whitehall_n june_n 3._o 1689._o let_v this_o letter_n to_o a_o bishop_n etc._n etc._n be_v print_v shrewsbury_n a_o letter_n to_o a_o bishop_n concern_v the_o present_a settlement_n and_o the_o new_a oath_n london_n print_v for_o robert_n clavel_n at_o the_o peacock_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1689._o a_o letter_n to_o a_o bishop_n concern_v the_o present_a settlement_n and_o the_o new_a oath_n my_o lord_n i_o have_v consider_v the_o matter_n you_o mention_v to_o i_o with_o all_o the_o care_n and_o attention_n that_o my_o other_o necessary_a affair_n will_v allow_v and_o i_o account_v it_o indeed_o as_o your_o lordship_n do_v a_o great_a unhappiness_n that_o any_o protestant_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o our_o present_a settlement_n but_o especial_o that_o some_o of_o those_o bishop_n be_v of_o this_o number_n who_o be_v so_o late_o make_v confessor_n for_o the_o protestant_a religion_n it_o be_v not_o without_o great_a injustice_n that_o some_o of_o those_o gentleman_n who_o have_v 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sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v all_o honest_a man_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o the_o late_a king_n james_n be_v supersede_v by_o it_o and_o i_o believe_v such_o a_o proof_n to_o be_v no_o difficult_a task_n for_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o they_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n be_v take_v to_o king_n james_n as_o king_n and_o oblige_v no_o further_o nor_o long_o than_o he_o continue_v to_o be_v king_n that_o be_v to_o govern_v as_o king_n of_o england_n now_o that_o the_o late_a king_n cease_v to_o govern_v as_o king_n of_o england_n a_o good_a while_n before_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n either_o land_v here_o or_o i_o believe_v think_v of_o come_v hither_o may_v i_o think_v be_v make_v plain_a by_o these_o follow_a consideration_n i_o need_v not_o examine_v curious_o here_o my_o lord_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o government_n and_o the_o diversity_n of_o it_o my_o business_n only_o be_v to_o have_v it_o agree_v what_o sort_n of_o government_n our_o english_a one_o be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o mix_v sort_n of_o government_n be_v plain_a from_o our_o constitution_n whereby_o every_o one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o make_v any_o law_n whatever_o for_o the_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n be_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n it_o be_v the_o king_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v that_o make_v law_n and_o not_o the_o king_n alone_o or_o the_o lord_n alone_o or_o the_o commons_o alone_o nor_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o any_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o state_n of_o parliament_n and_o as_o the_o king_n can_v here_o make_v law_n alone_o for_o the_o nation_n so_o he_o be_v according_a to_o our_o constitution_n oblige_v by_o a_o most_o solemn_a oath_n and_o promise_n at_o his_o coronation_n to_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n make_v by_o lawful_a authority_n this_o i_o be_o assure_v be_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n that_o he_o be_v one_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n and_o govern_v not_o by_o his_o own_o will_n or_o his_o own_o edict_n but_o by_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n these_o be_v my_o lord_n the_o two_o main_a hinge_n of_o our_o government_n that_o all_o the_o law_n the_o people_n of_o england_n can_v be_v govern_v by_o be_v make_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o government_n itself_o be_v administer_v according_a to_o these_o law_n if_o either_o the_o king_n alone_o or_o any_o one_o or_o both_o of_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v law_n the_o one_o hinge_v be_v break_v off_o and_o if_o the_o government_n itself_o be_v not_o administer_v that_o be_v if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o govern_v according_a to_o the_o law_n the_o
