usury_n bring_v the_o old_a hard_a and_o most_o grecuous_a weight_n of_o the_o same_o to_o a_o certain_a moderate_a stay_n or_o mean_a rate_n therefore_o we_o command_v those_o noble_a man_n that_o be_v earl_n or_o their_o better_n that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v any_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a bargain_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n whatsoever_o great_a or_o less_o for_o usury_n or_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v above_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o those_o that_o be_v guardian_n or_o governor_n over_o handiecraft_n man_n or_o place_n where_o artificer_n do_v work_v or_o else_o do_v use_v any_o lawful_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n we_o will_v that_o they_o shall_v moderate_v their_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a promise_n take_v in_o any_o bargain_n to_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v adventure_v their_o good_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o put_v out_o their_o substance_n upon_o their_o own_o hazard_n such_o may_v lawful_o demand_v by_o firm_a promise_n to_o receive_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o take_v above_o that_o rate_n although_o by_o the_o old_a roman_a statute_n it_o have_v be_v lawful_a to_o exceed_v and_o we_o will_v that_o all_o other_o man_n shall_v take_v only_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o excess_n in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v enlarge_v in_o other_o contract_n where_o usury_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v demand_v without_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n make_v neither_o shall_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o increase_v the_o foresay_a taxation_n or_o rate_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n use_v in_o any_o country_n etc._n etc._n this_o imperial_a civil_a law_n have_v
a_o regard_n to_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n be_v due_o observe_v albeit_o the_o lender_n of_o the_o money_n can_v have_v take_v more_o when_o the_o borrower_n will_v give_v it_o to_o serve_v his_o occasion_n without_o this_o precise_a observation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n a_o matter_n considerable_a now_o adays_o since_o the_o west-indies_n have_v be_v discover_v whereby_o the_o currant_n of_o money_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o country_n and_o run_v also_o according_a to_o occasion_n and_o the_o policy_n of_o state_n and_o merchant_n usury_n difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n for_o the_o toleration_n and_o permission_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o rate_n in_o most_o country_n take_v in_o one_o place_n more_o and_o in_o another_o less_o according_a to_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchant_n devise_n money_n a_o policy_n by_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o poland_n lituania_n prussia_n and_o other_o country_n adjacent_a when_o they_o do_v abound_v in_o corn_n money_n be_v common_o very_o scarce_o and_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n thereby_o much_o abate_v at_o which_o time_n they_o will_v rather_o tolerate_v or_o proclaim_v the_o money_n to_o be_v enhance_v in_o price_n or_o to_o be_v deliver_v at_o interest_n after_o fifteen_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o twenty_o and_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o a_o year_n or_o a_o lesser_a time_n hereupon_o present_o great_a store_n of_o money_n come_v from_o all_o place_n thither_o which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o money_n to_o rise_v afterward_o when_o many_o ship_n be_v lade_v and_o the_o fleet_n depart_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n than_o the_o interest_n begin_v to_o fall_v according_o in_o the_o low-countries_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o merchant_n to_o take_v twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n for_o the_o long_o or_o short_a time_n within_o the_o year_n but_o this_o rate_n may_v not_o be_v exceed_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o some_o condition_n of_o casualty_n or_o adventure_n the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n make_v a_o difference_n as_o have_v be_v note_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o the_o take_n of_o one_o in_o the_o month_n be_v most_o usual_a because_o merchant_n be_v the_o most_o lender_n and_o this_o twelve_o pro_fw-la centum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o to_o be_v interest_n upon_o interest_n wherein_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v interest_n interest_n upon_o interest_n for_o this_o twelve_o pound_n be_v deliver_v out_o again_o unto_o another_o be_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o beneficial_a as_o the_o 100_o will_v principal_a albeit_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n when_o matter_n between_o man_n be_v grow_v litigious_a and_o depend_v in_o suit_n than_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n will_v account_v the_o whole_a time_n for_o the_o