for_o their_o coin_n their_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o ounce_n weight_n and_o this_o be_v see_v practise_v in_o massa_n and_o other_o kingdom_n also_o thereabouts_o congo_n of_o lumache_n in_o congo_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n be_v take_v up_o along_o the_o seashore_n great_a store_n of_o shell_n fish_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a use_v in_o tombuto_n call_v lumache_n which_o they_o distinguish_v male_a and_o female_a the_o shell_n whereof_o be_v there_o account_v a_o coin_n and_o wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o buy_v both_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o with_o silver_n or_o gold_n either_o in_o mass_n or_o coin_n can_v they_o not_o buy_v any_o other_o thing_n needful_a whatsoever_o melinda_n of_o glass-bead_n in_o melinda_n in_o melinda_n they_o have_v little_a ball_n of_o glass_n in_o manner_n of_o our_o red_a bead_n which_o come_v to_o they_o from_o cambaia_n and_o other_o place_n and_o these_o be_v their_o coin_n and_o money_n and_o with_o they_o gold_n be_v neither_o find_v to_o be_v of_o account_n nor_o esteem_n cathay_n of_o salt_n and_o paper_n in_o cathay_n in_o some_o place_n of_o cathay_n their_o money_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o paper_n stamp_v and_o in_o some_o other_o salt_n bake_v into_o small_a cake_n for_o the_o excellent_a use_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o pass_v current_a as_o coin_n among_o they_o pegu._n of_o ganza_n in_o pegu._n in_o pegu_n their_o money_n be_v call_v ganza_n and_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n which_o every_o man_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n both_o coin_n and_o stamp_n that_o be_v able_a for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v account_v as_o a_o merchandise_n among_o they_o bengala_n of_o almond_n in_o bengala_n in_o bengala_n their_o small_a money_n be_v a_o fruit_n resemble_v the_o almond_n which_o pass_v current_n from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n sumatra_n of_o skull_n of_o dead_a man_n in_o sumatra_n and_o in_o the_o island_n sumatra_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n be_v account_v their_o great_a treasure_n with_o which_o they_o buy_v and_o barter_n and_o he_o be_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v the_o great_a number_n thereof_o in_o his_o house_n india_n of_o pepper_n and_o cocos_fw-la in_o india_n and_o last_o in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n they_o use_v pepper_n and_o cocos-nut_n in_o lieu_n of_o money_n and_o the_o same_o pass_v current_a for_o coin_n in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n and_o to_o conclude_v it_o may_v be_v observe_v throughout_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n that_o though_o silver_n and_o gold_n be_v not_o the_o metal_n general_o in_o use_n for_o the_o coin_n and_o stamp_v of_o money_n throughout_o all_o the_o world_n yet_o these_o other_o thing_n specify_v carry_v with_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n in_o these_o place_n the_o like_a efficacy_n and_o power_n name_n money_o call_v by_o three_o several_a name_n to_o proceed_v then_o budelius_n varro_n and_o sundry_a author_n write_v upon_o the_o original_n of_o money_n and_o upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o predominant_a point_n of_o traffic_n affirm_v that_o all_o coin_n in_o the_o general_n have_v be_v nominate_v by_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n 1._o moneta_n 2._o nummus_fw-la 3._o pecunia_n the_o reason_n give_v thereof_o be_v these_o moneta_n moneta_n first_o moneta_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v that_o name_n and_o be_v derive_v à _fw-la monendo_fw-la which_o be_v to_o admonish_v and_o warn_v the_o people_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n vel_fw-la nummi_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o of_o such_o a_o sign_n or_o mark_v impress_v thereupon_o thereby_o allude_v to_o the_o fay_n of_o christ_n matth._n 22._o where_o the_o pharisee_n bring_v he_o a_o penny_n he_o thereupon_o demand_v who_o image_n and_o superscription_n that_o be_v and_o they_o answer_v caesar_n then_o say_v he_o unto_o they_o give_v therefore_o to_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n and_o unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v god_n nummus_fw-la nummus_fw-la second_o nummus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o à _fw-la numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la numine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o ducat_n be_v say_v from_o ducatus_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v from_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o roman_a king_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o 1900_o year_n pass_v command_v money_n to_o be_v make_v whereof_o ever_o since_o after_o his_o name_n every_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v nummus_fw-la or_o again_o as_o some_o hold_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o nomos_n which_o signify_v a_o law_n and_o impli_v as_o much_o as_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o such_o a_o commonwealth_n have_v ordain_v money_n from_o who_o it_o have_v take_v a_o certain_a price_n and_o value_n pecunia_n pecunia_n three_o pecunia_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o ox_n wherein_o be_v say_v to_o consist_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o whereon_o the_o figure_n thereof_o be_v stamp_v and_o be_v constive_v to_o be_v all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n want_v the_o form_n of_o man_n and_o some_o hold_n that_o the_o name_n of_o money_n signify_v not_o only_a money_n number_v or_o tell_v but_o also_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o movable_a as_o immovable_a liquid_a as_o solid_a and_o in_o general_a all_o thing_n whatsoever_o man_n have_v upon_o earth_n from_o these_o three_o name_n and_o kind_n grow_v first_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o particular_a distinction_n and_o nomination_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o species_n as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o worth_n and_o esteem_n among_o they_o for_o they_o have_v then_o in_o use_n certain_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n denarii_fw-la denarii_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v in_o value_n ten_o piece_n of_o the_o copper_n it_o be_v call_v denarius_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a ten_o piece_n of_o silver_n the_o same_o be_v also_o call_v denarius_fw-la and_o thus_o for_o distinction_n sake_n other_o nation_n in_o their_o coin_n in_o after-age_n follow_v their_o example_n england_n easterling_n money_n of_o england_n and_o our_o english_a money_n come_v to_o have_v the_o appellation_n of_o sterling_n and_o to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n as_o some_o say_v from_o the_o easterlin_n that_o be_v in_o time_n past_o the_o master_n of_o our_o mint_n and_o the_o refiner_n of_o our_o coin_n which_o yet_o hold_v this_o name_n and_o by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v know_v throughout_o all_o europe_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n however_o coin_n and_o money_n come_v to_o have_v their_o original_n and_o name_n and_o however_o the_o same_o come_v to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o of_o what_o metal_n soever_o the_o same_o be_v in_o these_o day_n find_v to_o be_v make_v of_o and_o frame_v yet_o when_o once_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a magistrate_n crime_n coin_n debase_v or_o alter_v be_v a_o capital_a crime_n it_o be_v hold_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o all_o country_n either_o to_o deface_v mend_v alter_v or_o any_o way_n to_o debase_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o just_o the_o circumstance_n consider_v do_v the_o coin_n of_o prince_n current_n in_o all_o their_o country_n challenge_v a_o principal_a part_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o universal_a commerce_n of_o the_o world_n a_o table_n show_v the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower_n standard_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n and_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o several_a coin_n of_o foreign_a nation_n both_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o they_o be_v assay_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n june_n 1651._o the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n the_o weight_n by_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n the_o value_n intrinsic_a  _fw-fr oz._n dw_n  _fw-fr oz._n dw_n gr_n s._n d._n s._n d._n worse_a 0_o 10_o holland_n rix_n dollar_n 0_o 18_o 15_o 4_o 5â—_n 4_o 7â…›_n worse_o 2_o 3_o lion_n dollar_n 0_o 17_o 18½_n 3_o 7_o 3_o 8â—_n better_a 0_o 4½_n ducat_n of_o flanders_n 1_o 0_o 22_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o worse_a  _fw-fr 7â—_n rix_n dollar_n of_o the_o emper._n 0_o 18_o 15_o 4_o 6_o 4_o 7â—_n standard_n mexico_n ryal_n of_o eight_o 0_o 17_o 12_o 4_o 4½_n 4_o 6¼_n better_a 0_o 1_o sevil_n ryal_n of_o eight_o 0_o 17_o 12_o 4_o 4¾_n 4_o 6½_n worse_o 0_o 1_o old_a cardecus_fw-la 0_o 6_o 3½_n 1_o 6â…œ_n 1_o 7_o 0_o 0½_n french_a lewes_n of_o sixty_o soll_z 0_o 17_o 11_o 4_o 4¼_n 4_o 6â—_n 0_o 1_o old_a milre_a of_o portugal_n 0_o 14_o 4_o 3_o 6¾_n 3_o 8_o 0_o 1½_n st._n mark_v of_o venice_n
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lisborn_n the_o measure_n of_o grain_n rice_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n be_v call_v a_o medida_n be_v about_o a_o spâ—…_n high_a and_o half_a a_o finger_n broad_a 24_o whereof_o be_v account_v a_o maund_v maunds_z 20_o be_v account_v one_o candil_n which_o be_v about_o 14_o bushel_n english_a and_o by_o this_o measure_n they_o account_v their_o tonnage_n in_o ship_v yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o rice_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o fardo_n be_v round_o bundle_v wrap_v in_o straw_n and_o bind_v about_o with_o cord_n and_o these_o shall_v weigh_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n 3½_n maunds_z there_o be_v upon_o this_o coast_n a_o great_a trade_n in_o use_n for_o pearl_n which_o because_o it_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o this_o and_o other_o place_n of_o india_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a i_o shall_v show_v the_o manner_n thereof_o pearl_n the_o order_n how_o they_o fish_n and_o trade_n for_o pearl_n the_o fish_n for_o pearl_n begin_v yearly_a in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o continue_v but_o 50_o day_n but_o yet_o they_o fish_v not_o always_o in_o one_o place_n every_o year_n but_o change_v their_o place_n by_o certain_a appoint_v and_o settle_a order_n among_o the_o principal_a that_o have_v the_o oversight_n thereof_o now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o this_o fish_n draw_v near_o than_o they_o send_v very_o good_a divers_a that_o go_v purposely_o to_o discover_v where_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o oyster_n be_v under_o water_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n opposite_a to_o that_o place_n there_o they_o set_v up_o and_o plant_v a_o village_n with_o house_n and_o a_o bazaro_n or_o marketplace_n of_o stone_n and_o other_o material_n which_o stand_v as_o long_o as_o the_o fish_n time_n last_v and_o be_v for_o that_o time_n furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a which_o now_o and_o then_o happen_v to_o be_v near_o unto_o place_n inhabit_v and_o now_o and_o then_o afar_o off_o according_a to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o year_n fish_v the_o fisherman_n themselves_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n christian_n native_n of_o that_o country_n neither_o be_v any_o other_o debar_v from_o this_o fish_n that_o will_v pay_v a_o certain_a tribute_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o to_o the_o jesuit_n who_o have_v sundry_a church_n upon_o that_o coast_n now_o during_o the_o say_a fish_v there_o be_v always_o maintain_v three_o or_o four_o fast_n or_o galliots_n arm_v to_o defend_v the_o fisher_n from_o injury_n and_o rover_n the_o order_n of_o which_o fish_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v common_o three_o or_o four_o bark_n and_o their_o company_n that_o make_v consortship_n together_o much_o resemble_v our_o english_a pilot-boat_n have_v eight_o or_o ten_o man_n in_o a_o boat_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o go_v out_o together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o anchor_n in_o 15_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o this_o whole_a coast_n and_o be_v thus_o 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themselves_o one_o distant_a from_o another_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a long_a row_n of_o mount_n or_o heap_n of_o oyster_n which_o remain_v untouched_a until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o fish_n be_v end_v and_o at_o the_o end_n whereof_o every_o company_n sit_v down_o about_o their_o mount_n or_o heap_n and_o fall_v to_o open_v of_o they_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o do_v because_o that_o then_o they_o be_v both_o dry_a dead_a and_o brittle_a and_o if_o every_o oyster_n shall_v prove_v to_o have_v pearl_n in_o they_o it_o will_v prove_v a_o very_a good_a purchase_n unto_o they_o but_o many_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o pearl_n at_o all_o in_o they_o therefore_o when_o their_o fish_n be_v do_v they_o then_o perceive_v whether_o their_o say_a fish_n and_o gather_v prove_v good_a or_o bad_a now_o there_o be_v certain_a man_n expert_a in_o the_o choice_n and_o distinction_n of_o pearl_n which_o here_o they_o call_v chittini_fw-la which_o set_v and_o make_v the_o price_n of_o pearl_n according_a to_o their_o carract_n each_o carack_n be_v four_o grain_n and_o these_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o copper_n have_v hole_n therein_o of_o several_a greatness_n serve_v to_o distinguish_v the_o sort_n to_o which_o also_o they_o consider_v their_o beauty_n and_o goodness_n and_o then_o thereof_o make_v four_o several_a sort_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o round_a pearl_n which_o they_o call_v aia_n or_o unia_fw-la of_o portugal_n because_o the_o portugal_n by_o they_o the_o second_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o round_o be_v call_v aia_n of_o bengala_n the_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o second_o they_o call_v aia_n of_o canora_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bisnagar_n the_o four_o and_o last_o and_o
these_o be_v only_a worth_n the_o mention_v as_o to_o our_o business_n of_o trade_n chap._n cxliv_o of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n milan_n dukedom_n of_o milan_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o spaniard_n be_v rich_a in_o nature_n gift_n as_o esteem_v the_o garden_n of_o italy_n afford_v plenty_n of_o corn_n rice_n wines_n oil_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n it_o have_v therein_o also_o many_o fair_a city_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v first_o milan_n the_o principal_a of_o the_o whole_a duchy_n second_o pavia_n three_o alexandria_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pallia_fw-la four_o cremona_n and_o five_o como_n of_o as_o many_o of_o which_o as_o be_v needful_a i_o shall_v touch_v the_o particular_n chap._n cxlv_o of_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o milan_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n and_o the_o great_a of_o lombardy_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v account_v impregnable_a it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o contain_v seven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n it_o be_v furnish_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n with_o many_o great_a merchant_n or_o rather_o as_o i_o may_v more_o proper_o call_v they_o shopkeeper_n abound_v in_o many_o rich_a manufacture_n of_o silk_n and_o iron_n for_o sword-blade_n for_o cannon_n musket_n and_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n as_o silk-stocking_n chamlet_n fustian_n gold-thread_n and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n here_o disperse_v into_o savoy_n france_n and_o other_o adjoin_a country_n milan_n account_n in_o milan_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o milan_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o liures_fw-fr sol_fw-it and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr which_o livre_fw-fr may_v be_v sterl_n 12_o penny_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o 280_o and_o 410_o chapter_n milan_n coin_n in_o milan_n the_o coin_n current_a in_o milan_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o milan_n be_v incirca_fw-la 100_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v worth_a about_o 96_o or_o 98_o sol._n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n italian_n be_v 5_o livre_n and_o 6_o sol_fw-mi imperial_a a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 5_o and_o 18_o sol_n be_v liures_fw-fr 6_o imperial_a a_o ducace_n imperial_a be_v esteem_v 4_o livre_n a_o ducat_n of_o milan_n or_o imperial_a of_o liures_fw-fr 4_o per_fw-la duc._n and_o so_o they_o count_v it_o in_o exchange_n the_o which_o they_o pay_v in_o crown_n of_o italy_n at_o 101_o sol_fw-la per_fw-la duc._n note_v that_o the_o crown_n in_o milan_n run_v in_o merchandise_n for_o sol_n 110_o and_o the_o ducat_n for_o the_o same_o note_v also_o that_o the_o imperial_a coin_n be_v the_o current_n of_o this_o country_n but_o french_a italian_a and_o spanish_a pass_v here_o also_o in_o merchandise_n as_o be_v place_v between_o the_o two_o former_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o last_o milan_n weight_n in_o milan_n the_o weight_n of_o milan_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venetia_n sotile_v 108_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 66_o  _fw-fr florentia_n 97_o  _fw-fr genova_n 106_o  _fw-fr lion_n 69_o  _fw-fr london_n 70_o  _fw-fr milan_n measure_n of_o milan_n in_o milan_n they_o have_v two_o brace_n the_o cloth_n and_o the_o silk_n upon_o the_o 100_o brace_n silk_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 43_o ells._n antwerp_n 72_o  _fw-fr frankfort_n 90_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 60_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 63_o  _fw-fr lion_n 44_o auln_n paris_n 41_o  _fw-fr genova_n 207_o palm_n roven_n 37_o auln_v lisbon_n 43_o var._n sevil_n 58_o  _fw-fr madera_n 44_o  _fw-fr venetia_n 78_o brac._n lucques_n 86_o  _fw-fr florence_n 88_o  _fw-fr milan_n exchange_n of_o milan_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o experience_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v trial_n herein_o far_o and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o cremona_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o general_a chapter_n thereof_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n viz._n 280_o and_o 410_o chapter_n chap._n clxvi_o of_o cremona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o cremona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o cremona_n be_v the_o second_o city_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o duchy_n which_o endeavour_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o imitate_v and_o second_v milan_n in_o her_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n gold-thread_n etc._n etc._n weight_n weight_n their_o common_a weight_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v by_o trial_n be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o venctia_n sotile_n 104_o l._n and_o by_o the_o gross_a of_o venetia_n 65_o in_o 66_o l._n in_o florence_n 86_o l._n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o florence_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o carigas_n 18_o thereof_o be_v 1000_o l._n venetia_n in_o oil_n carrigas_n 15_o be_v account_v for_o a_o 1000_o l._n of_o cheese_n in_o venetia_n carigas_fw-la 11_o be_v account_v of_o honey_n 8¼_n staios_n of_o venetia_n chap._n clxvii_o of_o como_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o como_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o como_n be_v make_v more_o famous_a by_o the_o lake_n whereon_o it_o be_v seat_v be_v 50_o mile_n about_o than_o by_o the_o trade_n thereof_o though_o it_o may_v well_o be_v imagine_v the_o same_o do_v add_v a_o good_a furtherance_n thereto_o by_o the_o benefit_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o and_o by_o transport_v ware_n to_o neighbour_a place_n seat_v thereabouts_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n thereof_o be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o produce_v in_o venice_n suttle_n 108_o and_o gross_a 67_o l._n which_o in_o london_n be_v 72_o l._n averdupois_n or_o thereabouts_o measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n account_v to_o be_v corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v here_o 14_o pesos_n and_o every_o peso_n be_v 10_o l._n at_o â—0_n ow_v per_fw-la l._n which_o in_o venetia_n be_v 378_o l._n suttle_n which_o be_v 305_o l._n gross_a so_o that_o the_o say_v 14_o pesos_n be_v in_o venetia_n 1â…›_n staios_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o do_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o proceed_v to_o mantua_n and_o the_o dukedom_n chap._n clxviii_o of_o mantua_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mantua_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mantua_n have_v some_o other_o city_n of_o quality_n subject_n thereto_o but_o be_v debar_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o environ_v with_o potent_a neighbour_n that_o hinder_v the_o commerce_n thereof_o i_o will_v therefore_o reduce_v what_o i_o have_v collect_v more-worthy_a to_o the_o city_n of_o mantua_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o strong_a town_n environ_v on_o three_o part_n with_o a_o lake_n of_o good_a breadth_n and_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n on_o the_o rest_n through_o this_o lake_n run_v a_o river_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o po_n which_o be_v a_o famous_a stream_n in_o these_o part_n and_o much_o enrich_v this_o country_n and_o further_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o duchy_n mantua_n commodity_n of_o mantua_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o dukedom_n be_v certain_a fabric_n of_o silk_n such_o as_o be_v taffetaes_n satin_n camlet_n water_v and_o the_o like_a mantua_n account_n in_o mantua_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr 5_o of_o which_o livre_n make_v a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n large_a 9_o 12_o sol_fw-la make_v a_o ducatoon_n of_o mantua_n or_o 115_o sol_n of_o milan_n which_o be_v account_v sterl_n mantua_n weight_n in_o mantua_n they_o weigh_v in_o mantua_n by_o a_o peso_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o 1000_o l._n 25_o l._n be_v the_o peso_fw-es and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n suttle_n 108_o l._n and_o venice_n gross_a 66â…”_n l._n in_o florence_n 98_o l._n and_o in_o london_n by_o observation_n of_o some_o 71_o l._n averdupois_n mantua_n measure_n in_o mantua_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n which_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o cloth_n brace_n of_o venice_n within_o a_o small_a matter_n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o staio_n 100_o whereof_o be_v in_o venetia_n 40_o staios_n and_o 1_o staios_n weigh_v about_o 80_o l._n of_o mantua_n weight_n fair._n aste_n a_o fair._n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v also_o aste_n where_o be_v yearly_o keep_v a_o great_a and_o notable_a fair_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n where_o many_o immunity_n be_v grant_v to_o merchant_n during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o say_v fair_a do_v continue_v and_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n and_o thus_o much_o i_o have_v observe_v of_o this_o duchy_n
city_n exchange_v and_o in_o what_o region_n or_o country_n seat_v second_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n wherein_o the_o account_n in_o that_o city_n be_v keep_v by_o exchanger_n three_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o money_n in_o use_n be_v observe_v and_o in_o what_o coin_n imaginary_a or_o real_a that_o city_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v its_o exchange_n with_o the_o other_o there_o mention_v four_o underneath_o that_o be_v orderly_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o other_o place_n the_o which_o by_o a_o line_n be_v find_v to_o be_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o and_o last_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o line_n be_v write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o city_n itself_o for_o which_o the_o say_a table_n in_o the_o say_a leaf_n be_v make_v as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o leaf_n which_o be_v for_o placentia_n in_o italy_n where_o beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v these_o word_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o the_o which_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o including_z line_n draw_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a have_v reference_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o place_n which_o be_v so_o include_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o reâ—e_n with_o genova_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n from_o one_o to_o another_o next_o to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a name_n of_o place_n follow_v the_o species_n or_o money_n exchange_v either_o by_o a_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o by_o a_o break_a and_o lesser_a denomination_n which_o the_o place_n in_o the_o table_n give_v in_o exchange_n by_o proportion_n with_o the_o other_o to_o who_o name_n the_o say_a money_n be_v place_v and_o put_v unto_o as_o to_o say_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n 100_o crown_n that_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o exchange_v between_o placentia_n and_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n be_v suppose_v and_o put_v by_o a_o equivalency_n or_o in_o value_n to_o that_o quantity_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v note_v in_o lion_n follow_v as_o in_o the_o say_a example_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o crown_n 97¾_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o say_a exchange_n that_o for_o every_o 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n or_o of_o fiera_n or_o of_o mark_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o lion_n counter-payeth_a or_o give_v 97¾_n of_o his_o crown_n that_o be_v of_o the_o sun_n also_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n crown_n 1._o for_o sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n it_o give_v or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o sell_v crownâ—_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o genova_n sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v lessen_v though_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n differ_v from_o the_o present_a rate_n yet_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v not_o any_o way_n lessen_v and_o whereas_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o these_o exchange_n may_v here_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v from_o the_o current_a rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o sundry_a place_n as_o at_o this_o very_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o that_o can_v take_v away_o the_o benefit_n that_o may_v redound_v to_o merchant_n by_o the_o use_n thereof_o nor_o prejudice_v the_o labour_n or_o judgement_n of_o he_o that_o calculate_v the_o say_a table_n because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n do_v hourly_o differ_v and_o the_o money_n also_o be_v find_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v daily_o in_o sundry_a place_n upon_o which_o these_o exchange_n have_v their_o ground_n work_v and_o foundation_n and_o though_o a_o table_n be_v calculate_v precise_o to_o this_o present_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o ever_o the_o same_o can_v be_v publish_v it_o will_v find_v a_o disagreement_n in_o divers_a place_n chap._n cclxxvi_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n example_n the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n by_o three_o example_n the_o method_n be_v thus_o understand_v the_o use_n thereof_o be_v easy_o comprehend_v which_o by_o three_o example_n i_o shall_v illustrate_v and_o make_v plain_a where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o exchange_v of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o the_o rate_n mention_v in_o this_o table_n be_v not_o observable_a save_v only_o for_o the_o example_n sake_n and_o for_o instruction_n in_o the_o contract_n that_o may_v be_v make_v thereupon_o but_o the_o rate_v agree_v upon_o and_o by_o which_o the_o exchange_n be_v condition_v by_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o taker_n be_v the_o true_a and_o firm_a rule_n whereby_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v example_n first_o example_n notwithstanding_o for_o the_o first_o example_n we_o will_v propound_v a_o question_n by_o a_o contract_a price_n according_a to_o the_o current_a rate_n mention_v in_o this_o say_a table_n and_o that_o from_o naples_n a_o merchant_n will_v exchange_v ducat_n 738._o 4._o 10._o with_o placentia_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n shuâ—_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o table_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o town_n of_o placentia_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n at_o grain_n 133_o for_o a_o crown_n by_o these_o three_o number_n in_o the_o table_n mention_v i_o work_v thus_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o thres_n say_v if_o 133_o grain_n give_v 1_o crown_n how_o many_o do_v 738_o ducat_n 4._o 10._o give_v and_o work_v arithmetical_o according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n it_o make_v 555_o crown_n 11._o 3._o of_o mark_n in_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v in_o â—…era_n of_o the_o say_v placentia_n example_n second_o example_n for_o a_o second_o example_n i_o will_v propound_v that_o naples_n will_v exchange_v 500_o ducat_n with_o placentia_n at_o sold._n 18._o 2_o d._n etc._n etc._n this_o example_n consider_v will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a save_v that_o in_o the_o former_a naples_n give_v the_o lesser_a or_o break_a number_n and_o in_o this_o naples_n give_v the_o whole_a and_o entire_a number_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o find_v to_o differ_v as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n in_o simple_a exchange_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sol._n 18._o and_o den._n 2._o of_o valentia_n be_v pay_v for_o 1_o ducat_n of_o naples_n and_o by_o that_o price_n and_o rate_n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o livre_n of_o that_o money_n of_o valentia_n the_o propose_a sum_n of_o 500_o ducat_n in_o naples_n come_v into_o and_o by_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o table_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o three_o i_o say_v if_o one_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 18_o sol._n 2_o den._n how_o many_o shall_v 500_o be_v worth_n and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o make_v 454_o liurâ—s_n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n will_v 500_o ducat_n of_o naples_n give_v at_o the_o price_n aforementioned_a thus_o example_n three_o example_n all_o other_o exchange_n have_v their_o resolution_n as_o these_o two_o former_a but_o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v true_a some_o accident_n may_v interpose_v which_o may_v cause_v the_o question_n to_o have_v a_o double_a work_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o genova_n will_v exchange_v with_o venetia_n crown_n 1000_o of_o liures_fw-fr 4._o to_o livre_n 7_o l._n 10_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n and_o the_o credit_n be_v require_v in_o ducat_n now_o then_o because_o the_o simple_a exchange_n give_v the_o money_n in_o livre_n you_o must_v make_v another_o reckon_n to_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o ducat_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o in_o any_o other_o case_n will_v i_o have_v but_o one_o account_n make_v the_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n multiply_v i_o say_v then_o if_o 1_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7._o 100_o den._n and_o that_o 6_o s._n 4_o den._n be_v worth_n one_o ducat_n how_o many_o ducat_n will_v a_o 1000_o crown_n make_v and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 1209_o ducat_n 13._o 6_o d._n for_o credit_n which_o from_o genova_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o thousand_o crown_n in_o venice_n the_o question_n be_v well_o observe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o money_n be_v account_v by_o livre_n sol_n and_o den._n or_o as_o we_o say_v in_o england_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n it_o be_v account_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o sol._n or_o shill_n 20_o
make_v a_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n and_o 12_o denier_n or_o pence_n make_v a_o soldo_n or_o shilling_n the_o same_o rule_n also_o hold_v in_o those_o place_n who_o great_a money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o feign_a or_o who_o keep_v not_o this_o orderly_a succession_n as_o be_v the_o ducat_n of_o catalonia_n of_o castilia_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o pertugal_n also_o those_o crown_n who_o have_v no_o proper_a part_n also_o the_o ducatoon_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o and_o the_o florm_n in_o germany_n all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o ought_v to_o succeed_v in_o 20_o and_o 12_o that_o be_v in_o sold_n and_o den._n or_o shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o each_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o property_n of_o that_o country_n and_o as_o shall_v be_v signify_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o that_o place_n among_o which_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v common_o resolve_v by_o the_o more_o principal_a of_o their_o own_o money_n as_o the_o exchange_n of_o sicily_n with_o catalonia_n castilia_n portugal_n brabant_n and_o england_n and_o howsoever_o they_o make_v their_o exchange_n either_o by_o the_o sicilian_a florin_n or_o by_o the_o ducat_n notwithstanding_o the_o parcel_n be_v resolve_v in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n which_o be_v thorough_o declare_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n and_o last_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n and_o day_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v in_o many_o country_n to_o differ_v in_o length_n of_o time_n and_o be_v limit_v of_o divers_a day_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n â—…sing_v and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n have_v a_o course_n set_v by_o a_o continual_a meeting_n of_o exchanger_n and_o their_o opinion_n in_o equality_n of_o value_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o needful_a circumstance_n of_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o learn_v where_o also_o he_o shall_v find_v at_o large_a how_o most_o of_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o reckon_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o table_n themselves_o as_o i_o find_v they_o calculate_v by_o the_o say_v geo_n bapt._n zuletta_n and_o other_o follow_v he_o chap._n cclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n a_o place_n of_o fair_n or_o fiera_n of_o exchange_n in_o italy_n placentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n this_o town_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o fair_a or_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o not_o as_o a_o city_n of_o trafficle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o esteem_n make_v of_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n but_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_v which_o be_v crown_n of_o mark_n in_o which_o money_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v only_o treat_v and_o account_v in_o and_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v by_o crown_n sell_v and_o denier_n of_o mark._n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o other_o place_n be_v either_o crown_v one_o or_o crown_n one_o hundred_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o 96¾_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 67._o 10_o sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 134._o 9_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 109½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 135½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 135_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29_o carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 128_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o 81½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 6_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 4_o den._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 482_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 1_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_n 1_o 118¾_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 103½_n quarentins_n in_o the_o 382._o chapter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v how_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v chap._n cclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n paris_n and_o roven_n in_o france_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n etc._n etc._n in_o lion_n paris_n roven_n and_o through_o all_o france_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n denier_n and_o turnois_n and_o they_o here_o do_v exchange_n in_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o denier_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o france_n a_o frank_n and_o 3_o livre_n or_o frank_n be_v account_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o standard_n of_o the_o country_n pass_v at_o 58_o sol._n of_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o number_n either_o one_o crown_n or_o one_o hundred_o crown_n of_o the_o sol._n lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o placentia_n crown_n 100_o for_o 103½_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 66½_n sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 115_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n duc._n bank_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 106½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_n 100_o 117½_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 124_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 122½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 123_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n antw_n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 96_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o den._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 436_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 485_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 119â…•_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 104_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 302._o and_o so_o follow_v of_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n chap._n cclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n rome_n the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o rome_n the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n julios_fw-la bacochs_n and_o quatrin_n and_o they_o exchange_n in_o ducat_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o camera_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o abovesard_n money_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o 100_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v 10_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 40_o quatrin_n and_o the_o bacoch_n be_v 4_o quatrin_n the_o ducat_n of_o camera_n according_a to_o the_o old_a value_n be_v worth_a 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n be_v 102½_n crown_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n the_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n except_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o sicilia_n bologna_n and_o bergamo_n and_o to_o all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o a_o 100_o ducat_n rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 97¾_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 97½_n 100_o crown_n genoa_n ducat_n 97â…›_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 97¼_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n ducat_n 85â…“_n 100_o ducat_n florence_z ducat_n 91¾_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 84_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 135_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 134â…”_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 134½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 15_o tarin_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 17_o tarin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 125_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 87½_n d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 24_o 2_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o denier_n barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o denier_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 440_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 482_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n 326._o and_o so_o follow_v chap._n cclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liguria_n genova_n the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n in_o genova_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n and_o they_o exchange_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v it_o that_o be_v the_o common_a in_o use_n of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a sol._n 90._o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v worth_n less_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v imaginary_a and_o value_v according_a as_o the_o fair_n of_o exchange_n permit_v of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a 68_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o
