answer_v yes_o certain_o there_o be_v quest._n 2._o his_o lordship_n second_o question_n be_v may_v not_o a_o private_a merchant_n be_v or_o seem_v to_o be_v owner_n of_o much_o ship_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n receive_v and_o send_v out_o many_o good_n and_o yet_o decline_v and_o grow_v poor_a notwithstanding_o all_o his_o tumble_a and_o bussel_v i_o answer_v yes_o certain_o he_o may_v but_o this_o will_v soon_o appear_v either_o while_o he_o live_v or_o at_o his_o death_n and_o his_o great_a trade_n will_v come_v to_o be_v but_o a_o small_a one_o or_o none_o at_o all_o but_o that_o man_n who_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n and_o be_v owner_n or_o employer_n of_o much_o ship_n and_o do_v all_o his_o day_n continue_v and_o increase_v in_o trade_n and_o ship_n and_o his_o son_n or_o successor_n after_o he_o and_o after_o he_o his_o grand_a son_n etc._n etc._n this_o will_v be_v a_o indisputable_a evidence_n that_o that_o person_n or_o family_n do_v thrive_v by_o their_o trade_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o thrive_v their_o trade_n will_v not_o have_v long_o continue_v muchless_a increase_v this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o nation_n and_o this_o through_o god_n goodness_n be_v the_o case_n of_o england_n as_o bad_a as_o we_o be_v at_o present_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v as_o evident_a as_o the_o first_o for_o where_o a_o great_a trade_n be_v drive_v especial_o where_o much_o ship_n be_v employ_v whatever_o become_v of_o the_o poor_a merchant_n that_o drive_v the_o trade_n multitude_n of_o people_n will_v be_v certain_a gainer_n as_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o officer_n of_o custom_n beside_o shipwright_n butcher_n brewer_n baker_n rope-maker_n porter_n seaman_n manufacturer_n carman_n lighter-man_n and_o all_o other_o artificer_n and_o people_n that_o depend_v on_o trade_n and_o ship_n which_o indeed_o more_o or_o less_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n do_v but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v again_o if_o this_o increase_n of_o trade_n depend_v upon_o and_o proceed_v from_o our_o ordinary_a importation_n for_o which_o our_o ready_a money_n go_v out_o it_o will_v impoverish_v we_o i_o answer_v in_o some_o case_n it_o may_v be_v so_o and_o in_o some_o case_n as_o i_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o will_v best_o be_v know_v by_o the_o effect_n for_o if_o we_o be_v impoverish_v our_o general_a trade_n and_o our_o ship_n will_v necessary_o and_o visible_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o and_o must_v rational_o and_o unavoidable_o do_v so_o for_o that_o be_v impoverish_v we_o shall_v lose_v our_o tool_n our_o stock_n to_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o our_o trade_n in_o the_o gross_a bulk_n of_o it_o though_o we_o may_v decline_v in_o some_o do_v still_o increase_v especial_o our_o ship_n for_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o year_n it_o be_v infallible_a proof_n of_o our_o thrive_a by_o our_o trade_n and_o that_o we_o be_v still_o get_v more_o tool_n more_o stock_n to_o trade_v with_o some_o there_o be_v will_v limit_v this_o discovery_n to_o the_o increase_n and_o dimunition_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o bulloin_v but_o because_o that_o be_v more_o secret_a and_o indiscernible_a it_o can_v i_o conceive_v afford_v so_o clear_a a_o demonstration_n as_o the_o other_o if_o any_o at_o all_o for_o that_o money_n seem_v to_o vulgar_a observer_n most_o plentiful_a when_o there_o be_v least_o occasion_n for_o it_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a more_o scarce_o as_o the_o occasion_n for_o the_o employment_n thereof_o be_v more_o numerous_a and_o advantageous_a according_a to_o which_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o have_v most_o money_n when_o we_o have_v the_o least_o trade_n and_o yet_o then_o certain_o the_o nation_n get_v least_o this_o be_v apparent_a to_o those_o that_o will_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o east-india-company_n have_v a_o great_a sale_n to_o make_v than_o money_n be_v general_o find_v to_o be_v scarce_o in_o london_n not_o that_o be_v so_o in_o reality_n more_o than_o at_o other_o time_n but_o because_o that_o extraordinary_a occasion_n engage_v man_n to_o employ_v quantity_n which_o they_o provide_v and_o lay_v aside_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o a_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n make_v money_n seem_v scarce_o because_o every_o man_n then_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v make_v up_o a_o small_a sum_n send_v it_o into_o the_o goldsmith_n whereof_o more_o be_v say_v before_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o study_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o last_o mention_v respect_n be_v a_o study_n very_o ingenious_a and_o commendable_a yet_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n the_o enquiry_n whether_o we_o get_v or_o lose_v do_v not_o so_o much_o deserve_v our_o great_a pain_n and_o care_n as_o how_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o get_v the_o former_a be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o latter_a and_o this_o therefore_o lead_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o other_o balance_n of_o trade_n as_o most_o useful_a and_o necessary_a viz._n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n to_o improve_v the_o trade_n thereof_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o equalise_v or_o overbalance_n our_o neighbour_n in_o our_o national_a profit_n by_o our_o foreign_a trade_n i_o answer_v this_o be_v a_o large_a and_o extensive_a question_n and_o require_v to_o resolve_v it_o the_o great_a skill_n and_o experience_n both_o in_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o trade_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v only_o make_v a_o essay_n towards_o it_o which_o the_o whole_a discourse_n foregoing_a be_v and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v accept_v of_o my_o good_a affection_n to_o my_o country_n herein_o though_o he_o meet_v not_o with_o that_o full_a satisfaction_n he_o may_v expect_v and_o wish_v foâ—_n the_o method_n i_o propose_v for_o the_o further_o answer_v of_o this_o great_a question_n be_v follow_v my_o own_o principle_n that_o if_o trade_n be_v great_a and_o much_o english_a ship_n employ_v it_o will_v be_v good_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n whatever_o it_o may_v be_v for_o private_a merchant_n first_o to_o lay_v down_o some_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n in_o england_n and_o then_o some_o way_n of_o reduce_v those_o general_a rule_n into_o use_n and_o practice_n the_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o many_o 1._o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n 2._o increase_v stock_n in_o trade_n 3._o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o ncessary_a i._n e._n make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 4._o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o to_o increase_v hand_n in_o trade_n the_o follow_a particular_n will_v much_o contribute_v one_a a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n beforementioned_a 2._o some_o enlargement_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o society_n of_o merchant_n as_o before-limitted_n 3._o a_o more_o easy_a and_o free_a admission_n of_o inhabitant_n merchant_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v burgher_n of_o our_o city_n and_o bourough_n 4._o not_o to_o hinder_v any_o man_n from_o keep_v as_o many_o servant_n as_o he_o can_v nor_o loom_n working-tool_n etc._n etc._n 5._o to_o abate_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a 6._o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n will_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n and_o invite_v other_o to_o we_o and_o consequent_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o our_o hand_n in_o trade_n 7._o employ_v educate_v and_o relieve_v the_o poor_a so_o as_o they_o may_v neither_o be_v idle_a nor_o perish_v for_o want_n or_o leave_v the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o misery_n 8._o give_v such_o honour_n and_o perferment_n to_o merchant_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o their_o experience_n &_o education_n have_v fit_v they_o for_o will_v doubtless_o increase_v their_o number_n te_fw-la increase_v our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 1._o all_o the_o six_o foregoing_a particular_n will_v very_o much_o contribute_v especial_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n because_o bring_v in_o of_o more_o stock_n for_o that_o the_o person_n engage_v in_o trade_n must_v necessary_o bring_v in_o their_o stock_n with_o they_o if_o they_o have_v any_o and_o for_o artiâ—icers_n that_o have_v none_o their_o labour_n in_o consequence_n will_v generate_v stock_n to_o the_o nation_n and_o increase_v that_o we_o have_v already_o 2._o a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n as_o beforementioned_a will_v much_o and_o speedy_o augment_v our_o useful_a stock_n 3._o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o own_o plantation_n whole_o to_o england_n and_o prevent_v all_o kind_n of_o abuse_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n will_v tend_v much_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o stock_n in_o trade_n 4._o the_o secure_n
pound_n portion_n with_o a_o daughter_n sixty_o year_n ago_o be_v not_o esteem_v a_o large_a proportion_n than_o two_o thousand_o pound_n be_v now_o and_o whether_o gentlewoman_n in_o those_o day_n will_v not_o esteem_v themselves_o well_o clothe_v in_o a_o serge_n gown_n which_o a_o chambermaid_n now_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v see_v in_o whether_o our_o citizen_n and_o middle_a sort_n of_o gentry_n now_o be_v not_o more_o rich_a in_o clothes_n plate_n jewel_n and_o household-good_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o whether_o our_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n now_o do_v not_o exceed_v by_o much_o in_o those_o thing_n the_o nobility_n of_o england_n sixty_o year_n past_a many_o of_o who_o then_o will_v not_o go_v to_o the_o price_n of_o a_o whole_a sattin-doublet_n the_o embroiderer_n be_v yet_o live_v who_o have_v assure_v i_o he_o have_v make_v many_o hundred_o of_o they_o for_o the_o nobility_n with_o canvas_n back_n which_o way_n ever_o we_o take_v our_o measure_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v evident_a that_o since_o our_o first_o abatement_n of_o interest_n the_o riches_n and_o splendour_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v increase_v to_o above_o four_o i_o may_v say_v above_o six_o time_o so_o much_o as_o it_o be_v we_o have_v now_o almost_o one_o hundred_o coach_n for_o one_o we_o have_v former_o we_o with_o case_n can_v pay_v a_o great_a tax_n now_o in_o one_o year_n than_o our_o forefather_n can_v in_o twenty_o our_o custom_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v i_o believe_v above_o the_o proportion_n aforesaid_a of_o six_o to_o one_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o advance_v of_o the_o rate_n of_o good_n as_o by_o increase_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n for_o though_o some_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v advance_v other_o of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n be_v considerable_o abate_v by_o the_o last_o book_n of_o rate_n i_o can_v myself_o remember_v since_o there_o be_v not_o in_o london_n use_v so_o many_o wharf_n or_o key_n for_o the_o land_n of_o merchant_n good_n by_o at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n as_o now_o there_o be_v and_o those_o that_o be_v then_o can_v scarce_o have_v employment_n for_o half_a what_o they_o can_v do_v and_o now_o notwithstanding_o one_o three_o more_o use_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n they_o be_v all_o too_o little_a in_o a_o time_n of_o peace_n to_o land_n the_o good_n at_o that_o come_v to_o london_n if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o country_n we_o shall_v find_v land_n as_o much_o improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n as_o trade_n etc._n etc._n in_o city_n that_o now_o yield_v twenty_o year_n purchase_v which_o then_o will_v not_o have_v sell_v for_o above_o eight_o or_o ten_o at_o most_o beside_o the_o rent_n of_o farm_n have_v be_v for_o these_o last_o thirty_o year_n much_o advance_v and_o although_o they_o have_v for_o these_o three_o or_o four_o last_o year_n fall_v that_o have_v no_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n at_o present_a nor_o to_o the_o other_o mistake_v reason_n which_o be_v common_o assign_v for_o it_o but_o principal_o to_o the_o vast_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n since_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v late_o possess_v by_o the_o industrous_a english_a who_o be_v soldier_n in_o the_o late_a army_n and_o the_o late_a great_a land-tax_n more_o may_v be_v say_v but_o the_o premise_n be_v consider_v i_o judge_v will_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v how_o great_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v be_v advance_v in_o all_o respect_n for_o these_o last_o fifty_o year_n and_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o i_o seem_v most_o probable_a because_o as_o it_o appear_v it_o have_v be_v in_o england_n so_o i_o find_v it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o all_o europe_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o to_o know_v whether_o any_o country_n be_v rich_a or_o poor_a or_o in_o what_o proportion_n it_o be_v so_o no_o other_o question_n need_v to_o be_v resolve_v but_o this_o viz._n what_o interest_n do_v they_o pay_v