they_o protestant_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o deprive_v his_o child_n of_o the_o hereditary_a right_n of_o succession_n and_o ruine_v the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o happy_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n such_o consideration_n as_o these_o make_v the_o late_a king_n army_n so_o useless_a to_o he_o and_o the_o prince_n victory_n so_o easy_a to_o he_o who_o business_n be_v not_o to_o conquer_v here_o but_o to_o do_v himself_o and_o his_o princess_n right_o and_o to_o preserve_v our_o government_n in_o church_n and_o state_n which_o if_o he_o have_v tame_o look_v on_o and_o suffer_v to_o be_v destroy_v his_o own_o right_n will_v most_o infallible_o have_v sink_v with_o they_o be_v so_o entire_o link_v with_o they_o here_o some_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o call_v upon_o i_o and_o tell_v i_o that_o if_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o conqueror_n than_o all_o our_o right_n and_o our_o possession_n be_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n and_o that_o our_o condition_n be_v far_o from_o be_v mend_v since_o we_o be_v by_o this_o conquest_n in_o that_o state_n which_o the_o late_a king_n be_v labour_v to_o bring_v we_o to_o subject_v absolute_o in_o our_o person_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o conqueror_n but_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o answer_v this_o fearful_a suggestion_n by_o show_v they_o that_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v conquer_v and_o not_o the_o nation_n with_o he_o the_o prince_n in_o his_o declaration_n have_v assure_v the_o nation_n that_o his_o only_a design_n of_o appear_v in_o arm_n here_o be_v to_o secure_v his_o own_o and_o their_o right_n and_o he_o do_v thereupon_o conjure_v they_o to_o assist_v he_o in_o so_o good_a and_o so_o just_a a_o design_n which_o the_o nation_n do_v either_o by_o not_o aid_v the_o king_n or_o by_o rise_v up_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o he_o so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o true_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o the_o nation_n 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since_o the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o orange_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o conquest_n of_o the_o king_n and_o by_o virtue_n partly_o of_o their_o own_o hereditary_a right_n and_o partly_o of_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o nation_n assemble_v in_o convention_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o do_v protect_v and_o govern_v the_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o have_v take_v the_o coronation-oath_n that_o they_o will_v always_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o the_o only_a question_n be_v whether_o our_o allegiance_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v not_o transfer_v from_o the_o late_a king_n who_o be_v just_o conquer_v who_o do_v not_o govern_v we_o and_o can_v no_o further_o protect_v we_o unto_o those_o person_n who_o be_v now_o invest_v with_o the_o regal_a power_n and_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o government_n and_o do_v protect_v the_o nation_n the_o resolution_n of_o this_o case_n will_v have_v be_v very_o ready_o make_v by_o any_o of_o we_o have_v providence_n place_v we_o upon_o the_o continent_n in_o those_o country_n which_o have_v late_o be_v and_o now_o be_v like_a to_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o war_n and_o not_o in_o a_o island_n so_o happy_o secure_v from_o the_o sudden_a descent_n of_o enemy_n have_v we_o live_v in_o germany_n or_o flanders_n for_o example_n we_o shall_v have_v learn_v how_o far_o allegiance_n be_v necessary_a and_o when_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v from_o the_o prince_n conquer_v to_o the_o conqueror_n no_o prudent_a man_n think_v the_o people_n of_o any_o town_n in_o flanders_n perjure_v because_o notwithstanding_o their_o former_a oath_n to_o their_o hereditary_a prince_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o fortune_n of_o war_n necessitate_v they_o to_o take_v new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o a_o conqueror_n and_o i_o think_v man_n ought_v to_o make_v the_o very_a same_o judgement_n of_o thing_n here_o that_o since_o the_o government_n of_o king_n james_n be_v at_o a_o end_n the_o oath_n to_o he_o have_v no_o further_o force_v and_o that_o since_o he_o be_v fair_o conquer_v by_o that_o prince_n who_o he_o be_v endeavour_v to_o deprive_v of_o his_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o be_v by_o that_o altogether_o incapacitate_v from_o govern_v and_o protect_v we_o our_o allegiance_n