manner_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n who_o notwithstanding_o shall_v be_v sure_a in_o the_o end_n to_o have_v the_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o prevent_v not_o such_o unthrifty_a course_n as_o do_v impoverish_v his_o subject_n chap._n viii_o the_o enhance_a or_o debase_v our_o money_n can_v enrich_v the_o kingdom_n with_o treasure_n nor_o hinder_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v common_o alter_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o coin_n in_o their_o several_a denomination_n be_v make_v currant_n at_o more_o or_o less_o pound_n shilling_n or_o penny_n than_o former_o the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v alter_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o yet_o continue_v currant_n at_o the_o former_a rate_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o standard_n be_v either_o debase_v or_o enrich_v in_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o the_o money_n continue_v in_o their_o former_a value_v in_o all_o occasion_n of_o want_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o do_v ever_o find_v divers_a man_n who_o use_v their_o wit_n for_o a_o remedy_n to_o supply_v the_o first_o and_o preserve_v the_o last_o they_o fall_v present_o upon_o alter_v the_o money_n for_o say_v they_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o value_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n from_o divers_a place_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o the_o debase_v of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o fineness_n or_o weight_n will_v keep_v it_o here_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o these_o man_n please_v themselves_o with_o the_o begin_n only_o of_o this_o weighty_a business_n consider_v not_o the_o progress_n and_o end_n thereof_o whereunto_o we_o ought_v especial_o to_o direct_v our_o thought_n and_o endeavour_n spain_n a_o notable_a service_n for_o spain_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o money_n be_v not_o only_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o our_o foreign_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v just_a and_o constant_a to_o avoid_v those_o confusion_n which_o ever_o accompany_v such_o alteration_n for_o first_o at_o home_o if_o the_o common_a measure_n be_v change_v our_o land_n lease_n ware_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a must_v alter_v in_o proportion_n and_o although_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o much_o trouble_n and_o damage_n also_o to_o some_o man_n yet_o in_o short_a time_n this_o must_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o denomination_n of_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n which_o be_v respect_v but_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o our_o coin_n unto_o which_o we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o add_v any_o further_a estimation_n or_o worth_n if_o it_o lay_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v it_o for_o this_o will_v be_v a_o special_a service_n to_o spain_n and_o a_o act_n against_o ourselves_o to_o endear_v the_o commodity_n of_o another_o prince_n mean_n money_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o our_o other_o mean_n neither_o can_v these_o course_n which_o so_o much_o hurt_v the_o subject_n any_o way_n help_v the_o king_n as_o some_o man_n have_v imagine_v for_o although_o the_o debase_v or_o lightning_n of_o all_o our_o money_n shall_v bring_v a_o present_a benefit_n for_o once_o only_o to_o the_o mint_n yet_o all_o this_o and_o more_o will_v soon_o be_v lose_v again_o in_o the_o future_a great_a incom_n of_o his_o majesty_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o must_v be_v pay_v yearly_o with_o money_n of_o less_o intrinsic_a value_n than_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o whole_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n they_o differ_v infinite_o for_o all_o man_n estate_n be_v it_o lease_n land_n debt_n ware_n or_o money_n must_v suffer_v in_o their_o proportion_n whereas_o his_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o gain_n only_o upon_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n as_o may_v be_v new_o coin_v which_o in_o comparison_n will_v prove_v a_o very_a small_a matter_n pound_n all_o the_o ready_a money_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v esteem_v at_o little_a more_o than_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n for_o although_o they_o who_o have_v other_o estate_n in_o money_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a number_n and_o to_o be_v worth_a five_o or_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la man_n more_o or_o less_o which_o amount_v to_o many_o million_o in_o all_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o possess_v thereof_o all_o together_o or_o at_o once_o for_o it_o be_v vanity_n and_o against_o their_o profit_n to_o keep_v continual_o in_o their_o hand_n above_o forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n in_o a_o family_n to_o defray_v necessary_a charge_n the_o rest_n must_v ever_o run_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n for_o their_o benefit_n whereby_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o a_o little_a money_n be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n do_v rule_n 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0_o 10_o 4_o 2_o 7½_n 2_o 8½_n 4_o 6_o double_a stiver_n 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o 1â—_n 0_o 1â—_n 0_o 12_o cross_n dollar_n 0_o 18_o 0_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 4¾_n 2_o 0_o zealand_n dollar_n 0_o 13_o 0_o 2_o 8_o 2_o 9_o 0_o 1_o single_a milre_a of_o portugal_n 0_o 7_o 4_o 1_o 9½_n 1_o 10¼_n 1_o 0_o old_a phil._n dollar_n 1_o 2_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 5_o 2_o 0_o 1_o portugal_n testoon_n 0_o 5_o 0_o 1_o 2d_o 1_o 3â—_n 0_o 12½_n far._n dollar_n 1623._o 0_o 18_o 6_o 1_o 3¾_n 4_o 5½_n 0_o 10½_n prince_n orange_n dollar_n 1623._o 0_o 18_o 6_o 4_o 4¼_n 4_o 6_o 0_o 9½_n leopold_n dollar_n of_o 1624._o 0_o 18_o 2_o 4_o 4_o 4_o 5¼_n 0_o 10_o rodolph_n dollar_n of_o 1607._o 0_o 18_o 7_o 4_o 4½_n 4_o 6¼_n 0_o 4_o max_n emp._n dollor_n 1616._o 0_o 18_o 2_o 4_o 5¼_n 4_o 7_o 0_o 13_o danish_a dollar_n 1620._o 0_o 13_o 0_o 3_o 0â—_n 3_o 1â—_n 0_o 0½_n half_o a_o new_a french_a crown_n 0_o 8_o 18_o 2_o 2d_o 2_o 3â—_n 0_o 0½_n a_o new_a quart_n card._n 0_o 4_o 9_o 1_o 1â—_n 1_o 1â—_n 0_o 0½_n the_o â…“_n of_o a_o new_a card._n 0_o 1_o 11_o 0_o 4½_n 0_o 4½_n the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n the_o weight_n by_o troy_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n the_o value_n intrinsic_a  _fw-fr car._n gr_n  _fw-fr dw_n gr_n l._n s._n d._n l._n s._n d._n worse_a 0_o 0¼_n french_a lewes_n 8_o 14_o 1_o 8_o 7â—_n 1_o 9_o 2_o worse_a 0_o 0¼_n holland_n rider_n 6_o 10½_n 1_o 1_o 6¼_n 1_o 1_o 11_o better_a 1_o 2_o hungary_n ducket_n 2_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 0½_n 0_o 8_o 2¼_n worse_o 0_o 0½_n pistolet_n of_o spain_n 4_o 8_o 0_o 14_o 5¼_n 0_o 14_o 8½_n 2_o 0_o flemish_a alber_n 3_o 8_o 0_o 10_o 11_o 0_o 11_o 1½_n 3_o 1_o flemish_a half_a alber_n 1_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 0_o 0¼_n double_a sow_n of_o flanders_n 7_o 3½_n 1_o 3_o 10¾_n 1_o 4_o 3½_n 0_o 1¾_n italian_a pistolet_n 4_o 6_o 0_o 13_o 11½_n 0_o 14_o 2¼_n 4_o 2½_n the_o gilder_n of_o 2_o 3_o 0_o 5_o 7_o 0_o 5_o 8_o 3_o 1¾_n gilled_a matth._n emperor_n 2_o 3_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 0_o 6_o 1½_n 3_o 2¾_n 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ounce_n 412½_n gr_n the_o pound_n or_o standard_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n at_o florence_n pisa_n and_o legorn_n 5286_o gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o florence_n pisa_n and_o legorn_n 440â—_n gr_n the_o pound_n or_o standard_n at_o sienna_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n 5178_o gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o sienna_n 431½_n gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o genoa_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n 405½_n gr_n the_o turkish_a ok_v or_o oak_n at_o constantinople_n consist_v of_o four_o hundred_o silver_n dram_n 19128_o grain_n the_o silver_n dram_n general_o use_v in_o the_o great_a turk_n dominion_n as_o also_o in_o persia_n and_o in_o the_o mogul_n country_n if_o i_o be_v not_o misinform_v 47_o 41_o 50_o gr_n the_o turkish_a sultani_n or_o egyptian_a xeriff_n be_v a_o gold-coyn_n with_o which_o the_o barbary_n and_o venetian_a chequeen_n and_o norimberg_n ducat_n within_o a_o grain_n more_o or_o less_o agree_v 53½_n gr_n the_o ratel_n or_o rotulo_n for_o gold_n and_o 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linen_n be_v measure_v and_o be_v account_v 1¼_n yard_n english_a but_o those_o that_o have_v make_v trial_n thereof_o find_v it_o be_v be_v 46_o inch_n but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o the_o note_a that_o in_o buy_v of_o linen_n cloth_n of_o this_o country_n there_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o account_n of_o measure_n 24_o auln_n for_o 20_o and_o be_v call_v the_o merchant_n auln_v or_o measure_n and_o by_o the_o same_o be_v oftentimes_o here_o again_o sell_v in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o diep_n caen_n and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o normandy_n afford_v also_o this_o over-measure_n in_o the_o sale_n of_o normandy_n canvas_n here_o make_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v this_o place_n have_v a_o great_a and_o a_o small_a auln_v the_o one_o exceed_v the_o other_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o and_o the_o small_a agree_v with_o 〈◊〉_d english_a ells._n roven_n fair_n in_o roven_n roven_n be_v find_v to_o have_v 3_o fair_n in_o a_o year_n at_o two_o whereof_o there_o be_v liberty_n give_v for_o fifteen_o day_n to_o buy_v and_o transport_v any_o commodity_n in_o this_o city_n free_a of_o all_o custom_n and_o taâ—…_n provide_v the_o say_v good_n be_v lade_v and_o depart_v down_o the_o say_a river_n to_o a_o certain_a limit_a 〈◊〉_d stance_n below_o the_o city_n by_o fifteen_o day_n after_o otherwise_o to_o pay_v the_o custom_n as_o be_v accustom_v the_o fair_a begin_v the_o 3d_o of_o february_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o second_o begin_v the_o morrow_n after_o whitsunday_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o three_o be_v not_o account_v a_o free_a fair_a for_o custom_n as_o the_o former_a and_o begin_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o october_n and_o continue_v only_o eight_o day_n where_o note_n that_o these_o day_n be_v account_v so_o many_o work_a day_n sunday_n and_o holiday_n according_a to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n except_v cloth_n the_o english_a hall_n of_o roven_n for_o sale_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n here_o be_v in_o this_o city_n a_o public_a hall_n grant_v to_o the_o english_a for_o the_o sale_n of_o all_o english_a wool_n cloth_n whereto_o they_o be_v enjoin_v to_o carry_v the_o same_o and_o have_v certain_a set_a day_n to_o lay_v open_a and_o sell_v the_o same_o and_o for_o the_o hire_n and_o custody_n they_o pay_v a_o duty_n of_o halledge_n or_o warehousdoâ—_n they_o have_v have_v former_o here_o many_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v account_v as_o hâ—_n citizen_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n the_o insolency_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o great_a authority_n of_o their_o court_n of_o parliament_n daily_o give_v new_a fashion_n and_o new_a law_n to_o the_o english_a merchant_n here_o resident_a this_o city_n be_v the_o prime_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o part_n of_o france_n and_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a northern_a scale_n of_o traffic_n in_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o from_o hence_o be_v export_v great_a quantity_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o buckram_n canvas_n fine_a and_o course_n play_v card_n box_n combs_n paper_n threal_n teasles_a for_o clothworker_n and_o some_o plush_n and_o other_o stuff_v late_o here_o make_v and_o in_o fine_a all_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o normandy_n paris_n and_o those_o part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n sein_fw-fr roven_n exchange_n of_o roven_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o use_v see_v lion_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v which_o give_v rule_n thereto_o in_o chapter_n 277_o and_o chapter_n 302._o france_n the_o isle_n of_o france_n the_o next_o division_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o france_n which_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o friend_n dominion_n the_o principal_a city_n paris_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n here_o situate_v whâ—…_n though_o it_o consist_v not_o much_o in_o trade_n save_v what_o may_v serve_v happy_o to_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o court_n and_o inhabitant_n yet_o all_o the_o other_o city_n take_v hence_o the_o rule_n of_o government_n for_o traffic_n may_v challenge_v just_o a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n cxxvii_o of_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parish_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o france_n and_o the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v ten_o mile_n in_o compass_n through_o which_o the_o river_n of_o sein_fw-fr do_v gentle_o run_v and_o so_o to_o roven_n thence_o to_o the_o new-haven_n or_o haure_n de_fw-fr grace_n and_o thence_o to_o our_o british_a oceam_n it_o be_v not_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o neither_o afford_v commodity_n to_o be_v export_v nor_o yet_o vent_v store_n of_o commodity_n import_v though_o a_o ignorant_a frenchman_n which_o have_v not_o see_v further_o than_o this_o city_n call_v it_o the_o great_a in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o trade_n find_v therein_o and_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o merchant_n which_o i_o imagine_v he_o understand_v shopkeeper_n some_o cloth_n lend_v tin_n bays_n and_o stocking_n it_o vent_v from_o england_n satin_n and_o other_o silk_n and_o plush_n from_o italy_n some_o small_a ware_n from_o germany_n and_o that_o be_v all_o the_o most_o important_a it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o city_n in_o france_n where_o exchange_n have_v be_v place_v roven_n and_o lion_n be_v the_o other_o two_o and_o though_o i_o have_v divers_a time_n be_v here_o yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o remarkable_a observation_n in_o trade_n which_o inclee_v be_v no_o where_n in_o france_n much_o practise_v because_o of_o the_o base_a esteem_n the_o french_a nation_n do_v hold_v of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v every_o cobbler_n honour_v his_o old_a shoe_n with_o the_o title_n of_o sa_fw-fr merchandise_n with_o as_o great_a confidence_n as_o he_o that_o never_o handle_v any_o commodity_n but_o silk_n or_o jewel_n in_o which_o foolish_a humour_n i_o will_v leave_v they_o and_o come_v to_o my_o purpose_n paris_n give_v rule_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o coin_n to_o all_o other_o city_n of_o france_n i_o have_v purposely_o refer_v it_o here_o to_o avoid_v the_o reiteration_n in_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n france_n coin_n of_o france_n the_o least_o piece_n then_o of_o coin_n current_n in_o france_n be_v a_o denier_n two_o whereof_o make_v a_o double_a and_o twelve_o thereof_o be_v a_o soul_n and_o soul_n twenty_o make_v a_o liver_n which_o some_o call_v a_o frank_n and_o thus_o in_o liver_n soul_n and_o denier_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v france_n account_n in_o france_n their_o common_a coin_n be_v piece_n of_o 8_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o â…œ_n of_o a_o french_a crown_n in_o silver_n a_o piece_n of_o 16_o sold._n which_o be_v the_o quarter_n crown_n 4_o of_o which_o make_v 64_o sold._n account_v for_o a_o french_a crown_n and_o 4_o sold_n which_o be_v of_o 3_o liver_n turnois_n they_o have_v also_o piece_n of_o 21_o sold._n 4_o denier_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o say_a crown_n call_v by_o some_o teston_n and_o the_o ½_n and_o ¼_n thereof_o and_o as_o the_o quarter_n crown_n be_v at_o first_o raise_v from_o 15_o sold_n to_o 16_o sold_n and_o thereby_o the_o 60_o sold_n to_o 64_o sold_n so_o be_v the_o say_v teston_n also_o in_o proportion_n raise_v according_o the_o gold_n coin_n be_v only_o two_o which_o be_v the_o common_a crown_n of_o 3_o liver_n or_o 60_o sold._n and_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 3_o liver_n 16_o sold_n or_o 76_o sol._n all_o which_o coin_n in_o their_o first_o coinage_n bear_v this_o true_a worth_n and_o value_n and_o then_o be_v conceive_v to_o hold_v equality_n with_o england_n thus_o 10_o sold_n to_o make_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a 23_o sold_n to_o make_v 2_o shilling_n sterling_a which_o be_v their_o liver_n 60_o sold._n to_o make_v 6_o shilling_n or_o 72_o penny_n which_o be_v the_o french_a crown_n france_n note_v of_o money_n inhanse_v late_o in_o france_n but_o these_o inhanse_v to_o such_o rate_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o commerce_n enforce_v they_o find_v net_n now_o any_o settle_a rate_n but_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o receiver_n for_o he_o that_o sell_v his_o commodity_n in_o france_n now_o for_o ready_a money_n must_v contract_v it_o if_o he_o be_v wise_a at_o what_o rate_n he_o must_v have_v these_o coin_n in_o payment_n lest_o he_o imagine_v he_o sell_v to_o good_a profit_n and_o yet_o by_o experience_n find_v he_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o a_o great_a loss_n and_o disadvantage_n and_o note_v that_o since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a the_o piece_n of_o 16_o sol._n be_v raise_v to_o 20_o sol._n 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o whole_a which_o i_o place_v here_o as_o a_o caveat_n for_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o traffic_v in_o these_o kingdom_n that_o he_o
or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101â…ž_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98â…”_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101â…”_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1â…”_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o aâ—…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3â…“_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v
the_o inquisitive_a as_o for_o the_o general_a present_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n i_o shall_v comprise_v it_o with_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o netherlands_o in_o the_o 181_o chapter_n follow_v the_o first_o earldom_n account_v one_o of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n be_v flanders_n so_o call_v peradventure_o à _fw-la flando_fw-la as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o wind_n divide_v into_o imperialem_fw-la gallicam_fw-la and_o tâ—…tâ—nicam_fw-la gaunt_n gaunt_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o trade_n therein_o be_v first_o gaunt_n who_o wall_n be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n the_o two_o river_n of_o scheld_v and_o ley_n run_v through_o the_o same_o and_o make_v in_o it_o 26_o island_n which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o hundred_o bridge_n and_o have_v not_o she_o often_o sedition_n ruinate_v her_o beauty_n she_o may_v have_v be_v queen_n of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o europe_n and_o here_o john_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n be_v bear_v common_o in_o history_n call_v john_n of_o gaunt_n bruges_n bruges_n the_o second_o city_n be_v bruges_n once_o the_o most_o famous_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n where_o sundry_a nation_n for_o many_o year_n keep_v both_o their_o magazine_n and_o factor_n for_o the_o sale_n and_o provide_v of_o all_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o the_o world_n now_o much_o decay_v of_o its_o former_a splendour_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n adventurer_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n to_o antwerp_n about_o the_o year_n 1503._o it_o be_v seat_v about_o three_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o a_o fair_a and_o deep_a artificial_a channel_n fill_v with_o the_o water_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a and_o adjoin_v stream_n and_o fountain_n which_o channel_n in_o this_o country_n be_v very_o frequent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o general_a which_o do_v both_o further_a the_o traffic_n of_o the_o city_n and_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v in_o this_o country_n account_v four_o principal_a seaport_n which_o give_v entrance_n by_o sea_n into_o this_o part_n of_o flanders_n dunkirk_n dunkirk_n the_o first_o be_v dunkirk_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o do_v in_o time_n of_o war_n infest_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o name_n of_o freebooter_n and_o because_o most_o of_o their_o war_n be_v with_o the_o dutch_a who_o they_o account_v heretic_n the_o jesuit_n and_o other_o the_o romish_a religious_a rabblement_n of_o this_o place_n join_v with_o these_o pirate_n and_o bestow_v thus_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o ignorant_a secular_a towards_o the_o ruin_n and_o rapine_n of_o their_o fellow_n countryman_n and_o christian_n a_o evident_a testimony_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o zeal_n of_o their_o devout_a order_n possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o fortify_v anno_fw-la 1657_o and_o 58._o command_a by_o lockhart_n who_o publish_v his_o declaration_n as_o follow_v old_a jacobus_n at_o 15_o guilder_n the_o new_a one_o or_o carolus_n 14_o guilder_n english_a shilling_n 13_o stivers_n or_o pence_n half_a crown_n 32_o stivers_n and_o 1_o half_a gold_n spanish_a pistol_n 11_o guilder_n gold_n rial_n 8_o guilder_n gold_n sovereign_n 18_o guilder_n gold_n double_a ducat_n 12_o guilder_n gold_n french_a crown_n 5_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n or_o pence_n gold_n hungary_n ducat_n 6_o guilder_n gold_n albertine_n 7_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n gold_n reinis-guilder_n 3_o guilder_n 15_o stivers_n gold_n rider_n of_o zealand_n 7_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n the_o double_a one_o and_o half_a according_o gold_n flemish_a crown_n 4_o guilder_n 16_o stivers_n italian_n pistol_n 9_o guilder_n 12_o stivers_n gold_n crown_n of_o liege_n 3_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n silver_n ducatoon_n 3_o guilder_n 15_o stivers_n flemish_a or_o seal_v pattacoon_n 3_o guilder_n silver_n lewis_n 3_o guilder_n holland_n rixdollar_n 3_o guilder_n the_o half_a etc._n etc._n according_o cardicue_n of_o weight_n 1_o guilder_n french_a testoon_n of_o weight_n 19_o stivers_n french_a silver_n frank_n or_o livre_n of_o weight_n 1_o guilder_n 7_o stivers_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n according_o flemish_a shilling_n 7_o stivers_n and_o ½_n the_o ½_n shilling_n according_o zealand_n shilling_n 7_o stivers_n flemish_a stooters_n 2_o stivers_n and_o ½_n flemish_n ten_o stuyver_n 12_o stivers_n flemish_n 5_o stuyver_n 6_o stivers_n flemish_a stivers_n and_o mark_v piece_n at_o 1_o stiver_n or_o 4_o farthing_n as_o also_o all_o flemish_a and_o french_a farthing_n be_v hereby_o declare_v to_o be_v good_a but_o those_o of_o liege_n and_o all_o other_o for_o bullion_n provide_v that_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v more_o of_o the_o say_v flemish_a and_o french_a farthing_n than_o after_o the_o proportion_n of_o five_o penny_n in_o ten_o shilling_n or_o six_o guilder_n and_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v either_o to_o pay_v out_o or_o receive_v the_o forementioned_a piece_n of_o money_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o those_o here_o express_v shall_v forfeit_v the_o say_a piece_n of_o monies_n and_o four_o time_n the_o value_n thereof_o scluse_n scluse_n the_o second_o be_v scluse_n seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o bruges_n command_v a_o fair_a haven_n capable_a of_o 500_o sail_n of_o good_a ship_n and_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o state_n and_o be_v take_v from_o the_o archduke_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1604._o with_o who_o welfare_n it_o can_v stand_v to_o suffer_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o enjoy_v any_o safe_a and_o large_a harbour_n in_o those_o sea_n or_o adjoin_v coast_n nieuport_n nieuport_n the_o three_o port_n be_v nieuport_n famous_v in_o these_o our_o day_n by_o the_o great_a battle_n fight_v near_o it_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1600._o between_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n and_o the_o state_n the_o victory_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v get_v next_o under_o god_n by_o the_o valour_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o valiant_a commander_n ostend_n ostend_n the_o four_o seaport_n of_o this_o country_n be_v ostend_n which_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n against_o the_o archduke_n of_o three_o year_n and_o three_o month_n which_o have_v make_v it_o for_o ever_o famous_a to_o posterity_n lisle_n lisle_n in_o this_o country_n of_o flanders_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o who_o language_n be_v therein_o still_o use_v be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o lisle_n account_v the_o three_o town_n of_o traffic_n in_o all_o the_o netherlands_o and_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o some_o infer_v the_o first_o invention_n of_o lay_v of_o colour_n with_o oil_n of_o make_v of_o worsted-says_a and_o many_o other_o stuff_v which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v see_v to_o come_v thence_o next_o be_v douai_n a_o university_n tournay_n tournay_n then_o tournay_n which_o be_v surprise_v and_o take_v by_o our_o henry_n viii_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1513._o to_o who_o the_o citizen_n pay_v 100000_o crown_n for_o their_o ransom_n and_o it_o be_v restore_v afterward_o to_o the_o french_a for_o the_o same_o 600000_o crown_n and_o from_o he_o final_o take_v by_o charles_n v._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v account_v in_o flanders_n 35_o town_n and_o 1178_o village_n of_o lesseâ—_n note_n which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o brief_o as_o intend_v to_o comprehend_v the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o artois_n artois_n the_o second_o earld_v they_o be_v artois_n contain_v twelve_o town_n of_o consequence_n and_o 750_o village_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v the_o town_n of_o arras_n whence_o our_o tapestry_n and_o clothes_n of_o arras_n have_v have_v their_o invention_n and_o first_o original_a paul_n s._n paul_n then_o saint_n paul_n the_o earl_n thereof_o lewis_n of_o luxenburg_n play_v so_o often_o fast_o and_o loose_a with_o lewis_n xi_o of_o france_n with_o edward_z iu._n of_o england_n and_o with_o charles_n of_o burgundy_n that_o he_o keep_v they_o for_o many_o year_n at_o continual_a strife_n which_o duke_n charles_n at_o length_n requite_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o head_n and_o earldom_n heinault_n heinault_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v heinault_n comprehend_v 950_o village_n and_o 24_o town_n of_o note_n cambray_n cambray_n the_o most_o eminent_a be_v cambray_n take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n from_o the_o french_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o fuentes_n anno_fw-la 1595._o account_v a_o free_a town_n then_o mons._n beauvais_n beauvais_n the_o next_o be_v beauvais_n at_o a_o pillar_n whereof_o begin_v all_o the_o way_n lead_v into_o france_n make_v all_o of_o pave_a stone_n by_o brunhault_n the_o french_a queen_n namure_n namure_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v namure_n contain_v 180_o village_n and_o but_o 4_o town_n of_o note_n namure_n be_v the_o principal_a this_o country_n have_v for_o merchandise_n great_a store_n of_o grain_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o be_v enrich_v with_o mine_n of_o jasper_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o marble_n and_o so_o abundant_a in_o iron_n that_o it_o be_v incredible_a make_v the_o inhabitant_n thereby_o both_o wealthy_a and_o laborious_a and_o it_o be_v find_v moreover_o to_o produce_v
their_o coin_n current_a be_v these_o 1_o stiver_n of_o their_o money_n here_o and_o in_o hamburgh_n be_v 2_o penny_n 32_o stivers_n make_v a_o dollar_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n 4_o d._n there_o 4_o stivers_n which_o be_v 8_o d._n make_v a_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 6_o d._n sterling_n 1_o rix_n dollar_n be_v worth_a 33_o stivers_n and_o be_v 4_o s._n 4_o d._n sterling_n or_o more_o 1_o mark_n be_v 16_o stivers_n or_o 2_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n 7½_n mark_v make_v 20_o s._n i_o say_v 20_o s._n flemish_n stoad_n weight_n of_o stoad_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o l._n be_v their_o quintar_n which_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 107_o and_o some_o have_v observe_v 109_o l._n stoad_n measure_n of_o stoad_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n as_o in_o hamburgh_n follow_v chap._n cciu_o of_o hamburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o hamburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o hamburg_n be_v a_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o they_o which_o enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o hans-town_n and_o for_o the_o building_n and_o populousness_n much_o to_o be_v praise_v the_o senate-house_n be_v a_o beautiful_a fabric_n and_o the_o exchange_n where_o merchant_n do_v meet_v together_o be_v likewise_o as_o pleasant_a the_o haven_n be_v guard_v and_o shut_v up_o with_o a_o iron_n chain_n the_o city_n itself_o compass_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n side_n with_o a_o double_a ditch_n and_o wall_n water_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o same_o from_o a_o hill_n distant_a some_o mile_n off_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o large_a plain_n and_o sandy_a soil_n and_o adorn_v with_o nine_o churcher_n and_o six_o gate_n on_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o river_n elve_n which_o also_o put_v a_o branch_n into_o the_o town_n but_o on_o the_o north-east_n the_o river_n alster_n run_v by_o towards_o stoad_n from_o which_o it_o be_v five_o mile_n distant_a and_o fall_v into_o the_o elve_n the_o street_n in_o general_n be_v narrow_a except_v one_o which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o broadstreet_n and_o their_o building_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n and_o all_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o house_n be_v in_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o as_o in_o all_o the_o other_o seabordering_a city_n lie_v from_o these_o part_n towards_o flanders_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n broad_a and_o fair_a gate_n into_o a_o large_a hall_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o on_o both_o side_n be_v use_v for_o a_o warehouse_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n lie_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o door_n their_o chief_a houshould-stuff_n be_v place_v and_o especial_o their_o vessel_n of_o english_a pewter_n which_o be_v keep_v bright_a make_v a_o glitter_a show_n to_o they_o that_o pass_v by_o so_o that_o their_o house_n promise_v more_o beauty_n outward_o than_o they_o have_v inward_o the_o present_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v great_a principal_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o some_o quantity_n of_o ship_v of_o reasonable_a burden_n be_v find_v belong_v to_o the_o citizen_n hamburg_n weight_n of_o hamburg_n the_o weight_n of_o hamburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v the_o 120_o pound_n their_o quintar_n divide_v into_o three_o denomination_n the_o first_o of_o 12_o stone_n of_o 10_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n 300_o pound_n thereof_o to_o the_o skip_fw-mi pound_n which_o be_v the_o second_o and_o 20_o lispound_v of_o 15_o pound_n to_o the_o say_v 300_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o three_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v two_o quintar_n one_o of_o 120_o pound_n another_o of_o 300_o pound_n hamburg_n measure_n of_o hamburg_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o ell_n wherewith_o they_o measure_v both_o linen_n woollen_a and_o silk_n the_o 100_o whereof_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 48½_n else_o for_o linen_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v here_o about_o 162_o or_o 163_o yard_n agree_v with_o embden_n and_o bremâ—_n before_o mention_v hamburg_n exchange_n in_o hamburg_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n by_o the_o pound_n sterling_a and_o for_o all_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o rix_n dollar_n of_o 54_o s._n lapisto_n or_o 54_o stiver_n dollar_n dollar_n a_o dollar_n be_v here_o note_a to_o be_v worth_a three_o whitpence_n one_o whitpenny_a to_o be_v 18_o shilling_n one_o shilling_n to_o be_v 12_o penny_n and_o one_o penny_n two_o heller_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o measure_v by_o the_o schepel_n ninety_o make_v a_o last_o and_o 83_o schepel_v make_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n english_a chap._n ccv_o of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lubeck_n be_v a_o imperial_a and_o free_a city_n and_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v account_v hans-town_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o spacious_a hill_n upon_o the_o very_a crown_n whereof_o be_v a_o beautiful_a church_n from_o whence_o lead_v street_n to_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n one_o of_o brick_n and_o narrow_a the_o other_o of_o earth_n and_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n there_o be_v also_o deep_a ditch_n where_o ship_n of_o a_o 1000_o tun_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o winter_n from_o tremuren_n the_o maritime_a port_n of_o this_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o this_o town_n the_o building_n hereof_o be_v very_o beautiful_a of_o brick_n have_v many_o pleasant_a walk_n without_o the_o wall_n the_o government_n of_o this_o town_n be_v much_o commend_v for_o their_o neatness_n pleasant_a garden_n courteous_a carriage_n to_o stranger_n civility_n of_o manner_n and_o strict_a execution_n of_o justice_n their_o water_n be_v convey_v hither_o by_o pipe_n and_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o cock_n of_o water_n in_o his_o own_o house_n also_o all_o the_o poor_a inhabitant_n be_v constrain_v to_o live_v in_o a_o street_n by_o themselves_o where_o they_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o provide_v for_o this_o city_n adorn_v with_o ten_o church_n one_o whereof_o be_v a_o decay_a monastery_n they_o have_v convert_v to_o a_o armoury_n of_o all_o ammunition_n for_o war_n s._n maries_n the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o seat_v as_o i_o say_v before_o on_o the_o very_a summit_n of_o this_o hill_n whereon_o the_o city_n stand_v famous_a beer_n of_o lubeck_n famous_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n at_o present_a be_v great_a partly_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodious_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o place_n of_o itself_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o beer_n make_v and_o hence_o transport_v into_o other_o region_n and_o by_o some_o use_v medicinal_o for_o bruise_n of_o the_o body_n and_o such_o like_a accident_n though_o by_o they_o in_o use_n common_o both_o for_o their_o ordinary_a drink_n and_o food_n and_o raiment_n lubeck_n weight_n of_o lubeck_n the_o common_a weight_n of_o lubeck_n be_v a_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v a_o centiner_n and_o a_o skip-pound_n for_o 112_o pound_n be_v the_o centiner_n or_o quintar_n the_o stone_n 10_o pound_n and_o 32_o stone_n to_o the_o skip_fw-mi pound_n which_o be_v 320_o pound_n and_o the_o 20_o lispound_v of_o 16_o pound_n mark_n be_v also_o account_v for_o a_o skip-pound_n which_o be_v in_o london_n pound_n lubeck_n measure_n of_o lubeck_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n of_o lubeck_n be_v the_o ell_n 120_o ell_n whereof_o make_v in_o london_n 60_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n london_n have_v make_v here_o 160_o ell_n incirca_fw-la corn._n of_o corn._n in_o lubeck_n corn_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o last_o 96_o schepel_v make_v a_o last_o which_o be_v 10¼_n quarter_n of_o london_n and_o 85_o schepel_v be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n last_v 7_o of_o 18_o barrel_n in_o lubeck_n be_v find_v to_o make_v 100_o sack_n of_o salt_n be_v 122_o small_a barrel_n for_o the_o 100_o sack_n at_o armuiden_n in_o zealand_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 7½_n last_v of_o 18_o barrel_n of_o salt_n in_o london_n but_o account_v by_o the_o weight_n in_o london_n to_o make_v 11½_n weigh_v and_o it_o be_v account_v 40_o bushel_n to_o a_o wey_n water_n measure_n of_o ten_o gallon_n beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n and_o every_o stoop_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o hold_v about_o 7_o pint_n of_o beer_n measure_n in_o england_n which_o be_v about_o 44_o gallon_n chap._n ccvi_o of_o the_o coin_n current_a in_o
may_v be_v some_o benefit_n to_o a_o merchant_n for_o by_o this_o rule_n the_o great_a loggerhead_n shall_v have_v consequent_o the_o large_a measure_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v a_o loop_n 23_o loop_n make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n in_o london_n chap._n ccxix_o of_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o moscovia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o tartary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o livonia_n lituania_n and_o part_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o turk_n and_o palus_n mâ—…otis_n moscovia_n commodity_n of_o moscovia_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n fur_n of_o many_o sort_n flax_n hemp_n whales-grease_n honey_n wax_n canvas_n rope_n cable_n caviar_n astrican_a hide_n tallow_n raw-hides_a and_o bulgars_a moscovia_n famous_a river_n of_o moscovia_n the_o many_o river_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o this_o country_n do_v much_o further_a trade_n in_o general_a fâ—st_n tanais_n which_o disburthen_v itself_o into_o palus_n moeotis_n second_o dunia_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o scythian_a sea_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n where_o our_o english_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northern_a passage_n use_v to_o land_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o all_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n three_o boristhenes_n that_o enter_v into_o pontus_n euxinus_n four_o onega_n which_o open_v itself_o into_o the_o balâ—…k_n sea_n and_o last_o volga_n which_o with_o no_o less_o than_o 70_o mouth_n disgorge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a this_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o nine_o principal_a province_n which_o together_o with_o the_o chief_a town_n thereof_o i_o shall_v only_o touch_v novograde_a novograde_a novogradia_n be_v first_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v novograde_a seat_v on_o the_o dunia_n and_o once_o one_o of_o the_o four_o ancient_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n now_o of_o late_a decay_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o new_a passage_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o st._n nicholas_n by_o the_o river_n obye._n plescovia_n plescovia_n plescovia_n be_v the_o second_o wherein_o be_v the_o city_n plescove_n the_o only_o wall_a city_n in_o moscovia_n and_o yet_o of_o no_o great_a eminence_n veladomira_n veladomira_n valadomira_n be_v the_o next_o have_v also_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n rhesen_n rhesen_n rhesen_fw-mi be_v the_o four_o wonderful_a plenty_n in_o corn_n that_o neither_o can_v bird_n fly_v nor_o horse_n run_v through_o it_o for_o thickness_n the_o chief_a town_n rhesen_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o moscovia_n abound_v in_o grain_n honey_n fish_n and_o fowl_n without_o number_n servia_n servia_n servia_n be_v the_o five_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v staradab_n and_o pativola_n permia_n permia_n permia_n be_v the_o six_o the_o chief_a city_n â—s_v sickwiardley_n abound_v in_o stag_n candora_n candora_n candora_n be_v the_o seven_o petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-mi be_v the_o eight_o in_o both_o these_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v live_v under_o ground_n and_o have_v for_o half_a the_o year_n together_o perpetual_a day_n and_o the_o other_o half_a perpetual_a night_n as_o situate_v beyond_o the_o arctic_a moscovia_n moscovia_n moscovia_n be_v the_o nine_o moscow_n moscow_n and_o so_o name_v of_o the_o principal_a city_n moscow_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n round_o have_v therein_o 16_o church_n of_o which_o the_o one_o half_a be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o dirt_n as_o most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o emperor_n palace_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o be_v fortify_v with_o 3_o bulwark_n and_o 17_o turret_n continual_o guard_v with_o 25000_o soldier_n this_o be_v the_o most_o populous_a province_n of_o all_o this_o great_a empire_n for_o it_o extend_v 2000_o mile_n in_o length_n smalensko_n smalensko_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o petty_a province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o smalensko_n than_o toropier_n next_o colopigrod_n landiskron_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n which_o i_o willing_o omit_v till_o my_o observation_n be_v better_a the_o trade_n of_o the_o english_a be_v begin_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n and_o basiliades_n king_n of_o this_o country_n about_o the_o year_n 1575._o and_o within_o 10_o year_n after_o it_o be_v perfect_o settle_v and_o because_o the_o trade_n of_o moscovia_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o small_a circuit_n in_o these_o vast_a dominion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a that_o i_o comprehend_v the_o same_o under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n moscow_n chap._n ccxx_o of_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mosco_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o this_o large_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n some_o year_n pass_v repair_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o government_n of_o so_o large_a a_o empire_n as_o account_v the_o midst_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n mosca_n run_v into_o tanais_n where_o it_o lose_v its_o name_n and_o pass_v assaw_n disgorge_v into_o the_o palus_n meotis_n and_o so_o into_o the_o euxinus_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_o it_o be_v esteem_v ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o its_o height_n of_o greatness_n then_o burn_v by_o the_o tartar_n wherein_o 80000_o person_n be_v consume_v and_o since_o reduce_v to_o five_o mile_n compass_n beautify_v with_o 16_o church_n some_o of_o stone_n some_o of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o with_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n situate_a in_o the_o very_a heart_n thereof_o enrich_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o two_o river_n for_o use_n and_o ornament_n which_o water_n two_o strong_a fort_n that_o defend_v the_o place_n nicholas_n st._n nicholas_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n the_o patron_n of_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o dunia_n or_o obby_n the_o english_a merchant_n use_v to_o land_n and_o thence_o disperse_v themselves_o to_o smalensko_n novograde_a hither_o and_o into_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n among_o who_o they_o find_v kind_a entertainment_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n have_v large_a immunity_n grant_v unto_o they_o than_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n their_o traffic_v attribute_v to_o the_o never_o die_a fame_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o who_o day_n the_o trade_n be_v here_o first_o settle_v and_o to_o the_o plausible_a behaviour_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o general_n moscovia_n account_n in_o moscovia_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o several_a manner_n some_o as_o the_o english_a by_o rubble_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n term_v they_o muskofkin_n 200_o whereof_o make_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v account_v two_o rix_n dollar_n some_o again_o as_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n by_o rubble_n grevens_n and_o muskofkin_n or_o penny_n account_v 20_o penny_n to_o a_o greven_n and_o 10_o greven_n to_o a_o rubble_n which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n here_o this_o rubble_n be_v find_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o not_o real_a moscovia_n coin_n current_a in_o moscovia_n the_o current_a money_n here_o be_v a_o capeck_n in_o value_n a_o stiver_n flemish_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o as_o english_a penny_n for_o 10_o capeck_n be_v a_o greven_n which_o the_o english_a call_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a because_o that_o 10_o grevens_n be_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v 10_o shilling_n sterling_a three_o capeck_n they_o call_v a_o altine_n by_o which_o name_n all_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o bargain_v and_o contract_n 33_o altius_fw-la and_o 1_o capeck_n make_v a_o rubble_n archangel_n exchange_n of_o archangel_n at_o archangel_n be_v sound_v practise_v among_o the_o merchant_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a as_o the_o russ_n money_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o the_o english_a sometime_o among_o themselves_o give_v 11_o shilling_n and_o 11_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n sterling_a in_o england_n for_o the_o rubble_n here_o and_o the_o money_n common_o take_v there_o in_o august_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n the_o last_o of_o december_n follow_v moscovia_n weight_n of_o moscovia_n the_o weight_n of_o moscovia_n common_a in_o use_n be_v the_o pood_n for_o fine_a good_n and_o the_o bercovet_n for_o gross_a good_n the_o one_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pood_n be_v weigh_v silk_n bever-wooll_n yeft_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v for_o 40_o l._n russ_n weight_n and_o 3_o pood_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v 112_o l._n english_a which_o by_o this_o computation_n shall_v make_v 37â…“_n l._n averdupois_n and_o all_o good_n there_o buy_v by_o the_o pood_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n in_o england_n by_o the_o bercovet_n be_v weigh_v
price_n of_o 90_o gross_n per_fw-la ducat_n and_o of_o the_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o sigure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v gross_a 121½_n and_o so_o many_o gross_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o provision_n which_o be_v payable_a in_o venice_n be_v disbursable_a in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n find_v for_o antwerp_n at_o grow_v 90⅓_n and_o for_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a there_o be_v hereupon_o order_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v for_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o london_n the_o question_n be_v at_o what_o price_n will_v the_o remittance_n be_v from_o antwerp_n to_o london_n to_o do_v this_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a give_v gros_fw-fr 90⅓_n see_v that_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o value_n of_o a_o ducat_n of_o venice_n what_o will_v 240_o penny_n sterling_a give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o london_n it_o will_v be_v gros_fw-fr 387_o which_o reduce_v to_o shilling_n in_o take_v the_o 1_o 12_o and_o it_o will_v be_v 32¼_n shilling_n and_o so_o many_o shilling_n flemish_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o the_o provision_n payable_a in_o venice_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o pound_n sterling_a money_n credit_n in_o london_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o london_n be_v creditor_n in_o antwerp_n 2000_o l._n flemish_n who_o inorder_v that_o it_o be_v remit_v he_o at_o shilling_n 33¼_n or_o to_o placentia_n at_o 121_o grow_v where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v be_v find_v that_o be_v to_o that_o place_n which_o shall_v be_v most_o beneficial_a or_o to_o least_o loss_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v now_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o london_n at_o shilling_n 33½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121¼_n i_o demand_v to_o which_o of_o the_o say_a place_n shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o there_o be_v find_v remittance_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v where_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o shil_n 33¼_n give_v gros_fw-fr 121_o the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v shil_v 33½_n give_v be_v the_o price_n find_v for_o london_n it_o will_v come_v to_o gros_fw-fr 121_o 9_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o shil_fw-la 33½_n to_o go_v to_o the_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121_o 9_o 10_o and_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o loss_n that_o be_v at_o 121¼_n gross_a and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxliii_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v london_n exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o london_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v right_o to_o set_v down_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n thereof_o and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o his_o draught_n as_o in_o his_o remittance_n now_o only_o there_o rest_v to_o conclude_v this_o tract_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n to_o handle_v the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o and_o how_o by_o arithmetic_n it_o be_v perform_v which_o i_o will_v observe_v here_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n and_o instruction_n to_o those_o here_o omit_v london_n account_n keep_v in_o london_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o ensue_v that_o all_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o london_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n common_o call_v sterling_a and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o for_o 20_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n make_v a_o shilling_n and_o morcover_v that_o london_n exchange_v in_o the_o denominator_fw-la of_o penny_n sterling_a with_o all_o other_o country_n antwerp_n and_o those_o country_n neighbour_a of_o flanders_n and_o holland_n except_v with_o which_o it_o exchange_v by_o the_o entire_a pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a chap._n ccccxliv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n london_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 61_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o 3_o l._n piece_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 348_o l._n 15_o shilling_n sterling_a how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v thereto_o 15_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o penny_n add_v thereto_o the_o penny_n if_o any_o be_v and_o then_o divide_v the_o same_o by_o 61_o penny_n and_o the_o dividend_n will_v make_v crown_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o then_o they_o make_v in_o all_o crow_n 1372008_o penny_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 348_o l._n 15_o sterling_a deliver_v in_o london_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o lion_n shall_v exchange_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o 1372⅛_n crown_n for_o london_n france_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o paris_n roven_n &c_n &c_n in_o france_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o rule_n be_v the_o same_o when_o london_n shall_v exchange_v with_o either_o paris_n or_o roven_n or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n chap._n ccccxlv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 70_o penny_n stir_v more_fw-it or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o florence_n a_o crow_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o pound_n 656_o 10_o 6_o d._n star_z how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n this_o be_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o for_o the_o say_v 656_o 10_o 6_o sterling_a i_o be_o to_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n the_o sum_n of_o crow_n 2250⅛_n as_o per_fw-la example_n proof_n proof_n note_v that_o this_o exchange_n be_v seldom_o practise_v from_o london_n and_o therefore_o not_o in_o use_n in_o these_o day_n but_o when_o many_o florentine_a merchant_n reside_v in_o london_n it_o be_v much_o in_o use_n yet_o the_o rule_n be_v right_a and_o the_o proof_n thereof_o be_v evident_a when_o florence_n rechange_v again_o for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n london_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n for_o great_a sum_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 50_o d._n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o ducat_n in_o banco_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o venice_n this_o be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n reduce_v the_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n by_o the_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o add_v 17_o and_o then_o multiply_v that_o again_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o penny_n and_o add_v thereto_o 6_o d._n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2668⅕_n which_o shall_v be_v render_v in_o venice_n for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a in_o london_n as_o per_fw-la example_n venice_n proof_n difference_n between_o money_n in_o banco_n and_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n note_v that_o for_o distinction_n of_o the_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n which_o be_v 21_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o present_v worse_o than_o the_o money_n payable_a by_o exchange_n it_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n in_o which_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v payable_a and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 2668⅕_n ducat_n be_v rechange_v for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o
