as_o a_o river_n or_o brook_n must_v be_v contain_v under_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n as_o a_o entire_a body_n with_o the_o land_n therefore_o sometime_o mention_n be_v make_v also_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o sea_n flow_v in_o as_o of_o a_o sea_n reckon_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n &_o current_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o opposite_a shore_n as_o for_o example_n of_o the_o sea_n flanders_n or_o as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o some_o ancient_a 5._o manuscript_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o certain_a letter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o carolois_n and_o to_o the_o governor_n of_o ypres_n gaunt_n and_o bruges_n dein_n la_v jurisdiction_n &_o l'estrem_fw-la de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mere_a de_fw-fr flanders_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n and_o stream_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o flanders_n which_o be_v all_o one_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o sea_n so_o flow_v in_o or_o make_v a_o inlet_n or_o harbour_n before_o the_o opposite_a shore_n all_o that_o which_o remain's_n or_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o those_o opposite_a country_n and_o england_n be_v ever_o esteem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o english_a dominion_n according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v former_o show_v so_o that_o a_o late_a writer_n doubtless_o be_v in_o a_o dream_n when_o upon_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o dock_n at_o mardike_n he_o write_v praefixâ_fw-la that_o he_o see_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n restore_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o so_o i_o have_v do_v with_o this_o point_n touch_v the_o declaration_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o our_o king_n make_v by_o those_o foreign_a and_o neighbor-nation_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v in_o the_o business_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o chap._n xxx_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o general_a of_o the_o english_a or_o british_a sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o chief_o as_o it_o lie_v either_o east_n or_o south_n it_o rest_v now_o that_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o western_a as_o also_o the_o scotish_n and_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o the_o whole_a british_a sea_n that_o remain_n it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n lie_v before_o england_n be_v understand_v as_o well_o in_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v exhibit_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n to_o the_o commissioner_n depute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n above_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o wherein_o we_o so_o often_o read_v le_fw-fr mer_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n as_o in_o the_o king_n be_v commission-before_a mention_v wherein_o our_o king_n be_v expressly-declared_n lord_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o repeat_v what_o be_v 24._o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n about_o the_o essoyn_n or_o excuse_v of_o a_o man_n absent_a in_o ireland_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n allege_v before_o which_o make_v to_o this_o purpose_n moreover_o also_o we_o read_v every_o where_o that_o all_o the_o isle_n in_o this_o neighbour_a sea_n be_v call_v british_n as_o we_o observe_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n just_a as_o if_o the_o narrow_a sea_n flow_v between_o like_o river_n or_o turn_n of_o river_n do_v disjoin_v those_o bank_n or_o shore_n from_o great_a britain_n as_o 〈◊〉_d fragment_n of_o the_o same_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o narrow_a sea_n themselves_o with_o the_o isle_n even_o as_o river_n with_o their_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o british_a territory_n and_o hereunto_o especial_o relate_n also_o that_o expression_n in_o the_o libel_n so_o often_o cite_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v lord_n both_o of_o the_o english_a sea_n or_o of_o the_o british_a so_o far_o as_o it_o stretch_v before_o england_n and_o also_o of_o the_o isle_n situate_v therein_o par_fw-fr raison_fw-fr du_fw-fr royalme_n d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr by_o right_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la say_v stand_v in_o this_o sea_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n betwixt_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n reckon_v of_o old_a among_o the_o land-province_n of_o england_n even_o as_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n lundie_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v understand_v otherwise_o by_o those_o man_n of_o ancient_a time_n who_o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o dispute_n whether_o this_o isle_n ought_v by_o right_a to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o appendant_a of_o england_n or_o ireland_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o determine_v the_o controversy_n on_o this_o manner_n they_o bring_v venomous_a serpent_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o isle_n do_v entertain_v and_o cherish_v they_o as_o well_o as_o england_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o great_a britain_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o ireland_n destroy_v they_o it_o be_v conclude_v say_v 15._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la who_o live_v under_o henry_n the_o second_o by_o the_o common_a censure_n of_o all_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v ascribe_v unto_o england_n for_o if_o they_o have_v so_o think_v the_o territory_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o england_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o land_n and_o sea_n to_o be_v dis-joined_n from_o this_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o they_o have_v conceive_v the_o sea_n lie_v between_o either_o common_a to_o all_o man_n or_o by_o ancient_a right_a subject_n to_o other_o than_o the_o king_n either_o of_o ireland_n or_o britain_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a controversy_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o touch_v the_o bound_n of_o england_n or_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n but_o that_o a_o question_n about_o bound_n may_v be_v admit_v between_o owner_n that_o be_v neighbour_n where_o the_o territory_n of_o both_o be_v not_o continual_a or_o contiguous_a be_v beyond_o my_o understanding_n it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o regundorum_fw-la paulus_n that_o if_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_a or_o public_a river_n intervene_v which_o belong_v to_o neither_o of_o the_o neighbour_a owner_n a_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v upon_o that_o title_n of_o the_o law_n finium_fw-la regundorum_fw-la and_o true_o after_o that_o quintus_fw-la fabius_n labeo_n be_v 1._o appoint_v arbiter_n by_o the_o senate_n betwixt_o the_o nolan_n and_o neapolitan_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o field_n have_v so_o crafty_o persuade_v both_o of_o they_o to_o retire_v backward_o apart_o from_o each_o other_o that_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o field_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o he_o adjudge_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n there_o can_v not_o any_o controversy_n arise_v far_o between_o they_o about_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o field_n because_o there_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o confine_n betwixt_o they_o but_o if_o any_o question_n arise_v afterward_o they_o be_v both_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n even_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o that_o question_n to_o which_o of_o the_o two_o country_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n ought_v by_o right_o to_o be_v ascribe_v it_o arise_v chief_o upon_o this_o ground_n because_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o ireland_n and_o britain_n and_o at_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o for_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o very_a soil_n only_o without_o a_o civil_a consideration_n of_o dominion_n though_o they_o will_v have_v here_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o be_v the_o evidence_n thereof_o as_o a_o lot_n for_o decision_n it_o ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o britain_n or_o ireland_n than_o to_o norway_n spain_n or_o france_n where_o every_o man_n know_v that_o venomous_a creature_n be_v breed_v as_o well_o as_o in_o britain_n therefore_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o england_n or_o britain_n in_o that_o ancient_a decision_n be_v so_o immediate_o to_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o british_a territory_n that_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n may_v true_o and_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr be_v call_v a_o land-province_n of_o england_n or_o britain_n see_v the_o english_a territory_n be_v so_o continual_o extend_v as_o far_o as_o its_o western_a coast_n that_o which_o bend'_v westward_o from_o the_o very_o confine_v be_v ascribe_v to_o ireland_n and_o therefore_o queen_n elisabeth_n commissioner_n let_v fall_v those_o word_n too_o unadvised_o in_o the_o 〈…〉_o treaty_n hold_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o danish_a commissioner_n about_o free_a navigation_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o norwegian_a
they_o above_o other_o nation_n but_o since_o they_o break_v out_o like_o a_o inundation_n and_o with_o a_o draw_a sword_n declare_v prodigious_a principle_n of_o enmity_n against_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n it_o be_v presume_v a_o thing_n unquestionable_a that_o due_a defence_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v till_o they_o be_v reduce_v within_o their_o ancient_a limit_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v permit_v in_o the_o least_o to_o lord_n it_o at_o sea_n as_o they_o want_v not_o will_n and_o advantage_n and_o have_v give_v you_o experience_n of_o their_o encroach_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v they_o will_v be_v ever_o seek_v opportunity_n to_o impose_v a_o lord_n upon_o you_o by_o land_n may_v you_o go_v on_o therefore_o right_a honourable_a as_o you_o have_v begin_v and_o do_v and_o the_o god_n of_o heaven_n go_v along_o with_o the_o you_o upon_o term_n of_o honour_n &_o justice_n in_o such_o a_o way_n that_o man_n may_v understand_v as_o you_o will_v do_v no_o wrong_n at_o what_o rate_n they_o must_v offend_v you_o not_o only_o our_o eye_n but_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o the_o world_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o carriage_n and_o conduct_n of_o this_o noble_a enterprise_n by_o sea_n when_o you_o have_v acquit_v your_o selus_fw-la there_o as_o not_o doubt_v you_o will_v do_v have_v already_o give_v the_o same_o demonstration_n of_o wisdom_n and_o courage_n that_o you_o have_v do_v by_o land_n your_o war_n through_o god_n blessing_n will_v at_o once_o be_v end_v it_o will_v draw_v such_o a_o reverence_n &_o repute_v to_o your_o affair_n that_o man_n will_v beware_v how_o they_o provoke_v you_o and_o your_o worst_a enemy_n despair_v of_o any_o future_a opportunity_n the_o late_a engagement_n &_o success_n of_o your_o fleet_n at_o sea_n have_v show_v that_o the_o great_a god_n have_v own_v you_o there_o that_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v you_o destitute_a of_o mean_n that_o the_o old_a english_a blood_n &_o since_o of_o honour_n run_v still_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o your_o seaman_n and_o thereby_o give_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o who_o have_v appear_v so_o glorious_o for_o you_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o wondrous_a difficulty_n by_o land_n will_v also_o manifest_v his_o wonder_n in_o the_o deep_a to_o make_v a_o final_a accomplishment_n of_o the_o good_a work_n by_o sea_n and_o be_v himself_o alone_o invest_v with_o the_o absolute_a sovereignty_n of_o sea_n &_o land_n be_v please_v to_o continue_v you_o and_o your_o successor_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o both_o for_o the_o establishment_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n in_o a_o plenary_a possession_n of_o its_o right_n and_o liberty_n to_o all_o posterity_n i_o be_o in_o my_o prayer_n and_o endeavour_n right_a honourable_a your_o honour_n be_v most_o humble_a and_o faithful_a servant_n marchamont_n nedham_n november_n 19_o 1652._o the_o author_n preface_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o i_o think_v fit_a here_o to_o forewarn_v the_o reader_n part_v whereof_o may_v be_v necessary_a even_o for_o those_o who_o be_v in_o other_o thing_n very_o well_o instruct_v the_o rest_n likewise_o not_o unprofitable_a for_o they_o who_o while_o they_o salute_v book_n by_o the_o way_n be_v wont_a through_o a_o customary_a vice_n of_o temeritie_n to_o stumble_v in_o the_o very_a threshold_n those_o thing_n concern_v either_o the_o place_n of_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v allege_v or_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n which_o be_v prove_v or_o the_o title_n of_o the_o work_n among_o testimony_n beside_o such_o as_o be_v in_o print_n and_o manuscript_n reserve_v in_o private_a man_n library_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o book_n bring_v out_o of_o record_n or_o public_a monument_n who_o credit_n i_o suppose_v every_o indifferent_a judge_n of_o matter_n will_v as_o once_o the_o probationibus_fw-la senate_n of_o rome_n do_v allow_v better_o than_o other_o witness_n at_o least_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n and_o therefore_o full_a those_o which_o lie_v in_o private_a man_n library_n you_o will_v find_v where_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o margin_n if_o omit_v there_o they_o be_v in_o my_o own_o but_o as_o to_o the_o testimony_n take_v often_o out_o of_o public_a record_n some_o likewise_o have_v the_o place_n either_o of_o the_o archive_n or_o roll_n or_o the_o name_n of_o the_o record-keeper_n office_n so_o note_v in_o the_o margin_n that_o thereby_o you_o may_v know_v immediate_o where_o to_o find_v they_o but_o some_o of_o these_o record_n that_o be_v very_o frequent_o cite_v have_v no_o place_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o name_n of_o the_o record-keeper_n express_v but_o the_o king_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o the_o year_n beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o court-roll_n be_v only_o note_v as_o many_o as_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n do_v relate_v some_o to_o those_o year_n that_o pass_v betwixt_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o other_o to_o those_o year_n that_o succeed_v down_o to_o our_o time_n they_o which_o be_v of_o the_o former_a sort_n have_v no_o place_n nor_o name_n of_o the_o record-keeper_n note_v be_v keep_v in_o the_o archive_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n but_o those_o of_o the_o latter_a sort_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n it_o have_v be_v too_o slight_a a_o matter_n to_o have_v signify_v thus_o much_o here_o to_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o our_o english_a record_n because_o by_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o court-roll_n as_o rotulorum_fw-la patentium_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la clausorum_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la parlâ—mentariorum_n rotulorum_fw-la francia_fw-la vasconiae_fw-la alemanniae_fw-la and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v record_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a chancery_n and_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n the_o very_a place_n also_o of_o the_o record_n be_v sufficient_o know_v but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o premise_v this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o well_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o my_o own_o countryman_n who_o have_v be_v stranger_n to_o the_o roll_n as_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o foreiner_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o either_o of_o they_o perhaps_o have_v a_o mind_n exact_o to_o consult_v the_o original_a of_o any_o testimony_n thence_o allege_v they_o may_v when_o the_o place_n be_v so_o describe_v the_o more_o convenient_o do_v it_o themselves_o at_o their_o own_o leisure_n if_o present_a or_o if_o absent_a obtain_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o friend_n for_o the_o record-keeper_n who_o have_v a_o special_a care_n to_o preserv_v they_o safe_o do_v usual_o give_v admittance_n at_o seasonable_a hour_n to_o all_o that_o plea_n to_o consult_v they_o and_o have_v they_o so_o place_v as_o 2._o justinian_n command_v concern_v the_o record_n of_o the_o empire_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v find_v by_o they_o that_o search_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o aforesaid_a circumstance_n of_o sea-dominion_n whereas_o there_o be_v two_o proposition_n here_o so_o far_o as_o the_o term_n may_v be_v bear_v in_o thing_n of_o a_o civil_a nature_n make_v evident_a the_o one_o that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o allman_n but_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n the_o other_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o as_o a_o inseparable_a and_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o any_o other_o kind_a either_o of_o cause_n or_o effect_n of_o sea-dominion_n be_v here_o admit_v than_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o island_n continent_n port_n or_o any_o other_o territory_n whatsoëver_o or_o province_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o prince_n nor_o that_o a_o less_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o of_o the_o land_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n receive_v among_o nation_n about_o the_o acquire_n of_o dominion_n and_o of_o justice_n itself_o as_o from_o the_o cause_n nor_o that_o the_o effect_n thereof_o be_v any_o other_o than_o what_o be_v various_o subservient_fw-fr to_o compact_n agreement_n league_n and_o treaty_n constitution_n or_o prescription_n of_o servitude_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o dominion_n by_o land_n and_o therefore_o 2._o he_o say_v well_o of_o old_a nunc_fw-la jam_fw-la cessit_fw-la pontus_n &_o omnes_fw-la patitur_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o seal_n now_o make_v appropriate_a and_o yield_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o state_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o which_o be_v admit_v in_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o territory_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o thing_n person_n
eminent_a limit_v like_o a_o mound_n but_o any_o kind_n of_o imaginary_a line_n by_o straight_a line_n crooked_a wind_n and_o turn_n and_o angle_n have_v take_v place_n in_o the_o designation_n of_o private_a dominion_n or_o in_o the_o shut_n or_o enclose_v of_o a_o thing_n possess_v in_o a_o civil_a acception_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o those_o field_n which_o be_v term_v agri_n occupatorii_n and_o arcifinii_n as_o well_o as_o any_o eminent_a and_o continue_a limit_v or_o mound_n whatsoëver_o from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o assignation_n of_o colony_n they_o call_v those_o place_n clausa_fw-la and_o extraclusa_n who_o limit_n â—ere_z divide_v only_o by_o such_o kind_n of_o line_n agrorum_fw-la julius_n frontinus_n say_v that_o field_n my_o bee_n call_v ager_n extraclusus_fw-la which_o lie_v within_o the_o border_a line_n and_o the_o century_n and_o therefore_o extraclusus_fw-la because_o it_o be_v close_v with_o the_o border_a line_n beyond_o the_o limit_n so_o the_o territory_n assign_v as_o well_o in_o the_o colony_n at_o this_o day_n carry_v into_o america_n as_o in_o that_o prodigious_a gift_n of_o pope_n alexander_n vi_o in_o the_o former_a age_n which_o be_v bound_v by_o a_o imaginary_a line_n from_o the_o â—8_o artic_a to_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n be_v close_v by_o line_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n draw_v through_o the_o degree_n of_o heaven_n that_o they_o may_v be_v possess_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n so_o the_o greek_a sea_n which_o be_v within_o the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n be_v by_o cimonis_fw-la agreement_n shut_v and_o prohibit_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o the_o persian_a emperor_n so_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o be_v shut_v or_o close_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n other_o passage_n there_o be_v every_o where_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o i_o enlarge_v myself_o too_o much_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o manifest_a therefore_o i_o forbear_v to_o light_v a_o candle_n to_o the_o sun_n farewell_o reader_n from_o the_o inner_a temple_n iv_o november_n mdcxxxv_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n pag._n 1_o chap._n ii_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o pag._n 3_o chap._n iii_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n pag._n 11_o chap._n iv_o of_o dominion_n both_o common_a to_o all_o and_o private_a also_o its_o original_a either_o by_o distribution_n or_o primarie_a occupation_n pag._n 16_o chap._n v._o the_o effect_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o what_o regard_n have_v be_v have_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o more_o ancient_a distribution_n and_o division_n of_o thing_n pag._n 24_o chap._n vi_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o divine_a oracle_n of_o holy_a scripture_n do_v allow_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o wide_a ocean_n also_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o at_o least_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o jewish_a law_n annex_v to_o the_o land_n of_o israël_n by_o the_o assignation_n or_o appointment_n of_o god_n himself_o pag._n 27_o chap._n vii_o that_o the_o natural-permissive_a law_n whereof_o any_o use_n may_v be_v in_o this_o place_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o noble_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a pag._n 42_o chap._n viii_o the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n pag._n 46_o chap._n ix_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a pag._n 53_o chap._n x._o that_o after_o minos_n of_o crete_n seventeen_o nation_n of_o renown_n in_o the_o east_n succeed_v each_o other_o do_v for_o very_o many_o year_n even_o without_o intermission_n enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphylian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o continent_n or_o island_n pag._n 56_o chap._n xi_o touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lacedæmonians_n and_o athenian_n moreover_o also_o that_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n in_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n pag._n 65_o chap._n xii_o other_o testimony_n which_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n pag._n 69_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o spinetans_n tuscan_n carthaginian_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o west_n pag._n 74_o chap._n fourteen_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v their_o custom_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n pag._n 77_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v pag._n 89_o chap._n xvi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o gâ—nova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoêse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n pag._n 99_o chap._n xvii_o concern_v the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o portugal_n and_o spaniard_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 107_o chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v admit_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n or_o opinion_n of_o the_o french_a pag_n 111_o chap._n xix_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n pag._n 118_o chap._n xx._n a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n pag._n 123_o chap._n xxi_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a pag._n 127_o chap._n xxii_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o concern_v its_o magnitude_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n pag._n 135_o chap._n xxiii_o a_o answer_n to_o such_o testimony_n as_o have_v fall_v from_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o subject_n and_o which_o be_v usual_o allege_v against_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 145_o chap._n xxiv_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n pag._n 150_o chap._n xxv_o touch_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n his_o answer_n that_o himself_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v common_o translate_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o l._n deprecatio_fw-la ff_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a answer_n and_o a_o new_a but_o genuine_a exposition_n of_o it_o also_o that_o it_o comprehend'_v nothing_o which_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 157_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o modern_a lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n especial_o of_o fernannandus_n vasquius_fw-la and_o hugo_n grotius_n pag._n 168_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n pag._n 181_o chap._n ii_o that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n do_v enjoy_v and_o possess_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n especial_o
the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n p._n 188_o chap._n iii_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o northern_a sea_n before_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n make_v one_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n pag._n 201_o chap._n iv_o that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n follow_v the_o conquest_n of_o great_a britain_n itself_o under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o domitian_n pag._n 205_o chap._n v._o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o british_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o domitian_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n chlorus_n or_o diocletian_a pag._n 211_o chap._n vi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o british_a empire_n from_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a till_o the_o roman_n quit_v the_o island_n that_o it_o be_v all_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n also_o concern_v the_o british_a navy_n under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 217_o chap._n vii_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v the_o saxon_a shore_n from_o whence_o that_o count_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n throughout_o britain_n have_v his_o title_n to_o be_v the_o british_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v plain_o prove_v to_o be_v false_o pag._n 231_o chap._n viii_o some_o evidence_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o inseparable_a dominion_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereto_o out_o of_o claudian_n and_o certain_a coin_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n pag._n 242_o chap._n ix_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n pag._n 247_o chap._n x._o it_o be_v prove_v both_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o saxon_n reign_n as_o also_o from_o their_o force_n and_o victory_n by_o sea_n that_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n who_o rule_v the_o south_n part_n of_o britain_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n pag._n 251_o chap._n xi_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o dane_n during_o their_o reign_n in_o britain_n observe_v in_o like_a manner_n from_o such_o tribute_n and_o duty_n of_o their_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n as_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n also_o concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o paiment_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v wont_v to_o beelevied_a for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n pag._n 259_o chap._n xii_o the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n pag._n 273_o chap._n xiii_o several_a testimony_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n set_v forth_o in_o general_a head_n pag._n 284_o chap._n fourteen_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n have_v perpetual_o enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n prove_v from_o the_o guard_n or_o government_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o province_n or_o territorie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o english_a admiralty_n pag._n 287_o chap._n xv._o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n assert_v from_o those_o tribute_n or_o custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v impose_v pay_v and_o demand_v for_o the_o guard_n or_o protection_n thereof_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n pag._n 295_o chap._n xvi_o observation_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a sea_n from_o the_o tenor_n and_o variety_n of_o those_o letter_n patent_n or_o commission_n royal_a whereby_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v in_o authority_n pag._n 305_o chap._n xvii_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o word_n plain_a enough_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o the_o government_n or_o command_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n from_o ancient_a to_o the_o present_a time_n that_o the_o sea_n for_o who_o guard_n or_o defence_n he_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n be_v ever_o bound_v towards_o the_o south_n by_o the_o shore_n of_o aquitain_n normandy_n and_o picardy_n pag._n 312_o chap._n xviii_o touch_v the_o admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o those_o constitute_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n their_o original_a nature_n and_o variety_n that_o the_o sea_n itself_o flow_v between_o britain_n and_o france_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o that_o command_n of_o he_o as_o of_o one_o that_o be_v governor_n of_o a_o territory_n or_o province_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o may_v oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n pag._n 321._o chap._n xix_o that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n pag._n 333_o chap._n xx._n the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n assert_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o that_o leave_v of_o preter-navigation_n or_o passage_n which_o have_v be_v usual_o either_o grant_v by_o they_o to_o foreiner_n or_o desire_v from_o they_o pag._n 344_o chap._n xxi_o that_o licence_n have_v be_v usual_o grant_v to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o that_o the_o protection_n give_v to_o fisherman_n by_o they_o as_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n be_v a_o ancient_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n pag._n 355_o chap._n xxii_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n make_v evident_a from_o the_o law_n and_o limit_n usual_o set_v by_o our_o king_n in_o the_o sea_n to_o such_o foreiner_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o each_o other_o but_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o english_a and_o concern_v the_o king_n closet_n or_o chamber_n in_o the_o sea_n also_o touch_v that_o singular_a privilege_v of_o perpetual_a truce_n or_o exemption_n from_o hostility_n in_o the_o sea_n about_o those_o isle_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n pag._n 363_o chap._n xxiii_o certain_a public_a record_n wherein_o of_o old_a the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o the_o way_n asscribe_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n both_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o also_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n debate_v of_o other_o matter_n and_o that_o in_o express_a word_n and_o with_o very_o great_a deliberation_n as_o a_o know_a and_o most_o undoubted_a right_n pag._n 375_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v pag._n 382_o chap._n xxv_o son_n ancient_a testimony_n of_o less_o account_n touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n whereof_o we_o treat_v pag._n 394_o chap._n xxvi_o that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o foreiner_n who_o it_o most_o concern_v by_o their_o usual_a strike_n of_o sail_n according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n also_o concern_v two_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n that_o be_v set_v forth_o about_o this_o thing_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n pag._n 398_o chap._n xxvii_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n pag._n 403_o chap._n xxviii_o a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n pag._n 415._o chap._n xxix_o a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o the_o fleming_n in_o a_o embassy_n to_o edward_n the_o second_o pag._n 429_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o western_a sea_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o itself_o pag._n 433
