money_n that_o be_v in_o weighty_a standard_n money_n but_o in_o clip_v and_o counterfeit_a money_n whereof_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n be_v not_o of_o the_o true_a nor_o esteem_a value_n of_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n and_o as_o we_o ourselves_o grow_v sensible_a of_o the_o want_n of_o value_n in_o the_o money_n that_o pass_v so_o do_v foreigner_n likewise_o and_o the_o foreign_a exchange_n soon_o alter_v according_o so_o that_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o bullion_n be_v advance_v much_o or_o that_o gold_n be_v advance_v much_o or_o that_o commodity_n be_v advance_v much_o but_o that_o the_o money_n that_o be_v exchange_v for_o they_o be_v of_o much_o less_o value_n than_o it_o be_v and_o the_o new_a coin_n of_o our_o money_n will_v not_o as_o i_o apprehend_v alter_v the_o value_n of_o bullion_n gold_n etc._n etc._n but_o will_v bring_v silver_n in_o coin_n to_o its_o due_a value_n the_o author_n before_o he_o conclude_v his_o first_o reason_n mention_n a_o suggestion_n that_o have_v be_v make_v by_o some_o man_n that_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o our_o coin_n or_o continue_v it_o on_o the_o present_a foot_n will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o that_o i_o confess_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n but_o do_v not_o think_v that_o those_o gentleman_n mean_v thereby_o as_o the_o author_n suppose_v that_o silver_n in_o bullion_n will_v always_o during_o this_o war_n be_v dear_a than_o silver_n in_o coin_n because_o of_o the_o necessity_n to_o export_v it_o for_o the_o foreign_a expense_n of_o the_o war_n and_o to_o answer_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n occasion_v by_o the_o interruption_n of_o our_o navigation_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o these_o gentleman_n mean_v at_o least_o i_o do_v that_o the_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o denomination_n will_v not_o answer_v any_o of_o the_o purpose_v the_o author_n intend_v and_o will_v only_o injure_v some_o man_n to_o advantage_v some_o other_o whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o benefit_n will_v accrue_v to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n in_o particular_a which_o i_o shall_v consider_v by_o and_o by_o and_o also_o examine_v the_o reason_n the_o author_n offer_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o say_a suggestion_n 82._o after_o i_o have_v go_v through_o his_o general_a reason_n for_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o denomination_n of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v that_o it_o will_v encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v 82._o wherein_o i_o must_v also_o crave_v leave_n to_o differ_v for_o a_o crown_n new_o coin_v though_o call_v six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n will_v have_v no_o more_o silver_n or_o intrinsic_a value_n in_o it_o than_o a_o old_a crown_n not_o diminish_v and_o will_v exchange_v for_o no_o more_o of_o any_o other_o commodity_n nor_o for_o more_o bullion_n than_o now_o it_o will_n if_o the_o money_n be_v all_o new_a coin_v and_o a_o crown_n go_v for_o 5_o s._n as_o now_o then_o will_v bullion_n present_o fall_v to_o about_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n a_o ounce_n as_o former_o and_o the_o exchange_n for_o holland_n rise_v to_o its_o former_a height_n or_o near_o it_o and_o if_o you_o call_v the_o crown_n so_o new_o coin_v 6_o s._n 3_o d._n bullion_n will_v remain_v about_o the_o price_n it_o do_v and_o the_o exchange_n for_o holland_n also_o and_o if_o you_o give_v the_o new_a coin_v crown_n the_o denomination_n of_o ten_o shilling_n bullion_n will_v also_o immediate_o be_v worth_a about_o ten_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n so_o that_o none_o will_v have_v any_o more_o advantage_n by_o have_v their_o silver_n coin_v on_o that_o score_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o if_o that_o be_v likely_a to_o increase_v the_o coin_n of_o bullion_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o crown_n piece_v rather_o be_v call_v ten_o shilling_n then_o six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n it_o can_v only_o be_v say_v the_o loss_n of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o receive_v money_n due_a will_v be_v the_o great_a but_o the_o same_o argument_n hold_v against_o raise_v it_o to_o six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n for_o