london_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o antwerp_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o pound_n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la shilling_n 35._o 6_o penny_n or_o gross_a money_n of_o antwerp_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 445_o l._n 15_o and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a how_o many_o pound_n flemish_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o antwerp_n first_o multiply_v the_o pound_n sterling_a by_o 20_o and_o bring_v they_o into_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o penny_n sterling_a do_v also_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a bring_v they_o first_o into_o shilling_n flemish_a by_o a_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o then_o to_o penny_n or_o gross_a by_o multiplication_n of_o 12_o d._n account_v the_o 35_o s._n 6_o d._n for_o l._n flem._n 1._o 15._o 6_o d._n and_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o one_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 35._o 6_o d_o flemish_n the_o price_n propose_v what_o will_v 445_o l._n 15._o 6_o sterling_a give_v which_o will_v make_v l._n 791._o 5._o 0_o d._n flemish_n for_o which_o you_o must_v have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v more_o apparent_a when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n câ—olondâ—…_n london_n exchange_n with_o amsterâ—…_n câ—olondâ—…_n and_o note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v the_o same_o when_o that_o london_n do_v exchange_n for_o colonia_n amsterdâ—m_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n chap._n ccccxlviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n london_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o for_o conclusion_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o commission_n and_o order_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 1._o example_n 1._o to_o london_n then_o come_v order_n from_o venice_n to_o remit_v to_o they_o at_o 60_o penny_n and_o to_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 82_o per_n sterling_a the_o partido_n be_v for_o crow_n 40000_o of_o mark_n i_o find_v then_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 61_o penny_n i_o will_v know_v consider_v the_o loss_n that_o present_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o shall_v i_o draw_v my_o draught_n for_o placentia_n you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 60_o give_v penny_n 82_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o will_v penny_n 61_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v penny_n 83â…“_n sterling_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o at_o less_o must_v not_o the_o draught_n be_v for_o placentia_n 2._o example_n 2._o again_o posito_fw-la florence_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n at_o penny_n 83_o sterling_a and_o say_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 108_o and_o that_o there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o florence_n that_o at_o these_o rate_v they_o draw_v for_o london_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v from_o london_n to_o placentia_n to_o do_v this_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n of_o florence_n which_o proper_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o crown_n 100_o of_o mark_n by_o penny_n sterling_a 83_o as_o be_v abovementioned_a and_o out_o of_o the_o penny_n that_o be_v thence_o produce_v i_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v penny_n sterling_a 89â…”_n incirca_fw-la and_o so_o many_o penny_n together_o with_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v common_o pay_v in_o florence_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o london_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 3_o example_n again_o to_o antwerp_n come_v order_n from_o london_n to_o draw_v thither_o and_o to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o remittance_n from_o london_n for_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 55_o penny_n sterling_a clear_a of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v 1000_o pound_n sterling_a now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o london_n at_o s._n 33â…“_n and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o grow_v 90â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v essect_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_v s._n 33½_n into_o gros_fw-fr and_o they_o make_v 400_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 240_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 400_o grow_v what_o will_v 55_o penny_n sterlâ—…g_v give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o venice_n it_o will_v make_v gross_a 91â…”_n from_o whence_o mull_v be_v deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n take_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v grow_v 91_o 3_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o profit_n because_o that_o draw_v for_o london_n at_o s._n 33_o â—_o â—_o may_v be_v deliver_v for_o venice_n at_o gross_a 91_o 3_o 10_o and_o there_o present_a bill_n at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o gross_a â…–_n 90_o example_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v needful_a at_o this_o time_n to_o insert_v concern_v the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n now_o there_o only_o rest_v term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n chap._n ccccxlix_fw-la of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n london_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n the_o term_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v with_o other_o city_n thus_o to_o venice_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o antwerp_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o placentia_n the_o same_o as_o lion_n to_o roven_n and_o paris_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccl_n of_o the_o abreviation_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n after_o the_o italian_a and_o foreign_a manner_n and_o method_n manner_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n abreviate_v after_o the_o italian_a manner_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o particular_a tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v the_o arithmetical_a method_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o rule_v practise_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o these_o exchange_n by_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o italy_n it_o will_v be_v here_o needful_a for_o the_o better_a enlighten_v of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o easy_a cast_v up_o and_o calculation_n thereof_o that_o i_o show_v how_o the_o italian_a broker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v abreviate_v their_o labour_n and_o shorten_v their_o task_n therein_o and_o the_o rather_o i_o have_v presume_v to_o add_v the_o same_o here_o and_o in_o this_o place_n partly_o in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o publish_v by_o any_o of_o our_o english_a arithmetician_n but_o princinal_o to_o show_v the_o learner_n the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v there_o wrought_v and_o arithmetical_o calculate_v it_o be_v general_o confess_v by_o all_o arithmetician_n that_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o arithmetic_n depend_v upon_o five_o principal_a rule_n now_o common_o in_o all_o country_n receive_v and_o teach_v that_o be_v by_o numeration_n addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n and_o that_o no_o one_o propose_v question_n in_o arithmetic_n can_v be_v perfect_v without_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o these_o for_o the_o three_o former_a i_o find_v not_o any_o disagreement_n in_o the_o common_a receive_v manner_n by_o they_o and_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n thereof_o but_o of_o the_o two_o latter_a whereby_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o rule_n and_o question_n of_o all_o exchange_n be_v perfect_v and_o perform_v i_o will_v here_o insist_v upon_o induce_v principal_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o enlighten_v thereby_o the_o precedent_a example_n that_o i_o have_v handle_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n beforementioned_a i_o will_v then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a master_n in_o this_o science_n begin_v with_o that_o part_n of_o arithmetic_n which_o we_o call_v division_n and_o by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o work_n thereof_o explain_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o either_o shall_v be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v it_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v desire_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a table_n account_n division_n abreviate_v in_o calculation_n of_o account_n a_o certain_a merchant_n then_o buy_v 46_o clothes_n which_o cost_v he_o 673_o l._n
rate_n of_o so_o many_o shilling_n and_o so_o many_o penny_n flemish_a money_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n be_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a to_o pay_v so_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n hamburgh_n money_n per_fw-la pound_n sterling_a which_o differ_v something_o from_o the_o flemish_a money_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n for_o paris_n and_o roven_n be_v value_v on_o the_o french_a crown_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o french_a crown_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o venice_n be_v make_v on_o the_o ducat_n so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o ducat_n and_o the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o legorn_n be_v make_v on_o the_o dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o dollar_n and_o these_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a place_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n at_o london_n at_o present_a the_o pair_n of_o several_a country_n the_o pair_n at_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleburgh_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n with_o our_o pound_n sterling_a be_v 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n to_o a_o pound_n sterling_a which_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n do_v make_v 10_o gilder_n at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a the_o gilder_n or_o 10_o livre_n tournois_n pair_n at_o france_n the_o pair_n at_o paris_n roven_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 71_o sou_n the_o crown_n or_o 6_o s._n sterling_a the_o french_a crown_n of_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n which_o 3_o livre_n make_v 6_o s._n sterling_a every_o livre_fw-fr at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a and_o every_o 10_o sou_n french_a reckon_v at_o 12_o d._n sterling_a pair_n at_o legorn_n the_o pair_n at_o legorn_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 4_o s._n 6_o d._n or_o 54_o d._n per_fw-la dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o pair_n at_o venice_n the_o pair_n at_o venice_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 6_o livre_n and_o 4_o sou_n of_o venice_n per_fw-la ducat_n or_o 4_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 51_o d._n sterling_a per_fw-la ducat_n pair_n between_o antwerp_n and_o paris_n or_o any_o part_n of_o france_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o 60_o sou_n or_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v usual_o make_v for_o france_n be_v worth_a 89_o 31_o 67_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n tournois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n so_o that_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a be_v the_o pair_n in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n you_o may_v present_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v loss_n or_o gain_n by_o any_o parcel_n do_v by_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v between_o any_o other_o two_o place_n have_v first_o find_v out_o the_o pair_n or_o equalize_v the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o country_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o know_v at_o what_o price_n the_o exchange_n than_o go_v the_o loss_n or_o gain_n will_v soon_o appear_v but_o this_o pair_n be_v ground_v principal_o upon_o the_o currant_n value_v of_o coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhancement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o be_v subject_a to_o change_v as_o experience_n do_v show_v hamburgh_n pair_n twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o hamburgh_n at_o pair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v four_o rixdollar_n which_o make_v flemish_a 33_o s._n 4_o d._n receive_v your_o money_n before_o you_o part_n with_o your_o bill_n by_o assignment_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n elsewhere_o when_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o his_o servant_n come_v for_o the_o money_n to_o the_o party_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o demand_v payment_n thereof_o and_o he_o write_v he_o a_o note_n to_o go_v to_o a_o goldsmith_n or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o man_n and_o there_o order_v the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o that_o he_o give_v he_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n due_a upon_o another_o man_n and_o set_v his_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o leave_v some_o space_n above_o his_o name_n to_o make_v a_o receipt_n for_o the_o money_n as_o be_v usual_a i_o will_v advise_v the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n to_o keep_v his_o bill_n i_o mean_v the_o first_o mention_v bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o his_o custody_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o money_n by_o assignment_n as_o above_o and_o then_o he_o may_v either_o leave_v his_o bill_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n or_o else_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o bill_n back_o to_o the_o party_n that_o give_v he_o the_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v order_v he_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o advise_v to_o part_v with_o the_o first-mentioned_n bill_n and_o to_o give_v it_o up_o to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o be_v actual_o possess_v of_o his_o money_n i_o know_v the_o contrary_n be_v sometime_o practise_v namely_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o such_o a_o note_n etc._n etc._n to_o give_v up_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o then_o here_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o at_o the_o time_n upon_o such_o note_n etc._n etc._n i_o be_o hinder_v from_o protest_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v deliver_v up_o as_o satisfy_v and_o so_o whereas_o i_o before_o have_v both_o the_o drawer_n and_o accep_n or_o bind_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o endorser_n also_o i_o have_v now_o only_o the_o acceptor_n upon_o his_o single-soled_a note_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o acceptor_n or_o party_n on_o who_o my_o bill_n be_v draw_v in_o this_o case_n of_o assignment_n will_v not_o trust_v i_o with_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o to_o go_v to_o receive_v my_o money_n i_o have_v less_o reason_n to_o trust_v he_o with_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o i_o have_v my_o money_n for_o shall_v i_o receive_v my_o money_n upon_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o not_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o i_o be_o a_o solvable_a man_n and_o of_o know_a residence_n his_o bill_n will_v do_v i_o little_a good_a for_o the_o payment_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o note_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o i_o deliver_v up_o my_o bill_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o have_v not_o my_o money_n i_o must_v rest_v only_o upon_o he_o for_o my_o money_n and_o dance_v after_o his_o pipe_n which_o i_o hold_v not_o convenient_a only_o i_o concieve_v it_o good_a for_o the_o party_n that_o make_v such_o a_o note_n to_o mention_v in_o it_o the_o party_n name_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o take_v up_o that_o note_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n but_o suppose_v i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o not_o mention_v in_o it_o to_o take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v this_o note_n receive_v the_o money_n assign_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o he_o have_v on_o i_o to_o another_o man_n and_o play_v the_o knave_n and_o absent_v himself_o can_v this_o other_o man_n sue_v i_o for_o the_o money_n on_o my_o accept_a bill_n i_o answer_v he_o can_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o know_v the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n and_o mention_v in_o my_o note_n that_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n the_o goldsmith_n etc._n etc._n do_v take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o that_o note_n but_o now_o if_o he_o give_v i_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v my_o money_n by_o and_o i_o go_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o he_o do_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o it_o be_v the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a i_o ought_v
11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o lion_n 11_o 3½_n another_o piece_n with_o a_o castle_n 11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o pillar_n and_o a_o castle_n 11_o 3_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n of_o earl_n of_o swarborrow_n 11_o 4_o a_o spanish_a ryal_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o spanish_a ryal_n 9_o  _fw-fr other_o foreign_a coin_n a_o french_a testoon_n with_o 3_o flower-de-luce_n and_o 2_o h._n with_o crown_n over_o they_o and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 15½_n another_o testoon_n with_o a_o flower-de-luce_n and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 2_o another_o testoon_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o h._n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o a_o face_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 10_o 1_o a_o french_a piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v a_o half_a crown_n with_o a_o picture_n of_o a_o king_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o arm_n with_o 2_o lion_n 6_o flower-de-luces_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n crown_v and_o 2_o e._n on_o either_o side_n the_o arm_n date_v 1682._o 10_o  _fw-fr also_o new_a french_a money_n with_o three_o flower-de-luces_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n and_o a_o cross_n with_o flower-de-luces_n on_o the_o end_n 10_o 18_o a_o french_a soul_n 3_o 5½_n a_o piece_n of_o portugal_n money_n be_v a_o crusade_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o arm_n of_o portugal_n on_o the_o other_o 11_o 1_o plate_n make_v in_o lion_n in_o france_n mark_v with_o a_o lion_n head_n 11_o 4_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 2_o a_o mustecego_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o marsello_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o bagatin_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 12_o a_o piece_n of_o bologna_n money_n 9_o 16_o a_o piece_n of_o french_a money_n call_v a_o florin_n 11_o 2_o a_o penny_n of_o france_n 4_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o france_n 10_o 16_o a_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 7_o 15_o another_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 8_o  _fw-fr other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 4_o 18_o other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 3_o 4_o a_o snaphen_n of_o cleve_n 7_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o deventer_n 8_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o campen_n 8â…“_n  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o milan_n 11_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o ravenna_n 11_o 10_o a_o slaper_n of_o ferrara_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o sien_n 10_o 2_o a_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 7_o 5_o a_o cornebot_n of_o monferrat_n 6_o 6_o another_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 11_o 8_o a_o slaper_n of_o bourn_n 11_o 0_o a_o slaper_n of_o portugal_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o foboria_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o baden_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o wirtenberg_n 10_o 16_o a_o slaper_n of_o lorain_n 10_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o savoy_n 7_o 12_o a_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n 5_o 6_o a_o slaper_n of_o salusen_n 6_o 10_o another_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr a_o cornbot_n of_o salusen_n 7_o 4_o a_o slaper_n of_o three_o alonson_n 6_o 6_o targe_n of_o piedmont_n 6_o 10_o stick_n of_o salen_n 6_o 6_o of_o old_a english_a money_n and_o edward_n pence_n of_o 20_o to_o the_o ounce_n civitas_n london_n 11_o 2_o civitas_n chester_n 10_o 17½_n civitas_n kingston_n 10_o 18_o villa_n st._n edmondsbury_n 10_o 13_o civitas_n barwick_n 10_o 18_o civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o 1½_n civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o  _fw-fr civitas_n canterbury_n 10_o 18_o canterbury_n civitas_n 11_o 1_o henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2½_n henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2_o a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n 3d._n 10_o 19¼_n a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n four_o 10_o 19½_n a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 10_o 18¼_n a_o old_a henry_n groat_n with_o a_o long_a face_n and_o long_a hair_n 10_o 19¼_n a_o gun-hole_n groat_n hen._n 8_o 9_o  _fw-fr the_o first_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 8_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 6_o  _fw-fr a_o sixpence_n of_o king_n edw._n 6_o 10_o 19½_n a_o sixpence_n of_o p._n and_o mary_n 10_o 18_o a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 11_o 1½_n the_o first_o harp_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 4_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o harp_n groat_n 6_o 19_o a_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 5_o 19_o a_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 1½_n another_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 16_o a_o penny_n of_o genoa_n 10_o 3_o carolus_n of_o burgundy_n 10_o  _fw-fr money_n of_o anglesey_n 6_o  _fw-fr a_o penny_n of_o camarien_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o groat_n of_o poland_n 9_o  _fw-fr of_o the_o carot_n weight_n use_v only_o for_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n this_o be_v a_o weight_n bring_v from_o the_o venetian_n and_o derive_v from_o the_o indian_n or_o moor_n call_v mangear_n or_o fanan_n which_o be_v a_o weight_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o this_o call_v a_o carot-weight_n whereof_o 150_o carot_n in_o weight_n do_v make_v one_o ounce_n troy_n this_o carot_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 64_o carot_n 32_o carot_n 16_o carot_n 8_o carot_n 4_o carot_n 2_o carot_n 1_o carot_n ½_n carot_n ¼_n carot_n â—_o carot_n â—_o carot_n the_o weight_n use_v in_o india_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n by_o be_v call_v mangeluy_fw-fr or_o mangear_n about_o 5_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o weigh_v two_o tarr_n â…“_n which_o be_v â…”_n part_n of_o 1_o carot_n be_v 4_o grain_n and_o 4_o tarr_n weight_n a_o fanan_n which_o be_v also_o a_o weight_n somewhat_o above_o 2_o of_o our_o carot_n for_o 11_o fanans_n and_o ¼_n be_v one_o mitigal_a and_o 6_o mitigal_n and_o ½_n do_v make_v 1_o ounce_n a_o fanan_n also_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o money_n which_o be_v in_o value_n 1_o ryal_n of_o spain_n now_o follow_v the_o rule_n in_o proportion_n how_o to_o value_v the_o true_a rate_n of_o a_o diamond_n or_o any_o other_o stone_n valuable_a as_o merchant_n of_o skill_n do_v use_v to_o value_v they_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o diamond_n be_v as_o chief_a of_o all_o precious_a stone_n be_v sell_v by_o weight_n from_o merchant_n to_o merchant_n call_v by_o the_o english_a german_a and_o venetian_a a_o carot_n weight_n as_o before_o be_v rehearse_v the_o diamond_n have_v a_o very_a certain_a thickness_n whereby_o it_o be_v certain_o wrought_v out_o and_o polish_v upon_o the_o mill_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v too_o thick_a nor_o too_o thin_a for_o than_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v his_o tent_n but_o must_v have_v his_o just_a proportion_n of_o thickness_n to_o bear_v his_o tent_n or_o else_o to_o be_v set_v on_o velvet_n as_o a_o thin_a stone_n the_o proportion_n be_v that_o the_o two_o square_n on_o the_o side_n must_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v no_o broad_a than_o that_o three_o of_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o will_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o in_o depth_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n and_o the_o square_n call_v bizils_n must_v stand_v close_o with_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o ring_n or_o collet_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v be_v of_o the_o whole_a depth_n and_o somewhat_o long_o than_o square_a and_o yet_o no_o more_o than_o that_o it_o may_v be_v guert_v which_o be_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n thereof_o also_o it_o must_v be_v without_o any_o fault_n both_o in_o corner_n or_o side_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n sharp_a and_o clean_o cut_v without_o any_o naytness_n and_o of_o a_o good_a water-crystalline_a and_o shine_v clear_a not_o yellow_a or_o brown_a bluish_a or_o blackish_a but_o clear_a and_o clean_o in_o all_o perfection_n then_o we_o may_v say_v a_o diamond_n thus_o perfect_a weigh_v one_o carot_n be_v worth_a 50_o ducat_n but_o now_o much_o alter_v from_o that_o value_n to_o double_v the_o same_o as_o a_o diamond_n of_o that_o perfection_n before_o speak_v of_o weigh_v 1_o carot_n be_v worth_a 30_o 35_o or_o 40_o lib._n sterling_n but_o a_o diamond_n not_o so_o perfect_a though_o a_o good_a stone_n clean_o and_o want_v a_o corner_n be_v in_o estimation_n less_o worth_a by_o 10_o ducat_n or_o according_a to_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o buyer_n note_v also_o that_o some_o diamond_n be_v not_o worth_a pass_v 34_o 35_o or_o 36_o dollar_n a_o carot_n which_o be_v likewise_o buy_v by_o the_o merchant_n as_o the_o humour_n lead_v he_o but_o when_o you_o will_v value_v a_o diamond_n you_o must_v look_v effectual_o of_o what_o water_n and_o fashion_v it_o be_v as_o the_o best_a proportion_n be_v either_o the_o square_a table_n or_o point_a then_o if_o it_o have_v all_o his_o depth_n call_v in_o art_n full-ground_n which_o be_v soon_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n unset_v and_o easy_o discern_v in_o one_o set_v in_o a_o ring_n or_o jewel_n for_o be_v a_o full-ground_n stone_n it_o stand_v upon_o his_o
mediterranean_a sea_n add_v join_v themselves_o with_o the_o abovesaid_a levent_v make_v up_o a_o dissolute_a and_o resolute_a company_n of_o seafarers_a and_o pirate_n and_o because_o these_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o work_v any_o matter_n of_o moment_n alone_o to_o make_v their_o strength_n the_o great_a and_o their_o force_n the_o strong_a there_o be_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n add_v thereto_o the_o tagarin_n a_o poor_a desperate_a and_o naked_a rascality_n and_o the_o spanish_a moor_n or_o moorish_a spaniard_n of_o late_a year_n banish_v from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n who_o willing_o some_o in_o purse_n and_o some_o in_o person_n undertake_v these_o design_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o their_o banishment_n from_o their_o native_a country_n their_o case_n herein_o be_v most_o miserable_a for_o whilst_o they_o live_v in_o spain_n they_o be_v account_v for_o moor_n and_o now_o be_v among_o the_o moor_n be_v still_o doubt_v as_o christian_n these_o last_o and_o some_o other_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o city_n of_o tunis_n and_o argier_n do_v still_o profess_v more_o civility_n than_o the_o common_a sort_n and_o have_v some_o relic_n of_o that_o honesty_n leave_v they_o which_o peradventure_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o hither_o out_o of_o europe_n and_o these_o be_v only_o they_o that_o in_o these_o city_n profess_v merchandize_v and_o be_v find_v to_o use_v some_o trade_n alongst_o this_o coast_n from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o and_o so_o to_o marselia_n and_o ligorn_n town_n seat_v on_o the_o christian_a opposite_a shore_n enjoy_v many_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n for_o merchant_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o the_o spaniard_n inhabit_v in_o this_o coast_n in_o sundry_a good_a and_o well_o fortify_v town_n be_v the_o second_o that_o here_o bear_v sway_n the_o country_n for_o some_o certain_a mile_n in_o circuit_n overawe_v by_o their_o garrison_n pay_v they_o contribution_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o charge_n in_o maintain_v these_o exceed_v the_o gain_n yield_v thereby_o and_o here_o be_v but_o little_a trade_n find_v the_o three_o sort_n i_o account_v the_o genoese_a and_o the_o french_a nation_n who_o upon_o this_o coast_n by_o permission_n of_o the_o state_n do_v pay_v certain_a yearly_a pension_n for_o admission_n of_o trade_n and_o have_v build_v themselves_o fortress_n and_o castle_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o person_n and_o ship_n and_o these_o be_v now_o find_v the_o only_a merchant_n inhabit_v this_o coast_n here_o they_o have_v their_o scale_n for_o the_o coral-fishing_a for_o honey_n wax_n corn_n hides_n horse_n sponge_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n which_o the_o countryman_n willing_o for_o love_n of_o their_o spanish_a plate_n do_v bring_v they_o in_o and_o here_o traffic_n be_v make_v upon_o good_a term_n and_o sure_a guard_n buy_v and_o sell_v as_o they_o listen_v to_o inhanse_v or_o debase_v the_o commodity_n the_o either_o buy_v or_o fell_v by_o which_o a_o great_a gain_n be_v yearly_o make_v unto_o they_o argier_n the_o piratical_a trade_n of_o tunis_n and_o argier_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v necessary_a in_o this_o point_n of_o merchantile_fw-la traffic_n in_o these_o two_o kingdom_n and_o city_n of_o tunis_n and_o argier_n but_o there_o be_v here_o a_o piratical_a trade_n also_o much_o practise_v by_o the_o people_n of_o these_o two_o place_n who_o set_v out_o vessel_n in_o partnership_n and_o share_n to_o take_v prize_n or_o gonimas_fw-la as_o they_o term_v they_o which_o be_v ever_o perform_v by_o all_o manner_n of_o advantage_n without_o faith_n or_o promise_n either_o keep_v or_o regard_v which_o spoil_n have_v be_v so_o great_a and_o their_o booty_n so_o beneficial_a that_o the_o desperate_a spirit_n of_o many_o of_o sundry_a nation_n have_v come_v hither_o in_o hope_n to_o raise_v by_o rapine_n and_o theft_n what_o else_o by_o honest_a course_n they_o can_v not_o elsewhere_o compass_v their_o manner_n of_o set_v forth_o these_o ship_n be_v upon_o a_o small_a cost_n and_o do_v with_o little_a charge_n consider_v the_o frugality_n in_o diet_n use_v in_o these_o country_n and_o their_o division_n at_o their_o return_n be_v common_o allot_v as_o i_o observe_v in_o these_o part_n when_o for_o some_o time_n i_o abide_v among_o they_o and_o be_v still_o continue_a â…•_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vessel_n â…“_n for_o the_o victualler_n and_o setter_n out_o and_o â…“_n for_o the_o captain_n and_o his_o company_n and_o this_o be_v true_o and_o exact_o make_v in_o species_n and_o kind_a for_o they_o hardly_o admit_v a_o commodity_n take_v or_o slave_n captivate_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o market_n and_o the_o dividend_n to_o be_v make_v in_o money_n but_o they_o as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v will_v divide_v it_o in_o kind_n as_o if_o a_o bag_n of_o pepper_n then_o by_o dishful_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n or_o linen_n then_o by_o proportional_a share_n according_a to_o their_o gross_a capacity_n which_o custom_n i_o understand_v be_v since_o by_o their_o better_a judgement_n rectify_v and_o merchant_n ship_n warn_v by_o their_o loss_n of_o latter_a day_n to_o go_v better_o arm_v man_v and_o provide_v and_o see_v their_o prize_n come_v in_o thin_a they_o be_v more_o provident_a in_o their_o division_n though_o more_o venturous_a in_o their_o theft_n argier_n in_o this_o kind_n have_v be_v able_a to_o set_v out_o near_o 300_o sail_n little_a and_o great_a in_o those_o time_n now_o not_o a_o quarter_n so_o many_o and_o tunis_n then_o have_v 20_o in_o 31_o good_a sail_n now_o it_o have_v not_o a_o dozen_o so_o that_o i_o may_v conclude_v their_o trade_n decrease_v and_o daily_o diminish_v which_o god_n of_o his_o goodness_n grant_v it_o may_v still_o do_v to_o the_o merchant_n comfort_n and_o the_o mariner_n joy_n and_o thus_o leave_v these_o two_o piratical_a kingdom_n and_o city_n with_o this_o maritime_a coast_n thereof_o of_o sally_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o sally_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o river_n into_o two_o town_n call_v the_o old_a and_o new_a inhabit_v by_o the_o race_n of_o those_o moor_n which_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o spain_n which_o profess_v the_o mahometan_a religion_n it_o be_v command_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n well_o fortify_v which_o command_v the_o harbour_n ship_n may_v ride_v in_o the_o open_a road_n without_o command_n in_o fine_a to_o 30_o fathom_v water_n good_a anchor_a all_o vessel_n not_o draw_v above_o 10_o foot_n water_n may_v enter_v over_o the_o bar_n into_o the_o creek_n or_o harbour_n where_o they_o lie_v in_o safety_n fasten_v ashore_o the_o harbour_n will_v hold_v at_o least_o 100_o sail._n merchant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o trade_n to_o this_o place_n will_v not_o venture_v to_o carry_v their_o good_n on_o shore_n without_o a_o protection_n from_o the_o governor_n nor_o hardly_o then_o neither_o because_o of_o the_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o great_a security_n trade_n on_o shipboard_n with_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n jew_n of_o the_o worst_a sort_n coin_n their_o coin_n they_o coin_v money_n in_o the_o town_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n their_o gold_n be_v the_o ducat_n worth_a about_o 8_o s._n sterling_n their_o silver_n be_v the_o blanckhil_n worth_a about_o 2_o d._n be_v the_o 48._o part_n of_o their_o ducat_n their_o copper_n coin_n be_v sluice_n pass_v for_o the_o 20._o part_n of_o the_o blanckhil_n or_o the_o 10._o part_n of_o a_o penny_n surling_n all_o coin_n of_o spain_n the_o french_a crown_n the_o venice_n chequin_n be_v payable_a here_o and_o indeed_o the_o coin_n of_o all_o nation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v here_o passable_a by_o weight_n for_o their_o value_n weight_n weight_n their_o weight_n be_v those_o for_o the_o most_o as_o in_o spain_n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n for_o corn_n be_v a_o armudo_n about_o 5_o to_o our_o bushel_n their_o long_a measure_n a_o brace_n about_o 18_o inch_n their_o commodity_n be_v chief_o cow-hides_a goatskin_n wax_v honey_n oil_n date_n commodity_n carry_v thither_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o cloth_n both_o linen_n and_o woollen_a great_a quantity_n of_o firelock_n musket_n pistol_n knife_n and_o ironwork_n of_o all_o sort_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o fez_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o fez_n be_v be_v divide_v into_o 7_o province_n which_o borrow_v their_o name_n from_o the_o town_n seat_v therein_o the_o first_o be_v hamlisnon_n seat_v in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o second_o be_v seuta_n now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o town_n of_o this_o name_n strong_o by_o they_o fortify_v the_o three_o be_v tangier_n a_o city_n also_o fortify_v and_o belong_v likewise_o to_o they_o the_o four_o be_v mehenes_n
as_o i_o say_v before_o which_o they_o account_v as_o their_o great_a treasure_n and_o with_o which_o their_o barter_n and_o exchange_n for_o thing_n necessary_a be_v make_v but_o now_o of_o late_a the_o king_n of_o achin_n in_o imitation_n of_o other_o adjoin_a prince_n and_o so_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o malacca_n now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o portugal_n have_v coin_v money_n which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v these_o a_o mass_n which_o be_v here_o account_v for_o 4_o cappan_n which_o be_v 12_o d._n sterling_a a_o tail_n be_v 16_o mass_n or_o 3â…•_n â„ž_o â—_o â—_o or_o sterling_a money_n 16_o s._n a_o cattee_n be_v 8_o tail_n in_o ordinary_a account_n and_o worth_a 25â…”_n â„ž_o â—_o spanish_a or_o 6_o l._n 8_o s._n sterling_a and_o sometime_o in_o exchange_n from_o hence_o to_o other_o adjacent_a part_n they_o account_v 7¼_n and_o 7½_n tail_n to_o one_o cattee_n java_n account_n keep_v in_o java_n in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n as_o jambe_n tycho_n and_o priaman_n they_o have_v no_o coin_n of_o their_o own_o but_o the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o spanish_a â„ž_o â—_o in_o which_o the_o european_n keep_v their_o account_n and_o for_o distinction_n divide_v it_o to_o be_v 60_o denier_n or_o pence_n to_o a_o â„ž_o â—_o jambe_n weight_n of_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n jambe_n the_o common_a through_o all_o summatra_n be_v a_o bahar_n but_o yet_o find_v to_o vary_v in_o many_o place_n and_o consist_v of_o cattee_n which_o in_o greatness_n also_o vary_v and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o difference_n but_o in_o achin_n priamam_fw-la ticcou_n and_o jambe_n where_o the_o english_a reside_v the_o bahar_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o each_o of_o these_o place_n 200_o cattee_n every_o cattee_n be_v 29_o ounce_n english_a so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n the_o bahar_n must_v make_v 360_o l._n english_a sotile_a summatra_n measure_n in_o summatra_n the_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n be_v chap._n cvi_o of_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o next_o island_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v borneo_n and_o be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o aequinoctial_a into_o two_o part_n put_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bind_v between_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o borneo_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o of_o laus_n on_o the_o south_n in_o compass_n account_v above_o 2200_o mile_n and_o hold_v the_o great_a of_o all_o this_o ocean_n island_n commodity_n of_o borneo_n island_n the_o country_n do_v yield_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o wood_n which_o we_o call_v camphora_n also_o that_o wood_n know_v by_o the_o portugal_n by_o the_o name_n of_o polo_n d'_fw-fr aguila_n and_o also_o that_o costly_a sweat_n wood_n which_o be_v call_v collamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n also_o here_o be_v find_v some_o gold_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n agarick_n and_o other_o spice_n and_o great_a abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a antidote_n which_o in_o europe_n be_v call_v the_o bezoar-stone_n island_n town_n of_o borneo_n island_n it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o many_o fair_a town_n and_o harbour_n as_o cabura_n taioparra_n tamorutas_fw-la and_o borneo_n the_o metropolis_n and_o most_o magnificent_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n contain_v 25_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o marish_a of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o venice_n borneo_n secodana_n and_o benicrmasa_n english_a factory_n in_o borneo_n also_o secodana_n where_o many_o diamond_n be_v find_v and_o where_o the_o english_a some_o year_n past_a have_v a_o factory_a and_o residence_n as_o also_o the_o same_o in_o beniermasa_n another_o good_a port_n in_o this_o island_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o coin_n current_n here_o in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n nor_o yet_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n in_o this_o island_n therefore_o must_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o to_o the_o trader_n thither_o chap._n cvii_o of_o celebs_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n celebs_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o celebs_n be_v the_o next_o in_o this_o tract_n nor_o far_o distant_a from_o borneo_n island_n through_o part_n of_o which_o run_v the_o equator_fw-la yield_v by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o commodity_n proper_a to_o summatra_n borneo_n gilolo_n and_o other_o seat_v under_o the_o same_o line_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o several_a prince_n and_o enjoy_v some_o eminent_a town_n frequent_v by_o european_a merchant_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o rich_a commodity_n as_o durati_fw-la mamaio_n tubon_n and_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o english_a factory_a in_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o chief_a port_n for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o island_n and_o where_o the_o english_a have_v a_o residence_n and_o factory_a and_o follow_v their_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o place_n i_o find_v maccasar_n coin_n current_a in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n their_o coin_n current_a here_o in_o use_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o mass_n cupan_n and_o tail_n thus_o value_v a_o tail_n be_v account_v for_o 16_o mass_n in_o current_a value_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v worth_a 15_o rial_n of_o eight_o a_o mass_n be_v a_o gold_n coin_n as_o be_v the_o tail_n and_o want_v somewhat_o of_o 5_o s._n or_o a_o rial_n of_o â—_o 8_o spanish_a and_o this_o mass_n be_v 4_o cuppan_n each_o captain_z esteem_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n sterling_a money_n and_o by_o this_o calculation_n the_o tail_n shall_v make_v sterling_a 3_o l._n 14_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o by_o the_o account_n of_o â„ž_o â—_o 8_o at_o 5_o s._n sterling_a the_o tail_n be_v 3_o l._n 15_o s._n sterling_a maccasar_n weight_n in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n the_o common_a weight_n in_o use_n be_v the_o ganton_n zicoyan_n and_o mass_n thus_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a weight_n averdupois_n the_o ganton_n be_v both_o a_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o weight_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 5_o l._n english_a and_o in_o measure_n about_o two_o english_a gallon_n a_o mass_n in_o weight_n be_v 40_o gantons_n which_o be_v 200_o l._n english_a or_o 80_o gallon_n english_a a_o zicoyan_a be_v 20_o mass_n in_o weight_n which_o be_v 4000_o l._n english_a or_o 800_o canton_n of_o this_o place_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v a_o work_n past_o my_o skill_n or_o i_o think_v most_o man_n else_n consider_v the_o multitude_n thereof_o philippiâ—…_n philippiâ—…_n the_o philippines_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o anno_fw-la 1564_o be_v in_o number_n 110_o thousand_o as_o some_o author_n report_n over_o against_o china_n be_v also_o find_v 7448_o island_n and_o about_o india_n 127000_o great_a and_o small_a more_o which_o in_o many_o place_n stand_v so_o nigh_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v afar_o off_o to_o touch_v and_o to_o be_v all_o one_o firm_a land_n but_o whosoever_o pass_v between_o they_o may_v with_o his_o hand_n touch_v the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n both_o on_o the_o one_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o commodity_n be_v find_v grow_v upon_o these_o island_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o many_o of_o they_o maintain_v a_o traffic_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v 1498._o the_o portugal_n the_o first_o master_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o east-india_n 1498._o now_o forasmuch_o as_o portugal_n dutch_a and_o english_a have_v of_o late_a year_n discover_v those_o country_n of_o india_n and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v since_o settle_v themselves_o by_o fort_n and_o castle_n there_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v here_o survey_v their_o strength_n and_o hold_v build_v for_o defence_n and_o their_o factory_a settle_a for_o traffic_n throughout_o this_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o island_n thereof_o the_o portugal_n than_o be_v the_o first_o that_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1498._o depart_v from_o lisbon_n under_o command_n of_o vasco_n di_fw-it gamma_n double_v the_o cape_n of_o bona_n esperance_fw-fr which_o have_v prove_v so_o successful_a to_o they_o since_o that_o time_n that_o they_o have_v master_v conquer_v and_o fortify_v themselves_o beyond_o that_o cape_n in_o soffala_n quiloa_n mosambique_n mombasa_n and_o in_o ormus_n in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n late_o again_o lose_v in_o india_n they_o have_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o diu_n daman_n basain_n châ—…_n goa_n honour_n barsola_n mongalor_n cananor_n cronganor_n cochin_n and_o colan_n in_o silon_n they_o have_v column_n brag_v of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a port_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n they_o hold_v negapatam_n and_o st._n thomas_n in_o bengala_n they_o have_v porto_n pequenio_n
great_a nation_n but_o my_o ignorance_n herein_o do_v silence_v i_o therefore_o it_o shall_v content_v i_o to_o have_v survey_v it_o in_o the_o general_n and_o to_o have_v leave_v behind_o i_o what_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o collect_v of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trader_n of_o those_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n and_o country_n know_v that_o their_o strange_a custom_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o law_n and_o government_n debar_v all_o easy_a access_n into_o their_o dominion_n and_o what_o other_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o see_v i_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o offer_v to_o recount_v to_o conclude_v then_o have_v thus_o run_v over_o and_o survey_v the_o general_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n of_o asia_n i_o will_v now_o turn_v myself_o towards_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o this_o work_n and_o as_o the_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o the_o best_a repute_v of_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cx_o of_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n here_o handle_v and_o the_o kingdom_n thereof_o part_n europe_n 15_o part_n europe_n which_o i_o have_v willing_o omit_v as_o last_v and_o principal_a come_v now_o to_o be_v survey_v that_o the_o trade_n thereof_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v in_o her_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n shall_v be_v in_o prerogative_n of_o worth_a the_o chief_a and_o first_o but_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n i_o show_v the_o best_a last_n and_o the_o worst_a first_o europe_n then_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o province_n and_o island_n 1_o spain_n 2_o france_n 3_o italy_n 4_o belgia_n 5_o germany_n 6_o denmark_n 7_o norway_n 8_o sweden_n 9_o muscovia_n 10_o poland_n 11_o hungary_n 12_o dacia_n 13_o slavonia_n 14_o graecia_n the_o island_n of_o europe_n be_v disperse_v through_o these_o sea_n 1_o greek_a sea_n 2_o egean_a sea_n 3_o cretan_a sea_n 4_o ionian_a sea_n 5_o adriatic_a sea_n 6_o mediterranean_a sea_n 7_o british_a sea_n 8_o northern_a sea_n of_o all_o which_o in_o order_n and_o of_o each_o of_o these_o division_n in_o order_n chap._n cxi_o of_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o spain_n spain_n spain_n the_o most_o western_a continent_n of_o europe_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o france_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o pampelona_n on_o the_o northwest_n and_o perpignan_n on_o the_o southeast_n spain_n commodity_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v for_o merchandise_n be_v wine_n sugar_n oil_n metal_n liquorish_a rice_n silk_n wool_n cork_n rosin_n steel_n orange_n lemon_n raisin_n almond_n etc._n etc._n anniseed_n anchovy_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la fig_n tunny-fish_n iron_n shumack_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n hony_n wax_n etc._n etc._n spain_n be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o province_n which_o former_o be_v petty_a kingdom_n viz._n 1._o leon_n &_o oviedo_n 2._o navarre_n 3._o corduba_n 4._o gallicia_n 5._o biscay_n 6._o toledo_n 7._o murâ—ia_n 8._o castille_n 9_o portugal_n 10_o valentia_n 11._o catalonia_n 12._o arragon_n of_o which_o in_o order_n with_o their_o city_n of_o note_n and_o traffic_v 2._o leon_n 1_o oviedo_n 2._o in_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n i_o find_v no_o city_n of_o trade_n memorable_a the_o city_n of_o leon_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o be_v the_o principality_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o spain_n under_o the_o name_n of_o asturiaâ—_n 2._o navarra_n 2._o in_o navarre_n be_v of_o note_n the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n famous_a for_o her_o fortification_n and_o not_o for_o her_o negotiation_n 4._o corduba_n 4._o corduba_n be_v account_v the_o most_o fertile_a soil_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o have_v corduba_n for_o a_o principal_a city_n from_o whence_o come_v that_o excellent_a cordovant_n leather_n know_v to_o we_o 2._o marchena_n a_o principal_a breeder_n of_o the_o best_a genets_n in_o spain_n also_o 3._o medina_n sidonia_n who_o duke_n be_v principal_a commander_n of_o that_o pretend_a invincible_a armado_n 1588._o also_o lucardi_n barameda_n a_o great_a haven-town_n xere_n which_o yield_v the_o wine_n know_v sherry_n sack_n because_o the_o spaniard_n be_v find_v to_o pronounce_v x_o as_o sh_n in_o english_a and_o also_o sevil_n which_o require_v according_a to_o my_o method_n for_o her_o worth_n and_o eminency_n of_o trade_n a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n xciii_o of_o sevil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o sevil_n be_v account_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o all_o spain_n in_o compass_n six_o mile_n environ_v with_o beautiful_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o stately_a building_n as_o palace_n church_n and_o monastery_n one_o whereof_o be_v endow_v with_o 25000_o crown_n annual_a rent_n the_o river_n baetis_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n yet_o join_v by_o a_o stately_a bridge_n from_o hence_o the_o spaniard_n set_v out_o towards_o the_o western_a india_n and_o hither_o return_v again_o to_o unlade_v the_o riches_n of_o those_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o principal_o be_v find_v to_o be_v silver_n tobacco_n ginger_n cotton_n sugar_n brasil_n and_o ferinand_n bucquewood_n and_o some_o drug_n here_o be_v 30000_o geneâ—s_n maintain_v continual_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o service_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n be_v of_o that_o greatness_n that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o town_n only_o be_v worth_a unto_o the_o king_n half_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_a and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sevil_n be_v hold_v so_o rich_a that_o his_o rend_a amount_n to_o 100000_o crown_n yearly_a and_o have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n 2000_o small_a village_n and_o consequent_o in_o his_o whole_a diocese_n 2000_o benefice_n beside_o friary_n nunnery_n and_o hospital_n and_o esteem_v the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o he_o of_o toledo_n the_o rarity_n of_o this_o place_n i_o willing_o omit_v as_o well_o know_v to_o out_o nation_n madera_n account_n keep_v in_o sevil_n and_o madera_n in_o sevil_n madera_n etc._n etc._n the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n by_o marvedy_n of_o which_o 375_o be_v esteem_v to_o make_v a_o ducat_n of_o exx_n o_o 11_o rial_n every_o rial_n be_v 37_o mal._n and_o so_o be_v but_o 374_o mal._n but_o our_o english_a there_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o rial_n of_o 34._o mal._n the_o rial_n sevil_n coin_n of_o sevil_n their_o current_a money_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o sevil_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n account_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n sterl_n a_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a in_o sevil_n 34_o marvedy_n and_o be_v so_o worth_a throughout_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v account_v 6_o d._n sterling_a money_n a_o dobra_n current_n be_v worth_a of_o carlin_n money_n â—1_n â—7_n marvedy_n every_o 1000_o dobras_n be_v 80_o v._o 883_o marvedy_n and_o be_v account_v in_o merchandise_n 71_o mar._n and_o be_v worth_a in_o valentia_n at_o even_a hand_n 4_o sold._n 7._o den._n 1_o 10_o of_o valentia_n money_n without_o charge_n of_o exch._n a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n or_o be_v above_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n a_o castilian_a of_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n about_o 7_o s._n star_z vide_fw-la money_n in_o castille_n current_n in_o all_o spain_n sevil._n exchange_n in_o sevil._n their_o exx_n o_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a ducat_n of_o 375_o mar._n payable_a in_o banco_n with_o five_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o banco_n salary_n or_o without_o the_o banco_n to_o be_v pay_v without_o the_o same_o and_o this_o ducat_n be_v common_o term_v ducato_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr peso_fw-mi and_o be_v worth_a as_o above_o 375_o marvedy_n in_o sevil_n they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o follow_v if_o you_o say_v in_o ducat_n di_fw-it oro_fw-la oâ—_n de_fw-fr castilia_n upon_o banco_n those_o be_v then_o pay_v in_o banco_n without_o loss_n at_o all_o but_o if_o you_o say_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o so_o many_o ducat_n doro_n in_o pistolet_n forth_o of_o banco_n they_o will_v pay_v in_o the_o say_a money_n but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pay_v in_o carlins_n it_o will_v cost_v ½_n and_o sometime_o ¾_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la loss_n but_o because_o i_o have_v at_o large_a in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o chapter_n 294_o and_o 426_o treat_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o i_o will_v to_o avoid_v repetition_n refer_v the_o reader_n thereunto_o for_o further_a and_o ample_a satisfaction_n sevil._n weight_n of_o sevil._n there_o be_v use_v in_o sevil_n three_o weight_n or_o kintars_n as_o first_o the_o small_a which_o comprehend_v 112_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 28_o pound_n a_o rove_n the_o next_o be_v of_o 120_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n to_o a_o rove_n the_o