worcester_n save_v that_o in_o florentius_n we_o read_v plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la affirmat_fw-la plato_n affirm_n to_o be_v false_o that_o after_o minos_n of_o crete_n seventeen_o nation_n of_o renown_n in_o the_o east_n succeed_v each_o other_o do_v for_o very_o many_o year_n even_o without_o intermission_n enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphylian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n no_o otherwise_o than_o of_o the_o continent_n or_o island_n chap._n x._o after_o the_o time_n of_o minos_n the_o cretian_a we_o find_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n and_o africanus_n no_o less_o than_o seventeen_o eastern_a nation_n part_n of_o europe_n part_n of_o asia_n who_o for_o very_a many_o year_n so_o hold_v the_o inner_a neighbour_a sea_n as_o lord_n one_o after_o another_o that_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n take_v place_n among_o they_o all_o for_o change_v by_o course_n and_o by_o length_n of_o time_n after_o long_a possession_n through_o war_n victory_n or_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o session_n they_o every_o one_o share_v their_o period_n of_o domination_n accomplish_v among_o they_o all_o above_o five_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o year_n without_o intermission_n but_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a to_o the_o next_o which_o follow_v we_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a chronicle_n there_o fall_v out_o one_o hundred_o seventie_o five_o year_n those_o beginning_n be_v place_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o israël_n they_o which_o succeed_v be_v rank_v after_o this_o manner_n ii_o in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o lydian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n say_v 940._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o lydian_n call_v also_o maeonians_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n xcii_o year_n the_o beginning_n of_o this_o dominion_n be_v reckon_v about_o the_o time_n of_o aeneas_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o number_n of_o year_n although_o it_o have_v be_v the_o same_o both_o throughout_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o eusebius_n as_o also_o in_o his_o chronicle_n yet_o since_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o pelasgi_n which_o next_o follow_v we_o be_v sever_v by_o the_o space_n of_o cxx_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o perhaps_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v amend_v and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o cxx_o to_o be_v put_v in_o its_o place_n which_o that_o most_o excellent_a man_n isaac_n casaubon_n observe_v doubt_o also_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o polybius_n where_o he_o treat'_v very_o learned_o concern_v those_o who_o have_v have_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o east_n likewise_o marianus_n scotus_n and_o florentius_n the_o monk_n do_v mention_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o lydian_n as_o also_o of_o the_o pelasgi_n without_o any_o number_n of_o year_n iii_o the_o three_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o catalogue_n be_v the_o pelasgi_n yet_o eusebius_n say_v 960._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o pelasgi_n in_o the_o second_o place_n possess_v the_o sea_n lxxxv_o year_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n of_o solomon_n and_o those_o which_o follow_v but_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thracian_n who_o immediate_o succeed_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v reckon_v here_o rather_o lv_o year_n and_o indeed_o the_o pelasgi_n be_v second_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o according_a to_o some_o you_o either_o make_v the_o lydian_n the_o first_o or_o place_v they_o the_o first_o after_o minos_n or_o the_o cretan_n for_o so_o the_o pelasgi_n be_v plain_o the_o second_o otherwise_o the_o three_o which_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o follow_a particular_n iv_o four_o the_o thracian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o lxxix_o year_n as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o 1014._o greek_a of_o eusebius_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o reckon_v above_o nineteen_o in_o jerom_n translation_n but_o isaac_n casaubon_n be_v of_o opinion_n be_v induce_v thereto_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o rhodian_o who_o be_v next_o lord_n that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o lxxxix_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n follow_v the_o translation_n of_o eusebius_n account_n only_a xix_o year_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o thracian_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v more_o than_o once_o by_o they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a translation_n that_o the_o thracian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n jeroboam_n v._o five_o the_o rhodian_o hold_v the_o sea_n as_o lord_n 1100._o xxiii_o year_n and_o hereupon_o 4._o strabo_n commend'_v their_o industry_n in_o matter_n of_o navigation_n who_o say_v rhodes_n be_v sovereign_a lady_n of_o the_o sea_n a_o long_a time_n and_o suppress_v pirate_n in_o the_o latin_a of_o eusebius_n the_o rhodian_o be_v â—aid_v to_o have_v be_v the_o four_o in_o order_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o greek_a that_o they_o be_v the_o four_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o according_a to_o some_o the_o five_o whence_o this_o difference_n arise_v appear_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v about_o the_o pelasgi_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o rhodian_o be_v most_o renown_v chief_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o the_o sea-law_n which_o be_v use_v and_o in_o full_a force_n and_o virtue_n in_o both_o the_o empire_n be_v borrow_v from_o they_o and_o put_v into_o the_o digest_v by_o justinian_n say_v the_o emperor_n antoninus_n to_o eudaemon_n of_o nicomedia_n 8._o lege_fw-la rhodiorum_n decidantur_fw-la light_n nauticae_fw-la let_v suit_n about_o navigation_n be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o and_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o constantinus_n harmenopulus_n a_o 11._o judge_n of_o thessalonica_n they_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o sea-law_n that_o have_v not_o be_v lose_v they_o be_v take_v into_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n from_o the_o time_n of_o 265._o tiberius_n their_o beginning_n be_v place_v about_o the_o reign_n of_o jehosaphat_n but_o the_o rhodian_o be_v whole_o omit_v both_o by_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n vi_o six_o the_o phrygian_n have_v dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n xxv_o year_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 1127._o greek_a of_o eusebius_n according_a to_o other_o xxvi_o in_o the_o latin_a we_o find_v only_a xxv_o as_o also_o in_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n but_o yet_o see_v in_o the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n the_o phrygian_n be_v for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n count_v the_o five_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n isaac_n casaubon_n i_o think_v well_o observe'_v that_o that_o number_n of_o six_o do_v not_o denote_v the_o year_n but_o the_o order_n of_o dominion_n this_o lordship_n be_v reckon_v in_o the_o time_n of_o lycurgus_n vii_o seventhly_o the_o cyprian_n possess_v the_o sea_n as_o some_o say_v xxiii_o year_n according_a to_o other_o xxxi_o for_o this_o be_v find_v in_o some_o 1549._o edition_n of_o jerom_n translation_n of_o eusebius_n that_o in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n compile_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o eusebius_n and_o jerom._n but_o neither_o in_o the_o greek_a copy_n of_o eusebius_n which_o be_v extant_a nor_o in_o the_o translation_n set_v forth_o by_o joseph_n scaliger_n be_v any_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o cyprian_n nor_o true_o in_o the_o account_n of_o isaac_n casaubon_n this_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o joas_n viii_o eightly_o the_o phaenician_o possess_v the_o sea_n so_o eusebius_n marianus_n and_o florentius_n save_v that_o they_o make_v they_o the_o seven_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o different_a manner_n of_o account_n which_o have_v be_v show_v you_o touch_v their_o dominion_n the_o holy_a scripture_n themselves_o speak_v plain_o enough_o which_o also_o we_o have_v note_v before_o in_o our_o discourse_n concern_v the_o divine_a law_n the_o memorial_n of_o this_o dominion_n be_v place_v about_o the_o reign_n of_o uzziah_n king_n of_o judah_n also_o this_o nation_n of_o the_o phaenician_o become_v renown_v for_o their_o skill_n in_o navigation_n as_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o pliny_n and_o other_o and_o heretofore_o perhaps_o that_o aught_o to_o be_v refer_v which_o be_v deliver_v by_o antipater_n tarsensis_n and_o manaseas_n two_o ancient_a writer_n touch_v gatâ—â—_n queen_n of_o the_o syrian_n who_o themselves_o also_o be_v phenician_n who_o they_o will_v have_v therefore_o to_o be_v call_v atergatis_n because_o as_o antipater_n say_v she_o set_v forth_o a_o edict_n 8._o that_o none_o shall_v eat_v fish_n without_o gatis_n or_o as_o manaseas_n say_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v eat_v fish_n without_o her_o licence_n and_o permission_n but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v bring_v the_o fish_n they_o catch_v unto_o she_o that_o which_o they_o hold_v concern_v the_o original_a of_o
of_o the_o abbey_n of_o abingdon_n say_v of_o the_o same_o year_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n command_v that_o 21000_o shall_v be_v pay_v to_o his_o army_n for_o so_o that_o fleet_n be_v call_v every_o where_n in_o english_a saxon_n which_o ride_v at_o greenwich_n here_o you_o see_v be_v no_o small_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n but_o howsoever_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v of_o the_o yearly_a tax_n or_o tribute_n than_o it_o be_v far_o less_o this_o year_n than_o it_o be_v reckon_v by_o those_o monk_n who_o speak_v of_o thirty_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n four_o year_n after_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n canutus_n who_o be_v a_o dane_n a_o far_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o fleet._n that_o florentius_n who_o we_o have_v often_o cite_v say_v in_o this_o year_n that_o be_v mxviii_o seventie_o two_o thousand_o pound_n out_o of_o all_o england_n and_o one_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o pound_n out_o of_o london_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o there_o remain_v forty_o ship_n with_o k._n canutus_n but_o the_o rest_n be_v return_v to_o denmark_n of_o which_o year_n hoveden_n speak_v thus_o out_o of_o all_o england_n seventie_o two_o and_o out_o of_o london_n 410_o pound_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet._n and_o there_o remain_v etc._n etc._n they_o differ_v about_o the_o sum_n not_o the_o thing_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n before_o mention_v yet_o these_o altogether_o speak_v contrary_a to_o that_o account_n of_o the_o certain_a sum_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a monk_n but_o cottonianâ_fw-la matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_n say_v of_o the_o same_o time_n that_o cnute_n send_v home_o the_o danish_a fleet_n and_o stipendarie_n soldier_n except_o forty_o ship_n as_o appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o have_v pay_v they_o out_o of_o all_o england_n eighty_o two_o thousand_o pound_n in_o silver_n also_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o king_n hardeâ—nute_n a_o tax_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o danish_a army_n or_o fleet_n amount_v to_o 21000_o pound_n and_o 89_o pound_n as_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o which_o particular_n do_v i_o suppose_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o danish_a tribute_n here_o mention_v be_v not_o fix_v to_o any_o certain_a sum_n of_o yearly_a payment_n and_o also_o that_o a_o huge_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o that_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v that_o fleet_n always_o keep_v and_o so_o great_a tax_n levy_v every_o year_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o name_n of_o danegeld_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n tribute_n or_o tax_n be_v usual_o pay_v still_o notwithstanding_o by_o other_o name_n that_o be_v very_o well_o know_v for_o the_o guard_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o but_o they_o be_v extreme_o mistake_v even_o they_o who_o agree_v either_o with_o john_n 57_o bramton_n the_o abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n or_o some_o other_o author_n out_o of_o who_o he_o write_v it_o or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o derive_v the_o original_a of_o that_o yearly_a danegeld_n so_o often_o mention_v every_o where_o from_o the_o former_a kind_n of_o tribute_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o they_o also_o who_o 95._o will_v have_v the_o war_n to_o have_v be_v undertake_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n against_o the_o britain_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n and_o that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v that_o this_o tribute_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n impose_v upon_o the_o nation_n when_o it_o be_v subdue_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o duty_n of_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n wont_a to_o be_v pay_v in_o that_o age_n for_o naval_a expedition_n and_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v set_v they_o down_o among_o those_o particular_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n the_o petty_a king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a isle_n be_v bind_v to_o he_o by_o oath_n to_o be_v ready_a at_o his_o command_n to_o serve_v he_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o in_o that_o famous_a breviarie_n or_o register_n of_o england_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n contain_v very_o many_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o the_o english-saxons_a beside_o the_o assessment_n of_o the_o province_n and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o we_o read_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n at_o warwick_n if_o the_o king_n go_v by_o sea_n against_o his_o enemy_n to_o send_v he_o either_o iu_o batsuein_n sea-soldier_n or_o rower_n or_o else_o iv._o pound_n in_o money_n and_o at_o excester_n when_o he_o make_v any_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o by_o sea_n this_o city_n serve_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o v._o hide_v of_o land_n barnestaple_n lydeford_n and_o totenais_n serve_v as_o far_o as_o that_o city_n that_o be_v these_o three_o town_n pay_v as_o much_o as_o excester_n alone_o moreover_o gloucester_n yield_v xxxvi_o dicre_n of_o iron_n and_o c._n iron_n rod_n fit_v to_o make_v nail_n for_o the_o king_n ship_n leicester_n also_o if_o the_o king_n go_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o sea_n send_v he_o four_o horse_n from_o that_o town_n to_o london_n to_o carry_v arm_n or_o other_o necessary_n concern_v lewes_n also_o a_o chief_a town_n in_o sussex_n there_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v cxxvii_o burgher_n at_o his_o service_n their_o custom_n be_v if_o the_o king_n go_v not_o himself_o in_o person_n but_o send_v other_o to_o guard_v the_o sea_n than_o they_o collect_v xx._n shilling_n of_o every_o man_n of_o what_o country_n soëver_o he_o be_v and_o provide_v man_n who_o be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o arm_n on_o shipboard_n here_o very_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o guardianship_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o in_o colchester_n a_o eminent_a town_n of_o essex_n we_o find_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n to_o pay_v out_o of_o every_o house_n six_o penny_n a_o year_n that_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o king_n soldier_n upon_o a_o expedition_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o rate_n if_o the_o king_n shall_v entertain_v soldier_n or_o make_v any_o expedition_n all_o these_o particular_n be_v in_o that_o register_n and_o other_o there_o be_v in_o it_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o a_o expedition_n by_o sea_n signify_v in_o these_o testimony_n not_o a_o war_n to_o be_v undertake_v for_o subdue_a the_o dominion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n land_n but_o most_o clear_o a_o preparation_n and_o enterprise_n of_o war_n for_o the_o guard_n scour_a and_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o britain_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n for_o we_o do_v not_o read_v that_o our_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n have_v any_o other_o quarrel_n at_o that_o time_n with_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n whatsoëver_o unless_o it_o concern_v either_o the_o british_a island_n or_o the_o sea_n belong_v thereunto_o which_o also_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o testimony_n of_o edgar_n and_o canutus_n king_n of_o england_n with_o other_o express_o declare_v the_o dominion_n which_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n have_v over_o the_o sea_n together_o with_o a_o observation_n touch_v the_o nation_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o opposite_a shore_n chap._n xii_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n set_v a_o end_n to_o that_o fourfold_a distribution_n which_o we_o make_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o that_o age_n let_v we_o in_o the_o last_o place_n add_v the_o express_a determination_n of_o king_n edgar_n and_o canutus_n concern_v their_o own_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o for_o edgar_n the_o title_n which_o he_o common_o use_v run_v thus_o 8._o i_o edgar_n sovereign_a lord_n of_o all_o albion_n and_o of_o the_o maritime_a or_o insular_n king_n inhabit_v round_o about_o so_o he_o make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o maritime_a kingdom_n that_o lay_v about_o that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o that_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o this_o he_o more_o plain_o declare'_v in_o the_o charter_n or_o deed_n by_o which_o he_o settle_v revenue_n on_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n in_o the_o year_n dcccclxiv_n if_o so_o be_v the_o copy_n be_v right_o render_v by_o those_o who_o many_o year_n since_o print_v so_o
much_o of_o it_o as_o concern_v this_o title_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 619._o altitonantis_fw-la dei_fw-la largifluâ_fw-la clementia_fw-la qui_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la regum_fw-la ego_fw-la edgarus_n anglorum_fw-la basileus_n omniúmque_fw-la regum_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceanique_fw-la britanniani_n circumjacentis_fw-la so_o john_n dee_fw-mi a_o man_n very_o well_o see_v in_o most_o part_n of_o learning_n do_v read_v it_o a_o good_a while_n since_o save_v only_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o britannian_a he_o have_v britanniani_n while_o 163._o other_o read_v insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la circumjacent_a cunctarúmque_fw-la nationum_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la eam_fw-la includuntur_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la gratias_fw-la ago_o ipsi_fw-la deo_fw-la omnipotenti_fw-la regimeo_fw-la qui_fw-la meum_fw-la imperium_fw-la sic_fw-la ampliavit_fw-la &_o exaltavit_fw-la super_fw-la regnum_fw-la patrum_fw-la mâ—orum_fw-la qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la adepti_fw-la sint_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la athelstani_fw-la qui_fw-la primus_fw-la regnum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la nationes_fw-la quae_fw-la britanniam_fw-la incolunt_fw-la sibi_fw-la armis_fw-la subegit_fw-la nullus_fw-la tamen_fw-la illâ—rum_fw-la ultra_fw-la ejus_fw-la fine_n imperium_fw-la suum_fw-la dilatare_fw-la aggressus_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la autem_fw-la concessit_fw-la propitia_fw-la divinitas_fw-la cum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la imperio_fw-la omne_fw-la regna_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceani_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la ferocissimis_fw-la regibus_fw-la usque_fw-la norwegiam_fw-la maximámque_fw-la partem_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la cum_fw-la suâ_fw-la nobilissimâ_fw-la civitate_fw-la dublinia_n anglorum_fw-la regno_fw-la subjugare_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnes_fw-la meis_fw-la imperiis_fw-la colla_fw-la subdere_fw-la dei_fw-la favente_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la coëgi_fw-la by_o the_o abundant_a goodness_n of_o almighty_a god_n who_o be_v the_o king_n of_o king_n i_o edgar_z king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o island_n and_o of_o the_o ocean_n lie_v round_o about_o britain_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v include_v within_o the_o circuit_n thereof_o supreme_a lord_n and_o governor_n do_v render_v thanks_o to_o the_o same_o almighty_a god_n my_o king_n who_o have_v enlarge_v my_o empire_n thus_o and_o exalt_v it_o above_o the_o royal_a estate_n of_o my_o progenitor_n who_o although_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o england_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o athelstane_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n subdue_v the_o english_a and_o all_o the_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v britain_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o ever_o attempt_v to_o promote_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n thereof_o but_o the_o divine_a goodness_n have_v favour_a i_o so_o far_o as_o beside_o the_o english_a empire_n to_o enable_v i_o to_o subdue_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o ocean_n with_o their_o most_o stout_a and_o mighty_a king_n even_o as_o far_o as_o norway_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o irland_n together_o with_o their_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o dublin_n all_o which_o by_o god_n grace_n and_o assistance_n i_o have_v subdue_v and_o make_v their_o neck_n to_o stoop_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o my_o command_n whereas_o he_o say_v that_o none_o of_o his_o progenitor_n have_v attempt_v to_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o britain_n it_o must_v be_v so_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a bound_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o mention_n of_o irland_n and_o norway_n so_o that_o then_o more_o island_n than_o the_o name_n of_o britain_n do_v comprehend_v or_o than_o the_o isle_n of_o that_o sea_n together_o with_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v bring_v under_o his_o dominion_n but_o king_n canutus_n or_o cnute_n have_v leave_v a_o testimony_n also_o whereby_o he_o most_o express_o assert_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n he_o place_v himself_o on_o a_o seat_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n as_o it_o flow_v upon_o southampton_n shore_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o demonstrate_v to_o his_o flatterer_n that_o king_n themselves_o be_v but_o man_n be_v report_v to_o have_v make_v trial_n of_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v flood_n after_o this_o manner_n thou_o o_o sea_n be_v under_o my_o dominion_n as_o the_o land_n also_o upon_o which_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o and_o there_o never_o be_v any_o that_o disobey_v my_o command_n without_o punishment_n therefore_o i_o command_v thou_o not_o to_o ascend_v up_o upon_o my_o land_n nor_o do_v thou_o presume_v to_o wet_v the_o foot_n or_o garment_n of_o thy_o sovereign_n but_o the_o tide_n say_v huntingdon_n and_o florilegus_n who_o relate_v this_o story_n swell_v as_o at_o other_o time_n do_v very_o unmannerly_a wet_v not_o only_o the_o foot_n but_o leg_n of_o his_o majesty_n whereupon_o the_o king_n leap_v up_o proclaim_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n none_o to_o be_v worthy_a the_o name_n of_o king_n but_o he_o alone_o who_o command_n be_v both_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o they_o obey_v and_o from_o that_o time_n he_o refuse_v to_o wear_v his_o crown_n of_o gold_n consecrate_v it_o to_o a_o crucifix_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o here_o open_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o land_n hereunto_o may_v be_v add_v some_o testimony_n of_o other_o writer_n which_o although_o they_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a yet_o they_o be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o the_o english_a history_n and_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o ancestor_n well_o infoun_v of_o the_o most_o authentic_a opinion_n and_o resolu_n concern_v the_o english_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n geofâ—rie_o chaucer_n who_o be_v not_o only_o the_o most_o famous_a poêt_fw-fr of_o his_o time_n but_o as_o learning_n go_v in_o those_o day_n a_o very_a well_o accomplish_v scholar_n in_o one_o of_o his_o canterbury_n tale_n bring_v we_o in_o his_o man_n of_o law_n tell_v a_o story_n which_o he_o will_v have_v relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o alla_n king_n of_o northumberland_n who_o reign_v thirty_o year_n and_o his_o reign_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n dlix_o in_o this_o tale_n there_o be_v bring_v in_o a_o lady_n call_v constantia_n the_o daughter_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o roman_a emperor_n marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n drive_v she_o be_v by_o weather_n to_o a_o place_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o fortress_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o northumberland_n and_o there_o the_o ship_n run_v aground_o she_o be_v a_o christian_a banish_v for_o her_o religion_n and_o there_o take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o commander_n of_o that_o fortress_n in_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o sad_a adventure_n of_o constantia_n he_o say_v what_o indeed_o be_v true_a that_o christian_a religion_n be_v not_o receive_v into_o any_o part_n of_o that_o territory_n but_o that_o pagan_n have_v overrun_v and_o do_v hold_v those_o northern_a country_n under_o their_o dominion_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o land_n his_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v these_o in_o all_o that_o land_n dursten_a non_fw-it christian_a rout_n all_o christian_a folk_n be_v flee_v from_o the_o country_n through_o paynim_n that_o conquer_v all_o about_o the_o plague_n of_o northumberland_n by_o land_n &_o see_n he_o say_v discreet_o that_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n fall_v to_o the_o conqueror_n of_o this_o isle_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n know_v what_o be_v the_o resolution_n and_o general_o receive_v opinion_n of_o his_o ancestor_n concern_v that_o matter_n he_o live_v two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n ago_o in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o nor_o be_v it_o any_o prejudice_n to_o this_o authority_n that_o the_o other_o thing_n there_o relate_v be_v fabulous_a for_o we_o know_v that_o out_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o heliodorus_n achilles_n tatius_n theodorus_n prodromus_n eustathius_n and_o such_o other_o whether_o of_o a_o amorous_a or_o any_o other_o strain_n sometime_o many_o useful_a observation_n may_v be_v gather_v concern_v the_o custom_n manner_n and_o receive_v opinion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o man_n among_o who_o they_o be_v feign_v to_o be_v act_v as_o of_o the_o time_n to_o which_o they_o be_v relate_v john_n harding_n also_o who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o write_v a_o history_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n in_o vers_fw-la when_o he_o reckon_v up_o those_o prince_n that_o swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n canutus_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o 117._o he_o add_v so_o do_v the_o king_n of_o wales_n of_o high_a parage_n and_o all_o the_o northwest_n ocean_n for_o their_o kingdom_n and_o for_o their_o land_n then_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o that_o time_n by_o the_o great_a king_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o all_o the_o north-western_a
officer_n that_o be_v call_v precedent_n or_o 16._o master_n of_o the_o water_n and_o forest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o public_a water_n which_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o over_o which_o the_o king_n have_v dominion_n do_v belong_v to_o another_o dignity_n not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o admiral_n who_o according_a to_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o any_o province_n there_o much_o less_o of_o the_o river_n as_o in_o england_n the_o principal_a intent_n therefore_o of_o this_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v only_o to_o command_v the_o fleet_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o some_o year_n since_o henry_n of_o momorancie_n admiral_n of_o france_n have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n on_o horse_n back_o at_o chantillie_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n henry_n duke_n of_o momorancie_n 1612._o call_v himself_o in_o latin_a only_a navalis_fw-la militiae_fw-la magistrum_fw-la master_n of_o the_o militia_n by_o sea_n instead_o of_o admiral_n so_o that_o never_o any_o admiral_n constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n either_o of_o france_n or_o britain_n or_o aquitain_n have_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereby_o he_o may_v challenge_v a_o dominion_n to_o himself_o as_o governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o belgic_a and_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n and_o of_o the_o cantabrian_a or_o spanish_a shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o all_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a have_v be_v and_o be_v alike_o we_o know_v indeed_o that_o this_o dignity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o france_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n as_o the_o same_o dignity_n among_o the_o english_a be_v usual_o call_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n in_o etc._n several_a league_n that_o have_v be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o french_a but_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o have_v be_v show_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o office_n or_o dignity_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o a_o different_a account_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o dignity_n be_v to_o be_v value_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o charge_n not_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n or_o title_n and_o let_v so_o much_o serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o defect_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n and_o the_o nature_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o government_n but_o now_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o most_o ample_a and_o entire_a command_n of_o the_o english_a for_o very_a many_o age_n and_o the_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o those_o several_a government_n heretofore_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v almost_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a one_o entire_a empire_n throughout_o england_n and_o so_o on_o the_o whole_a shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o germany_n france_n and_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v biscay_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o heptarchy_n which_o be_v mention_v by_o writer_n for_o there_o be_v always_o some_o one_o person_n who_o have_v most_o power_n therein_o and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v obedience_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 97._o beda_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o alcuinus_fw-la where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o be_v indeed_o of_o the_o most_o large_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o midland_n part_v of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o charles_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n navigation_n be_v so_o 1669_o prohibit_v on_o both_o side_n that_o trade_n be_v whole_o obstruct_v which_o true_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o these_o large_a territory_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o offa_n yea_o the_o inscription_n whereby_o offa_n be_v wont_a to_o set_v forth_o his_o royal_a title_n be_v often_o express_v after_o this_o manner_n etc._n offa_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o also_o of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o but_o after_o the_o time_n of_o egbert_n or_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o continue_a catalogue_n plain_a enough_o of_o those_o king_n whether_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n who_o unless_o you_o fond_o except_o edmund_n the_o anglo_n saxon_n and_o canutus_n the_o dane_n by_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v for_o some_o little_a time_n divide_v do_v reign_v without_o any_o other_o sharer_n in_o the_o dominion_n upon_o this_o shore_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v entire_a and_o absolute_a lord_n in_o command_n of_o so_o ample_a a_o shore_n for_o so_o many_o age_n do_v also_o take_v special_a care_n to_o retain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n lie_v before_o it_o as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n especial_o see_v they_o not_o only_o have_v so_o long_o and_o large_a a_o command_n likewise_o on_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o but_o also_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v it_o except_o such_o as_o possess_v some_o petty_a country_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o true_o may_v be_v so_o call_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o spacious_a shore_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v under_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o this_o be_v see_v that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o great_a grand-father_n day_n there_o be_v only_o a_o very_a small_a shore_n contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o french_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n by_o the_o addition_n whereof_o that_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n upon_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o province_n and_o see_v no_o testimony_n can_v be_v have_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o ancient_a writer_n concern_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o that_o very_o many_o be_v find_v touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o have_v continual_o possess_v the_o whole_a english_a shore_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n under_o one_o entire_a empire_n for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o concern_v the_o perpetual_a enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o their_o right_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o this_o particular_a and_o so_o that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v a_o province_n under_o the_o tuition_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o be_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o a_o sens_fw-fr as_o may_v signify_v any_o dominion_n of_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o sea_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o port_n or_o other_o in-lets_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o some_o age_n since_o very_o many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n understand_v well_o enough_o the_o right_n of_o england_n make_v their_o complaint_n in_o express_a term_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o that_o l'_fw-fr office_n del_fw-it admiralté_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr per_fw-la commission_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n tourcenousment_n emprist_n &_o usa_fw-la un_fw-fr a_fw-fr &_o plux_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v because_o he_o have_v arrogate_a to_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n the_o old_a record_n from_o whence_o this_o be_v take_v be_v set_v down_o entire_a by_o and_o by_o where_o you_o have_v more_o also_o that_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o so_o much_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n territory_n or_o province_n and_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n chap._n xix_o that_o a_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o this_o southern_a sea_n have_v be_v hold_v also_o of_o old_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o a_o little_a manifest_a by_o the_o dominion_n of_o