wrong_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v in_o any_o proportion_n the_o author_n three_o reason_n for_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n which_o be_v in_o truth_n only_o raise_v the_o denomination_n of_o it_o be_v to_o increase_v the_o species_n in_o tale_n 83._o but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o do_v that_o neither_o unless_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o coin_v ten_o thousand_o half-crown_n do_v increase_v the_o species_n in_o tale_n more_o than_o coin_v five_o thousand_o crown_n which_o i_o suppose_v will_v not_o be_v think_v and_o it_o seem_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o increase_v the_o coin_n in_o denomination_n only_o let_v it_o be_v in_o what_o proportion_n it_o will_v and_o no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v a_o half-yard_n to_o be_v call_v a_o yard_n will_v increase_v the_o quantity_n of_o cloth_n in_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v thereby_o for_o indeed_o money_n be_v only_o a_o measure_n for_o all_o commodity_n and_o the_o standard_n thereof_o be_v settle_v by_o which_o people_n have_v govern_v themselves_o in_o their_o contract_n and_o the_o alter_v the_o measure_n in_o any_o kind_n whether_o it_o be_v money_n length_n or_o weight_n be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v a_o wrong_a to_o those_o that_o be_v to_o receive_v a_o present_a though_o unjust_a advantage_n to_o those_o that_o be_v to_o pay_v and_o no_o benefit_n to_o the_o whole_a but_o this_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o to_o the_o four_o reason_n say_v 84._o that_o the_o old_a unclipt_a money_n ought_v to_o be_v raise_v in_o proportion_n now_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v such_o a_o alteration_n in_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o new_a coin_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v more_o reasonable_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o advantage_n by_o all_o the_o old_a money_n rather_o than_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n who_o have_v pick_v out_o the_o weighty_a money_n and_o lay_v by_o in_o hope_n of_o such_o a_o advantage_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o banker_n who_o may_v have_v usual_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n or_o more_o in_o cash_n and_o have_v in_o a_o little_a space_n it_o may_v be_v receive_v and_o pay_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n suppose_v he_o have_v cull_v out_o and_o lay_v by_o but_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n weighty_a money_n upon_o the_o propose_a alteration_n he_o get_v two_o thousand_o pound_n and_o so_o will_v every_o one_o get_v in_o proportion_n who_o have_v weighty_a money_n which_o he_o receive_v for_o other_o account_n and_o not_o for_o his_o own_o and_o it_o be_v a_o infallible_a rule_n that_o wherever_o some_o get_v without_o a_o real_a increase_n of_o the_o stock_n other_o must_v lose_v as_o in_o this_o case_n and_o the_o case_n of_o stock-jobbing_a wager_v lottery_n etc._n etc._n 85._o the_o five_o six_z and_o seven_o reason_n argue_v the_o conveniency_n of_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o a_o crown_n to_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n and_o of_o old_a unclipt_a money_n to_o the_o same_o value_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o propose_a alteration_n will_v yield_v advantage_n and_o answer_v the_o end_v design_v but_o contain_v no_o further_a argument_n to_o prove_v it_o i_o pass_v over_o and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v please_v to_o consider_v whether_o give_v the_o new_a crown_n the_o denomination_n of_o ten_o shilling_n as_o before_o hint_v will_v not_o better_o answer_v all_o the_o end_n of_o account_n computation_n etc._n etc._n the_o eight_o reason_n be_v take_v from_o the_o difficulty_n of_o amend_v the_o clip_v money_n 86._o without_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n because_o of_o the_o great_a deficiency_n of_o the_o silver_n clip_v away_o which_o upon_o recoin_v must_v necessary_o be_v bear_v one_o way_n or_o other_o now_o as_o to_o the_o loss_n by_o the_o 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will_v not_o be_v find_v reason_n sufficient_a to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o mischief_n where_o the_o matter_n be_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o will_v succeed_v or_o no._n the_o author_n second_o on_o a_o supposition_n that_o bullion_n in_o this_o