last_o be_v the_o great_a of_o 144_o l_o of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n a_o rove_n which_o last_o be_v account_v the_o common_a kintar_n of_o sevil_n upon_o which_o these_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v which_o for_o the_o certainty_n i_o refer_v to_o trial_n 100_o l._n in_o sevil_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n 102_o l._n marselia_n 113_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_n 152_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_n 96_o  _fw-fr steilia_n 56½_n  _fw-fr lisbon_n 90½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 129½_n  _fw-fr antwerp_n 98_o  _fw-fr lion_n 97_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 117_o  _fw-fr genoa_n gross_n 100_o  _fw-fr wool_n spanish_a wool_n wool_n of_o sevil_n be_v common_o here_o buy_v about_o michaelmas_n and_o they_o pay_v 〈◊〉_d ready_a money_n 〈◊〉_d at_o christmas_n and_o have_v from_o march_n to_o may_v for_o payment_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o which_o here_o be_v great_a quantity_n provide_v silk_n raw_a silk_n silk_n be_v buy_v at_o almeria_n common_o worth_a 28_o pesanti_n the_o l._n morisco_n which_o be_v 18_o s._n florence_n for_o which_o place_n it_o be_v buy_v and_o this_o it_o will_v cost_v 1020_o mar._n the_o say_a pound_n which_o be_v 30_o rial_n which_o be_v perform_v between_o june_n and_o october_n the_o best_a time_n be_v from_o july_n to_o august_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n for_o after_o that_o the_o weight_n of_o silk_n will_v increase_v and_o as_o for_o other_o commodity_n here_o find_v beside_o wool_n and_o silk_n it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o place_n but_o for_o the_o most_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o natural_a commodity_n import_v from_o the_o west-indies_n of_o which_o this_o be_v the_o principal_a port_n and_o scale_n in_o europe_n and_o as_o a_o country_n entire_o challenge_v by_o the_o spaniard_n sevil._n measure_n of_o sevil._n their_o common_a measure_n in_o sevil_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la which_o have_v be_v observe_v the_o 100_o vares_n to_o make_v in_o london_n else_o 74_o anvers_n  _fw-fr 123_o frankford_n  _fw-fr 154_o dantzick_n  _fw-fr 102_o vienna_n  _fw-fr 107_o lion_n a._n 75_o paris_n al._n 70_o genoav_n pal._n 336_o roven_n all_o 74_o lisbon_n v._n 74_o madera_n br._n 76_o venetia_n  _fw-fr 133_o lucca_n  _fw-fr 148_o florence_n  _fw-fr 151_o milan_n  _fw-fr 170_o oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v buy_v here_o by_o the_o rove_n 64_o rove_n be_v in_o venetia_n one_o miaria_n 40_o or_o 41_o rove_n make_v a_o pipe_n a_o rove_n be_v 8_o summer_n a_o summer_n be_v 4_o quartile_n and_o a_o quartile_a be_v â…›_n of_o a_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n and_o 2_o pipe_n or_o 81_o rove_n be_v 25_o or_o 26_o florence_n barrel_n or_o 252_o gall._n gallon_n of_o english_a measure_n but_o sevil_n gage_n be_v account_v but_o of_o these_o pipe_n 236_o gallon_n at_o 118_o gallon_n the_o pipe_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v measure_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o cassise_n which_o be_v 28_o staos_n of_o florence_n and_o make_v bushel_n english_a lucar_n st._n lucar_n note_v that_o st._n lucar_n be_v the_o seaport_n of_o this_o city_n whereto_o all_o ship_n of_o burden_n do_v first_o come_v and_o there_o lade_v and_o unlade_v and_o where_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom-house_n do_v come_v aboard_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o goodsboth_n land_v and_o lade_v for_o the_o city_n of_o sevil_n where_o the_o custom-house_n be_v sevil._n custom_n of_o sevil._n the_o custom_n of_o sevil_n be_v great_a and_o arise_v upon_o some_o good_n to_o 10_o 15_o 20_o and_o upon_o most_o to_o 25_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o i_o must_v refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v only_o it_o be_v note_v by_o some_o that_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n revenue_n that_o the_o custom-house_n yearly_a of_o this_o city_n do_v yield_v he_o as_o i_o say_v before_o half_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n andalusia_n andalusia_n to_o proceed_v in_o the_o precinct_n of_o corduba_n lie_v andalusia_n wherein_o i_o find_v sevil_n to_o be_v seat_v second_o granado_n wherein_o the_o city_n of_o granado_n malaga_n and_o almeria_n principal_a city_n be_v situate_v and_o last_o estremadura_n wherein_o i_o find_v only_a merida_n for_o a_o city_n of_o note_n but_o not_o of_o trade_n malaga_n granada_n malaga_n therefore_o a_o word_n of_o the_o two_o former_a granada_n and_o malaga_n better_a know_v to_o the_o english_a chap._n cxiii_o of_o granado_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o granado_n be_v the_o ordinary_a parliament_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o all_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o spain_n as_o valladolid_n be_v for_o the_o north_n and_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v where_o lawyer_n be_v find_v to_o abound_v little_a trade_n be_v common_o concurrent_a it_o be_v of_o itself_o a_o stately_a town_n and_o curious_o build_v all_o of_o freestone_n it_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n have_v twelve_o gate_n and_o 130_o turret_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o late_a moorish_a king_n be_v the_o prime_n and_o most_o magnificent_a build_n of_o this_o city_n it_o it_o seat_v within_o the_o land_n and_o have_v motril_n for_o the_o next_o port_n the_o neighbourhood_n of_o almeria_n and_o malaga_n both_o maritime_a port_n hinder_v much_o the_o trade_n thereof_o therefore_o i_o shall_v insist_v the_o lesser_a upon_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n which_o principal_o depend_v upon_o the_o râ—…_n silk_n make_v here_o and_o upon_o the_o fabric_n wrought_v thereof_o granado_n weight_n use_v in_o granado_n the_o weight_n here_o use_v be_v the_o cantar_n of_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o some_o english_a to_o make_v 118_o l._n averdupois_n and_o by_o some_o venetian_n to_o have_v make_v there_o 111_o l._n gross_a and_o 175_o l._n sotile_n the_o measure_n be_v as_o at_o malaga_n chap._n cxiv_o of_o malaga_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o malaga_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n abound_v in_o raisin_n and_o wine_n that_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o thence_o vent_v to_o our_o cold_a climate_n which_o make_v this_o town_n famous_a for_o its_o plenty_n therein_o where_o touch_v anno_fw-la 1617._o i_o note_v this_o observation_n malaga_n coin_n in_o malaga_n their_o money_n be_v general_a with_o all_o spain_n the_o principal_a be_v a_o rial_n which_o be_v 34_o marvedy_n and_o be_v 6_o d._n sterl_n a_o pistolet_n of_o gold_n be_v 23½_n rial_n and_o the_o double_a be_v 47_o rial_n malaga_n custom_n of_o malaga_n their_o custom_n upon_o merchandise_n here_o differ_v for_o sugar_n almond_n wine_n and_o oil_n be_v find_v to_o pay_v custom_n outward_o 7½_n per_n cent_n cochineal_n and_o other_o such_o fine_a commodity_n 10._o all_o commodity_n which_o be_v find_v to_o issue_n out_o else_o 5._o all_o commodity_n transport_v from_o port_n to_o port_n 2._o malaga_n weight_n of_o malaga_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o 100_o l._n divide_v into_o four_o part_n of_o 25_o l._n which_o they_o call_v the_o rove_n and_o every_o pound_n be_v 16_o ounce_n and_o 1_o ounce_n make_v 16_o dram_n and_o each_o dram_n 28_o grain_n and_o this_o 100_o l._n or_o kintar_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 112_o l._n 5_o ounce_n english_a but_o yet_o i_o find_v some_o the_o have_v make_v observation_n upon_o this_o place_n allege_v that_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o malaga_n will_v yield_v iâ—_n london_n 105_o l_o malaga_n measure_n of_o malaga_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o vare_fw-la which_o be_v 27â…ž_n inch_n by_o rule_n their_o liquid_a measure_n for_o wine_n and_o oil_n be_v a_o rove_n and_o divide_v into_o 8_o sombre_n 25_o roâ—_n make_v a_o pipe_n and_o be_v 100_o gallon_n english_a corn._n of_o corn._n their_o grain_n measure_n be_v a_o hanock_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o almodes_n this_o hand_n be_v ¼_n of_o a_o bushel_n and_o twelve_o gallon_n english_a which_o weigh_v by_o heap_n 144_o l._n and_o by_o strâ—…_n 29_o l._n english_a almeria_n almeria_n note_v that_o almeria_n agree_v in_o weight_n and_o measure_n with_o malaga_n abovenamed_a gallicia_n gallicia_n in_o galicia_n i_o find_v only_o st._n james_n of_o compostella_n famous_a for_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o st._n james_n which_o be_v worship_v with_o incredible_a devotion_n baiona_n q._n baiona_n baiona_n common_o call_v the_o groin_n whereto_o some_o trade_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n principal_o of_o bristol_n which_o i_o brief_o thus_o anatomize_v the_o coin_n be_v the_o same_o as_o use_v throughout_o spain_n here_o be_v in_o use_n two_o quintal_n the_o one_o proper_a to_o iron_n which_o be_v london_n 122_o l._n and_o the_o other_o call_v the_o sutle_n quintal_n which_o be_v 108_o l._n and_o the_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n be_v as_o in_o biâ—…_n follow_v thereof_o biscay_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o biscay_n i_o find_v bilboa_n and_o st._n sebastian_n two_o note_a town_n for_o trading_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n whereupon_o i_o have_v
and_o a_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n may_v be_v account_v half_o a_o staio_n of_o florence_n which_o make_v gal._n eng._n lisbon_n custom_n of_o lisbon_n the_o custom_n be_v inward_o 23_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o dechima_fw-la 10_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o the_o siâ—e_n 10_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o to_o the_o consolado_n 3_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o custom_n outward_o be_v only_o 3_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la lisbon_n observation_n upon_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o lisbon_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v also_o make_v upon_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n 22_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n have_v make_v in_o sicilia_n upon_o corn_n 1_o general_a salmo_n alquiers_n 3â…›_n have_v make_v in_o marselia_n one_o mina_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o muy_fw-es of_o corn_n and_o salt_n be_v all_o alike_o but_o that_o there_o be_v give_v one_o in_o 24_o more_o upon_o salt_n because_o the_o salt_n lose_v and_o not_o the_o corn._n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o wine_n in_o lisbon_n be_v 52_o almudin_n and_o one_o almudin_n be_v 13_o chanate_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v in_o eâ—gland_n gallon_n valentia_n valentia_n the_o next_o province_n be_v valentia_n give_v name_n or_o take_v it_o from_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n which_o be_v seat_v some_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o there_o a_o find_v a_o open_a road_n call_v la_fw-fr grevo_n and_o not_o capable_a of_o great_a ship_n nor_o indeed_o safe_a for_o ship_n of_o any_o note_a burden_n therefore_o be_v alicant_n become_v the_o principal_a scale_n for_o this_o city_n iâ—_n which_o place_n have_v reside_v for_o some_o time_n anno_fw-la 1617._o i_o shall_v touch_v the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o observe_v by_o i_o in_o those_o day_n chap._n cxviii_o of_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o valentia_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o valentia_n give_v rule_n to_o all_o the_o adjoin_a place_n as_o well_o for_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o judicature_n wherein_o be_v vent_v yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o pepper_n tin_n lead_v bays_n linen_n fish_n as_o pilchard_n herring_n and_o neâ—land_n fish_n and_o such_o other_o like_o commodity_n have_v their_o money_n current_n weight_n and_o measurâ—…_n as_o follow_v valentia_n coin_n of_o valentia_n a_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v worth_a 20_o sold._n of_o that_o money_n and_o be_v 5_o s._n sterling_n a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v 21_o sold._n of_o the_o say_a money_n a_o castiliano_fw-mi be_v 27_o sold._n and_o 4_o denier_n of_o the_o same_o money_n a_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v worth_a 365_o marvedy_n of_o castilia_n and_o change_v they_o at_o naples_n for_o valentia_n 18_o sell_v 4_o denier_n which_o with_o the_o charge_n come_v even_o because_o a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n be_v worth_a at_o naples_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o sell_v 18_o den._n 3½_n and_o this_o because_o your_o money_n be_v at_o 15_o peâ—_n centum_fw-la their_o great_a money_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o 6_o sell_v which_o be_v three_o rial_n castille_n then_o have_v they_o three_o sell_v which_o â—…_n rial_n and_o the_o half_a of_o three_o sell_v which_o be_v 18_o denier_n which_o be_v 1½_n sell_v every_o soldo_fw-it be_v 12_o denier_n and_o 24_o denier_n be_v a_o rial_n castiliano_fw-mi which_o be_v 6._o d._n sterl_n valentia_n account_n in_o valentia_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n account_v to_o a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sell_v to_o a_o liver_n which_o be_v 10_o rial_n castille_n 50_o soul_n french_a and_o 5._o s._n sterl_n valentia_n weight_n of_o valentia_n the_o weight_n be_v these_o and_o thus_o distinguish_v the_o great_a weight_n be_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v 360_o l._n of_o valentia_n and_o have_v be_v sound_a to_o increase_v 3_o or_o 4_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la after_o the_o weight_n of_o florence_n gross_a cargo_n fine_a ditto_n gross_a this_o cargo_n be_v account_v to_o be_v 12_o reves_n as_o well_o of_o sine_fw-la as_o gross_a good_n a_o rove_n subtle_a be_v 30_o l._n and_o by_o this_o weight_n be_v weigh_v corn_n sugar_n oil_n spice_n and_o other_o fine_a good_n a_o rove_n gross_n be_v 36_o l._n and_o by_o this_o be_v weigh_v wool_n and_o such_o other_o gross_a good_n a_o quintar_n as_o well_o the_o small_a as_o great_a be_v four_o rove_n which_o make_v 120_o l._n of_o fine_a good_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o gross_a good_n in_o which_o observe_v this_o true_a rule_n for_o all_o the_o weight_n of_o valentia_n weight_n note_v in_o weight_n 98_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n to_o the_o l._n be_v 144_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o be_v account_v the_o great_a kintar_n and_o 80_o l._n of_o 11_o ounce_n to_o the_o l._n be_v 120_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n per._n l._n the_o small_a cantar_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v 16_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n and_o 24_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a and_o these_o two_o weight_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o yield_v in_o other_o city_n of_o trade_n after_o this_o manner_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr suttle_n l._n  _fw-fr gross_n l._n  _fw-fr 100_o l._n suttle_n do_v produce_v the_o first_o row_n 100_o l._n gross_n do_v produce_v in_o the_o second_o london_n 96½_n  _fw-fr 115¼_n  _fw-fr marselia_n 107_o  _fw-fr 128_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_fw-fr 140_o  _fw-fr 168_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 54_o  _fw-fr 64_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84_o  _fw-fr 102_o  _fw-fr florence_n 122_o  _fw-fr 147_o  _fw-fr antwerp_n 92_o  _fw-fr 110_o  _fw-fr lion_n 101_o  _fw-fr 122_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 94_o  _fw-fr 113_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 110_o  _fw-fr 133_o  _fw-fr malage_n 26_o rial_n 31_o rial_n barcelona_n 104_o l._n 125_o l._n majorque_fw-la 102_o  _fw-fr 124_o  _fw-fr paris_n 102_o  _fw-fr 124_o  _fw-fr st._n maloes_n 105_o  _fw-fr 128_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n 196_o rial_n 234_o  _fw-fr tripoli_n syria_n 234_o rial_n 249_o  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 188_o  _fw-fr 224_o  _fw-fr alexand._n zera_fw-la 445_o  _fw-fr 532_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la 876_o  _fw-fr 105_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 79_o  _fw-fr 95_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 17_o  _fw-fr 21_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 133_o  _fw-fr 163_o  _fw-fr valentia_n measure_n of_o valentia_n their_a measure_n be_v these_o follow_v four_o palm_n of_o valentia_n make_v a_o vare_fw-la which_o be_v 1â…”_n brace_n of_o florence_n and_o be_v 1â…š_n part_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n 100_o vares_n after_o this_o account_n may_v be_v in_o london_n 83_o in_o 85_o yard_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o caffiso_n in_o valentia_n which_o be_v twelve_o barsella_n which_o weigh_v 10½_n rove_v of_o 36_o l._n la_o rove_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n which_o be_v in_o florence_n 7½_n staios_n and_o 37_o barsella_n be_v there_o 24_o staios_n which_o be_v a_o mayo_n barsella_n 17_o make_v a_o general_a salmo_n in_o sicilia_n and_o be_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o corn_n in_o england_n gallon_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o caffiso_n which_o weigh_v 18_o l._n of_o the_o gross_a weight_n of_o valentia_n eight_o caffise_n make_v one_o modino_n in_o juice_n and_o one_o caffise_v make_v 3_o bushel_n english_a wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v a_o pitcher_n and_o contain_v twelve_o quart_n of_o english_a measure_n note_v that_o 1480_o salm_n of_o wheat_n in_o sicilia_n have_v make_v in_o valentia_n 1480_o saffici_fw-la valentia_n commodity_n of_o valentia_n this_o country_n afford_v as_o i_o say_v before_o hard_a soap_n common_o worth_a 80_o rial_n a_o kintar_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o oil_n be_v in_o request_n aniseed_n be_v worth_a 24_o rial_n the_o rove_n and_o daily_o be_v transport_v for_o france_n and_o england_n barillia_fw-la be_v use_v in_o make_v glass_n and_o hard_a soap_n and_o worth_a 16_o to_o 18_o rial_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la denia_n denia_n raisin_n of_o denia_n a_o small_a village_n ancient_o a_o famous_a town_n of_o this_o province_n not_o so_o well_o esteem_v as_o malaga_n fruit_n be_v sell_v here_o at_o 18_o rial_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o i_o have_v pay_v here_o for_o a_o whole_a ship_n lade_v of_o 200_o tun_n anno_fw-la 1618._o 24_o rial_n per_fw-la cent_n prove_v common_o best_o when_o dear_a almond_n be_v here_o also_o plenty_n worth_n common_o 12_o ducat_n a_o cargo_n which_o be_v 220_o l._n english_a which_o 280_o l._n valentia_n custom_n in_o valentia_n custom_n here_o pay_v be_v 9_o per_fw-la cent_n 4½_n by_o the_o buyer_n and_o 4½_n by_o the_o seller_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o commodity_n be_v buy_v or_o sell_v so_o often_o be_v this_o custom_n pay_v be_v 8_o denier_n duana_n and_o 3_o denier_n sisa_n and_o if_o any_o good_n come_v in_o to_o be_v ship_v out_o again_o common_o call_v a_o transito_fw-la the_o general_a duty_n of_o four_o
denier_n per_fw-la l._n be_v only_o pay_v and_o no_o more_o their_o payment_n in_o custom_n and_o all_o other_o way_n be_v in_o valentia_n money_n and_o worth_a 3_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o spanish_a rial_n there_o be_v also_o a_o duty_n call_v a_o mottahecos_n which_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n on_o each_o quintar_n and_o so_o upon_o other_o fine_a good_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o remember_v needful_a in_o this_o argument_n and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o province_n which_o be_v catalonia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v far_o in_o the_o 291_o and_o 426_o chapter_n catalonia_n catalonia_n in_o catalonia_n be_v only_o famous_a the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n where_o have_v good_a cause_n of_o the_o remembrance_n of_o my_o be_v here_o by_o reason_n of_o my_o imprisonment_n in_o the_o inquisition_n anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o must_v according_a to_o my_o method_n afford_v the_o city_n traffic_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o observation_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o love_n and_o pain_n in_o my_o release_n move_v thereto_o partly_o by_o the_o affection_n i_o have_v gain_v with_o many_o the_o chief_a merchant_n but_o especial_o leave_v the_o same_o may_v deter_v other_o english_a from_o come_v to_o traffic_v and_o inhabit_v among_o they_o and_o furnish_v their_o necessity_n with_o english_a commodity_n which_o they_o seem_v much_o to_o desire_v and_o oftentime_n much_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o chap._n cxix_o of_o barcelona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o barcelona_n barcelona_n barcelona_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n and_o enter_v into_o that_o gulf_n which_o be_v so_o terrible_a to_o navigator_n in_o these_o part_n call_v the_o gulf_n of_o lion_n it_o have_v a_o reasonable_a commodious_a and_o safe_a harbour_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v winterly_a enlarge_v and_o lengthen_v the_o same_o by_o add_v to_o their_o mould_n that_o ship_n of_o burden_n may_v come_v within_o the_o same_o what_o i_o obser_v here_o anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o will_v brief_o declare_v barcelona_n coin_n in_o barcelona_n their_o money_n current_n in_o merchandise_n beside_o the_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v a_o liver_n which_o passeâ—_n here_o at_o 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 24_o sell_v of_o the_o say_a money_n and_o the_o soldo_fw-it be_v twelve_o denier_n of_o that_o money_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n barcelona_n weight_n in_o barcelona_n their_o cantar_n be_v a_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 92_o l._n or_o thereabouts_o and_o have_v make_v by_o observation_n in_o florence_n 123_o l._n genoa_n 130_o l._n valentia_n 106_o l._n marselia_n 104_o l._n venetia_n soot_n 140_o l._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o can_v consist_v of_o eight_o palm_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v thâ—…_n brace_n in_o florence_n and_o in_o england_n find_v to_o produce_v 1â…œ_n yard_n english_a and_o in_o naples_n 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v to_o make_v 6â…œ_n palm_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o quarter_n one_o salmo_n be_v four_o quarter_n sell_v always_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o custom_n 2â…“_n quarter_n make_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v account_v 360_o l._n as_o be_v that_o 〈◊〉_d mention_v aforego_v in_o valentia_n wool_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o rove_n which_o be_v 30_o l._n make_v 26_o l._n of_o venetia_n gross_a whither_o the_o same_o be_v common_o transport_v and_o in_o florence_n 36_o l._n all_o gross_a good_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n account_v 3_o kintars_n which_o be_v 440_o l._n sutle_n of_o venâ—…_n and_o 278_o l._n gross_a there_o which_o be_v 372_o l._n in_o florence_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v english_a 3000â—_n averdupois_n tortosa_n tortosa_n in_o this_o province_n lie_v also_o tortosa_n a_o fine_a small_a city_n but_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n â—…ing_v account_v as_o moor_n be_v some_o year_n before_o my_o be_v here_o banish_v this_o country_n 〈◊〉_d therefore_o most_o place_n lie_v waste_n and_o many_o village_n be_v here_o along_o find_v without_o inhabitâ—…_n and_o the_o ground_n to_o want_v labourer_n arragon_n arragon_n the_o next_o province_n be_v arragon_n wherein_o be_v tarragon_n a_o fine_a and_o handsome_a city_n but_o 〈◊〉_d the_o banishment_n of_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o above_o be_v say_v now_o make_v poor_a in_o my_o 〈◊〉_d there_o in_o 1618._o i_o find_v it_o most_o to_o consist_v in_o make_v of_o silk_n here_o buy_v and_o carry_v to_o irlentia_n to_o be_v wrought_v saragosa_n saragosa_n the_o principal_a city_n hereof_o be_v saragosa_n which_o shall_v challenge_v a_o 〈◊〉_d particular_a relation_n as_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n 〈◊〉_d ebro_n but_o be_v a_o university_n it_o be_v too_o great_a a_o honour_n for_o a_o inland_n town_n to_o prodâ—_n famous_a scholar_n and_o eminent_a merchant_n yet_o in_o the_o current_a coin_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v as_o 〈◊〉_d vâ—dentia_n and_o because_o there_o be_v find_v practise_v here_o a_o great_a exchange_n i_o have_v insert_v 〈◊〉_d same_o by_o itself_o chapter_n 292_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n with_o all_o circumstance_n thereunto_o appertain_v and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v at_o this_o day_n comprise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n chap._n cxx_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o english_a hundred_o england_n weight_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o england_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n thus_o survey_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unworthy_a our_o observation_n first_o to_o see_v how_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o lesser_a city_n here_o omit_v concur_v with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o england_n and_o then_o take_v a_o general_a view_n of_o the_o trade_n which_o be_v in_o general_n find_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o those_o kingdom_n now_o unite_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o castilia_n first_o then_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n i_o will_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o subtle_a 100_o l._n of_o london_n which_o by_o observation_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o sevil_n 108_o l._n by_o great_a quintar_n of_o 144_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 28_o l._n by_o lesser_a quintar_n of_o 120_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n granado_n and_o almeria_n bona_fw-la 104_o l._n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 89_o l._n be_v of_o silk_n and_o copper_n of_o 18_o ounce_n 52_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o flesh_n 32_o ounce_n castilia_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n 98_o l._n burgos_n 89_o rot._n arragon_n and_o barcelona_n 102_o l._n 92_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o woollen_a 126_o l._n small_a weight_n for_o saffron_n valentia_n 102_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n for_o spice_n 129_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n the_o cargo_n be_v those_o quintar_n of_o 360_o l._n and_o the_o great_a of_o 432_o l._n london_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n leon_n 105_o l._n saragosâ—…_n 108_o l._n and_o by_o the_o small_a quintar_n 126_o l._n savalonâ—…_n and_o salanico_fw-la 126_o l._n viliaco_n 77_o l._n note_v here_o that_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n and_o all_o the_o island_n of_o spain_n use_v the_o weight_n of_o sevil_n as_o aforesaid_a now_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n 100_o l._n london_n make_v in_o portugal_n rot._n 104_o l._n the_o great_a quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n the_o small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n contain_v each_o 4_o rove_n of_o 32_o l._n and_o 28_o l._n note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v allowance_n make_v four_o upon_o the_o hundred_o upon_o sugar_n and_o two_o and_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n upon_o cotton_n wool_n and_o such_o like_a the_o small_a quintar_n be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o contractation-house_n of_o the_o indies_n all_o spice_n be_v weigh_v thereby_o but_o all_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o great_a quintal_n and_o reduce_v upon_o the_o lesser_a quintar_n one_o quintar_n of_o wax_n be_v one_o quintar_n and_o half_a of_o 112_o l._n be_v 168_o l._n madera_n 104_o rotolos_n cape_n verd._n 104_o rot._n saint_n thomas_n 104_o rot._n guinea_n 104_o rot._n marocâ—…_n in_o barbary_n 104_o rot._n or_o pound_n by_o the_o quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n fea_z and_o suus_fw-la in_o barbary_n 92_o l._n calicut_n 77_o aracoles_n note_v here_o they_o sell_v by_o the_o baccar_fw-la or_o bahar_n be_v at_o lisbon_n four_o quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o bahar_n be_v 4_o quintar_n for_o 120_o aracoles_n the_o bahar_n or_o bahor_n be_v 20_o faracoles_n of_o
in_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o florence_n 57_o or_o 58_o crown_n according_a to_o the_o cambio_z to_o have_v in_o rome_n 56_o ducat_n of_o camera_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o exchange_n go_v to_o have_v in_o naples_n 72_o ducat_n of_o carlin_n more_o or_o less_o etc._n etc._n to_o have_v in_o palermo_n or_o messina_n 25_o or_o 26_o carlin_n etc._n etc._n to_o have_v in_o spain_n 400_o marvedy_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n to_o have_v in_o anvers_n so_o many_o gross_a as_o the_o exchange_n do_v permit_v lion_n exchange_n now_o of_o lion_n but_o this_o custom_n be_v now_o lose_v by_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o great_a banker_n out_o of_o this_o town_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lewis_n the_o twelve_o it_o be_v since_o reduce_v to_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o three_o liver_n by_o which_o imaginary_a for_o so_o i_o call_v it_o now_o as_o have_v none_o to_o be_v find_v of_o that_o value_n and_o rate_n coin_v there_o be_v now_o make_v and_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a piece_n thereof_o i_o will_v willing_o here_o omit_v as_o have_v mention_v the_o same_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o work_n in_o the_o chapter_n 277_o and_o 302_o and_o other_o follow_v where_o all_o the_o due_a circumstance_n of_o exchange_n and_o payment_n of_o money_n be_v observe_v whereto_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n lion_n fair_n of_o lion_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o here_o be_v observe_v four_o fair_n in_o which_o all_o payment_n either_o by_o exchange_n or_o for_o merchandise_n be_v make_v which_o run_v still_o from_o three_o month_n to_o three_o month_n wherein_o for_o so_o many_o day_n rescounter_v of_o payment_n be_v make_v without_o any_o money_n see_v stir_v from_o man_n to_o man_n which_o be_v do_v in_o a_o public_a place_n or_o burse_n appoint_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o i_o have_v touch_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o transfer_v of_o bill_n of_o debt_n and_o specialty_n in_o my_o factor_n adviso_n the_o time_n and_o term_n of_o which_o fair_n be_v these_o first_o the_o fair_a of_o easter_n after_o the_o octave_n of_o easter_n the_o second_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o august_n be_v the_o first_o monday_n after_o our_o lady_n day_n in_o august_n the_o three_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o all_o saint_n the_o day_n after_o all_o soul_n the_o four_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o le_fw-fr roys_n the_o day_n after_o epiphany_n and_o every_o fair_a last_v fifteen_o day_n that_o be_v not_o holiday_n all_o business_n be_v do_v in_o these_o fair_n and_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o date_v in_o one_o day_n and_o two_o day_n after_o they_o make_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o fair_n be_v count_v by_o their_o payment_n lion_n term_n of_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o term_n of_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n hence_o be_v these_o from_o lion_n to_o florence_n rome_n and_o venice_n about_o 30_o day_n little_o more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o merchant_n make_v the_o agreement_n every_o fair_a but_o all_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n from_o lion_n to_o naples_n and_o valentia_n 5_o day_n late_a than_o florence_n from_o lion_n to_o anvers_n as_o florence_n from_o lion_n to_o spain_n that_o be_v to_o medina_n in_o villalion_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o saint_n and_o of_o the_o apparition_n of_o lion_n they_o exchange_v for_o the_o fair_a of_o villalion_n of_o middle-lent_n and_o the_o fair_a of_o easter_n of_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a of_o may_n in_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n as_o you_o shall_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n date_v in_o lion_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n lion_n weight_n in_o lion_n they_o have_v in_o lion_n three_o beam_n one_o use_v in_o the_o custom-house_n which_o be_v the_o king's-beam_n which_o contain_v 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n and_o be_v great_a than_o the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o town_n weight_n by_o 8_o per_fw-la cent_n by_o which_o all_o good_n pay_v custom_n that_o be_v ponderous_a the_o second_o be_v the_o town-weight_n and_o be_v 100_o l._n the_o cent_n the_o pound_n thereof_o contain_v sixteen_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n upon_o which_o all_o calculation_n be_v make_v the_o three_o be_v only_o the_o weight_n use_v for_o silk_n and_o be_v 100_o l._n the_o cent_n and_o the_o pound_n contain_v fifteen_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n and_o call_v the_o pound_n of_o mark._n the_o 100_o l._n of_o the_o town-weight_n be_v it_o whereby_o the_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v with_o other_o country_n and_o which_o by_o trial_n have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v thus_o in_o these_o place_n follow_v in_o london_n 96_o l._n marselia_n 104_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sot_n 143_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 89_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 53_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 83_o  _fw-fr florence_n 125_o  _fw-fr antwerp_n 90_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 92_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 109_o  _fw-fr malaga_n 28_o r._n rome_n 122_o l._n milan_n 131_o  _fw-fr paris_n 80_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 135_o  _fw-fr almeria_n 120_o  _fw-fr bruges_n 114_o  _fw-fr rochel_n 104_o  _fw-fr diep_n 94_o  _fw-fr roven_n 92_o  _fw-fr and_n in_o asia_n have_v make_v these_o in_o aleppo_n 19_o r._n silk_n r._n 20,9_o  _fw-fr tripoli_n 22¼_n  _fw-fr ditto_n barbar_n 81_o l._n baruti_fw-la 18¼_n  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 43¾_n  _fw-fr ditto_n forfor_o 96_o  _fw-fr scios_fw-la 86_o lod._n constantinople_n 78_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 17,2_o r._n acria_n 15½_n  _fw-fr babylonia_n 13â…“_n  _fw-fr balsara_n 3,9¼_n m._n ormus_n 93¾_n l._n chap._n cxxix_o how_o foreign_a measure_n and_o weight_n be_v compare_v with_o lion_n i_o find_v a_o french_a merchant_n to_o have_v make_v these_o observation_n upon_o the_o trade_n of_o lion_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o trial_n lion_n milan_n with_o lion_n 100_o l._n in_o milan_n to_o have_v make_v by_o trial_n in_o lion_n 69_o l._n silk-weight_n the_o silk-brace_n in_o millâ—…_n to_o render_v in_o lions_n â—_z 9_o of_o a_o auln_v the_o cloth-brace_n there_o to_o render_v in_o lion_n 4_o 7_o of_o a_o auln_v and_o 20_o sol_n of_o milan_n caculate_v for_o 10_o sols_n turnois_n lion_n turin_n with_o lion_n 100_o l._n in_o turin_n to_o render_v in_o lion_n 77_o l._n silk-weight_n the_o ras_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n to_o be_v ½_n of_o a_o auln_v the_o florin_n in_o money_n calculate_v for_o three_o sols_n turnois_n lion_n genoa_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o genoa_n to_o render_v in_o lion_n 72_o l._n silk-weight_n 9_o palm_n of_o genoa_n make_v a_o câ—…_n 1_o palm_n 1_o 24_o of_o a_o auln_v the_o spanish_a pistolet_n worth_a in_o genoa_n then_o 11_o l._n 12_o s._n in_o lion_n 7_o l._n 7_o s._n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n of_o italy_n worth_n in_o genoa_n 1_o l._n 5_o s._n lion_n florence_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o florence_n to_o be_v in_o lion_n 76¼_n silk-weight_n 4_o brace_n be_v there_o a_o cane_n 100_o brace_n be_v 49_o aulns_n lion_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n calculate_v at_o 3_o l._n turnois_n lion_n lucca_n with_o lion_n 100_o l._n of_o lucca_n subtle_a weight_n have_v render_v in_o lioas_n 72_o 3_o 2_o l._n silk_n weight_n 100_o l._n of_o lucca_n of_o custom-house_n weight_n make_v 81_o l._n the_o pound_n of_o which_o place_n be_v compose_v of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 2_o brace_n of_o the_o say_a place_n make_v in_o lion_n 1_o auln_v lion_n bolonia_n with_o lion_n 100_o l._n of_o bolonia_n have_v render_v in_o lion_n 77_o l_o silk-weight_n the_o brace_n of_o bolonia_n have_v render_v 8_o 23_o of_o a_o auln_v of_o lion_n the_o liver_n thereof_o 20_o sol_n may_v be_v esteem_v at_o 11_o s._n 3_o d._n turnois_n lion_n naples_n with_o lion_n 100_o l._n of_o naples_n have_v make_v in_o lion_n 68_o l._n of_o silk_n weight_n 8_o palnt_n make_v a_o cane_n and_o multiply_v the_o palm_n by_o 4_o to_o make_v they_o quarter_n and_o divide_v by_o 17_o for_o 17_o quarter_n be_v a_o auln_v in_o lion_n which_o reduce_v into_o london_n measure_n be_v the_o ducat_n may_v be_v calculate_v for_o 48_o s._n turnois_n which_o be_v 4_o 10_o sterling_a lion_n venetia_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n suttle_n of_o venetia_n make_v in_o lion_n 63½_n l._n silk-weight_n 80_o brace_n of_o that_o place_n silk_n make_v in_o lion_n 43_o auln_n the_o ducat_n may_v be_v calculate_v at_o 50_o sol._n turnois_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n sterling_a lion_n mesina_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o mesina_n render_v at_o lion_n ½_n l._n of_o silk-weight_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o mesina_n give_v in_o lion_n auln_n the_o ounce_n of_o mesina_n give_v by_o calculation_n in_o lion_n lion_n bergamo_n with_o lion_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o bergamo_n be_v in_o lion_n 68_o l._n silk-weight_n the_o brace_n of_o bergamo_n be_v
chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n â—0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o
genova_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n contain_v 9_o palm_n which_o 9_o palm_n have_v make_v 4_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o measure_n be_v for_o silk_n and_o stuff_n but_o 10_o palm_n in_o linen_n make_v a_o cane_n and_o be_v in_o florence_n 4_o brace_n and_o the_o say_a cane_n by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o venice_n 3½_n brace_n of_o cloth_n and_o 3_o 11_o 16_o of_o silk_n brace_n and_o upon_o the_o 100_o palm_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o have_v render_v in_o london_n 27_o yard_n anvers_n 34_o ells._n frankford_n 43_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 23¾_n  _fw-fr vienna_n 30½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 21_o auln_n paris_n 19_o  _fw-fr roven_n 18_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 20¾_n vares_n sevil_n 28_o  _fw-fr madera_n 21_o  _fw-fr venice_n 37_o brace_n lucca_n 41_o 1_o 20_o  _fw-fr florence_n 42_o  _fw-fr milan_n 47_o  _fw-fr 1_o cane_n be_v in_o barcelona_n 1⅗_n cane_n 9_o palm_n in_o genova_n be_v in_o florence_n 1_o 1_o 16_o cane_n 1_o cane_n in_o genova_n be_v in_o london_n 2⅞_n yard_n note_v that_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o five_o palm_n have_v make_v almost_o a_o ell_n english_a or_o 25_o palm_n 6_o ell_n and_o ½_n and_o 100_o palm_n thus_o be_v 26¼_n ell_n and_o 50_o yard_n have_v make_v here_o 17_o cane_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o mine_n whereof_o 64_o make_v the_o 100_o saches_n at_o pisa_n and_o 100_o mine_n make_v 137½_n staios_n in_o venetia_n and_o the_o mine_n pay_v 6½_n sols_n for_o custom_n in_o genova_n and_o weigh_v 170_o l._n and_o half_o a_o mine_n be_v call_v a_o corno_fw-la the_o quarter_n of_o harwich_n measure_n have_v make_v here_o 2½_n mine_n but_o the_o london_n quarter_v not_o so_o much_o oil._n of_o oil._n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n 7½_n barrel_n make_v a_o neapolitan_a but_o call_v here_o botta_n dimena_fw-la wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o meserole_n and_o 5_o meserole_n be_v a_o botta_n dimena_fw-la and_o 2_o bar_n make_v 1_o meserole_n which_o be_v also_o 100_o pint_n so_o that_o 500_o pint_n of_o wine_n make_v a_o botta_n dimena_fw-la all_o good_n enter_v into_o genova_n pay_v for_o consolato_fw-la of_o the_o river_n 6_o denier_n per_fw-la livre_fw-fr and_o be_v by_o the_o buyer_n according_a to_o the_o price_n buy_v if_o a_o contract_n be_v not_o make_v with_o the_o seller_n for_o discharge_v of_o it_o and_o he_o that_o land_n commodity_n here_o in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o can_v make_v sale_n thereof_o have_v have_v former_o leave_v to_o carry_v the_o same_o out_o again_o without_o pay_v any_o charge_n but_o this_o privilege_n be_v now_o disannul_v many_o silk_n fabric_n be_v here_o make_v common_a with_o all_o italy_n the_o principal_a be_v velvet_n water_v chamlet_n etc._n etc._n sell_v by_o the_o pound_n weight_n as_o be_v usual_a through_o italy_n exchange_n exchange_n this_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v as_o do_v more_o full_o appear_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n vide_fw-la chapter_n 279_o and_o so_o forward_o where_o all_o circumstance_n be_v insert_v and_o now_o to_o lucca_n chap._n clxxv_o of_o lucca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lucca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lucca_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o republic_n and_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n serchio_n in_o compass_n about_o three_o mile_n in_o a_o plain_a the_o wall_n be_v adorn_v with_o tree_n make_v the_o city_n appear_v to_o the_o traveller_n to_o be_v in_o a_o wood_n till_o approach_v near_o the_o bulwark_n give_v testimony_n of_o her_o strength_n and_o that_o these_o tree_n be_v plant_v on_o the_o wall_n where_o the_o citizen_n in_o summer_n walk_v for_o shade_n it_o do_v whole_o consist_v upon_o the_o fabric_n here_o make_v of_o silk_n such_o as_o be_v damask_n satin_n tassaty_n etc._n etc._n which_o hence_o be_v vend_v in_o foreign_a country_n which_o be_v all_o sell_v by_o the_o pound_n weight_n according_a as_o it_o be_v accustom_v in_o italy_n and_o as_o for_o other_o matter_n in_o trade_n what_o i_o observe_v in_o 1619._o be_v thus_o lucca_n account_n in_o lucca_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v divers_a way_n some_o in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o picoli_n as_o in_o florence_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr some_o again_o in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 7½_n per_fw-la crown_n account_v by_o 12_o and_o 20_o as_o be_v abovesaid_a but_o silk_n be_v sell_v by_o so_o many_o ducat_n the_o pound_n so_o that_o to_o reduce_v ducat_n into_o crown_n the_o number_n of_o ducat_n be_v to_o be_v multiply_v by_o four_o and_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o 71_o add_v what_o may_v rest_v with_o the_o ducat_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v crown_n of_o 7½_n liures_fw-fr note_v that_o to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n or_o as_o they_o term_v they_o piastres_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n per_fw-la crown_n divide_v by_o 15_o and_o subtract_v the_o quotient_a from_o the_o sum_n divide_v and_o the_o remainder_n be_v the_o demand_n again_o to_o bring_v crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n into_o ducat_n of_o 7_o livre_n divide_v by_o 14_o and_o the_o quotient_a add_v to_o the_o sum_n divide_v will_v answer_v your_o desire_n again_o to_o bring_v livre_n of_o lucca_n into_o crown_n of_o lucca_n or_o ducat_n of_o florence_n take_v the_o sum_n of_o livre_n and_o add_v as_o many_o more_o unto_o they_o the_o product_n be_v divide_v by_o 15_o than_o the_o same_o be_v crown_n of_o lucca_n of_o 7½_n liures_fw-fr i_o say_v livre_n for_o crown_n and_o ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o 7_o liures_fw-fr per_fw-la ducat_n for_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o lucca_n and_o ducat_n of_o florence_n be_v all_o one_o in_o value_n but_o in_o the_o livre_fw-fr of_o lucca_n and_o in_o that_o of_o florence_n be_v some_o difference_n because_o the_o livre_fw-fr of_o florence_n be_v 7½_n per_fw-la cent_n great_a than_o that_o of_o lucca_n note_v also_o that_o 75_o bolonins_n make_v a_o florence_n ducat_n of_o 7_o livre_n and_o 79_o bolonins_n make_v a_o lucca_n ducat_n by_o which_o they_o account_v in_o sale_n of_o silk_n the_o crown_n be_v common_o thus_o character_v c._n the_o piastre_n or_o ducat_n be_v thus_o d._n the_o livre_fw-fr be_v thus_o l._n the_o sol_n be_v thus_o and_o the_o denier_n d._n lucca_n money_n in_o lucca_n their_o money_n common_a be_v that_o of_o florence_n current_n call_v bolonini_fw-la the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7_o livre_n 10_o sol_fw-la in_o picoli_fw-la as_o at_o florence_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n and_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o silver_n but_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o ducatoon_n sol_n denier_n as_o more_o full_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o 283_o chapter_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o city_n to_o which_o in_o that_o particular_a i_o refer_v you_o lucca_n weight_n in_o lucca_n they_o have_v in_o lucca_n two_o weight_n one_o of_o the_o balance_n weight_n whereby_o all_o good_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v and_o the_o other_o whereby_o merchant_n do_v pay_v the_o custom_n wherein_o be_v about_o 12_o per_fw-la cent_n difference_n the_o balance_n pound_n be_v 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o have_v make_v in_o lins_n 72½_n l._n the_o customer_n pound_n be_v also_o 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n thereof_o have_v render_v in_o lion_n by_o trial_n 81_o l._n the_o balance_n 100_o have_v make_v in_o florence_n 97_o l._n lucca_n measure_n in_o lucca_n the_o measure_n of_o lucca_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 23_o inch_n of_o london_n and_o two_o brace_n have_v make_v a_o auln_v of_o lion_n and_o upon_o this_o 100_o brace_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n that_o it_o render_v in_o london_n 50_o ells._n antwerp_n 83⅓_n  _fw-fr frankford_n 104⅙_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 69⅙_n  _fw-fr vienna_n 72½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 50⅚_n aulns_n paris_n 47½_n  _fw-fr roven_n 43½_n  _fw-fr lisbon_n 50_o vare_fw-la sevil_n 67½_n vare_fw-la madera_n 51½_n vare_fw-la venetia_n 90_o brace_n florence_n 102_o brace_n milan_n 115_o brace_n genova_n 240⅓_n palm_n lucca_n account_n of_o sale_n of_o silk_n in_o lucca_n silk_n have_v be_v thus_o sell_v in_o lucca_n damask_n be_v sell_v at_o 4_o ducat_n and_o 18_o sold_n the_o pound_n satin_n be_v sell_v at_o 4_o ducat_n and_o 14_o sold_n the_o pound_n rich_a taffata_n sell_v at_o 4_o ducat_n 16_o sol_n the_o pound_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o lucca_n there_o be_v pay_v ¼_n more_o for_o the_o colour_n than_o for_o black_n therefore_o the_o custom_n be_v to_o add_v for_o the_o colour_n that_o be_v in_o the_o parcel_n ¼_n to_o the_o weight_n reduce_v they_o all_o