for_o money_n near_o home_o we_o see_v it_o evident_o in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n where_o ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v pay_v for_o interest_n the_o people_n be_v poor_a and_o despicable_a their_o person_n ill_o clothe_v their_o house_n worse_o provide_v and_o money_n intolerable_o scarce_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n of_o all_o provision_n nor_o will_v their_o land_n yield_v above_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n purchase_v at_o most_o in_o france_n where_o money_n be_v at_o seven_o per_fw-mi cent_z their_o land_n will_v yield_v about_o eighteen_o year_n purchase_v and_o the_o gentry_n who_o may_v possess_v land_n live_v in_o good_a condition_n though_o the_o peasant_n be_v little_o better_o than_o slave_n because_o they_o can_v possess_v nothing_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o other_o in_o italy_n money_n will_v not_o yield_v above_o three_o per_fw-la cent_z to_o be_v let_v out_o upon_o real_a security_n there_o the_o people_n be_v rich_a full_a of_o trade_n well_o attire_v and_o their_o land_n will_v sell_v at_o thirty_o five_o to_o forty_o year_n purchase_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o or_o better_a with_o they_o in_o holland_n be_v too_o manifest_a in_o spain_n the_o usual_a interest_n be_v ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o there_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v the_o only_a trade_n in_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n be_v no_o where_n more_o scarce_o the_o people_n poor_a despicable_a and_o void_a of_o commerce_n other_o than_o such_o as_o english_a dutch_a italian_n jew_n and_o other_o foreigner_n bring_v to_o they_o who_o be_v to_o they_o in_o effect_n but_o as_o leech_n who_o suck_v their_o blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n from_o they_o i_o may_v urge_v many_o other_o instâ—nces_n of_o this_o nature_n not_o only_o out_o of_o chriâ—â—endom_n but_o from_o under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n east-india_n and_o america_n but_o every_o man_n by_o his_o eperience_n in_o foreign_a country_n may_v easy_a inform_v himself_o whether_o this_o rule_n do_v universal_o hold_v true_a or_o not_o for_o my_o own_o part_n to_o satisfy_v my_o own_o curiosity_n i_o have_v for_o some_o year_n as_o occasion_v offer_v diligent_o inquire_v of_o all_o my_o acquaintance_n that_o have_v knowledge_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o i_o can_v true_o say_v that_o i_o never_o find_v it_o to_o fail_v in_o any_o particular_a instance_n now_o if_o upon_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o defacto_fw-la this_o kingdom_n be_v rich_a at_o least_o fourfold_a i_o may_v say_v eight-fold_n than_o it_o be_v before_o any_o law_n for_o interest_n be_v make_v and_o that_o all_o country_n be_v at_o this_o day_n rich_a or_o poor_a in_o a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o what_o they_o pay_v and_o have_v usual_o pay_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v careful_o whether_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v in_o truth_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o country_n or_o only_o the_o concomitant_a or_o effect_v of_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o country_n in_o which_o seem_v to_o lie_v the_o intricacy_n of_o this_o question_n to_o satisfy_v myself_o wherein_o i_o have_v take_v all_o opportunity_n to_o discourse_v this_o point_n with_o the_o most_o ingenious_a man_n i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v know_v to_o and_o have_v search_v for_o and_o read_v all_o the_o book_n that_o i_o can_v ever_o hear_v be_v print_v against_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n and_o serious_o consider_v all_o the_o argument_n and_o objection_n use_v by_o they_o against_o it_o all_o which_o have_v tend_v to_o confirm_v i_o in_o this_o opinion_n which_o i_o bumble_o offer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o wise_a head_n viz._n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o prosperity_n &_o riches_n of_o any_o nation_n and_o that_o the_o bring_v down_o of_o interest_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o six_o to_o four_o or_o three_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v necessary_o in_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n time_n double_v the_o capital_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n the_o most_o material_a objection_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o against_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v object_n 1._o to_o abate_v interest_n will_v cause_v the_o dutch_a and_o other_o people_n that_o have_v money_n put_v out_o at_o interest_n in_o england_n by_o their_o friend_n and_o factor_n to_o call_v home_o their_o estate_n and_o consequent_o will_v occasion_v a_o great_a scarcity_n and_o want_n of_o money_n among_o we_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o interest_n be_v bring_v but_o to_o four_o per_fw-mi cent_z no_o dutchman_n will_v call_v in_o his_o money_n that_o be_v out_o upon_o good_a security_n
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record_n against_o experience_n and_o against_o reason_n to_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o their_o lordship_n will_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o full_a confutation_n out_o of_o their_o own_o memorial_n before_o this_o be_v make_v public_a and_o for_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o will_v any_o man_n believe_v that_o our_o father_n be_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n in_o land_n not_o to_o see_v it_o again_o in_o twenty_o year_n when_o at_o single_a interest_n at_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n they_o may_v double_v their_o money_n in_o 10_o year_n at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n in_o seven_o year_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a honour_n that_o this_o gentleman_n himself_o in_o his_o private_a discourse_n confess_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n but_o he_o question_n whether_o it_o will_v increase_v trade_n certain_o a_o needless_a scruple_n to_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v deliberate_o 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england_n have_v beat_v we_o out_o of_o 7._o the_o east-india_n trade_n for_o nutmeg_n clove_n and_o mace_n a_o extraordinary_a profitable_a trade_n the_o dutch_a arm_n and_o sleight_n have_v beat_v we_o out_o of_o but_o their_o low_a interest_n give_v strength_n to_o their_o arm_n and_o acuteness_n to_o their_o invention_n 8._o their_o great_a trade_n for_o china_n and_o japan_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o share_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o their_o low_a interest_n those_o trade_n not_o be_v to_o be_v obtain_v but_o by_o a_o long_a process_n and_o great_a disburstment_n destitute_a of_o present_a but_o with_o expectation_n of_o future_a gain_n which_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n can_v bear_v 9_o the_o trade_n of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n two_o of_o our_o own_o kingdom_n the_o dutch_a have_v bereave_v we_o of_o and_o in_o effect_n whole_o engross_v to_o themselves_o which_o their_o low_a interest_n have_v be_v the_o principal_a engine_n though_o i_o know_v other_o accident_n have_v contribute_v thereunto_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o 10._o the_o trade_n for_o norway_n be_v in_o great_a part_n lose_v to_o the_o dane_n holstener_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n of_o some_o clause_n in_o the_o act_n of_o navigation_n whereof_o more_o in_o due_a place_n 11._o a_o very_a great_a part_n of_o the_o french_a trade_n for_o exportation_n be_v lose_v by_o reason_n of_o great_a imposition_n lay_v there_o upon_o our_o drapery_n 12._o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o plate-trade_n from_o cadiz_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o dutch_a who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o interest_n can_v afford_v to_o let_v their_o stock_n lie_v beforehand_o at_o civil_a and_o cadiz_n against_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o spanish_a flota_n who_o sometime_o be_v expect_v 3_o 6_o 9_o and_o 12_o month_n before_o they_o come_v especial_o since_o the_o late_a interruption_n that_o our_o jamaica_n caper_n have_v give_v they_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o engross_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o silver_n whereas_o we_o in_o regard_n our_o stock_n run_v at_o a_o high_a interest_n can_v so_o well_o afford_v to_o keep_v they_o so_o long_o dead_a it_o be_v true_a the_o english_a have_v yet_o a_o share_n in_o this_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o after_o recite_v natural_a advantage_n viz._n woollen-manufacture_n tin_n lead_v fish_n etc._n etc._n inseparable_o annex_v by_o god_n providence_n to_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v true_a likewise_o that_o the_o peace_n at_o munster_n have_v much_o further_v the_o dutch_a in_o that_o affair_n but_o as_o true_a it_o be_v that_o their_o low_a interest_n have_v enable_v they_o to_o make_v a_o much_o great_a improvement_n and_o advantage_n in_o trade_n by_o that_o peace_n than_o ever_o they_o can_v otherwise_o have_v do_v 13._o the_o trade_n of_o surranham_n since_o the_o dutch_a get_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n in_o the_o late_a war_n be_v so_o total_o lose_v to_o the_o english_a that_o we_o have_v now_o no_o more_o commerce_n with_o that_o country_n than_o we_o shall_v have_v if_o it_o be_v sink_v in_o the_o sea_n so_o severe_a and_o exact_a be_v the_o hollander_n in_o keep_v the_o trade_n of_o their_o own_o plantation_n entire_o to_o their_o own_o people_n 14._o the_o trade_n of_o maenad_n or_o new-york_n we_o shall_v have_v gain_v instead_o of_o the_o former_a since_o we_o get_v possession_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o late_a war_n if_o the_o dutch_a have_v not_o be_v connive_v at_o therein_o at_o first_o which_o now_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v not_o for_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v to_o the_o entire_a loss_n of_o that_o trade_n to_o england_n but_o great_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a trade_n to_o virginia_n because_o the_o dutch_a under_o pretence_n of_o trade_n to_o and_o from_o new-york_n carry_v great_a quantity_n of_o virginia_n tobacco_n direct_o for_o holland_n 15._o the_o english_a trade_n to_o guiny_n i_o fear_n be_v much_o decline_v by_o reason_n that_o company_n have_v meet_v with_o discouragement_n from_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n note_v that_o most_o of_o the_o aforementioned_a trade_n be_v the_o great_a trade_n in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o employment_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n 2_o dly_z that_o no_o trade_n deserve_v so_o much_o care_n to_o procrue_v and_o preserve_v and_o encouragement_n to_o prosecute_v as_o those_o that_o employ_v the_o most_o ship_n although_o the_o commoditity_n transport_v be_v of_o small_a value_n in_o themselves_o for_o first_o they_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o profitable_a for_o beside_o the_o gain_n accrue_v by_o the_o good_n the_o freight_n which_o be_v in_o such_o trade_n often_o more_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o good_n be_v all_o profit_n to_o the_o nation_n beside_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o a_o great_a access_n of_o power_n hand_n as_o well_o as_o money_n many_o ship_n and_o seaman_n be_v just_o the_o repute_a strength_n and_o safety_n of_o england_n i_o can_v mention_v more_o trade_n that_o we_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v in_o the_o highway_n to_o loose_v but_o i_o shall_v forbear_v at_o present_a for_o fear_v this_o porch_n shall_v prove_v too_o big_a as_o also_o for_o other_o reason_n the_o trade_n we_o yet_o retain_v be_v one_a for_o fish_n the_o trade_n of_o red-herring_n at_o yarmouth_n pilchard_n in_o the_o west-country_n and_o codfish_n in_o newfoundland_n and_o new-england_n two_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o turkey_n italian_n spanish_a and_o portugal_n trade_n our_o trade_n to_o and_o from_o our_o own_o plantation_n viz._n virginia_n barbadoes_n new-england_n jamaica_n and_o the_o leeward_n island_n if_o any_o shall_v here_o ask_v i_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o dutch_a low_a interest_n have_v not_o casher_v we_o of_o these_o trade_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a i_o shall_v answer_v first_o general_o and_o