case_n may_v advance_v further_o say_v that_o howover_v offender_n then_o will_v not_o have_v the_o same_o encouragement_n to_o melt_v down_o our_o coin_n because_o their_o profit_n on_o every_o raise_a crown_n must_v be_v less_o by_o fourteen_o penny_n half_a penny_n than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a upon_o a_o crown_n run_v in_o payment_n for_o five_o shilling_n only_o it_o be_v true_a if_o unclipt_a crown-piece_n go_v currant_n in_o payment_n as_o former_o and_o bullion_n sell_v for_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n there_o will_v be_v great_a gain_n in_o melt_v they_o down_o but_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o bullion_n rise_v in_o price_n any_o thing_n considerable_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o undervalue_n of_o the_o clip_a coin_n and_o forthwith_o some_o of_o the_o unclipt_a coin_n be_v melt_v down_o which_o yield_v some_o profit_n but_o not_o near_o the_o proportion_n of_o fourteen_o penny_n half_a penny_n in_o a_o crown_n indeed_o those_o who_o have_v keep_v unclipt_a or_o milled_a money_n till_o this_o time_n may_v make_v a_o advantage_n but_o it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o they_o may_v do_v if_o they_o have_v keep_v any_o other_o commodity_n which_o sell_v for_o more_o than_o it_o do_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o money_n commute_v for_o the_o same_o be_v of_o less_o value_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o measure_n be_v alter_v which_o show_v by_o the_o way_n that_o common_a consent_n ground_v upon_o reason_n and_o necessity_n in_o trade_n and_o deal_v be_v of_o more_o force_n than_o law_n and_o statute_n either_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n or_o interest_n of_o money_n but_o that_o by_o the_o by_o and_o to_o return_v you_o may_v now_o have_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o bullion_n for_o a_o five_o shilling_n piece_n unclipt_a as_o you_o shall_v have_v hereafter_o for_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o coin_n though_o you_o call_v it_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 10_o s._n or_o by_o any_o other_o denomination_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n be_v not_o now_o worth_a 6_o s._n 5_o d._n good_a weighty_a standard_n money_n but_o it_o be_v worth_a so_o much_o of_o the_o clip_v bad_a money_n which_o now_o go_v about_o which_o bad_a money_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v real_o fall_v in_o its_o value_n and_o not_o money_n of_o full_a weight_n or_o bullion_n rise_v and_o those_o that_o shall_v melt_v down_o money_n now_o can_v i_o think_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o get_v fourteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n a_o ounce_n by_o it_o because_o the_o good_a unclipt_a money_n do_v only_o retain_v its_o former_a value_n and_o the_o clip_a and_o bad_a money_n be_v less_o worth_a than_o it_o be_v by_o at_o least_o 30_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o the_o case_n be_v so_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v 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do_v except_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a variation_n which_o many_o sudden_a draft_n or_o remittance_n occasion_n and_o if_o guineas_n fall_v the_o exchange_n will_v rise_v in_o proportion_n and_o if_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v redress_v guineas_n will_v fall_v and_o there_o be_v no_o other_o design_n whatsoever_o can_v effect_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n for_o english_a standard_n silver_n and_o standard_n gold_n will_v always_o be_v of_o the_o same_o value_n in_o holland_n as_o the_o same_o standard_n silver_n and_o gold_n in_o england_n within_o 2_o 3_o 4_o to_z 6_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o thereabouts_o and_o that_o difference_n happen_v according_a to_o present_a occasion_n and_o the_o
