cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o and_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o the_o realm_n a_o conclusion_n most_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o embase_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n proceed_v by_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o gold_n the_o word_n embase_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o valuation_n which_o be_v observe_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n but_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o embase_v by_o allay_n or_o copper_n in_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o substance_n remain_v unalter_a and_o become_v only_o abate_v in_o price_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o gold_n now_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v not_o show_v before_o that_o malestroit_n have_v mistake_v himself_o in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o money_n in_o price_n and_o the_o 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go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o as_o for_o example_n a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v divide_v heretofore_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 20_o piece_n and_o so_o value_v 20_o penny_n every_o penny_n in_o value_n weigh_v a_o penny_n weight_n this_o ounce_n in_o process_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o be_v divide_v afterward_o into_o 30_o piece_n than_o 40_o piece_n 45_o piece_n and_o now_o 60_o piece_n so_o that_o a_o penny_n weight_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v now_o three_o penny_n and_o the_o piece_n be_v only_o alter_v in_o name_n for_o a_o three_o penny_n piece_n waigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n so_o that_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v alter_v only_o in_o denomination_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n must_v 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crown_n land_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o her_o predecessor_n do_v in_o time_n past_a and_o nobleman_n and_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n for_o their_o land_n and_o officer_n for_o their_o fee_n be_v after_o the_o old_a rent_n and_o custom_n but_o this_o reduction_n will_v prove_v very_o prejudicial_a consider_v that_o other_o prince_n have_v enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o money_n which_o do_v carry_v a_o show_n of_o gain_n in_o the_o eye_n or_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n which_o be_v thereupon_o incline_v to_o carry_v money_n unto_o they_o albeit_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o prince_n dominion_n do_v not_o only_o countervail_v that_o suppose_a gain_n in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o traffic_n but_o also_o far_o surmount_v the_o same_o but_o the_o money_n with_o we_o not_o be_v alter_v in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n within_o these_o fifty_o year_n in_o which_o time_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o alter_v how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n take_v any_o place_n and_o if_o his_o second_o paradox_n have_v be_v of_o a_o true_a ground_n what_o reason_n have_v any_o man_n to_o measure_v thing_n present_a with_o the_o thing_n of_o former_a age_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o money_n almost_o within_o the_o age_n of_o any_o man_n for_o if_o above_o fifty_o year_n pass_v i_o have_v receive_v a_o angel_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o angel_n now_o adays_o for_o ten_o shilling_n and_o do_v pay_v out_o the_o same_o again_o for_o ten_o shilling_n there_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n although_o i_o shall_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o do_v i_o can_v attribute_v the_o loss_n thereof_o upon_o my_o angel_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o dearth_n of_o commodity_n the_o money_n not_o have_v be_v alter_v within_o my_o time_n king_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v find_v the_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n to_o be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n &_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n according_o the_o money_z be_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o england_n at_o which_o time_n the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n adjacent_a be_v not_o so_o much_o advance_v in_o price_n for_o a_o angel_n be_v in_o his_o time_n value_v at_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n be_v then_o worth_a beyond_o the_o sea_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n and_o the_o silver_n money_fw-mi according_o afterward_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n he_o cause_v all_o his_o money_n to_o be_v embase_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o make_v very_o base_a money_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v advance_v so_o that_o the_o money_n be_v alter_v in_o substance_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o that_o afterwards_o when_o to_o her_o majesty_n great_a honour_n the_o 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do_v send_v unto_o the_o duchess_n while_o her_o husband_n be_v in_o germany_n desire_v she_o to_o value_v the_o angel_n at_o 10_o shilling_n flemish_n but_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o same_o which_o seem_v very_o strange_a consider_v that_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n