to_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o england_n to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o man_n may_v question_v whether_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n or_o of_o any_o other_o province_n in_o france_n another_o also_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o say_v it_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o ancient_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o lord_z of_o the_o british_a sea_n to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o pirate_n and_o to_o render_v the_o use_n thereof_o as_o of_o a_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_a who_o soil_n be_v within_o his_o patrimony_n safe_a for_o ship_n for_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o english_a thus_o 51._o the_o king_n of_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n be_v bind_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o scour_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o petit_fw-la robber_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o much_o also_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v dominion_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v by_o our_o 260._o lawyer_n of_o late_a time_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o public_a record_n contain_v divers_a main_a point_n touch_v which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o be_v consult_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common-weal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o that_o the_o king_n sea-dominion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n among_o our_o lawyer_n of_o that_o age._n but_o consultation_n be_v have_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a guard_n of_o it_o for_o the_o whole_a bench_n of_o judge_n be_v advise_v with_o to_o the_o end_n so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o the_o condinensi_fw-la record_n and_o that_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o find_v here_o about_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o naval_a law_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n seat_v in_o the_o creek_n of_o aquitain_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n charente_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_v heretofore_o ordain_v and_o begin_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o grandfather_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n at_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o subject_n may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v for_o the_o retain_v and_o conserve_n of_o the_o ancient_a superiority_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o correct_v expound_v declare_v and_o conserve_n the_o law_n and_o statute_n long_o since_o make_v by_o his_o predecessor_n king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o all_o people_n of_o what_o nation_n soëver_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o to_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o attempt_n to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o same_o and_o to_o punish_v offender_n and_o award_n satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o suffer_v wrong_a and_o damage_n which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n richard_n heretofore_o king_n of_o england_n at_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n interpret_v declare_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n and_o name_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr ley_fw-fr olyroun_n here_o you_o have_v it_o declare_v as_o a_o thing_n most_o receive_v and_o certain_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o ancient_a right_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o which_o flow'_v about_o it_o but_o that_o whereof_o the_o bench_n of_o judge_n be_v to_o consult_v be_v only_o about_o the_o orderly_a maintenance_n of_o this_o right_n nor_o be_v it_o true_o a_o small_a sign_n of_o this_o dominion_n that_o richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n which_o he_o possess_v as_o seat_v in_o his_o own_o sea_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o aquitain_n as_o king_n of_o england_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v do_v as_o sole_a ruler_n and_o moderator_n of_o sea-affair_n first_o publish_v those_o naval_a or_o sea-law_n in_o that_o his_o island_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n to_o this_o day_n and_o from_o that_o time_n give_v they_o so_o large_a and_o perpetual_a a_o authority_n by_o that_o name_n that_o as_o the_o rhodian_a naval_a law_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v do_v prove_v that_o the_o rhodian_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o grecian_a sea_n so_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n have_v 19_o obtain_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o authority_n by_o sea_n from_o their_o first_o institution_n must_v ever_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o the_o author_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n round_o about_o but_o some_o print_a copy_n of_o these_o law_n make_v they_o about_o sixty_o year_n late_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o richard_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o can_v tell_v for_o they_o relate_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n mcclxvi_o which_o be_v the_o fifty_o year_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o three_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o privilege_n of_o such_o as_o be_v absent_a that_o they_o who_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o the_o levy_n of_o a_o fine_a of_o any_o land_n and_o make_v proclamation_n thereupon_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v either_o by_o a_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o heretofore_o or_o by_o a_o five_o year_n prescription_n as_o be_v usual_a of_o late_a time_n but_o that_o their_o right_a remain_n entire_a to_o they_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o if_o they_o make_v their_o claim_n within_o the_o like_a space_n of_o time_n but_o intra_fw-la regnum_fw-la within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n take_v and_o that_o in_o the_o usual_a phrase_n for_o that_o which_o be_v intra_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v barbarous_o render_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o etc._n four_o sea_n to_o wit_n the_o southern_a western_a eastern_a and_o that_o northern_a sea_n which_o wash_v both_o the_o side_n of_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n whereby_o scotland_n be_v unite_v to_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v within_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n in_o those_o four_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a sea_n or_o port_n belong_v to_o other_o prince_n and_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a sea_n which_o indeed_o be_v to_o be_v bound_v after_o another_o manner_n but_o yet_o to_o be_v bound_v that_o be_v accordirng_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o possession_n westward_o beyond_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o ireland_n and_o by_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o the_o scotish_n name_n and_o jurisdiction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v oppose_v to_o this_o particle_n intra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la within_o the_o four_o sea_n be_v that_o lichford_n extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o whence_o we_o be_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o bound_n or_o exterior_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v sometime_o use_v for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a realm_n or_o english_a empire_n as_o signify_v the_o same_o a_o more_o ordinary_a and_o indeed_o more_o brief_a expression_n be_v apply_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o stead_n of_o a_o more_o large_a yet_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o extra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la without_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la without_o the_o realm_n do_v in_o our_o law-book_n signify_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a empire_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o realm_n not_o as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v now_o and_o then_o distinguish_v in_o 23._o our_o law_n from_o ireland_n which_o also_o be_v a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n or_o from_o the_o other_o island_n which_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n so_o to_o describe_v he_o who_o in_o that_o since_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o to_o a_o objection_n make_v against_o one_o that_o will_v avoid_v the_o yearly_a prescription_n as_o not_o bind_v by_o it_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o in_o england_n it_o be_v except_v that_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n and_o so_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n it_o be_v thereupon_o 13._o answer_v and_o rule_v
the_o time_n of_o that_o decision_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o of_o france_n or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlv_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o or_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiv_o they_o be_v both_o object_v by_o those_o who_o require_v a_o strike_n of_o sail_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o french_a king_n even_o without_o the_o bound_n of_o france_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o edict_n do_v not_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n confine_v upon_o france_n upon_o which_o ground_n also_o they_o offer_v violence_n to_o certain_a hamburger_n who_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o and_o seize_v they_o as_o guilty_a of_o contempt_n against_o the_o dignity_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o this_o thing_n say_v servinus_fw-la it_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o edict_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o realm_n make_v injunction_n to_o strike_v and_o come_v aboard_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v and_o be_v not_o to_o this_o day_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o of_o the_o year_n 1555._o have_v be_v verify_v in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o defendant_n do_v report_v only_o a_o extract_n out_o of_o the_o register_n of_o broüage_n which_o indeed_o be_v evident_a enough_o when_o that_o edict_n be_v object_v by_o the_o 254._o same_o man_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o old_a obsolete_a law_n and_o that_o which_o prove'_v it_o be_v the_o new_a ordinance_n of_o the_o year_n 1584._o for_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o new_a law_n if_o the_o old_a one_o have_v be_v keep_v and_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o last_o have_v not_o be_v verify_v simple_o but_o as_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o person_n in_o power_n at_o that_o time_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v without_o resistance_n but_o be_v register_v and_o publish_v with_o the_o qualification_n require_v by_o the_o procurator_n general_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o executor_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a form_n and_o such_o as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o admiralty_n have_v make_v in_o former_a time_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n anew_o the_o former_a edict_n which_o be_v object_v be_v never_o admit_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o nothing_o of_o that_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n for_o a_o testimony_n of_o its_o admission_n but_o the_o late_a be_v indeed_o admit_v though_o as_o to_o any_o effect_n of_o a_o law_n either_o at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v enact_v or_o introduce_v or_o as_o receive_v before_o into_o custom_n it_o be_v plain_o reject_v and_o that_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n procurator_n who_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v so_o qualify_v as_o you_o see_v that_o what_o be_v ground_v upon_o ancient_a custom_n it_o only_o may_v be_v ratify_v even_o after_o this_o edict_n be_v so_o admit_v in_o favour_n of_o some_o great_a one_o which_o be_v discreet_o do_v see_v both_o the_o edict_n be_v extreme_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o neighbour_n yea_o and_o of_o all_o foreiner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o business_n of_o strike_v sail_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o special_a sign_n or_o pledge_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n in_o those_o edict_n which_o notwithstanding_o upon_o second_o thought_n be_v reject_v afterward_o in_o law_n as_o have_v be_v show_v true_o it_o have_v be_v usual_o and_o perpetual_o acknowledge_v due_a for_o so_o many_o age_n to_o the_o english_a and_o perform_v according_o both_a by_o stranger_n and_o by_o the_o french_a themselves_o as_o a_o matter_n ground_v upon_o long_a prescription_n can_v be_v no_o slight_a argument_n among_o the_o french_a to_o confirm_v that_o dominion_n of_o the_o english_a whereof_o we_o treat_v moreover_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o all_o that_o be_v use_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o thing_n out_o of_o question_n that_o this_o intervenient_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o strike_v sail_n have_v be_v very_o usual_a to_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o receive_v for_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o at_o hastings_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o shore_n of_o sussex_n it_o be_v decree_v by_o king_n john_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o of_o our_o lord_n mcc_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o peer_n that_o if_o the_o governor_n or_o commander_n of_o the_o king_n navy_n in_o his_o naval_a expedition_n which_o be_v all_o in_o that_o age_n upon_o the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v encontre_fw-fr sur_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr so_o the_o word_n run_v in_o the_o â—_o norman_a tongue_n aucune_v nef_n ou_fw-fr vesseaulx_fw-fr charge_n ou_fw-fr void_a qui_fw-fr ne_fw-fr vevillent_fw-fr avaler_n &_o abeisser_fw-fr leur_fw-fr trief_n au_fw-fr commandement_fw-fr du_fw-fr lieutenant_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiral_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr son_fw-fr lieutenant_n mais_fw-fr combatant_n encontre_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr float_n que_fw-fr silz_n puent_a estre_fw-fr pris_fw-fr quill_n soient_fw-fr reputez_fw-fr come_v enemy_n &_o leur_fw-fr ness_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr pris_fw-fr &_o forfeit_n come_v biens_fw-fr des_fw-fr enemy_n tout_fw-fr soit_fw-fr que_fw-fr les_fw-fr mistress_n ou_fw-fr possessor_n d'_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr voudroient_fw-fr venir_fw-fr apres_fw-fr &_o alleguer_v mesme_n les_fw-fr nef_n vesseaulx_fw-fr &_o biens_fw-fr estre_fw-fr des_fw-fr amy_n du_fw-fr roy_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seigneur_fw-fr &_o que_fw-fr la_fw-fr menye_n estant_fw-fr en_fw-fr iceulx_fw-fr soient_fw-fr chastiez_fw-fr per_fw-la emprisonement_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr corpse_n pour_fw-fr leur_fw-fr rebelleté_fw-fr par_fw-fr discretion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v shall_v meet_v any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o by_o sea_n either_o lade_v or_o empty_a that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o strike_v their_o sail_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n governor_n or_o admiral_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n but_o make_v resistance_n against_o they_o which_o belong_v to_o his_o fleet_n that_o then_o they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v enemy_n if_o they_o may_v be_v take_v yea_o and_o their_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o the_o good_n of_o enemy_n and_o that_o though_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v allege_v afterwards_o that_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o good_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n but_o that_o the_o person_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o imprisonment_n at_o discretion_n for_o their_o rebellion_n it_o be_v account_v treason_n if_o any_o ship_n whatsoëver_o have_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o own_o sea_n by_o strike_v sail_n and_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o amity_n who_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_n penalty_n also_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o mention_n be_v make_v concern_v a_o crime_n commit_v in_o some_o territory_n of_o his_o island_n a_o recognition_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n make_v by_o very_a many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n round_o about_o in_o a_o ancient_a libel_n public_o exhibit_v or_o in_o a_o bill_n of_o complaint_n institute_v by_o they_o together_o with_o the_o english_a against_o reyner_n grimbald_n governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n also_o touch_v a_o recognition_n of_o this_o kind_n imply_v in_o his_o defence_n chap._n xxvii_o the_o other_o testimony_n concern_v the_o recognition_n of_o most_o foreign_a nation_n in_o this_o particular_a be_v that_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n heretofore_o institute_v by_o very_a many_o nation_n together_o wherein_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v lord_n of_o teh_a sea_n flow_v about_o and_o bring_v they_o to_o give_v a_o account_n in_o a_o court_n of_o judicature_n who_o presume_v to_o violate_v that_o right_n for_o the_o well_o understand_v whereof_o i_o shall_v relate_v the_o whole_a matter_n more_o at_o large_a a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n between_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o king_n philip_n the_o fair_a of_o france_n it_o be_v so_o conclude_v sometime_o by_o agreement_n that_o there_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n on_o both_o side_n and_o so_o a_o truce_n with_o all_o merchant_n whatsoëver_o on_o either_o side_n but_o as_o to_o other_o thing_n hostility_n proceed_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a betwixt_o both_o the_o nation_n this_o special_a kind_n of_o truce_n be_v call_v etc._n sufferentia_fw-la guerrae_fw-la sufferance_n of_o war_n and_o during_o war_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v by_o both_o prince_n to_o take_v
a_o prohibition_n make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o proclaim_v according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a three_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n throughout_o his_o dominion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o prohibition_n which_o forbid_v a_o give_v any_o relief_n to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o so_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v himself_o before_o the_o commissioner_n it_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n peer_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n who_o joint_o prefer_v the_o bill_n as_o aforesaid_a therefore_o they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n pray_v that_o the_o person_n so_o imprison_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o restitution_n make_v of_o the_o good_n injurious_o take_v they_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n to_o who_o alone_o this_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o thing_n and_o place_n as_o well_o as_o person_n do_v appertein_a and_o that_o by_o order_n of_o the_o commissioner_n reyner_n grimbald_n himself_o may_v be_v enjoin_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o complainants_n in_o case_n he_o wear_v able_a to_o make_v satisfaction_n or_o otherwise_o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o give_v he_o commission_n for_o that_o command_n may_v be_v adjudge_v to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o after_o reparation_n make_v that_o then_o also_o the_o say_a reyner_n may_v receiv_v such_o punishment_n for_o violate_v the_o league_n as_o may_v deter_v other_o from_o the_o like_a attempt_n in_o time_n to_o come_v now_o what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o very_o well_o know_v it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o such_o moment_n that_o it_o be_v think_v more_o convenient_a to_o make_v a_o end_n by_o agreement_n than_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o trial_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o ancient_a and_o confirm_v by_o long_a preseription_n be_v in_o express_a term_n here_o acknowledge_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o neighbor-nation_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o so_o that_o he_o may_v at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n give_v protection_n and_o set_v law_n and_o limit_n to_o all_o that_o sail_v through_o this_o sea_n and_o use_v it_o in_o any_o manner_n whatsoever_o nor_o can_v this_o kind_n of_o right_o be_v alter_v or_o diminish_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n between_o each_o other_o or_o by_o any_o right_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o other_o otherwise_o than_o in_o any_o other_o territory_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o fleming_n themselves_o betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o french_a there_o be_v a_o war_n on_o foot_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o nor_o can_v they_o right_o have_v be_v party_n in_o that_o charge_n or_o accusation_n for_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a league_n make_v between_o the_o english_a and_o french_a they_o be_v to_o assist_v one_o another_o by_o arm_n to_o defend_v each_o other_n be_v right_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o league_n the_o french_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o use_v the_o sea_n to_o infest_v the_o fleming_n be_v his_o enemy_n but_o not_o to_o intercept_v such_o as_o pass_v this_o way_n from_o any_o other_o nation_n or_o that_o be_v bind_v with_o merchandise_n for_o flanders_n and_o paulus_n 8._o aemilius_n speak_v of_o this_o very_a time_n say_v the_o french_a king_n threaten_v ruin_n to_o flanders_n the_o king_n of_o england_n protect_v the_o fleming_n for_o edward_n be_v so_o far_o only_o a_o friend_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o fleming_n ruin_v thus_o our_o king_n order_n the_o matter_n both_o as_o a_o defender_n of_o his_o own_o right_n and_o supreme_a moderator_n also_o of_o navigation_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o nor_o true_o be_v it_o to_o be_v omit_v that_o grimbald_n himself_o here_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n do_v not_o only_o arrogate_v this_o power_n in_o this_o sea_n from_o the_o authority_n grant_v he_o by_o his_o king_n commission_n but_o in_o express_a term_n also_o make_v use_n of_o that_o prohibition_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o be_v in_o force_n according_a to_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o say_a league_n thereby_o to_o defend_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o himself_o can_v not_o have_v lawful_o hold_v that_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o sea_n without_o such_o a_o permission_n as_o he_o conceive_v himself_o to_o enjoy_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o prohibition_n for_o by_o that_o prohibition_n it_o be_v require_v that_o no_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o french_a king_n enemy_n nor_o any_o aid_n afford_v they_o within_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v per_fw-la my_o son_n poere_o which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o grimbald_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o libel_n itself_o set_v down_o hereafter_o and_o so_o grimbald_n express_o object_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v i_o use_v this_o power_n it_o be_v give_v i_o by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o put_v i_o in_o command_n over_o his_o navy_n and_o affair_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o beside_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v set_v forth_o his_o prohibition_n command_v that_o no_o kind_n of_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o any_o enemy_n of_o the_o french_a within_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v between_o both_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o see_v i_o have_v not_o take_v either_o the_o person_n or_o good_n of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v upon_o a_o hostile_a account_n for_o doubtless_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o enemy_n of_o what_o nation_n soêver_o they_o be_v who_o relieve_v the_o fleming_n by_o merchandise_n or_o otherwise_o i_o conceiv_v it_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o defence_n in_o my_o behalf_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o league_n make_v do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n require_v that_o no_o succour_n or_o relief_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o enemy_n of_o france_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n upon_o which_o account_n not_o to_o these_o who_o i_o take_v at_o sea_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o in_o brief_a be_v this_o that_o grimbald_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o imagine_v that_o his_o office_n of_o admiralty_n or_o power_n give_v he_o by_o commission_n depend_v upon_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o sea_n but_o altogether_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o king_n commission_n the_o league_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prohibition_n as_o if_o the_o english_a king_n have_v open_o declare_v by_o that_o league_n and_o prohibition_n that_o he_o will_v not_o take_v it_o for_o any_o injury_n to_o himself_o during_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n and_o prohibition_n although_o the_o french_a shall_v fall_v upon_o any_o of_o their_o enemy_n in_o his_o dominion_n or_o though_o they_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o shall_v be_v take_v in_o his_o sea_n by_o the_o french_a king_n officer_n certain_o unless_o you_o so_o understand_v grimbald_n i_o do_v not_o see_v wherefore_o he_o shall_v at_o all_o join_v that_o prohibition_n together_o with_o the_o king_n his_o master_n commission_n in_o defence_n of_o himself_o as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o libel_n or_o why_o mention_n be_v make_v there_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n throughout_o which_o that_o prohibition_n be_v proclaim_v see_v the_o controversy_n arise_v touch_v thing_n do_v only_o by_o sea_n but_o if_o he_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v certain_o than_o he_o do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o oppose_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o sea_n but_o also_o sufficient_o acknowledge_v it_o while_o he_o seem_v to_o affirm_v that_o a_o temporary_a restriction_n only_o be_v add_v thereto_o by_o a_o accession_n of_o the_o league_n and_o the_o prohibition_n so_o that_o we_o have_v a_o tacit_n acknowledgement_n even_o of_o the_o french_a themselves_o at_o that_o time_n in_o this_o their_o admiral_n but_o how_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o league_n ought_v to_o be_v expound_v it_o be_v no_o place_n here_o to_o discourse_n for_o we_o observe_v only_o that_o the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v acknowledge_v in_o