some_o remark_n on_o a_o report_n contain_v a_o essay_n for_o the_o amendment_n of_o the_o silver_n coin_n make_v to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n commissioner_n of_o his_o majesty_n treasury_n by_o mr._n william_n lowndes_n secretary_n to_o the_o say_a lord_n commissioner_n london_n print_v for_o w._n whitlock_n near_o stationers-hall_n 1695._o some_z remark_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o clip_v and_o counterfeit_v the_o silver_n coin_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v a_o great_a and_o grow_a evil_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n and_o see_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o treasury_n have_v be_v please_v to_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o remedy_n thereof_o and_o in_o order_n to_o it_o have_v command_v mr._n lowndes_n to_o make_v a_o report_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o concern_v the_o same_o which_o be_v publish_v with_o a_o invitation_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n to_o other_o to_o communicate_v their_o thought_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o what_o i_o shall_v offer_v will_v be_v well_o receive_v both_o by_o their_o lordship_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o report_n although_o i_o happen_v in_o some_o thing_n to_o differ_v in_o my_o sentiment_n from_o the_o say_a author_n who_o report_n i_o be_o now_o about_o to_o consider_v and_o shall_v treat_v it_o not_o with_o heat_n as_o person_n common_o do_v who_o differ_v in_o opinion_n but_o with_o that_o respect_n which_o i_o real_o think_v it_o deserve_v the_o author_n must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a ingenuity_n and_o industry_n and_o in_o this_o elaborate_a treatise_n of_o coin_n now_o publish_v have_v give_v sufficient_a evidence_n of_o both_o and_o do_v great_a service_n but_o as_o the_o subject_n itself_o be_v as_o the_o author_n say_v very_o difficult_a and_o curious_a it_o give_v room_n and_o scope_n for_o a_o further_a discussion_n and_o in_o the_o do_v thereof_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o account_n in_o what_o i_o agree_v with_o the_o author_n and_o wherein_o i_o disagree_v give_v my_o reason_n for_o such_o disagreement_n and_o shall_v proceed_v as_o the_o matter_n lie_v in_o the_o report_n i_o be_o of_o the_o author_n opinion_n as_o to_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n sterling_n and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o historical_a account_n which_o he_o give_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o fine_a silver_n with_o the_o respective_a allay_v observe_v from_o time_n to_o time_n 27._o be_v exact_o true_a and_o of_o great_a use_n to_o be_v know_v i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o author_n 29._o that_o the_o present_a standard_n of_o fineness_n ought_v to_o be_v continue_v yet_o think_v that_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v against_o the_o debase_v of_o money_n be_v of_o equal_a force_n against_o alter_v the_o denomination_n or_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o money_n as_o he_o call_v it_o which_o i_o shall_v discuss_v more_o at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o must_v own_v that_o the_o great_a pain_n the_o author_n have_v take_v in_o examine_v and_o set_v down_o the_o several_a alteration_n make_v in_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n 56._o with_o respect_n to_o the_o weight_n and_o number_n of_o piece_n in_o a_o pound_n troy_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o difference_n in_o the_o allay_v deserve_v great_a commendation_n and_o have_v lay_v a_o very_a good_a foundation_n for_o the_o exact_a discuss_n of_o this_o matter_n the_o observation_n the_o author_n make_v from_o the_o say_a deduction_n of_o the_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o coin_n be_v that_o such_o alteration_n have_v be_v practise_v as_o any_o exigence_n or_o occasion_n have_v require_v and_o that_o no_o inconvenience_n disgrace_n or_o mischief_n have_v ensue_v by_o the_o do_v thereof_o but_o that_o all_o project_n for_o debase_v money_n be_v dangerous_a dishonourable_a and_o needless_a and_o so_o come_v to_o establish_v a_o hypothesis_n that_o make_v the_o piece_n less_o or_o ordain_v the_o respective_a piece_n of_o the_o present_a weight_n to_o be_v currant_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n may_v equal_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n to_o which_o hypothesis_n i_o exact_o agree_v but_o the_o chief_a thing_n will_v want_v to_o be_v prove_v viz._n that_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o will_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n upon_o which_o the_o stress_n of_o the_o question_n depend_v and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n neither_o will_n for_o reason_n which_o will_v afterward_o appear_v indeed_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o either_o will_v raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n 61._o the_o manner_n the_o author_n