do_v cause_n the_o money_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v advance_v whereby_o all_o the_o angel_n may_v have_v be_v carry_v into_o her_o dominion_n but_o she_o like_o a_o wise_a and_o politic_a duchess_n cause_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o consider_v of_o send_v man_n skilful_a in_o mint_n cause_n into_o england_n and_o find_v that_o the_o golden_a fleece_n aliâs_fw-la toison_n d'or_fw-la be_v the_o money_n than_o most_o currant_n with_o she_o and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o weight_n &_o fineness_n asmuch_o as_o the_o angel_n &_o be_v also_o value_v at_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n she_o can_v not_o grant_v the_o king_n request_n without_o alter_v also_o her_o money_n unless_o she_o will_v have_v suffer_v the_o english_a merchant_n to_o bring_v angel_n unto_o she_o for_o 10_o shilling_n and_o to_o carry_v away_o the_o golden_a fleece_n for_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o angel_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o her_o dominion_n both_o in_o the_o money_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o commodity_n of_o her_o country_n unuent_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n upon_o the_o money_n which_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n these_o two_o paradox_n be_v thus_o unmask_v be_v easy_o conceive_v of_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n to_o be_v far_o from_o the_o truth_n and_o therefore_o will_v the_o understanding_n thereof_o be_v account_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n as_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v when_o they_o be_v know_v like_v unto_o the_o egg_n of_o columbus_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o west_n indies_n and_o hear_v some_o say_v at_o a_o dinner_n that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o another_o might_n and_o will_v call_v for_o a_o egg_n and_o will_v all_o the_o guest_n one_o after_o another_o to_o set_v it_o up_o on_o end_n which_o when_o they_o can_v not_o do_v he_o gentle_o bruise_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o do_v make_v it_o flat_a or_o rather_o by_o swing_v do_v break_v the_o yolk_n within_o and_o so_o set_v it_o up_o show_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v to_o do_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v see_v do_v before_o he_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n master_n malestroit_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n as_o be_v before_o show_v but_o master_n bodine_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o show_v five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v also_o declare_v whereunto_o for_o a_o general_a and_o direct_a answer_n by_o way_n of_o replication_n we_o say_v that_o to_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o he_o mistake_v which_o true_a ground_n must_v be_v by_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o to_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o in_o effect_n and_o whether_o we_o pay_v more_o proportionable_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n than_o we_o do_v receive_v for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n for_o if_o we_o do_v now_o pay_v more_o for_o corn_n wine_n and_o all_o other_o victual_n and_o sell_v our_o commodity_n for_o more_o than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v proportionable_o here_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o effect_n but_o in_o name_n only_o so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o money_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o property_n but_o if_o we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a and_o buy_v our_o victual_n dear_a than_o heretofore_o and_o that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o price_n thereof_o we_o must_v pay_v far_o dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n then_o proportionable_o the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v rise_v this_o cause_v we_o to_o be_v alose_o in_o particular_a and_o bring_v by_o a_o overbalancing_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n a_o general_a loss_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o to_o supply_v cause_v we_o to_o make_v up_o the_o inequality_n with_o money_n which_o be_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o consideration_n than_o must_v be_v not_o to_o compare_v thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v but_o between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o we_o must_v examine_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o simple_n under_o the_o which_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v perform_v whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v when_o we_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o he_o allege_v in_o particular_a the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o he_o allege_v be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o our_o form_n observation_n for_o the_o first_o &_o last_o cause_n concern_v plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n may_v be_v cause_n that_o general_o thing_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o other_o three_o touch_v monopoly_n the_o want_n and_o waste_v of_o thing_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n can_v but_o make_v thing_n particular_o dear_a according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o wherein_o the_o time_n make_v also_o now_o and_o then_o a_o