which_o be_v also_o by_o writer_n common_o term_v concessive_a as_o obligatorie_n it_o be_v know_v by_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v command_v or_o forbid_v as_o to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_a not_o to_o forswear_v and_o the_o like_a as_o permissive_a it_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o thing_n who_o use_n be_v neither_o command_v nor_o forbid_v but_o permit_v as_o in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o buy_v sell_v enfranchisement_n frame_v condition_n of_o contract_n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o contractor_n and_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o both_o these_o kind_n of_o law_n concern_v either_o mankind_n in_o general_n that_o be_v all_o nation_n or_o not_o all_o that_o which_o relate_n to_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n or_o all_o nation_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o divine_a that_o be_v either_o manifest_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v elegant_o describe_v by_o tertullian_n to_o be_v the_o militis_fw-la common_a law_n write_v throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o the_o very_a book_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o grecian_n call_v alij_fw-la the_o law_n of_o mankind_n and_o by_o the_o civilian_n the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o else_o it_o isâ—_n declare_v and_o set_v down_o in_o those_o divine_a oracle_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o writing_n both_o which_o may_v proper_o be_v term_v the_o universal_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o mankind_n and_o whatëver_o be_v obligatorie_n in_o either_o of_o these_o either_o out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o rather_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n of_o nature_n be_v repute_v by_o man_n to_o be_v unchangeable_a according_a to_o that_o say_n so_o often_o use_v by_o 8._o philosopher_n etc._n divine_n and_o naturalia_fw-la lawyer_n that_o the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o permissive_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o divine_a relate_v to_o mankind_n in_o general_a for_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o man_n that_o as_o permissive_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v various_a and_o changeable_a according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o pleasure_n of_o person_n in_o power_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o repealing_n qualification_n and_o daily_a alteration_n whereas_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o kind_n which_o be_v obligatorie_n may_v admit_v addition_n or_o inlargement_n such_o as_o may_v serve_v for_o more_o certainty_n and_o convenience_n of_o observation_n but_o no_o alteration_n in_o any_o wise_a to_o diminish_v its_o authority_n out_o of_o such_o addition_n as_o be_v make_v to_o that_o which_o be_v obligatorie_n and_o alteration_n of_o that_o which_o be_v permissive_a another_o kind_n of_o law_n take_v its_o rise_n which_o be_v of_o a_o more_o narrow_a sens_n and_o acceptation_n and_o relate_n not_o to_o all_o nation_n or_o the_o universality_n of_o mankind_n but_o only_o to_o some_o particular_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v ordinary_o well_o term_v positive_a as_o be_v positive_o ordain_v either_o by_o god_n or_o man_n sometime_o also_o it_o be_v term_v clvili_fw-la civil_a and_o a_o addition_n of_o right_a reason_n this_o positive_a law_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v singular_a and_o peculiar_a to_o any_o one_o particular_a nation_n or_o society_n of_o mankind_n as_o be_v the_o auâ—em_fw-la law_n concern_v paternal_a power_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o aristocratem_n athenian_n touch_v the_o same_o or_o into_o that_o which_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a nation_n again_o this_o last_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n either_o into_o that_o which_o bind'_v divers_a nation_n joint_o equal_o and_o indifferent_o by_o some_o common_a obligation_n or_o ell_n into_o that_o which_o bind'_v divers_a nation_n or_o people_n not_o joint_o and_o equal_o or_o by_o any_o common_a obligation_n but_o single_o and_o by_o accident_n and_o of_o this_o threefold_a kind_n of_o positive_a law_n we_o may_v call_v the_o first_o the_o law_n pure_o civil_a as_o it_o relate_n to_o any_o one_o particular_a civil_a society_n the_o second_o the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n so_o name_v from_o some_o common_a tie_n or_o obligation_n betwixt_o they_o the_o three_o the_o law_n of_o some_o or_o divers_a nation_n civil_a or_o domestic_a by_o reason_n of_o that_o domestic_a and_o civil_a tie_n only_o whereby_o they_o be_v bind_v single_o among_o themselves_o without_o any_o obligation_n to_o each_o other_o in_o common_a as_o for_o example_n the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o table_n that_o be_v bring_v from_o athens_n to_o rome_n remain_v in_o force_n in_o both_o nation_n as_o well_o in_o the_o roman_a as_o in_o the_o athenian_a but_o not_o by_o any_o common_a or_o mutual_a obligation_n between_o they_o and_o therefore_o that_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o table_n ought_v much_o more_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v the_o civil_a law_n of_o those_o nation_n then_o simple_o of_o both_o nation_n in_o any_o such_o sens_fw-fr as_o import's_n a_o joint-interest_n or_o communion_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o joint_o concern_v divers_a nation_n by_o mutual_a obligation_n that_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n it_o be_v divisible_a likewise_o into_o two_o part_n to_o wit_n into_o that_o which_o be_v imperative_a over_o divers_a nation_n or_o people_n or_o that_o which_o be_v intervenient_a by_o the_o imperative_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v mean_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v or_o receive_v authority_n among_o several_a nation_n or_o people_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o supreme_a power_n that_o otherwise_o be_v distinct_a and_o this_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o obligation_n equal_o common_a to_o they_o all_o but_o derive_v from_o some_o other_o and_o enjoin_v by_o some_o special_a command_n either_o from_o god_n or_o man_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o law_n of_o the_o dâ—lopes_n the_o magnesian_o phthiotae_n thessalian_n and_o other_o people_n of_o greece_n who_o be_v equal_o oblige_v by_o the_o command_n of_o 〈◊〉_d acrisius_n king_n of_o the_o argive_n submit_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o amphictyones_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n likewise_o be_v that_o 10._o military_a law_n enjoin_v by_o god_n not_o only_o to_o the_o people_n of_o israël_n but_o also_o to_o the_o canaanite_n with_o who_o they_o be_v to_o wage_v war_n for_o they_o be_v both_o oblige_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o he_o that_o command_v though_o after_o a_o divers_a manner_n and_o when_o any_o nation_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n authority_n and_o command_n do_v alike_o submit_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n it_o may_v be_v right_o call_v the_o imperative_a law_n of_o nation_n but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o take_v its_o rise_n not_o from_o any_o command_n impose_v upon_o several_a nation_n in_o common_a but_o through_o the_o intervention_n either_o of_o some_o compact_n or_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v common_o style_v the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nation_n the_o principal_a head_n whereof_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n about_o proclaim_v war_n embassy_n prisoner_n of_o war_n hostage_n right_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n league_n and_o covenant_n commerce_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o nature_n which_o usual_o intervene_v betwixt_o divers_a nation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o these_o law_n here_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v in_o several_a nation_n whole_o compose_v of_o such_o addition_n as_o have_v be_v make_v to_o the_o universal_a obligatorie_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o such_o alteration_n as_o have_v accrue_v to_o the_o universal_a permissive_a and_o no_o more_o may_v challenge_v the_o name_n of_o imperative_a or_o intervenient_a and_o it_o be_v most_o plain_a that_o the_o rest_n retain_n still_o the_o name_n of_o the_o universal_a or_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n moreover_o also_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o usual_o take_v place_n in_o all_o controversy_n about_o the_o aforesaid_a particular_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n so_o far_o as_o it_o agree'_v with_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o nation_n natural_a or_o divine_a be_v to_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o same_o notion_n but_o as_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o some_o certain_a nation_n with_o who_o it_o be_v in_o use_n divers_a principal_a head_n and_o determination_n of_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o universal_a law_n be_v so_o make_v use_n of_o it_o most_o clear_o fall_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o some_o nation_n last_o as_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o use_v at_o home_n by_o some_o particular_a people_n in_o their_o court_n of_o judicature_n it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o divers_a nation_n and_o thus_o have_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a scheme_n of_o the_o law_n in_o all_o those_o various_a notion_n
and_o acception_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o controversy_n it_o remain_n that_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o of_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n be_v take_v into_o consideration_n of_o dominion_n both_o common_a to_o all_o and_o private_a also_o its_o original_a either_o by_o distribution_n or_o primarie_a occupation_n chap._n iu._n dominion_n which_o be_v a_o right_n of_o use_v enjoy_v alienate_v and_o free_a dispose_v be_v either_o common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o possessor_n without_o distinction_n or_o private_a and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o some_o that_o be_v to_o say_v distribute_v and_o set_v apart_o by_o any_o particular_a state_n prince_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o other_o be_v exclude_v or_o at_o least_o in_o some_o sort_n bar_v from_o a_o liberty_n of_o use_n and_o enjoiment_n as_o to_o the_o first_o kind_n of_o dominion_n or_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o frequent_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o it_o in_o relation_n to_o that_o state_n of_o community_n which_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o of_o which_o virgil_n speak_v in_o his_o georgic_n georgic_n nec_fw-la signare_fw-la quidem_fw-la aut_fw-la partiri_fw-la limit_fw-la campum_fw-la fas_fw-la erat_fw-la in_fw-la medio_fw-la quaerebant_fw-la nor_n be_v it_o lawful_a than_o their_o land_n to_o bound_v they_o live_v in_o common_a all_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o seneca_n 2._o pervium_fw-la cunctis_fw-la iter_fw-la communis_fw-la usus_fw-la omnium_fw-la rerum_fw-la fuit_fw-la all_o man_n may_v pass_v what_o way_n they_o please_v to_o choose_v and_o all_o thing_n be_v expose_v for_o common_a use_n and_o tibullus_n 3_o non_fw-la domus_fw-la ulla_fw-la fores_fw-la habuit_fw-la non_fw-la fixus_fw-la in_o agris_fw-la qui_fw-la regeret_fw-la certis_fw-la finibus_fw-la arva_fw-la lapis_fw-la man_n do_v not_o then_o with_o door_n their_o house_n build_v nor_o be_v they_o wont_v with_o stone_n to_o bound_v the_o field_n many_o more_o there_o be_v of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o yet_o 5._o lactantius_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v so_o understand_v not_o that_o we_o shall_v conceiv_v that_o nothing_o at_o all_o be_v private_a or_o peculiar_a in_o those_o day_n but_o in_o a_o figurative_a sens_fw-fr after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o poet_n to_o let_v we_o know_v that_o man_n be_v then_o so_o free_a and_o generous_a that_o they_o do_v not_o hoard_v up_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o themselves_o nor_o dwell_v in_o a_o obscure_a solitary_a manner_n but_o admit_v the_o poor_a to_o partake_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o true_o we_o find_v divers_a passage_n plain_o point_v out_o this_o state_n of_o community_n in_o that_o divine_a act_n of_o donation_n whereby_o noah_n and_o his_o three_o son_n shem_o cham_fw-mi and_o japhet_n who_o represent_v as_o it_o be_v the_o person_n of_o adam_n for_o the_o restore_n of_o mankind_n after_o the_o flood_n become_v joint-lord_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o form_n of_o donation_n be_v express_v in_o these_o word_n 2._o be_v fruitful_a and_o multiply_v and_o replenish_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o you_o and_o the_o dread_n of_o you_o shall_v be_v upon_o every_o beast_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o every_o foul_a of_o the_o aër_fw-la upon_o all_o that_o move_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o upon_o all_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n into_o your_o hand_n be_v they_o deliver_v also_o justin_n the_o historian_n speak_v apt_o and_o to_o the_o purpose_n 43._o in_o the_o age_n of_o saturn_n say_v he_o all_o thing_n be_v without_o distinction_n common_a to_o all_o as_o if_o all_o man_n have_v live_v upon_o one_o stock_n or_o patrimony_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o the_o festival_n of_o saturn_n all_o thing_n be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a to_o which_o likewise_o accord_n that_o of_o cicero_n 1._o no_o thing_n be_v private_a or_o peculiar_a to_o any_o by_o nature_n but_o either_o by_o occupation_n of_o old_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o those_o who_o first_o inhabit_v vacancy_n or_o who_o become_v possess_v it_o by_o right_a of_o war_n and_o conquest_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o law_n or_o by_o compact_a covenant_n or_o by_o lot_n yet'tis_o not_o probable_a that_o this_o kind_n of_o community_n be_v of_o any_o long_a continuance_n but_o as_o for_o private_a dominion_n or_o that_o distribution_n of_o possession_n and_o bound_n which_o deprive_v or_o in_o any_o sort_n bar_v all_o other_o beside_o the_o know_a possessor_n from_o a_o liberty_n of_o use_n and_o enjoiment_n they_o say_v it_o be_v not_o in_o be_v till_o those_o golden_a day_n be_v over_o and_o so_o as_o the_o poêt_fw-fr sing_v 1_o communémque_fw-la priùs_fw-la ceu_fw-la lumina_fw-la solis_fw-la &_o aurae_fw-la cautus_fw-la humum_fw-la longo_fw-la signavit_fw-la limit_fw-la menser_n the_o earth_n as_o commou_v once_o as_o light_n or_o aër_fw-la they_o then_o by_o art_n do_v measure_n bind_v and_o share_v it_o appear_v also_o by_o holy_a writ_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o noah_n some_o age_n after_o the_o flood_n 25._o by_o japhet_n and_o his_o son_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o the_o gentile_n divide_v in_o their_o land_n every_o one_o after_o his_o tongue_n after_o their_o family_n in_o their_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o moses_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o settle_v themselves_o as_o private_a lord_n and_o appoint_v bound_n according_n to_o the_o number_n of_o their_o family_n from_o the_o river_n tanais_n even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n or_o through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o western_a asia_n as_o it_o bend'_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o throughout_o all_o europe_n in_o like_a manner_n cham_n and_o his_o posterity_n possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n as_o shem_n do_v the_o eastern_a country_n as_o far_o as_o india_n as_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o josephus_n eusebius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o alexandria_n zonaras_n cedrenus_n eustathius_n of_o antioch_n freculphus_n and_o other_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v also_o by_o tradition_n that_o noah_n himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v absolute_a lord_n or_o arbiter_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v the_o first_o man_n after_o the_o flood_n that_o revive_v this_o kind_n of_o distribution_n or_o private_a dominion_n which_o they_o say_v also_o he_o do_v by_o command_n from_o god_n and_o that_o in_o the_o nine_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n which_o be_v three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o twenty_o before_o his_o death_n he_o confirm_v it_o by_o will_n and_o deliver_v it_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o shem_o his_o elder_a son_n admonish_v they_o altogether_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v invade_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o brother_n nor_o shall_v they_o wrong_v one_o another_o because_o it_o will_v of_o necessity_n occasion_n discord_n and_o deadly_a war_n among_o they_o as_o it_o be_v express_o mention_v both_o in_o eusebius_n and_o cedredrenus_n but_o howsoever_o the_o matter_n have_v be_v this_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o private_a dominion_n or_o possession_n be_v revive_v again_o after_o the_o flood_n in_o the_o same_o accustom_a manner_n as_o they_o have_v be_v before_o from_o the_o day_n of_o adam_n for_o he_o also_o receive_v such_o a_o 28._o donation_n from_o god_n as_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n do_v afterward_o and_o so_o become_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n not_o without_o such_o a_o peculiar_a possession_n or_o propriety_n to_o himself_o which_o so_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o judge_n of_o affair_n of_o that_o age_n according_a to_o the_o way_n and_o mean_v receive_v by_o posterity_n do_v exclude_v his_o child_n from_o all_o right_n but_o by_o his_o voluntary_a grant_n or_o resignation_n but_o yet_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o donation_n assignment_n or_o any_o other_o grant_v whatsoëver_o it_o appear_v before_o he_o die_v or_o leave_v any_o heir_n to_o succeed_v he_o his_o child_n do_v enjoy_v their_o several_a bound_n and_o territory_n in_o a_o way_n of_o peculiar_a dominion_n or_o possession_n thus_o abel_n have_v cattle_n and_o pasture_n of_o his_o own_o as_o cain_n have_v land_n and_o plantation_n that_o be_v his_o own_o he_o possess_v himself_o also_o of_o the_o land_n of_o nod_n or_o naida_n where_o he_o build_v the_o city_n of_o enoch_n and_o settle_v his_o abode_n after_o this_o 46._o exchange_n buy_v and_o sell_v come_v in_o fashion_n and_o beside_o weight_n and_o measure_n they_o appoint_v judge_n of_o covenant_n and_o contract_n and_o add_v bound_n or_o limit_n to_o field_n and_o pasture_n and_o of_o cain_n it_o be_v say_v that_o 〈◊〉_d he_o first_o set_v bound_n unto_o field_n so_o at_o length_n come_v in_o private_a dominion_n or_o possession_n which_o whether_o by_o virtue_n
&_o c_o concern_v pirate_n philip_n say_v it_o be_v meet_v that_o both_o he_o and_o you_o shall_v by_o common_a consent_n drive_v away_o such_o as_o offend_v upon_o the_o sea_n require_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o this_o that_o he_o may_v be_v put_v in_o command_n over_o the_o sea_n by_o you_o and_o that_o you_o will_v confess_v your_o selus_fw-la unable_a to_o defend_v and_o guard_v the_o sea_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v you_o without_o the_o help_n of_o philip._n they_o do_v also_o by_o league_n impose_v a_o certain_a size_n and_o proportion_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o bottom_n both_o for_o quality_n and_o quantity_n which_o their_o neighbour_n shall_v have_v leave_v to_o use_v it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n make_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n 4._o that_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o their_o confederates_n may_v indeed_o use_v the_o sea_n but_o not_o sail_v in_o a_o long_a ship_n but_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o vessel_n which_o be_v row_v with_o oar_n shall_v not_o exceed_v the_o freight_n of_o five_o hundred_o talent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o in_o a_o vessel_n with_o one_o range_n of_o oar_n much_o less_o in_o one_o of_o two_o or_o three_o range_n or_o other_o that_o be_v man_n of_o war_n but_o in_o vessel_n to_o be_v row_v nevertheless_o with_o certain_a pair_n of_o oar_n be_v vessel_n only_o for_o carriage_n and_o those_o small_a enough_o other_o passage_n of_o this_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o thucydides_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o aemilius_n probus_n touch_v timotheus_n a_o famous_a captain_n of_o the_o athenian_n he_o bring_v corcyra_n say_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o make_v the_o people_n of_o epirus_n the_o athamanian_o chaonian_o and_o all_o those_o nation_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o sea_n to_o be_v their_o confederate_n whereupon_o the_o lacedaemonian_n desist_v from_o long_a contention_n and_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n yield_v a_o pre-eminence_n of_o sea_n dominion_n to_o the_o athenian_n and_o settle_a peace_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o athenian_n shall_v be_v chief_a commander_n at_o sea_n which_o victory_n be_v receive_v with_o so_o much_o joy_n among_o the_o athenian_n that_o altar_n be_v then_o erect_v unto_o peace_n and_o a_o temple_n appoint_v for_o that_o goddess_n and_o demosthenes_n concern_v leptinem_fw-la archebius_n and_o heraclide_n who_o when_o they_o have_v deliver_v byzantium_n to_o thrasybulus_n they_o make_v you_o say_v he_o speak_v to_o the_o man_n of_o athens_n lord_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o you_o may_v sell_v the_o ten_o to_o wit_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o merchandise_n of_o such_o merchant_n as_o shall_v trade_v in_o the_o hellespont_n which_o be_v note_v there_o by_o ulpianus_n the_o rhetorician_n from_o hence_o also_o cicero_n will_v have_v that_o barbarous_a decree_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o have_v have_v its_o rise_n concern_v the_o people_n of_o aegina_n sometime_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o athenian_n say_v he_o deal_v very_o cruel_o who_o pass_v a_o decree_n that_o the_o aeginetans_n who_o be_v powerful_a in_o ship_n shall_v have_v their_o thumb_n cut_v off_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v strong_a in_o ship_n hereafter_o or_o by_o force_n enter_v upon_o that_o sea_n then_o possess_v by_o the_o athenian_n for_o in_o some_o book_n we_o read_v quia_fw-la class_n valebant_fw-la because_o they_o grow_v strong_a in_o ship_n as_o it_o be_v note_v by_o carolus_n langius_n though_o it_o be_v conceive_v by_o 9_o aelian_a the_o decree_n be_v therefore_o make_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o use_v a_o spear_n and_o yet_o to_o handle_v oar_n this_o cruelty_n be_v detest_v by_o writer_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v deprive_v of_o a_o free_a use_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n approve_v only_o among_o those_o people_n of_o greece_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n who_o at_o that_o time_n rule_v the_o east_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o notable_a league_n make_v after_o the_o victory_n at_o eurymedon_n for_o true_o cimon_n captain_n of_o the_o athenian_n have_v vanquish_v the_o naval_a force_n of_o artaxerxes_n longimanus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o persian_n which_o have_v infest_a the_o sea_n about_o the_o chelidonian_a island_n the_o king_n courage_n be_v so_o break_v that_o as_o vitâ_fw-la plutarch_n say_v and_o panathenaâ—câ_fw-la aristides_n almost_o the_o same_o he_o conclude_v that_o notable_a peace_n upon_o such_o term_n that_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o distance_n of_o a_o hors-race_n from_o the_o greek_a sea_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n build_v long_o or_o beak_v within_o the_o cyanean_a and_o chelidonian_a island_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o keep_v out_o of_o every_o part_n of_o the_o aegean_a rhodian_a carpathian_n and_o lydian_a sea_n and_o that_o which_o bend'_v thence_o into_o the_o west_n towards_o athens_n because_o the_o athenian_n be_v clear_o lord_n thereof_o for_o the_o greek_a which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v the_o carick_a 1._o sea_n spread_v its_o self_n to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n from_o caria_n or_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n moreover_o subjection_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o sea_n of_o pamphylia_n and_o lycia_n as_o also_o the_o euxin_n sea_n that_o no_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n be_v which_v shall_v be_v long-built_a or_o beak_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o man_n of_o war_n can_v according_o to_o the_o league_n be_v admit_v either_o in_o this_o beyond_o the_o cyanean_a or_o in_o that_o beyond_o the_o chelidonian_a island_n this_o certain_o be_v the_o very_a meaning_n of_o panathenaïco_n isocrates_n when_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o athenian_a dominion_n he_o say_v it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o sail_v in_o long_a ship_n or_o galley_n beyond_o phaselis_n for_o phaselis_n a_o town_n either_o of_o lycia_n or_o pamphylia_n be_v situate_a in_o the_o same_o direct_a line_n with_o the_o chelidonian_a island_n but_o suidas_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o castor_n rhodius_n a_o ancient_a writer_n have_v compile_v a_o history_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o such_o as_o have_v enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n alii_fw-la learned_a man_n be_v upon_o very_o good_a ground_n of_o opinion_n that_o those_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n reckon_v up_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v take_v by_o julius_n africanus_n and_o eusebius_n out_o of_o that_o author_n it_o be_v almost_o out_o of_o question_n too_o that_o he_o add_v the_o sovereignty_n both_o of_o the_o athenian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n by_o sea_n castor_n live_v about_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n caesar._n that_o work_n of_o he_o be_v utter_o lose_v other_o testimony_n which_o be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n chap._n xii_o moreover_o very_o many_o thing_n be_v find_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o those_o write_n that_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a nation_n which_o clear_o prove_v it_o to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o receive_a opinion_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n antiochus_n epiphanes_n king_n of_o syria_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o syrian_a sea_n sol_fw-la be_v not_o both_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o land_n i_o and_o xerxes_n that_o persian_a king_n when_o in_o a_o ridiculous_a humour_n he_o scourge_v the_o hellespont_n stigmatise_v it_o and_o cast_v a_o pair_n of_o fetter_n into_o the_o water_n say_v â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thy_o lord_n inflict'_v this_o punishment_n upon_o thou_o also_o whereas_o agatharcides_n follow_v the_o story_n of_o boxus_fw-la the_o persian_a write_v that_o the_o red_a or_o erythraean_a sea_n be_v so_o call_v from_o king_n erythras_n or_o erythrus_n that_o be_v from_o edom_n border_v thereupon_o who_o also_o be_v 20._o esau_n and_o signify_v the_o same_o that_o erythrus_n or_o rubrus_fw-la do_v in_o hebrew_n he_o add'_v also_o this_o exposition_n do_v imply_v 250._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o true_o we_o read_v in_o 11._o philostratus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o old_a contract_n touch_v the_o red-sea_n which_o king_n erythras_n have_v contract_v when_o he_o have_v dominion_n over_o that_o sea_n that_o no_o egyptian_a ought_v to_o enter_v that_o sea_n in_o a_o long_a ship_n but_o to_o employ_v there_o only_o one_o of_o burden_n and_o 4._o quintus_fw-la curtius_n say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tyre_n that_o be_v build_v by_o agenor_n she_o make_v not_o only_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n but_o what_o sea_n soëver_v she_o ship_n sail_v into_o to_o be_v of_o her_o dominion_n from_o whence_o also_o tyria_n maria_n tyrian_n sea_n become_v a_o maria._n proverb_n to_o signify_v a_o sea_n so_o possess_v that_o free_a passage_n can_v not_o be_v
have_v without_o leave_v of_o the_o lord_n or_o possessor_n there_o be_v also_o a_o very_a ancient_a custom_n use_v in_o the_o fast_a that_o when_o great_a king_n have_v design_n to_o bring_v any_o nation_n under_o their_o power_n command_v the_o pledge_n of_o empire_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o they_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o demand_v water_n and_o earth_n together_o that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o quire_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o bring_v earth_n and_o water_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o prepare_v earth_n and_o water_n they_o conceive_v that_o their_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n be_v signify_v by_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o pledge_n or_o token_n thus_o 4._o darius_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n from_o indathyrsus_n king_n of_o the_o scythian_n thus_o 9_o xerxes_n from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o thus_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o people_n of_o coos_n which_o be_v witness_v by_o the_o coan_n themselves_o in_o a_o public_a decree_n or_o epistle_n in_o answer_n to_o artaxerxes_n his_o most_o imperious_a demand_n that_o hypocrates_n shall_v be_v render_v up_o to_o he_o wherein_o the_o coan_n slight_v the_o threat_n of_o that_o great_a king_n decree_v that_o what_o hazard_n soêver_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o run_v hypocrates_n shall_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v render_v they_o add_v also_o to_o that_o decree_n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n how_o that_o when_o his_o predecessor_n darius_n and_o xerxes_n have_v by_o their_o letter_n demand_v earth_n and_o water_n the_o people_n of_o coos_n do_v in_o no_o wise_n yield_v it_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o those_o who_o have_v send_v unto_o they_o be_v mortal_a as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a copy_n of_o the_o history_n of_o judith_n nabuchodonosor_n be_v about_o to_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o neighbor-nation_n say_v express_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n which_o he_o expect_v be_v gracâ—_n that_o they_o shall_v provide_v for_o he_o earth_n and_o water_n unless_o they_o conceiv_v themselves_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n i_o do_v not_o well_o see_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v demand_v earth_n and_o water_n as_o token_n of_o universal_a dominion_n moreover_o also_o achme_n ben_n seirim_n a_o arabian_a write_v of_o the_o sea_n say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o indian_n persian_n and_o egyptian_n in_o expound_v of_o dream_n 178._o if_o any_o one_o in_o a_o dream_n seem_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o shall_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o shall_v reign_v add_v hereunto_o that_o oracle_n of_o delos_n concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o athenian_n the_o man_n of_o athens_n offer_v sacrifice_n in_o delos_n a_o boy_n that_o draw_v water_n to_o wash_v their_o hand_n pour_v fish_n out_o of_o the_o pot_n together_o with_o the_o water_n hereupon_o this_o oracle_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o shall_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o author_n be_v one_o semus_n a_o ancient_a writer_n in_o 8._o athenaeus_n where_o phylarchus_n also_o relate_n how_o that_o when_o patroclus_n a_o captain_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o son_n of_o lagus_n have_v send_v fish_n and_o fresh_a fig_n together_o unto_o king_n antigonus_n and_o those_o that_o stand_v by_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o present_a antigonus_z say_v he_o himself_o very_o well_o apprehend_v what_o may_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o patroclus_n for_o say_v he_o either_o patroclus_n mean_n 〈◊〉_d that_o we_o must_v get_v the_o sovereignty_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o gnaw_v figs._n or_o that_o he_o must_v seem_v slothful_a and_o effeminate_a or_o become_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o he_o make_v no_o doubt_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o there_o also_o the_o glutton_n in_o antiphanes_n the_o comedian_n say_v it_o be_v neither_o profitable_a for_o life_n nor_o to_o be_v endure_v that_o some_o of_o you_o shall_v claim_v the_o sea_n as_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o spend_v much_o money_n upon_o it_o but_o no_o victual_n for_o navigation_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o bit_n add_v also_o that_o of_o theocritus_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o ptolomeus_n philadelphus_n king_n of_o egypt_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n 17._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v lord_n of_o much_o land_n and_o also_o of_o much_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o pamphilian_a lycian_a and_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o remain_a sea_n that_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o land_n and_o river_n be_v subject_a to_o king_n ptolemy_n also_o noe._n philo_n judeus_fw-la say_v let_v not_o prince_n glory_n in_o that_o they_o have_v conquer_v many_o nation_n or_o that_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o exceed_v vast_a both_o in_o number_n and_o magnitude_n under_o their_o power_n moreover_o though_o isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v peace_n seem_v to_o hint_n that_o the_o sea-dominion_n and_o sovereignty_n which_o the_o athenian_n endeavour_v to_o maintain_v bring_v many_o mischief_n upon_o they_o and_o also_o that_o it_o sometime_o occasion_v they_o to_o use_v tyranny_n against_o the_o neighbor-city_n of_o greece_n yet_o he_o dispute_n it_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v come_v into_o examination_n under_o the_o account_n of_o profitable_a and_o unprofitable_a and_o by_o accident_n of_o unjust_a but_o he_o do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a endeavour_n to_o prove_v it_o unjust_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o yea_o in_o another_o place_n he_o sufficient_o commend'_v that_o dominion_n though_o not_o all_o thing_n in_o preserve_v it_o and_o the_o same_o panathenaïco_n author_n say_v express_o of_o both_o city_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o athenian_a it_o happen_v that_o both_o city_n do_v enjoy_v a_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o when_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v they_o have_v most_o of_o the_o other_o city_n obedient_a thereto_o we_o read_v also_o a_o dispute_n in_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d concern_v a_o communion_n or_o common_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o wit_n whether_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_a or_o not_o for_o a_o well_o order_v city_n whether_o it_o be_v better_a it_o shall_v remain_v common_a to_o all_o man_n so_o that_o no_o man_n may_v in_o any_o wise_a be_v deny_v passage_n traffic_n merchandise_n and_o fish_v or_o that_o the_o use_n of_o it_o may_v be_v so_o restrain_v that_o it_o may_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o city_n so_o as_o to_o exclude_v foreigner_n he_o dispute_n this_o point_n whether_o it_o be_v profitable_a or_o unprofitable_a but_o question_n be_v it_o not_o at_o all_o as_o unjust_a have_v be_v abundant_o instruct_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o touch_v a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n also_o his_o scholar_n alexander_n the_o macedonian_a be_v victorious_a in_o the_o east_n prepare_v for_o a_o expedition_n against_o europe_n that_o he_o may_v become_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o sea_n as_o say_v the_o emperor_n encomio_fw-la julian_n and_o true_o among_o the_o people_n of_o greece_n especial_o such_o as_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n in_o the_o east_n to_o hold_v supreme_a power_n and_o sovereignty_n above_o other_o and_o to_o enjoy_v a_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v acoount_v almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n nor_o do_v they_o conceiv_v that_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o this_o from_o whence_o arise_v that_o council_n of_o themistocles_n which_o pompey_n the_o great_a also_o follow_v at_o rome_n themistocle_n qui_fw-la mare_fw-la teneat_fw-la eum_fw-la necesse_fw-la esse_fw-la rerum_fw-la potiri_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o which_o can_v possess_v the_o sea_n must_v need_n be_v have_v command_n of_o all_o so_o also_o say_v jsaac_n 199._o casaubon_n upon_o polybius_n to_o have_v dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v express_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v whole_o and_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o great_a strengthen_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pledge_n of_o extraordinary_a power_n therefore_o the_o old_a writer_n of_o chronicle_n among_o the_o grecian_n see_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o olympiad_n there_o be_v no_o sovereign_a power_n of_o any_o people_n of_o greece_n in_o be_v upon_o who_o action_n a_o knowledge_n of_o time_n may_v be_v ground_v therefore_o among_o the_o other_o time_n that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o compute_v of_o time_n they_o omit_v not_o that_o particular_a but_o careful_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o those_o people_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o