offend_v with_o i_o i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o this_o will_v never_o spoil_v but_o mend_v their_o marriage_n beside_o the_o great_a good_n it_o will_v bring_v to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o whether_o they_o prove_v to_o be_v nobleman_n gentleman_n or_o merchant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v in_o several_a place_n of_o my_o ensue_a treatise_n refer_v to_o some_o tract_n i_o former_o publish_v upon_o this_o subject_n which_o be_v now_o whole_o out_o of_o print_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o re-print_n and_o annex_v unto_o this_o which_o at_o first_o i_o intend_v not_o some_o there_o be_v who_o will_v grant_v that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n if_o it_o can_v be_v effect_v will_v procure_v to_o the_o nation_n all_o the_o good_a that_o i_o allege_v it_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o but_o say_v it_o be_v not_o practicable_a or_o at_o least_o not_o now_o 1._o a_o needless_a scruple_n and_o contradictory_n to_o experience_n for_o first_o a_o law_n have_v abate_v interest_n in_o england_n three_o time_n within_o these_o few_o year_n already_o and_o what_o shall_v hinder_v its_o effect_n now_o more_o than_o former_o 2._o if_o a_o law_n will_v not_o do_v it_o why_o do_v the_o usurer_n raise_v such_o a_o dust_n and_o engage_v so_o many_o friend_n to_o oppose_v the_o pass_n of_o a_o act_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o true_a reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n will_v certain_o do_v it_o as_o it_o have_v do_v already_o though_o they_o will_v persuade_v other_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o it_o be_v doubt_v we_o have_v not_o money_n enough_o in_o england_n beside_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o riches_n in_o general_a i_o shall_v here_o give_v some_o further_a reason_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o case_n to_o prove_v that_o we_o have_v now_o much_o more_o money_n in_o england_n then_o we_o 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who_o be_v the_o best_a able_a i_o know_v live_v and_o have_v take_v the_o most_o pain_n in_o these_o calculation_n he_o may_v be_v satisfactory_o resolve_v 3._o house_n new_o build_v in_o london_n yield_v twice_o the_o rent_n they_o do_v before_o the_o fire_n and_o house_n general_o immediate_o before_o the_o fire_n yield_v about_o one_o four_o part_n more_o rent_n than_o they_o do_v twenty_o year_n past_a 4._o the_o speedy_a and_o costly_a building_n of_o london_n be_v a_o convince_a and_o to_o stranger_n a_o amaze_a argument_n of_o the_o plenty_n and_o late_o increase_v of_o money_n in_o england_n 5._o we_o have_v now_o more_o than_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o merchant_n ship_n we_o have_v twenty_o year_n past_a 6._o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n from_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o money_n be_v strange_o alter_v within_o these_o twenty_o year_n most_o payment_n from_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n be_v now_o make_v with_o ready_a money_n whereas_o former_o the_o course_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n run_v at_o three_o six_o nine_o twelve_o and_o eighteen_o month_n time_n but_o if_o this_o case_n be_v so_o clear_a some_o may_v ask_v i_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n complain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n especial_o in_o the_o country_n my_o answer_n to_o this_o query_n be_v viz._n 1._o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o frailty_n and_o corruption_n of_o (null)_o nature_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o present_a and_o commend_v the_o time_n past_a so_o say_v they_o of_o old_a the_o former_a day_n be_v better_a than_o these_o and_o i_o can_v say_v in_o truth_n upon_o my_o own_o memory_n that_o man_n do_v complain_v as_o much_o of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n ever_o since_o i_o know_v the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v now_o nay_o the_o very_a same_o person_n that_o now_o complain_v of_o this_o and_o commend_v that_o time_n 2._o and_o more_o particular_o this_o complaint_n proceed_v from_o many_o man_n find_n themselves_o uneasy_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o religion_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n when_o they_o be_v discontent_v at_o one_o thing_n to_o complain_v of_o all_o and_o principal_o to_o utter_v their_o discontent_n and_o complaint_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o popular_a those_o that_o hate_v a_o man_n for_o some_o one_o cause_n will_v seldom_o allow_v of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a in_o he_o and_o some_o that_o be_v angry_a with_o one_o person_n or_o thing_n will_v find_v fault_n with_o other_o that_o give_v they_o no_o offence_n like_o peevish_a person_n that_o meet_v discontent_n abroad_o come_v home_n quarrel_n with_o their_o wife_n child_n servant_n etc._n etc._n 3._o and_o more_o especial_o this_o complaint_n in_o the_o country_n proceed_v from_o the_o late_a practice_n of_o bring_v up_o the_o tax-money_n in_o wagon_n to_o london_n which_o do_v doubtless_o cause_v a_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n 4._o and_o principal_o this_o seem_a scarcity_n of_o money_n proceed_v from_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_a which_o obstruct_v circulation_n advance_v usury_n and_o render_v it_o so_o easy_a that_o most_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v make_v up_o a_o sum_n of_o 50_o l._n or_o a_o 100_o l._n send_v it_o into_o the_o goldsmith_n which_o do_v and_o will_v occasion_v while_o it_o last_v that_o fatal_a press_a necessity_n for_o money_n so_o visible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o to_o prince_n and_o people_n from_o what_o have_v be_v last_o say_v it_o appear_v the_o matter_n in_o england_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n which_o as_o sir_n henry_n blunt_n a_o honourable_a member_n of_o his_o majesty_n council_n of_o trade_n well_o say_v before_o the_o lord_n at_o the_o debate_n be_v the_o unum_n magnum_n towards_o the_o prosperity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o generative_a good_a and_o will_v bring_v many_o other_o good_a thing_n with_o it_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o two_o or_o three_o request_n to_o the_o reader_n 1._o that_o he_o will_v read_v and_o consider_v what_o he_o read_v with_o a_o entire_a love_n to_o his_o country_n void_a of_o private_a interest_n and_o former_a ill_a ground_a impression_n receive_v into_o his_o mind_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o this_o principle_n 2._o that_o he_o will_v read_v all_o mind_v the_o matter_n not_o the_o stile_n before_o he_o make_v a_o judgement_n 3._o that_o in_o all_o his_o meditation_n upon_o these_o principle_n he_o will_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v always_o parallel_n that_o frequent_o they_o run_v counter_a one_o to_o the_o other_o although_o most_o man_n by_o their_o education_n and_o business_n have_v fix_v their_o eye_n and_o aim_v whole_o upon_o the_o former_a do_v usual_o confound_v these_o two_o in_o their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n of_o trade_n or_o else_o mistake_v the_o former_a for_o the_o latter_a from_o which_o false_a measure_n have_v proceed_v many_o vulgar_a error_n in_o trade_n some_o whereof_o by_o reason_n of_o man_n frequent_a mistake_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v become_v almost_o proverbial_a and_o often_o hear_v out_o of_o the_o mouth_n not_o only_o of_o the_o common_a people_n but_o of_o man_n that_o may_v know_v better_o if_o they_o will_v due_o consider_v the_o aforesaid_a distinction_n some_o of_o the_o say_v common_a proverbial_a error_n be_v viz._n 1._o vulgar_a error_n we_o have_v too_o many_o merchant_n already_o 2._o the_o stock_n of_o england_n be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n 3._o no_o man_n shall_v exercise_v two_o calling_n 4._o especial_o no_o shopkeeper_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o merchant_n 5._o luxury_n and_o some_o excess_n may_v be_v
be_v former_o that_o money_n double_v once_o in_o seven_o year_n at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z according_a to_o which_o rule_n 100_o l._n in_o seventy_o year_n amount_n to_o 102400_o l._n one_o hundred_o pound_n at_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n increase_v thus_o viz._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n at_o first_o 100_o 00_o 00_o at_o 3_o month_n it_o be_v 102_o 10_o 00_o at_o 6_o month_n 105_o 1_o 03_o at_o 9_o month_n 107_o 13_o 9_o at_o 12_o month_n 110_o 07_o 7_o at_o 1_o year_n ¼_n 113_o 02_o 9_o at_o 1_o year_n ½_n 115_o 19_o 4_o at_o 1_o year_n ¾_n 118_o 17_o 4_o at_o 2_o year_n 121_o 16_o 9_o at_o 2_o year_n ¼_n 124_o 17_o 8_o at_o 2_o year_n ½_n 128_o 00_o 1_o at_o 2_o year_n ¾_n 131_o 4_o 1_o at_o 3_o year_n 134_o 9_o 9_o at_o 3_o year_n ¼_n 137_o 17_o 0_o at_o 3_o year_n ½_n 141_o 5_o 10_o at_o 3_o year_n ¾_n 144_o 16_o 6_o at_o 4_o year_n 148_o 8_o 11_o at_o 4_o year_n ¼_n 152_o 3_o 1_o at_o 4_o year_n ½_n 155_o 19_o 2_o at_o 4_o year_n ¾_n 159_o 17_o 2_o at_o 5_o year_n 163_o 17_o 1_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 167_o 19_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ½_n 172_o 3_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 176_o 9_o 1_o at_o 6_o year_n 180_o 17_o 3_o at_o 6_o year_n ¼_n 185_o 7_o 9_o at_o 6_o year_n ½_n 190_o 5_o 0_o at_o 6_o year_n â—_o 4_o 194_o 15_o 5_o at_o 7_o year_n 199_o 12_o 10_o suppose_v one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o double_a in_o seven_o year_n at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o increase_n be_v viz._n  _fw-fr l._n at_o first_o 100_o at_o 7_o year_n 200_o at_o 14_o year_n 400_o at_o 21_o year_n 800_o at_o 28_o year_n 1600_o at_o 35_o year_n 3200_o at_o 42_o year_n 6400_o at_o 49_o year_n 12800_o at_o 56_o year_n 25600_o at_o 63_o year_n 51200_o at_o 70_o year_n 102400_o pag._n 13._o he_o say_v that_o i_o make_v use_n of_o the_o abuse_n of_o interest_n which_o no_o man_n plead_v for_o annex_v a_o discourse_n against_o interest_n write_v in_o 1621._o when_o it_o be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z endeavour_v thereby_o to_o impose_v a_o belief_n that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o write_v that_o discourse_n be_v of_o my_o mind_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n be_v content_v with_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z because_o within_o four_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v down_o to_o that_o rate_n and_o that_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v write_v further_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o may_v live_v till_o after_o four_o year_n i_o answer_v that_o through_o the_o mercy_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o patriot_n of_o his_o country_n old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n who_o i_o have_v since_o be_v assure_v be_v the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n do_v live_v above_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o write_n thereof_o and_o then_o publish_v a_o second_o treatise_n which_o be_v late_o reprint_v by_o his_o worthy_a son_n which_o second_o treatise_n be_v now_o to_o be_v have_v at_o mr_n wilkinson_n over_o against_o st_n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n which_o i_o will_v advise_v my_o opposer_n to_o read_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v be_v more_o modest_a hereafter_o then_o to_o miscall_a the_o most_o natural_a and_o rational_a conclusion_n imposings_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o insert_v a_o few_o line_n out_o of_o it_o to_o the_o present_a purpose_n viz._n old_a sir_n thomas_n speak_v of_o the_o certain_a good_a effect_n of_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z pag._n 19_o of_o his_o second_o treatise_n say_v this_o good_a success_n do_v call_v upon_o we_o not_o to_o rest_v here_o but_o that_o we_o bring_v the_o use_n for_o money_n to_o a_o low_a rate_n which_o now_o i_o suppose_v will_v find_v no_o opposition_n for_o all_o objection_n which_o before_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v against_o it_o be_v now_o answer_v by_o the_o success_n &_o most_o certain_o the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n by_o call_v the_o use_n for_o money_n down_o from_o 8_o to_o 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z than_o it_o be_v from_o call_v it_o down_o from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o shall_v not_o comment_v upon_o his_o word_n but_o only_o declare_v that_o in_o truth_n i_o never_o hear_v of_o this_o treatise_n noâ—_n of_o any_o other_o to_o the_o like_a effect_n when_o i_o write_v i_o pag._n 13._o the_o gentleman_n bâ—ings_v up_o his_o battalion_n and_o like_o a_o stout_a champion_n for_o the_o sly_a and_o timorous_a heard-of_a usurer_n plant_n his_o main_a battery_n against_o that_o part_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v weak_a viz._n that_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n and_o he_o positive_o deny_v that_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n &_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o four_o argument_n which_o i_o shall_v particular_o answer_v in_o a_o due_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n use_v my_o own_o method_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o improve_v the_o riches_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o i_o prove_v it_o thus_o 1._o whatever_o do_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 2._o whatever_o do_v improve_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 3._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 4._o whatever_o do_v multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 5._o whatever_o do_v incline_v the_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 6._o whatever_o do_v employ_v the_o poor_a must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 7._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o people_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n now_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o experience_n for_o certain_o anno_fw-la 1621._o the_o currant_n price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n be_v twelve_o year_n purchase_v and_o so_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o many_o ancient_a man_n who_o i_o have_v query_v particular_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o find_v it_o so_o by_o purchase_n make_v about_o that_o time_n by_o my_o own_o relation_n and_o acquaintance_n and_o i_o presume_v that_o any_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n of_o england_n by_o only_o command_v the_o steward_n of_o their_o manor_n to_o give_v they_o list_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o farm_n that_o their_o grandfather_n or_o father_n buy_v or_o sell_v fifty_o year_n past_a will_v find_v that_o the_o same_o farm_n to_o be_v now_o sell_v will_v yield_v one_o with_o another_o at_o least_o treble_a the_o money_n and_o in_o some_o case_n six_o time_n the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o which_o i_o submit_v still_o to_o the_o single_a and_o joint_a judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v the_o great_a owner_n of_o our_o territory_n be_v in_o their_o private_a as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n the_o most_o proper_a and_o experimental_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n if_o the_o ancient_n of_o they_o will_v please_v to_o recollect_v their_o memory_n and_o the_o young_a will_v please_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o their_o elder_a servant_n and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n have_v great_o advance_v land_n in_o purchase_n as_o well_o as_o improve_v rent_n by_o meliorate_n the_o land_n themselves_o those_o improvement_n by_o marling_n lime_a drain_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v make_v since_o money_n be_v at_o 8_o and_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n can_v not_o bear_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v i_o have_v the_o write_a testimony_n of_o that_o incomparable_a worthy_a person_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n senior_n who_o page_z 11._o of_o his_o first_o treatise_n express_o affirm_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v who_o be_v himself_o a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a parliament_n man_n and_o dedicate_a his_o book_n to_o the_o then_o parliament_n whereof_o he_o be_v then_o a_o member_n can_v without_o horrible_a uncharitableness_n be_v presume_v