forbearance_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o the_o year_n past_a without_o any_o interest_n upon_o interest_n politician_n or_o statesman_n be_v to_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o this_o usury_n politic_a action_n usury_n a_o measure_n of_o man_n action_n as_o a_o property_n inherent_a unto_o money_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n man_n do_v measure_v all_o their_o action_n by_o trade_n and_o traffic_n or_o purchase_v build_v plant_v and_o bargain_n in_o all_o thing_n according_o and_o usury_n be_v so_o inherent_a and_o do_v proper_o grow_v with_o the_o decay_n of_o traffic_n usury_n the_o decay_n of_o trade_n increase_v usury_n as_o pasturage_n do_v increase_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o till_v whereupon_o the_o follow_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v as_o matter_n of_o moment_n especial_o in_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o have_v no_o gold_n or_o silver_n mine_n of_o great_a value_n but_o abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n return_v for_o the_o great_a plenty_n and_o quantity_n of_o their_o home_n commodity_n wherein_o the_o high_a continual_a rate_n of_o usury_n may_v prove_v more_o prejudicial_a than_o the_o abovesaid_a policy_n of_o poland_n lituania_n or_o other_o country_n can_v be_v beneficial_a unto_o they_o for_o we_o see_v that_o general_o all_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v get_v any_o great_a wealth_n with_o we_o leave_v trade_v and_o fall_v to_o usury_n the_o gain_n whereof_o be_v easy_a certain_a and_o great_a whereas_o in_o other_o country_n merchant_n continue_v from_o generation_n to_o generation_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o the_o state_n as_o we_o find_v diverse_a renown_a family_n in_o germany_n italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v this_o last_o year_n a_o tract_n against_o usury_n present_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o england_n 1621._o anno_fw-la 1621._o show_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o lesser_a rate_n of_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o take_v in_o the_o low-countries_n where_o money_n be_v so_o plentiful_a and_o upon_o this_o difference_n be_v a_o certain_a operation_n of_o usury_n note_v to_o be_v predominant_a over_o we_o both_o in_o our_o trade_n and_o other_o affair_n first_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n usury_n reason_n against_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n not_o only_o rich_a tradesman_n give_v over_o trade_n but_o a_o number_n of_o beginner_n be_v undo_v and_o discourage_v thereby_o their_o industry_n serve_v but_o to_o enrich_v other_o and_o beggar_n themselves_o second_o that_o many_o trade_n themselves_o be_v decay_v thereby_o because_o they_o can_v afford_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereas_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v no_o high_a than_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v subsist_v and_o flourish_v still_o and_o perhaps_o with_o as_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o those_o that_o do_v bring_v more_o to_o the_o private_a adventure_n which_o ought_v to_o go_v together_o or_o else_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o state_n be_v seldom_o great_o advance_v three_o that_o by_o this_o disadvantage_n between_o six_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o our_o industrious_a neighbour_n do_v out_o trade_n and_o undersell_v we_o for_o they_o almost_o double_a the_o use_n allow_v which_o we_o can_v by_o pay_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereby_o also_o all_o contribution_n to_o the_o war_n work_n of_o piety_n and_o glory_n of_o state_n be_v better_a cheap_a to_o they_o than_o to_o we_o as_o also_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n or_o hire_v of_o they_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n four_o that_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o make_v the_o land_n itself_o of_o small_a value_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a that_o man_n do_v not_o seek_v by_o industry_n any_o more_o to_o improve_v they_o which_o be_v plain_a both_o by_o example_n and_o demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n land_n be_v general_o sell_v for_o thirty_o forty_o and_o some_o for_o fifty_o year_n purchase_n be_v the_o best_a assurance_n and_o secure_a inheritance_n which_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o bear_v still_o a_o rate_n above_o money_n which_o will_v increase_v if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o consequent_o labourer_n wage_n and_o other_o dependence_n thereupon_o which_o be_v therein_o more_o ample_o declare_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o tend_v to_o have_v a_o moderation_n in_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n usury_n objection_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n hereunto_o be_v certain_a objection_n also_o allege_v and_o their_o answer_n to_o maintain_v the_o rate_n of_o usury_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o with_o we_o in_o england_n albeit_o other_o nation_n take_v but_o four_o five_o