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nation_n england_n law_n statute_n 1,497 5 9.0809 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A06785 The center of The circle of commerce. Or, A refutation of a treatise, intituled The circle of commerce, or The ballance of trade, lately published by E.M. By Gerard Malynes merchant Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641. 1623 (1623) STC 17221; ESTC S111905 76,643 152

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first_o and_o retain_v the_o same_o last_o so_o commodity_n in_o traffic_n be_v first_o and_o money_n come_v afterward_o whereby_o commutation_n or_o barter_n be_v bring_v into_o a_o trade_n and_o to_o preserve_v that_o money_n as_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o body_n exchange_n be_v devise_v as_o a_o spirit_n to_o quicken_v the_o same_o and_o shall_v it_o be_v use_v to_o destroy_v the_o body_n because_o the_o true_a use_n of_o it_o be_v not_o understand_v and_o the_o same_o be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n shall_v be_v prevent_v when_o by_o take_v enhanced_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n above_o the_o true_a value_n in_o exchange_n we_o feed_v the_o cause_n of_o exportation_n or_o shall_v we_o expect_v that_o money_n shall_v be_v import_v unto_o we_o when_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n of_o they_o which_o loss_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o to_o avoid_v compel_v we_o to_o 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we_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o equin_n octiall_a the_o loss_n which_o the_o realm_n sustain_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n or_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n as_o also_o the_o benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v by_o the_o high_a exchange_n as_o mere_o opposite_a unto_o it_o so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v certain_o overballance_a cause_n to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la i_o that_o when_o the_o exchange_n shall_v be_v rectify_v and_o our_o money_n be_v true_o value_v in_o exchange_n 2_o according_a to_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n 3_o then_o will_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n cease_v 4_o and_o the_o more_o native_a commodity_n will_v be_v export_v and_o consequent_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o inhaunce_a be_v prevent_v 5_o will_v cause_v bullion_n and_o money_n to_o be_v import_v 6_o and_o the_o less_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o 7_o the_o royal_a of_o spain_n will_v not_o be_v divert_v nor_o the_o trade_n depend_v thereupon_o 8_o which_o will_v procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n 9_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n 10_o and_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n thereby_o effectual_o prevent_v the_o aforesaid_a overballance_v this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n wealth_n the_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n and_o proclamation_n of_o exchange_n prohibit_v that_o after_o 3_o month_n next_o and_o ensue_a the_o same_o no_o man_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n by_o bill_n or_o otherwise_o for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a part_n or_o to_o be_v rechange_v towards_o this_o realm_n under_o the_o true_a par_fw-fr or_o value_n for_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n in_o weight_n and_o finesse_n but_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n or_o above_o the_o same_o as_o merchant_n can_v agree_v but_o never_o under_o the_o same_o which_o shall_v be_v declare_v by_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n upon_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n with_o such_o caution_n and_o observation_n as_o former_o have_v be_v note_v whereunto_o i_o must_v refer_v myself_o to_o be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la for_o the_o better_a understanding_n hereof_o and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o like_a have_v be_v former_o do_v but_o therein_o only_a direction_n be_v want_v hitherto_o i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o put_v down_o the_o same_o verbatim_o as_o follow_v a_o proclamation_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n use_v by_o merchant_n eliz._n queen_n eliz._n according_a to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o