propose_v may_v do_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o lessen_v the_o piece_n one_o five_o part_n will_v be_v more_o natural_a and_o easy_a in_o account_n and_o better_o corespond_v with_o the_o present_a kind_n of_o money_n common_o use_v but_o because_o i_o can_v grant_v it_o i_o come_v to_o examine_v the_o author_n reason_n for_o such_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o the_o first_o be_v 68_o because_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n be_v rise_v and_o that_o whensoever_o the_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n in_o bullion_n the_o coin_n have_v be_v and_o will_v be_v melt_v down_o so_o that_o the_o author_n conceive_v that_o give_v a_o high_a denomination_n to_o a_o crown_n piece_n will_v prevent_v its_o be_v melt_v down_o wherein_o i_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o differ_v from_o he_o in_o opinion_n and_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o evince_v that_o the_o value_n of_o pure_a silver_n in_o the_o coin_n be_v and_o always_o be_v and_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o value_n of_o pure_a silver_n in_o bullion_n or_o very_o near_o there_o often_o happen_v some_o small_a difference_n by_o the_o charge_n of_o coin_v on_o one_o hand_n or_o by_o a_o present_a occasion_n for_o exportation_n of_o bullion_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n which_o cause_v the_o value_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o to_o vary_v a_o small_a matter_n but_o never_o considerable_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n uncoined_a can_v be_v less_o worth_a than_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n coin_v by_o more_o than_o the_o charge_n of_o coinage_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o money_n while_o it_o be_v coin_v and_o the_o trouble_n of_o carry_v and_o fetch_v neither_o can_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n coin_v at_o any_o time_n be_v less_o worth_a than_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n uncoined_a by_o more_o than_o the_o charge_n of_o melt_v down_o and_o a_o small_a matter_n for_o the_o hazard_n which_o will_v always_o be_v think_v small_a because_o it_o can_v be_v do_v private_o without_o a_o possibility_n of_o be_v discover_v but_o the_o author_n will_v say_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o bullion_n now_o be_v worth_a 6_o s._n 5_o d._n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o coin_n go_v but_o for_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n or_o thereabouts_o if_o that_o be_v so_o i_o confess_v my_o proposition_n will_v not_o hold_v but_o the_o case_n be_v thus_o it_o be_v true_a our_o great_a loss_n at_o sea_n and_o interruption_n of_o trade_n this_o war_n and_o the_o payment_n of_o our_o army_n abroad_o our_o exportation_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v and_o nothing_o can_v make_v that_o good_a but_o money_n or_o bullion_n this_o bring_v a_o necessity_n of_o our_o export_a bullion_n which_o by_o the_o great_a occasion_n there_o be_v for_o it_o advance_v the_o price_n a_o small_a matter_n but_o not_o considerable_a while_o there_o be_v any_o silver_n coin_v pass_v that_o have_v in_o a_o crown_n the_o value_n or_o weight_n of_o about_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v but_o when_o all_o this_o sort_n of_o money_n be_v go_v or_o withhold_v and_o the_o remain_a english_a coin_n be_v clip_v or_o counterfeit_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o the_o people_n can_v not_o distinguish_v the_o bad_a from_o the_o good_a and_o begin_v to_o think_v they_o may_v come_v to_o a_o loss_n by_o it_o in_o time_n they_o undervalue_v it_o or_o rather_o the_o say_a money_n in_o itself_o become_v less_o worth_a and_o the_o people_n choose_v rather_o to_o receive_v gold_n and_o so_o by_o degree_n as_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v diminish_v and_o debase_v in_o itself_o so_o it_o fall_v in_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o in_o proportion_n gold_n advance_v and_o also_o bullion_n that_o be_v not_o in_o itself_o but_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o bad_a money_n not_o that_o bullion_n become_v worth_a 6_o s._n 5_o d._n a_o ounce_n or_o gold_n 30_o s._n a_o guinea_n in_o good_a