to_o impose_v upon_o his_o country_n and_o now_o that_o our_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n as_o the_o same_o worthy_a author_n do_v wise_o foresee_v i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o experience_n of_o my_o country_n man_n whether_o the_o genuine_a price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n now_o will_v not_o be_v 20_o year_n purchase_v be_v it_o not_o for_o accidental_a pressure_n under_o which_o it_o labour_v at_o present_a such_o as_o these_o 1._o our_o late_a great_a land_n tax_n 2._o and_o principal_o the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n mention_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o that_o country_n now_o supply_v foreign_a market_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o plantation_n in_o america_n with_o beef_n pork_n hides_n tallow_n bread_n beer_n wool_n and_o corn_n at_o cheap_a rate_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v to_o the_o beat_v we_o out_o of_o those_o trade_n whereas_o former_o viz._n present_o after_o the_o late_a irish_a war_n many_o man_n get_v good_a estate_n by_o transport_v english_a cattle_n thither_o and_o that_o the_o improvement_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o our_o land_n in_o purchase_n rise_v not_o as_o natural_o they_o shall_v with_o the_o fall_n of_o our_o interest_n appear_v evident_o from_o the_o effect_n the_o fall_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v upon_o house_n in_o london_n where_o the_o growth_n of_o ireland_n can_v have_v no_o such_o destructive_a influence_n which_o have_v be_v so_o considerable_a that_o whosoever_o will_v please_v to_o inform_v themselves_o by_o old_a scrivener_n or_o ancient_a deed_n shall_v find_v that_o a_o house_n in_o london_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_a that_o will_v sell_v but_o for_o 300_o l._n at_o most_o will_v ready_o sell_v within_o a_o short_a time_n afâ—er_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o 5_o or_o 600_o l._n and_o the_o same_o house_n to_o be_v sell_v sometime_o after_o interest_n be_v bring_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n viz._n before_o and_o after_o the_o late_a dutch_a war_n will_v have_v yield_v without_o scruple_n 1000_o or_o 1200_o l._n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n have_v have_v a_o double_a effect_n upon_o house_n by_o increase_a trade_n and_o consequent_o raise_v rent_n as_o well_o as_o increase_n the_o number_n of_o year_n purchase_v 3._o a_o three_o reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o at_o present_a bear_v a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o shall_v natural_o be_v twenty_o year_n be_v the_o late_a plague_n which_o do_v much_o depopulate_v this_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n which_o have_v engage_v man_n in_o building_n in_o the_o city_n who_o otherwise_o will_v have_v be_v purchase_v in_o the_o country_n 5._o the_o unusual_a plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o have_v be_v for_o these_o three_o or_o four_o year_n pass_v in_o most_o part_n of_o christendom_n the_o like_a whereof_o have_v be_v seldom_o know_v it_o happen_v most_o common_o that_o when_o one_o country_n have_v have_v great_a plenty_n other_o have_v have_v great_a scarcity_n 6._o the_o rack_a up_o of_o rent_n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o which_o be_v present_o after_o the_o last_o abatement_n of_o interest_n a_o seven_o accidental_a reason_n why_o land_n do_v not_o sell_v at_o present_a at_o the_o rate_n it_o natural_o shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o legal_a interest_n be_v that_o innovate_v practice_n of_o banker_n in_o london_n which_o have_v more_o effect_n attend_v it_o then_o most_o i_o converse_v with_o have_v yet_o observe_v but_o i_o shall_v here_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o only_a which_o be_v to_o my_o present_a purpose_n viz._n the_o gentleman_n that_o be_v banker_n have_v a_o large_a interest_n from_o his_o majesty_n for_o what_o they_o advance_v upon_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n can_v afford_v to_o give_v the_o full_a legal_a interest_n to_o all_o person_n that_o put_v money_n into_o their_o hand_n though_o for_o never_o so_o short_a or_o long_o a_o time_n which_o make_v the_o trade_n of_o usury_n so_o easy_a and_o hitherto_o safe_a that_o few_o after_o have_v find_v the_o sweetness_n of_o this_o lazy_a way_n of_o improvement_n be_v by_o continuance_n and_o success_n grow_v to_o fancy_n themselves_o secure_a in_o it_o can_v be_v lead_v there_o be_v neither_o ease_n nor_o profit_n to_o invite_v they_o to_o lay_v out_o their_o money_n in_o land_n though_o at_o 15_o year_n purchase_v whereas_o before_o this_o way_n of_o private_a banker_a come_n up_o man_n that_o have_v money_n be_v force_v ofttimes_o to_o let_v it_o lie_v dead_a by_o they_o until_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o security_n to_o their_o mind_n and_o if_o the_o like_a necessity_n be_v now_o of_o money_n lie_v dead_a the_o loss_n of_o use_n for_o the_o dead_a time_n be_v deduct_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o 6_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la will_v in_o effect_n take_v off_o 1_o l._n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o the_o profit_n of_o usury_n and_o consequent_o incline_v man_n more_o to_o purchase_v land_n in_o regard_n the_o difference_n between_o usury_n and_o purchase_n will_v not_o in_o point_n of_o profit_n be_v so_o great_a as_o now_o it_o be_v this_o new_a invention_n of_o cashcire_v have_v in_o my_o opinion_n clear_o better_v the_o usurer_n trade_n 1_o or_o 2_o per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o that_o this_o way_n of_o leave_v money_n with_o goldsmith_n have_v have_v the_o aforesaid_a effect_n seem_v evident_a to_o i_o from_o the_o scarcity_n it_o make_v of_o money_n in_o the_o country_n for_o the_o trade_n of_o banker_n be_v only_o in_o london_n do_v very_o much_o drain_v the_o ready_a money_n from_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o second_o point_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o it_o will_v advance_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o do_v so_o in_o fact_n depend_v on_o memory_n and_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o and_o most_o other_o i_o converse_v with_o do_v perfect_o remember_v that_o rent_n do_v general_o rise_v after_o the_o late_a abatement_n of_o interest_n viz._n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o and_o 1652._o the_o reason_n why_o they_o do_v so_o be_v from_o the_o encouragement_n which_o that_o abatement_n of_o interest_n give_v to_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n to_o improve_v by_o draining_n marling_n lime_a etc._n etc._n excellent_o make_v out_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a two_o worthy_a author_n so_o that_o i_o do_v i_o think_v with_o good_a reason_n conclude_v that_o the_o present_a fall_n of_o rent_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o accidental_a and_o to_o be_v ascribe_v principal_o to_o the_o foregoing_a reason_n give_v for_o the_o present_a abatement_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o late_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n the_o three_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v be_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o i_o do_v thus_o by_o evidence_n of_o fact_n it_o have_v be_v so_o in_o england_n the_o increase_n of_o our_o trade_n have_v always_o follow_v the_o abatement_n of_o our_o interest_n by_o law_n i_o say_v not_o precede_v but_o follow_v it_o and_o the_o cause_n do_v always_o go_v before_o the_o effect_n which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v evident_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o former_a treatise_n if_o any_o doubt_n of_o this_o and_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v the_o custom-house_n book_n they_o may_v soon_o be_v resolve_v 2._o by_o authority_n not_o only_o of_o that_o ancient_a gentleman_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n in_o his_o second_o treatise_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o court_n in_o a_o edict_n there_o recite_v but_o likewise_o of_o a_o parliament_n of_o england_n king_n lord_n &_o commons_o in_o the_o act_n for_o reduce_v it_o to_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z in_o the_o preamble_n whereof_o be_v these_o word_n viz._n forasmuch_o as_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o former_a time_n have_v be_v find_v by_o notable_a experience_n beneficial_a to_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n by_o good_a husbandry_n with_o many_o other_o considerable_a advantage_n to_o this_o nation_n especial_o the_o reduce_n of_o it_o to_o a_o near_a proportion_n with_o foreign_a state_n with_o who_o we_o traffic_n and_o whereas_o in_o fresh_a memory_n the_o like_a fall_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o a_o late_a constant_a practice_n have_v find_v the_o like_a success_n to_o the_o general_a contentment_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o be_v visible_a by_o several_a improvement_n etc._n etc._n 3._o by_o necessary_a consequence_n when_o interest_n be_v abate_v they_o who_o call_v in_o their_o money_n must_v either_o buy_v land_n or_o trade_n with_o it_o if_o they_o buy_v land_n the_o many_o
as_o it_o be_v call_v as_o in_o former_a day_n when_o our_o great_a expense_n be_v upon_o our_o belly_n the_o most_o destructive_a consumption_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o nation_n and_o tend_v only_o to_o nourish_v idleness_n luxury_n and_o beggary_n whereas_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o expense_n which_o follow_v trade_n encourage_v labour_n art_n and_o invention_n to_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n conjoynt_v with_o excise_n upon_o our_o home_n consumption_n if_o the_o late_a can_v be_v hit_v upon_o without_o disturbance_n to_o trade_n or_o danger_n of_o continuation_n be_v two_o of_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a and_o effectual_a sumptuary_n law_n that_o ever_o be_v establish_v in_o any_o nation_n and_o most_o necessitating_a and_o engage_v any_o people_n to_o thriftiness_n the_o high_a road_n to_o riches_n as_o well_o for_o nation_n as_o private_a family_n the_o frugal_a italian_n of_o old_a and_o the_o provident_a dutch_a of_o latter_a time_n i_o think_v have_v give_v the_o world_n a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o this_o theorim_n and_o if_o any_o shall_v tell_v i_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o people_n to_o be_v thrifty_a i_o answer_v all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v alike_o it_o be_v only_a law_n custom_n and_o education_n that_o differ_v man_n their_o nature_n and_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o all_o people_n in_o the_o world_n proceed_v from_o their_o law_n the_o french_a peasantry_n be_v a_o slavish_a cowardly_a people_n because_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n have_v make_v they_o slave_n the_o french_a gentry_n a_o noble_a valiant_a people_n because_o free_a by_o law_n birth_n and_o education_n in_o england_n we_o be_v all_o free_a subject_n by_o our_o law_n and_o therefore_o our_o people_n prove_v general_o courageous_a the_o dutch_a and_o italian_n be_v both_o frugal_a nation_n though_o their_o climate_n and_o government_n differ_v as_o much_o as_o any_o because_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n incline_v they_o to_o thriftiness_n other_o nation_n i_o can_v name_v be_v general_o vain_a &_o prodigal_a not_o by_o nature_n nor_o for_o want_v of_o a_o good_a country_n but_o because_o their_o law_n etc._n etc._n dispose_v they_o so_o to_o be_v the_o six_o proof_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v that_o it_o employ_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v