hereof_o in_o frankfort_n and_o heidelberg_n with_o which_o it_o be_v find_v to_o accord_v lipsick_a measure_n of_o lipsick_a lipsick_a have_v two_o measure_n one_o for_o woollen_a and_o the_o other_o for_o linen_n 14_o per_fw-la cent_n difference_n for_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n do_v make_v in_o woollen_a commodity_n 100_o ell_n and_o in_o linen_n 140_o ells._n lipsick_a account_n and_o exchange_n of_o lipsick_a the_o merchant_n here_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o 32_o gross_a and_o the_o gross_a be_v 12_o heller_n but_o they_o exchange_v by_o florin_n of_o breslow_n 30_o to_o have_v posito_fw-la in_o noremberg_n 32_o florin_n and_o in_o vienna_n 34_o florin_n chap._n cxcviii_o of_o wittenberg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o wittenburgh_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o wittenberg_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o plain_a sandy_a ground_n account_v a_o university_n wherein_o they_o proverbial_o say_v a_o man_n shall_v meet_v nothing_o but_o whore_n scholar_n and_o swine_n which_o show_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v little_a trade_n as_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o student_n and_o peradventure_o by_o the_o flesh_n of_o swine_n and_o woman_n but_o by_o what_o weight_n and_o measure_n the_o same_o be_v propertion_v to_o they_o i_o be_o to_o seek_v therefore_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o next_o merchant_n that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v his_o observation_n thereupon_o chap._n cxcix_o of_o dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o saxony_n dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o strong_o fortify_v in_o which_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n keep_v his_o court_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o magnificent_a stable_n and_o armoury_n which_o the_o duke_n keep_v here_o in_o a_o continual_a readiness_n the_o river_n elve_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o two_o part_n the_o new_a and_o the_o old_a which_o be_v very_o strong_a both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o germany_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o the_o river_n do_v much_o further_a their_o endeavour_n but_o nature_n afford_v they_o a_o rich_a soil_n take_v away_o much_o of_o their_o edge_n for_o it_o be_v ever_o find_v that_o the_o barren_a soil_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o great_a encouragement_n their_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v saxony_n weight_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n mizzen_n and_o all_o saxony_n be_v find_v to_o have_v three_o weight_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n make_v of_o zigostatica_fw-la or_o the_o prince_n weight_n 96_o l._n of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 92_o l._n of_o merchonts_n weight_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o the_o common_a weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n saxony_n measure_n of_o saxony_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v two_o agree_v with_o lipsick_a abovementioned_a on_o which_o i_o need_v not_o further_o insist_v brunswick_n brunswick_n brunswick_n be_v the_o eighteen_o province_n wherein_o be_v brunswick_n the_o principal_a city_n second_o wolfiabolt_n where_o the_o duke_n common_o reside_v three_o alberstade_n than_o lunenberg_n and_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n chap._n cc._o of_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o brunswick_n comprehend_v in_o one_o five_o several_a city_n and_o be_v a_o free_a imperial_a town_n strong_o fortify_v in_o some_o place_n with_o two_o and_o in_o other_o with_o three_o wall_n and_o encompass_v with_o the_o river_n anchor_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v find_v addict_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o morning_n but_o their_o intemperance_n at_o night_n take_v away_o all_o thought_n thereof_o they_o be_v great_a husbandman_n the_o earth_n answer_v their_o labour_n which_o yield_v they_o plenty_n of_o corn_n both_o for_o their_o own_o and_o their_o neighbour_n want_v the_o earth_n yield_v they_o rich_a reward_n to_o their_o labour_n and_o their_o afternoon_n hour_n spend_v in_o good-fellowship_n make_v i_o imagine_v there_o may_v be_v some_o trade_n among_o they_o which_o in_o particular_a i_o permit_v the_o reader_n in_o silence_n to_o conceive_v chap._n cci_o of_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lunenburg_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n over_o which_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n challenge_v a_o superiority_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v fair_o build_v of_o bâ—ick_n and_o well_o and_o strong_o fortify_v for_o its_o safeguard_v and_o defence_n with_o deep_a ditch_n and_o thick_a mud_n wall_n lunenbur_n salt_n fountain_n in_o lunenbur_n it_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o the_o natural_a fountain_n of_o salt_n here_o find_v over_o which_o be_v build_v a_o spacious_a house_n that_o contain_v fifty_o two_o room_n and_o every_o room_n have_v eight_o several_a cauldron_n of_o lead_n wherein_o be_v boil_v eight_o tun_n of_o salt_n daily_o the_o profit_n whereof_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o several_a part_n one_o part_n to_o the_o city_n one_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o another_o to_o a_o monastery_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v earl_n their_o trade_n be_v not_o otherwise_o of_o very_o great_a consequence_n hassia_n hassia_n the_o nineteenth_o province_n be_v hassia_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o dormstade_n marburg_n a_o university_n and_o some_o other_o veteravia_n veteravia_n veteravia_n be_v the_o twenty_o province_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o friburg_n hanau_n dullinburg_n nassau_n catzenbogen_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n chap._n ccii_o of_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o friburg_n be_v of_o round_a form_n environ_v altogether_o with_o high_a mountain_n friburg_n silver_n mine_n of_o friburg_n have_v within_o it_o many_o vault_n and_o cave_n to_o go_v under_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o citizen_n go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n by_o night_n to_o work_v in_o the_o silver-mine_n find_v in_o those_o adjoin_a hill_n and_o at_o certain_a hour_n be_v call_v back_o by_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell_n their_o work_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o night_n and_o their_o rest_n be_v by_o day_n and_o their_o residence_n be_v note_v to_o be_v more_o under_o ground_n than_o above_o in_o their_o house_n the_o profit_v thereof_o belong_v half_a to_o the_o citizen_n and_o half_a to_o the_o elector_n to_o who_o the_o country_n appertain_v friburg_n weight_n of_o friburg_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n in_o friburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v three_o several_a quintar_n one_o of_o 100_o l._n another_o of_o 120_o l._n and_o a_o three_o of_o 132_o l._n agree_v with_o frankfort_n heidelberg_n and_o lipsick_a as_o before_o friburg_n measure_n of_o friburg_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o be_v inch_n london_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v also_o comprehend_v the_o three_o imperial_a city_n of_o stoad_n hamburgh_n and_o lâ—beck_n which_o acknowledge_v no_o sovereign_n be_v free_a and_o hans-town_n i_o shall_v here_o touch_v and_o first_o of_o stoad_n chap._n cciii_o of_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o stand_v be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o one_o of_o the_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o those_o sea-town_n which_o from_o the_o privilege_n of_o trassick_n with_o their_o neighbour_n be_v call_v hans-town_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n upon_o the_o river_n elve_n in_o which_o stream_n they_o maintain_v certain_a buoys_n to_o guide_v the_o enter_a ship_n the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v for_o a_o while_o their_o residence_n here_o force_v thereto_o by_o the_o discourteous_a usage_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n and_o before_o their_o arrival_n this_o town_n be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o sell_v the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n and_o some_o other_o such_o right_n to_o hamburgh_n by_o who_o company_n they_o grow_v rich_a not_o without_o the_o envy_n and_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n who_o often_o attempt_v though_o in_o vain_a by_o naval_a force_n to_o forbid_v the_o arrival_n of_o the_o english_a at_o stoad_n who_o as_o they_o have_v grieve_v have_v their_o seat_n with_o they_o as_o well_o by_o exaction_n as_o prohibit_v they_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n so_o then_o have_v see_v and_o smart_v for_o their_o error_n they_o never_o leave_v till_o partly_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o partly_o by_o threat_n they_o labour_v their_o return_n which_o afterward_o be_v perform_v and_o where_o at_o this_o day_n they_o hold_v their_o principal_a court_n and_o residence_n the_o present_a trade_n of_o stoad_n be_v but_o small_a depend_v much_o upon_o the_o privilege_n they_o have_v in_o pre-emption_a and_o choice_a of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n pass_v by_o their_o city_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n but_o they_o have_v grashes_n ortals_n and_o dollar_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o stoad_n coin_n of_o stoad_n
many_o time_n relieve_v fruitful_a province_n in_o time_n of_o casual_a dearth_n into_o which_o granary_n under_o a_o great_a penalty_n no_o man_n may_v carry_v either_o fire_n or_o candle_n light_v by_o a_o law_n enact_v among_o they_o the_o city_n be_v compass_v with_o one_o wall_n yet_o contain_v three_o several_a city_n govern_v by_o three_o distinct_a senate_n out_o of_o which_o one_o chief_a senate_n be_v choose_v to_o govern_v the_o whole_a city_n and_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a superstition_n they_o have_v st._n george_n for_o their_o protector_n who_o red_a cross_n they_o carry_v in_o their_o flag_n as_o do_v also_o england_n genova_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o island_n saio_n in_o the_o arch_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o baltic_a shore_n the_o port_n be_v call_v dermind_v where_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n do_v ride_v to_o lade_v and_o unlade_v their_o commodity_n and_o the_o city_n be_v acknowledge_v a_o free_a town_n be_v permit_v to_o coin_v money_n which_o as_o i_o find_v observe_v i_o shall_v note_v here_o together_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n dantzick_n account_n in_o dantzick_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v here_o in_o sundry_a manner_n the_o common_a be_v by_o polish_v guilder_n of_o 30_o gross_n and_o 12_o d._n to_o a_o grosh_n but_o merchant_n buy_v commodity_n here_o by_o the_o great_a mark_n of_o 60_o gross_n and_o by_o the_o lesser_a of_o 15_o and_o also_o by_o the_o dollar_n of_o 35_o gross_n of_o 3_o stivers_n the_o grosh_n dantzick_n coin_n current_a in_o dantzick_n their_o money_n current_n be_v thus_o account_v 1_o great_a mark_n be_v 2_o polish_v guilder_n 1_o polish_v guilder_n be_v worth_a 2_o lesser_a mark_n 1_o lesser_a mark_v worth_a 15_o grosh_n and_o the_o grosh_n 18_o d._n beside_o which_o they_o coin_v hungarian_a ducat_n of_o gold_n as_o they_o do_v in_o poland_n and_o they_o have_v 2_o coin_n in_o gold_n call_v a_o milre_n and_o half_a a_o milre_n each_o milre_n be_v 3_o dollar_n and_o 2_o soslin_n 36_o polish_v grosh_n be_v here_o a_o dollar_n dantzick_n weight_n of_o dantzick_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o pound_n for_o fine_a good_n the_o 100_o l._n in_o london_n make_v here_o 116_o l._n beside_o which_o they_o have_v a_o skip_v pound_n and_o a_o lispound_n thus_o distinguish_v 16_o mark_v pound_n be_v a_o lispound_n and_o 20_o lispound_n make_v a_o skip-pound_n by_o the_o small_a stone_n of_o 24_o l._n for_o spice_n etc._n etc._n but_o they_o have_v also_o a_o great_a stone_n to_o weigh_v gross_a ware_n as_o flax_n wax_n and_o the_o like_a of_o 34_o l._n whereof_o 10_o l._n to_o the_o skip-pound_n of_o 340_o l._n dantzick_n measure_n of_o dantzick_n the_o measure_n for_o length_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o ell_n the_o 100_o whereof_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 49_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n do_v here_o make_v 162_o or_o 163_o ell_n incirca_fw-la the_o measure_n of_o beer_n be_v the_o fat_a which_o contain_v 180_o stoop_v and_o be_v account_v 81_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n the_o measure_n of_o corn_n here_o be_v the_o last_o which_o contain_v 61_o shepel_v 56_o whereof_o make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10¼_n quarter_n of_o london_n 4_o shepel_v make_v a_o mud_n which_o be_v the_o ship-pound_n beforementioned_a of_o 34_o l._n estland_n account_n in_o estland_n merchant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n throughout_o all_o estland_n be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o floriâ—…_n or_o guilder_n and_o in_o grosh_n and_o denier_n account_v 12_o denier_n to_o the_o grosh_n and_o 20_o grosh_n to_o the_o guilder_n or_o florin_n chap._n ccxxu._n of_o elbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o elbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o elbin_n a_o small_a yet_o a_o fair_a city_n and_o of_o late_a day_n compass_v with_o wall_n grow_v great_a and_o large_a by_o the_o trade_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o since_o upon_o some_o grievance_n and_o discontentment_n be_v hence_o remove_v in_o this_o city_n lie_v the_o gross_a of_o the_o trade_n of_o prussen_n especial_o for_o all_o the_o gruff_n good_n of_o that_o dukedom_n it_o once_o appertain_v to_o the_o testonick_a knight_n but_o now_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o who_o for_o the_o present_a the_o citizen_n acknowledge_v for_o their_o protector_n and_o otherwise_o it_o yield_v he_o but_o little_a obedience_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o free_a city_n from_o this_o city_n towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v a_o channel_n that_o run_v up_o to_o conixburg_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o prusland_n by_o which_o all_o commodity_n be_v transport_v and_o convey_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o elbin_n weight_n of_o elbin_n the_o coin_n current_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o account_n here_o keep_v i_o have_v touch_v before_o and_o the_o weight_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o pound_n 40_o whereof_o make_v a_o stone_n and_z 10_o stone_n of_o 40_o l._n make_v the_o ship_n pound_n which_o be_v 400_o l._n and_o be_v 350_o l._n of_o their_o great_a weight_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v here_o 120_o l._n the_o last_o of_o wheat_n be_v here_o account_v for_o 5200._o elbin_n measure_n of_o elbin_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n be_v find_v to_o make_v here_o 163_o ells._n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o tract_n find_v for_o eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n conixburg_n stetin_n straelsond_n revel_v riga_n of_o which_o a_o word_n or_o two_o and_o first_o of_o conixburg_n chap._n ccxxvi_o of_o conixburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o conixburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o conixburg_n vulgar_o call_v queensburg_n and_o in_o italian_a mount_v royal_a be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o duchy_n seat_v upon_o a_o inlet_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o wash_v with_o the_o pleasant_a river_n fiegol_n it_o be_v find_v to_o have_v a_o academy_n for_o science_n and_o well_o store_v with_o merchant_n from_o all_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o here_o the_o merchant_n of_o prusen_n keep_v their_o factor_n for_o the_o vend_n of_o their_o inland_n commodity_n upon_o this_o shore_n be_v also_o find_v in_o some_o quantity_n that_o excellent_a amber_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v berstein_n which_o in_o english_a may_v be_v translate_v the_o burn_a stone_n of_o which_o some_o writer_n make_v three_o sort_n the_o first_o come_v from_o certain_a gummy_a tree_n the_o second_o make_v by_o art_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o other_o ingredient_n and_o the_o three_o this_o sort_n come_v natural_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o sea_n which_o for_o six_o month_n be_v freeze_v up_o and_o deny_v the_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n the_o use_n of_o navigation_n conixburg_n weight_n of_o conixburg_n the_o money_n and_o account_n here_o in_o use_n be_v mention_v before_o and_o the_o common_a weight_n use_v among_o merchant_n be_v the_o stone_n contain_v 40_o pound_n and_o 10_o stone_n make_v a_o ship_n pound_n of_o 400_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n averdupois_n of_o london_n do_v yield_v here_o about_o 120_o l._n or_o 112_o l._n beside_o which_o they_o have_v also_o the_o ship_n pound_n of_o dantzick_n in_o use_n for_o some_o commodity_n of_o 350_o l._n but_o this_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v by_o the_o stranger_n as_o be_v ever_o account_v too_o favourable_a to_o the_o citizen_n conixburg_n measure_n of_o conixburg_n the_o common_a measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n here_o for_o all_o commodity_n measureable_a the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v make_v here_o by_o observation_n 166½_n incirca_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o this_o city_n from_o whence_o proceed_v i_o come_v next_o to_o rhiga_n and_o revel_n two_o eminent_a city_n in_o this_o tract_n chap._n ccxxvii_o of_o rhiga_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rhiga_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o rhiga_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o livonia_n or_o lissland_n seat_v near_o the_o embosure_n of_o the_o river_n dunia_n strengthen_v with_o a_o exceed_a strong_a wall_n many_o ordnance_n to_o descend_v it_o against_o all_o enemy_n and_o border_v upon_o the_o lissland_n sea_n it_o be_v former_o the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n and_o then_o and_o now_o reinforce_v by_o the_o garrison_n of_o dâ—…mund_n account_v one_o of_o the_o impregnable_a fort_n of_o this_o northern_a climate_n where_o all_o ship_n enter_v be_v search_v and_o pay_v a_o certain_a toll_n or_o duty_n the_o inhabitant_n curious_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o liberty_n acknowledge_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n for_o their_o protector_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v a_o yearly_a contribution_n but_o else_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o
own_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n which_o they_o enjoy_v from_o the_o knight_n their_o old_a master_n at_o the_o resignation_n of_o this_o country_n to_o that_o king_n rhiga_n commodity_n of_o rhiga_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n for_o merchandize_v and_o exportation_n be_v corn_n and_o grain_n of_o all_o sort_n hemp_n flax_n honey_n wax_n rosin_n tar_n horse_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a fur_n as_o martin_n ermine_n sable_n bevers_n and_o the_o like_a not_o want_v any_o necessary_a for_o nourishment_n save_o wine_n and_o oil_n which_o foreign_a nation_n do_v bring_v they_o rhiga_n weight_n of_o rhiga_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n be_v the_o pound_n 20_o pound_n whereof_o make_v a_o lispound_n and_o 20_o lispound_n make_v a_o ship-pound_n and_o 12_o ship_n pound_n be_v 4000_o pound_n be_v account_v a_o last_o of_o rye_n both_o here_o and_o at_o narva_n and_o the_o 100_o pound_n of_o london_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v here_o 116_o pound_n rhiga_n measure_n of_o rhiga_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n agree_v with_o the_o ell_n in_o use_n in_o kevel_n conixburg_n and_o narva_n 100_o yard_n london_n make_v 160½_n incirca_fw-la rhiga_n coin_n in_o rhiga_n the_o coin_n and_o account_n differ_v not_o much_o here_o in_o value_n from_o the_o other_o beforementioned_a yet_o find_v to_o differ_v in_o appellation_n for_o the_o rix-dollar_n and_o the_o mark-lups_a be_v here_o all_o one_o which_o make_v two_o swedens_fw-fr or_o common_a mark_n and_o one_o sweden_n be_v eight_o lups-shilling_n one_o lup_n be_v two_o shilling_n one_o shilling_n be_v twelve_o penny_n and_o one_o penny_n be_v two_o heller_n chap._n ccxxviii_o of_o revel_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o revel_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o revel_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a for_o trade_n to_o rhiga_n situate_v on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o balâ—…_n sea_n famous_v in_o these_o northern_a country_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o haven_n it_o be_v well_o store_v of_o merchant_n that_o frequent_v the_o place_n for_o the_o traffic_n of_o the_o commodity_n thereof_o nominate_v in_o the_o aforegoing_a chapter_n the_o inhabitant_n stand_v much_o upon_o theâ—_n ancient_a privilege_n grant_v they_o by_o their_o old_a master_n the_o teutonick_n knight_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o king_n of_o swedeland_n for_o protector_n to_o who_o they_o yield_v obedience_n the_o keep_n of_o which_o cost_v he_o 100000_o crown_n yearly_a as_o natural_o defend_v his_o own_o and_o offend_v his_o neighbour_n territory_n this_o city_n in_o one_o thing_n have_v a_o large_a freedom_n than_o rhiga_n and_o be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o lubeck_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n which_o they_o do_v four_o square_a yet_o be_v bind_v to_o stamp_v the_o same_o of_o the_o same_o worth_a and_o value_n as_o the_o current_a coin_n of_o poland_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v further_o to_o insist_v thereupon_o revel_n weight_n of_o revel_n their_o common_a weight_n be_v a_o pound_n their_o ship-pound_n be_v 400_o l._n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n make_v here_o 116_o l._n revel_n exchange_n of_o revel_n there_o be_v find_v some_o exchange_n practise_v in_o these_o part_n by_o the_o mark_n swedens_fw-fr of_o 16_o s._n and_o by_o the_o mark-lups_a of_o 32_o s._n etc._n etc._n revel_n measure_n of_o revel_n their_o common_a measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o conixburg_n and_o râ—…_n the_o 100_o yard_n london_n make_v by_o computation_n incirca_fw-la 166½_n ell_n here_o narva_n also_o seat_v 〈◊〉_d this_o tract_n agree_v in_o weight_n and_o measure_n with_o revel_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o inâ—…_n further_o thereupon_o chap._n ccxxix_o of_o stralsont_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o stralsont_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o stralsont_n lie_v also_o in_o this_o tract_n and_o be_v find_v seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n opposite_a to_o the_o island_n of_o raugi_n where_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n first_o land_v in_o his_o invasion_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeran_n and_o in_o who_o cause_n it_o have_v endure_v long_a and_o straight_o siege_n but_o be_v well_o and_o strong_o fortify_v by_o suffer_v it_o overcome_v and_o 〈◊〉_d now_o account_v a_o famous_a mart_n in_o these_o northern_a part_n for_o grain_n pitch_n tar_n rosin_n honey_n wax_n hides_n tallow_n and_o the_o like_a here_o pass_v in_o merchandise_n the_o money_n of_o norâ—…_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o germany_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v and_o the_o duke_n have_v also_o a_o pecular_a coin_n which_o be_v stamp_v in_o equal_a value_n to_o the_o imperial_a dollar_n as_o above_o be_v say_v stralsont_n weight_n of_o stralsont_n the_o weight_n of_o stralsont_n be_v the_o pound_n 10_o whereof_o be_v account_v for_o a_o stone_n and_o 16_o for_o a_o lispound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n in_o london_n have_v produce_v here_o about_o 88_o in_o 89_o pound_n stralsont_n measure_n of_o stralsont_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n and_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o ell_n of_o statin_n as_o be_v show_v hereafter_o julin_n julin_n i_o must_v not_o here_o omit_v a_o word_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o julin_n seat_v in_o the_o duchy_n and_o which_o once_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o this_o sea_n for_o here_o the_o vandâ—…_n saxon_n muscovite_n polonian_n swede_n english_a dane_n and_o german_n have_v their_o several_a quartes_n of_o residency_n for_o commerce_n and_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o these_o country_n be_v bring_v â—ither_o by_o these_o nation_n it_o be_v note_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o these_o northern_a people_n that_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n by_o reason_n that_o be_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o prosperity_n perceive_v the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n to_o thrive_v and_o increase_v in_o all_o their_o neighbour_a territory_n strict_o prohibit_v that_o no_o stranger_n whatsoever_o here_o resident_a shall_v embrace_v the_o same_o nor_o that_o any_o shall_v as_o much_o as_o mention_v any_o new_a religion_n unto_o they_o but_o in_o these_o latter_a day_n their_o great_a traffic_n be_v lose_v and_o they_o be_v become_v religious_a according_a to_o the_o superstition_n of_o that_o religion_n they_o use_v and_o since_o have_v suffer_v much_o by_o the_o vexation_n of_o the_o continual_a waâ—_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o appear_v now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n ruin_v where_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o pass_v thence_o to_o the_o next_o town_n of_o pomeran_n chap._n ccxxx_o of_o stetin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o stetin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o stetin_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o pomerania_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o other_o in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o delightsome_a soil_n and_o carry_v in_o these_o northern_a region_n that_o renown_n that_o from_o hence_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n in_o pomerland_n have_v their_o appellation_n the_o city_n abound_v in_o all_o commodity_n for_o merchandise_n that_o the_o neighbour_a country_n afford_v and_o of_o itself_o it_o yield_v to_o merehant_n the_o commodity_n common_a to_o prusen_v sweden_n and_o polonia_n for_o its_o defence_n it_o be_v strengthen_v on_o all_o side_n with_o rampart_n ditch_n and_o good_a artillery_n the_o river_n of_o other_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o useful_a and_o necessary_a bridge_n the_o one_o whereof_o be_v purposely_o make_v to_o lead_v to_o the_o granary_n and_o storehouse_n where_o the_o corn_n and_o grain_n either_o for_o store_n or_o exportation_n be_v lay_v up_o and_o where_o their_o arsenal_n be_v seat_v in_o which_o their_o warlike_a provision_n be_v keep_v and_o where_o vessel_n of_o all_o sort_n both_o for_o sea_n and_o river_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o be_v fabricate_v beside_o the_o several_a church_n and_o college_n that_o adorn_v this_o city_n the_o duke_n palace_n must_v be_v account_v as_o the_o principal_a ornament_n build_v of_o that_o art_n and_o sumptuousness_n that_o it_o give_v not_o place_n to_o the_o most_o excellent_a in_o italy_n in_o fine_a stetin_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v the_o least_o of_o the_o hans-town_n and_o though_o the_o prince_n be_v daily_o there_o resident_n yet_o it_o prove_v no_o way_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o privilege_n thereof_o stetin_n commodity_n of_o stetin_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o city_n be_v for_o merchandize_v such_o as_o all_o the_o east_n country_n afford_v viz._n tar_n pitch_n rosin_n honey_n wax_n hides_n grain_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o fur_n stetin_n weight_n of_o stetin_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n derive_v from_o the_o pound_n weight_n here_o in_o use_n the_o quintar_n be_v account_v 112_o l._n of_o this_o place_n and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o be_v the_o stone_n which_o be_v also_o of_o two_o sort_n as_o a_o
and_o island_n sicilia_n account_n in_o palermo_n and_o all_o sicilia_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n one_o ounce_n be_v 30_o tarry_v one_o tarry_v be_v 20_o grain_n sicilia_n money_n current_n in_o sicilia_n their_o money_n be_v also_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n account_v one_o ounce_n to_o be_v 30_o tarry_v which_o be_v 5_o florin_n of_o carlins_n 12_o the_o florin_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v 20_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o sol._n 6_o den._n small_a money_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v two_o carlin_n one_o carlin_n to_o be_v 10_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o livre_n one_o grain_n be_v 6_o picholies_n and_o be_v 7½_n den._n money_n siciliano_n one_o poncto_fw-la be_v 8_o picholis_fw-la a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 13_o tarry_v note_v that_o for_o the_o money_n which_o they_o pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n they_o give_v allowance_n 1½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o bad_a money_n palermo_n weight_n in_o palermo_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o throughout_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicilia_n there_o be_v but_o one_o weight_n in_o use_n only_o in_o messina_n except_v which_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o due_a place_n now_o this_o weight_n of_o sicilia_n in_o general_n be_v the_o rotolo_n 30_o ounce_n which_o be_v 2½_n l._n sicilian_n 300_o rot._n make_v the_o cantar_n which_o 100_o l._n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 173_o l._n circa_fw-la english_a some_o have_v find_v it_o to_o yield_v 148_o l._n english_a or_o proper_o in_o gross_a to_o say_v 1_o c._n 2_o quarter_n 4_o l._n incirca_fw-la and_o in_o venetia_n subtle_a to_o have_v produce_v 260_o l._n or_o venice_n gross_a 163_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v in_o florence_n 225_o in_o 230_o l._n but_o yet_o by_o the_o calculation_n i_o make_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o 221_o l._n just_a it_o be_v in_o rhagusa_n 218_o l._n in_o cattarro_n 78_o l._n alexandris_n zera_n 83_o rot._n ditto_n forfori_n 185_o rot._n in_o damascus_n 43½_n rot._n etc._n etc._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n which_o be_v in_o london_n about_o 80_o or_o 81_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v 2¼_n yard_n english_a this_o cane_n be_v divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n which_o be_v about_o 10_o inch_n the_o cane_n make_v 3_o cloth_n brace_n in_o venetia_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n which_o be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n of_o this_o place_n and_o kingdom_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o gross_a salmo_n and_o the_o general_a sicilian_a salmo_n which_o be_v the_o small_a salmo_n upon_o which_o general_a salmo_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v thus_o with_o these_o country_n in_o rhagusa_n staro_n 3⅕_n dalmatia_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n ancoma_n somma_n 1½_n ricanati_fw-la somma_n 1⅔_n rimine_fw-la staro_fw-la 1½_n bolonia_n corbe_n 3½_n in_o andalusia_n 5_o fanego_n in_o portugal_n 22½_n alquiers_n in_o florence_n 11¼_n staios_n in_o avignon_n 5_o sesteros_fw-la in_o venetia_n 3_o staros_fw-la and_o 1_o quarter_n in_o pisa_n 11_o 18_o staros_fw-la bergamo_n staro_fw-la 13._o milan_n mesni_fw-la 4⅛_n genova_n measure_n 2⅓_n in_o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 9_o in_o tripoli_n cafesie_n 15._o in_o tunis_n cafesie_n 15._o alexandria_n ribebe_fw-la 1_o l._n 1._o candia_n measure_v 14._o corfu_n mosie_a 2⅓_n catarro_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n verona_n minali_fw-la 7_o quastero_fw-la vicentia_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n milan_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n treviso_n staro_fw-la 3._o modena_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o parma_n staro_fw-mi 6½_n mirandola_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o palermo_n and_o sicilia_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v in_o spalatto_n staro_fw-la 4._o rhagusa_n staro_fw-mi 3⅓_n segnia_fw-la quart_n 12._o arbe_n staro_fw-la 4._o istria_n staro_fw-la 4._o milan_n staro_fw-la 12._o vincentia_fw-la staro_fw-la 12._o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 11._o forli_fw-la staro_fw-la 3_o quaterroli_fw-la 14_o bologna_n corbe_v 4⅓_n mantua_n staro_fw-la 10._o cremona_n somma_n 2._o bergamo_n staro_fw-la 16._o verona_n minali_fw-la 8_o &_o 11½_n quarteroli_fw-la brassia_n somma_n 2⅔_n milan_n mesini_fw-la 5_o 1_o 9_o florentia_n staro_fw-la 14._o wherein_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o the_o large_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o general_a use_n of_o this_o measure_n in_o the_o lewant_n note_v that_o both_o the_o gross_a and_o general_a salmo_n be_v divide_v into_o into_o 16_o tomelos_n and_o that_o the_o gross_a salmo_n be_v great_a than_o the_o general_a salmo_n about_o 17_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n of_o corn_n here_o buy_v be_v 3_o tarry_v and_o 15_o grain_n the_o salmo_n but_o if_o corn_n be_v above_o 18_o tarry_v per_n salmo_n it_o pay_v also_o a_o new_a impost_n which_o be_v per_fw-la salmo_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n which_o in_o trappano_n be_v make_v in_o great_a quantity_n where_o at_o my_o be_v here_o i_o observe_v to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o 3_o ordinary_a salmos_n of_o corn_n divide_v also_o in_o 16_o tomelos_n which_o make_v sicilia_n weight_n about_o 7_o cantaros_n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v 2¾_n barrel_n of_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v 180_o l._n english_a sicilia_n custom_n of_o sicilia_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o island_n be_v common_o 9_o and_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n for_o food_n pay_v 12_o per_fw-la cent._n exchange_n exchange_n palermo_n be_v also_o a_o place_n of_o great_a exchange_n which_o brief_o at_o my_o be_v there_o do_v run_v thus_o with_o other_o place_n always_o note_v that_o all_o bill_n come_v from_o abroad_o pay_v one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n to_o make_v good_a money_n and_o they_o exchange_v by_o ponctos_fw-la as_o i_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o naples_n with_o naples_n and_o they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 160_o pomutos_n incirca_fw-la to_o have_v in_o naples_n a_o ducat_n current_n and_o their_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o particular_a of_o naples_n be_v express_v rome_n with_o rome_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 26_o or_o 27_o carlin_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n a_o ducat_n de_fw-fr camera_n valentia_n with_o valentia_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 6_o tarry_v account_v and_o 1_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n more_o to_o have_v in_o valentia_n 10_o sold._n 3_o den._n and_o a_o crown_n of_o 12_o tarry_v be_v 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o 13_o tarry_v be_v there_o estimate_v for_o 21_o sold._n messina_n with_o messina_n with_o messina_n and_o syracuse_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o exchange_v with_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o same_o money_n this_o note_n of_o equality_n or_o par_n i_o also_o learned_a here_o for_o current_n for_o valentia_n sell_v 9_o dc_o 10¾_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o barselona_n sol._n 11_o d._n 3⅖_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o majorca_n sell_v 14_o d._n 10½_n per_fw-la florin_n and_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n they_o consider_v the_o interest_n to_o he_o that_o take_v by_o exchange_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n which_o they_o recover_v according_o for_o the_o other_o particular_a circumstance_n thereof_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n and_o messina_n be_v large_o handle_v and_o as_o the_o same_o may_v more_o ample_o there_o appear_v in_o the_o chapter_n 419_o 420_o 421_o 422_o 423_o 424_o and_o 425._o with_o all_o particular_a circumstance_n whereto_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v refer_v for_o better_a satisfaction_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n survey_v the_o trade_n of_o messina_n the_o second_o eminent_a city_n of_o traffic_n in_o this_o island_n chap._n cclviii_o of_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o last_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o island_n be_v mona_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o nicosia_n in_o the_o midland_n milaso_n on_o the_o north_n promontory_n and_o messina_n in_o the_o face_n opposite_a to_o reggio_n in_o calabria_n which_o fare_n have_v in_o time_n past_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o those_o ancient_o account_v peril_n scylla_n and_o charybdis_n the_o one_o a_o sand_n and_o the_o other_o a_o rock_n oppose_v each_o other_o at_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o now_o not_o so_o much_o fear_v by_o our_o seaman_n by_o be_v more_o expert_a this_o town_n be_v the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o this_o island_n and_o inhabit_v by_o many_o merchant_n which_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o haven_n do_v much_o further_a and_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o yearly_a fair_n much_o augment_v the_o commodity_n proper_a hitherto_o as_o also_o to_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o also_o the_o
manner_n of_o keep_v their_o account_n i_o have_v note_v but_o money_n find_v some_o variation_n and_o diversity_n by_o reason_n of_o trade_n i_o will_v brief_o touch_v the_o same_o first_o then_o messina_n coin_n current_a in_o messina_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o italy_n be_v worth_a 14_o tarry_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o place_n they_o account_v 12_o tarry_v a_o tarry_v as_o in_o palermo_n 20_o grain_n be_v 2_o carlin_n a_o ounce_n be_v as_o in_o palermo_n 30_o tarry_v a_o grain_n be_v 5_o pecoly_n a_o florence_n ducat_n do_v pass_v for_o 11_o tarry_v 4_o gr_n a_o ducat_n of_o camera_n of_o rome_n for_o 12_o tarry_v 6_o gr_n a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n of_o naples_n for_o 10_o tarry_v 16â…”_n gr_n a_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v 12_o tarry_v a_o livre_fw-fr of_o gross_a of_o venice_n be_v 3_o ounce_n 21_o tarry_v 1_o gr_n one_o pound_n gross_a of_o aver_v be_v 1_o ounce_n and_o 10_o tarry_v marvedy_n 29½_n of_o spain_n be_v one_o tarry_v and_o a_o pound_n sterling_n be_v here_o note_n note_n the_o weight_n of_o messina_n be_v find_v to_o be_v two_o the_o first_o be_v the_o gross_a cantar_n whereby_o be_v weigh_v all_o manner_n of_o food_n flesh_n caviar_n fish_n tonnies_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o the_o second_o cantar_n and_o have_v produce_v by_o computation_n pound_n english_a 196_o in_o 198_o pound_n and_o the_o small_a cantar_n contain_v as_o the_o former_a 100_o rotolos_n of_o 30_o ounce_n or_o 2½_n pound_n siciliano_n do_v agree_v with_o the_o sum_n mention_v in_o palermo_n as_o be_v the_o common_a weight_n of_o all_o the_o island_n and_o account_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o be_v 173_o pound_n but_o find_v by_o experience_n of_o some_o english_a merchant_n 184_o pound_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o trial_n and_o they_o account_v 20_o pesos_n to_o make_v a_o subtle_a cantar_n and_o 22_o peso_n the_o gross_a which_o be_v the_o general_a cantar_n of_o palia_n messina_n measure_n in_o messina_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o same_o as_o mention_v in_o palermo_n which_o be_v the_o cane_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n for_o length_n and_o the_o salmo_n divide_v into_o 16_o tomolos_n for_o corn_n and_o so_o forth_o as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a handle_v under_o the_o chapter_n of_o palermo_n as_o serve_v for_o great_a use_n to_o the_o merchant_n that_o traffic_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n messina_n custom_n of_o messina_n all_o stuff_n of_o linen_n or_o woollen_a measurable_a of_o this_o kingdom_n sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v at_o messina_n 6½_n per_fw-la cent_n all_o commodity_n of_o weight_n from_o without_o the_o kingdom_n sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v at_o messina_n 3_o per_fw-mi cent_n remove_v from_o ship_n to_o ship_n pay_v 3_o per_fw-mi cent_n or_o 3¼_n all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v convey_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o port_n of_o messina_n pay_v 6â…“_n per_fw-la cent_n messina_n fair_n of_o messina_n unless_o at_o the_o fairâ—…_n when_o as_o some_o commodity_n pay_v less_o than_o some_o other_o so_o that_o silk_n than_o pay_v only_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n i_o have_v note_v a_o old_a print_a observation_n between_o london_n and_o messina_n to_o be_v thus_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o trial_n that_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o palermo_n be_v in_o london_n 172_o l._n the_o 100_o l._n of_o messina_n in_o silk_n make_v silk_n weight_n in_o london_n 43½_n and_o the_o rotolo_n of_o palermo_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 1_o l._n 9_o conce_n the_o 100_o yard_n have_v make_v 44½_n cane_n and_o that_o the_o cane_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 2¼_n yard_n or_o ell_n 1½_n goad_n of_o freeze_v and_o cotton_v and_o thus_o i_o will_v leave_v this_o city_n and_o island_n and_o sail_v to_o malta_n malta_n malta_n malta_n be_v the_o next_o island_n of_o note_n in_o these_o sea_n famous_v more_o by_o the_o knight_n the_o now_o possessor_n than_o by_o any_o traffic_n that_o be_v find_v therein_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o st._n paul_n suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o where_o he_o shake_v the_o viper_n from_o his_o hand_n into_o the_o flame_n which_o yet_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v persuade_v traveller_n have_v leave_v some_o virtue_n and_o relic_n thereof_o behind_o he_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o it_o abound_v in_o cotton-wooll_n orange_n lemon_n citron_n honey_n wax_n and_o some_o other_o fruit_n the_o town_n of_o note_n be_v valetta_n saint_n hermes_n and_o malta_n and_o some_o other_o corsica_n corsica_n corsica_n be_v the_o next_o and_o seat_v opposite_a to_o genoa_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v be_v 300_o mile_n in_o compass_n bastia_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o genoese_a governor_n with_o a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o principal_a port_n for_o ship_n be_v saint_n florence_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o saint_n boniface_n in_o the_o south_n the_o commodity_n thereof_o be_v oil_n fig_n raiâ—…s_n wates_n honey_n wax_n alum_n boxwood_n iron_n good_a horse_n and_o fierce_a mastiff_n little_o other_o commâ—ities_n it_o afford_v not_o their_o weight_n and_o measure_n agree_v with_o genoa_n sardinia_n sardinia_n sardinia_n be_v the_o next_o and_o account_v 550_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o spaniard_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n first_o cape_n luggudory_n towards_o corsica_n and_o second_o cape_n cagliares_n towards_o africa_n sardinia_n commodity_n of_o sardinia_n it_o afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n in_o good_a plenty_n and_o oil_n in_o a_o reasonable_a manner_n but_o abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o hide_n and_o cheese_n which_o in_o a_o homely_a manner_n be_v make_v here_o and_o hence_o disperse_v through_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v here_o many_o town_n such_o as_o be_v bossa_n santa_fw-it reparata_fw-la alquilastro_n and_o lasty_a callary_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o a_o word_n together_o with_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclix_o of_o callary_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o callary_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o callary_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o island_n opposite_a to_o africa_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a vice-king_n enjoy_v a_o goodly_a haven_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n and_o be_v a_o archbiâ—…p's_n see_v and_o well_o store_v with_o eminent_a citizen_n callary_n money_n of_o callary_n their_o money_n be_v general_o the_o money_n of_o valentia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n but_o they_o have_v proper_a to_o the_o island_n some_o copper_n or_o black_a money_n to_o which_o the_o ducat_n and_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v reduce_v and_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o that_o city_n sardinia_n weight_n in_o sardinia_n the_o common_a weight_n be_v the_o pound_n consist_v of_o 12_o ounce_n 160_o l._n thereof_o be_v their_o quinter_n be_v english_a 88_o in_o 89_o l._n and_o in_o marselia_n 101_o l._n in_o florence_n 125_o l._n circa_fw-la sardinia_n measure_n of_o sardinia_n their_o common_a measure_n be_v a_o vare_fw-la and_o a_o brace_n the_o vare_fw-la find_v to_o agree_v with_o valentia_n and_o brace_n with_o florence_n the_o first_o use_v in_o cloth_n and_o linen_n and_o the_o latter_a in_o silk_n etc._n etc._n further_a observation_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o island_n have_v not_o come_v to_o my_o hand_n therefore_o i_o will_v hence_o sail_v to_o the_o next_o island_n which_o be_v those_o of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n chap._n cclx_o of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o majorca_n be_v seat_v also_o in_o these_o sea_n 300_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o 30_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o continent_n of_o spain_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v majorca_n a_o university_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a viceroy_n minorca_n be_v nine_o mile_n distant_a from_o majorca_n and_o 150_o mile_n in_o compass_n wherein_o be_v minorca_n and_o java_n the_o principal_a town_n but_o mahon_n therein_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o excellent_a port_n able_a to_o contain_v 500_o sail_n of_o very_o great_a ship_n in_o safety_n from_o all_o weather_n whatsoever_o &c_n commodity_n of_o majorca_n &c_n &c_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n wines_n oil_n this_o last_o be_v the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n which_o the_o english_a do_v here_o lade_v above_o 500_o tun_n yearly_a and_o sometime_o more_o and_o hence_o export_v by_o they_o if_o the_o spaniard_n have_v not_o otherwise_o occasion_n for_o it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n for_o from_o hence_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o all_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a navigator_n majorca_n money_n in_o majorca_n their_o money_n have_v reference_n to_o those_o current_n in_o spain_n and_o principal_o