statutas_fw-la of_o the_o realm_n forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v so_o great_a abuse_n of_o 〈◊〉_d year_n grow_v by_o the_o corrupt_a deal_n of_o sundry_a merchant_n and_o broker_n as_o well_o stranger_n 〈◊〉_d upon_o bargain_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v both_o out_o &_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o not_o only_o the_o good_a laudable_a and_o profitable_a use_n of_o natural_a merchandise_v be_v great_o decay_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o this_o realm_n much_o abase_v and_o her_o majesty_n custom_n and_o subsedy_n that_o be_v the_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o this_o crown_n diminish_v and_o withdraw_v with_o sundry_a of_o 〈◊〉_d inconvenience_n to_o the_o notable_a damage_n of_o 〈◊〉_d realm_n for_o the_o due_a remedy_n whereof_o there_o 〈◊〉_d be_v make_v heretofore_o sundry_a good_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o do_v still_o continue●●_n their_o force_n the_o queen_n majesty_n intend_v 〈◊〉_d have_v such_o great_a enormity_n and_o mischief_n 〈◊〉_d do_v give_v all_o manner_n of_o merchant_n break_a &_o all_o other_o person_n use_v to_o bargain_n by_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v to_o understand_v that_o her_o meaning_n 〈◊〉_d have_v such_o law_n and_o statute_n put_v in_o execution_n have_v be_v provide_v and_o do_v remain_v in_o force_n for_o this_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o warn_v all_o manner_n of_o person_n to_o have_v hereafter_o due_a regard_n thereunto_o 〈◊〉_d on_o such_o penalty_n as_o in_o the_o say_v law_n stature_n 〈◊〉_d other_o ordinance_n remane_v in_o their_o force_n be_v provide_v and_o for_o the_o lawful_a satisfaction_n of_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v necessary_a cause_n to_o take_v or_o deliver_v any_o money_n by_o exchange_n there_o shall_v be_v certain_a order_n in_o 〈◊〉_d set_v up_o in_o place_n convenient_a declare_v the_o rate_n thereof_o as_o the_o same_o shall_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o use_n of_o her_o majesty_n or_o to_o her_o minister_n and_o officer_n thereunto_o authorize_v give_v at_o green-wich_a the_o 20_o of_o september_n 1576_o in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o prosperous_a reign_n of_o the_o queen_n majesty_n the_o noble_a and_o renown_a the_o baron_n of_o elsmere_n lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n decease_v unto_o who_o i_o owe_v perpetual_a obligation_n do_v at_o foverall_a time_n advise_v at_o the_o council_n table_n to_o publish_v the_o like_a proclamation_n with_o some_o other_o good_a observation_n see_v therein_o be_v nothing_o require_v but_o equity_n and_o justice_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o the_o evil_a man_n sow_v thres_n in_o the_o night_n make_v the_o weed_n to_o grow_v so_o fast_o that_o the_o good_a feed_n can_v not_o prosper_v so_o that_o inveterated_a disease_n break_v forth_o at_o last_o make_v we_o to_o feel_v the_o smart_n thereof_o for_o some_o man_n upon_o private_a respect_n will_v cast_v doubt_n beyond_o the_o moon_n unexperience_n the_o nature_n of_o unexperience_n other_o will_v propound_v more_o question_n in_o a_o hour_n than_o a_o wise_a man_n can_v answer_v in_o a_o year_n and_o other_o be_v always_o consult_v and_o never_o deliberate_v so_o that_o the_o grave_n and_o discreate_a counsellor_n of_o state_n be_v to_o determine_v these_o serious_a business_n and_o to_o the_o other_o i_o may_v say_v know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o s●ept_v the_o doctrine_n of_o pyrrh●_n ariston_n and_o heri●●●●_n have_v be_v long_o ago_o hiss_v out_o of_o the_o school_n or_o rather_o banish_v and_o confine_v among_o the_o barbarian_n will_v you_o cause_v we_o to_o doubt_v of_o all_o thing_n then_o shall_v we_o doubt_v whether_o you_o doubt_v or_o no_o it_o be_v possible_a you_o can_v carry_v bread_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d hand_n and_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o to_o 〈◊〉_d unto_o these_o man_n some_o satisfaction_n which_o make_v 〈◊〉_d whether_o the_o say_v his_o majesty_n proclamation_n 〈◊〉_d obey_v here_o &_o beyond_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n will_v effect_v the_o same_o for_o gain_n will_v command_v effectual_o command_v the_o centre_n will_v command_v por_fw-es el_fw-es dinero_n bay_fw-mi la_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d perro_n say_v the_o spaniard_n