alteration_n upon_o occasion_n as_o when_o arm_n be_v dear_a in_o time_n of_o war_n then_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n victual_n in_o time_n of_o famine_n wood_n in_o winter_n and_o water_n in_o desert_n place_n and_o such_o like_a see_v then_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v not_o only_o the_o commodity_n of_o a_o country_n dear_a but_o that_o they_o be_v also_o nerui_fw-la bellorum_fw-la the_o sinew_n of_o war_n every_o prince_n be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n thereof_o especial_o those_o prince_n that_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n within_o their_o dominion_n or_o such_o as_o have_v have_v they_o and_o be_v now_o without_o they_o the_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v much_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o boheme_n and_o river_n of_o pannonia_n and_o swaden_n out_o of_o spain_n there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v both_o out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o monntaine_n above_o 20_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a which_o be_v all_o exhaust_v than_o it_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n first_o from_o santo_n domingo_n and_o other_o place_n where_o it_o do_v also_o cease_v now_o it_o come_v from_o peru_n by_o certain_a million_o which_o will_v also_o take_v a_o end_n the_o silver_n be_v bring_v also_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o be_v much_o find_v in_o germany_n but_o be_v now_o in_o many_o place_n draw_v out_o the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o accumulate_v treasure_n deem_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o expedient_a nor_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o suffer_v the_o transportation_n of_o their_o money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o as_o by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v see_v whereby_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n for_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n continue_v william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a for_o the_o 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that_o it_o will_v make_v now_o with_o we_o 27_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v esteem_v at_o five_o shilling_n which_o then_o be_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n edward_n the_o three_o make_v many_o good_a law_n to_o keep_v the_o treasure_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o home_n commodity_n and_o have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n shall_v not_o over-ballaunce_a his_o home_n commodity_n know_v that_o if_o he_o pay_v more_o for_o they_o than_o he_o make_v of_o his_o commodity_n the_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v up_o and_o balance_v with_o the_o treasure_n or_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o have_v bring_v the_o work_n and_o make_v of_o cloth_n into_o the_o realm_n he_o do_v devise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o find_v vent_n for_o the_o same_o observe_v a_o due_a course_n for_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o his_o money_n and_o that_o the_o true_a value_n of_o his_o money_n may_v be_v 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he_o do_v also_o amplify_v with_o other_o example_n add_v thereunto_o further_o that_o if_o any_o man_n will_v object_v &_o say_v i_o care_v not_o what_o the_o crown_n liver_n or_o sol_n be_v worth_a so_o as_o i_o have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n of_o rent_n i_o may_v have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n pay_v i_o and_o that_o i_o can_v pay_v out_o again_o the_o say_v hundred_o liver_n this_o man_n say_v he_o must_v then_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o can_v now_o have_v as_o much_o ware_n for_o two_o sol_n which_o be_v now_o almost_o all_o of_o copper_n as_o he_o can_v have_v have_v in_o time_n pass_v for_o two_o sol_n which_o be_v of_o fine_a silver_n and_o in_o do_v so_o he_o shall_v make_v a_o three_o paradox_n more_o strange_a than_o the_o former_a for_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v become_v better_a cheap_a which_o can_v be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v still_o with_o the_o former_a first_o paradox_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a the_o 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much_o ware_n as_o they_o may_v have_v for_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n so_o that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o think_v to_o have_v by_o the_o grow_a dear_a of_o all_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v whereby_o we_o see_v manifest_o that_o the_o more_o we_o do_v enhance_v the_o price_n of_o money_n the_o more_o we_o lose_v for_o thereby_o come_v the_o great_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o which_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o this_o realm_n the_o