a_o desire_n to_o employ_v their_o talent_n in_o foreign_a country_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v to_o be_v perfect_v among_o they_o nature_n have_v to_o this_o end_n fit_v they_o with_o many_o goodly_a port_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o will_v in_o time_n i_o hope_v fit_v they_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o second_v by_o their_o endeavour_n what_o be_v so_o plentiful_o bestow_v by_o she_o upon_o they_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o conversation_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civiliz_n d_o english_a that_o daily_o be_v see_v to_o come_v and_o reside_v among_o they_o and_o thus_o leave_v ireland_n and_o my_o good_a wish_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o her_o traffic_n i_o hence_o pass_v over_o to_o scotland_n a_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o view_v the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclxu._n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o scotland_n be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o salway_n and_o the_o cheviot_n hill_n extend_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o vary_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n from_o england_n i_o have_v think_v good_a here_o to_o insert_v by_o itself_o scotland_n commodity_n of_o scotland_n the_o comedy_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v coarse_a clothes_n freeze_v fish_v salt_v hides_n tallow_n lead_v over_o some_o grain_n feather_n and_o other_o commodity_n as_o sea-coal_n allom_n iron_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o high-land_n and_o the_o low-land_n and_o the_o same_o into_o several_a sheriffdom_n or_o province_n in_o which_o be_v find_v these_o town_n of_o consequence_n chap._n cclxvi_o of_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o first_o edenburg_n wherein_o be_v seat_v the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n consist_v principal_o of_o one_o street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n whereto_o do_v lead_v many_o other_o petty_a lane_n make_v the_o whole_a near_o three_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o second_o town_n be_v glascow_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n the_o three_o be_v saint_n andrews_n in_o fife_n honour_v with_o many_o prerogative_n fourthly_a sterling_a then_o be_v perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n saint_n john_n town_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n scotland_n money_n of_o scotland_n their_o current_a money_n in_o merchandise_n be_v the_o proper_a coin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n both_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v usual_o find_v to_o be_v in_o gold_n in_o piece_n of_o 22_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 11_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 5._o 6_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 2._o 9_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 4._o 4⅜_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 1_o shill_n 1½_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o ½_n the_o ¾_n and_o ⅛_n thereof_o piece_n of_o 9_o 6_o d._n be_v ⅔_n of_o the_o 13_o d._n ½_n sterl_n one_o mark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr piece_n of_o ½_n which_o be_v 4½_n d._n be_v ⅓_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a again_o 13½_n d._n sterl_n be_v a_o scotch_a mark._n or_o 13_o shill_n 4._o d._n scotch_a 6⅔_n be_v a_o scotch_a noble_a 6_o shill_n 8_o d._n 20_o d._n sterl_n be_v 1½_n mark_n scotch_a or_o 1_o pound_n scotch_a of_o 20_o shill_n 20_o shill_n sterl_n be_v 18_o scotch_a mark_n beside_o which_o be_v here_o find_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o he_o that_o will_v see_v further_o into_o the_o intrinsic_n value_n and_o weight_n of_o these_o coin_n either_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o proclamation_n set_v out_o by_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n decease_v date_v in_o 1609_o which_o will_v also_o show_v their_o conformity_n to_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o current_a value_n and_o estimation_n thereof_o through_o this_o kingdom_n scotland_n exchange_n in_o scotland_n here_o be_v practise_v for_o england_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o scotch_a mark_n for_o 12_o penny_n sterling_a in_o london_n etc._n etc._n scotland_n account_n in_o scotland_n their_o account_n be_v now_o keep_v several_a way_n some_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n by_o sterling_a pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o some_o by_o their_o own_o ancient_a manner_n also_o in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n scottish_a 20_o penny_n sterling_a be_v their_o pound_n 13½_n be_v their_o mark_n and_o penny_n scottish_a of_o which_o they_o have_v some_o black_a or_o copper_n monies_n as_o babaes_n esteem_v by_o they_o for_o six_o penny_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a placks_n which_o they_o esteem_v for_o four_o penny_n and_o three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a and_o last_o piece_n call_v hard-head_n esteem_v by_o they_o at_o 1½_n penny_n but_o eight_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v yet_o current_a among_o they_o scotland_n weight_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v in_o general_n as_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o one_o weight_n for_o weigh_v of_o their_o merchandise_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n and_o all_o throughout_o england_n 108_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n london_n sotile_n be_v find_v to_o render_v here_o 92_o l._n incirca_fw-la or_o the_o 112_o l._n to_o give_v 103½_n l._n or_o thereabouts_o 100_o measure_n of_o length_n 120_o for_o 100_o their_o common_a measure_n in_o length_n for_o linens_n cloth_n silk_n or_o stuff_n be_v a_o ell_n common_a in_o use_n throughout_o scotland_n which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n differ_v from_o our_o english_a yard_n as_o be_v great_a so_o that_o whereas_o we_o allow_v 36_o inch_n to_o the_o yard_n by_o rule_n their_o ell_n may_v make_v incirca_fw-la 34½_n inch_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o trader_n hither_o that_o 75_o yard_n in_o london_n or_o ell_n 60_o ell_n have_v make_v here_o 72_o scotch_a ell_n but_o in_o their_o hundred_o by_o tale_n in_o measure_n they_o account_v six_o score_n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o in_o other_o measure_n of_o corn_n coal_n salt_n or_o liquid_a measure_n of_o beer_n ale_n wine_n oil_n and_o such_o like_a imitate_v the_o better_a experience_a to_o supply_v my_o defect_n therein_o for_o i_o hasten_v now_o towards_o england_n and_o so_o to_o london_n the_o city_n of_o my_o abode_n and_o the_o end_n of_o my_o present_a labour_n and_o by_o the_o way_n will_v observe_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o addict_v both_o to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o have_v many_o good_a help_n and_o furtherance_n there_o both_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o good_a port_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o in_o brief_a i_o may_v conclude_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n than_o the_o irish_a and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o english_a which_o yet_o by_o the_o gracious_a aspect_n of_o our_o sovereign_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o increase_v and_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n chap._n cclxvii_o of_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o have_v now_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o happy_a shore_n and_o run_v through_o the_o trade_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a know_a city_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o survey_v the_o distinct_a port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o i_o may_v not_o do_v less_o to_o our_o own_o than_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v do_v to_o other_o foreign_a country_n britain_n then_o the_o queen_n of_o island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o circuit_n 1836_o mile_n extend_v itself_o comprehend_v england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o one_o entire_a island_n which_o we_o now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n 800_o mile_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o part_n as_o into_o england_n and_o wales_n who_o trade_n we_o have_v now_o in_o hand_n and_o scotland_n who_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v chap._n cclxviii_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o wales_n then_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o division_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wie_z but_o by_o some_o by_o clauda_n offa_n or_o offa_n ditch_n or_o more_o proper_a by_o interpretation_n offa_n
tongue_n which_o extend_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n 1._o a_o exchange_v of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o and_o 2._o a_o exchange_v from_o one_o city_n or_o country_n to_o another_o exchange_n rate_n term_n fair_n and_o usance_n of_o exchange_n in_o which_o be_v also_o considerable_a both_o a_o rate_n and_o term_n wherein_o and_o whereby_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n which_o be_v principal_o perform_v by_o certain_a fair_n or_o usance_n accustom_v in_o the_o art_n of_o exchange_v and_o which_o be_v set_v down_o by_o merchant_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n at_o their_o assembly_n and_o meeting_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o regular_a order_n by_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o justice_n and_o by_o peculiar_a law_n and_o ordinance_n among_o themselves_o both_o which_o fair_n and_o the_o rate_n and_o term_n thereof_o have_v a_o constant_a expiration_n within_o certain_a month_n as_o the_o usance_n have_v that_o be_v likewise_o include_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o say_a fair_n which_o be_v find_v to_o end_v within_o certain_a prefix_a day_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o those_o two_o city_n wherein_o the_o say_v exchange_n be_v find_v mutual_o and_o respective_o to_o be_v settle_v and_o place_v thereof_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o exchange_v in_o the_o usual_a manner_n thereof_o moreover_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o exchange_v banker_n and_o exchanger_n be_v find_v to_o observe_v this_o custom_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o that_o be_v one_o propound_v his_o money_n in_o a_o whole_a number_n or_o denomination_n and_o the_o other_o consequent_o and_o necessary_o in_o a_o fraction_n break_a number_n or_o lesser_a denomination_n in_o which_o contract_n or_o bargain_n it_o be_v imagine_v that_o these_o two_o either_o person_n or_o place_n will_v negotiate_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n so_o that_o the_o one_o will_v be_v the_o seller_n and_o the_o other_o the_o buyer_n thereof_o to_o perform_v which_o it_o be_v questionless_a needful_a that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o thing_n make_v the_o rate_n and_o price_n the_o which_o shall_v happen_v without_o any_o contract_n or_o difference_n of_o much_o or_o little_a and_o as_o it_o chance_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o any_o commodity_n so_o fall_v it_o out_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n for_o of_o the_o two_o place_n that_o will_v exchange_v the_o one_o propound_v a_o gross_a sum_n and_o the_o other_o the_o condition_n and_o price_n in_o a_o lesser_a sum_n which_o may_v admit_v either_o a_o increase_n or_o decrease_v in_o estimation_n or_o value_n according_a as_o they_o fall_v to_o agreement_n upon_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a esteem_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n propound_v the_o use_n of_o which_o be_v exemplify_v thus_o example_n example_n if_o placmtia_n will_v exchange_v with_o any_o other_o place_n the_o say_a placentia_n or_o as_o exchanger_n term_v it_o the_o say_v fair_a or_o fiera_n propound_v and_o give_v always_o the_o entire_a sum_n or_o great_a denomination_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o other_o that_o will_v exchange_v therewith_o give_v the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o lesser_a denomination_n this_o sum_n which_o i_o thus_o term_v a_o entire_a or_o whole_a denomination_n fall_v in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v sometime_o one_o crown_n and_o in_o other_o place_n sometime_o 100_o crown_n florin_n or_o ducat_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o find_v to_o be_v practise_v between_o any_o two_o place_n exchange_v for_o each_o place_n give_v either_o a_o denomination_n entire_a of_o one_o to_o another_o or_o of_o one_o hundred_o to_o another_o hundred_o or_o else_o of_o a_o lesser_a dividend_n than_o one_o or_o than_o one_o hundred_o which_o i_o here_o term_v the_o fraction_n break_a number_n or_o small_a denomination_n as_o shall_v be_v more_o plain_o express_v in_o the_o calculate_v table_n follow_v fraction_n what_o a_o entire_a sum_n in_o exchange_n be_v and_o what_o a_o break_a number_n or_o fraction_n now_o as_o touch_v the_o money_n which_o be_v thus_o give_v as_o entire_a or_o whole_a sum_n viz._n one_o or_o one_o hundred_o these_o be_v either_o find_v to_o be_v crown_n ducat_n pound_n florin_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o receive_a quality_n of_o the_o gross_a and_o whole_a money_n which_o that_o place_n be_v find_v to_o have_v current_n that_o will_v give_v so_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o small_a or_o lesser_a denomination_n in_o the_o place_n that_o will_v take_v which_o in_o themselves_o be_v also_o various_a and_o consequent_o of_o divers_a sort_n as_o penny_n sols_n denier_n &c_n &c_n as_o shall_v also_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a table_n judicious_a liberty_n of_o exchange_v to_o the_o judicious_a and_o though_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o one_o place_n give_v a_o exchange_n in_o gross_a money_n and_o another_o place_n in_o small_a as_o be_v before_o relate_v and_o that_o this_o gross_a and_o small_a money_n must_v be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o quality_n and_o kind_n this_o observation_n and_o rule_n prescribe_v notwithstanding_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a but_o that_o exchanger_n may_v though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v seldom_o see_v at_o their_o pleasure_n propound_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o differ_v or_o contrary_a hereunto_o and_o that_o the_o wise_a and_o judicious_a exchanger_n may_v for_o his_o profit_n ease_n or_o commodity_n propound_v his_o own_o intention_n and_o thereby_o if_o he_o can_v obtain_v a_o beneficial_a bargain_n or_o issue_n according_a to_o his_o design_n and_o plot._n as_o for_o example_n exchange_v ignorant_n exchanger_n censure_v the_o judicious_a of_o vary_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o exchange_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o method_n differ_v from_o this_o or_o the_o common_a rule_n or_o contrary_a to_o that_o way_n that_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o take_v some_o will_v soon_o censure_v he_o of_o folly_n that_o shall_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n and_o conceive_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v little_o verse_v in_o exchange_a affair_n that_o shall_v either_o propound_v or_o seek_v to_o perform_v such_o a_o thing_n but_o yet_o no_o great_a heed_n be_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o raw_a conceit_n and_o childish_a opinion_n of_o such_o self-willed_a merâ—…nts_n which_o may_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o drench_v in_o ignorance_n or_o drown_v in_o carry_v because_o that_o a_o skilful_a merchant_n may_v as_o i_o have_v allege_v frame_v his_o exchange_n as_o he_o see_v good_a and_o to_o his_o own_o commodity_n the_o which_o very_o oftentimes_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v do_v by_o other_o and_o practise_v daily_o by_o those_o of_o this_o city_n of_o excellent_a judgement_n example_n example_n in_o example_n whereof_o posito_fw-la i_o will_v exchange_v genova_n with_o naples_n between_o which_o two_o place_n the_o use_n and_o custom_n be_v that_o genova_n give_v the_o entire_a sum_n or_o great_a denomination_n which_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o which_o naples_n give_v the_o grain_n 135_o a_o little_a more_o or_o less_o i_o demand_v why_o may_v not_o genova_n give_v that_o whole_a sum_n which_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o 4_o livre_n as_o it_o be_v accustom_v to_o give_v with_o other_o place_n and_o estimate_v the_o same_o by_o 120_o grain_n naples_n and_o thereby_o the_o exchange_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o first_o manner_n before_o mention_v and_o further_o why_o may_v not_o the_o contrary_n be_v practise_v naples_n give_v the_o whole_a denomination_n which_o may_v be_v decat_n one_o for_o sold._n 66_o 8_o d._n and_o so_o vary_v in_o as_o many_o form_n as_o they_o please_v wherein_o i_o confess_v i_o never_o yet_o find_v any_o exchange_n make_v neither_o do_v know_v any_o true_a reason_n that_o the_o common_a cuâ—…oms_n shall_v be_v alter_v though_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o note_v the_o same_o here_o that_o each_o know_a merchant_n may_v bold_o use_v which_o he_o please_v for_o to_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o value_n and_o course_n of_o both_o the_o place_n exchange_v there_o will_v appear_v no_o difficulty_n therein_o and_o i_o wish_v that_o those_o which_o know_v no_o other_o way_n but_o their_o own_o content_v themselves_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o understanding_n and_o suffer_v other_o of_o better_a judgement_n without_o their_o censure_n to_o follow_v their_o own_o when_o it_o be_v to_o their_o benefit_n or_o commodity_n chap._n cclxxv_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n follow_v exchange_n declaration_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n the_o table_n of_o exchange_n of_o the_o city_n here_o follow_v be_v form_v and_o dispose_v in_o this_o nature_n first_o in_o the_o front_n thereof_o there_o be_v place_v the_o name_n of_o the_o town_n or_o
exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o except_v placentis_fw-la and_o lion_n the_o which_o be_v either_o one_o crown_n or_o 100_o crown_n the_o which_o crown_n be_v account_v of_o gold_n for_o all_o the_o place_n except_v milan_n venice_n and_o germany_n to_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o give_v the_o crown_n of_o 4_o livre_n current_a genova_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 66_o of_o gold_n for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sol._n 664_o of_o gold_n 1_o crown_n rome_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 98½_n ducat_n milan_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la 119_o sold_n venice_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la 7_o liv._o 10_o sol._n pico_n florence_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 106¼_n crown_v lucca_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 118_o ducat_n naples_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 135_o grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 134½_n grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 29â…“_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 29½_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 124_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 83_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 9_o saragosa_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 10._o barcelona_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 8._o siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n marved._n 436._o lisbon_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n ray_n 470._o bologna_n crown_n 101_o of_o gold_n ducat_n 118½_n bergamo_n crown_n 110_o of_o gold_n ducat_n 118â…“_n frankford_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la quarentin_n 92._o vide_fw-la chap._n 360._o how_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n in_o lombardy_n milan_n the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n in_o milan_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n imperial_a and_o some_o in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v account_v the_o imperial_a money_n there_o be_v also_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o no_o settle_a price_n but_o now_o worth_a sol._n 135._o the_o crown_n of_o 6_o livre_n be_v it_o which_o some_o do_v use_v in_o exchange_n with_o genova_n the_o crown_n of_o 117_o sol_n be_v in_o use_n for_o the_o exchange_n of_o venetia_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n and_o sometime_o to_o genova_n and_o to_o all_o the_o other_o the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o or_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n except_v only_o to_o venetia_n which_o be_v of_o sol._n 117_o as_o aforesaid_a milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 134_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sold._n 135½_n 1_o crown_n rome_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 98¼_n ducat_n genova_n gold_n crown_n 1_o liv._o 4._o 10_o current_n venice_n cro._n 1_o of_o 117_o sol._n 1_o liv._o 7._o 6._o florence_n gold_n crown_n 100_o crown_n 105._o lucca_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 117_o ducat_n naples_n gold_n crown_v 100_o 133_o ducat_n lechi_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 134_o ducat_n bari_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 133½_n ducat_n palermo_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n mesina_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 29â…“_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n gold_n crown_n 1_o 124_o gross_v london_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 84½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n barcelona_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 23._o 9_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n gold_n crown_n 1_o 434_o marvede_n lisbon_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 465_o ray_n bologna_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 118_o ducatoon_n saragosa_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 23._o 10_o sol._n bergamo_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 118_o ducatoon_n frankford_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 440._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n venice_n the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n in_o venetia_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o picol_n and_o some_o in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n gross_a and_o other_o in_o ducat_n and_o gross_v the_o money_n which_o here_o be_v call_v picoli_n be_v the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n the_o money_n which_o we_o here_o call_v gross_a be_v worth_a 1_o livre_fw-fr sol._n 62_o of_o picol_n or_o 10_o ducat_n the_o ducat_n be_v always_o worth_a livre_n 6._o sol._n 4._o of_o picol_n or_o else_o account_v 24_o gross_v the_o gross_a be_v worth_a sol._n 5._o 2_o d._n of_o picol_n and_o in_o the_o livre_fw-fr of_o gross_v it_o be_v account_v and_o reckon_v as_o in_o denier_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n only_o to_o placentia_n lion_n genova_n milan_n and_o bologna_n and_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o whole_a number_n either_o by_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o 100_o ducat_n venetia_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 129_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 129½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 100_o 77½_n ducat_n geno_n liv._o pic._n ducat_n 7._o 10_o 1_o crown_n of_o 4_o liv._o current_a mill._n liv._o pic._n 7._o 6_o 5_o 1_o crown_n of_o 117_o sol._n florence_n ducat_n 100_o 82_o crown_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 100_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 100¼_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 99¼_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o tarin_n 11._o 2_o mesina_n ducat_n 1_o tarin_n 10._o 18._o antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 91_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 60_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 7_o 6._o saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17_o 8._o barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17_o 10._o siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o marvedes_fw-la 320._o lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o rate_n 350._o bologna_n ducat_n 115_o ducatoon_n 100_o bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 117._o frankford_n ducat_n 100_o florin_n 127._o lucca_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 91._o vide_fw-la chap._n 368._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n the_o ducal_z city_n of_o tuscany_n florence_n the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n in_o florence_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n picoli_n and_o exchange_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n the_o money_n which_o be_v here_o call_v picol_n be_v the_o money_n current_n of_o the_o place_n the_o crown_n be_v always_o worth_a livre_n 7._o sol._n 10._o of_o picol_n wherein_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o place_n be_v divers_a in_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n with_o the_o current_a money_n and_o here_o the_o variety_n be_v accord_v by_o the_o exchange_n they_o use_v also_o a_o ducat_n which_o be_v worth_a livre_n 7._o or_o else_o bolonini_fw-la 70._o in_o the_o use_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o lion_n placentia_n genova_n milan_n and_o venice_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o entire_a or_o whole_a number_n find_v to_o be_v either_o one_o crown_n or_o 100_o crown_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n crown_n 105_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n crown_n 105½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n crown_v 100_o 96_o ducat_n genova_n crown_v 106_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_v 106½_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n crown_v 82½_n 100_o ducat_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 112_o ducatoon_n naples_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n lechi_n crown_v 100_o 129_o ducat_n bari_n crown_v 100_o 129¼_n ducat_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 28½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 28â…“_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 118_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 80_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 4_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 6_o sol._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 2_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 460_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 115½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 115_o ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 89_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 400_o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lucca_n a_o republic_n in_o tuscany_n lucca_n the_o exchange_n of_o lucca_n in_o lucca_n exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol._n and_o denier_n of_o picol_n and_o do_v change_n in_o ducatoon_n sol._n and_o denier_n the_o money_n here_o call_v picol_n be_v the_o current_n câ—…_n of_o the_o place_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a liv._o 7._o sol._n 10._o of_o picol_n as_o in_o florence_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n of_o picol_n and_o be_v common_o call_v the_o crown_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n genoa_n milan_n and_o venetia_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o entire_a or_o whole_a which_o be_v one_o ducatoon_n or_o 100_o ducatoon_n lucca_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117¼_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 118¼_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 119_o 100_o duc._n genoa_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n
ducat_n saragosa_n duc._n 104_o 100_o ducat_n siv_n al._n &_o med._n duc._n 106_o 100_o ducat_n lisbon_n duc._n 100_o 104_o ducat_n bolonia_n sol._n 20_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n sol._n 20._o 2_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n ducat_n 1_o 9_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 426._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxcu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o sevil_n alcala_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o other_o place_n in_o castilia_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o sevil_n alcala_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n etc._n etc._n in_o these_o part_n and_o general_o throughout_o spain_n merchant_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o marvedy_n yet_o notwithstanding_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o exchange_v they_o have_v a_o imaginary_a ducat_n which_o ducat_n be_v account_v 375_o marvedy_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v ever_o worth_a 400_o marvedy_n and_o the_o single_a rial_n ever_o worth_a 34_o marvedy_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n and_o lian_o but_o to_o all_o other_o place_n the_o whole_a number_n find_v to_o be_v either_o simple_o the_o single_a ducat_n or_o 100_o ducat_n there_o be_v also_o of_o old_a in_o use_n a_o imaginary_a coin_n call_v the_o castiliano_fw-mi wherewith_o these_o place_n do_v exchange_n with_o valentia_n and_o be_v 485_o marvedy_n sevil_n alcala_n and_o medina_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n marue_v 440_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n marved._n 445_o 1_o crown_n rome_n marved._n 450_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n marved._n 442_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n marved._n 438_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n marved._n 330_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n marved._n 430_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n marved._n 370_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n marved._n 337_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a marved._n 334_o 1_o ducat_n bari_n marved._n 333_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n marved._n 180_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n marved._n 175_o 1_o florin_n antw_n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 105_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 72_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol_fw-la 19_o 8._o saragosa_n ducat_n 100_o 104½_n 1_o ducat_n barselona_n ducat_n 100_o 108_o ducat_n lisbon_n ducat_n 100_o 109_o ducat_n belonia_n marved._n 372_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n marved._n 368_o 1_o ducatoon_n frankfort_n ducat_n 1_o 88_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 426._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxcvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n lisbon_n the_o exchange_n of_o lisbon_n in_o lisbon_n and_o throughout_o portugal_n merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v in_o ray_n beside_o which_o they_o have_v a_o imaginary_a ducat_n which_o be_v account_v for_o four_o hundred_o ray_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v a_o whole_a number_n to_o anvers_n colonia_n london_n and_o germany_n which_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o say_v one_o ducat_n and_o to_o all_o other_o place_n it_o give_v on_o exchange_n by_o a_o break_a number_n lisbon_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n res_fw-it 472_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n res_fw-it 480_o 1_o crown_n rome_n res_fw-la 483_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n res_n 476_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n res_fw-la 495_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n res_fw-la 354_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n res_n 465_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n res_fw-la 397_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n res_n 350_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a res_n 352_o 1_o ducat_n bary_n res_n 348_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n res_n 190_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n res_fw-la 193_o 1_o florin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 104_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 69_o d._n sterl_n valentia_n duc._n 105_o 100_o ducat_n saragosa_n duc._n 104¼_n 100_o ducat_n barselona_n duc._n 103⅓_n 100_o ducat_n siv_n al._n &_o med._n duc._n 106_o 100_o ducat_n bolonia_n res_fw-it 400_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n res_n 388_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n duc._n 1_o 89_o quarentines_n chap._n ccxcvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o bolonia_n in_o italy_n bolonia_n the_o exchange_n of_o bolonia_n in_o bolonia_n some_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n and_o other_o in_o ducatoon_n sol_n and_o denier_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n rome_n genoa_n milan_n florence_n and_o lucca_n and_o to_o all_o the_o other_o the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v the_o ducatoon_n either_o one_o or_o one_o hundred_o bologna_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 119¼_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 120_o 100_o ducat_n genova_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 117_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n ducat_n 100_o 114½_n ducat_n florence_n ducat_n 116_o 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 101_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 113½_n ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 1_o 112_o grain_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 112½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 24½_n carlins_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 24⅓_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 103_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 67_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 2_o d._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 0._o barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 1_o d._n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 370_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 395_o ray_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 101_o ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 87_o quarentins_n chap._n ccxcviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o bergamo_n in_o lombardy_n bergamo_n the_o exchange_n of_o bergamo_n in_o bergamo_n merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o picolis_fw-la and_o the_o exchange_n in_o ducatoen_n sols_n and_o denier_n the_o money_n of_o picoli_n be_v the_o current_a coin_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o same_o as_o be_v in_o use_n in_o venetia_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n of_o picolis_fw-la so_o that_o 1_o sol_fw-mi of_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o sol_n of_o picolis_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o denier_n of_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o denier_n of_o picoli_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n rome_n gencua_n milan_n venetia_n florence_n lucca_n naples_n and_o bologna_n and_o all_o other_o place_n the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117¼_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 117½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o ducat_n genova_n ducat_n 117¾_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 117¾_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n ducat_n 87_o 100_o ducat_n florence_n ducat_n 111½_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 100¾_n 100_o ducat_n naples_n ducat_n 88½_n 100_o ducat_n lechi_n ducatoon_n 1_o 112_o grain_n bari_n ducatoon_n 1_o 110_o grain_n palermo_n ducatoon_n 1_o 25_o carlins_n mesina_n ducatoon_n 1_o 24½_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducatoon_n 1_o 104_o gross_v london_n ducatoon_n 1_o 67_o d._n sterl_n valentia_n ducatoon_n 1_o sol._n 20_o saragosa_n ducatoon_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 1_o d._n barcelona_n ducatoon_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 2_o d._n siv_n al._n med._n ducatoon_n 1_o 370_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducatoon_n 1_o 390_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100⅛_n 100_o ducatoon_n frankford_n ducatoon_n 1_o 86_o quarentins_n chap._n ccxcix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o frankford_n norimberg_n augusta_n and_o vienna_n in_o germany_n vienna_n the_o exchange_n of_o frankford_n norimberg_n augusta_n and_o vienna_n in_o these_o place_n merchant_z be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o florin_n sol_n and_o denier_n as_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o the_o florin_n be_v 20_o sol_n or_o 60_o quarentins_n the_o quarentin_n be_v in_o some_o place_n call_v the_o craizer_n which_o be_v 4_o pfening_n so_o that_o 12_o pfening_n make_v one_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v these_o place_n give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v the_o florin_n to_o london_n antwerp_n colonia_n and_o valentia_n and_o to_o all_o other_o give_v the_o break_a number_n which_o be_v the_o quarentin_n frankford_n norimberg_n augusta_n and_o vienna_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n quarentins_n 102_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n quarentins_n 103_o 1_o crown_n rome_n quarentins_n 104_o 1_o ducat_n genova_n quarentins_n 101_o 100_o ducat_n milan_n quarentins_n 102½_n 1_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n current_n venice_n flor._n 126_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n florence_n quarentins_n 96_o 100_o ducat_n lucca_n quarentins_n 86_o 1_o crown_n naples_n quarentins_n 77_o 1_o ducatoon_n lechi_n quarentins_n 77_o 1_o ducat_n bari_n quarentins_n 78_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n quarentins_n 90_o 1_o ducat_n mesina_n quarentins_n 89_o 1_o ducat_n antw._n &_o col._n flor._n of_o 65_o quar_fw-la 1_o 80_o gross_v london_n florin_n 1_o 50_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n florin_n 1_o sol._n 13._o 8_o d._n saragosa_n quarentins_n 96_o 1_o ducat_n barcelona_n quarentins_n 97_o 1_o ducat_n siv_n al._n med._n quarentins_n 87_o 1_o ducat_n lubon_n quarentins_n 86_o 1_o ducat_n bologna_n quarentins_n 88_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n quarentins_n 87_o 1_o ducatoon_n chap._n ccc_o
here_o proper_o in_o the_o general_a say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o distinct_a kind_n the_o one_o as_o appertain_v to_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o private_a estate_n and_o interest_n the_o first_o i_o hold_v proper_a and_o fit_v the_o knowledge_n of_o counsellor_n and_o statesman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a and_o fit_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trading-merchant_n the_o find_v out_o of_o both_o which_o parson_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o par._n 1._o prince_n par._n the_o first_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o i_o term_v here_o the_o prince_n par_fw-fr or_o the_o sovereign_n value_n for_o value_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n city_n or_o place_n the_o several_a standard_n thereof_o so_o equal_o proportion_v so_o true_o and_o just_o by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o mint_n rectify_v that_o each_o prince_n his_o coin_n in_o exchange_n may_v have_v its_o due_a allowance_n according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o fineness_n coarsness_n and_o badness_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o herein_o to_o make_v and_o to_o settle_v this_o abovenamed_a par_n exact_o betwixt_o one_o kingdom_n and_o another_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o those_o of_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n with_o the_o real_a proportion_n that_o happen_v therein_o not_o only_o between_o our_o own_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o other_o country_n this_o examination_n comparison_n and_o proportion_n due_o right_o and_o real_o examine_v compare_v and_o proportion_v and_o no_o difference_n inequality_n or_o disproportion_n find_v or_o admit_v therein_o then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o kingdom_n hereby_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o own_o pound_n sterling_a contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n italy_n germany_n netherlands_o eastland_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o our_o own_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n dollar_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o real_a or_o imaginary_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_v and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v thereon_o i_o here_o call_v the_o prince_n his_o par_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o his_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o country_n and_o kingdom_n par._n 2._o merchant_n par._n the_o second_o par_n i_o call_v the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n par_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ground_v partly_o upon_o the_o sovereign_n or_o prince_n par_n abovementioned_a but_o principal_o upon_o the_o current_a value_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhansement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o such_o merchant_n as_o be_v exchanger_n do_v endeavour_n by_o certain_a rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o equalise_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o prince_n or_o country_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o every_o man_n that_o deliver_v his_o money_n in_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o have_v it_o in_o another_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v ever_o curious_a to_o understand_v either_o the_o loss_n or_o gain_n that_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o distinguish_v by_o the_o knowledge_n and_o find_v out_o this_o par_fw-fr aforementioned_a for_o find_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o he_o that_o remit_v to_o know_v either_o by_o his_o own_o advice_n judgement_n or_o otherwise_o how_o much_o the_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n or_o pound_v whence_o he_o remit_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n whither_o he_o will_v make_v his_o remittance_n unto_o as_o for_o example_n have_v money_n in_o lion_n in_o france_n which_o i_o will_v remit_v for_o antwerp_n i_o ought_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v real_o worth_a in_o antwerp_n as_o presuppose_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n of_o 67_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n 7_o sols_n turnâ—…_n be_v worth_a by_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o course_n thereof_o 100_o gross_v there_o i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o a_o real_a crown_n of_o 60_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n turnois_n the_o crown_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v worth_a multiply_a and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n require_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v sols_n 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n turnois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n thereby_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hereby_o evident_a that_o 89_o â—7_n 67_o gross_a be_v the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n the_o which_o rule_n may_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n in_o remittance_n for_o all_o other_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o any_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o herein_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o species_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o daily_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o every_o day_n according_a to_o present_v occasion_n likewise_o alter_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o at_o one_o rate_n and_o sometime_o at_o another_o and_o this_o par_n be_v the_o matter_n whereupon_o all_o merchant_n exchange_n for_o profit_n and_o loss_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o value_v for_o value_n which_o in_o this_o follow_a tract_n i_o principal_o and_o fundamental_o aim_v at_o now_o the_o last_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o place_n and_o now_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o method_n form_n and_o manner_n how_o the_o account_n of_o these_o divers_a exchange_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v between_o one_o merchant_n and_o another_o cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v which_o indeed_o principal_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o pen_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o arithmetician_n which_o as_o a_o necessary_a adjunct_n and_o needful_a furtherance_n to_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v hereto_o insert_v and_o have_v herein_o pitch_v upon_o the_o principal_a place_n here_o mention_v willing_o omit_v the_o least_o and_o rest_n of_o they_o have_v fit_v to_o such_o as_o i_o have_v conceive_v the_o most_o worthy_a apt_a question_n and_o their_o solution_n from_o one_o town_n or_o city_n to_o another_o with_o the_o denomination_n of_o their_o several_a account_n and_o species_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o brief_a calculation_n thereof_o and_o the_o short_a proof_n of_o each_o prescribe_a rule_n and_o position_n add_v for_o conclusion_n to_o each_o general_a city_n of_o exchange_n some_o example_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v according_a to_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o place_n omit_v some_o other_o principal_a point_n wherein_o i_o may_v have_v enlarge_v both_o this_o matter_n and_o subject_n that_o the_o ingedious_a head_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o learner_n may_v have_v room_n and_o scope_n to_o work_v upon_o according_a either_o to_o his_o desire_n capacity_n or_o inclination_n chap_n ccciii_o of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o lion_n and_o how_o the_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v lion_n example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v only_o in_o use_n four_o time_n a_o year_n which_o be_v first_o 1._o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n begin_v the_o 6_o of_o march_n after_o their_o style_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o month._n 2._o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n the_o 6_o of_o june_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o august_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o all-saint_n the_o 6_o of_o december_n lion_n the_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o acceptance_n of_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o be_v always_o make_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o each_o payment_n which_o acceptance_n hold_v in_o themselves_o both_o a_o promise_n and_o