procure_v by_o merchant_n by_o or_o under_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n either_o by_o commodity_n or_o by_o money_n or_o by_o exchange_n of_o money_n according_a to_o every_o man_n profession_n and_o occasion_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n some_o by_o commodity_n only_o other_o by_o money_n &_o other_o by_o exchange_n for_o money_n or_o by_o all_o three_o mean_n trade_n three_o mean_n of_o trade_n or_o some_o of_o they_o which_o yield_v most_o benefit_n as_o we_o shall_v declare_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o plain_a and_o significant_a word_n fit_a for_o every_o man_n understanding_n without_o affectation_n of_o superficiary_a term_n of_o art_n by_o demonstrative_a reason_n and_o infallible_a argument_n illustrate_v by_o simile_n notwithstanding_o the_o refuter_n objection_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o answer_v as_o they_o shall_v occur_v unto_o i_o have_v by_o this_o index_n purgatorius_fw-la dissolve_v some_o frantic_a disease_n of_o his_o brain_n which_o may_v have_v obscure_v the_o thing_n material_a of_o this_o important_a business_n thus_o have_v resolve_v to_o contain_v myself_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o modesty_n remember_v the_o say_n of_o socrates_n if_o a_o ass_n kick_v thou_o will_v thou_o kick_v he_o again_o i_o be_o only_a to_o address_v some_o few_o speech_n unto_o he_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n alas_o poor_a man_n you_o do_v so_o often_o deplore_v my_o ignorance_n by_o these_o word_n to_o extol_v your_o learning_n who_o be_v never_o graduate_v in_o school_n do_v you_o think_v to_o conjure_v i_o within_o the_o circuit_n of_o your_o circle_n wherein_o you_o be_v enclose_v i_o be_o not_o to_o follow_v your_o method_n of_o circulation_n especial_o when_o you_o strive_v to_o commend_v and_o make_v good_a that_o within_o book_n which_o be_v never_o in_o question_n and_o malicious_o urge_v some_o thing_n without_o book_n that_o be_v never_o mean_v by_o word_n nor_o writing_n to_o be_v defend_v neither_o can_v i_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o matter_n by_o your_o meander_n or_o excursion_n and_o vain_a disputation_n de_fw-fr lana_fw-la caprina_fw-la you_o do_v embrace_v with_o ixion_n a_o cloud_n for_o juno_n and_o with_o narcissus_n love_v your_o own_o shadow_n for_o a_o water_n nymph_n leave_v your_o profanation_n of_o god_n word_n in_o your_o passionate_a writing_n for_o the_o high_a point_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o know_v that_o we_o know_v nothing_o and_o so_o i_o end_v with_o a_o observation_n only_o of_o such_o other_o absurdity_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n or_o zone_n chap._n 1._o that_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n place_v under_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n 2._o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n in_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n chap._n 3._o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a chap._n 4._o a_o examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n into_o other_o country_n place_v in_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n chap._n 5._o the_o mean_n to_o balance_v the_o trade_n of_o england_n by_o the_o say_a centre_n or_o the_o remedy_n against_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n thereof_o place_v in_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n chap._n i._n that_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o zone_n or_o arctic_a circle_n of_o the_o north_n let_v we_o direct_v our_o compass_n according_a to_o this_o north_n star_n of_o the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n and_o so_o proceed_v methodical_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n so_o general_a in_o any_o thing_n which_o admit_v not_o some_o exception_n but_o to_o ground_v any_o thing_n upon_o a_o exception_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o general_a rule_n be_v never_o do_v by_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n all_o misseldens_n contradiction_n be_v ground_v upon_o exception_n and_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v neglect_v as_o for_o example_n the_o ship_n name_v the_o dragon_n come_v from_o the_o east_n indies_n absurdity_n misseldens_n absurdity_n be_v drive_v by_o necessity_n to_o sail_v a_o great_a part_n of_o her_o way_n without_o a_o rudder_n 22._o p._n 22._o shall_v we_o make_v a_o rule_n hereof_o and_o sail_v