they_o exact_o observe_v in_o their_o chronology_n all_o such_o change_n as_o happen_v in_o that_o matter_n but_o you_o have_v more_o then_o enough_o touch_v those_o custom_n that_o have_v be_v receive_v in_o the_o east_n about_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o spinetans_n tuscan_n carthaginian_n and_o other_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o west_n chap._n xiii_o nor_o be_v such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o have_v mention_v less_o clear_a and_o evident_a in_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o western_a nation_n the_o spinetan_n so_o call_v from_o the_o city_n spina_n situate_a near_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n po_n be_v a_o long_a time_n lord_n of_o the_o upper_a or_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v wont_a to_o send_v very_o liberal_a ten_o out_n of_o their_o profit_n by_o sea_n to_o apollo_n at_o delphos_n so_o say_v 5._o strabo_n and_o 1._o dionysius_n halicarnass_n who_o write_v express_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o tuscan_n that_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o command_n of_o the_o low_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o south-coast_n of_o italy_n that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n that_o they_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o 〈◊〉_d diodorus_n siculus_n say_v the_o tyrrheni_n or_o tuscan_n possess_v the_o sea_n a_o long_a time_n as_o lord_n call_v it_o by_o their_o own_o name_n but_o afterward_o the_o 20._o carthaginian_n become_v lord_n of_o almost_o the_o whole_a mediterranean_a which_o be_v more_o westward_a to_o wit_n of_o the_o sicilian_a and_o african_a sea_n who_o be_v overcome_v in_o battle_n agathocles_n king_n of_o sicily_n enjoy_v the_o same_o power_n for_o some_o time_n from_o who_o the_o people_n of_o africa_n revolt_a that_o dominion_n be_v soon_o restore_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o cxviii_o olympiad_n then_o for_o 40._o year_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o carthaginian_n continue_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n thereto_o that_o be_v to_o say_v until_o the_o fist_n punic_a war_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o cxxviii_o olympiad_n so_o also_o polybius_n punici_fw-la the_o carthaginian_n enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o controversy_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o carthaginian_n enjoy_v the_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o all_o controversy_n as_o receive_v from_o their_o ancestor_n but_o the_o carthaginian_n enjoy_v the_o same_o even_o long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o agathocles_n as_o it_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o that_o league_n of_o all_o that_o be_v make_v first_o of_o all_o betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o consul_n or_o about_o the_o sixty_o eight_o olympiad_n one_o article_n thereof_o be_v in_o polybius_n who_o only_a mention's_n it_o to_o this_o effect_n that_o neither_o the_o roman_n nor_o their_o confederate_n be_v to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o car._n fair_a promontory_n unless_o drive_v by_o tempest_n or_o force_v by_o enemy_n that_o be_v a_o promontory_n of_o africa_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v so_o far_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o roman_n or_o their_o confederate_n to_o sail_v beyond_o that_o promontory_n which_o the_o roman_n themselves_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v just_a in_o the_o league_n that_o they_o make_v but_o in_o the_o second_o league_n or_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o these_o famous_a nation_n in_o the_o west_n it_o be_v far_o provide_v that_o no_o roman_a shall_v touch_v either_o upon_o africa_n or_o sardinia_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o to_o take_v in_o provision_n or_o repair_v their_o ship_n as_o you_o may_v see_v also_o in_o polybius_n so_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v take_v away_o or_o restrain_v and_o hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o maria_n pompeius_n festus_n touch_v the_o paeni_fw-la or_o carthaginian_n the_o carthaginian_n have_v their_o original_n from_o tyre_n be_v so_o powerful_a at_o sea_n that_o navigation_n be_v hazardous_a to_o all_o man_n for_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o poeni_n moreover_o 8._o julius_n caesar_n write_v of_o the_o veneti_n a_o people_n of_o western_a gallia_n about_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n loire_n and_o of_o old_a very_o industrious_a in_o sea-affair_n above_o their_o neighbour_n say_v that_o in_o a_o great_a and_o open_a current_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v but_o a_o few_o port_n lie_v here_o and_o there_o which_o be_v in_o their_o possession_n they_o make_v almost_o all_o man_n pay_v custom_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o use_v the_o same_o sea_n tribute_n be_v pay_v to_o they_o as_o lord_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n nor_o must_v we_o pass_v by_o that_o here_o which_o 1._o paulus_n warnfredus_fw-la relate_n of_o autharis_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n there_o be_v a_o pillar_n place_v within_o the_o very_a water_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o wash_v the_o city_n of_o rhegium_n to_o that_o pillar_n say_v warnfredus_fw-la king_n autharis_n come_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o touch_v it_o with_o the_o point_n of_o his_o spear_n say_v even_o in_o this_o place_n shall_v be_v the_o bound_n of_o lombardâ—e_n but_o we_o must_v treat_v next_o concern_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o most_o noble_a precedent_n of_o all_o both_o for_o law_n and_o custom_n the_o sea_n dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v their_o custom_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n chap._n fourteen_o before_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n the_o carthaginian_n and_o the_o roman_n both_o strive_v with_o equal_a force_n and_o affection_n for_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n save_v that_o they_o of_o carthage_n seem_v the_o more_o potent_a by_o reason_n of_o that_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o they_o hold_v so_o many_o year_n but_o then_o c._n duillius_fw-la be_v make_v general_n of_o a_o navy_n of_o clx_o ship_n ride_v at_o anchor_n and_o arm_v within_o sixty_o day_n after_o the_o wood_n have_v be_v cut_v almost_o undo_v carthage_n in_o that_o sea_n and_o whole_o reduce_v it_o under_o the_o roman_a power_n and_o florus_n say_v 6._o when_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n be_v take_v away_o it_o shame_v that_o noble_a nation_n to_o pay_v tribute_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o command_v it_o so_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v deprive_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o dominion_n the_o roman_n get_v it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n and_o victory_n so_o great_a and_o so_o constant_a honour_n be_v for_o this_o cause_n pay_v to_o so_o renown_a a_o general_n that_o minstrel_n be_v ever_o send_v to_o make_v he_o music_n after_o supper_n and_o a_o torch_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o moreover_o both_o the_o phaenician_o and_o cilician_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o roman_n sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v betwixt_o they_o and_o antiochus_n king_n of_o syria_n wherein_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v that_o antiochus_n shall_v surrender_v his_o long_a ship_n and_o their_o warlike_a furniture_n and_o not_o have_v more_o than_o ten_o nimble_a galley_n none_o of_o which_o shall_v be_v row_v with_o above_o thirty_o oar_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o galley_n with_o one_o range_n of_o oar_n when_o he_o shall_v have_v any_o occasion_n to_o make_v a_o war._n nor_o shall_v he_o sail_v on_o this_o side_n the_o promontory_n of_o calycadnus_n or_o sarpedon_n unless_o it_o be_v a_o ship_n employ_v to_o convey_v money_n pay_v or_o ambassador_n or_o hostage_n so_o say_v 8._o livy_n but_o we_o read_v in_o polybius_n nullam_fw-la habeto_fw-la triginta_fw-la remis_fw-la actam_fw-la navem_fw-la let_v he_o have_v no_o ship_n row_v with_o 30_o oar_n in_o like_a manner_n hannibal_n in_o a_o speech_n make_v unto_o scipio_n say_v thus_o 30._o we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o all_o those_o place_n be_v you_o for_o which_o the_o war_n have_v be_v undertake_v sicily_n sardinia_n spain_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n contain_v in_o the_o whole_a sea_n betwixt_o africa_n and_o italy_n and_o may_v we_o carthaginian_n that_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o shore_n of_o africa_n see_v you_o when_o it_o so_o please_v the_o god_n rule_v foreign_a dominion_n by_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o peace_n be_v agree_v five_o hundred_o ship_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o be_v row_v with_o oar_n be_v by_o they_o seize_v and_o burn_v to_o wit_n that_o they_o may_v not_o use_v the_o sea_n which_o be_v then_o to_o be_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o other_o afterward_o also_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n be_v chastise_v 49._o because_o they_o have_v a_o army_n and_o material_n for_o ship_v contrary_a to_o the_o league_n and_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o war_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v against_o they_o because_o they_o have_v cause_v their_o army_n to_o march_v beyond_o their_o bound_n etc._n etc._n also_o pliny_n say_v express_o concern_v pompey_n the_o great_a 26._o that_o
reckon_v rather_o among_o the_o province_n of_o the_o continent_n the_o sea_n lie_v between_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o one_o continue_a territory_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o isle_n and_o that_o also_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n who_o notwithstanding_o use_v to_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o in_o our_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n the_o same_o ulpian_n also_o in_o another_o place_n say_v injuriis_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la i_o prohibet_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr piscari_fw-la vel_fw-la everriculum_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n forbid_v i_o to_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o draw_v a_o drag_v net_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d may_v i_o sue_v he_o or_o no_o at_o law_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n some_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o i_o may_v sue_v he_o upon_o a_o trespass_n so_o pomponius_n and_o many_o other_o say_v he_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o he_o that_o hinder_v one_o to_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o to_o sit_v in_o a_o public_a theatre_n or_o to_o act_v sit_v and_o conver_n in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o put_v case_n there_o be_v any_o one_o that_o permit_n i_o not_o to_o use_v that_o which_o be_v my_o own_o but_o the_o ancient_n allow_v a_o interdict_v to_o he_o that_o hire_v the_o sea_n if_o so_o be_v he_o hire_v it_o in_o a_o public_a manner_n for_o force_n by_o that_o interdict_v be_v allow_v that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v what_o he_o have_v hire_v therefore_o the_o sea_n because_o it_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o people_n be_v reckon_v among_o public_a thing_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n after_o another_o manner_n then_o public_a bath_n theatre_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o what_o do_v to_o hire_v in_o a_o public_a manner_n signify_v in_o this_o place_n but_o to_o become_v a_o hire_a or_o conductor_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o people_n be_v lord_n thereof_o and_o letter_n or_o locator_n i_o suppose_v no_o man_n do_v affirm_v that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v let_v for_o rent_n or_o hire_v which_o may_v not_o so_o belong_v to_o one_o man_n that_o can_v not_o be_v another_o but_o because_o public_a place_n by_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o 2._o private_a person_n therefore_o pomponius_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o may_v have_v be_v here_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n moreover_o it_o be_v a_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o you_o do_v nothing_o in_o a_o public_a place_n or_o cast_v any_o thing_n into_o it_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v endamage_v hereupon_o ulpian_n say_v 9_o against_o that_o man_n who_o have_v cast_v a_o dam_n or_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n a_o interdict_v be_v allow_v he_o who_o perhaps_o may_v be_v endamage_v thereby_o but_o if_o no_o man_n sustain_v damage_n he_o be_v to_o be_v defend_v who_o build's_n upon_o the_o shore_n or_o cast_v a_o pile_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o any_o man_n be_v hinder_v from_o fish_v or_o navigation_n by_o sea_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o interdict_v nor_o he_o likewise_o who_o may_v he_o restrain_v from_o play_v in_o the_o common_a field_n or_o from_o wash_v in_o a_o public_a bath_n or_o from_o be_v a_o spectator_n in_o a_o theatre_n but_o in_o all_o these_o case_n he_o must_v use_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n therefore_o a_o prohibitorie_n interdict_v or_o decree_n be_v to_o be_v use_v when_o dam_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o when_o damage_n be_v do_v to_o a_o theatre_n bath_n court_n or_o any_o public_a place_n whatsoëver_o to_o these_o thing_n which_o manifest_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o man_n be_v the_o sea_n every_o way_n compare_v even_o by_o ulpian_n himself_o there_o be_v also_o the_o same_o account_n make_v of_o the_o shore_n and_o sea_n rer._n by_o those_o that_o speak_v for_o a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o be_v they_o say_v to_o be_v less_o common_a by_o 7._o some_o who_o treat_v of_o they_o apart_o as_o by_o neratius_n and_o ulpianus_n but_o loco_fw-la celsus_n say_v i_o think_v those_o shore_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n over_o which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v dominion_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o there_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o that_o the_o pile_n cast_v into_o it_o belong_v to_o he_o that_o cast_v they_o be_v plain_o qualify_v and_o manifest_o restrain_v to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v where_o celsus_n say_v that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v in_o case_n the_o use_n of_o the_o shore_n or_o sea_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v the_o worse_a certain_o if_o the_o former_a word_n be_v mean_v of_o such_o a_o community_n or_o enjoyment_n common_a to_o all_o man_n as_o will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a permit_v the_o dominion_n or_o propriety_n of_o a_o particular_a person_n what_o mean_n that_n then_o that_o the_o use_n may_v become_v the_o worse_a for_o if_o a_o place_n shall_v become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o do_v possess_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o have_v before_o be_v possess_v by_o no_o man_n and_o no_o regard_n shall_v be_v have_v here_o of_o the_o dominion_n or_o right_n of_o another_o than_o it_o will_v be_v no_o less_o lawful_a for_o he_o that_o shall_v possess_v it_o to_o make_v the_o use_n thereof_o the_o worse_a to_o other_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o himself_o then_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v settle_v in_o a_o field_n that_o never_o be_v seize_v yet_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o therefore_o celsus_n will_v have_v the_o shore_n and_o sea_n so_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o as_o serve_v the_o use_n of_o all_o private_a person_n and_o that_o as_o have_v be_v say_v according_a to_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n and_o such_o qualification_n as_o be_v add_v out_o of_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n and_o the_o like_a can_v not_o without_o injury_n be_v make_v worse_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonweal_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v scevola_n publico_fw-la that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n man_n may_v build_v upon_o the_o shore_n if_o the_o public_a concernment_n do_v not_o hinder_v and_o aristo_n divisione_n quod_fw-la mari_n occupatum_fw-la est_fw-la fit_a publicum_fw-la that_o which_o be_v possess_v in_o the_o sea_n becom'_v public_a it_o pass_v into_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o so_o the_o word_n publicum_fw-la public_a do_v signify_v which_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n not_o equal_o common_a to_o all_o man_n by_o who_o also_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o that_o since_o call_v public_a other_o instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n whereby_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o lawyer_n as_o the_o transcript_n of_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o the_o writing_n of_o historian_n orator_n and_o poet_n that_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o land_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o belong_v to_o private_a person_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n together_o with_o that_o sanction_n establish_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n whereby_o the_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o by_o some_o be_v utter_o abolish_v as_o a_o thing_n unjust_a the_o dominion_n even_o of_o private_a person_n therein_o be_v assert_v chap._n xv._o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o public_a patrimony_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o a_o private_a dominion_n be_v prove_v no_o less_o then_o in_o that_o of_o particular_a person_n moreover_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o roman_a custom_n very_o ample_a testimony_n to_o prove_v that_o a_o propriety_n in_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v instate_v also_o on_o particular_a man_n such_o to_o who_o either_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n demise_v rent_a or_o make_v a_o grant_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o sea_n within_o the_o empire_n the_o rich_a and_o more_o magnificent_a sort_n
rule_n for_o limitation_n become_v useless_a after_o a_o ten_o year_n prescription_n the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n improve_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n by_o these_o as_o by_o other_o commodity_n which_o profit_n arise_v from_o those_o entry_n be_v usual_o style_v by_o the_o eastern_a lawyer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o may_v be_v translate_v locarium_fw-la for_o the_o price_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o hire_v of_o a_o stall_n shop_n or_o farm_n be_v call_v in_o 1._o latin_a locarium_fw-la so_o that_o we_o see_v private_a person_n raise_v their_o topiatica_n or_o locaria_fw-la that_o be_v their_o rent_n out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n and_o out_o of_o those_o rent_n they_o pay_v to_o the_o prince_n a_o yearly_a tribute_n amount_v to_o no_o inconsiderable_a sum_n as_o be_v show_v before_o levy_v upon_o that_o account_n so_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n not_o only_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n but_o also_o the_o dominion_n of_o private_a person_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v ratify_v by_o authority_n of_o public_a decree_n enact_v it_o and_o repeal_n as_o unjust_a whatsoëver_n gainsay_v it_o it_o be_v in_o use_n beyond_o all_o dispute_n above_o five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n for_o so_o many_o be_v reckon_v to_o the_o take_n of_o constantinople_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a decree_n of_o leo_n which_o concern_v not_o only_o bosphorus_n in_o thracia_n the_o hellespont_n the_o aegean_a and_o the_o narrow_a sea_n but_o all_o those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historical_a age_n or_o that_o which_o contain_n the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o common-weal_n that_o be_v long_o since_o exspire_v touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v now_o in_o be_v first_o of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o genova_n ligustick_a to_o the_o genoëse_n the_o tyrrhenian_a to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o last_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n or_o pope_n of_o rome_n chap._n xvi_o if_o we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o late_a time_n or_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v in_o high_a repute_n and_o authority_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v more_o clear_o illustrate_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n then_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o the_o most_o noble_a common-weal_n of_o venice_n have_v enjoy_v for_o so_o many_o age_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v every_o where_o attest_v and_o acknowledge_v not_o only_o by_o historian_n and_o chorographer_n but_o by_o very_a many_o lawyer_n injuriis_fw-la bartolus_n baldus_n angelus_n and_o a_o company_n of_o above_o thirty_o the_o most_o eminent_a among_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v mis-reckoned_n by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la who_o say_v he_o count_v so_o many_o in_o that_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o liberius_n vincentius_n write_v some_o year_n ago_o in_o defence_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o venetian_n over_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o answer_n to_o johannes_n baptista_n valenzola_n a_o spaniard_n and_o laurentius_n motinus_fw-la a_o roman_a who_o as_o he_o say_v to_o gratify_v the_o duke_n of_o ossuna_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n who_o creature_n they_o be_v write_v against_o the_o right_n of_o dominion_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o sea_n venice_n be_v common_o style_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o queen_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n though_o the_o controversy_n about_o its_o bound_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v and_o 1._o sannazarius_n write_v thus_o of_o this_o city_n viderat_fw-la adriacis_n venetam_fw-la neptunus_n in_o undis_fw-la stare_n urbem_fw-la &_o toto_fw-la ponere_fw-la jura_fw-la mari._n neptune_n see_v venice_n in_o the_o gulf_n to_o stand_v of_o adria_n and_o all_o the_o sea_n command_n nor_o do_v this_o dominion_n arise_v from_o any_o jurisdiction_n or_o protection_n over_o the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o frequent_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v imagine_v by_o some_o miserable_o 36._o carry_v away_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o ulpian_n so_o often_o affirm_v that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v commnn_v to_o all_o man_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o qualify_a dominion_n as_o say_v angelus_n matthaeacius_n professor_n at_o milan_n but_o this_o sea_n do_v so_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o other_o to_o use_v or_o enjoie_v the_o same_o without_o their_o permission_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v right_a to_o prohibit_v any_o to_o pass_v to_o impose_v custom_n upon_o those_o who_o they_o permit_v to_o do_v any_o other_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o raise_n of_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n out_o of_o the_o water_n as_o any_o man_n may_v do_v in_o his_o proper_a possession_n by_o land_n as_o concern_v navigation_n in_o that_o sea_n that_o it_o may_v be_v prohibit_v at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o by_o approve_a right_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o many_o lawyer_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v say_v injuriis_fw-la angelus_n de_fw-fr ubaldis_n but_o the_o venetian_n and_o their_o signiory_n for_o very_o many_o age_n have_v be_v and_o be_v in_o possession_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a gulf_n wherefore_o the_o venetian_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o ancient_a possession_n which_o they_o have_v have_v so_o long_o and_o do_v yet_o enjoie_v may_v by_o put_v a_o restriction_n into_o the_o form_n of_o their_o covenant_n hinder_v the_o genoëse_n or_o any_o other_o whatsoëver_o that_o shall_v offer_v to_o sail_v through_o their_o gulf._n the_o same_o saâ—e_v other_o also_o quote_v by_o 8._o benevenutus_fw-la straccha_n 14._o antonius_n peregrinus_n 26._o marta_n neopolitanus_n adriatici_n julius_n pacius_n illustr_n mantua_n patavinus_n jure_fw-la franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la and_o fulgentius_n monachus_n venetus_n who_o all_o have_v write_v more_o particular_o and_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o assert_v the_o right_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o there_o be_v example_n to_o be_v produce_v which_o show_n how_o prince_n as_o well_o neighbour_n as_o other_o have_v make_v it_o their_o suit_n to_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n to_o obtain_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o that_o sea_n which_o sometime_o be_v grant_v and_o sometime_o deny_v in_o the_o year_n 1399_o december_n 12._o radulphus_fw-la earl_n of_o otranto_n make_v a_o request_n to_o that_o state_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o uladislaus_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o william_n archduke_n of_o austria_n that_o leave_v may_v be_v grant_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n with_o galley_n and_o other_o ship_n to_o convey_v the_o sister_n of_o the_o king_n out_o of_o apulia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o archduke_n her_o husband_n which_o the_o republic_n grant_v but_o with_o this_o condition_n that_o no_o person_n that_o have_v be_v banish_v from_o venice_n or_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o capital_a crime_n against_o the_o state_n shall_v be_v take_v aboard_o those_o ship_n which_o the_o austrian_n embarking_a at_o trieste_n faithful_o observe_v both_o in_o their_o voyage_n and_o in_o their_o return_n there_o be_v extant_a also_o two_o letter_n 19_o wherein_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1478_o and_o 1479_o desire_n be_v of_o giovanni_n mocenigo_n duke_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o the_o state_n that_o leave_v may_v be_v grant_v he_o to_o transport_v corn_n from_o apulia_n through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n franciscus_n de_fw-fr ingenuis_fw-la make_v mention_n of_o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n write_v to_o the_o same_o duke_n from_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n and_o this_o they_o entreat_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a favour_n for_o which_o they_o shall_v acknowledge_v themselves_o oblige_v mathias_n king_n of_o hungary_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o duke_n mocenigo_n date_a 1482._o write_v that_o whereas_o the_o state_n have_v be_v wont_a to_o give_v leave_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o frangipanis_n and_o zenga_n and_o other_o who_o territory_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n every_o year_n to_o transport_v a_o certain_a store_n of_o corn_n from_o apulia_n through_o that_o sea_n he_o desire_n be_v that_o the_o same_o liberty_n may_v be_v vouchsafe_v to_o himself_o who_o have_v now_o succeed_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o very_a same_o country_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o right_n which_o the_o venetian_n have_v to_o impose_v custom_n on_o passenger_n as_o travel_v through_o their_o peculiar_a territory_n there_o be_v frequent_a testimony_n among_o the_o lawyer_n foenore_fw-la salicetus_fw-la mention_v a_o decree_n of_o the_o venetian_n that_o all_o who_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n shall_v bring_v in_o their_o merchandise_n to_o