assurance_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o sum_n include_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n so_o accept_v and_o because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o time_n accustom_v wherein_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v accept_v the_o merchant_n here_o resident_a have_v invent_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o little_a book_n a_o way_n of_o register_n their_o several_a bill_n which_o they_o common_o call_v in_o french_a a_o bilan_n bilan_n a_o bilan_n in_o which_o book_n or_o bilan_n they_o accustomary_o use_v to_o make_v a_o little_a cross_n or_o mark_n upon_o each_o bill_n there_o register_v and_o thus_o orderly_o accept_v but_o if_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v present_v make_v a_o question_n whether_o he_o shall_v accept_v it_o or_o not_o and_o demand_v time_n to_o think_v upon_o it_o than_o they_o place_v upon_o that_o bill_n so_o there_o register_v the_o letter_n v._o signify_v in_o french_a voir_fw-fr la_fw-fr lettre_fw-fr or_o the_o bill_n see_v or_o if_o in_o conclusion_n he_o refuse_v the_o same_o either_o because_o he_o hold_v not_o the_o party_n that_o charge_v the_o same_o sufficient_a or_o solvent_a or_o for_o any_o other_o just_a occasion_n they_o common_o note_v the_o same_o in_o their_o bilan_n with_o s_n and_o p_o signify_v that_o the_o same_o be_v soub_n protest_v that_o be_v under_z protest_v the_o which_o bilan_n of_o acceptation_n draught_n and_o remittance_n thus_o quote_v and_o thus_o register_v i_o observe_v at_o my_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n to_o carry_v so_o much_o credit_n among_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o place_n as_o if_o the_o same_o have_v be_v do_v with_o witness_n by_o a_o public_a notary_n fair_n the_o price_n settle_v for_o the_o succeed_a fair_n the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o the_o say_a payment_n the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v cut_v and_o settle_v as_o well_o for_o the_o succeed_a course_n of_o lion_n itself_o as_o for_o all_o the_o principal_a exchange_a place_n of_o christendom_n in_o all_o which_o it_o be_v find_v that_o lion_n give_v the_o law_n and_o rule_n order_v in_o some_o sort_n the_o price_n of_o all_o other_o place_n except_v for_o placentia_n lion_n discounter_n or_o transfer_v of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o debt_n in_o lion_n the_o six_o day_n all_o the_o merchant_n reside_v upon_o the_o place_n appear_v in_o certain_a public_a room_n near_o the_o burse_n or_o place_n of_o daily_a meeting_n with_o their_o book_n or_o bilan_n contain_v both_o their_o debit_fw-la and_o credit_n of_o both_o debt_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o there_o address_v themselves_o to_o one_o another_o and_o to_o who_o they_o be_v indebt_v intimate_v unto_o they_o to_o transfer_v parcel_n or_o as_o they_o term_v it_o vâ—…er_v party_n and_o give_v for_o debtor_n one_o or_o more_o who_o do_v owe_v and_o stand_v indebt_v unto_o they_o the_o like_a sum_n or_o parcel_v the_o which_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o creditor_n the_o sum_n be_v respective_o register_v and_o note_v in_o the_o bilan_n abovesaid_a and_o after_o that_o time_n that_o parcel_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v transfer_v and_o remain_v entire_o upon_o the_o risgoe_n peril_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v accept_v the_o same_o and_o in_o this_o manner_n here_o i_o have_v observe_v a_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v in_o a_o morning_n be_v pay_v and_o satisfy_v without_o the_o disbursement_n of_o a_o denier_n in_o money_n and_o therefore_o to_o this_o purpose_n all_o merchant_n resident_a here_o or_o their_o servant_n for_o they_o be_v compel_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o appear_v with_o their_o bilan_n thus_o to_o satisfy_v account_n with_o their_o creditor_n and_o make_v good_a their_o payment_n or_o in_o default_n of_o this_o appearance_n be_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n declare_v as_o bankrupt_n and_o this_o in_o brief_a be_v the_o remarkable_a custom_n of_o lion_n in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n upon_o every_o payment_n lion_n rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o exchange_n in_o lion_n it_o now_o remain_v i_o shall_v show_v the_o rule_n how_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v in_o this_o place_n for_o at_o every_o payment_n the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n be_v find_v increase_v or_o decrease_v be_v sometime_o worth_a from_o one_o payment_n to_o another_o 2_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o 2¼_n more_o or_o less_o to_o understand_v then_o there_o rule_v i_o will_v first_o lay_v down_o some_o example_n for_o the_o help_n of_o those_o that_o be_v not_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o city_n presuppose_v that_o a_o merchant_n have_v take_v in_o banco_n 455_o livre_n at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n from_o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o king_n until_o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n and_o to_o know_v what_o the_o exchange_n may_v amount_v unto_o at_o the_o rate_n abovesaid_a do_v this_o brief_o the_o ½_n of_o the_o say_v cent._n at_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n 455_o l._n be_v first_o to_o be_v take_v and_o the_o ¼_n of_o the_o say_v ten_o shall_v be_v the_o exchange_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o ten_o of_o a_o hundred_o be_v ten_o and_o the_o ¼_n of_o ten_o be_v 2½_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n aforementioned_a and_o therefore_o ¼_n of_o the_o ten_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o for_o example_n 3._o at_o 2_o â—_o 3._o again_o a_o debtor_n owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n l._n 3141._o 16_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o pay_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o 2â…“_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o exchange_n the_o which_o most_o facile_a and_o brief_o be_v thus_o perform_v take_v the_o 1_o 1â—_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n and_o of_o the_o proceed_v ½_n and_o of_o the_o ½_n the_o â—_o 3_o add_v the_o say_v five_o to_o the_o â…”_n and_o thus_o the_o value_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v find_v out_o as_o here_o follow_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o brevity_n be_v that_o if_o from_o 100_o one_o take_v as_o be_v before_o say_a â…•_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o â…“_n of_o the_o say_a â…•_n the_o product_n of_o the_o say_v â—_o 5_o with_o the_o â…“_n give_v just_a 2â…”_n as_o be_v above_o specify_v again_o at_o 2_o â—_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n how_o much_o amount_v the_o exchange_n of_o l._n 842._o 17._o 6._o you_o must_v here_o take_v â—_o 3_o of_o a_o 1_o 10_o and_o a_o â—_o 10_o of_o the_o say_v add_v the_o two_o last_o product_n the_o exchange_n will_v appear_v as_o 2â…“_n at_o 2â…“_n again_o a_o debtor_n owe_v to_o his_o creditor_n l._n 1435._o 17._o 8_o d._n to_o be_v pay_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o exchange_n to_o do_v this_o take_v the_o 1_o 10_o part_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n and_o of_o his_o product_n â…•_n and_o of_o the_o ½_n the_o â…›_n add_v the_o say_a â…•_n to_o the_o say_a â…›_n and_o the_o exchange_n will_v appear_v 2¼_n at_o 2¼_n again_o at_o 2¼_n per_fw-la cent._n what_o will_v the_o exchange_n of_o 7661_o l._n 17_o sol_n amount_v unto_o to_o do_v which_o the_o â…•_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o the_o â…›_n of_o the_o say_a â…•_n be_v to_o be_v take_v add_v the_o â…•_n and_o the_o â…›_n and_o it_o give_v the_o exchange_n cent._n at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n again_o at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o will_v know_v the_o exchange_n of_o 7000_o l._n herein_o take_v ¼_n of_o 1_o 10_o and_o â…•_n of_o the_o say_a ¼_n add_v the_o two_o last_o product_n it_o give_v the_o exchange_n as_o for_o example_n 2½_n at_o 2½_n also_o presuppose_v that_o a_o merchant_n have_v sell_v some_o good_n for_o the_o value_n of_o 5312_o l._n 10_o s._n at_o a_o year_n time_n conditional_o to_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o every_o payment_n what_o ought_v the_o buyer_n to_o give_v the_o seller_n at_o the_o say_a term_n in_o this_o case_n consider_v that_o 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o a_o payment_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o 1_o 10_o be_v to_o be_v take_v and_o to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o total_a and_o it_o give_v l._n 5843._o 15._o but_o i_o have_v stay_v upon_o this_o point_n too_o long_o and_o therefore_o will_v omit_v further_a example_n and_o will_v only_o insert_v a_o brief_a method_n of_o these_o form_n of_o exchange_n in_o this_o place_n because_o the_o ingenious_a may_v make_v it_o serve_v his_o occasion_n in_o any_o country_n where_o money_n be_v either_o give_v or_o take_v at_o interest_n serve_v as_o compendious_a table_n for_o cast_v up_o of_o any_o exchange_n here_o or_o of_o interest_n elsewhere_o for_o any_o space_n and_o term_v of_o time_n whatsoever_o and_o fit_o serve_v as_o a_o necessary_a introduction_n to_o what_o i_o shall_v here_o further_o insert_v as_o concern_v the_o exchange_n make_v by_o lion_n for_o other_o country_n chap._n ccciu_o brief_a rate_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o
govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a rule_n can_v be_v peremptory_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v make_v his_o calculation_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o it_o be_v also_o there_o note_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o what_o be_v to_o follow_v that_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n in_o rome_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n of_o stamp_n or_o camera_n sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n name_v of_o the_o eight_o stamp_n which_o be_v number_v by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o 12_o denier_n a_o sol._n the_o crown_n of_o stamp_n be_v worth_a 12_o julio_n the_o crown_n in_o money_n worth_a 10_o and_o the_o julioâ—_n worth_n 10_o baio_n chap._n cccxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lion_n first_o then_o rome_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v cro._n 85_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o eight_o stamp_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o lion_n crown_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3842._o 10._o 7._o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o lion_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crown_n 85_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o will_v 3842._o 10._o 7._o crown_n give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 4520._o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o dividend_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crown_n 4520._o 12._o 5._o of_o the_o sâ—…_n that_o rome_n ought_v to_o have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap_n cccxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n room_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 99¼_n crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v here_o crown_v 100_o of_o marc._n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1382._o 5._o 8._o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o marc._n placentia_n shall_v have_v you_o must_v reduce_v the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 15_o for_o the_o ¼_n of_o a_o crown_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a price_n give_v crown_n 100_o of_o marc._n how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n in_o do_v which_o they_o will_v amount_v to_o crown_n 1385._o 14._o 11._o of_o marc._n which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n room_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1476._o 2._o 3._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o the_o say_v florence_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v reduce_v as_o afore_o be_v say_v the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n of_o gold_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 5_o sol_n for_o the_o ¼_n crown_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a price_n give_v crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o have_v sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o come_v to_o crown_n 1600._o 5._o 2._o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o credit_n must_v rome_n have_v in_o florence_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o as_o florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venice_n room_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v crown_n 73½_n posito_fw-la of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n ducat_n 100_o the_o banco_n of_o liver_n 6â…•_n per_fw-la ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 850._o 15._o 8._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n in_o banco_n shall_v i_o have_v at_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o i_o must_v reduce_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n of_o gold_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 10_o sol_n for_o the_o ½_n crown_n and_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o price_n give_v ducat_n 100_o how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n give_v i_o that_o come_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o gross_n because_o that_o 24_o gross_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o venice_n 1_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n than_o it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1157½_n which_o rome_n have_v credit_n at_o venice_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n may_v be_v discern_v when_o as_o venetia_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n back_o chap._n cccxxxxi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n room_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 87â…˜_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n crown_v 100_o of_o liver_n 5._o sol._n 17_o per_fw-la crown_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 2140._o 16_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o milan_n shall_v i_o have_v first_o reduce_v the_o price_n and_o the_o crown_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o to_o the_o multiplication_n add_v 16_o sol._n â…˜_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o sol_n come_v of_o the_o price_n give_v crown_n 100_o how_o many_o will_v the_o sol_n come_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crown_n 2438._o 5._o 4_o d._n the_o which_o you_o must_v reduce_v into_o liver_n by_o multiply_v they_o by_o l._n 5._o 17._o and_o they_o will_v make_v l._n 14263._o 17._o 2_o d._n which_o i_o must_v have_v at_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o appear_v plain_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o milan_n shall_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n rome_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la ducat_n 135â…”_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 2346._o 15._o 4_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o grain_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n see_v it_o be_v the_o same_o grain_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n as_o in_o ducat_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a in_o naples_n grain_n 100_o and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v grain_n 318377_o off_o the_o which_o you_o must_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n and_o then_o it_o make_v ducat_n 3183_o tarry_v 3_o grain_n 17_o and_o these_o tarry_v and_o grain_n make_v grain_n 77_o because_o that_o the_o tarry_v be_v worth_a grain_n 20_o and_o so_o much_o you_o be_v to_o have_v in_o naples_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o estamp_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n do_v exchange_v this_o sum_n back_o with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxiii_o of_o the_o
day_n back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 1_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n on_o the_o fair_a and_o thence_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 10_o day_n and_o the_o same_o back_n thence_o chap._n cccxli_o of_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o money_n practise_v in_o the_o exchange_n and_o payment_n of_o rome_n exchange_n the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o money_n pay_v to_o rome_n by_o exchange_n this_o term_n aggio_n common_a in_o divers_a part_n of_o italy_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o valuable_a consideration_n in_o the_o species_n of_o sundry_a money_n that_o be_v make_v in_o payment_n either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n and_o be_v account_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o best_a money_n use_v in_o term_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o worst_a use_v in_o payment_n of_o good_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o declaration_n and_o manifestation_n thereof_o i_o have_v make_v this_o question_n and_o chapter_n by_o way_n of_o proposition_n and_o demand_n a_o certain_a merchant_n in_o rome_n find_v himself_o to_o have_v receive_v for_o merchandise_n sell_v by_o he_o to_o another_o crown_n 3441_o and_o baioc_v 97_o of_o julio_n 10_o per_fw-la crown_n which_o he_o desire_v to_o reduce_v into_o crown_n of_o the_o fstampe_n or_o as_o some_o term_n they_o de_fw-fr camera_n thereby_o to_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v remit_v into_o any_o other_o place_n the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n be_v consider_v as_o common_o be_v see_v at_o 45_o julio_n i_o demand_v then_o how_o many_o crown_n of_o estampe_n the_o same_o will_v produce_v to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v first_o see_v how_o much_o the_o 100_o destampe_n be_v worth_a in_o julio_n at_n julio_n 12_o the_o crown_n which_o will_v be_v julio_n 1200_o to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v 45_o julio_n for_o the_o aggio_fw-mi thereof_o because_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o estampe_n be_v worth_a 12_o julio_n and_o then_o the_o aggio_fw-mi which_o come_v to_o be_v 12_o julio_n and_o baiocs_n 4½_n per_fw-la crown_n or_o else_o 45_o julio_n for_n crown_v 100_o and_o they_o will_v be_v 1245_o julio_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v 100_o crown_n destampe_v be_v worth_a the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n comprise_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o must_v reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o money_n into_o julio_n and_o they_o make_v julio_n 34419_o and_o baioc_v 7_o comprehend_v 9_o julio_n and_z 7_o baioc_n for_o 97_o baioc_n and_o this_o be_v do_v then_o work_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o and_o say_v if_o julio_n 1245_o give_v crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n 100_o crown_n how_o much_o shall_v the_o say_v julio_n 34419._o 7_o give_v then_o to_o multiply_v the_o say_v julio_n by_o 100_o there_o be_v only_o a_o cypher_n to_o be_v add_v after_o the_o 7_o baioc_n and_o prosecute_a thus_o the_o work_n of_o the_o question_n it_o will_v amount_v unto_o crown_n 2764._o 12._o 8._o of_o estamp_n account_n proof_n of_o the_o aggios_n account_n now_o to_o prove_v the_o say_a account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o estampe_n by_o julio_n 1245_o per_fw-la cent_n in_o cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o of_o the_o product_n there_o will_v remain_v crown_n 3441_o and_o baiocs_n 96â…˜_n and_o so_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v well_o make_v save_v a_o small_a break_a number_n lose_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n must_v be_v wrought_v all_o like_a account_n though_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n be_v either_o augment_v or_o lessen_v still_o by_o add_v the_o aggio_fw-mi such_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o or_o to_o the_o julio_n 1200_o which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n destamp_n the_o whole_a question_n i_o shall_v for_o explanation_n demonstrate_v by_o the_o work_n thereof_o in_o this_o example_n and_o first_o chap._n cccxlii_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o rome_n rome_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o rome_n i_o will_v herein_o follow_v my_o first_o intend_a method_n give_v you_o also_o a_o proposition_n or_o two_o of_o a_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o commissioâ—…_n and_o order_n the_o manner_n whereof_o large_o explain_v by_o example_n will_v be_v full_a and_o sufficient_a for_o reglement_n for_o the_o like_a draught_n or_o remittance_n from_o this_o city_n to_o any_o another_o place_n from_o rome_n then_o be_v remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crown_n 97¼_n posito_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o be_v remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o ducat_n 136â…”_n i_o will_v now_o know_v at_o how_o much_o come_v the_o remittance_n from_o rome_n for_o placentia_n to_o do_v which_o work_v thus_o you_o must_v first_o multiply_v the_o say_v duc._n 139â…”_n be_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n by_o crown_n 72¼_n per_fw-la cent_n cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o reduce_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o thus_o work_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 98_o 14._o 9_o to_o the_o which_o must_v be_v add_v â…“_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n pay_v at_o venice_n which_o be_v 6_o sol_n 7_o denier_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 99_o 1_o 15_o and_o so_o many_o crown_n destampe_v disburse_v in_o rome_n for_o 100_o crown_n of_o marc._n of_o credit_n at_o placentia_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n to_o prove_v this_o account_n you_o must_v see_v how_o much_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n destamp_v that_o you_o will_v remit_v be_v worth_a in_o ducat_n in_o venice_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o crown_n 72¼_n for_o duc._n 100_o out_o of_o which_o to_o make_v the_o remittance_n to_o placentia_n the_o provision_n be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o at_o â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n then_o see_v how_o many_o will_v the_o crown_n of_o mark_n give_v at_o duc._n 136â…“_n for_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n which_o come_v thereof_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 99_o 1_o 15_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o in_o thus_o work_v will_v come_v to_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n which_o be_v disburse_v in_o rome_n for_o the_o remittance_n make_v to_o venice_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n may_v the_o proof_n be_v make_v of_o all_o other_o account_n of_o the_o selfsame_a subject_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o say_a account_n can_v serve_v in_o any_o other_o occasion_n but_o where_o the_o remittance_n be_v make_v from_o rome_n to_o placentia_n and_o that_o the_o exchange_n be_v at_o 100â…“_n crown_n of_o estampe_n for_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n thereby_o to_o discern_v if_o it_o be_v the_o more_o profitable_a to_o remit_v as_o they_o teâ—m_v it_o a_o dritura_fw-la or_o straight_o or_o else_o to_o make_v remittance_n to_o venice_n and_o from_o venice_n to_o placentia_n as_o be_v beforesaid_a at_o the_o abovesaid_a price_n the_o remittance_n come_v to_o be_v at_o 99_o 1_o 15_o crown_n of_o estampe_n so_o that_o as_o it_o be_v apparent_a it_o be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o remit_v to_o placentia_n by_o the_o way_n of_o venice_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v see_v by_o this_o example_n that_o for_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v no_o more_o pay_v and_o disburse_v but_o crown_v 99_o 1_o 15_o in_o rome_n and_o make_v the_o remittance_n straight_o and_o a_o dritura_fw-la 100â…“_n crown_n be_v to_o be_v disburse_v and_o moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v sometime_o at_o a_o great_a or_o less_o price_n according_a to_o the_o abundance_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o money_n current_n and_o therefore_o these_o account_n serve_v only_o but_o for_o instruction_n sake_n and_o to_o show_v how_o the_o rule_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v and_o cast_v up_o another_o example_n of_o a_o commission_n give_v to_o enlighten_v this_o point_n i_o will_v add_v hereunto_o there_o be_v order_n and_o commission_n give_v at_o rome_n to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o 73â…”_n crown_n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o the_o same_o from_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 93â…“_n but_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o venice_n at_o crown_n 74â…“_n and_o money_n for_o florence_n at_o crown_n 94â…”_n the_o question_n be_v then_o if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n and_o order_n may_v be_v effect_v the_o which_o to_o accomplish_v and_o know_v i_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o see_v that_o rome_n give_v the_o uncertain_a to_o both_o those_o say_a place_n if_o
crown_n 73â…”_n give_v 93â…“_n crown_n what_o will_v crown_n 74â…“_n give_v and_o it_o will_v give_v by_o the_o say_a rule_n crown_n 94._o 3._o 6_o d._n so_o that_o this_o order_n and_o commission_n may_v be_v accomplish_v and_o perform_v with_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crown_n 74â…“_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v draw_v to_o florence_n at_o crown_n 94._o 3._o 6_o and_o there_o it_o be_v find_v at_o more_o videlicet_fw-la at_o crown_n 94â…”_n as_o for_o example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o instruction_n and_o method_n to_o the_o exchange_n and_o commission_n practise_v at_o rome_n and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o eminent_a place_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o my_o intend_a method_n which_o be_v naples_n chap._n cccxliii_o example_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o naples_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v naples_n example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o naples_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o do_v govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o find_v to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a rule_n can_v peremptory_o be_v set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o learner_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o naples_n account_n in_o naples_n it_o be_v also_o there_o observe_v that_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o the_o place_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o ducat_n tarry_v and_o grain_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 5_o and_o by_o 20_o because_o that_o 5_o tarry_v do_v make_v a_o ducat_n and_o 20_o grain_n a_o tarry_v also_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v 13_o carlin_n or_o 6½_n tarry_v and_o the_o crown_n of_o money_n or_o silver_n be_v 11_o carlin_n or_o 5½_n tarry_v the_o ducute_a of_o gold_n be_v worth_n 6_o tarry_v and_o the_o ducat_n current_n be_v worth_a 5_o tarry_v chap._n cccxliv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n naples_n then_o exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 127½_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3295_o and_o 1_o tarry_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o ducat_n 127½_n give_v 100_o crown_n how_o many_o will_v ducat_n 3295â…•_n give_v multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v make_v crown_n 2584._o 9_o 4._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v at_o lion_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n exchange_v back_o either_o for_o naples_n bery_n lechy_a or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 132¼_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 3416_o tarry_v 2_o and_o grain_n 8_o how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v at_o placentia_n to_o do_v which_o i_o must_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n into_o grain_n and_o if_o there_o be_v neither_o tarry_v nor_o grain_n it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o only_a addition_n of_o two_o cipher_n because_o that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 100_o grain_n and_o because_o that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o question_n 2_o tarry_v and_o 8_o grain_n 48_o grain_n be_v to_o be_v add_v and_o take_v grain_n 132¼_n for_o divisor_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n see_v it_o be_v as_o much_o at_o grain_n 132¼_n per_fw-la crown_n as_o at_o duc._n 132¼_n per_fw-la crown_n 100_o multiply_v as_o well_o the_o one_o part_n as_o the_o other_o by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o quarter_n of_o grain_n and_o after_o division_n by_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o divisor_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o all_o this_o do_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 2573._o 12._o 4_o of_o mark_n which_o i_o must_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n abovementioned_a as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v more_o apparent_o demonstrate_v when_o this_o sum_n or_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o placentia_n to_o naples_n bary_n lechy_a or_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o rome_n naples_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 135â…”_n in_o this_o place_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3183._o 3._o 17._o what_o credit_n in_o crown_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o rome_n to_o know_v which_o the_o question_n be_v wrought_v as_o be_v before_o mention_v in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 2346._o 15._o 2._o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n or_o de_fw-fr camera_n and_o for_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o rome_n to_o naples_n bary_n lechy_a or_o to_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o florence_n naples_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v duc._n posita_fw-la 119â…”_n to_o have_v in_o florence_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 934._o 1._o 10._o how_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o florence_n this_o must_v be_v wrought_v as_o the_o precedent_a question_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 780._o 15._o 0_o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n as_o appeareth_z by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v declare_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o florence_n to_o naples_n chap._n cccxlviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o venice_n naples_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 97¼_n to_o have_v in_o venice_n ducas_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…•_n of_o this_o money_n which_o now_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 1799._o 1._o 13_o of_o naples_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o the_o place_n of_o venetia_n this_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v as_o the_o precedent_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o gross_a because_o that_o the_o ducat_n of_o liver_n 6._o 4_o s._n make_v 24_o gross_a and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 1850_o 5_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n of_o 1850_o 3_o 24_o be_v exchange_v baâ—…_n from_o venice_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n of_o naples_n chap._n cccxlix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o milan_n naples_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la duc._n 98½_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n crow_n 100_o of_o liver_n 5_o per_fw-mi crow_n of_o the_o money_n of_o this_o place_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 850_o how_o many_o crow_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o milan_n to_o know_v which_o i_o must_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o by_o this_o work_n it_o will_v make_v crow_n 862._o 18._o 10._o and_o to_o know_v how_o many_o liver_n they_o be_v they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 5_o liver_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o den._n then_o the_o sol_n and_o afterward_n the_o
the_o same_o be_v conclude_v genoa_n exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n i_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o genoa_n and_o with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o declare_v the_o common_a rate_n and_o price_n how_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o govern_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o it_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o great_a certainty_n yet_o so_o far_o it_o be_v conducible_a to_o this_o knowledge_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o either_o in_o the_o draught_n remittance_n or_o order_n that_o may_v happen_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o city_n the_o form_n of_o which_o account_v now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v will_v enlighten_v the_o way_n to_o what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o for_o brevity_n sake_n willing_o omit_v genoa_n account_n in_o genoa_n to_o give_v then_o introduction_n thereto_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o exchanger_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n several_a way_n as_o some_o in_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o current_a money_n and_o other_o by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o both_o these_o account_v and_o sum_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o 20_o sol_n make_v a_o liver_n and_o 12_o denier_n do_v make_v a_o sol._n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n be_v worth_a here_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n of_o genoa_n though_o it_o be_v find_v sometime_o to_o be_v worth_n more_o and_o sometime_o less_o as_o money_n be_v request_v notwithstanding_o the_o say_a crown_n be_v always_o give_v for_o 68_o sol_n money_n of_o gold_n again_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o genoa_n all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v be_v effective_o for_o placentia_n lion_n milan_n venice_n naples_n and_o rome_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o handle_n thereof_o i_o shall_v to_o avoid_v tediousness_n be_v the_o brief_a chap._n ccclxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sol._n 87¾_n current_a money_n to_o have_v there_o 1_o crow_n of_o mark_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 10269._o 19_o 3_o d._n current_a money_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o mark_v i_o shall_v have_v in_o placentia_n example_n 1._o example_n first_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_v sol._n 87¾_n by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o 4_o 4_o add_v the_o â—_o 4_o and_o they_o make_v 351_o quarter_n and_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 4_o to_o make_v they_o quarter_n of_o sol_n add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n ¼_n for_o the_o 3_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v be_v in_o all_o 821_o 597_o which_o divide_v by_o 331_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o the_o division_n will_v be_v 2340_o multiply_v the_o rest_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v be_v in_o all_o crow_n 2340._o 14._o 7._o of_o gold_n of_o mark_n which_o you_o must_v have_v in_o placentia_n as_o by_o example_n will_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o prove_v this_o account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o mark_n by_o lib._n 4._o 7._o 9_o beginning_n to_o multiply_v by_o the_o denier_n and_o then_o by_o sols_n calculate_v it_o by_o 12_o denier_n for_o one_o sol_fw-mi and_o by_o 2d_o for_o one_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v l._n 10269-18-11_a so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o account_n be_v just_a the_o difference_n be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v lose_v as_o by_o example_n exchange_n another_o example_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o genoa_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o see_v that_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o placentia_n in_o sols_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o money_n be_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n by_o decree_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v worth_a sol_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n and_o though_o that_o the_o say_a price_n of_o the_o current_a money_n rise_v and_o fall_v the_o money_n of_o gold_n never_o vari_v from_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 68_o sol._n if_o then_o i_o will_v know_v for_o liver_n 2816._o 13._o 4._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o one_o exchange_v at_o 66_o 5_o d._n money_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la crown_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v one_o have_v do_v thus_o reduce_v the_o abovesaid_a liver_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o the_o sol_n rest_v by_o 12_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_v sol_n 66._o 5_o denier_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o shall_v be_v the_o divisor_n of_o the_o sum_n of_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_v liv._o the_o which_o divide_v will_v be_v 848_o cro._n 3._o 7._o of_o mark._n proof_n proof_n to_o prove_v this_o rule_n multiply_v this_o by_o 5_o d._n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 2186._o 13._o 3._o which_o show_v the_o account_n to_o be_v just_o cast_v example_n three_o example_n in_o genoa_n i_o will_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n lib._n 3248._o 15._o of_o current_a money_n which_o be_v exchange_v at_o 67_o sol._n 10_o d._n of_o money_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n they_o will_v be_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n divide_v the_o same_o by_o 90_o sol_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 721._o 18._o 10_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o l._n 8_o s._n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o lib._n 2454._o 12._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o divide_v by_o 67._o 10_o to_o see_v what_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v worth_a and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 723._o 14._o 3._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v genoa_n have_v medit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_v l._n 3248._o 15_o of_o current_a money_n as_o the_o example_n shall_v more_o evident_o demonstrate_v geona_n to_o reduce_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o gold_n in_o geona_n if_o in_o genoa_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o a_o short_a rule_n because_o that_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n be_v 90_o s._n and_o in_o money_n of_o gold_n 68_o s._n you_o must_v take_v of_o the_o current_a money_n twice_o â…“_n place_v they_o the_o one_o under_o the_o other_o and_o out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a â…“_n take_v â…•_n and_o of_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o say_a â…•_n you_o must_v take_v â…“_n and_o add_v these_o 4_o parcel_n together_o will_v come_v money_n of_o gold_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n if_o by_o the_o same_o method_n you_o will_v reduce_v liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n into_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n you_o must_v add_v to_o the_o say_a liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n the_o ¼_n and_o of_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o take_v 1_o 17_o add_v the_o say_v two_o parcel_n together_o and_o they_o will_v make_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n wherein_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a thus_o far_o to_o enlarge_v myself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a exchange_n continual_o practise_v between_o the_o say_v two_o place_n chap._n ccclxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n genoa_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 59_o 9_o money_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 37296._o 6._o 0_o of_o current_a money_n in_o genoa_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o shall_v have_v in_o liver_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o the_o former_a rule_n divide_v by_o sol._n 90._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 8288._o 1._o 4._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 3._o 8._o 5._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o
penny_n and_o money_n for_o francfort_n at_o florin_n 132â…•_n i_o demand_v then_o at_o these_o rate_n whether_o this_o commission_n without_o breach_n of_o order_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o do_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o see_v that_o venice_n give_v the_o certain_a price_n to_o both_o those_o say_v two_o place_n if_o 56_o penny_n sterl_n give_v 130_o florin_n the_o limit_a price_n what_o shall_v 57¼_n penny_n give_v the_o price_n find_v and_o it_o will_v make_v flor._n 132_o 9_o 10_o from_o which_o deduct_v 10_o s._n 7_o den._n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v take_v at_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n there_o will_v remain_v flor._n 132._o 7._o 5_o so_o that_o thereby_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v perform_v with_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o 57¼_n penny_n sterl_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o francfort_n at_o florin_n 132._o 7._o 5_o and_o the_o money_n that_o be_v find_v be_v at_o flor._n 132â…•_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o example_n example_n 2._o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o florence_n be_v creditor_n in_o venice_n posito_fw-la 2000_o ducat_n of_o banco_n who_o order_v that_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v unto_o he_o at_o crow_n 81½_n thence_o or_o by_o the_o way_n of_o antwerp_n at_o gross_a 91¼_n and_o to_o take_v the_o most_o beneficial_a way_n of_o the_o two_o and_o find_v a_o remittance_n by_o both_o to_o profit_v according_a to_o the_o limit_a price_n the_o order_n be_v to_o take_v the_o most_o prositable_a of_o the_o two_o and_o find_v the_o remit_v tance_n produce_v loss_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o least_o now_o then_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o florence_n as_o i_o say_v at_o 82½_n crow_n and_o for_o antwerp_n at_o 92_o 7_o 10_o grow_v i_o will_v know_v by_o which_o the_o remittance_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o the_o remittance_n may_v be_v make_v to_o profit_n and_o desirous_a to_o find_v out_o the_o most_o profitable_a you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 81½_n give_v gross_a 91¼_n the_o price_n limit_v what_o shall_v 82½_n crow_n give_v which_o be_v the_o price_n find_v and_o it_o will_v make_v gross_v 92_o 7_o 10_o or_o thereabouts_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n must_v be_v make_v by_o florence_n straight_o because_o that_o remit_v by_o that_o way_n at_o 82½_n crow_n to_o make_v the_o price_n you_o shall_v remit_v to_o antwerp_n at_o 92_o 7_o 10_o gross_a and_o there_o be_v no_o bill_n find_v but_o at_o gross_a 92_o 9_o 10_o as_o it_o be_v see_v wrought_v by_o this_o example_n example_n 3._o example_n again_o posito_fw-la from_o lion_n the_o exchange_n go_v for_o venice_n at_o duc._n 117â…–_n and_o for_o naples_n at_o duc._n 125_o i_o demand_v give_v order_n to_o lion_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o make_v draught_n to_o venice_n and_o remit_v 〈◊〉_d naples_n at_o what_o price_n then_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v out_o to_o be_v from_o venice_n to_o naples_n to_o know_v â—aich_a say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o ducat_n 117â…–_n of_o venice_n the_o price_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o sol._n of_o gold_n of_o lion_n give_v at_o naples_n duc._n 125_o how_o many_o will_n duc._n 100_o give_v of_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 106½_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o so_o much_o credit_n must_v be_v have_v in_o naples_n for_o duc._n 100_o of_o lib._n 6â…•_n which_o be_v disburse_v in_o venice_n out_o of_o which_o must_v be_v deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v pay_v in_o lion_n example_n 4._o example_n again_o in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n come_v order_n from_o florence_n to_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 136_o and_o to_o prevail_v on_o they_o at_o crow_n 80_o not_o of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v make_v for_o 5000_o crown_n of_o mark_n now_o the_o say_v 5000_o crow_n of_o mark_n be_v find_v for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135_o and_o for_o florence_n may_v be_v draw_v duc._n 2000_o at_o crown_n 80¼_n i_o will_v know_v at_o what_o price_n must_v the_o rest_n be_v down_o to_o know_v which_o i_o must_v first_o see_v for_o remittance_n of_o the_o say_a crew_n 5000_o of_o mark_n at_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n it_o be_v at_o florence_n and_o to_o do_v this_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o duc._n 136_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o they_o make_v duc._n 6000_o without_o calculation_n of_o provisiâ—…_n see_v that_o the_o order_n be_v not_o of_o charge_n you_o must_v multiply_v they_o by_o crown_n 80_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 5440_o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o the_o draught_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v for_o the_o say_a crow_n 5000_o of_o mark_n by_o remittance_n and_o afterward_o multiply_v the_o say_a crown_n 5000_o by_o duc._n 135_o per_fw-la cent_n the_o price_n that_o be_v find_v it_o make_v duc._n 6750._o to_o which_o add_v duc._n 27._o for_o the_o provision_n at_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n see_v that_o the_o draught_n must_v be_v make_v for_o florence_n and_o they_o will_v be_v duc._n 6777_o out_o of_o which_o deduct_v duc._n 2000_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v draw_v at_o crown_n 80¼_n there_o will_v rest_v duc._n 4777_o and_o for_o the_o say_v duc._n 2000_o there_o disbursement_n be_v at_o florence_n crown_n 1605â—_n which_o must_v be_v deduct_v out_o of_o crow_n 5440_o which_o must_v be_v draw_v there_o will_v remain_v crown_n 3835_o of_o gold_n which_o must_v be_v draw_v for_o the_o which_o i_o must_v be_v imburse_v at_o venice_n ducat_n 4777_o and_o to_o know_v at_o what_o price_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 4777_o give_v by_o disbursement_n at_o florence_n crown_v 3835_o of_o gold_n what_o will_v duc._n 100_o give_v and_o it_o will_v make_v crow_n 80._o 5._o 7._o of_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a partido_n of_o duc._n 4777_o may_v be_v draw_v and_o the_o other_o duc._n 2000_o at_o 80¼_n crow_n and_o so_o for_o both_o these_o parcel_n must_v be_v draw_v crown_v 5440_o as_o be_v inorder_v and_o there_o be_v imburse_v duc._n 6777_o there_o be_v per_fw-la contra_fw-la disburse_v duc._n 6750_o for_o the_o remittance_n of_o the_o say_a crown_n 5000_o of_o mark_n at_o duc._n 135._o per_fw-la cent_n and_o duc._n 27_o which_o be_v imburse_v over_o and_o above_o proceed_v from_o the_o provision_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n this_o say_a commission_n will_v remain_v perform_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o committee_n inordered_a as_o by_o example_n the_o same_o will_v appear_v evident_a follow_v note_n note_n and_o note_n when_o the_o say_a city_n of_o venice_n exchange_v for_o naples_n rome_n antwerp_n and_o london_n and_o that_o you_o will_v know_v at_o how_o much_o come_v the_o money_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o say_a place_n for_o lion_n or_o placentia_n the_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o florence_n and_o placentia_n always_o multiply_v the_o price_n by_o which_o the_o exchange_n go_v for_o lion_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o other_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v remit_v or_o draw_v and_o therefore_o for_o brevity_n sake_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o propound_v here_o any_o further_a example_n chap._n ccclxxxii_o of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o venice_n venice_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o venice_n the_o term_n from_o venice_n to_o naples_n and_o gaietta_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n at_o 30_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n and_o lucca_n at_o 20_o after_o date_n and_o 5_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 45_o day_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 75_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o sevil_n at_o 90_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o bridge_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o 15_o day_n back_o to_o milan_n at_o 12_o day_n sight_n and_o 20_o day_n thence_o after_o date_n to_o constantinople_n 5_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccclxxxiii_o example_n of_o the_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v in_o placentia_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v placentia_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o placentia_n