a_o ne-necessary_a consequence_n likewise_o of_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n in_o city_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n in_o the_o country_n which_o be_v well_o and_o true_o demonstrate_v from_o experience_n by_o the_o elder_a and_o young_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n to_o who_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o must_v refer_v the_o reader_n seven_o it_o increase_v the_o people_n of_o a_o nation_n this_o also_o necessary_o follow_v the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o land_n not_o that_o it_o cause_v marry_v man_n to_o get_v more_o child_n but_o 1_o st_o a_o trade_a country_n afford_v comfortable_a subsistance_n to_o more_o family_n than_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o trade_n be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o do_v marry_v who_o otherwise_o must_v be_v force_v to_o live_v single_a which_o may_v be_v one_o reason_n why_o few_o people_n of_o either_o sex_n be_v to_o be_v see_v unmarried_a in_o holland_n at_o 25_o year_n of_o age_n then_o may_v be_v find_v in_o england_n at_o 40_o year_n old_a 2_o dly_z where_o there_o be_v much_o employment_n and_o good_a pay_n if_o we_o want_v hand_n of_o our_o own_o we_o shall_v draw_v they_o from_o other_o as_o have_v be_v say_v 3_o dly_z we_o shall_v keep_v our_o own_o people_n at_o home_n which_o otherwise_o for_o want_n of_o employment_n will_v be_v force_v to_o leave_v we_o and_o serve_v other_o nation_n as_o too_o many_o of_o our_o seaman_n shipwrights_a and_o other_o have_v do_v 4_o thly_a our_o land_n and_o trade_n be_v improve_v will_v render_v we_o capable_a not_o only_o of_o employ_v but_o feed_v a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o people_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o that_o instance_n of_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n and_o if_o these_o will_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o abate_v interest_n than_o i_o think_v it_o be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o kingdom_n for_o quicquid_fw-la efficit_fw-la tale_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la tale_n now_o to_o answer_v his_o four_o recite_v reason_n viz._n first_o he_o say_v if_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o riches_n no_o country_n will_v be_v poor_a all_o desire_a riches_n rather_o than_o poverty_n and_o all_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o state_n their_o interest_n as_o low_a as_o they_o please_v by_o law_n i_o answer_v first_o whatever_o nation_n do_v it_o gradual_o for_o so_o it_o must_v be_v do_v as_o it_o have_v be_v hitherto_o in_o england_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_z being_n enough_o to_o abate_v at_o one_o time_n will_v find_v those_o effect_n i_o have_v mention_v but_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o age_n and_o can_v be_v do_v at_o once_o for_o nec_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la lex_fw-la operantur_fw-la per_fw-la saltum_fw-la second_o it_o be_v great_a imprudence_n to_o imagine_v that_o any_o country_n understand_v their_o true_a interest_n so_o well_o as_o by_o degree_n to_o abate_v use-money_n will_v not_o likewise_o by_o the_o same_o wisdom_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o institute_n of_o many_o other_o good_a law_n for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o trade_n as_o our_o parliament_n have_v still_o proceed_v to_o do_v as_o interest_n have_v be_v abate_v his_o second_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v not_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n in_o holland_n they_o may_v take_v as_o much_o vse-money_n as_o they_o can_v get_v there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o it_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v former_o law_n in_o holland_n that_o reduce_v interest_n to_o 8_o and_o 6_o and_o afterward_o to_o 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o since_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z the_o placart_n for_o which_o i_o have_v see_v and_o have_v be_v tell_v and_o do_v believe_v they_o have_v since_o reduce_v it_o by_o placart_n to_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z as_o to_o their_o cantor_n and_o all_o public_a receipt_n which_o in_o holland_n be_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o they_o have_v make_v a_o general_a law_n for_o it_o because_o the_o most_o of_o their_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o and_o out_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a public_a office_n or_o else_o into_o and_o out_o of_o their_o bank_n for_o which_o no_o use-money_n be_v allow_v which_o several_a gradual_a and_o successful_a abatement_n of_o interest_n do_v occasion_v their_o riches_n at_o first_o and_o bring_v their_o people_n to_o that_o consistency_n of_o wealth_n that_o they_o have_v since_o wrought_v themselves_o into_o such_o a_o abundance_n that_o there_o be_v more_o lender_n now_o than_a borrower_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v with_o we_o in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o the_o next_o abatement_n of_o interest_n be_v make_v by_o law_n which_o i_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o conclude_v not_o only_o from_o the_o visible_a operation_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o place_n but_o from_o fact_n and_o experience_n in_o this_o very_a case_n be_v certain_a that_o the_o goldsmith_n in_o london_n can_v have_v what_o money_n they_o will_v upon_o their_o servant_n note_n only_o at_o 4_o l._n and_o 4_o l._n 10_o s._n per_fw-la cent_z before_o the_o late_a emergency_n of_o state_n which_o i_o can_v demonstrate_v have_v very_o much_o obstruct_v the_o natural_a fall_n of_o interest_n with_o we_o something_o more_o i_o have_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o my_o former_a treatise_n and_o this_o may_v serve_v likewise_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o his_o three_o reason_n four_o he_o say_v that_o which_o i_o must_v prove_v to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n be_v that_o any_o country_n in_o the_o world_n from_o a_o poor_a and_o low_a condition_n while_o interest_n be_v at_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v make_v rich_a by_o bring_v it_o to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_z by_o a_o law_n i_o answer_v if_o the_o instance_n of_o holland_n and_o italy_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o this_o point_n yet_o that_o have_v prove_v which_o he_o can_v deny_v that_o our_o own_o kingdom_n have_v be_v enrich_v consequent_o constant_o and_o proportionable_o to_o and_o after_o our_o several_a abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o law_n from_o a_o unlimited_a rate_n to_o 10_o from_z 10_o to_z â—_o and_z from_z 8_o to_z 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z i_o think_v it_o may_v rational_o be_v conclude_v that_o another_o abatement_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n will_v cause_v a_o further_a increase_n of_o
riches_n as_o it_o have_v do_v in_o holland_n from_o italy_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o gain_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o their_o legal_a interest_n but_o be_o advise_v that_o no_o take_n of_o use-money_n be_v allow_v by_o their_o pontificial_a law_n the_o interest_n now_o take_v there_o which_o be_v general_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z be_v do_v only_o by_o dispensation_n of_o pope_n paul_n the_o five_o and_o that_o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n can_v recover_v interest_n of_o money_n there_o if_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v pay_v it_o can_v prove_v he_o have_v not_o gain_v the_o value_n of_o the_o interest_n demand_v now_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n whether_o that_o practice_n of_o holland_n and_o this_o of_o italy_n where_o the_o romish_a churchman_n have_v so_o great_a power_n who_o be_v to_o take_v cognizance_n and_o may_v by_o their_o auricular_a confessor_n of_o all_o offence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o law_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o money_n in_o those_o country_n be_v pontificial_a do_v not_o amount_v in_o effect_n to_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n in_o england_n but_o to_o deal_v more_o ingenuous_o with_o my_o opposer_n than_o he_o have_v do_v with_o i_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o much_o riches_n will_v occasion_v in_o any_o kingdom_n a_o low_a rate_n of_o interest_n and_o yet_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v but_o a_o low_a state_v interest_n by_o law_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o riches_n for_o if_o trade_n be_v that_o which_o enrich_v any_o kingdom_n and_o lower_v of_o interest_n advance_v trade_n which_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v then_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n or_o more_o proper_o restrain_v of_o usury_n which_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o all_o other_o wise_a and_o rich_a people_n in_o the_o world_n do_v always_o drive_v at_o be_v doubtless_o a_o primary_n and_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o any_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o say_v nor_o absurd_a to_o conceive_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v both_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o effect_n peace_n beget_v plenty_n and_o plenty_n may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o preserve_v peace_n fear_n beget_v hatred_n and_o hatred_n fear_v the_o diligent_a hand_n make_v rich_a and_o riches_n make_v man_n diligent_a so_o true_a be_v the_o proverb_n crescit_fw-la amor_fw-la nummi_fw-la quantum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pecunia_fw-la erescit_fw-la love_n we_o say_v beget_v love_n the_o fertility_n of_o a_o country_n may_v cause_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o people_n may_v cause_v the_o further_o and_o great_a fertility_n of_o a_o country_n liberty_n and_o property_n conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o improvement_n of_o any_o country_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o trade_n and_o emprovement_n conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n as_o well_o as_o secure_n of_o liberty_n and_o property_n strength_n and_o health_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a digestion_n and_o a_o good_a digestion_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n and_o increase_n of_o strength_n and_o as_o a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a honour_n pertinent_o instance_a at_o a_o late_a debate_n upon_o this_o question_n a_o egg_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o a_o hen_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o egg._n the_o incomparable_a lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o history_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o say_v pag._n 245_o of_o that_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n that_o his_o fortune_n work_v upon_o his_o nature_n &_o his_o nature_n upon_o his_o fortune_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o nation_n the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n cause_v a_o increase_n of_o wealth_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n may_v cause_v a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o that_o be_v best_a do_v by_o the_o midwifery_n of_o good_a law_n which_o be_v what_o i_o plead_v for_o the_o corrupt_a nature_n of_o man_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o decline_v to_o vice_n then_o incline_v to_o virtue_n folio_n 15._o he_o affirm_v land_n be_v not_o rise_v in_o purchase_n nor_o rent_n improve_v since_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n that_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o to_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o land_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n only_o i_o will_v entreat_v they_o not_o to_o depend_v upon_o their_o memory_n alone_o but_o to_o command_v particular_a account_n to_o be_v give_v they_o what_o sum_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v give_v 40_o or_o 50_o year_n pass_v for_o any_o entire_a farm_n or_o manor_n they_o now_o know_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o will_v find_v that_o most_o of_o they_o will_v yield_v double_a the_o say_a sum_n of_o money_n now_o notwithstanding_o the_o present_a great_a pressure_n that_o land_n lie_v under_o which_o ought_v mature_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o when_o this_o judgement_n be_v make_v i_o rather_o desire_v the_o enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o gross_a sum_n of_o money_n pay_v than_o the_o year_n purchase_v as_o be_v less_o fallible_a because_o many_o farm_n have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n so_o rack_v up_o in_o rent_n that_o it_o may_v be_v they_o will_v not_o yield_v more_o year_n purchase_v now_o according_a to_o the_o present_a rent_n than_o they_o will_v many_o year_n past_a and_o yet_o may_v yield_v double_a the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o because_o the_o rent_n be_v much_o less_o then_o fol._n 15._o he_o impertinent_o quarrel_n at_o my_o instance_n of_o ireland_n say_v i_o quote_v it_o sometime_o to_o prove_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n pag._n 8._o and_o sometime_o the_o mischief_n of_o high_a interest_n pag._n 9_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o unfriendly_a way_n of_o prevaricate_a for_o pag._n 8._o i_o mention_v the_o late_a great_a improvement_n of_o ireland_n only_o as_o a_o accidental_a cause_n why_o our_o rent_n