and_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o 6_o ¼_n which_o be_v call_v rend_v after_o the_o penny_n sixteen_o for_o six_o time_n sixteen_o and_o one_o four_o make_v a_o hundred_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o objection_n be_v few_o in_o number_n first_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o second_o that_o sudden_a change_n be_v dangerous_a three_o that_o money_n will_v sudden_o be_v call_v in_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v much_o prejudice_v four_o that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o come_v by_o and_o commerce_n much_o hinder_v and_o last_o that_o merchant_n stranger_n money_n now_o go_v here_o at_o use_n will_v be_v carry_v away_o again_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n shall_v be_v call_v down_o objection_n answer_v to_o the_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n have_v not_o be_v so_o general_o use_v as_o it_o be_v now_o when_o man_n
and_o equality_n of_o money_n domestical_a and_o foreign_a aforesaid_a a_o most_o easy_a remedy_n aâ—_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o let_v all_o merchant_n exchange_v one_o with_o another_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o they_o now_o do_v and_o can_v agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o never_o under_o that_o price_n see_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n nature_n and_o policy_n to_o undervalue_v the_o king_n money_n by_o exchange_n and_o all_o the_o commodity_n according_o to_o the_o incredible_a loss_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v not_o this_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v as_o we_o see_v the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v the_o great_a carrack_n or_o vessel_n be_v but_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o timber_n fasten_v upon_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o keelne_v of_o the_o ship_n whereby_o it_o be_v direct_v according_a to_o all_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n as_o we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o let_v the_o practice_n hereof_o assure_v we_o and_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v the_o golden_a fleece_n in_o colchos_n which_o we_o have_v within_o our_o own_o island_n of_o great_a britannia_n our_o feeble_a pulse_n will_v be_v feel_v when_o our_o hammer_n shall_v beat_v in_o the_o mint_n for_o money_n and_o bullion_n be_v to_o the_o state_n a_o second_o life_n if_o any_o hedgmint_n for_o so_o do_v the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o call_v the_o mint_n of_o petty_a lord_n bâ—_n hedgemint_n what_o they_o bâ—_n which_o by_o falsify_v standard_n do_v imitate_v to_o coin_v the_o money_n of_o other_o prince_n shall_v seek_v to_o maintain_v inequality_n all_o their_o imagination_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v but_o chimera_n and_o toy_n for_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a for_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o this_o equality_n of_o exchange_n according_o than_o it_o be_v for_o a_o miller_n to_o turn_v his_o mill_n to_o grind_v his_o corn_n with_o all_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v once_o establish_v and_o know_v there_o will_v not_o want_v some_o backbiter_n or_o momus_n to_o make_v little_a estimation_n of_o this_o columbus_n voyage_n to_o the_o rich_a india_n and_o go_v about_o to_o disgrace_v this_o great_a service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o set_v a_o egg_n on_o the_o end_n by_o way_n of_o imitation_n as_o other_o do_v when_o they_o see_v it_o do_v before_o money_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o set_v a_o price_n for_o money_n by_o these_o mean_n shall_v the_o ancient_a office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n the_o king_n have_v to_o set_v down_o a_o price_n on_o his_o own_o coin_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v a_o certain_a measure_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o connivance_n of_o toleration_n by_o foreign_a state_n abridge_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n frustrate_v and_o it_o import_v the_o king_n more_o to_o reform_v this_o exchange_n than_o any_o other_o prince_n because_o god_n have_v so_o bless_v england_n that_o no_o nation_n of_o christendom_n traffick_v so_o much_o in_o bulk_n of_o staple_n commodity_n as_o this_o realm_n which_o boter_n though_o altogether_o spanish_a in_o time_n past_a and_o no_o friend_n to_o england_n confess_v that_o two_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o antuerp_n 1584._o an._n 1584._o all_o the_o ware_n of_o christendom_n be_v value_v and_o sum_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v vent_v there_o in_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n the_o english_a amount_v to_o four_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o england_n have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n the_o basis_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v our_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o most_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o this_o head_n may_v command_v the_o