venice_n and_o there_o pay_v custom_n and_o say_v 10._o bartholomeus_n cepola_n the_o venetian_n within_o their_o dominion_n have_v several_a royalty_n and_o right_n belong_v to_o their_o exchequer_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la at_o least_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a so_o that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o impose_v gabel_n to_o confiscate_v good_n and_o commodity_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n have_v as_o full_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o in_o the_o city_n antonius_n peregrinus_n also_o who_o be_v advocate_n of_o the_o exchequer_n at_o milan_n after_o a_o large_a discourse_n upon_o this_o subject_n 18._o the_o conclusion_n say_v he_o be_v this_o that_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v one_o of_o the_o royalty_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v power_n to_o forbid_v permit_v and_o charge_v gabel_n upon_o it_o julius_n pacius_n marta_n and_o other_o both_o modern_a and_o ancient_a treat_v at_o large_a of_o this_o particular_a and_o the_o reason_n of_o some_o neapolitan_n that_o be_v the_o most_o obstinate_a opposer_n of_o this_o right_n be_v only_o draw_v either_o from_o that_o seqq_fw-la opinion_n for_o so_o many_o age_n since_o explode_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v natural_o common_a to_o all_o or_o from_o that_o chimaera_n of_o the_o universal_a dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n whereas_o 25._o marta_n himself_o who_o be_v a_o lawyer_n of_o naples_n write_v thus_o the_o venetian_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n the_o extent_n whereof_o be_v 80_o mile_n reach_v from_o that_o place_n heretofore_o call_v aquae_n graduatae_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o loreto_n seat_v now_o near_o the_o river_n po._n and_o francisco_n di_fw-mi capoblanco_n a_o neopolitan_a also_o 27._o confess_v that_o now_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n be_v pass_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o lord_n and_o patron_n and_o in_o a_o letter_n of_o 871._o lewis_n the_o 2_o do_v to_o basilius_n emperor_n of_o the_o east_n nicetas_n patricius_n be_v mention_v under_o this_o title_n the_o protector_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o the_o gulf_n say_v 25._o cardinalis_fw-la tuschus_fw-la do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o venetian_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o long_a prescription_n of_o possession_n as_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v in_o a_o agreement_n make_v between_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n and_o genoa_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o he_o cite'_v angelus_n and_o jason_n but_o the_o first_o time_n they_o say_v wherein_o custom_n be_v charge_v upon_o those_o that_o pass_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v the_o year_n 1263_o when_o lorenzo_n tepulo_fw-la be_v duk_n of_o venice_n the_o republic_n of_o genoa_n be_v distress_v with_o war_n and_o famine_n and_o their_o neighbour_n not_o relieve_v they_o with_o provision_n this_o tepulo_fw-la say_v 8._o flavius_n blondus_fw-la begin_v to_o impose_v a_o new_a custom_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o plain_o lie_v a_o restraint_n upon_o those_o that_o sade_v through_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n for_o upon_o that_o occision_n a_o law_n be_v make_v which_o remain's_n in_o force_n to_o this_o very_a dâ—ie_n that_o all_o who_o sail_v between_o the_o gulf_n de_fw-fr quevera_n and_o the_o pola_n promontory_n of_o sola_n and_o coast_n of_o ravenna_n shall_v come_v into_o venice_n to_o pay_v custom_n and_o if_o the_o officer_n think_v fit_a to_o unlade_v their_o merchandise_n and_o good_n and_o a_o officer_n be_v ordain_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o scout_v day_n and_o night_n with_o his_o bark_n about_o the_o coast_n and_o harbour_n of_o shore_n to_o see_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o above_o all_o we_o must_v not_o pass_v by_o that_o controversy_n which_o happen_v about_o this_o time_n between_o the_o people_n of_o ancona_n and_o the_o venetian_n in_o a_o general_a council_n at_o lion_n the_o anconitan_n complain_v that_o the_o venetian_n have_v usurp_v the_o sea_n and_o custom_n and_o other_o thing_n against_o all_o right_a pope_n gregory_n the_o ten_o refer_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o nervosia_n he_o reject_v the_o allegation_n of_o the_o anconitan_n as_o weak_a and_o want_a proof_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n say_v the_o aforenamed_a blondus_n commend_v to_o the_o venetian_n the_o care_n of_o defend_v the_o aforesaid_a coast_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n against_o the_o saracen_n and_o pirate_n allow_v they_o withal_o the_o right_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o impost_n whereat_o the_o ambassador_n which_o be_v then_o present_a do_v not_o interpose_v a_o word_n but_o the_o debate_n be_v thus_o determine_v with_o the_o approbation_n of_o all_o except_z the_o complainants_n but_o the_o dominion_n of_o venice_n over_o that_o sea_n be_v of_o far_o great_a antiquity_n to_o signify_v which_o they_o have_v a_o annual_a ceremony_n institute_v they_o say_v by_o pope_n 18._o alexander_n the_o three_o i_o mean_v the_o use_n of_o the_o ring_n which_o every_o year_n upon_o ascension_n day_n the_o duke_n in_o a_o solemn_a manner_n row_v in_o the_o bucentoro_fw-it accompany_v with_o the_o clarissimos_fw-la of_o the_o senate_n cast_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o perpetuate_n say_v republica_n paulus_n merula_n of_o their_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n signify_v by_o that_o love-token_n that_o he_o betroth_n the_o sea_n to_o himself_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o lawful_a spous_a use_v such_o a_o form_n of_o matrimony_n we_o take_v thou_o to_o our_o wed_a wife_n o_o sea_n in_o token_n of_o a_o true_a and_o perpetual_a dominion_n what_o shall_v hinder_v then_o but_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o venetian_n be_v look_v upon_o not_o only_o by_o themselves_o but_o by_o their_o neighbour_n prince_n as_o lord_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o as_o unquestionable_a and_o full_a a_o title_n as_o of_o their_o land_n and_o city_n there_o be_v other_o state_n also_o in_o italy_n that_o have_v maritime_a right_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n prince_n say_v 40._o benedictus_n bonius_n have_v right_a to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n forasmuch_o as_o what_o nature_n â—ad_v leave_v at_o liberty_n be_v bring_v by_o they_o into_o servitude_n and_o propriety_n as_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n which_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o pisa_n and_o tus._n canie_n the_o adriatic_a of_o venice_n the_o ligustick_a of_o genoa_n which_o be_v affirm_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o 290._o angelus_n recitanâ—a_fw-la baldus_n 26._o cepola_n and_o other_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n also_o have_v his_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v likewise_o the_o church_n sea_n the_o bull_n entitle_v coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la which_o be_v 251._o wont_a to_o be_v publish_v every_o good_a friday_n for_o the_o excommunication_n or_o delinquent_n run_v thus_o item_n we_o excommunicate_v and_o anathematise_v all_o pirate_n rover_n and_o robber_n upon_o the_o sea_n thâ—se_a that_o haunt_n and_o infest_v our_o sea_n especial_o that_o part_n lie_v between_o the_o mountain_n argentaro_n and_o terracina_n and_o 1._o bartholomaeus_n ugâ—inus_n a_o famous_a lawyer_n say_v that_o this_o excommunication_n do_v involv_n pirate_n rover_n or_o robber_n upon_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o haunt_v the_o church_n sea_n especial_o that_o part_n lie_v between_o the_o mountain_n argentaro_n and_o terracina_n the_o same_o be_v call_v by_o other_o the_o pope_n sea_n and_o although_o a_o 53._o certain_a author_n will_v there_o by_o our_o sea_n have_v the_o whole_a sea_n understand_v in_o all_o part_n of_o christendom_n yet_o it_o be_v the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o most_o famous_a interpreter_n of_o that_o bull_n as_o 20._o tolet_n 18._o suarez_n ugolinus_fw-la seqq_fw-la antonius_n de_fw-fr sousa_n and_o other_o that_o by_o that_o name_n be_v signify_v the_o sea_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o peculiar_a patrimony_n of_o the_o pope_n nay_o more_o than_o this_o some_o of_o those_o autor_n now_o mention_v will_v have_v this_o cur_n of_o excommunication_n to_o be_v incur_v not_o only_o by_o commit_v piracie_n but_o by_o a_o harmless_a passage_n of_o pirate_n through_o this_o sea_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o a_o profanation_n or_o injury_n be_v commit_v upon_o churchland_n so_o that_o such_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v plain_o avouch_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o what_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o gloss_n of_o that_o body_n if_o herring_n be_v take_v upon_o a_o holy_a day_n a_o convenient_a part_n of_o they_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v due_a to_o the_o next_o neighbour_a church_n there_o the_o ferris_n gloss_n add'_v especial_o to_o those_o in_o who_o territory_n the_o fish_n be_v catch_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o a_o general_n council_n at_o lion_n if_o the_o pope_n die_v be_v out_o of_o the_o city_n the_o cardinal_n be_v to_o meet_v for_o the_o election_n of_o
kingdom_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n be_v transfer_v into_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o passage_n he_o have_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n as_o also_o 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la 11_o ludovicus_n servinus_fw-la sometime_o solicitor_n general_a for_o the_o king_n france_n popellinerius_n and_o other_o if_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n of_o maâ—seille_n or_o narbon_n we_o shall_v not_o oppose_v they_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v northward_o or_o westward_o of_o the_o french_a or_o that_o flow'_v between_o france_n and_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n for_o that_o which_o lie_v westward_o from_o they_o upon_o that_o crooked_a shore_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o aquitaine_n do_v indeed_o flow_v between_o the_o more_o westerly_a coast_n of_o our_o british_a isle_n and_o of_o france_n as_o well_o as_o that_o which_o lie_v northward_o from_o they_o flow'_v between_o england_n and_o normandy_n they_o neither_o produce_v any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o if_o they_o will_v unless_o you_o will_v have_v that_o admit_v which_o have_v be_v cite_v out_o of_o caesar_n concern_v the_o veneti_n of_o france_n aremoriça_n and_o that_o which_o we_o say_v before_o of_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o that_o shore_n both_o which_o indeed_o do_v rather_o import_v some_o service_n call_v heretofore_o nobilitates_fw-la super_fw-la navibus_fw-la than_o any_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o this_o sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o they_o and_o we_o become_v absolute_o appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o book_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o custom_n most_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a or_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o derogate_n from_o the_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o to_o they_o it_o remaine_n as_o yet_o not_o possess_v but_o common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o revenue_n or_o patrimony_n of_o their_o king_n if_o so_o be_v credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o that_o treatise_n late_o publish_v of_o the_o civil_a roman_a and_o french_a law_n by_o thomas_n cormerius_n counsellor_n to_o francis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n in_o his_o parliament_n of_o alencon_n the_o matter_n that_o it_o pretend'_v to_o treat_v of_o be_v the_o roman_a gallic_a law_n there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n decree_n of_o prince_n and_o privilege_n often_o intermingle_v but_o under_o the_o 2._o title_n of_o thing_n common_a â—o_o all_o he_o make_v the_o sea_n and_o shore_n common_a to_o all_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o if_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o do_v exact_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o france_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o french_a have_v no_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n nor_o must_v we_o let_v it_o pass_v that_o somwhile_o since_o there_o be_v two_o constitution_n pretend_v to_o in_o france_n one_o of_o 1555._o henry_n the_o second_o the_o other_o of_o 1584._o henry_n the_o three_o wherein_o they_o require_v that_o the_o ship_n of_o foreigner_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n border_v upon_o france_n shall_v strike_v their_o topsail_n forsooth_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o that_o dominion_n the_o french_a have_v over_o the_o sea_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v autorize_v or_o as_o they_o speak_v simple_o verify_v by_o the_o estate_n in_o parliament_n yea_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o admit_v into_o custom_n nay_o the_o late_a of_o they_o be_v plain_o reject_v as_o to_o any_o effect_n in_o law_n and_o this_o the_o french_a lawyer_n themselves_o confess_v in_o a_o 1609._o notable_a case_n between_o some_o merchant_n of_o hamburgh_n that_o be_v plaintiff_n and_o michaël_n butardus_n and_o other_o defendant_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o tours_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o but_o that_o ceremony_n have_v by_o most_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n be_v observe_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n out_o of_o respect_n and_o in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o dominion_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o this_o particular_a more_o at_o large_a i_o know_v very_o well_o 2._o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o edict_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o one_o three_o part_n of_o all_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o admiral_n and_o the_o remainder_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o find_v they_o and_o that_o the_o french_a do_v reckon_v very_o many_o commander_n in_o chief_a at_o sea_n or_o admiral_n in_o a_o line_n sometime_o continue_v and_o sometime_o interrupt_v which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o begin_v from_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o st._n lewis_n that_o be_v from_o the_o year_n mcclxxxiv_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o franc._n joannes_n feronius_n 14._o stephanus_n paschasius_fw-la and_o other_o but_o that_o division_n of_o good_n recover_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v simple_o consider_v do_v prove_v any_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n no_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o of_o any_o prize_n take_v from_o a_o enemy_n at_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n also_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o 5._o admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n right_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o person_n to_o wit_n subject_n transfer_v unto_o the_o king_n not_o upon_o any_o title_n of_o dominion_n whereby_o any_o pretence_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o acquire_v of_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o they_o be_v pay_v no_o otherwise_o then_o impost_n or_o custom_n in_o the_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o merchandise_n but_o no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v imagine_v that_o from_o such_o impost_n or_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n any_o proof_n may_v be_v make_v of_o a_o dominion_n over_o those_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o merchant_n sail_n before_o they_o arrive_v neither_o indeed_o be_v there_o any_o such_o custom_n as_o this_o in_o use_n among_o the_o french_a before_o the_o time_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v plain_o not_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o desire_v to_o be_v and_o be_v make_v a_o sharer_n of_o those_o good_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o his_o subject_n out_o of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v as_o his_o own_o whatsoëver_n be_v leave_v or_o lose_v in_o the_o sea_n beside_o other_o emolument_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o by_o so_o ancient_a a_o right_n as_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v bear_n be_v a_o date_n no_o less_o ancient_a than_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o and_o as_o for_o those_o admiral_n of_o france_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o chief_a commander_n of_o navy_n and_o person_n and_o of_o the_o force_n by_o sea_n and_o judicatories_n at_o home_o but_o not_o qualify_v as_o precedent_n of_o a_o sea-province_n or_o territory_n as_o the_o custodes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la maris_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o english_a and_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n but_o more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o second_o book_n nevertheless_o from_o what_o have_v be_v allege_v concern_v the_o custom_n opinion_n or_o constitution_n among_o the_o french_a i_o suppose_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n which_o serve_v his_o full_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o point_n in_o question_n the_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o swede_n polander_n and_o turk_n chap._n xix_o we_o find_v clear_a testimony_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n also_o of_o europe_n touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n the_o polander_n to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v also_o the_o turk_n we_o have_v observe_v by_o the_o toll_v or_o custom_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n what_o revenue_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n raise_v out_o of_o the_o very_a navigation_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o what_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o royalty_n of_o the_o norwegian_a sea_n to_o the_o king_n of_o norway_n who_o at_o this_o time_n be_v also_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o in_o the_o year_n mdlxxxiii_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n make_v a_o
grant_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o northern_a or_o norwegian_a sea_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n to_o our_o merchant_n of_o the_o muscovie_n company_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o he_o have_v rent_v out_o any_o land_n whereof_o he_o stand_v full_o seize_v and_o possess_v he_o limit_v the_o grant_n also_o with_o such_o condition_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a the_o public_a instrument_n or_o record_n about_o this_o particular_a be_v cottoniano_n yet_o extant_a whereby_o the_o king_n have_v a_o annual_a tribute_n in_o recompense_n other_o merchant_n be_v exclude_v and_o the_o grant_v itself_o be_v to_o continue_v no_o long_o than_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o that_o king_n and_o the_o moscovit_fw-la we_o read_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a history_n of_o denmark_n of_o king_n harald_n hildetan_n that_o no_o man_n do_v presume_v to_o usurp_v a_o domination_n in_o the_o sea_n without_o his_o consent_n and_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o next_o ought_v especial_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o to_o this_o particular_a because_o the_o empire_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v once_o divide_v in_o the_o republic_n of_o denmark_n and_o olo_n who_o afterward_o be_v king_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n vanquish_v lxx_o king_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o sea-fight_n which_o thing_n be_v write_v by_o 7._o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o other_o also_o of_o that_o kind_n and_o in_o the_o regis_fw-la treaty_n hold_v at_o koppenhagen_n betwixt_o christiern_n the_o four_o of_o denmark_n and_o gustavus_n adolphus_n of_o swedland_n the_o king_n of_o swedland_n renounce_v the_o right_a sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o other_o royalty_n by_o he_o former_o claim_v over_o the_o say_a sea_n in_o norway_n norland_n and_o in_o the_o jurisaiction_n of_o wardhuisen_n but_o touch_v the_o sea_n of_o norway_n as_o it_o lie_v more_o northward_o we_o shall_v add_v more_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n mention_n be_v make_v likewise_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o in_o that_o promise_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n iii_o of_o france_n when_o he_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n the_o aforesaid_a ambassador_n do_v promise_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a king_n now_o choose_v that_o assoon_o god_n will_v as_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n maintain_v a_o convenient_a navy_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o port_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o province_n adjoin_v even_o to_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v record_v by_o janus_n januszowskius_n in_o his_o 109._o syntagma_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o by_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n and_o so_o purchase_v both_o the_o aegean_a and_o euxin_n sea_n call_v this_o the_o black_a the_o other_o the_o white_a sea_n be_v wont_v solemn_o to_o entitle_v himself_o lord_n both_o of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o league_n betwixt_o achmet_n the_o ottoman_a emperor_n and_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n make_v above_o thirty_o year_n since_o and_o 1615._o print_v both_o in_o the_o french_a and_o turkish_a tongue_n moreover_o in_o the_o same_o league_n the_o turk_n grant_n the_o french_a free_a leave_v to_o fish_n and_o search_v for_o coral_n in_o certain_a streit_n and_o creek_n of_o the_o african_a sea_n within_o his_o kingdom_n of_o algiers_n and_o tunis_n and_o he_o far_a confirm_n all_o that_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n for_o freedom_n of_o fish_v in_o those_o part_n in_o like_a manner_n 2._o coriolanus_n cippicus_n relate_v the_o action_n of_o pietrâ—_n mocenigo_n general_n of_o the_o venetian_n say_v the_o ottoman_a emperor_n build_v two_o castle_n very_o well_o fortify_v over_o against_o each_o other_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hellespont_n in_o its_o narrow_a passage_n which_o he_o store_v with_o ordnance_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n and_o charge_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n to_o shoot_v and_o sink_v any_o ship_n that_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o pass_v without_o leave_v which_o be_v plain_o to_o domineer_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a sea_n neither_o be_v that_o to_o be_v slight_v here_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o david_n emperor_n of_o ethiopia_n or_o the_o abassins_n to_o emmanuël_n king_n of_o portugal_n he_o entitle_v he_o moâ—â—lus_fw-la lord_n of_o africa_n and_o guinee_n and_o the_o mountain_n and_o island_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o of_o the_o red_a sea_n arabia_n and_o persia_n and_o armutia_n great_a india_n etc._n etc._n he_o use_v here_o a_o hyperbole_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o african_a prince_n and_o attribute_n those_o thing_n to_o emmanuël_n which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o admit_n that_n he_o may_v have_v be_v lord_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o any_o other_o territory_n and_o that_o that_o title_n do_v not_o entrench_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o nation_n any_o more_o than_o this_o now_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n conclude_v this_o part_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o admit_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o receive_v into_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n there_o be_v not_o only_o very_o many_o testimony_n every_o where_o as_o have_v be_v show_v you_o concern_v it_o but_o nothing_o at_o all_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v find_v to_o impugn_v it_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v be_v of_o any_o note_n in_o late_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o some_o of_o they_o that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o other_o do_v strive_v to_o violate_v or_o infringe_v the_o right_n of_o their_o neighbour_n under_o pretence_n of_o that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n so_o often_o insist_v on_o out_o of_o ulpian_n by_o such_o writer_n as_o too_o much_o prefer_v that_o obsolete_a opinion_n before_o the_o universal_a and_o most_o ancient_a custom_n of_o nation_n of_o which_o kind_n true_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o league_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o be_v make_v above_o twenty_o or_o about_o thirty_o year_n past_a betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o some_o of_o the_o hans-town_n as_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o low-dutch_a by_o a_o 14._o dutchman_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o this_o conjunction_n or_o union_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v intend_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o any_o but_o only_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n commerce_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n and_o also_o in_o all_o river_n and_o stream_n run_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n nor_o ought_v any_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o place_n so_o that_o their_o citizen_n and_o subject_n join_v in_o this_o league_n respective_o may_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o liberty_n acquire_v and_o obtain_v together_o with_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o custom_n receive_v from_o their_o ancestor_n throughout_o the_o eastern_a and_o northern_a sea_n aforesaid_a and_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a river_n stream_n and_o water_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n they_o promise_v also_o to_o aid_v each_o other_o in_o oppose_v any_o that_o shall_v hinder_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o northern_a and_o eastern_a sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o baltic_a and_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n lituania_n pomerania_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n where_o it_o seem_v they_o pretend_v not_o only_o right_n and_o liberty_n peculiar_o grant_v to_o they_o long_o since_o but_o also_o to_o the_o very_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o league_n may_v be_v for_o about_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v raise_v his_o toll_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n within_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n and_o that_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o dominion_n which_o they_o enjoy_v which_o that_o kind_n of_o league_n betwixt_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hans_n town_n and_o unite_a province_n do_v seem_v to_o oppose_v but_o to_o pass_v over_o these_o thing_n see_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v found_v upon_o such_o clear_a testimony_n out_o of_o the_o custom_n
lie_v and_o after_o she_o have_v say_v that_o she_o come_v to_o claim_v a_o public_a gift_n she_o add'_v quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la detis_fw-la supplex_fw-la peto_fw-la which_o notwithstanding_o i_o humble_o beg_v you_o will_v bestow_v nothing_o in_o that_o place_n oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o water_n more_o than_o of_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoëver_o whereto_o that_o say_n of_o ennius_n may_v have_v relation_n 1._o nihilo_fw-la minùs_fw-la ipsi_fw-la lucet_fw-la quum_fw-la illi_fw-la accenderit_fw-la his_o own_o light_n be_v not_o the_o less_o when_o he_o have_v lend_v light_n to_o another_o and_o as_o cicero_n tell_v we_o we_o all_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n seem_v common_a to_o man_n which_o community_n notwithstanding_o derogate_n nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o dominion_n here_o in_o question_n unless_o any_o will_v be_v so_o unadvised_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o law_n of_o friendship_n wherein_o philosopher_n say_v all_o thing_n be_v common_a with_o those_o of_o charity_n and_o liberality_n may_v overthrow_v private_a dominion_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o more_o weight_n in_o that_o which_o be_v object_v out_o of_o virgil._n what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n virgil_n or_o ilioneus_n speak_v of_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n say_v that_o the_o water_n be_v open_a to_o all_o ergò_fw-la by_o law_n the_o water_n must_v lie_v open_a at_o all_o time_n to_o all_o man_n a_o very_a trifle_a argument_n there_o be_v no_o land_n that_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o first_o distribution_n of_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o remain_v open_a to_o all_o before_o it_o come_v under_o particular_a possession_n but_o in_o that_o passage_n of_o virgil_n there_o be_v no_o demand_n make_v of_o right_o but_o only_o a_o office_n of_o humanity_n request_v from_o the_o king_n of_o latium_n yea_o and_o a_o promise_v make_v of_o recompense_n say_v non_fw-la erimus_fw-la regno_fw-la indecores_fw-la nec_fw-la vestra_fw-la feretur_fw-la 7._o fama_fw-la levis_fw-la tantique_fw-la abolescet_fw-la gratia_fw-la facti_fw-la we_o will_v not_o disgrace_v your_o realm_n nor_o light_o set_v your_o fame_n and_o so_o great_a courtesy_n forget_v therefore_o in_o the_o poet_n sens_fw-fr the_o benefit_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n not_o claim_v by_o any_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o yea_o we_o know_v that_o in_o many_o place_n a_o excise_n or_o payment_n be_v make_v sometime_o for_o the_o very_a use_n of_o water_n as_o among_o the_o hollander_n they_o have_v in_o delph-land_n a_o custom_n call_v jus_n grutae_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v under_o the_o care_n of_o those_o officer_n call_v in_o latin_a thence_o comites_fw-la plumarii_fw-la in_o dutch_a pluymgraven_v and_o whereby_o the_o beer-brewer_n as_o 19_o hadrianus_n junius_n tell_v we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v they_o the_o hundred_o part_n for_o the_o use_n of_o water_n other_o instance_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n last_o as_o to_o that_o say_n of_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n concern_v alexander_n it_o shew_v only_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o alexander_n have_v not_o get_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v not_o say_v at_o all_o that_o he_o can_v not_o lawful_o get_v it_o nor_o true_o can_v they_o say_v it_o without_o gross_a indiscretion_n unless_o they_o will_v renounce_v their_o own_o right_n which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v out_o of_o their_o determination_n in_o the_o great_a or_o phaenician_n sea_n and_o whatsoëver_o those_o rabbin_n may_v light_o say_v of_o alexander_n yet_o true_o flavius_z 27._o josephus_n a_o jew_n and_o if_o we_o may_v believ_n himself_o the_o most_o eminent_a lawyer_n of_o his_o time_n among_o the_o jew_n call_v the_o emperor_n vespasian_n lord_n both_o of_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o 3._o julian_n say_v that_o alexander_n aspire_v after_o a_o empire_n by_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o by_o land_n which_o have_v be_v mention_v also_o by_o suasory_n seneca_n but_o all_o these_o objection_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o writer_n treat_v of_o other_o matter_n which_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o last_o place_n let_v we_o take_v such_o opinion_n of_o the_o lawyer_n into_o consideration_n as_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o ancient_a lawyer_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o those_o lawyer_n that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n some_o be_v ancient_a some_o modern_a if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o most_o notable_a testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n this_o only_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o they_o touch_v the_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o some_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v indeed_o of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n the_o sea_n be_v perpetual_o and_o necessary_o common_a to_o all_o man_n which_o nevertheless_o most_o clear_o appear_v to_o be_v far_o otherwise_o if_o a_o diligent_a survey_n be_v make_v of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n either_o civil_a or_o intervenient_a of_o most_o age_n and_o nation_n as_o we_o have_v very_o abundant_o prove_v in_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o and_o that_o not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a historian_n whereof_o there_o be_v very_o oftentimes_o most_o use_n in_o search_v out_o the_o most_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n and_o other_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o law_n themselves_o seqq_fw-la but_o also_o out_o of_o the_o very_a league_n or_o intervenient_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n yea_o and_o other_o lawyer_n of_o no_o less_o note_n together_o with_o the_o principal_a edict_n in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n beside_o many_o other_o from_o whence_o any_o one_o may_v easy_o learn_v what_o according_a to_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n aught_o to_o be_v determine_v in_o this_o matter_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o according_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a or_o of_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o hunt_v and_o hawk_n in_o another_o man_n ult_n wood_n or_o ground_n and_o to_o fish_n in_o another_o man_n pond_n or_o lake_n much_o more_o in_o a_o river_n except_o it_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o owner_n in_o possession_n these_o thing_n say_v 2._o cujacius_n be_v so_o determine_v by_o the_o prudent_a roman_n who_o adhere_v most_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o custom_n have_v now_o overrule_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o fish_v so_o much_o as_o in_o a_o public_a river_n nor_o to_o hunt_v or_o hawk_n free_o in_o the_o field_n and_o say_v the_o same_o regalibus_fw-la author_n in_o another_o place_n the_o exchequer_n be_v to_o be_v justify_v only_o by_o custom_n in_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o fishery_n in_o a_o private_a manner_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o feudal_n law_n the_o revenue_n of_o fishery_n be_v count_v among_o the_o regalia_z or_o royalty_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o reckon_v by_o learned_a man_n among_o the_o ancient_n belong_v to_o the_o 31._o roman_a exchequer_n or_o treasury_n who_o cite_v ulpian_n himself_o for_o a_o witness_n for_o he_o among_o the_o public_a custom_n or_o revenue_n number_v the_o revenue_n s._n piscariarum_fw-la as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o read_v of_o fishery_n other_o instead_o of_o it_o put_v picariarum_fw-la pitch-pit_n for_o those_o place_n from_o whence_o pitch_n be_v dig_v sure_o even_o censibus_fw-la ulpian_n himself_o reckon'_v fishpond_n among_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v liable_a to_o assessment_n but_o howsoëver_o the_o late_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v subvert_v or_o overrule_v that_o more_o ancient_a law_n of_o fish_v hunt_v and_o foul_n free_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o law_n natural_a as_o they_o term_v it_o or_o of_o nation_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o the_o etc._n law_n of_o those_o place_n which_o they_o call_v forest_n the_o wildt_fw-mi bahne_n or_o bannum_fw-la ferinum_fw-la and_o of_o river_n as_o it_o be_v various_o establish_v in_o several_a country_n and_o so_o without_o any_o prohibition_n of_o the_o owner_n in_o possession_n that_o ancient_a freedom_n have_v be_v abrogate_a many_o age_n since_o by_o most_o receive_a custom_n which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o the_o sea_n whatsoêver_o those_o ancient_n and_o their_o follower_n have_v write_v to_o the_o contrary_n moreover_o the_o emperor_n leo_n have_v as_o we_o have_v show_v you_o express_o declare_v by_o edict_n that_o the_o ancient_a right_o concern_v a_o necessary_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o without_o injustice_n pretend_v in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n wherefore_o michaël_n attaliate_v true_o do_v ill_a and_o so_o have_v any_o other_o lawyer_n of_o the_o east_n if_o any_o there_o be_v since_o the_o day_n of_o leo_n that_o have_v oppose_v its_o private_a dominion_n nor_o indeed_o have_v that_o eminent_a man_n deal_v any_o better_a who_o