at_o that_o present_a fell_a and_o in_o this_o it_o appear_v i_o be_v not_o much_o mistake_v for_o within_o a_o few_o month_n after_o i_o first_o write_v that_o treatise_n the_o parliament_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o pag._n 9_o i_o mention_v that_o place_n among_o other_o that_o pay_v a_o high_a interest_n and_o be_v consequent_o very_o poor_a if_o there_o be_v any_o contradiction_n in_o this_o let_v the_o reader_n judge_n pag._n 16._o the_o gentleman_n puzle_v himself_o about_o find_v mistake_v in_o my_o calculation_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o merchant_n estate_n but_o discover_v none_o but_o his_o own_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n further_o about_o that_o all_o merchant_n grant_v i_o as_o much_o as_o i_o design_v by_o it_o though_o some_o of_o they_o have_v not_o or_o care_v not_o to_o observe_v the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n to_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a cause_n thereof_o fol._n 17._o because_o he_o can_v answer_v that_o large_a and_o pregnant_a instance_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o low_a interest_n which_o i_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sugar-baker_n of_o london_n and_o those_o of_o holland_n which_o be_v but_o one_o of_o a_o hundred_o which_o i_o can_v have_v mention_v he_o endeavour_v to_o set_v up_o another_o of_o a_o contrary_a effect_n which_o be_v a_o weak_a ridiculous_a instance_n and_o nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n for_o that_o commodity_n that_o i_o mention_v viz._n sugar_n be_v a_o solid_a bulky_a commodity_n always_o in_o fashion_n not_o consequent_a to_o humour_n as_o be_v that_o of_o silk-stocking_n 1000_o l._n worth_n whereof_o may_v be_v with_o less_o charge_n carry_v to_o italy_n than_o 30_o l._n worth_n of_o barbadoes_n sugar_n can_v be_v send_v to_o holland_n beside_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o of_o late_o send_v silk-stocking_n thither_o be_v accidental_a not_o natural_a only_o happen_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o engine_n wâ—_n have_v to_o weave_v they_o whereof_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o the_o use_n in_o italy_n beside_o wear_v thing_n be_v more_o esteem_v through_o fancy_n then_o judgement_n the_o italian_n may_v have_v the_o same_o vanity_n which_o be_v too_o much_o among_o we_o to_o esteem_v that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o their_o own_o make_n as_o we_o do_v french_a ribond_n and_o the_o frenchman_n english_a one_o beside_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o say_v we_o bring_v the_o silk_n we_o make_v they_o of_o from_o italy_n for_o the_o silk_n of_o which_o we_o make_v that_o commodity_n be_v turkey_n not_o italian_n silk_n fol._n 18._o the_o gentleman_n begin_v to_o be_v kind_a and_o find_v i_o out_o of_o the_o way_n pretend_v to_o set_v i_o right_n viz._n to_o instruct_v i_o as_o first_o what_o will_v bring_v down_o interest_n one_a multitude_n of_o people_n two_o a_o full_a trade_n three_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n i_o answer_v that_o i_o have_v i_o think_v prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v effect_v the_o two_o former_a
truth_n in_o it_o be_v ingenious_o and_o worthy_o start_v by_o he_o that_o first_o publish_v it_o and_o much_o good_a have_v accrue_v to_o the_o kingdom_n by_o our_o lawmaker_n noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n resent_v it_o yet_o if_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o scrutiny_n whereby_o to_o reduce_v it_o into_o practice_n and_o the_o many_o accident_n that_o may_v accrue_v be_v serious_o weigh_v it_o will_v appear_v too_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a as_o to_o our_o general_a trade_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o particular_a trade_n fallible_a and_o erroneous_a that_o it_o will_v not_o hold_v as_o to_o foreign_a trade_n in_o general_n appear_v 1._o from_o the_o difficulty_n and_o impossibility_n of_o take_v a_o true_a account_n as_o well_o of_o the_o quantity_n as_o of_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n export_v and_o import_v the_o general_a rule_n for_o this_o have_v be_v the_o custom-house-book_n but_o that_o they_o can_v be_v in_o any_o measure_n certain_a will_v easy_o be_v grant_v for_o 1._o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o many_o fine_a commodity_n of_o small_a bulk_n and_o great_a value_n as_o point_n lace_n ribbon_n fine_a lennen_n silk_n jewel_n etc._n etc._n be_v import_v by_o stealth_n &_o that_o also_o in_o many_o out-port_n and_o creek_n of_o england_n &_o wales_n commodity_n of_o bulk_n be_v both_o import_v and_o export_v oftentime_o by_o indirect_a mean_n that_o never_o be_v register_v beside_o also_o of_o what_o be_v enter_v there_o may_v be_v though_o not_o considerable_a in_o london_n yet_o in_o other_o part_n much_o difference_n in_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o value_n how_o shall_v the_o compute_v be_v make_v see_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o no_o kind_n proportinable_a our_o own_o commodity_n be_v some_o rate_v very_o low_a as_o drapery_n silk-ware_n haberdashery_n and_o all_o manufacture_n of_o iron_n other_o high_a as_o lead_v and_o tin_n and_o fish_n in_o english_a ship_n nothing_o and_o for_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v the_o rate_n be_v yet_o more_o unequal_a so_o that_o the_o value_v rate_v for_o the_o custom_n can_v be_v a_o due_a measure_n beside_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v by_o english_a ship_n shall_v be_v value_v only_o at_o their_o first_o cost_n and_o charges_n aboard_o and_o those_o by_o foreign_a ship_n with_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o homeward_o freight_n 2._o from_o the_o many_o accident_n that_o fall_v out_o in_o trade_n without_o the_o true_a knowledge_n whereof_o a_o right_a balance_n can_v be_v make_v as_o 1._o accident_n that_o diminish_v the_o stock_n send_v out_o as_o loss_n at_o sea_n bad_a market_n bankrupt_a also_o confiscation_n seizure_n and_o arrest_n which_o fall_v out_o often_o on_o several_a occasion_n now_o if_o by_o any_o of_o these_o or_o such_o like_a the_o original_a stock_n come_v to_o be_v impair_v and_o lessen_v the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n import_v in_o return_n may_v be_v far_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o yet_o may_v be_v the_o full_a product_n and_o so_o the_o nation_n no_o gainer_n though_o the_o export_n be_v more_o in_o value_n then_o the_o import_v 2._o accident_n whereby_o the_o stock_n send_v out_o come_v to_o be_v extraordinary_o advance_v in_o sale_n abroad_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o commodity_n import_v in_o return_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o a_o much_o great_a value_n than_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o real_a produce_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o nation_n no_o loser_n but_o a_o gainer_n thereby_o although_o the_o import_v exceed_v the_o export_n and_o if_o the_o aforecited_a instance_n suffice_v not_o to_o prove_v the_o uncertainty_n in_o some_o case_n of_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n the_o follow_a example_n of_o ireland_n virginia_n and_o barbadoes_n be_v so_o pregnant_a to_o this_o case_n as_o i_o think_v will_v convince_v any_o man_n for_o those_o three_o country_n do_v without_o doubt_n export_n annual_o asleep_o far_o great_a value_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o their_o native_a growth_n and_o product_n then_o be_v import_v to_o they_o from_o hence_o or_o from_o any_o foreign_a country_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o such_o great_a gainer_n but_o continue_v poor_a the_o true_a reason_n whereof_o as_o to_o ireland_n be_v give_v by_o the_o most_o ingenious_a author_n of_o that_o treatise_n of_o tax_n and_o contribution_n page_n 27._o where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a in_o ireland_n be_v own_v by_o absentees_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v over_o the_o profit_v raise_v out_o of_o ireland_n refund_v nothing_o so_o as_o ireland_n export_v more_o than_o it_o import_v do_v yet_o grow_v poor_a to_o a_o paradox_n here_o let_v i_o glance_v at_o my_o old_a theme_n and_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o consider_v serious_o whether_o it_o may_v not_o improper_o be_v say_v of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n where_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n run_v high_a than_o their_o neighbour_n that_o a_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n be_v own_v by_o absentees_n and_o consequent_o they_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v keep_v poor_a whether_o their_o importation_n or_o their_o exportation_n exceed_v this_o likewise_o resolve_v a_o question_n that_o be_v once_o put_v to_o i_o by_o a_o honourable_a person_n concern_v the_o county_n of_o cornwell_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o tin_n and_o pilchard_n which_o annual_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v send_v forth_o from_o their_o two_o mine_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n yet_o that_o country_n still_o remain_v in_o a_o poor_a condition_n the_o reason_n whereof_o to_o i_o seem_v clear_o to_o be_v because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n employ_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a great_a trade_n be_v take_v up_o at_o interest_n and_o consequent_o own_v by_o londoner_n and_o other_o absentee_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o this_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o case_n of_o england_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o the_o notion_n of_o take_v the_o balance_n this_o way_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o in_o all_o place_n and_o under_o all_o circumstance_n without_o exception_n true_a &_o good_a for_o in_o case_n the_o trade_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o absentees_n than_o the_o supposition_n upon_o which_o this_o notion_n be_v ground_v viz._n that_o when_o the_o export_n over_o balance_n the_o import_v the_o surplusage_n be_v return_v into_o england_n in_o bulloin_n will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n and_o the_o contrary_n will_v be_v true_a viz._n that_o the_o surplusage_n will_v be_v convey_v into_o foreign_a part_n to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o residence_n of_o such_o absentee_n 2._o the_o second_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o illustrate_v be_v that_o this_o rule_n bare_o consider_v be_v fallible_a and_o erroneous_a as_o to_o particular_a and_o distinct_a trade_n this_o will_v appear_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o a_o true_a measure_n of_o any_o particular_a trade_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n or_o loss_n of_o the_o nation_n thereby_o can_v be_v take_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o such_o trade_n in_o itself_o single_o but_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o reference_n and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o general_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o place_n to_o which_o little_a of_o our_o english_a manufacture_n be_v export_v and_o yet_o the_o commodity_n we_o have_v from_o thence_o may_v be_v so_o necessary_a to_o the_o carry_v on_o our_o trade_n in_o general_n or_o some_o other_o particular_a trade_n that_o without_o they_o the_o nation_n will_v great_o decline_v and_o decay_v in_o trade_n now_o in_o this_o case_n if_o we_o shall_v measure_v such_o a_o particular_a trade_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a notion_n of_o the_o balance_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o import_v abundant_o exceed_v the_o export_n and_o so_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v against_o such_o a_o trade_n as_o destructive_a whereas_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v in_o truth_n be_v a_o very_a necessary_a beneficial_a trade_n and_o to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o for_o instance_n the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n the_o import_v from_o whence_o be_v certain_o many_o time_n the_o value_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v thither_o and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o trade_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o kingdom_n not_o only_o because_o it_o give_v or_o will_v give_v employment_n to_o two_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o sail_n of_o english_a ship_n if_o we_o do_v a_o little_a mend_v our_o act_n of_o navigation_n but_o principal_o because_o the_o commodity_n import_v from_o thence_o as_o timber_n pitch_n deal_v and_o tar_n be_v of_o such_o necessary_a use_n in_o