either_o whole_o cease_v or_o be_v supersede_v as_o to_o he_o and_o we_o may_v in_o our_o circumstance_n give_v security_n to_o the_o government_n and_o pay_v allegiance_n for_o that_o protection_n we_o enjoy_v from_o it_o this_o my_o lord_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o all_o country_n to_o the_o law_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n to_o reason_n and_o which_o be_v more_o unto_o scripture_n itself_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_v your_o lordship_n much_o with_o show_v its_o agreement_n with_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n since_o almost_o every_o day_n practice_n do_v give_v instance_n of_o it_o whereby_o people_n and_o country_n that_o be_v under_o their_o own_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o have_v take_v oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o he_o be_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o war_n make_v another_o prince_n subject_n and_o may_v lawful_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n transfer_v their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o new_a lord_n the_o reason_n of_o all_o this_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o nature_n and_o end_n of_o government_n itself_o upon_o that_o mutual_a obligation_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v betwixt_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o people_n who_o upon_o his_o power_n and_o his_o promise_n of_o protect_v they_o in_o their_o life_n and_o in_o their_o property_n do_v engage_v to_o perform_v allegiance_n and_o to_o bear_v faith_n to_o he_o now_o this_o stipulation_n do_v natural_o fall_v when_o such_o a_o prince_n be_v no_o long_o able_a or_o no_o long_o willing_a to_o protect_v they_o and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v their_o allegiance_n to_o that_o prince_n do_v direct_v they_o now_o to_o transfer_v it_o from_o he_o who_o be_v by_o the_o fortune_n of_o war_n disable_v from_o afford_v protection_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o will_v engage_v to_o protect_v they_o and_o do_v preserve_v they_o in_o their_o person_n and_o their_o estate_n and_o in_o all_o their_o ancient_a legal_a security_n and_o as_o this_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o be_v the_o practice_n and_o the_o law_n of_o all_o country_n abroad_o so_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o own_o kingdom_n do_v not_o only_o countenance_v such_o a_o transfer_v of_o allegiance_n to_o a_o conqueror_n but_o do_v indempnifie_v the_o pay_a allegiance_n to_o a_o mere_a king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la who_o may_v be_v a_o usurper_n and_o the_o defend_v he_o in_o his_o government_n thus_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v the_o eleven_o year_n of_o henry_n vii_o chap._n 1._o it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v against_o all_o law_n reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n that_o subject_n go_v with_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n in_o war_n attend_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o person_n or_o be_v in_o other_o place_n by_o his_o commandment_n within_o the_o land_n or_o without_o any_o thing_n shall_v lose_v or_o forfeit_v for_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o service_n of_o allegiance_n and_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v that_o from_o henceforth_o no_o manner_n of_o person_n or_o person_n whatsoever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v that_o attend_v upon_o the_o king_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o this_o land_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o his_o person_n and_o do_v he_o true_a and_o faithful_a service_n of_o allegiance_n in_o the_o same_o or_o be_v in_o other_o place_n by_o his_o command_n in_o his_o war_n within_o this_o land_n or_o