without_o a_o rudder_n or_o compass_n statesman_n have_v observe_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o coin_n do_v general_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n shall_v we_o term_v this_o a_o fallacy_n 39_o p._n 39_o because_o that_o the_o linen_n in_o germany_n have_v these_o two_o or_o three_o year_n last_o come_v thence_o so_o cheap_a notwithstanding_o they_o be_v buy_v with_o money_n give_v out_o at_o high_a rate_n especial_o when_o intestine_a war_n make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a as_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n have_v observe_v in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n again_o when_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v raise_v general_o with_o the_o price_n of_o money_n enhance_v 25._o p._n 25._o shall_v we_o contradict_v the_o same_o because_o one_o commodity_n as_o clove_n be_v not_o rise_v but_o sell_v as_o a_o staple_n ware_n likewise_o when_o money_n be_v not_o import_v when_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n of_o they_o again_o money_n decay_v of_o their_o price_n be_v import_v again_o shall_v we_o deny_v this_o principle_n when_o money_n be_v bring_v in_o be_v decry_v or_o make_v bullion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o jacobus_n and_o other_o coin_n have_v be_v of_o late_a in_o holland_n and_o those_o part_n which_o cause_v some_o quantity_n for_o a_o time_n to_o be_v import_v again_o when_o general_o all_o divine_n do_v interpret_v and_o understand_v the_o hebrew_n word_n neshech_n to_o be_v the_o bite_n of_o a_o dog_n or_o a_o gnaw_a as_o a_o dog_n do_v upon_o a_o bone_n concern_v usury_n which_o the_o learned_a doctor_n felton_n now_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o doctor_n wilson_n the_o civilian_n have_v so_o plain_o expound_v in_o their_o two_o treatise_n of_o usury_n 44._o p._n 44._o shall_v we_o disallow_v hereof_o because_o one_o rabbi_n bechai_n do_v take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o bite_n or_o suck_v of_o a_o serpent_n the_o general_a trade_n all_o the_o world_n over_o be_v make_v by_o the_o rule_n and_o square_v of_o money_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la in_o all_o country_n where_o money_n be_v use_v to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o commodity_n now_o albeit_o that_o there_o be_v some_o country_n where_o they_o have_v no_o money_n but_o commodity_n be_v barter_v by_o way_n of_o commutation_n in_o kind_n shall_v we_o abandon_v therefore_o the_o general_a rule_n or_o institution_n of_o money_n and_o judge_v by_o the_o particular_a or_o exception_n absit_fw-la ignoranti●_n misselden_n do_v confess_v 20._o p._n 20._o that_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o man_n and_o man_n but_o exchange_n for_o money_n he_o utter_o deni_v to_o be_v so_o between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n this_o assume_v opinion_n of_o he_o by_o a_o certain_a chimaera_n swim_v in_o his_o brain_n may_v find_v some_o kind_n of_o entertainment_n in_o a_o weak_a man_n judgement_n if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o prohibit_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n but_o where_o money_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v carry_v out_o there_o must_v of_o necessity_n some_o other_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o answer_v the_o same_o unless_o we_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n in_o kind_n and_o then_o money_n will_v not_o be_v useful_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n this_o exchange_n for_o money_n can_v be_v otherwise_o but_o with_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o very_a value_n of_o the_o material_n whereof_o the_o money_n be_v make_v for_o we_o do_v not_o exchange_v for_o cockle_n shell_n so_o that_o the_o inward_a value_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n by_o weight_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o exchange_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v and_o consequent_o this_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n which_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v and_o to_o apply_v the_o common_a say_n 13._o p._n 13._o mendacem_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la memorem_fw-la by_o way_n of_o retortion_n his_o own_o argument_n like_a unto_o goliath_n sword_n will_v convince_v he_o and_o take_v away_o the_o breath_n of_o his_o wilful_a opinion_n for_o