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
the_o whole_a world_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possess_v at_o first_o by_o ancient_a prince_n it_o may_v even_o as_o well_o pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n howsoêver_o there_o have_v be_v 52._o some_o other_o who_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n distinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n the_o inner_a and_o neighbour_a sea_n from_o the_o open_a sea_n or_o main_a ocean_n but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v omit_v that_o they_o for_o who_o sake_n hugo_n grotius_n write_v that_o book_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o stateâ—_n of_o holland_n do_v not_o unwilling_o but_o rather_o as_o it_o seem_v according_a to_o their_o own_o heart_n desire_v give_v ear_n to_o the_o condemnation_n of_o that_o opinion_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v own_v by_o grotius_n concern_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o freedom_n of_o fish_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o james_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o a_o speech_n of_o his_o deliver_v open_o in_o holland_n and_o that_o other_o be_v grave_o admonish_v from_o his_o misfortune_n not_o to_o maintain_v the_o like_a of_o which_o thing_n grotius_n himself_o bear_n witness_n 257._o i_o have_v labour_v say_v he_o as_o much_o as_o any_o to_o maintain_v the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n and_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o clothdress_v in_o our_o country_n but_o for_o the_o freedom_n of_o fish_v at_o sea_n so_o much_o that_o carleton_n the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n ambassador_n be_v incite_v by_o my_o enemy_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o in_o public_a against_o i_o be_v at_o business_n that_o time_n in_o prison_n he_o have_v no_o â—ing_v else_o to_o say_v but_o that_o i_o have_v begin_v to_o make_v some_o discourse_n in_o defence_n of_o that_o freedom_n as_o a_o thing_n ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o nothing_o have_v be_v say_v or_o write_v by_o i_o upon_o that_o subject_n different_a from_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o state_n be_v ambassador_n have_v maintain_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n mdcx_o and_o our_o ancestor_n before_o even_o for_o some_o age_n past_a and_o yet_o that_o ambassador_n say_v that_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v terrify_v by_o the_o example_n of_o my_o misfortune_n from_o defend_v that_o opinion_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o person_n in_o power_n usual_o take_v a_o liberty_n to_o asper_n man_n as_o they_o pleasant_a when_o they_o be_v in_o question_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o speak_v so_o much_o against_o hugo_n grotius_n as_o against_o that_o natural_a right_n of_o community_n at_o sea_n injurious_o pretend_v to_o which_o many_o man_n have_v defend_v more_o express_o and_o plain_o then_o himself_o but_o none_o with_o so_o much_o learning_n and_o ingenuity_n nor_o do_v that_o speech_n of_o the_o ambassador_n for_o aught_o we_o know_v as_o thing_n than_o stand_v displea_n the_o state_n of_o holland_n but_o in_o his_o book_n 3_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la have_v indeed_o set_v down_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o original_n of_o private_a dominion_n to_o be_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o those_o place_n which_o become_v peculiar_o assign_v be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o all_o man_n he_o conclude_n that_o the_o sea_n because_o of_o its_o bigness_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n be_v sufficient_a for_o all_o can_v be_v appropriate_v to_o any_o he_o add'_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o be_v distinguishable_a by_o bound_n of_o both_o which_o we_o have_v say_v enough_o already_o but_o at_o length_n he_o betake'_v himself_o to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n and_o speak_v more_o than_o once_o concern_v the_o propriety_n or_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n sometime_o to_o be_v yield_v without_o controversy_n the_o land_n say_v 13._o he_o and_o river_n and_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o case_n it_o come_v under_o the_o propriety_n of_o some_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v open_a for_o such_o as_o have_v need_n of_o passage_n upon_o just_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n afterward_o also_o speak_v of_o the_o 8._o propriety_n of_o river_n after_o this_o example_n say_v he_o it_o seem_v that_o even_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n although_o it_o lie_v open_a either_o above_o as_o a_o creek_n or_o above_o and_o below_o too_o as_o a_o straight_a or_o narrow_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v seem_v to_o be_v any_o portion_n of_o they_o and_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o prince_n or_o people_n the_o same_o seem_v lawful_a also_o for_o two_o or_o three_o if_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n they_o plea_n to_o enter_v upon_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o for_o so_o rivers_z that_o flow_v between_o two_o nation_n have_v be_v enter_v upon_o by_o both_o and_o then_o divide_v he_o allege_v other_o thing_n also_o touch_v the_o right_n of_o primarie_a occupation_n by_o sea_n but_o so_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o conte_v himself_o within_o creek_n and_o strait_n 19_o he_o say_v that_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a right_n or_o reason_n but_o by_o custom_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o appropriate_v or_o that_o it_o can_v not_o lawful_o be_v enter_v upon_o by_o right_a of_o occupation_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v change_v if_o there_o be_v any_o in_o the_o ancient_a law_n that_o may_v hinder_v a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o reason_n of_o community_n must_v be_v change_v also_o but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v sufficient_o change_v appear_v abundant_o if_o i_o be_v not_o deceive_v out_o of_o what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o show_v you_o yea_o the_o very_a law_n as_o well_o municipal_a civil_a as_o intervenient_a of_o most_o nation_n make_v abundant_o to_o this_o purpose_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v moreover_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v want_v to_o weigh_v down_o the_o balance_n therefore_o beside_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n before_o allege_v out_o of_o france_n spain_n and_o italy_n for_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v this_o over_o and_o above_o be_v add_v which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n also_o discourse_v in_o general_a term_n about_o the_o sea_n i_o here_o give_v it_o you_o as_o it_o be_v compose_v by_o a_o lawyer_n none_o of_o the_o mean_a in_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n by_o name_n 97._o regenerus_fw-la sixtinus_n who_o be_v indeed_o against_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o matter_n in_o question_n say_v he_o concern_v the_o sea_n and_o its_o shore_n be_v whether_o as_o river_n that_o be_v navigable_a and_o by_o which_o other_o be_v make_v navigable_a they_o may_v be_v reckon_v inter_v regalia_z among_o the_o prince_n royalty_n for_o whatsoëver_o be_v repute_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z or_o royalty_n be_v as_o private_a or_o peculiar_a to_o prince_n as_o that_o be_v to_o subject_n which_o be_v their_o own_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v private_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n so_o also_o whether_o the_o sea_n itself_o and_o its_o shore_n be_v comprise_v within_o those_o regalia_z cacheranus_n decis_n 155._o n._n 81._o ferrarius_fw-la montanus_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 5._o c._n 7._o piscandi_fw-la reckon_n the_o regulation_n and_o the_o very_a dominion_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o regalia_z nor_o do_v he_o make_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o public_a river_n mynsingerus_n also_o resp._n 1_o nu_fw-la 162._o decad._n 11._o say_v that_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o part_n of_o those_o regalia_z but_o sixtinus_n himself_o discourse_v upon_o this_o matter_n just_a as_o they_o do_v that_o be_v more_o addict_v than_o they_o ought_v to_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o number_v up_o those_o autor_n that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n conclude_n thus_o but_o more_o true_a it_o be_v that_o a_o propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o shore_n be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o regalia_z but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o all_o those_o particular_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n and_o as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o civil_a as_o the_o common_a or_o intervenient_a law_n of_o most_o nation_n no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v question_v but_o that_o there_o remain_n not_o either_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o or_o in_o the_o law_n either_o
so_o it_o can_v all_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n yet_o because_o the_o nation_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v very_o large_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o own_o in_o both_o those_o sea_n even_o beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o british_a name_n therefore_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o touch_v a_o little_a upon_o these_o particular_n that_o the_o ancient_a britain_n do_v enjoy_v and_o possess_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n especial_o the_o southern_a and_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o as_o lord_n thereof_o together_o with_o the_o island_n before_o they_o be_v bring_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n chap._n ii_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o which_o a_o eminent_a man_n say_v 11._o that_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v enjoy_v by_o occupation_n not_o for_o this_o reason_n only_o because_o man_n have_v so_o enjoy_v the_o land_n nor_o be_v the_o act_n or_o intent_n of_o the_o mind_n sufficient_a thereto_o but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o some_o external_a act_n from_o whence_o this_o occupation_n may_v be_v understand_v therefore_o argument_n be_v not_o to_o be_v derive_v altogether_o from_o a_o bare_a occupation_n or_o dominion_n of_o country_n who_o shore_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o from_o such_o a_o private_a or_o peculiar_a use_n or_o enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o consist'_v in_o a_o set_n forth_o ship_n to_o sea_n either_o to_o defend_v or_o make_v good_a the_o dominion_n in_o prescribe_v rule_n of_o navigation_n to_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o it_o in_o receive_v such_o profit_n and_o commodity_n as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o every_o kind_n of_o sea_n dominion_n whatsoêver_o and_o which_o be_v the_o principal_a either_o in_o admit_v or_o exclude_v other_o at_o pleasure_n touch_v which_o particular_a we_o shall_v make_v diligent_a inquiry_n into_o those_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o isle_n of_o britain_n through_o the_o age_n past_a down_o to_o the_o present_a time_n it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n conclude_v that_o the_o most_o ancient_a history_n whereto_o any_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v about_o the_o affair's_n of_o britain_n be_v not_o elder_a than_o the_o time_n of_o caius_n julius_n caesar_n the_o age_n before_o he_o be_v too_o obscure_v with_o fable_n but_o at_o his_o come_n we_o find_v clear_a passage_n of_o the_o britain_n ownership_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o they_o especial_o of_o the_o south_n and_o east_n part_n of_o it_o as_o a_o perpetual_a appendant_a of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n for_o they_o not_o only_o use_v the_o sea_n as_o their_o own_o at_o that_o time_n for_o navigation_n and_o fish_n but_o also_o permit_v none_o beside_o merchant_n to_o sail_v unto_o the_o island_n without_o their_o leave_v nor_o any_o man_n at_o all_o to_o view_v or_o sound_v the_o port_n and_o sea-coast_n and_o that_o the_o case_n stand_v certain_o thus_o it_o be_v no_o slight_a argument_n which_o we_o shall_v insert_v here_o out_o of_o caesar_n himself_o but_o allowance_n must_v be_v give_v ever_o to_o argument_n and_o conjecture_n touch_v time_n so_o long_o since_o past_a and_o go_v especial_o when_o there_o be_v a_o concurrence_n in_o the_o custom_n and_o testimony_n of_o follow_a time_n and_o as_o thing_n be_v place_v at_o too_o remote_a a_o distance_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v certain_o discern_v by_o the_o eye_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v more_o sure_o discover_v by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o triangle_n at_o hand_n so_o what_o uncertainty_n soêver_o may_v be_v in_o those_o proof_n that_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o so_o remote_a antiquity_n i_o question_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v make_v sufficient_o manifest_a by_o the_o continue_a and_o more_o certain_a usage_n and_o custom_n of_o late_a time_n as_o shall_v be_v abundant_o make_v evident_a in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o britain_n particular_a use_n of_o navigation_n in_o that_o ancient_a time_n without_o which_o a_o occupation_n of_o this_o kind_n can_v be_v have_v notwithstanding_o that_o at_o caesar_n first_o arrival_n they_o be_v 5._o terrify_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o that_o unusual_a kind_n of_o long_a ship_n and_o though_o at_o his_o second_o come_v with_o a_o multitude_n of_o vessel_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v 1._o reinforce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o eight_o hundred_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o a_o thousand_o they_o flee_v in_o a_o great_a fright_n from_o the_o shore_n not_o be_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o such_o a_o sea-fight_n as_o be_v then_o at_o hand_n and_o which_o they_o have_v never_o be_v acquaint_v with_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o they_o have_v vessel_n of_o their_o own_o wherein_o they_o use_v to_o coast_n about_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o so_o enter_v upon_o it_o corporal_o by_o occupation_n mention_n be_v make_v indeed_o by_o writer_n of_o some_o of_o their_o vessel_n more_o notable_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o they_o frequent_o use_v be_v frame_v with_o twig_n as_o the_o fashion_n have_v be_v in_o the_o more_o ancient_a nation_n and_o cover_v with_o ox-hides_a after_o their_o usual_a manner_n moreover_o festus_n avienus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o oestrymnides_n or_o the_o island_n call_v the_o 6._o sillye_n with_o the_o rest_n lie_v about_o thus_o express_v himself_o maritimis_fw-la rei_fw-la ad_fw-la miraculum_fw-la navigia_fw-la junctis_fw-la semper_fw-la aptant_fw-la pellibus_fw-la corióque_fw-la vastum_fw-la saepe_fw-la percurrunt_fw-la salum_n it_o be_v strange_a there_o ship_n they_o frame_v with_o oxes-hide_a and_o scout_v in_o leather_n through_o the_o ocean_n wide_o and_o what_o he_o say_v of_o their_o continual_a care_n of_o traffic_n and_o custom_n of_o navigation_n concern_v other_o as_o well_o that_o be_v under_o the_o british_a government_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o these_o twig_n and_o leathern_a vessel_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v all_o of_o they_o unfit_a for_o make_v war_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n and_o of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n nor_o that_o they_o be_v less_o fit_a for_o long_a journey_n at_o that_o time_n see_v 16._o pliny_n write_v express_o that_o sometime_o they_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o space_n of_o six_o day_n in_o like_a manner_n we_o read_v in_o the_o british_a 1._o history_n that_o about_o caesar_n time_n lud_n king_n of_o britain_n seize_v upon_o many_o island_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o way_n of_o war_n which_o denote_n that_o he_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a strength_n at_o sea_n and_o a_o well_o accomplish_a navy_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o there_o be_v small_a vessel_n among_o these_o as_o they_o be_v not_o where_o without_o they_o which_o doubtless_o be_v unfit_a to_o bear_v the_o brunt_n of_o a_o fight_n or_o tempest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o caesar_n make_v to_o transport_v his_o soldier_n over_o the_o river_n when_o he_o be_v straighten_v by_o asranius_n his_o army_n as_o he_o have_v be_v teach_v they_o be_v his_o 25._o own_o word_n some_o year_n before_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o britain_n the_o keel_n and_o rib_n be_v first_o make_v of_o slight_a matter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o their_o vessel_n be_v wrought_v together_o with_o twig_n be_v cover_v with_o hides_n which_o we_o find_v mention_v also_o by_o lucan_n 4._o primùm_fw-la cana_fw-la salix_fw-la madâ—facto_fw-la vimine_fw-la parvam_fw-la texitur_fw-la in_o puppim_fw-la â—aesóque_fw-la inducta_fw-la juvenco_fw-la vectoris_fw-la patience_n tumidum_fw-la cireumnatat_fw-la amnem_fw-la sic_fw-la venetus_n stagnante_fw-la pado_n fusóque_fw-la britannus_n navigate_fw-la oceano_fw-la may._n of_o twig_n and_o willow_n board_n they_o make_v small_a boat_n cover_v with_o bullock_n hide_v in_o which_o they_o reach_v the_o river_n far_a side_n so_o sail_v the_o veneâ—â—_n if_o 〈◊〉_d flow_n the_o britain_n sail_n on_o their_o calm_a ocean_n so_o other_o there_o be_v also_o that_o write_v of_o these_o small_a vessel_n but_o they_o be_v not_o i_o suppose_v at_o least_o in_o that_o age_n to_o be_v call_v small_a ship_n which_o sail_v through_o the_o sea_n in_o six_o day_n space_n nor_o such_o as_o caesar_n make_v only_o to_o transport_v his_o soldier_n and_o convey_v they_o by_o cart_n above_o xxii_o mile_n according_a to_o his_o own_o relation_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v therefore_o but_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v vessel_n make_v even_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a matter_n big_a enough_o and_o very_o fit_a for_o service_n at_o sea_n moreover_o there_o will_v be_v very_o good_a ground_n to_o conceiv_v out_o of_o what_o we_o shall_v deliver_v by_o and_o by_o about_o the_o exclude_v of_o their_o neigbor_n from_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o build_v and_o set_v forth_o ship_n of_o war_n of_o a_o far_o more_o commodious_a and_o solid_a substance_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o
their_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n but_o their_o use_n of_o frequent_a fthe_n though_o 76._o some_o write_v that_o the_o more_o northerly_a britain_n do_v never_o eat_v fish_n may_v be_v collect_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o the_o better_a and_o more_o civil_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o embellish_v the_o hilt_n of_o their_o sword_n with_o tooth_n of_o the_o big_a fish_n so_o say_v solinus_n 25._o they_o which_o endeavour_n to_o be_v neat_a do_v burnish_v the_o hilt_n of_o their_o sword_n with_o the_o tooth_n of_o such_o great_a animal_n as_o swim_v in_o the_o sea_n because_o they_o be_v as_o white_a and_o clear_a as_o ivory_n for_o the_o man_n take_v a_o extraordinary_a pride_n in_o the_o brightness_n of_o their_o arms._n now_o i_o suppose_v that_o without_o a_o extraordinary_a abundance_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o animal_n which_o can_v not_o be_v catch_v without_o great_a pain_n and_o number_n of_o fisherman_n there_o can_v not_o have_v be_v matter_n enough_o of_o this_o kind_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o trime_a of_o a_o most_o warlike_a nation_n wherein_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o mother_n of_o every_o manchild_n to_o put_v the_o first_o food_n that_o he_o receive_v into_o his_o mouth_n upon_o the_o point_n of_o its_o father_n sword_n in_o token_n of_o a_o warlike_a disposition_n and_o the_o mother_n usual_a blessing_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o their_o son_n may_v die_v no_o other_o death_n then_o in_o war_n and_o arms._n i_o know_v these_o word_n of_o solinus_n be_v common_o take_v by_o writer_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v speak_v only_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ireland_n wherein_o if_o i_o understand_v any_o thing_n they_o be_v plain_o mistake_v the_o word_n of_o solinus_n in_o his_o chapter_n concern_v britain_n be_v these_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o french_a shore_n have_v be_v the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o world_n do_v not_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n deserv_v the_o name_n almost_o of_o another_o world_n for_o it_o be_v stretch_v above_o 800_o mile_n in_o length_n if_o so_o be_v we_o measure_v it_o as_o far_o as_o the_o utmost_a point_n in_o the_o north_n of_o scotland_n where_o ulysses_n once_o arrive_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o altar_n there_o with_o a_o inscription_n upon_o it_o in_o greek_a letter_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o many_o considerable_a island_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v next_o to_o it_o in_o bigness_n it_o be_v a_o barbarous_a country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rude_a behaviour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n otherwise_o of_o so_o rank_a a_o pasturage_n that_o unless_o cattle_n be_v sometime_o drive_v from_o the_o pasture_n they_o run_v a_o hazard_n by_o too_o much_o feed_v there_o be_v no_o serpent_n to_o be_v find_v and_o but_o few_o bird_n the_o people_n be_v inhospitable_a and_o warlike_a and_o after_o a_o victory_n they_o first_o take_v a_o draught_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o slay_v and_o then_o besmear_v their_o â—…s_n right_o or_o wrong_n be_v all_o one_o to_o they_o a_o woman_n wâ—â—n_o she_o bring_v we_o forth_o a_o male_a put_v his_o its_o first_o food_n upon_o her_o â—…nds_n sword_n and_o steal_v it_o into_o the_o little_a one_o mouth_n 〈…〉_o the_o very_a point_n she_o pronounce_v her_o blessing_n according_a 〈…〉_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n with_o this_o wish_n that_o he_o may_v die_v no_o other_o death_n but_o in_o war_n and_o arms._n they_o that_o endeavour_v 〈…〉_o be_v neat_a do_v burnish_v the_o hilt_n of_o their_o sword_n &_o cetera_fw-la 〈◊〉_d it_o follow_v above_o he_o treat'_v next_o of_o some_o â—…nds_n that_o lie_v about_o it_o as_o thanet_n the_o hebrides_n â—…es_n and_o thule_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v their_o manner_n he_o conclude_n that_o britain_n be_v inhabit_v in_o â—…t_n by_o barbarous_a people_n who_o from_o their_o childhood_n by_o artificial_a stripe_n of_o divers_a form_n imprint_v the_o likeness_n of_o several_a live_a creature_n up_o and_o down_o their_o body_n as_o be_v sufficient_o know_v out_o of_o caesar_n and_o other_o writer_n but_o now_o if_o those_o word_n which_o follow_v that_o brief_a description_n wherein_o the_o first_o mention_n of_o ireland_n be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o irish_a not_o of_o the_o people_n of_o great_a britain_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v there_o that_o solinus_n forget_v what_o he_o have_v propose_v in_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o his_o discourse_n pass_v immediate_o from_o great_a britain_n unto_o ireland_n and_o the_o neighbour_a isle_n and_o that_o he_o make_v not_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n beside_o the_o stripe_a of_o their_o skin_n with_o divers_a shape_n and_o this_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o chapter_n which_o i_o can_v not_o in_o any_o case_n believ_n nor_o be_v it_o agreeable_a to_o the_o scope_n of_o his_o discourse_n that_o ireland_n shall_v be_v mean_v in_o this_o place_n as_o well_o as_o great_a britain_n for_o of_o britain_n he_o say_v it_o be_v encompass_v with_o many_o considerable_a island_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v next_o to_o it_o in_o bigness_n it_o be_v a_o barbarous_a country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rude_a behaviour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n etc._n etc._n then_o this_o more_o large_a description_n of_o its_o manner_n and_o custom_n which_o immediate_o follow_v be_v no_o otherwise_o join_v to_o the_o mention_n of_o ireland_n in_o the_o edition_n of_o delrio_n and_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o we_o have_v follow_v in_o the_o place_n before-alleged_n and_o who_o see_v not_o that_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o description_n and_o so_o what_o follow_v we_o aught_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n to_o be_v refer_v thus_o to_o britain_n concern_v which_o his_o purpose_n be_v to_o treat_v then_o to_o ireland_n who_o name_n be_v insert_v only_o by_o the_o way_n nor_o do_v that_o hinder_a at_o all_o which_o we_o read_v there_o about_o serpent_n i_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v most_o true_a indeed_o if_o speak_v of_o ireland_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o venomous_a creature_n and_o fall_v if_o of_o britain_n but_o yet_o even_a this_o also_o have_v be_v believe_v of_o our_o country_n of_o britain_n and_o that_o in_o the_o clear_a light_n of_o learning_n in_o time_n past_a as_o appear_v not_o only_o by_o the_o book_n of_o cardan_n de_fw-fr subtilitate_fw-la wherein_o he_o 10._o deni_v that_o britain_n entertain_n any_o such_o creature_n but_o also_o out_o of_o sealiger_n 200._o exercitation_n upon_o he_o who_o in_o like_a manner_n affirm_n this_o and_o spend_v his_o discourse_n to_o no_o purpose_n to_o find_v out_o the_o reason_n why_o britain_n have_v not_o any_o venomous_a creature_n which_o be_v strange_a indeed_o since_o he_o write_v so_o eager_o against_o the_o other_o yea_o and_o both_o of_o they_o be_v very_o famous_a man_n and_o most_o expert_a naturalist_n live_v some_o time_n in_o britain_n but_o error_n of_o this_o kind_n as_o we_o see_v also_o in_o solinus_n concern_v bird_n and_o bee_n be_v not_o unusual_a among_o writer_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a course_n for_o a_o roman_a writer_n to_o attribute_v extreme_a barbarism_n as_o solinus_n do_v in_o this_o place_n to_o such_o foreign_a nation_n as_o be_v not_o in_o amity_n with_o the_o roman_n now_o as_o to_o this_o passage_n which_o be_v find_v in_o some_o edition_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o many_o considerable_a island_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v next_o to_o it_o in_o bigness_n a_o cottonianâ_fw-la barbarous_a country_n because_o of_o the_o rude_a behaviour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n etc._n etc._n as_o if_o the_o follow_a word_n do_v by_o a_o continue_a sens_fw-fr and_o order_n relate_v unto_o ireland_n it_o be_v indeed_o contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o some_o ancient_a copy_n and_o the_o most_o approve_a edition_n arise_v i_o think_v upon_o this_o ground_n because_o it_o be_v false_o suppose_v by_o the_o vulgar_a that_o ireland_n alone_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o some_o follow_a line_n notwithstanding_o even_o so_o also_o those_o word_n which_o follow_v the_o word_n bigness_n may_v as_o well_o and_o aught_o to_o refer_v unto_o britain_n not_o unto_o ireland_n moreover_o also_o tacitus_n say_v express_o of_o the_o irish_a of_o that_o age_n agricolae_fw-la the_o man_n in_o their_o disposition_n and_o habit_n do_v not_o differ_v much_o from_o britain_n but_o now_o that_o we_o may_v return_v unto_o that_o trim_n which_o be_v make_v of_o fish_n tooth_n auxiliary_n be_v wont_v as_o caesar_n say_v to_o be_v supply_v out_o of_o britain_n in_o almost_o all_o those_o war_n that_o the_o gaul_n maintain_v against_o the_o roman_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v say_v either_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o abject_a savage_a people_n yea_o and_o a_o dull_a slothful_a generation_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v most_o false_o or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o