in_o any_o constitution_n whatever_o and_o that_o the_o end_n of_o government_n be_v quite_o lose_v if_o that_o person_n who_o subvert_v any_o particular_a government_n do_v not_o at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n destroy_v or_o forfeit_v let_v man_n call_v it_o what_o they_o please_v his_o own_o share_n in_o it_o to_o this_o argument_n from_o the_o dispense_v power_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n which_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o mention_v do_v not_o amount_v to_o a_o subversion_n of_o our_o government_n if_o those_o law_n be_v unjust_a and_o void_a in_o themselves_o which_o the_o king_n dispense_v with_o as_o for_o the_o law_n about_o office_n civil_a and_o military_a from_o which_o papist_n be_v exclude_v they_o say_v the_o observator_fw-la have_v prove_v it_o often_o enough_o that_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a since_o no_o law_n can_v preclude_v a_o king_n from_o make_v use_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o for_o all_o the_o law_n against_o conventicle_n the_o author_n of_o a_o paper_n publish_v very_o late_o and_o license_v too_o call_v the_o case_n of_o the_o protestant_a dissenter_n represent_v and_o argue_v p._n 2._o tell_v we_o very_o roundly_o that_o they_o be_v void_a also_o and_o that_o the_o dissenter_n must_v be_v excuse_v if_o they_o have_v in_o their_o practice_n express_v less_o reverence_n for_o law_n make_v by_o no_o authority_n receive_v either_o from_o god_n or_o man_n and_o complain_v that_o they_o be_v injurious_o reflect_v on_o when_o it_o be_v impute_v to_o they_o that_o they_o have_v by_o the_o use_n of_o their_o liberty_n acknowledge_v a_o illegal_a dispense_v power_n we_o have_v say_v ☞_o he_o do_v no_o other_o thing_n herein_o than_o we_o do_v when_o no_o dispensation_n be_v give_v or_o pretend_v in_o conscience_n of_o duty_n to_o he_o that_o give_v we_o breath_n nor_o do_v therefore_o practice_n otherwise_o because_o we_o think_v those_o law_n dispense_v with_o but_o because_o we_o think_v they_o not_o law_n so_o that_o the_o result_n be_v that_o the_o late_a king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v accuse_v of_o subvert_v the_o government_n by_o set_v aside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v void_a of_o themselves_o but_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_v your_o lordship_n with_o any_o answer_n to_o such_o a_o objection_n since_o i_o know_v your_o lordship_n nor_o any_o of_o those_o for_o who_o sake_n i_o write_v this_o do_v not_o believe_v a_o word_n of_o what_o these_o two_o do_v so_o dogmatical_o and_o yet_o most_o unjust_o assert_v i_o suppose_v the_o observator_fw-la will_v not_o be_v fond_a of_o stand_v by_o his_o assertion_n and_o that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o dissenter_n case_v aught_o to_o have_v show_v some_o more_o manner_n than_o to_o cast_v such_o saucy_a and_o bold_a slander_n upon_o our_o parliament_n while_o one_o be_v actual_o sit_v it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o my_o vindication_n that_o the_o present_a parliament_n believe_v those_o law_n which_o the_o late_a king_n dispense_v with_o not_o only_o to_o be_v true_a but_o necessary_a law_n whatever_o these_o two_o gentleman_n with_o so_o much_o confidence_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_n i_o will_v pass_v now_o to_o the_o other_o fundamental_a of_o our_o constitution_n which_o be_v that_o the_o government_n be_v administer_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v equal_o evident_a that_o this_o fundamental_a be_v subvert_v by_o the_o late_a king_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a for_o so_o far_o be_v he_o from_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n that_o his_o whole_a government_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o claim_v his_o dispense_v power_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o downright_a opposition_n to_o the_o law_n he_o be_v please_v to_o make_v privycouncellour_n against_o law_n judge_n against_o law_n sheriff_n against_o law_n lord-lieutenant_n and_o their_o deputy_n against_o law_n and_o justice_n against_o law_n to_o have_v man_n hang_v up_o for_o desert_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n against_o law_n to_o have_v popish_a chapel_n jesuit_n school_n and_o the_o conventicle_n open_v against_o law_n in_o a_o word_n his_o resolution_n as_o well_o as_o his_o practice_n do_v show_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v make_v the_o rule_n of_o his_o government_n this_o be_v the_o true_a state_n of_o king_n james_n government_n and_o this_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o that_o essential_a of_o our_o constitution_n of_o govern_v according_a to_o law._n now_o if_o my_o lord_n it_o be_v the_o essence_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o king_n in_o our_o government_n