member_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n more_o convenient_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n as_o before_o have_v be_v declare_v i_o have_v in_o this_o chapter_n think_v convenient_a to_o remember_v this_o important_a matter_n again_o with_o a_o variety_n of_o stile_n to_o revive_v and_o recreate_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n all_o the_o premise_n may_v in_o his_o apprehension_n and_o conceit_n give_v more_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n even_o to_o natural_a mother_n wit_n who_o commendation_n may_v not_o be_v omit_v chap._n xix_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v fall_v from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n be_v to_o ascend_v again_o from_o imperfection_n to_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n natural_a mother_n wit_n cast_v her_o eye_n back_o per_fw-la varios_fw-la casus_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la discrimina_fw-la rerum_fw-la challenge_v the_o precedency_n of_o art_n by_o way_n of_o prosopopeia_fw-la by_o her_o ingenious_a observation_n of_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n under_o which_o she_o have_v note_v that_o all_o substantial_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n be_v subject_a who_o will_v deny_v say_v the_o intellectual_a part_n of_o wit_n that_o even_o as_o forma_fw-la that_o esse_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o i_o cause_v dame_n nature_n to_o perform_v her_o function_n by_o produce_v spot_a lamb_n when_o i_o overcome_v the_o eyesight_n in_o generation_n 37_o gen._n 30._o ver_fw-la 37_o so_o when_o the_o tooth_n of_o infant_n come_v forth_o orderly_a and_o conjoin_v by_o my_o observation_n be_v they_o make_v a_o object_n for_o the_o tongue_n to_o play_v upon_o do_v not_o i_o teach_v those_o that_o can_v not_o pronounce_v the_o letter_n r_o to_o lay_v little_a pimble_a stone_n under_o their_o tongue_n to_o elevate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v they_o apt_a thereunto_o as_o also_o to_o cause_v the_o ligament_n to_o be_v break_v without_o which_o the_o grammarian_n can_v ascribe_v to_o himself_o grammatica_fw-la grammatica_fw-la vox_fw-la literata_fw-la &_o aâ—ticulata_fw-la debito_fw-la modo_fw-la pronunciata_fw-la by_o which_o ability_n the_o caldean_a hebrew_n greek_a and_o latin_a letter_n be_v afterward_o by_o art_n invent_v upon_o which_o foundation_n logic_n be_v build_v whereby_o i_o cause_v verum_fw-la &_o falsum_fw-la to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o truth_n to_o be_v discern_v which_o the_o logician_n have_v so_o much_o obscure_v by_o their_o sillogisme_n and_o argument_n found_v upon_o distinction_n division_n subdivision_n logica_fw-la logica_fw-la quillet_n and_o exception_n by_o variety_n of_o term_n that_o without_o my_o help_n the_o truth_n can_v hardly_o naked_o be_v know_v which_o by_o art_n shall_v be_v make_v plain_a and_o not_o intricate_a for_o a_o ripe_a wit_n will_v dispel_v the_o foggy_a mystery_n of_o deceitful_a fallacy_n as_o the_o sun_n drive_v away_o the_o wind_n and_o cloud_n poet_n be_v behold_v unto_o i_o who_o natural_a witty_a faculty_n make_v they_o famous_a according_a to_o the_o proverb_n nascimur_fw-la poetae_fw-la fimus_fw-la oratores_fw-la but_o now_o art_n step_v in_o rhetorica_fw-la rhetorica_fw-la and_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o rhetoric_n as_o devise_v by_o she_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o facundity_n and_o fluency_n of_o speech_n and_o be_v call_v ornatus_fw-la persuasio_fw-la whereunto_o the_o celerity_n of_o wit_n occur_v say_v soft_a sir_n do_v not_o take_v i_o to_o be_v all_o wit_n without_o wisdom_n like_v unto_o tree_n full_a of_o fair_a leaf_n without_o fruit_n arithmetica_fw-la arithmetica_fw-la for_o lo_o yonder_o come_v arithmetic_n which_o be_v the_o original_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o seven_o liberal_a science_n or_o art_n without_o which_o none_o of_o they_o can_v subsist_v her_o poesy_n be_v par_n &_o impar_fw-la this_o foundation_n be_v lay_v by_o i_o among_o the_o heathen_n and_o unlearned_a creature_n of_o america_n and_o other_o country_n to_o demonstrate_v number_n by_o finger_n and_o toe_n tell_v two_o three_o four_o and_o so_o to_o ten_o than_o ten_o and_o one_o and_o ten_o and_o two_o and_o so_o forth_o still_o make_v sign_n as_o they_o speak_v and_o when_o they_o will_v reckon_v twenty_o they_o will_v hold_v down_o both_o their_o hand_n to_o their_o foot_n show_v all_o their_o finger_n and_o toe_n and_o as_o the_o number_n be_v great_a so_o will_v they_o double_v and_o augment_v the_o sign_n observe_v the_o same_o by_o a_o little_a bundle_n of_o stick_n lay_v or_o tie_v together_o and_o separate_v a_o sunder_o observe_v thereby_o their_o payment_n and_o promise_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n this_o be_v that_o account_v by_o score_n yet_o use_v whereof_o their_o arithmetic_n give_v denomination_n before_o any_o of_o the_o say_a art_n be_v invent_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o i_o ab_fw-la origine_fw-la for_o i_o have_v note_v that_o in_o thing_n create_v and_o engender_v the_o element_n be_v