charge_n of_o send_v it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o the_o exchange_n to_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n will_v always_o govern_v according_o the_o author_n say_v in_o the_o four_o place_n 73._o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o export_v bullion_n or_o coin_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o government_n or_o by_o public_a authority_n and_o such_o a_o exportation_n as_o proceed_v from_o the_o exorbitant_a profit_n of_o the_o melter_n but_o let_v the_o occasion_n be_v what_o it_o will_v either_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o government_n that_o be_v for_o pay_v our_o force_n abroad_o etc._n etc._n or_o for_o the_o pay_v what_o we_o owe_v by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n if_o we_o owe_v abroad_o more_o than_o our_o export_n in_o commodity_n can_v supply_v money_n or_o bullion_n must_v go_v and_o go_v it_o will_v till_o people_n be_v grow_v poor_a and_o then_o they_o will_v abate_v in_o their_o expense_n of_o foreign_a good_n and_o so_o the_o tide_n will_v turn_v again_o but_o we_o ought_v to_o husband_n our_o trade_n so_o as_o not_o to_o suffer_v that_o poverty_n to_o come_v upon_o we_o which_o will_v have_v a_o bad_a effect_n to_o weaken_v our_o hand_n and_o expose_v we_o to_o a_o more_o powerful_a enemy_n before_o the_o english_a coin_n be_v so_o clip_v and_o counterfeit_v as_o real_o to_o debase_v it_o in_o the_o esteem_n and_o value_v of_o the_o people_n and_o consequent_o of_o foreigner_n there_o be_v little_a profit_n make_v by_o melt_v down_o our_o heavy_a money_n as_o have_v be_v say_v but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o repeat_v some_o thing_n and_o bullion_n advance_v but_o little_a but_o when_o the_o money_n decline_v in_o its_o value_n in_o the_o common_a opinion_n than_o bullion_n advance_v and_o consequent_o gold_n and_o so_o likewise_o have_v all_o other_o commodity_n or_o rather_o they_o keep_v their_o old_a value_n and_o you_o must_v give_v more_o clip_v shilling_n and_o half_a crown_n to_o make_v up_o the_o value_n of_o a_o pound_n sterling_a than_o you_o do_v before_o and_o since_o that_o people_n have_v cull_v our_o their_o heavy_a money_n and_o can_v so_o true_o be_v say_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o melt_v they_o down_o that_o be_v those_o who_o receive_v and_o pay_v money_n only_o for_o their_o own_o account_n as_o to_o have_v hold_v their_o own_o while_o they_o and_o other_o have_v lose_v by_o the_o clip_a and_o bad_a money_n for_o suppose_v a_o man_n have_v now_o reserve_v a_o hundred_o weighty_a crown_n he_o melt_v these_o down_n into_o bullion_n which_o sell_v for_o 6._o s._n 5_o d._n a_o ounce_n this_o he_o receive_v in_o clip_v and_o bad_a money_n and_o with_o this_o he_o can_v buy_v no_o more_o necessary_n than_o he_o can_v before_o with_o his_o hundred_o crown_n where_o then_o be_v the_o gain_n it_o be_v true_a you_o will_v say_v if_o he_o owe_v money_n before_o on_o any_o contract_n or_o for_o rent_n he_o profit_v in_o the_o payment_n which_o be_v what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o those_o who_o be_v to_o receive_v money_n have_v sustain_v some_o present_a real_a loss_n which_o in_o case_n money_n shall_v be_v raise_v in_o their_o denomination_n they_o will_v continue_v to_o bear_v which_o seem_v not_o equal_a 74._o this_o the_o author_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o his_o five_o and_o last_o answer_n wherein_o what_o he_o say_v concern_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o silver_n arise_v thence_o be_v very_o true_a in_o the_o main_a though_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v not_o that_o which_o occasion_n the_o great_a fall_n in_o the_o exchange_n between_o holland_n and_o here_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v the_o badness_n of_o our_o silver_n coin_n now_o as_o to_o the_o loss_n which_o will_v happen_v in_o all_o rent_n and_o revenue_n public_a and_o private_a etc._n etc._n the_o author_n say_v the_o value_n of_o silver_n be_v rise_v and_o so_o person_n may_v purchase_v as_o much_o with_o a_o new_a crown_n call_v 6_o s._n 3_o d._n as_o they_o can_v with_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n of_o the_o clip_a money_n that_o pass_v now_o i_o agree_v they_o may_v do_v so_o but_o it_o be_v not_o that_o silver_n be_v rise_v so_o much_o but_o because_o our_o coin_n be_v fall_v in_o value_n or_o debase_v therefore_o silver_n seem_v to_o be_v rise_v when_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v not_o i_o mean_v in_o any_o great_a degree_n and_o the_o loss_n be_v that_o so_o much_o can_v be_v purchase_v now_o for_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n