progress_n i_o may_v make_v during_o thy_o reign_n some_o late_a example_n tell_v we_o since_o the_o main_n the_o saxon_a be_v tame_v be_v grow_v more_o sure_a and_o britain_n from_o the_o conquer_a pict_n secure_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o this_o place_n plain_o conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o the_o island_n the_o same_o poet_n also_o to_o manlius_n theodorus_n the_o consul_n say_v hispana_n tibi_fw-la germanáque_fw-la tethys_n paruit_fw-la &_o nostro_fw-la diducta_fw-la britannia_fw-la mundo_fw-la spanish_a and_o german_a sea_n both_o yield_v to_o thou_o and_o britain_n sever_v from_o our_o world_n by_o sea_n there_o be_v the_o same_o dominion_n the_o same_o victory_n and_o the_o same_o guardianship_n or_o protection_n always_o both_o of_o the_o british_a tethys_n or_o sea_n and_o the_o isle_n itself_o for_o the_o german_a tethys_n in_o this_o place_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o flow'_v between_o belgium_n holland_n friesland_n the_o jutae_n and_o britain_n a_o little_a before_o there_o he_o set_z forth_o the_o hair_n of_o spain_n with_o leau_n of_o the_o palmtree_n and_o her_o mantle_n embroider_a with_o the_o river_n tagus_n and_o africa_n with_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o ivory_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v in_o the_o coin_n of_o antoninus_n pius_n both_o these_o be_v wash_v and_o almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o poet_n then_o understand_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n belong_v to_o neither_o of_o they_o as_o it_o do_v to_o britain_n but_o as_o the_o palm_n and_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v peculiar_a to_o spain_n as_o the_o ear_n of_o corn_n and_o ivory_n to_o africa_n so_o he_o will_v have_v it_o understand_v that_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n have_v the_o sea_n of_o the_o same_o name_n peculiar_a thereunto_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o limit_v in_o this_o sea_n according_a to_o their_o possession_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o they_o have_v little_a power_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o british_a nation_n who_o be_v not_o under_o their_o obedience_n this_o be_v to_o be_v take_v chief_o of_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o rest_n that_o lie_v northwest_o for_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v not_o only_a ireland_n but_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n also_o and_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o western_a sea_n and_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o britain_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n so_o that_o we_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o conceiv_v that_o they_o also_o have_v a_o ancient_a dominion_n of_o their_o own_o in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o so_o let_v this_o serve_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o empire_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o that_o which_o by_o ancient_a right_n no_o less_o belong_v to_o the_o isle_n and_o the_o empire_n thereof_o then_o either_o a_o wall_n or_o suburb_n unto_o a_o city_n now_o we_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o time_n of_o their_o successor_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n after_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v free_v themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a power_n chap._n ix_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v decline_v under_o the_o emperor_n theoâ—osâ—us_o the_o young_a and_o honorius_n and_o valentinian_n the_o three_o insomuch_o that_o they_o have_v not_o force_n sufficient_a to_o guard_v the_o city_n itself_o than_o the_o britain_n free_v themselves_o whole_o from_o their_o power_n about_o cccclxxx_n year_n after_o the_o arrival_n of_o julius_n caesar_n or_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n ccccxxx_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o 6._o zosimus_n write_v they_o cast_v off_o the_o roman_a government_n and_o settle_v a_o common_a weal_n after_o their_o own_o like_n then_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n which_o be_v possess_v before_o by_o the_o roman_n return_v unto_o the_o native_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o saxon_n inhabit_v the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o hankered_a after_o it_o who_o be_v a_o people_n extreme_o give_v to_o piracie_n the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o appoint_v a_o officer_n to_o drive_v they_o away_o call_v the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n throughout_o britain_n as_o have_v be_v show_v at_o large_a already_o nevertheless_o be_v send_v for_o by_o the_o southern_a britain_n destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o succour_n from_o the_o roman_n to_o assist_v they_o against_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n they_o at_o length_n get_v the_o whole_a power_n here_o into_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o in_o that_o famous_a heptarchy_n of_o they_o the_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o account_v of_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o even_o before_o the_o time_n of_o king_n egbert_n it_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o some_o one_o king_n which_o all_o the_o rest_n acknowledge_v as_o supreme_a these_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o dane_n but_o questionless_a they_o both_o have_v a_o dominion_n by_o sea_n conjoin_v with_o that_o upon_o land_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o they_o who_o be_v so_o accustom_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o who_o before_o that_o time_n 7._o pelle_fw-la salum_fw-la sulcare_fw-la britannum_fw-la ludus_fw-la &_o assuto_fw-la glaucum_fw-la mare_fw-la findere_fw-la lembo_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sport_n to_o cut_v the_o british_a main_n in_o leathern_a bark_n and_o plough_v the_o azure_a plain_n and_o who_o rower_n or_o mariner_n have_v you_o behold_v you_o will_v have_v think_v you_o have_v see_v so_o many_o arch-pirat_n as_o 6._o sidonius_n apoâ—tinaris_n say_v of_o the_o saxon_n and_o who_o do_v not_o only_o know_v but_o be_v familiar_o acquaint_v with_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o very_a same_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o dane_n also_o and_o norman_n for_o these_o name_n be_v promiscuous_o use_v do_v very_o often_o signify_v the_o same_o nation_n as_o be_v sufficient_o attest_v by_o regino_n dudo_n the_o monk_n of_o malmsburie_n abbo_n gemiticensis_n and_o other_o it_o be_v not_o i_o say_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o these_o people_n have_v get_v possession_n either_o of_o the_o isle_n or_o shore_n to_o which_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v so_o near_o appertein_a shall_v not_o in_o like_a manner_n have_v possess_v the_o sea_n also_o lie_v before_o it_o by_o right_a of_o dominion_n nor_o be_v it_o perhaps_o altogether_o unworthy_a to_o be_v consider_v that_o these_o saxon_n have_v so_o great_a so_o singular_a and_o admirable_a a_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o sea-affair_n that_o by_o a_o exquisite_a observation_n of_o the_o tide_n and_o malinâ—s_n ebb_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o reckon_v their_o month_n and_o year_n yea_o and_o to_o frame_v computation_n of_o year_n thereby_o a_o thing_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v by_o any_o example_n and_o as_o the_o more_o ancient_a husbandman_n use_v to_o reckon_v day_n and_o hour_n by_o the_o time_n of_o yoke_a their_o ox_n and_o as_o most_o other_o nation_n measure_v year_n and_o day_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n as_o thing_n most_o to_o be_v regard_v before_o other_o in_o the_o improvement_n and_o various_a use_n of_o those_o land_n that_o they_o possess_v so_o these_o alone_o distinguish_v their_o yearly_a and_o monthly_a period_n by_o the_o mere_a reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o and_o by_o its_o various_a beat_n upon_o the_o shore_n in_o ebb_a and_o flow_v as_o that_o whereof_o special_a notice_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o that_o kind_n of_o life_n moreover_o as_o they_o say_v the_o egyptian_n derive_v their_o skill_n in_o geometry_n from_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o field_n after_o the_o inundation_n of_o their_o river_n nilus_n so_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o our_o saxon_n derive_v this_o strange_a artifice_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o country_n from_o a_o very_a frequent_a use_n and_o perpetual_a observation_n of_o the_o sea_n concern_v which_o he_o that_o will_v know_v more_o may_v peruse_v our_o venerable_a 28._o bede_n first_o and_o after_o he_o 1581._o joseph_n scaliger_n 70._o dionysius_n petavius_n and_o olaus_n 11._o wormius_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v very_o much_o accustom_v to_o sea-affair_n and_o not_o only_o those_o that_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o thence_o that_o otherwise_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o nation_n itself_o can_v have_v keep_v a_o account_n of_o time_n and_o season_n by_o the_o various_a course_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v but_o that_o
worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o this_o kind_n of_o letter_n be_v usual_o superscribe_v and_o direct_v by_o our_o king_n to_o their_o governor_n of_o the_o sea_n admiral_n vice-admirals_n sea-captain_n to_o wit_n the_o commander_n appoint_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o territory_n by_o sea_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o any_o such_o commander_n in_o those_o passport_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v grant_v heretofore_o by_o the_o french_a king_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n when_o he_o be_v to_o cross_v over_o into_o france_n letter_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v give_v to_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o by_o king_n philip_n the_o long_a superscribe_v only_o thus_o dorso_fw-la phelip_n par_fw-fr la_fw-fr grace_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n a_o touz_v noz_n justicier_n &_o subgy_n salut_v philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o our_o judge_n and_o subject_n greeting_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a why_o the_o k._n of_o england_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v his_o letter_n to_o his_o commander_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o french_a king_n at_o that_o time_n only_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o subject_n in_o general_a to_o wit_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v his_o sea-commander_n throughout_o this_o whole_a sea_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o cross_v over_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o the_o french_a k._n shall_v secure_v he_o by_o sea_n it_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o english_a territory_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o france_n may_v perhaps_o have_v a_o admiral_n at_o that_o time_n but_o only_o upon_o the_o shore_n of_o normandy_n and_o picardy_n for_o that_o of_o aquitain_n bretaign_n and_o narbonne_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o add_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v about_o that_o time_n or_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o be_v place_v who_o be_v first_o rank_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n but_o of_o late_a time_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o in_o those_o passport_n or_o letter_n of_o safe_a conduct_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o the_o sauf-conduit_n french_a king_n and_o other_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n admiral_n be_v usual_o name_v in_o express_a term_n among_o the_o other_o kind_n of_o royal_a officer_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o to_o who_o the_o passport_n be_v grant_v may_v be_v secure_v in_o every_o place_n and_o part_n of_o their_o dominion_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o english_a command_n over_o such_o as_o pass_v or_o sail_v through_o their_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o argument_n take_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o and_o by_o from_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o king_n be_v prescribe_v limit_n to_o such_o as_o sail_v in_o this_o sea_n as_o also_o from_o those_o passage_n which_o we_o have_v book_n already_o cite_v out_o of_o record_n concern_v the_o tribute_n or_o custom_n impose_v by_o the_o english_a upon_o such_o as_o pass_v through_o the_o sea_n and_o true_o it_o be_v very_o considerable_a also_o that_o the_o king_n both_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n together_o with_o the_o hans-town_n very_o often_o and_o earnest_o beg_v of_o queen_n elisabeth_n that_o they_o may_v have_v free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n with_o provision_n towards_o spain_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o spaniard_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o such_o a_o licence_n be_v deny_v they_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o chief_o to_o prevent_v the_o convey_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o divers_a ship_n belong_v to_o the_o hans-town_n lade_v with_o corn_n be_v edita_fw-la take_v by_o english_a man_n of_o war_n in_o the_o very_a strait_n of_o lisbon_n without_o the_o sea-territorie_n of_o england_n which_o go_v by_o the_o 95._o scotish_n sea_n and_o the_o west_n towards_o portugal_n which_o be_v do_v doubtless_o that_o they_o may_v not_o presume_v to_o use_v the_o english_a sea_n without_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o queen_n but_o the_o hans-town_n cry_v out_o thereupon_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commerce_n and_o league_n be_v violate_v because_o their_o ship_n be_v so_o take_v by_o the_o english_a only_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o they_o carry_v provision_n to_o the_o enemy_n that_o be_v in_o a_o territory_n where_o the_o english_a do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o any_o dominion_n and_o concern_v this_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n controvert_v by_o very_o 5._o learned_a man_n how_o far_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o will_v not_o be_v call_v enemy_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n afford_v supply_n unto_o a_o enemy_n but_o some_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o these_o ship_n when_o the_o hamburger_n who_o in_o the_o name_n also_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hans-town_n desire_v leave_v to_o pass_v through_o this_o sea_n to_o portugal_n and_o spain_n be_v more_o than_o once_o deny_v any_o kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o transport_v either_o corn_n or_o warlike_a necessary_n they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o suggest_v that_o their_o petition_n at_o that_o time_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o commerce_n nor_o that_o the_o queen_n denial_n be_v contrary_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v by_o her_o first_o 1589._o answer_n enjoin_v to_o abstain_v from_o transport_v arm_n with_o other_o warlike_a necessary_n and_o corn_n but_o say_v the_o queen_n in_o transport_v other_o commodity_n we_o shall_v not_o hinder_v you_o at_o all_o but_o shall_v with_o all_o favour_n permit_v the_o ship_n of_o your_o subject_n to_o abide_v and_o pass_v after_o the_o accustom_a manner_n that_o they_o may_v perform_v their_o voyage_n this_o answer_n they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o take_v amiss_o but_o two_o year_n after_o they_o send_v into_o england_n sebastian_n à _fw-fr berghen_n their_o ambassador_n with_o petitionary_a letter_n desire_v that_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o licence_n former_o grant_v may_v be_v take_v away_o and_o a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v all_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n permit_v their_o petition_n be_v deny_v again_o and_o this_o moreover_o add_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v presume_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a shall_v for_o their_o bold_a presumption_n suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o carry_v against_o her_o majesty_n be_v will_v and_o pleasure_n if_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o her_o man_n of_o war_n or_o any_o other_o of_o her_o majesty_n be_v subject_n thus_o they_o ever_o address_v themselves_o by_o petition_n and_o the_o queen_n give_v answer_n according_a to_o her_o pleasure_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o of_o commerce_n before_o that_o they_o understand_v their_o ship_n be_v seize_v in_o another_o sea_n to_o wit_n that_o of_o portugal_n which_o they_o conceive_v free_a for_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o commerce_n without_o leave_v from_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n then_o it_o be_v they_o begin_v to_o plead_v that_o liberty_n ought_v not_o by_o any_o law_n to_o be_v deny_v even_o these_o man_n who_o but_o some_o year_n before_o have_v humble_o petition_v the_o queen_n of_o england_n more_o than_o once_o for_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o english_a sea_n so_o that_o that_o principal_a point_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o relief_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v to_o enemy_n by_o a_o friend_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ground_n either_o of_o the_o hans-town's_a petition_n or_o the_o queen_n denial_n but_o her_o right_a of_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v concern_v also_o which_o the_o hans-town_n well_o know_v they_o shall_v violate_v if_o they_o shall_v pass_v the_o queen_n sea_n without_o she_o leave_v hereunto_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n those_o particular_n relate_v which_o we_o find_v concern_v this_o matter_n in_o those_o point_n that_o be_v to_o be_v insist_v on_o in_o the_o year_n mdxcvii_o by_o witfeldius_n and_o bernicovius_n ambassador_n from_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n library_n we_o be_v say_v they_o strict_o enjoin_v by_o our_o king_n to_o mediate_v with_o her_o majesty_n that_o our_o country_n man_n may_v be_v permit_v a_o freedom_n to_o transport_v corn_n or_o provision_n towards_o spain_n even_o as_o we_o have_v do_v former_o and_o do_v now_o again_o with_o all_o earnestness_n desire_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o same_o licence_n of_o transport_v corn_n be_v grant_v sometime_o both_o to_o english_a and_o dutch_a that_o our_o countryman_n may_v not_o be_v use_v in_o a_o worse_a manner_n than_o your_o own_o
place_n herring_n be_v every_o day_n meat_n winter_n and_o summer_n as_o well_o to_o draw_v on_o drink_n as_o to_o satisfy_v hunger_n and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n they_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v have_v for_o present_o after_o michaëlmas_n the_o sound_n and_o rivers_n be_v freeze_v up_o so_o as_o no_o herring_n can_v be_v transport_v into_o twenty_o several_a kingdom_n and_o free_a state_n until_o july_n which_o be_v for_o thirty_o week_n space_n together_o so_o that_o when_o lent_n come_v there_o be_v few_o to_o be_v buy_v for_o money_n last_o since_o by_o care_n and_o industry_n we_o gain_v from_o the_o fleming_n doubtless_o so_o by_o the_o mean_v we_o may_v as_o easy_o grow_v expert_a in_o the_o art_n of_o fish_v and_o in_o time_n make_v it_o a_o staple_n commodity_n of_o our_o own_o but_o this_o we_o shall_v the_o better_o and_o soon_o do_v if_o we_o consider_v and_o endeavour_v to_o reform_v certain_a want_n and_o abuse_n which_o hitherto_o have_v hinder_v we_o from_o effect_v that_o good_a and_o great_a work_n whereof_o these_o that_o follow_v be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o 1._o general_n liberty_n of_o eat_a flesh_n contrary_n to_o old_a custom_n and_o the_o statute-law_n provide_v for_o observe_v fish-day_n from_o whence_o our_o scarcity_n and_o dearth_n of_o fish_n proceed_v for_o where_o flesh_n be_v ordinary_o spend_v fish_n will_v not_o be_v buy_v and_o want_v of_o sale_n decay_v all_o trade_n gain_v be_v the_o nurse_n of_o industry_n 2._o want_v of_o order_n and_o discretion_n in_o our_o fish_n every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o himself_o and_o permit_v to_o fish_n as_o best_o like_v he_o whereas_o among_o the_o hollander_n two_o of_o the_o best_a experience_a fisherman_n be_v appoint_v to_o guide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o fleet_n all_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v they_o and_o to_o cast_v their_o line_n according_a to_o their_o direction_n 3._o the_o hollander_n and_o other_o nation_n set_v forth_o with_o their_o buss_n in_o june_n to_o find_v the_o shoal_n of_o fish_n and_o have_v find_v it_o dwell_v among_o it_o till_o november_n whereas_o we_o stay_v till_o the_o herring_n come_v home_o to_o our_o rode-stead_n and_o sometime_o suffer_v they_o to_o pass_v by_o ere_o we_o look_v out_o our_o herring-fishing_a contain_v only_o seven_o week_n at_o the_o most_o and_o there_o be_v twenty_o 4._o the_o hollander_n buss_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a and_o able_a to_o brook_v foul_a weather_n whereas_o our_o cobles_n crayer_n and_o boat_n be_v small_a and_o thin_a side_v be_v easy_o swallow_v by_o a_o rough_a sea_n not_o dare_v to_o adventure_v far_o in_o fair_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n for_o fear_n of_o storm_n 5._o the_o hollander_n be_v industrious_a and_o no_o soon_o be_v discharge_v of_o their_o lade_n but_o present_o put_v forth_o for_o more_o and_o seek_v for_o market_n abroad_o as_o well_o as_o at_o home_n whereas_o our_o english_a after_o they_o have_v be_v once_o at_o sea_n do_v common_o never_o return_v again_o until_o all_o the_o money_n take_v for_o their_o fish_n be_v spend_v and_o they_o in_o debt_n seek_v only_o to_o serve_v the_o next_o market_n 6._o the_o hollander_n have_v certain_a merchant_n who_o during_o the_o herring-season_n do_v only_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o buss_n arrive_v and_o join_v together_o in_o several_a company_n do_v present_o agree_v for_o the_o lade_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o buss_n at_o once_o and_o so_o be_v discharge_v they_o may_v speedy_o return_v to_o their_o former_a ship_n whereas_o our_o fisherman_n be_v uncertain_a of_o their_o chapman_n and_o force_v to_o spend_v much_o time_n in_o put_v off_o their_o fish_n by_o parcel_n these_o and_o other_o defect_n will_v careful_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n and_o certain_a order_n make_v to_o make_v our_o fish_n prosperous_a and_o successful_a especial_o consider_v the_o fearful_a mischief_n the_o neglect_n hereof_o have_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n in_o general_n and_o to_o many_o good_a town_n and_o corporation_n in_o particular_a as_o by_o authority_n even_o of_o parliament_n itself_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o hen._n the_o eight_o be_v plain_o testify_v which_o i_o have_v summary_o here_o set_v down_o to_o avoid_v the_o prolixity_n of_o the_o original_n because_o the_o english_a fisherman_n dwell_v on_o the_o seacoast_n do_v leave_v off_o their_o trade_n of_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n and_o go_v the_o half-sea_n over_o and_o there_o upon_o the_o sea_n do_v buy_v fish_n of_o pickard_n fleming_n norman_n and_o zelander_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o incommodity_n do_v grow_v to_o the_o realm_n viz._n the_o decay_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o prosperity_n as_o well_o of_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o member_n of_o the_o same_o as_o of_o other_o coast-town_n by_o the_o seaside_n which_o be_v build_v and_o inhabit_v by_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o use_v and_o exercise_v the_o craft_n and_o feat_n of_o fish_v second_o the_o decay_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n and_o ship_n and_o three_o the_o decay_n of_o many_o good_a mariner_n both_o able_a in_o body_n by_o their_o diligence_n labour_n and_o continual_a exercise_n of_o fish_v and_o expert_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o seacoast_n as_o well_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o in_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v therefore_o enact_v that_o no_o manner_n of_o person_n english_a denizen_n or_o stranger_n at_o that_o time_n or_o any_o time_n after_o dwell_v in_o england_n shall_v buy_v any_o fish_n of_o any_o stranger_n in_o the_o say_a port_n of_o flanders_n zealand_n picardy_n france_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n between_o shore_n and_o shore_n etc._n etc._n this_o act_n by_o many_o continuance_n be_v continue_v from_o parliament_n to_o parliament_n until_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n marie_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o then_o expire_v for_o conclusion_n see_v by_o that_o which_o have_v former_o be_v declare_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o immemorable_a prescription_n continual_a usage_n and_o possession_n the_o acknowledgement_n of_o all_o our_o neighbor-state_n and_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v ever_o hold_v the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o that_o unto_o his_o majesty_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o sovereignty_n the_o supreme_a command_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o passage_n and_o fish_v in_o the_o same_o rightful_o appertain_v consider_v also_o the_o natural_a site_n of_o those_o our_o sea_n that_o interpose_v themselves_o between_o the_o great_a northern_a commerce_n of_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o that_o of_o the_o east_n west_n and_o southern_a climate_n and_o withal_o the_o infinite_a commodity_n that_o by_o fish_v in_o the_o same_o be_v daily_o make_v it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o his_o majesty_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o own_o excellent_a wisdom_n and_o virtue_n and_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o his_o faithful_a subject_n and_o people_n may_v easy_o without_o injustice_n to_o any_o prince_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v make_v the_o great_a monarch_n for_o command_n and_o wealth_n and_o his_o people_n the_o most_o opulent_a and_o flourish_a nation_n of_o any_o other_o in_o the_o world_n and_o this_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v now_o absolute_a commander_n of_o the_o british_a isle_n and_o have_v also_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o western_a indies_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o extent_n of_o empire_n cross_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a ocean_n the_o trade_n and_o person_n of_o all_o nation_n remove_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o other_o must_v of_o necessity_n first_o or_o last_o come_v within_o compass_n of_o his_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o therefore_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o our_o sea_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a jewel_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v crown_n and_o next_o under_o god_n the_o principal_a mean_n of_o our_o wealth_n and_o safety_n all_o true_a english_a heart_n and_o hand_n be_v bind_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n and_o diligence_n to_o preserv_v and_o maintain_v the_o same_o even_o with_o the_o uttermost_a hazard_n of_o their_o life_n their_o good_n and_o fortune_n thus_o you_o see_v what_o wondrous_a advantage_n may_v redound_v to_o the_o felicity_n and_o glory_n of_o this_o nation_n if_o god_n give_v heart_n and_o resolution_n to_o vindicate_v those_o right_n which_o be_v now_o most_o impious_o and_o injurious_o invade_v and_o so_o much_o for_o what_o concern_v england_n now_o that_o i_o may_v reflect_v a_o little_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o sea-dominion_n in_o general_n to_o show_v how_o far_o it_o have_v be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o
against_o those_o pirate_n as_o enemy_n of_o humane_a society_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v commission_n daily_o grant_v against_o pirate_n that_o rob_v and_o spoil_v in_o any_o sea_n not_o yet_o possess_v but_o that_o very_a sea-territorie_n which_o the_o cilician_o have_v invade_v be_v recover_v by_o arms._n from_o whence_o 4._o manilius_n break_v his_o forth_o in_o a_o poetical_a rapture_n quis_fw-la te_fw-la niliaco_n peritarum_fw-la littore_fw-la magne_n post_fw-la victas_fw-la mithridatis_n open_v pelagúsque_fw-la receptum_fw-la crederet_fw-la who_o will_v have_v think_v great_a pompey_n when_o for_o rome_n thou_o mithridates_n force_n have_v o'recom_v and_o do_v from_o pirate_n hand_n the_o sea_n restore_v thou_o shall_v have_v perish'ton_a the_o egyptian_a shore_n therefore_o lactantius_n ought_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v resemble_v neptune_n to_o pompey_n as_o to_z the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n there_o be_v in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o god_n may_v seem_v to_o show_v what_o opinion_n the_o ancient_n be_v of_o touch_v the_o right_a and_o custom_n of_o man_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o when_o they_o clothe_v their_o god_n with_o the_o person_n of_o man_n they_o common_o speak_v such_o thing_n of_o they_o as_o belong_v unto_o man_n from_o whence_o hâ—siod_n say_v jupiter_n grant_v unto_o hecate_n that_o she_o shall_v possess_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o of_o oppianus_n concern_v 1._o amphitrite_n be_v make_v queen_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o neptune_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o constitute_v her_o queen_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o nonnus_n 34._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d beroë_n have_v the_o empire_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n instance_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o therefore_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o fabulous_a time_n the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a chap._n ix_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o historical_a time_n or_o that_o which_o comprehend'_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o expire_v some_o age_n since_o we_o begin_v from_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o cretan_n at_o sea_n afterward_o we_o trace_v a_o catalogue_n not_o only_o of_o very_o many_o people_n of_o old_a greece_n and_o other_o nation_n famous_a heretofore_o in_o the_o east_n of_o like_a command_n and_o dominion_n in_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphilian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o several_a change_n thereof_o but_o also_o we_o show_v that_o the_o dominion_n both_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n in_o their_o adjoin_a sea_n as_o the_o upper_a the_o low_a the_o more_o easterly_a sea_n also_o and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o west_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o custom_n as_o a_o thing_n very_o usual_a and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n i._o minos_n the_o son_n of_o lycastus_n say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n king_n of_o candia_n crete_n possess_v the_o cretan_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o levant_n aegean_a as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n so_o say_v thucydides_n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d minos_n hold_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o greek_a sea_n as_o lord_n thereof_o so_o true_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o be_v construe_v both_o here_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a instance_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o to_o have_v command_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o signifie'_v can_v be_v otherwise_o mean_v than_o very_o plain_o thus_o that_o any_o one_o who_o be_v lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v act_n as_o deputy_n or_o by_o permission_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n may_v prescribe_v rule_n and_o law_n to_o the_o number_n of_o other_o man_n ship_n and_o passage_n toll_v or_o tribute_n throughout_o the_o several_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o he_o withold_n or_o permit_n the_o use_n of_o his_o land_n to_o husbandman_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v all_o one_o howsoêver_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o signifie'_v only_o 209._o to_o be_v strong_a and_o powerful_a in_o ship_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o diodorus_n siculus_n 42._o nicolaus_n damascenus_n 10._o strabo_n 11._o cedrenus_n minoe_n suidas_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o and_o phaedra_n likewise_o in_o seneca_n 1._o o_o magna_fw-la vasti_fw-la creta_n dominatrix_fw-la freti_fw-la cujus_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la littus_fw-la innumerae_fw-la rate_n tenuere_fw-la pontum_fw-la quicquid_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la tenus_fw-la tellure_n nereus_n pervium_fw-la rostris_fw-la secat_fw-la o_o mighty_a crect_n thou_o mistress_n of_o the_o main_a 765._o who_o many_o ship_n have_v fill_v both_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o far_o as_o nereus_n do_v to_o ashur_n land_n plough_v out_o a_o passage_n with_o his_o stemm_n and_o oar_n and_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v the_o first_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o possess_v but_o remain_v vacant_a from_o whence_o this_o kind_n of_o dominion_n do_v arise_v they_o attribute_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unto_o minos_n but_o there_o be_v a_o error_n touch_v this_o matter_n in_o jerom_n traslation_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o unless_o we_o will_v careless_o neglect_v that_o which_o in_o plain_a term_n may_v seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o most_o eminent_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o grecian_n the_o translation_n run_v thus_o minos_n mare_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la &_o cretensibus_fw-la leges_fw-la dedit_fw-la ut_fw-la paradius_fw-la memorat_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la minos_n possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n as_o paradius_fw-la record_v which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o what_o then_o do_v plato_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v false_o that_o minos_n give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n and_o hold_v the_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o either_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o place_n be_v plain_o fall_v and_o very_a much_o corrupt_v both_o in_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o paradius_fw-la a_o author_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o place_n as_o also_o in_o the_o very_a translation_n of_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n paradius_fw-la i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o negligence_n for_o i_o will_v not_o believ_n it_o of_o jerom_n a_o pious_a and_o most_o learned_a man_n but_o perhaps_o of_o some_o smatterer_n in_o learning_n who_o presume_v to_o enlarge_v those_o brief_a summarie_a discourse_n of_o his_o in_o that_o chronicle_n do_v arise_v even_o from_o para_n dios_n that_o be_v ex_fw-la jove_n from_o jupiter_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n for_o there_o eusebius_n say_v temporum_fw-la minos_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n unto_o the_o cretan_n which_o he_o bring_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o jupiter_n out_o of_o the_o cave_n where_o he_o have_v retire_v himself_o for_o nine_o year_n touch_v those_o law_n receive_v from_o minos_n which_o 6._o expire_v not_o before_o crete_n be_v subdue_v by_o caecilius_n metellus_n also_o concern_v his_o cave_n in_o mount_n ida_n and_o the_o nine_o year_n the_o matter_n appear_v very_o plain_a out_o of_o homer_n plato_n porphyry_n and_o other_o but_o in_o the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o certain_o here_o signifie'_v id_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n in_o legibus_fw-la adprobat_fw-la seu_fw-la confirmat_fw-la that_o which_o plato_n in_o his_o law_n approve'_v or_o confirm_n for_o minos_n his_o receive_n of_o of_o such_o law_n be_v the_o very_a 1._o foundation_n of_o plato_n book_n concern_v law_n so_o little_a reason_n be_v there_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v translate_v quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la aut_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n refellit_fw-la which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o which_o plato_n disprove'_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o eminent_a man_n joseph_n scaliger_n use_v far_o less_o diligence_n here_o then_o be_v meet_v or_o then_o he_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o do_v will_v have_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n for_o howsoêver_o according_a to_o the_o meaning_n and_o more_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v seem_v right_o translate_v yet_o the_o matter_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n do_v manifest_o prove_v our_o trans-action_n to_o be_v true_a but_o we_o read_v the_o very_a same_o too_o according_a to_o jerom_n translation_n as_o copy_v out_o by_o marianus_n scotus_n 2944._o and_o florentius_n of_o