the_o crown_n of_o mark_n there_o will_v remain_v sol._n 134â…”_n and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o or_o for_o milan_n genoa_n question_v for_o genoa_n again_o at_o milan_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_z sol_fw-mi 133½_n and_o for_o genoa_n at_o sol_n 118â…”_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n for_o genoa_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 118â…”_n of_o milan_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n of_o genoa_n give_v sol_n 80_o what_o will_v sols_n 133½_n give_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o money_n of_o milan_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n the_o which_o without_o make_v the_o reduction_n into_o money_n of_o gold_n see_v it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n be_v worth_a 68_o sol._n of_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o and_o for_o genoa_n lion_n question_v for_o lion_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o duc._n 141._o and_o for_o lion_n at_o 116½_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v for_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 141._o of_o l._n 6._o â…“_n of_o venice_n give_v in_o placentia_n crow_n 100_o how_o many_o will_n duc._n 116½_n give_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 82â…_n or_o circa_fw-la and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placcntia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n another_o another_o at_o placentia_n there_o be_v exchange_n make_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 83½_n and_o for_o florence_n at_o crow_n 113_o and_o from_o that_o place_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o they_o exchange_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95â…“_n i_o will_v know_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v beneficial_a to_o remit_v from_o placentia_n to_o lion_n and_o to_o draw_v from_o florence_n by_o inorder_v my_o factor_n at_o florence_n to_o prevail_v upon_o lion_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o crow_n 95â…“_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n 83½_n of_o mark_n be_v the_o price_n of_o crow_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n by_o crow_n 113._o of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n see_v that_o the_o say_v crown_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v crow_n 94._o 7._o 1._o to_o which_o add_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n which_o be_v pay_v the_o one_o at_o florence_n the_o other_o at_o lion_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 94._o 19_o 8._o so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o draw_v and_o to_o remit_v according_a to_o the_o abovesaid_a order_n and_o manner_n because_o that_o at_o florence_n may_v be_v take_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95_o or_o circa_fw-la and_o find_v crow_n 95½_n upon_o which_o consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v what_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n may_v do_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n which_o thus_o i_o work_v by_o example_n now_o for_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o placentia_n it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o city_n in_o chapter_n 383._o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a and_o continue_a practice_n here_o daily_o make_v for_o vast_a sum_n i_o have_v somewhat_o more_o than_o ordinary_o enlarge_v myself_o and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o place_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v florence_n chap._n cccc_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o florence_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v florence_n exchange_n practise_v in_o florence_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n the_o say_a city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o subject_a to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a price_n can_v be_v peremptory_o set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o itself_o it_o be_v so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v be_v further_v to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n upon_o this_o place_n now_o remain_v here_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v make_v a_o man_n capable_a to_o understand_v the_o same_o with_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n here_o omit_v florence_n account_n keep_v in_o florence_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v observable_a here_o that_o all_o exchanger_n here_o do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n or_o lyre_n or_o liver_n 7½_n of_o that_o money_n per_fw-mi crown_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n do_v make_v one_o crown_n and_o 12_o den._n one_o sol._n chap._n cccci_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n florence_n then_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 95¾_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crow_n 1268._o 9_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 95¾_n give_v crown_n 100_o what_o will_v crown_n 1268._o 9_o give_v and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 1324_o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v in_o all_o crown_n 1324._o 15._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v credit_n in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o florence_n the_o calculation_n thereof_o here_o follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n chap._n ccccii._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 110½_n crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v there_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v due_a to_o i_o first_o reduce_v the_o say_v crown_n 110½_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o sol_n for_o the_o half_a crown_n and_o they_o make_v sol._n 2210_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n into_o sols_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 99461_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 2210_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n what_o will_v sol._n 99461_o give_v to_o which_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o 100_o and_o then_o divide_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 4500._o 9_o 11._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o must_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n of_o florence_n as_o by_o example_n calculate_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v from_o placentia_n to_o florence_n etc._n etc._n chap._n cccciii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venice_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 81½_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v duc._n in_o banco_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…“_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 2037._o 10._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n in_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o bring_v the_o crow_n 81½_n into_o half_a crown_n multiply_v they_o by_o 2_o and_o so_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n add_v half_o a_o crown_n for_o the_o 10_o sol_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o half_a crown_n produce_v of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n give_v at_o venice_n duc._n 100_o what_o will_v the_o half_a crown_n give_v proceed_v from_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n and_o so_o by_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o
and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o l._n 5_o per_fw-la crow_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la 98½_n ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 4314_o 14_o 2_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o naples_n first_o take_v â…•_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o crow_n of_o 5_o l._n and_o they_o make_v crow_n 862._o 18._o 10._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o grain_n 98½_n per_fw-la crow_n see_v it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o at_o ducat_n 98½_n per_fw-la 100_o crow_n and_o it_o make_v grain_n 84999_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n there_o will_v remain_v ducat_n 849_o and_o for_o the_o two_o figure_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v grain_n 99_o will_v be_v liver_n 4_o grain_n 19_o in_o all_o ducat_n 849._o 4._o 19_o which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o naples_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o milan_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n shall_v exchange_v with_o milan_n chap._n ccccxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n for_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o genoa_n milan_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 118½_n to_o have_v in_o genoa_n one_o crown_n for_o 4_o l._n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 5703._o 18._o 0_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o genoa_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n into_o sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n the_o 18_o sol_n which_o account_n with_o the_o liver_n and_o then_o of_o the_o sol_n produce_v and_o of_o the_o say_a sol_n 118½_n take_v for_o division_n bring_v into_o ½_n sols_n and_o divide_v the_o same_o will_v become_v crown_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 962._o 13._o 8._o of_o l._n 4._o money_n of_o genoa_n the_o which_o to_o bring_v into_o liver_n must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 4._o per_fw-la crow_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o say_v l._n 4._o by_o denier_n 8_o and_o by_o the_o sol_n 13_o which_o be_v with_o the_o crown_n calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n one_o liver_n it_o will_v come_v to_o l._n 3850._o 14._o 8._o and_o so_o many_o liver_n of_o money_n current_n shall_v you_o have_v in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a liver_n 5703._o 18._o of_o milan_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o genoa_n do_v exchange_n for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxvii_n of_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n milan_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n find_v to_o be_v in_o milan_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v from_o thence_o to_o genoa_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o a_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n and_o now_o to_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o use_n in_o the_o say_a place_n chap._n ccccxviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n milan_n order_n and_o commissionâ—_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o milan_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v here_o by_o order_n and_o commission_n from_o other_o place_n example_n 1_o example_n from_o naples_n then_o come_v order_n to_o milan_n to_o remit_v for_o placentia_n at_o 133_o sol._n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o genoa_n at_o sol._n 118½_n the_o parcel_n be_v for_o 3000_o crown_n of_o mark._n now_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o placentia_n at_o sols_n 131._o consider_v then_o the_o benefit_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o may_v the_o draught_n be_v for_o genoa_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sol._n 133_o give_v 118½_n the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v 131_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n and_o it_o will_v be_v sol._n 116â…”_n and_o at_o this_o price_n the_o draught_n must_v be_v make_v for_o genoa_n in_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 131_o and_o the_o commission_n will_v remain_v effect_v according_a to_o the_o order_n give_v example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o lion_n be_v order_v give_v to_o milan_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v for_o lion_n at_o sol._n 118_o and_o reâ—it_v to_o venice_n at_o sol._n 145_o the_o parcel_n be_v for_o duc._n 5500_o of_o l._n 6â…“_n per_fw-la duc._n there_o be_v money_n for_o lion_n at_o sol._n 119_o and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o sol._n 144â…“_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o order_n may_v be_v perform_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o take_v one_o of_o the_o price_n which_o be_v find_v for_o divisor_n by_o reason_n that_o milan_n give_v according_a to_o my_o former_a method_n the_o certain_a price_n to_o venice_n and_o the_o uncertain_a to_o lion_n and_o say_v if_o 144â…“_n the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n give_v sol._n 118_o what_o will_v 145_o the_o price_n inorder_v give_v and_o it_o will_v make_v 118½_n so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n at_o the_o price_n find_v may_v be_v effect_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 144â…“_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o lion_n at_o 118½_n and_o there_o be_v money_n find_v at_o sol._n 119._o as_o by_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o rome_n come_v order_n to_o milan_n to_o draw_v on_o they_o at_o crow_n 115_o and_o remit_v to_o plaâ—…ntia_n at_o 132_o sol_n the_o party_n be_v for_o crow_n 4000_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 133½_n and_o mo_z for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 11._o 6â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o rate_v the_o commission_n may_v be_v perform_v without_o loss_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sol._n 132_o give_v cro._n 11._o 5._o though_o price_n limit_v what_o will_v 133½_n give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 116._o 6._o 1._o so_o that_o the_o commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o sol._n 133½_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 116_o 3_o 18_o and_o there_o be_v find_v at_o more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o crow_n 116â…–_n as_o per_fw-la example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n next_o be_v palermo_n and_o mesina_n chap._n ccccxix_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v mesina_n exchange_n practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n these_o city_n in_o sicilia_n be_v observe_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n both_o in_o his_o draught_n and_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o cast_v the_o sum_n up_o be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o here_o with_o some_o few_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n to_o those_o other_o omit_v sicilia_n account_n keep_v in_o sicilia_n first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n and_o general_o bring_v the_o island_n of_o sicilia_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 30_o and_o 20_o because_o that_o 30_o tarry_v do_v make_v a_o ounce_n and_o 20_o grain_n make_v a_o tarry_a and_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 13_o which_o be_v carlins_n 26_o the_o crown_n of_o money_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 12_o which_o be_v carlins_n 24._o the_o florin_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 6_o which_o be_v
carlins_n 28_o and_o for_o placentia_n at_o carlins_n 33_o and_o from_o hence_o there_o be_v a_o exchange_n for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 81½_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n there_o will_v be_v a_o benefit_n to_o remit_v from_o mesina_n to_o placentia_n and_o draw_v for_o lion_n to_o remit_v from_o placentia_n to_o the_o say_a lion_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o cro._n 81½_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o carlins_n 33_o the_o value_n of_o a_o crown_n of_o mark_n to_o reduce_v the_o exchange_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n give_v 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n what_o will_v 28_o carlin_n give_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 84_o 11_o 20_o out_o of_o which_o must_v be_v abate_v â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n payable_a â…“_n at_o lion_n and_o another_o â…“_n at_o placentia_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v crow_n 84_o 3_o 10_o and_o at_o this_o price_n the_o remittance_n may_v be_v make_v from_o placentia_n to_o lion_n to_o satisfy_v that_o debt_n and_o find_v to_o remit_v at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o crow_n 81½_n it_o appear_v plain_o to_o be_v to_o profit_v to_o draw_v and_o to_o remit_v according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a order_n in_o which_o also_o lie_v this_o consideration_n that_o the_o money_n of_o placentia_n for_o lion_n may_v also_o vary_v from_o the_o say_a price_n example_n example_n 1_o example_n again_o from_o venice_n there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o mesina_n to_o draw_v upon_o they_o at_o l._n 6._o 14_o and_o to_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o carlins_n 29_o the_o partido_n be_v for_o crown_n 2000_o of_o mark._n now_o there_o be_v bill_n for_o placentia_n find_v at_o carlins_n 29½_n and_o money_n for_o venice_n at_o l._n 6._o 12._o 6_o i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o take_v one_o of_o the_o price_n that_o be_v find_v for_o divisor_n because_o that_o from_o mesina_n to_o venice_n it_o give_v the_o price_n certain_a and_o to_o placentia_n the_o incertain_a say_v thus_o if_o carlins_n 29½_n the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n give_v sol._n 134_o which_o be_v the_o say_v l._n 6._o 14._o what_o will_n carlins_n 29_o give_v the_o price_n inorder_v and_o it_o will_v make_v sol._n 131¼_n or_o thereabouts_o so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v not_o be_v effect_v but_o to_o loss_n see_v that_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 29½_n carl_n the_o draught_n can_v be_v make_v to_o venice_n at_o more_o than_o sol._n 131¼_n and_o money_n be_v not_o find_v but_o at_o sol._n 132½_n which_o be_v the_o say_v l._n 6._o 12._o 6_o d._n example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o naples_n there_o be_v a_o exchange_n make_v for_o mesina_n at_o duc._n 118_o 1_o 31_o and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 132â…“_n now_o there_o be_v order_n give_v in_o naples_n that_o at_o these_o rate_n they_o draw_v for_o mesina_n and_o that_o they_o remit_v to_o placentia_n i_o demand_v then_o at_o how_o much_o will_v the_o remittance_n be_v from_o mesina_n to_o placentia_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o grain_n 118â…“_n make_v disburse_v in_o mesina_n carl._n 26_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o tarry_v 13_o how_o many_o will_v 132â…“_n grain_n disburse_v be_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o mark_n it_o will_v make_v carlins_n 29_o and_o â…”_n of_o a_o grain_n and_o so_o many_o carlin_n and_o then_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v pay_v at_o naples_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o mesina_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n of_o credit_n in_o placentia_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n to_o which_o the_o whole_a island_n of_o sicilia_n have_v reference_n chap._n ccccxxvi_n of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v in_o barselona_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v barselona_n exchange_n practise_v in_o barselona_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o barselona_n how_o many_o other_o place_n barselona_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v find_v to_o govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o subject_a to_o alter_v that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o howbeit_o the_o same_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o available_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v the_o account_n thereof_o at_o what_o rate_n soever_o the_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v either_o in_o remittance_n or_o draught_n the_o which_o only_o now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o town_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o barselona_n account_n keep_v in_o barselona_n it_o be_v then_o to_o be_v note_v that_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n here_o do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o lyre_n sold_n and_o denier_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n make_v a_o liver_n and_o 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a sell_v 24_o the_o crown_n be_v worth_a sell_v 22_o the_o rial_n be_v worth_a sell_v 02_o lisbon_n note_v concern_v the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o valentia_n and_o saragossa_n sevil_n and_o lisbon_n note_v also_o here_o that_o the_o same_o order_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v make_v in_o this_o city_n of_o barselona_n with_o the_o other_o place_n of_o spain_n shall_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v make_v in_o saragosa_n valentia_n sevil_n and_o lisbon_n see_v that_o when_o the_o say_v place_n of_o spain_n exchange_n the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o always_o that_o place_n which_o exchange_v give_v duc._n 100_o to_o have_v the_o more_o or_o the_o less_o and_o therefore_o the_o money_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v must_v first_o be_v reduce_v into_o ducat_n and_o multiply_v the_o ducat_n which_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v of_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o exchangâ—th_v by_o the_o price_n it_o be_v worth_a for_o to_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o the_o money_n wherein_o their_o account_n be_v there_o keep_v and_o this_o consider_v to_o abreviate_v my_o labour_n the_o rule_n be_v easy_a i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o trouble_v myself_o with_o any_o further_a particular_n concern_v the_o say_a place_n of_o valentia_n saragossa_n sevil_n and_o lisbon_n chap._n ccccxxvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o lion_n barselona_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 22._o 8_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o 3_o l._n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 8865._o 12._o 10_o how_o many_o crow_n be_o i_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o denier_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v of_o 12_o sol_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 10_o denier_n then_o reduce_v into_o denier_n the_o say_v sol._n 22._o 8._o d._n and_o they_o make_v 272_o for_o divisor_n against_o the_o sum_n of_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a liver_n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o divisor_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 7822._o 12._o 6_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v due_a to_o have_v in_o lion_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o lion_n do_v exchange_n for_o barselona_n chap._n ccccxxviii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o placentia_n placienta_n exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o placienta_n barselona_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 23_o 2_o 12_o to_o have_v there_o a_o croâ—…_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v for_o liver_n 1850._o 12._o 0._o how_o many_o crow_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sell_v and_o add_v the_o 12_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o denier_n and_o do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o sol_n 23_o â—_o 12_o multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v thereto_o 7_o denier_n the_o denier_n come_v thereof_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o divisor_n against_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a liver_n and_o by_o division_n they_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n of_o mark_n multiply_v the_o rest_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o they_o make_v crow_n 1569._o 8._o
3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o
here_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o value_n with_o our_o standard_n will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n coin_n merchant_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o foreign_a coin_n the_o discreet_a merchant_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o his_o trade_n and_o his_o exchange_n by_o bill_n to_o and_o from_o the_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o he_o be_v accustom_v to_o deal_v do_v careful_o learn_v the_o parity_n or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o weight_n and_o fineness_n compare_v with_o our_o standard_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o know_v perfect_o the_o just_a profit_n or_o loss_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o we_o trade_n to_o divers_a place_n where_o we_o vent_v off_o our_o native_a commodity_n yearly_a to_o a_o great_a value_n and_o yet_o find_v few_o or_o no_o ware_n there_o fit_v our_o use_n whereby_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v our_o return_n in_o ready_a money_n which_o by_o we_o be_v either_o carry_v into_o some_o other_o country_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o ware_n which_o we_o want_v or_o else_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o be_v tolerate_v to_o pass_v currant_n here_o in_o payment_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a to_o be_v coin_v into_o sterling_a money_n that_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o when_o all_o the_o circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v this_o course_n likewise_o will_v be_v find_v as_o weak_a as_o the_o rest_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n first_o the_o toleration_n itself_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o intercourse_n and_o will_v soon_o move_v other_o prince_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o act_n or_o worse_o against_o we_o and_o so_o frustrate_v our_o hope_n second_o if_o money_n be_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o other_o mean_n and_o foreign_a coin_n tolerate_v to_o pass_v current_n among_o we_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a be_v compare_v with_o our_o standard_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v not_o be_v just_o distribute_v when_o that_o pass_v by_o a_o false_a measure_n three_o if_o the_o advantage_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v but_o small_a that_o will_v bring_v in_o little_a or_o no_o treasure_n because_o the_o merchant_n will_v rather_o bring_v in_o ware_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v usual_o a_o competent_a gain_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o we_o permit_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o foreign_a coin_n than_o that_o gain_n will_v carry_v away_o all_o our_o sterling_a money_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v this_o business_n in_o a_o dilemma_n and_o fruitless_a as_o all_o other_o course_n will_v ever_o prove_v which_o seek_v for_o the_o gain_n or_o loss_n of_o our_o treasure_n out_o of_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o general_a foreign_a trade_n as_o i_o will_v endeavour_v yet_o further_o to_o demonstrate_v chap._n v._o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v by_o stranger_n can_v increase_v nor_o yet_o preserve_v our_o treasure_n to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o work_n of_o no_o less_o skill_n and_o difficulty_n than_o to_o augment_v our_o treasure_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o preservation_n and_o production_n be_v the_o same_o in_o nature_n the_o statute_n for_o employment_n of_o stranger_n be_v ware_n into_o our_o commodity_n seem_v at_o first_o to_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o lawful_a way_n lead_v to_o those_o end_n but_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o particular_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o can_v produce_v such_o good_a effect_n nation_n the_o use_n of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o to_o all_o nation_n for_o as_o the_o use_v of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o unto_o all_o nation_n so_o may_v we_o easy_o perceive_v what_o will_v be_v do_v therein_o by_o stranger_n when_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v our_o own_o proceed_n in_o this_o weighty_a business_n by_o which_o we_o do_v not_o only_o seek_v with_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n to_o supply_v our_o want_n of_o foreign_a ware_n but_o also_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o with_o treasure_n all_o which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o different_a manner_n of_o trading_n according_a to_o our_o own_o occasion_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n whereunto_o we_o do_v trade_n as_o namely_o in_o some_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n and_o bring_v away_o their_o ware_n or_o part_n in_o money_n in_o other_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o good_n and_o take_v their_o money_n because_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ware_n that_o fit_a our_o turn_n again_o in_o some_o place_n we_o have_v need_n of_o their_o commodity_n but_o they_o have_v little_a use_n of_o we_o so_o they_o take_v our_o money_n which_o we_o get_v in_o other_o country_n and_o thus_o by_o a_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o change_v according_a to_o the_o accurent_n of_o time_n the_o particular_a member_n do_v accommodate_v each_o other_o and_o all_o accomplish_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o trade_n destroy_v how_o foreign_a trade_n be_v destroy_v which_o will_v ever_o languish_v if_o the_o harmony_n of_o her_o health_n be_v distemper_v by_o the_o disease_n of_o excess_n at_o home_n violence_n abroad_o charge_n and_o restriction_n at_o home_n or_o abroad_o but_o in_o this_o place_n i_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v only_o of_o restriction_n which_o i_o will_v perform_v brief_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o a_o merchant_n make_v the_o return_n of_o his_o ware_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o money_n in_o commodity_n or_o by_o exchange_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v money_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o seem_a providence_n and_o justice_n but_o also_o the_o use_n of_o the_o exchange_n by_o bill_n which_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o commerce_n and_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n without_o example_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o we_o have_v trade_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o whatsoever_o in_o this_o kind_n we_o shall_v impose_v upon_o stranger_n here_o will_v present_o be_v make_v a_o law_n for_o we_o in_o their_o country_n especial_o where_o we_o have_v our_o great_a trade_n with_o our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n who_o omit_v no_o care_n nor_o occasion_n to_o support_v their_o traffic_n in_o equal_a privilege_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o that_o freedom_n and_o mean_n which_o now_o we_o have_v to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therewith_o likewise_o we_o shall_v lose_v the_o vent_n of_o much_o ware_n which_o we_o carry_v to_o divers_a place_n whereby_o our_o trade_n and_o our_o treasure_n will_v decay_v together_o second_o if_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n we_o thrust_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o ware_n more_o than_o ordinary_a upon_o the_o stranger_n we_o must_v then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o english_a which_o be_v injurious_a to_o our_o merchant_n mariner_n and_o ship_n beside_o the_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o vent_v the_o kingdom_n be_v stock_n to_o the_o stranger_n at_o far_o low_a rate_n here_o than_o we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o sell_v it_o to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o country_n as_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n three_o whereas_o we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v that_o if_o our_o commodity_n be_v overbalance_v in_o value_n by_o foreign_a ware_n our_o money_n must_v be_v carry_v out_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o prevent_v this_o by_o tie_v the_o stranger_n be_v hand_n and_o leave_v the_o english_a loose_a shall_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o advantage_n cause_n that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o now_o that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o other_o before_o or_o if_o we_o make_v a_o statute_n without_o example_n to_o prevent_v both_o alike_o shall_v we_o not_o then_o overthrow_v all_o at_o once_o the_o king_n in_o his_o cuostm_n and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o profit_n for_o such_o a_o restriction_n must_v of_o necessity_n destroy_v much_o trade_n because_o the_o diversity_n of_o occasion_n and_o place_n which_o make_v a_o ample_a trade_n require_v that_o some_o man_n shall_v both_o export_n and_o import_n ware_n some_o export_n only_o other_o import_n some_o deliver_v our_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n other_o take_v it_o up_o some_o carry_v out_o money_n other_o bring_v it_o in_o and_o this_o in_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n according_a to_o the_o good_a husbandry_n or_o excess_n in_o the_o kingdom_n over_o which_o only_a if_o we_o keep_v a_o strict_a law_n it_o will_v rule_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o without_o this_o all_o other_o statute_n be_v no_o rule_n either_o to_o keep_v or_o procure_v we_o treasure_n last_o to_o
say_a money_n which_o in_o this_o discourse_n upon_o all_o occasion_n i_o think_v i_o have_v repeat_v near_o as_o often_o as_o malines_n in_o his_o book_n do_v make_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v active_a predominant_a overrule_v the_o price_n of_o ware_n and_o monies_n life_n spirit_n and_o the_o worker_n of_o admirable_a feat_n all_o which_o we_o have_v now_o brief_o expound_v and_o let_v no_o man_n admire_v why_o he_o himself_o do_v not_o take_v this_o pain_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o have_v take_v away_o the_o great_a opinion_n which_o he_o labour_v to_o maintain_v of_o the_o exchange_n but_o also_o by_o a_o true_a discovery_n of_o the_o right_a operation_n thereof_o he_o shall_v utter_o have_v overthrow_v his_o par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la which_o project_n if_o it_o have_v prevail_v will_v have_v be_v a_o good_a business_n for_o the_o dutch_a and_o to_o the_o great_a hurt_a of_o this_o commonwealth_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o the_o 12_o chapter_n now_o therefore_o let_v the_o learned_a lawyer_n fall_v cheerful_o to_o his_o book_n again_o for_o the_o merchant_n can_v put_v he_o down_o if_o he_o have_v no_o more_o skill_n than_o admirable_a feat_n when_o they_o may_v be_v so_o easy_o know_v and_o do_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n well_o then_o if_o by_o this_o discovery_n we_o have_v ease_v the_o lawyer_n be_v mind_n and_o take_v off_o the_o edge_n of_o his_o admiration_n let_v he_o now_o play_v his_o part_n and_o take_v out_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n against_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la for_o this_o project_n have_v misinform_v many_o and_o put_v we_o to_o trouble_v to_o expound_v these_o riddle_n nay_o but_o stay_v a_o while_n can_v all_o this_o pass_n for_o currant_n to_o slight_v a_o business_n thus_o which_o the_o author_n say_v have_v be_v so_o serious_o observe_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n and_o those_o worthy_a merchant_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n and_o also_o condemn_v by_o those_o french_a king_n lewis_n ix_o philip_n the_o fair_a and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o confiscation_n of_o the_o banker_n good_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o all_o this_o require_v a_o answer_n which_o in_o part_n be_v already_o do_v by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o state_n find_v out_o the_o evil_a but_o they_o miss_v of_o the_o remedy_n and_o yet_o what_o remedy_n this_o shall_v be_v no_o man_n can_v tell_v for_o there_o be_v none_o apply_v but_o all_o practice_n and_o use_v in_o exchange_n stand_v still_o to_o this_o day_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o do_v at_o the_o time_n when_o these_o feat_n be_v discover_v for_o the_o state_n know_v well_o that_o there_o need_v no_o remedy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o disease_n well_o then_o how_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o do_v absolute_o condemn_v the_o banker_n and_o confiscate_v their_o good_n yes_o well_o enough_o for_o the_o banker_n may_v perhaps_o be_v condemn_v for_o something_o do_v in_o their_o exchange_n against_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o their_o profession_n may_v still_o be_v lawful_a as_o it_o be_v in_o italy_n and_o france_n itself_o to_o this_o day_n nay_o we_o will_v grant_v likewise_o that_o the_o bank_n be_v banish_v when_o the_o banker_n be_v punish_v yet_o all_o this_o prove_v nothing_o against_o exchanger_n for_o king_n and_o state_n enact_v many_o statute_n and_o sudden_o repeal_v they_o they_o do_v and_o undo_v prince_n may_v err_v or_o else_o malines_n be_v gross_o mistake_v 79._o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 76_o 77_o 78_o 79._o where_o he_o set_v down_o 35_o several_a statute_n and_o other_o ordinance_n enact_v by_o this_o state_n in_o 350_o year_n time_n to_o remedy_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o yet_o all_o be_v find_v defective_a only_o his_o reformation_n of_o the_o exchange_n or_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la be_v effectual_a if_o we_o will_v believe_v he_o but_o we_o know_v better_o and_o so_o we_o leave_v he_o i_o may_v here_o take_v occasion_n to_o say_v something_o against_o another_o project_n of_o the_o same_o brood_n that_o late_o attend_v upon_o the_o success_n of_o this_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v which_o be_v the_o change_a and_o rechange_v here_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o all_o the_o plate_n bullion_n and_o monies_n foreign_a or_o sterling_a to_o pass_v only_o by_o a_o office_n call_v the_o king_n be_v royal_a exchanger_n or_o his_o deputy_n pay_v they_o a_o penny_n upon_o the_o value_n of_o every_o noble_a which_o may_v raise_v much_o to_o their_o private_a good_a and_o destroy_v more_o to_o the_o public_a hurt_n for_o it_o will_v decay_v the_o king_n coinage_n deprive_v the_o kingdom_n of_o much_o treasure_n abridge_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o just_a liberty_n and_o utter_o overthrow_v the_o worthy_a trade_n of_o goldsmith_n all_o which_o be_v plain_a and_o easy_a to_o the_o weak_a understanding_n i_o will_v therefore_o omit_v to_o amplisie_n upon_o these_o particular_n chap._n xv._o of_o some_o excess_n and_o evil_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o notwithstanding_o decay_v not_o our_o trade_n nor_o treasure_n it_o be_v not_o my_o intent_n to_o excuse_v or_o extenuate_v any_o the_o least_o excess_n or_o evil_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o rather_o high_o to_o approve_v and_o commend_v that_o which_o by_o other_o have_v be_v speak_v and_o write_v against_o such_o abuse_n yet_o in_o this_o discourse_n of_o treasure_n as_o i_o have_v already_o set_v down_o affirmative_o which_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o may_v either_o augment_v or_o decrease_v the_o same_o so_o be_v it_o not_o impertinent_a to_o continue_v my_o negative_a declaration_n of_o those_o enormity_n and_o action_n which_o can_v work_v these_o effect_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v for_o in_o redress_n of_o this_o important_a business_n if_o we_o mistake_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o malady_n we_o shall_v ever_o apply_v such_o cure_n as_o will_v at_o least_o delay_n if_o not_o confound_v the_o remedy_n let_v we_o then_o begin_v with_o usury_n which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v turn_v into_o charity_n and_o that_o they_o who_o be_v rich_a will_v lend_v to_o the_o poor_a free_o it_o be_v a_o work_n please_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o take_v it_o in_o the_o degree_n it_o now_o stand_v how_o can_v we_o well_o say_v that_o as_o usury_n increase_v so_o trade_n decrease_v for_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o man_n give_v over_o trading_n and_o buy_v land_n or_o put_v out_o their_o money_n to_o use_v when_o they_o be_v grow_v rich_a or_o old_a or_o for_o some_o other_o the_o like_a occasion_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o trade_n must_v lessen_v for_o this_o course_n in_o the_o rich_a give_v opportunity_n present_o to_o the_o young_a and_o poor_a merchant_n to_o rise_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o enlarge_v their_o deal_n to_o the_o performance_n whereof_o if_o they_o want_v mean_n of_o their_o own_o they_o may_v and_o do_v take_v it_o up_o at_o interest_n so_o that_o our_o money_n lie_v not_o dead_a it_o be_v still_o trade_a how_o many_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n have_v begin_v with_o little_a or_o nothing_o of_o their_o own_o and_o yet_o be_v grow_v very_o rich_a by_o trade_n with_o other_o man_n money_n do_v we_o not_o know_v that_o when_o trading_n be_v quick_a and_o good_a many_o man_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o experience_n and_o have_v credit_n to_o take_v up_o money_n at_o interest_n do_v trade_n for_o much_o more_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a of_o their_o own_o stock_n by_o which_o diligence_n of_o the_o industrious_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v increase_v the_o money_n of_o widow_n orphan_n lawyer_n gentleman_n and_o other_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o course_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o themselves_o have_v no_o skill_n to_o perform_v we_o find_v at_o this_o present_a that_o notwithstanding_o the_o poverty_n we_o be_v fall_v into_o by_o the_o excess_n and_o loss_n of_o late_a time_n yet_o that_o many_o man_n have_v much_o money_n in_o their_o chest_n and_o know_v not_o how_o to_o dispose_v thereof_o because_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o take_v the_o same_o at_o interest_n although_o at_o low_a rate_n in_o regard_n there_o be_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n in_o spain_n and_o in_o france_n whereby_o he_o can_v employ_v his_o own_o mean_n much_o less_o other_o man_n money_n so_o that_o for_o these_o and_o some_o other_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v allege_v we_o may_v conclude_v contrary_a to_o those_o who_o affirm_v that_o trade_n decrease_v as_o usury_n increase_v for_o they_o rise_v
of_o venice_n with_o milan_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 148½_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n one_o crown_n of_o liver_n 5_o and_o 17_o sol_n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o duc._n 1486⅕_n of_o liv._o 6¼_n what_o credit_n in_o liver_n shall_v venice_n have_v in_o milan_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n by_o 124._o sol._n the_o value_n of_o the_o duc._n of_o li._n 6⅕_n and_o it_o will_v make_v sol._n 184295._o the_o which_o divide_v by_o sol_n 148½_n to_o see_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o milan_n be_v worth_a and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 1241_o and_o 10_o denier_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o li._n 5._o 17._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o make_v they_o liver_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o liver_n 5_o by_o the_o 10_o denier_n which_o be_v worth_a the_o crown_n and_o then_o with_o the_o sol_n if_o any_o be_v calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n 1_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n thereof_o will_v come_v li._n 7260._o 1._o 10._o and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v venice_n have_v in_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a ducat_n 1486¼_n of_o liver_n 6⅕_n of_o venice_n as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n chap._n ccclxxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n of_o liver_n 6⅕_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la gross_a 92½_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 3810¾_n how_o many_o liver_n gross_a shall_v venice_n have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n by_o the_o say_v gross_a 92½_n and_o it_o will_v make_v gross_a 352494_o out_o of_o which_o take_v 1_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n of_o gross_a and_o they_o will_v be_v sels_z 29374_o and_o gross_a 6_o the_o which_o must_v be_v reduce_v into_o liver_n by_o cut_v the_o last_o figure_n and_o by_o take_v the_o ½_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o be_v liver_n 1468_o and_o the_o ten_o that_o be_v remain_v be_v ten_o sol_n and_o add_v 4_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o shall_v be_v 14_o sol._n so_o in_o all_o 1468._o 14._o 6_o which_o antwerp_n will_v give_v as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o antwerp_n rechange_v this_o sum_n with_o venice_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o colonia_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o nethelands_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o with_o antwerp_n and_o the_o account_n be_v make_v up_o as_o the_o precedent_n whereto_o need_v no_o further_a example_n for_o illustration_n chap._n ccclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o london_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o london_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n of_o liv._o 6⅕_n to_o have_v there_o posite_fw-la 56¼_n penny_n sterling_a i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 740_o how_o many_o liver_n of_o sterling_n shall_v venice_n have_v credit_n in_o london_n this_o must_v be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n be_v show_v of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pound_n 173._o s._n 8._o and_o penny_n 9_o which_o venice_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o london_n as_o by_o the_o example_n more_o at_o large_a appear_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v manifest_v when_o london_n do_v rechange_v this_o sum_n of_o 173._o 8._o 9_o d._n for_o venice_n and_o here_o note_v that_o usance_n from_o venice_n to_o london_n be_v 3_o month_n or_o 90_o day_n and_o double_a usance_n the_o say_a time_n double_v and_o the_o like_v account_v back_o from_o london_n to_o venice_n chap._n ccclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o genoa_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o genoa_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 146½_n to_o have_v in_o genoa_n one_o crown_n of_o 4_o liver_n money_n of_o genoa_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 2463½_n of_o liver_n 6⅕_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o genoa_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n into_o sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 124_o the_o value_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o divide_v the_o sol_n that_o shall_v rest_v of_o the_o say_a multiplication_n by_o 146½_n to_o make_v they_o crow_n of_o 4_o liver_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v crow_n 2085._o 2._o 11_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 4_o per_fw-la crown_n begin_v the_o multiplication_n by_o denier_n and_o then_o by_o sols_n calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n 1_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v liver_n 8340._o 11._o 8_o current_a money_n and_o so_o much_o will_v the_o credit_n be_v in_o genoa_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o genoa_n do_v rechange_v this_o parcel_n for_o venice_n chap._n ccclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o norimberg_n norimberg_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o norimberg_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o norimberg_n and_o give_v duc._n 100_o of_o lib._n 6⅕_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la florin_n 130¼_n of_o 60_o quarent_n per_fw-la florin_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 2645_o 5_o 14_o what_o credit_n in_o florin_n must_v i_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n by_o florin_n 130¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o break_a number_n of_o the_o multiplication_n divide_v by_o 20_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o sol_n and_o of_o the_o remainder_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o denier_n and_o in_o do_v thus_o there_o will_v be_v find_v florin_n 3210._o 18._o 8._o which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o norimberg_n for_o the_o say_v duc._n in_o venice_n remit_v as_o by_o this_o example_n follow_v appear_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v manifest_a when_o norimberg_n shall_v exchange_v this_o sum_n back_o with_o venice_n and_o note_v that_o for_o augusta_n and_o francfort_n the_o exchange_n from_o venice_n be_v make_v as_o with_o norimberg_n whereto_o needs_o no_o other_o example_n chap._n ccclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o bergamo_n bergamo_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o bergamo_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o bergamo_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o 7_o lib_n to_o have_v in_o bergamo_n sols_n 145½_n posito_fw-la i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 4220⅔_n how_o many_o liver_n will_v it_o amount_v unto_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n by_o 6_o l._n ⅕_n and_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o lib._n 26168._o 2._o 8_o of_o which_o take_v the_o 1_o 7_o to_o make_v they_o crown_n and_o the_o remainder_n divide_v by_o 20_o and_o 12_o and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 3738._o 6._o 1._o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o lib._n 7._o 5._o 6._o which_o be_v the_o say_v lib._n 145½_n sols_n and_o of_o the_o multiplication_n will_v come_v lib._n 27196._o 3._o 2._o which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o bergamo_n as_o by_o this_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v discern_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v remit_v back_o from_o bergan_n to_o venice_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n a_o word_n of_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n here_o practise_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n chap._n ccclxxxi_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o venice_n venice_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o venice_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o add_v a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n order_v by_o commission_n in_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n posito_fw-la example_n 1._o example_n into_o venice_n come_v order_n from_o francfort_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v thither_o at_o florin_n 130_o and_o remit_v thence_o to_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n not_o of_o charge_n or_o provision_n the_o partido_n be_v for_o ducat_n 3500_o now_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o london_n at_o 57