as_o may_v have_v be_v before_o the_o debase_v the_o money_n the_o price_n of_o silver_n be_v what_o it_o be_v worth_a in_o good_a weighty_a standard_n money_n not_o what_o be_v it_o worth_a in_o bad_a for_o silver_n be_v now_o worth_a in_o holland_n not_o above_o 5_o s._n 3_o d._n a_o ounce_n and_o therefore_o as_o be_v beforesaid_a the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a fall_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o holland_n but_o the_o debase_v of_o our_o coin_n and_o if_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v some_o loss_n have_v already_o happen_v to_o particular_a person_n i_o think_v it_o be_v fit_a a_o stop_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o it_o and_o this_o can_v true_o be_v do_v but_o by_o new_a coin_v the_o money_n according_a to_o its_o old_a denomination_n and_o standard_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o say_v something_o particular_o concern_v the_o king_n revenue_n as_o the_o money_n common_o currant_n be_v debase_v and_o thereupon_o the_o exchange_n for_o holland_n proportionable_o fall_v the_o crown_n lose_v about_o one_o five_o part_n of_o all_o the_o money_n pay_v abroad_o to_o the_o army_n and_o also_o of_o all_o money_n expend_v here_o except_o wage_n to_o seaman_n and_o salary_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o civil_a list_n for_o that_o all_o the_o commodity_n both_o from_o abroad_o and_o those_o produce_v at_o home_n cost_v at_o least_o one_o five_o part_n more_o than_o they_o do_v and_o consequent_o five_o million_o now_o will_v go_v no_o further_o than_o four_o do_v before_o and_o the_o case_n will_v be_v the_o same_o if_o the_o crown_n be_v new_o coin_v and_o call_v or_o raise_v to_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n then_o whereas_o about_o five_o million_o a_o year_n have_v be_v think_v necessary_a for_o the_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n there_o must_v in_o such_o case_n be_v give_v six_o and_o the_o land_n which_o be_v before_o charge_v 4_o s._n in_o the_o pound_n must_v be_v in_o proportion_n charge_v 5_o s._n in_o the_o pound_n now_o but_o then_o consider_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o landlord_n in_o case_n of_o raise_v the_o crown_n to_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n he_o pay_v 5_o s._n out_o of_o 20_o s._n for_o 4_o s._n that_o he_o pay_v before_o and_o for_o 20_o s._n he_o receive_v or_o be_v to_o receive_v before_o he_o receive_v now_o but_o 16_o s._n that_o be_v although_o what_o he_o receive_v be_v call_v 20_o s._n yet_o it_o serve_v he_o but_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n that_o 16_o s._n do_v before_o have_v now_o do_v with_o these_o reason_n 90._o i_o pass_v to_o the_o author_n corrollary_n wherein_o he_o note_n that_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o silver_n in_o england_n and_o the_o loss_n by_o the_o foreign_a exchange_n the_o first_o be_v most_o certain_o true_a and_o as_o the_o author_n say_v whoever_o can_v propose_v a_o mean_n to_o convert_v it_o to_o our_o advantage_n ought_v well_o to_o be_v hear_v indeed_o necessity_n will_v enforce_v it_o ere_o long_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o exchange_n to_o holland_n etc._n etc._n where_o we_o give_v the_o certain_a sum_n and_o they_o in_o exchange_v the_o uncertain_a or_o its_o rise_n to_o other_o place_n where_o we_o give_v the_o uncertain_a sum_n and_o they_o the_o certain_a be_v not_o the_o scarcity_n of_o silver_n here_o for_o that_o will_v rather_o have_v just_a the_o contrary_a effect_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o badness_n of_o our_o present_a currant_n coin_n as_o have_v be_v before_o intimate_v which_o i_o own_o can_v be_v now_o remedy_v any_o other_o way_n but_o by_o new_a coin_v it_o the_o author_n second_o general_n head_n concern_v the_o present_a state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n on_o which_o the_o author_n discourse_v very_o ingenious_o and_o rational_o and_o i_o believe_v hit_v as_o near_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o any_o one_o can_v in_o fact_n that_o can_v only_o be_v estimate_v and_o guess_v at_o the_o author_n under_o his_o three_o head_n gives_z reason_n for_o the_o new_a coin_v all_o the_o money_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o wherein_o i_o perfect_o agree_v with_o he_o without_o enter_v into_o a_o consideration_n of_o all_o the_o reason_n particular_o only_o i_o shall_v add_v two_o which_o i_o think_v weighty_a