treasury_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v give_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o paul_n consul_n 900_o thousand_o crown_n for_o to_o hold_v silence_n and_o unto_o curion_n tribune_n 1500_o thousand_o crown_n to_o take_v his_o part_n mark_v antony_n go_v further_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o which_o plutarch_n and_o appian_n have_v write_v for_o he_o give_v unto_o his_o army_n for_o their_o service_n do_v 200_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 120_o million_o of_o crown_n which_o be_v to_o be_v credit_v see_v that_o the_o emperor_n adrian_n for_o to_o have_v the_o goodwill_n of_o 40_o legion_n give_v ten_o million_o of_o crown_n so_o that_o we_o may_v here_o see_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n at_o rome_n but_o it_o do_v not_o last_v ever_o for_o in_o less_o than_o 300_o year_n the_o parth_n goth_n hercules_n honger_n and_o other_o cruel_a nation_n do_v overcome_v the_o empire_n &_o all_o italy_n and_o overcome_v the_o roman_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v unto_o all_o commonweal_n to_o wax_v and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o flourish_v for_o a_o time_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v old_a and_o decline_v until_o they_o be_v utter_o ruinate_v and_o destroy_v come_v to_o the_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n he_o show_v how_o master_n malestroit_n have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o money_n themselves_o make_v within_o 300_o year_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o s._n lewis_n cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_n twelve_o denier_n whereof_o 64_o piece_n go_v to_o the_o mark_n and_o that_o in_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o time_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n without_o number_n &_o as_o good_a as_o the_o crown_n now_o be_v value_v but_o 20_o sol_n and_o that_o afterward_o king_n john_n cause_v the_o frank_v to_o be_v make_v of_o fine_a gold_n which_o be_v but_o value_v 20_o sol_n and_o that_o the_o sol_n of_o silver_n of_o that_o time_n be_v worth_a five_o of_o our_o sol_n he_o do_v not_o say_v of_o what_o weight_n or_o fineness_n the_o money_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o touch_v the_o last_o point_n he_o do_v contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o old_a crown_n weigh_v three_o penny_n weight_n be_v no_o more_o worth_a than_o 60_o of_o our_o sol_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_a sol_n of_o fine_a silver_n can_v be_v worth_a but_o three_o of_o they_o and_o yet_o the_o frank_n of_o gold_n do_v weigh_v less_o by_o four_o grain_n then_o the_o old_a crown_n and_o be_v no_o better_o in_o fineness_n then_o the_o other_o and_o by_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o year_n 1561_o the_o old_a crown_n be_v value_v at_o 60_o sol_n and_o the_o frank_a at_o 50_o sol_n which_o if_o his_o proposition_n be_v true_a and_o that_o it_o be_v five_o sol_n for_o one_o then_o will_v the_o old_a crown_n be_v by_o this_o proportion_n value_v at_o 100_o sol_n and_o the_o frank_a at_o 90_o sol_n and_o if_o master_n malestroit_n say_v he_o do_v take_v his_o comparison_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n at_o some_o one_o time_n in_o any_o such_o year_n when_o money_n have_v be_v embase_v that_o be_v no_o consequence_n at_o all_o for_o within_o the_o abovesaid_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o money_n be_v once_o so_o base_a in_o allay_n that_o one_o of_o our_o sol_n be_v worth_a 5_o of_o those_o which_o be_v then_o and_o then_o he_o show_v how_o all_o thing_n be_v rate_v for_o their_o custom_n and_o how_o use_v within_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o year_n conclude_v that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n notwithstanding_o his_o former_a allegation_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n but_o well_o that_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a contrary_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o point_n which_o he_o be_v to_o prove_v &_o the_o second_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n as_o we_o have_v brief_o rehearse_v but_o forasmuch_o say_v he_o as_o some_o great_a personage_n do_v labour_n by_o word_n and_o write_n that_o the_o trade_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o no_o commodity_n shall_v be_v transport_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n make_v account_n that_o we_o can_v live_v peaceable_o within_o ourselves_o and_o very_o good_a cheap_a without_o give_v or_o receive_v any_o thing_n of_o other_o nation_n he_o do_v reprehend_v they_o and_o show_v that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o the_o stranger_n and_o most_o especial_o of_o the_o traffic_n with_o they_o insomuch_o that_o although_o they_o can_v live_v without_o they_o in_o regard_n of_o commodity_n yet_o charity_n and_o humanity_n will_v we_o to_o maintain_v friendship_n with_o our_o neighbour_n and_o rather_o to_o give_v they_o part_v of_o our_o blessing_n than_o not_o to_o deal_v or_o to_o communicate_v with_o they_o wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v much_o to_o blame_v who_o have_v extend_v their_o power_n from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n do_v refuse_v to_o take_v under_o their_o government_n some_o nation_n because_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v have_v of_o they_o whereas_o the_o great_a gift_n of_o honour_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n be_v to_o give_v he_o the_o majesty_n to_o command_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n especial_o to_o the_o poor_a not_o be_v instruct_v but_o if_o this_o lesson_n do_v not_o please_v man_n of_o this_o humour_n god_n have_v so_o bestow_v and_o divide_v his_o grace_n and_o blessing_n that_o there_o be_v no_o country_n in_o all_o the_o world_n so_o fruitful_a but_o have_v need_n of_o diverse_a thing_n whereby_o he_o hold_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o commonwealth_n in_o friendship_n