that_o he_o be_v one_o who_o govern_v the_o people_n commit_v to_o his_o charge_n according_a to_o law_n how_o can_v we_o reckon_v in_o this_o rank_a the_o late_a king_n from_o the_o time_n he_o be_v so_o resolute_o set_v upon_o govern_v against_o law_n in_o our_o constitution_n he_o that_o do_v not_o govern_v by_o law_n do_v not_o govern_v at_o all_o and_o he_o that_o do_v not_o nor_o will_v not_o govern_v at_o all_o can_v nor_o will_v not_o be_v king_n but_o cease_v to_o be_v such_o from_o the_o time_n he_o make_v his_o own_o will_n or_o his_o evil_a councillor_n advice_n the_o rule_n of_o his_o government_n and_o not_o the_o law_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v another_o instance_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v dispense_v power_n and_o that_o be_v his_o lay_v aside_o those_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o most_o man_n scruple_n how_o can_v this_o be_v look_v upon_o otherwise_o than_o as_o a_o condemnation_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o unlawful_a and_o if_o they_o be_v so_o we_o have_v the_o late_a king_n judgement_n also_o against_o the_o obligation_n of_o these_o two_o oath_n for_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v take_v think_v they_o unlawful_a than_o they_o be_v certain_o fall_v as_o to_o him._n this_o be_v as_o if_o a_o person_n who_o have_v a_o bond_n from_o another_o which_o he_o look_v upon_o as_o unjust_a shall_v give_v it_o he_o up_o and_o consent_n to_o the_o cancel_v of_o it_o so_o that_o my_o lord_n if_o the_o break_v one_o of_o our_o fundamental_o by_o not_o govern_v according_o to_o law_n do_v not_o make_v such_o a_o person_n cease_v be_v king_n yet_o that_o breach_n of_o the_o other_o the_o assume_v a_o legislative_a power_n which_o quite_o alter_v and_o tear_n up_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o our_o constitution_n can_v do_v less_o than_o shake_v his_o right_n to_o the_o government_n who_o be_v so_o solicitous_a to_o destroy_v it_o he_o 17._o that_o will_v not_o govern_v as_o king_n of_o england_n will_v not_o govern_v at_o all_o and_o if_o he_o continue_v in_o this_o humour_n as_o the_o late_a king_n do_v from_o the_o time_n of_o assume_v his_o arbitrary_a constabit_fw-la dispense_v power_n how_o can_v he_o be_v long_a king_n and_o if_o he_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n by_o his_o leave_v off_o to_o govern_v the_o oath_n to_o he_o be_v as_o much_o at_o a_o end_n as_o if_o he_o have_v cease_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o live_v and_o as_o the_o oath_n can_v certain_o have_v no_o further_o obligation_n to_o he_o when_o he_o have_v divest_v himself_o of_o his_o kingly_a power_n by_o destroy_v that_o very_a government_n whereby_o and_o in_o which_o he_o be_v king_n so_o do_v the_o declaration_n about_o take_v up_o arm_n upon_o no_o pretence_n against_o the_o king_n fall_v with_o they_o that_o declaration_n every_o one_o will_v grant_v i_o be_v make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o government_n which_o the_o late_a king_n take_v such_o indefatigable_a care_n to_o destroy_v that_o declaration_n be_v never_o intend_v for_o the_o destruction_n and_o ruin_n of_o our_o government_n and_o yet_o it_o must_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o government_n if_o it_o put_v it_o into_o a_o king_n hand_n to_o turn_v tyrant_n without_o control_n and_o to_o subvert_v our_o legal_a constitution_n and_o undo_v a_o nation_n without_o gainsay_v and_o therefore_o that_o declaration_n be_v intend_v for_o the_o security_n of_o and_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o a_o king_n govern_v by_o law_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o late_a king_n from_o the_o hour_n he_o set_v up_o his_o own_o will_n against_o the_o law_n and_o his_o own_o power_n against_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o parliament_n this_o my_o lord_n be_v the_o first_o case_n whereby_o a_o king_n cease_v to_o govern_v or_o to_o be_v a_o king_n for_o they_o be_v synonymous_a i_o think_v by_o the_o instance_n i_o have_v produce_v and_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v offer_v it_o may_v reasonable_o appear_v that_o the_o late_a king_n have_v subvert_v our_o government_n and_o destroy_v his_o own_o share_n of_o enjoy_v the_o kingly_a authority_n in_o it_o and_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v king_n and_o if_o