the_o first_o be_v the_o present_a and_o continue_a loss_n till_o it_o be_v effect_v to_o those_o who_o receive_v rent_n and_o money_n upon_o former_a contract_n the_o other_o be_v the_o loss_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o money_n give_v for_o aid_n which_o can_v in_o no_o sort_n be_v compensated_a by_o the_o gain_n upon_o the_o money_n the_o crown_n shall_v at_o such_o time_n happen_v to_o have_v in_o cash_n 152._o the_o author_n in_o his_o four_o and_o five_o general_a head_n propose_v the_o mean_n and_o method_n for_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o silver_n coin_n and_o supply_v the_o commerce_n and_o pay_v tax_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n which_o i_o think_v in_o the_o general_n be_v admirable_o well_o contrive_v and_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v practicable_a as_o he_o propose_v it_o and_o if_o any_o difficulty_n shall_v arise_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v obviate_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v not_o enter_v into_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o particular_n but_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o author_n have_v take_v great_a pain_n and_o show_v great_a judgement_n and_o ingenuity_n in_o fix_v the_o method_n to_o render_v it_o practicable_a and_o i_o be_o sorry_a i_o be_o force_v to_o disagree_v with_o he_o about_o alter_v the_o denomination_n of_o the_o money_n when_o recoined_a i_o must_v also_o declare_v my_o thought_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o restrain_v the_o exportation_n of_o bullion_n or_o indeed_o of_o money_n itself_o to_o any_o certain_a quantity_n but_o to_o let_v it_o be_v entire_o free_a nor_o will_v i_o oblige_v vintner_n ale-house-keeper_n etc._n etc._n to_o bring_v in_o their_o plate_n to_o be_v coin_v the_o more_o plate_n and_o jewel_n in_o the_o nation_n the_o better_a and_o the_o great_a be_v its_o stock_n and_o riches_n and_o when_o those_o who_o have_v plate_n or_o jewel_n have_v occasion_n or_o be_v necessitate_v they_o will_v part_v with_o they_o without_o be_v compel_v and_o till_o than_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o it_o many_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o these_o position_n but_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o material_a now_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o one_o or_o two_o thing_n more_o the_o author_n think_v just_o that_o the_o debase_v of_o the_o coin_n that_o be_v the_o add_v a_o great_a alloy_n to_o the_o silver_n be_v dangerous_a and_o dishonourable_a and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o must_v be_v because_o there_o be_v a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n ordain_v to_o pass_v for_o the_o same_o value_n which_o before_o a_o great_a quantity_n do_v which_o be_v unjust_a to_o those_o who_o have_v money_n owe_v be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o public_a faith_n and_o therefore_o dishonourable_a and_o by_o consequence_n dangerous_a further_o the_o author_n own_v as_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o only_o the_o security_n of_o the_o trade_n and_o a_o overbalance_n by_o that_o can_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o silver_n and_o bullion_n in_o the_o nation_n wherefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o while_o there_o be_v occasion_n to_o pay_v more_o abroad_o than_o we_o receive_v from_o thence_o money_n and_o bullion_n will_v be_v send_v out_o so_o that_o if_o the_o money_n shall_v be_v new_o coin_v and_o trade_v not_o secure_v it_o will_v all_o present_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nation_n and_o call_v a_o crown_n by_o any_o other_o name_n whether_o it_o be_v 6_o s._n 3_o d._n 10_o s._n or_o 20_o s._n it_o will_v not_o at_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o keep_v either_o coin_n or_o bullion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o exchange_n will_v present_o alter_v in_o proportion_n i_o shall_v not_o add_v any_o further_a but_o humble_o submit_v what_o i_o have_v offer_v to_o consideration_n finis_fw-la advertisement_n there_o be_v new_o publish_v some_o thought_n concern_v the_o better_a security_n of_o our_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o france_n more_o effectual_o humble_o offer_v to_o consideration_n fol._n 19_o to_o 27._o 29._o fol._n 34_o to_o 56._o 61._o 68_o 72_o to_o 82._o 82._o 83._o 84._o 85._o 86._o 72._o 73._o 74._o 90._o 118._o 152._o