of_o that_o great_a trade_n for_o ship_n employ_v for_o importation_n of_o timber_n mast_n board_n and_n pipes-stave_n into_o these_o three_o kingdom_n to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v subject_n and_o not_o by_o any_o stranger_n will_v in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n much_o increase_n the_o stock_n of_o england_n 5._o prevention_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o wool_n and_o encourage_a our_o woollen_a manufacture_n 6._o encourage_v and_o increase_v our_o fish_v trade_n which_o how_o that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v do_v be_v beforementioned_a 7._o to_o set_v up_o the_o linen_n rather_o than_o the_o woollen_a manufacture_n in_o ireland_n and_o give_v extraordinary_a encouragement_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o first_o undertaker_n 8._o to_o encourage_v those_o trade_n most_o that_o vent_v most_o of_o our_o manufacture_n or_o supply_v 〈◊〉_d with_o material_n to_o be_v further_o manufacture_v in_o england_n or_o else_o such_o as_o furnish_v we_o with_o commodity_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o other_o trade_n as_o the_o east-india-company_n do_v eminent_o 9_o if_o his_o majesty_n navy_n debt_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o pay_v and_o if_o for_o the_o future_a all_o his_o majesty_n payment_n be_v make_v with_o punctuality_n it_o will_v much_o increase_v the_o stock_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o trade_n such_o fatal_a stop_n be_v to_o the_o body_n politic_a like_o great_a obstruction_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o spleen_n to_o the_o body_n natural_a which_o not_o only_o procure_v ill_a habit_n but_o sometime_o desperate_a and_o acute_a disease_n as_o well_o as_o cronical_a 10._o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o our_o holly-day_n will_v increase_v the_o day_n of_o our_o work_v and_o work_v more_o will_v make_v we_o rich_a riches_n and_o stock_n be_v the_o same_o 11._o if_o our_o affair_n will_v permit_v that_o the_o full_a custom_n shall_v be_v pay_v back_o etc._n etc._n &_o not_o the_o half_a only_a for_o all_o foreign_a good_n bring_v hither_o and_o afterward_o export_v as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v the_o french_a king_n have_v very_o late_o do_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n it_o will_v wonderful_o increase_v our_o navigation_n and_o in_o consequence_n our_o people_n as_o well_o as_o our_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a trade_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v much_o better_a for_o the_o nation_n in_o general_n then_o particular_a free_a port_n and_o if_o only_o such_o foreign_a good_n as_o shall_v be_v load_v outward_o on_o english_a ship_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o indulgence_n it_o will_v be_v much_o the_o more_o effication_n as_o to_o our_o main_n concern_v viz._n the_o increase_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n 3_o d._n general_n rule_n to_o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o necessary_a and_o thereby_o to_o make_v it_o our_o interest_n to_o trade_n 1._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a a_o law_n for_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n will_v do_v much_o as_o before_o 2._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a a_o court-merchant_n will_v do_v much_o as_o before_o in_o that_o chapter_n 3._o take_v of_o the_o burden_n of_o trade_n whereof_o one_o be_v the_o great_a trouble_n and_o delay_n in_o receive_v back_o our_o impost_n at_o the_o customhouse_n and_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o fee_n to_o searcher_n waitor_n etc._n etc._n 4._o reduce_v interest_n of_o money_n to_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n will_v make_v trade_n easy_a to_o the_o borrower_n and_o to_o make_v it_o necessary_a it_o be_v the_o onum_fw-la magnum_fw-la as_o before_o be_v say_v for_o while_o we_o that_o be_v merchant_n can_v so_o easy_o turn_v gentleman_n by_o buy_v land_n for_o less_o than_o twenty_o year_n purchase_v let_v no_o man_n expect_v that_o if_o we_o thrive_v we_o will_v drudge_n all_o our_o day_n in_o trade_n or_o if_o we_o will_v to_o be_v sure_a our_o son_n will_v not_o 5._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a and_o wool_n rise_v which_o be_v always_o aim_v at_o by_o our_o parliament_n nothing_o will_v conduce_v so_o much_o in_o time_n of_o war_n as_o to_o appoint_v sufficient_a regular_a convoy_n to_o merchant_n ship_n which_o sometime_o have_v be_v force_v to_o lie_v full_o load_v with_o drapery_n five_o or_o six_o month_n in_o the_o river_n for_o want_v of_o convoy_n with_o the_o interest_n of_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n eat_v upon_o they_o while_o likewise_o their_o cloth_n by_o long_o lie_v in_o the_o ship_n be_v much_o damnify_v and_o merchant_n can_v buy_v more_o of_o the_o clothier_n until_o their_o good_n be_v at_o their_o sell_a port_n which_o when_o there_o arrive_v merchant_n can_v value_v themselves_o upon_o they_o by_o exchange_n and_o begin_v a_o fresh_a investment_n in_o england_n 6._o to_o make_v trade_n easy_a some_o abatement_n of_o that_o rigorous_a way_n of_o press_a seaman_n which_o sometime_o sweep_v away_o the_o officer_n as_o well_o as_o common_a man_n will_v much_o conduce_v it_o be_v a_o insuperable_a discouragement_n to_o merchant_n to_o have_v their_o â—hips_n sometime_o man_v and_o unmanned_v two_o or_o three_o time_n in_o a_o voyage_n before_o they_o can_v get_v they_o clear_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o holland_n 4_o the_o general_a rule_n to_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 1._o be_v in_o a_o good_a condition_n of_o strength_n at_o home_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o navy_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o military_a preparation_n for_o defence_n and_o offence_n upon_o just_a occasion_n give_v will_v render_v we_o wise_a and_o honourable_a in_o the_o esteem_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o consequent_o oblige_v they_o not_o only_o to_o admit_v we_o the_o freedom_n of_o trade_n with_o they_o but_o the_o better_a term_n for_o and_o countenance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o trade_n 2._o to_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o to_o trade_n with_o we_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v they_o at_o as_o cheap_a or_o cheap_a rate_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n can_v or_o do_v and_o this_o i_o affirm_v can_v never_o be_v do_v without_o subdue_a usury_n especial_o and_o do_v those_o other_o thing_n beforementioned_a that_o will_v conduce_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o hand_n and_o stock_n for_o our_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o sell_v our_o neighbour_n cheap_a than_o other_o must_v be_v when_o it_o be_v principal_o a_o effect_n of_o many_o hand_n and_o much_o stock_n objection_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v how_o shall_v we_o profit_v by_o this_o rule_n of_o sell_v cheap_a to_o foreigner_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o way_n to_o riches_n viz._n to_o sell_v dear_a and_o buy_v cheap_a answ._n i_o answer_v in_o a_o strict_a sense_n it_o may_v be_v so_o for_o the_o private_a merchant_n but_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o be_o design_v how_o our_o public_a national_a trade_n may_v be_v so_o manage_v that_o other_o nation_n who_o be_v in_o competition_n with_o we_o for_o the_o same_o may_v not_o wrest_v it_o from_o we_o but_o that_o we_o may_v continue_v and_o increase_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o they_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o to_o wage_v with_o we_o we_o may_v as_o the_o proverb_n say_v make_v our_o own_o market_n but_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v that_o all_o the_o world_n be_v strive_v to_o engross_v all_o the_o trade_n they_o can_v that_o other_o proverb_n be_v very_o true_a and_o applicable_a all_o covet_v all_o lose_v 3._o the_o well_o contrivement_n and_o management_n of_o foreign_a treaty_n may_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o at_o least_o to_o the_o convince_a of_o foreign_a prince_n wherein_o and_o how_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o 4._o public_a justice_n and_o honesty_n will_v make_v it_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o that_o be_v that_o when_o any_o commodity_n pass_v under_o a_o public_a common_a seal_n which_o be_v in_o a_o kind_a the_o public_a faith_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o may_v be_v exact_a in_o length_n breadth_n and_o nature_n according_a to_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o their_o seal_n the_o like_a care_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o true_a pack_v of_o our_o herring_n and_o pilchard_n former_o mention_v 5._o if_o we_o will_v engage_v other_o nation_n to_o trade_n with_o we_o we_o must_v receive_v from_o they_o the_o fruit_n and_o commodity_n of_o their_o country_n as_o well_o as_o send_v they_o we_o but_o it_o be_v our_o interest_n by_o example_n and_o other_o mean_n not_o distasteful_a above_o all_o kind_n of_o commodity_n to_o prevent_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v the_o importation_n of_o foreign_a manufacture_n 6._o the_o venetian_n be_v a_o people_n that_o take_v from_o we_o very_o little_a of_o our_o manufacture_n have_v prohibit_v our_o
or_o 400_o ship_n load_v of_o timber_n and_o other_o wooden_a commodity_n 4_o thly_a the_o sweede_n will_v have_v a_o apparent_a benefit_n by_o it_o by_o turn_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o stream_n of_o our_o trade_n for_o those_o commodity_n to_o gottenborrow_n and_o divers_a other_o part_n of_o sweeden_n that_o be_v late_o open_v and_o now_o open_v where_o very_o large_a quantity_n of_o timber_n mast_n and_o board_n likewise_o may_v be_v have_v though_o some_o small_a matter_n dear_a than_o in_o norway_n beside_o if_o the_o sweede_n shall_v expect_v no_o advantage_n but_o rather_o loss_n by_o such_o amendment_n of_o our_o own_o law_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o be_v angry_a because_o they_o have_v late_o make_v so_o many_o law_n for_o encouragement_n of_o their_o own_o ship_n and_o navigation_n and_o consequent_o discouragement_n of_o we_o that_o do_v in_o effect_n amount_v to_o a_o prohibition_n of_o the_o english_a from_o send_v their_o own_o manufacture_n to_o sweeden_n in_o english_a ship_n insomuch_o that_o the_o english_a merchant_n when_o sweedish_a ship_n do_v not_o present_a be_v force_v many_o time_n to_o send_v their_o good_n to_o elsâ—nore_n to_o lie_v there_o till_o a_o sweedish_a ship_n come_v by_o to_o put_v they_o aboard_o of_o and_o pay_v their_o factoridge_n and_o other_o charge_n because_o if_o they_o shall_v send_v they_o on_o english_a ship_n the_o duty_n be_v so_o high_a in_o sweeden_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o to_o make_v their_o first_o cost_n of_o they_o 5_o thly_a the_o easterlin_n or_o hans-town_n though_o they_o be_v exclude_v this_o trade_n for_o england_n with_o their_o ship_n whereof_o they_o have_v little_a the_o great_a share_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o dane_n will_v be_v gainer_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o trade_n with_o they_o for_o board_n timber_n spruce_n deal_v etc._n etc._n at_o dantzick_n quinsborough_n and_o other_o place_n which_o will_v be_v very_o considerable_a in_o case_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n shall_v impose_v any_o considerable_a extraordinary_a tribute_n on_o our_o ship_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o three_o objection_n object_n 3._o if_o this_o be_v do_v will_v not_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n lay_v a_o great_a imposition_n upon_o all_o our_o ship_n that_o trade_n into_o his_o dominion_n and_o also_o upon_o our_o drapery_n and_o other_o native_a english_a commodity_n i_o answer_v that_o whatever_o that_o king_n may_v do_v at_o first_o i_o be_o persuade_v after_o he_o have_v consider_v of_o it_o he_o will_v be_v moderate_a in_o his_o imposition_n because_o he_o can_v hurt_v none_o but_o himself_o by_o make_v they_o great_a for_o as_o to_o drapery_n and_o other_o english_a good_n his_o country_n spend_v none_o worth_a speak_v of_o and_o that_o charge_v with_o about_o 30_o or_o 40_o per_fw-la cent_z custom_n already_o nine_o ten_o of_o all_o the_o timber_n and_o board_n we_o fetch_v from_o thence_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n purchase_v with_o ready_a dollar_n send_v from_o england_n and_o holland_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v by_o a_o great_a imposition_n total_o discourage_v we_o from_o trade_v with_o his_o people_n we_o shall_v lay_v out_o that_o money_n with_o the_o sweede_n hamburger_n danzicker_n and_o other_o where_o we_o may_v have_v sufficient_a supply_n while_o the_o dane_n will_v be_v exceed_o burden_a with_o the_o lie_v of_o their_o good_n upon_o their_o hand_n there_o be_v in_o norway_n great_a quantity_n of_o good_n viz._n the_o course_n hemlock_n timber_n common_o bring_v from_o larwick_n tunsberry_n sandyford_n oskestrand_n hollumstrand_n and_o many_o other_o part_n which_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n trade_v with_o they_o for_o or_o will_v buy_v or_o use_v but_o the_o english_a only_o chap._n v._o concern_v transferrance_n of_o debt_n the_o great_a advantage_n that_o will_v accrue_v to_o this_o kingdom_n by_o a_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n from_o one_o person_n to_o another_o be_v sufficient_o understand_v by_o most_o man_n especial_o by_o merchant_n the_o difficulty_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v so_o much_o in_o make_v of_o a_o law_n to_o this_o purpose_n as_o reduce_v it_o to_o practice_n because_o we_o have_v be_v so_o long_o accustom_v to_o buy_v and_o sell_v good_n by_o verbal_a contract_n only_o that_o rich_a and_o great_a man_n for_o some_o time_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v it_o a_o diminution_n of_o their_o reputation_n to_o have_v bill_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n demand_v of_o they_o for_o good_n buy_v and_o mean_a man_n will_v fear_v the_o lose_n of_o their_o customer_n by_o insist_v upon_o have_v such_o bill_n for_o what_o they_o sell_v which_o inconveniency_n probable_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o the_o good_a hope_v for_o full_o attain_v if_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n native_a and_o foreign_a body_n politic_a and_o corporate_a be_v or_o inhabit_v within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o dominion_n of_o wales_n who_o from_o and_o after_o the_o day_n of_o shall_v buy_v and_o receive_v any_o ware_n good_n and_o merchandise_n from_o any_o other_o shall_v immediate_o on_o receipt_n thereof_o in_o case_n ready_a money_n be_v not_o pay_v for_o the_o same_o give_v unto_o he_o or_o they_o of_o who_o such_o good_n ware_n and_o merchandise_n shall_v be_v buy_v or_o to_o he_o and_o their_o use_n a_o bill_n or_o write_v obligatory_a under_o the_o hand_n or_o seal_n of_o he_o or_o they_o so_o buy_v the_o same_o which_o shall_v mention_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o the_o neat_a sum_n of_o money_n with_o the_o time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n agree_v upon_o 2._o that_o all_o person_n etc._n etc._n may_v transfer_v the_o say_a bill_n under_o their_o hand_n to_o any_o other_o by_o a_o short_a assignation_n on_o the_o back_n side_n 3._o that_o every_o such_o assignee_n may_v re-assign_a toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la 4._o after_o such_o assignment_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o assignor_n to_o make_v void_a release_v or_o discharge_v the_o debt_n 5._o no_o debt_n after_o assignment_n to_o be_v liable_a to_o any_o attachment_n execution_n statute_n or_o commission_n of_o bankrupt_a or_o other_o demand_n as_o the_o estate_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o assign_v the_o same_o 6._o that_o each_o assignment_n shall_v absolute_o vest_n the_o property_n into_o the_o assignee_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n 7._o that_o such_o assignment_n be_v receive_v and_o receipt_n or_o discharge_v give_v for_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v deem_v good_a payment_n 8._o that_o all_o good_n sell_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o which_o no_o such_o bill_n or_o write_v obligatory_a shall_v be_v give_v or_o tender_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o seller_n or_o seller_n thereof_o or_o to_o he_o or_o their_o use_n shall_v be_v deem_v and_o construe_v to_o all_o intent_n and_o purposeâ—_n in_o the_o law_n as_o if_o the_o same_o have_v be_v contract_v for_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n any_o concession_n or_o verbal_a agreement_n between_o the_o say_a party_n to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o this_o clause_n i_o hope_v may_v be_v effectual_a to_o initiate_v we_o to_o a_o practice_n and_o observance_n of_o such_o a_o law_n 6._o that_o the_o first_o assignment_n of_o any_o such_o bill_n or_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v to_o this_o or_o the_o like_a ffect_n i_o a._n b._n do_v engage_v and_o attest_v that_o the_o debt_n within_o mention_v be_v a_o true_a debt_n and_o no_o part_n of_o it_o pay_v to_o i_o or_o to_o my_o use_n or_o discharge_v by_o i_o and_o i_o do_v hereby_o assign_v over_o the_o same_o to_o c._n d._n for_o his_o own_o account_n 10._o and_o that_o the_o second_o and_o all_o other_o after_o assignation_n upon_o any_o such_o bill_n shall_v be_v to_o this_o or_o the_o like_a effect_n viz._n i_o a._n b._n do_v attest_v that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o within-mentioned_n debt_n be_v pay_v to_o i_o or_o my_o use_n or_o discharge_v by_o i_o and_o i_o do_v hereby_o transfer_v the_o same_o to_o c._n d._n the_o objection_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o to_o the_o make_v such_o a_o law_n be_v viz._n object_n 1._o this_o will_v be_v repugnant_a to_o our_o common_a law_n and_o some_o statute_n viz._n maintenance_n champarty_n bankrupt_a etc._n etc._n 1._o i_o answer_v not_o so_o repugnant_a as_o at_o first_o view_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v for_o though_o by_o our_o law_n at_o present_a bond_n and_o bill_n can_v be_v assign_v mortgage_n which_o be_v but_o another_o kind_n of_o security_n for_o money_n lend_v may_v be_v assign_v 2._o if_o any_o law_n at_o present_a be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o nation_n and_o if_o the_o make_n of_o such_o a_o new_a law_n will_v effectual_o increase_v
the_o useful_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n and_o great_o â—ase_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n as_o i_o humble_o conceive_v this_o will_v do_v i_o hope_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o it_o may_v consist_v with_o the_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n to_o create_v new_a law_n 3._o most_o of_o our_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o time_n before_o we_o understand_v trade_n in_o england_n and_o the_o same_o policy_n and_o law_n that_o be_v good_a then_o and_o may_v yet_o be_v good_a for_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o commerce_n may_v not_o be_v so_o fit_a for_o we_o now_o nor_o for_o any_o nation_n so_o abound_v with_o trade_n as_o england_n do_v at_o present_a object_n 2._o may_v not_o this_o occasion_n many_o cheat_n and_o law_n suit_v answ._n 1._o i_o answer_v no_o experience_n manifest_v the_o contrary_a not_o only_o in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n abroad_o where_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v in_o use_n but_o even_o in_o our_o own_o where_o we_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v the_o experience_n of_o endorsement_n on_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o in_o this_o present_a age_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o goldsmith_n note_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o which_o two_o practice_n be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o design_a way_n of_o transfer_v bill_n of_o debt_n and_o yet_o no_o considerable_a cheat_n or_o inconvenience_n have_v arisen_a thereby_o answ._n 2._o no_o man_n can_v be_v cheat_v except_o it_o be_v with_o his_o own_o consent_n and_o we_o common_o say_v caveat_n emptor_n no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v force_v to_o accept_v another_o bill_n that_o himself_o do_v not_o approve_v of_o and_o no_o man_n will_v accept_v of_o another_o man_n bill_n except_o he_o know_v he_o or_o until_o he_o have_v use_v mean_n to_o satisfy_v himself_o concern_v he_o no_o more_o than_o he_o will_v sell_v his_o good_n to_o a_o stranger_n unless_o he_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o believe_v he_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v he_o object_n 3._o will_v not_o such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o be_v very_o troublesome_a especial_o in_o fair_n and_o market_n and_o also_o to_o gentleman_n and_o lady_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v force_v for_o all_o good_n they_o buy_v above_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n to_o give_v bill_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n i_o answer_v this_o law_n will_v not_o at_o all_o incomode_fw-fr gentleman_n as_o to_o what_o they_o buy_v in_o shop_n etc._n etc._n neither_o those_o that_o converse_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n for_o that_o which_o gentleman_n buy_v in_o shop_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o in_o fair_n etc._n etc._n they_o either_o pay_v or_o promise_v ready_a money_n or_o else_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o time_n or_o payment_n which_o the_o law_n understand_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o promise_n of_o present_a pay_n so_o that_o if_o they_o give_v no_o bill_n there_o be_v no_o penalty_n attend_v the_o neglect_n or_o refusal_n but_o only_o that_o the_o contract_n between_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n shall_v be_v presume_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v make_v for_o ready_a money_n chap._n vi_o concern_v a_o court_n merchant_n i_o have_v conceive_v great_a hope_n from_o the_o late_a most_o prudent_a and_o charitable_a institution_n of_o that_o judicature_n for_o determination_n of_o difference_n touch_v house_n burn_v by_o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n that_o this_o kingdom_n will_v at_o length_n be_v bless_v with_o a_o happy_a method_n for_o the_o speedy_a easy_a and_o cheap_a decide_n of_o difference_n between_o merchant_n master_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n etc._n etc._n by_o some_o court_n or_o court_n of_o merchant_n like_o those_o which_o be_v establish_v in_o most_o of_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n in_o france_n holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o want_n whereof_o in_o england_n be_v and_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o great_a bar_n to_o the_o progress_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o merchant_n happen_v to_o have_v difference_n with_o master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n upon_o charter-party_n or_o account_n beyond_o sea_n etc._n etc._n the_o suit_n be_v common_o first_o commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n where_o after_o tedious_a attendance_n and_o vast_a expense_n probable_o just_a before_o the_o cause_n shall_v come_v to_o determination_n it_o be_v either_o remove_v into_o the_o deligate_n where_o it_o may_v hang_v in_o suspense_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v empty_a purse_n and_o grey_a head_n or_o else_o because_o most_o contract_n for_o martain_n affair_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o most_o accident_n happen_v in_o some_o river_n or_o harbour_n here_o or_o beyond_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o defendant_n bring_v his_o writ_n of_o prohibition_n and_o remove_v the_o cause_n into_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o king's-bench_n where_o after_o great_a expense_n of_o time_n and_o money_n it_o be_v well_o if_o we_o can_v make_v our_o own_o council_n be_v common_a lawyer_n understand_v one_o half_a of_o our_o case_n we_o be_v among_o they_o as_o in_o a_o foreign_a country_n our_o language_n strange_a to_o they_o and_o they_o as_o strange_a to_o we_o after_o all_o no_o attestation_n of_o foreign_a notary_n nor_o other_o public_a instrument_n from_o beyond_o sea_n be_v evidence_n at_o law_n and_o the_o account_n depend_v consist_v perhaps_o of_o a_o hundred_o or_o more_o several_a article_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o issue_n at_o law_n the_o cause_n must_v come_v into_o the_o chancery_n where_o after_o many_o year_n tedious_a travel_n to_o westminster_n with_o black_a box_n and_o green_a bag_n when_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v tire_v their_o body_n distract_v their_o mind_n and_o consume_v their_o estate_n the_o cause_n if_o ever_o it_o be_v end_v be_v common_o by_o order_n of_o that_o court_n refer_v to_o merchant_n end_v miserable_o where_o it_o may_v have_v have_v at_o first_o a_o happy_a issue_n if_o it_o have_v begin_v right_o from_o whence_o follow_v these_o national_a inconvenience_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o vast_a expense_n to_o the_o person_n concern_v 2._o it_o take_v off_o man_n from_o follow_v their_o calling_n to_o the_o public_a loss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a damage_n of_o the_o concern_v that_o time_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o law-suit_n 3._o it_o make_v man_n after_o they_o have_v once_o attain_v indifferent_a estate_n to_o leave_v trading_n and_o for_o ease_n to_o turn_v country-gentleman_n whereas_o great_a and_o experience_a man_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o must_v mate_v the_o dutch_a in_o trade_n if_o ever_o we_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o prodigality_n idleness_n and_o injustice_n of_o many_o of_o our_o master_n of_o ship_n in_o england_n and_o consequent_o a_o wonderful_a bar_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n who_o know_v that_o their_o owner_n can_v legal_o eject_v they_o especial_o if_o the_o master_n have_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n himself_o but_o that_o remedy_n to_o the_o owner_n will_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n which_o occasion_n master_n to_o presume_v to_o do_v those_o thing_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o such_o neglect_v as_o natural_o they_o will_v not_o if_o they_o stand_v more_o upon_o their_o good_a behaviour_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o of_o the_o damage_n this_o nation_n sustain_v by_o the_o want_n of_o a_o law-merchant_n but_o that_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n experience_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o proceed_v humble_o to_o propose_v some_o particular_n which_o be_v due_o consider_v may_v peradventure_o by_o wise_a head_n be_v improve_v towards_o the_o cure_n of_o this_o evil_a viz._n 1._o that_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v erect_v within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n a_o stand_a court-merchant_n to_o consist_v of_o twelve_o able_a merchant_n such_o as_o shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o livery_n man_n of_o the_o say_a city_n in_o their_o common_a hall_n at_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n herein_o after_o limit_v and_o appoint_v 2._o that_o the_o say_v twelve_o person_n so_o to_o be_v elect_v or_o any_o three_o or_o more_o of_o they_o sit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n and_o not_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v account_v judiciary_n merchant_n and_o authorize_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o difference_n and_o demand_n whatsoever_o which_o have_v arisen_a and_o be_v not_o hitherto_o determine_v or_o may_v any_o way_n arise_v between_o merchant_n tradesman_n artificer_n master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n seaman_n boat-man_n and_o freighter_n of_o ship_n or_o any_o other_o person_n have_v relation_n to_o merchandize_v trade_n or_o ship_n for_o or_o concern_v any_o