or_o at_o the_o least_o do_v hinder_v they_o to_o make_v long_a war_n one_o with_o another_o and_o so_o he_o proceed_v to_o show_v some_o remedy_n to_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o adays_o more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a must_v partly_o excuse_v the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n say_v he_o add_v further_o touch_v monopoly_n and_o the_o waist_n of_o thing_n that_o in_o vain_a be_v good_a law_n make_v if_o they_o be_v not_o execute_v especial_o if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o cause_v the_o courtier_n to_o observe_v they_o who_o the_o common_a people_n do_v imitate_v whereby_o also_o many_o superfluous_a thing_n may_v be_v avoid_v and_o not_o bring_v into_o the_o realm_n as_o be_v do_v by_o italian_n with_o perfume_n counterfeit_a stone_n and_o such_o trifle_n concern_v the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o some_o commodity_n he_o declare_v that_o as_o the_o thing_n transport_v cause_v the_o like_a to_o grow_v dear_a by_o the_o exportation_n so_o the_o thing_n import_v become_v the_o better_a cheap_a whereof_o he_o except_v the_o trade_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v more_o wise_o for_o they_o have_v have_v intolerable_a famine_n for_o want_n of_o such_o a_o due_a care_n as_o joseph_n have_v in_o egypt_n the_o mean_a to_o prevent_v the_o same_o be_v to_o have_v many_o public_a storehouse_n in_o several_a place_n make_v provision_n of_o corn_n yearly_a by_o sell_v the_o old_a and_o provide_v new_a in_o place_n touch_v the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o will_v have_v the_o vine_n take_v up_o and_o corn_n sow_v in_o the_o place_n or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o command_v that_o no_o vine_n shall_v be_v plant_v hereafter_o the_o husbandman_n do_v with_o reason_n laugh_v they_o to_o scorn_v for_o god_n himself_o do_v so_o direct_a and_o dispose_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o all_o shall_v not_o be_v for_o corn_n or_o all_o wine_n see_v the_o one_o have_v need_n of_o a_o fat_a and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o stony_a ground_n and_o if_o the_o vine_n be_v pull_v up_o we_o shall_v say_v he_o deprive_v france_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n but_o there_o be_v a_o mean_v propound_v by_o those_o that_o have_v understanding_n in_o matter_n of_o impost_n which_o will_v very_o much_o enrich_v the_o realm_n and_o relieve_v the_o common-people_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v part_n of_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n upon_o corn_n wine_n salt_n wood_n linen_n cloth_n and_o draperie_n and_o most_o especial_o upon_o wine_n salt_n and_o corn_n which_o be_v three_o element_n whereupon_o next_o under_o god_n the_o life_n of_o the_o stranger_n depend_v and_o which_o can_v never_o fail_v the_o mine_n of_o the_o north_n and_o of_o the_o indies_n be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o the_o metal_n can_v grow_v again_o but_o our_o spring_n of_o corn_n salt_n &_o wine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o and_o howsoever_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v hinder_v they_o to_o
wherein_o the_o example_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v predominant_a but_o leave_v the_o matter_n of_o commodity_n let_v we_o come_v to_o entreat_v of_o money_n money_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o every_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v must_v therefore_o have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o a_o matter_n annex_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n for_o they_o be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o their_o subject_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o measure_n of_o thing_n namely_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v falsify_v by_o make_v the_o same_o general_o more_o or_o less_o whereby_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v become_v incertain_a if_o private_a man_n be_v suffer_v to_o have_v the_o handle_n thereof_o therefore_o be_v prince_n so_o careful_a to_o observe_v a_o certainty_n and_o equality_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n howbeit_o that_o the_o due_a regard_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v between_o their_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v by_o some_o less_o regard_v than_o the_o course_n thereof_o within_o their_o own_o dominion_n be_v of_o less_o importance_n have_v some_o base_a money_n currant_n with_o the_o good_a the_o price_n of_o money_n become_v incertain_a in_o particular_a when_o private_a man_n will_v give_v or_o receive_v any_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la above_o the_o price_n of_o their_o valuation_n impose_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n whereby_o every_o man_n undertake_v to_o advance_v still_o the_o price_n according_a as_o he_o see_v occasion_n to_o advance_v his_o gain_n by_o the_o necessity_n or_o use_n of_o another_o man_n that_o have_v cause_n to_o employ_v the_o money_n the_o use_n hereof_o be_v in_o many_o country_n severe_o prohibit_v and_o yet_o another_o way_n in_o a_o manner_n suffer_v for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o commonweal_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o mint_n matter_n do_v very_o well_o know_v the_o price_n of_o money_n in_o general_n become_v incertain_a when_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v whereby_o one_o hundred_o pound_n be_v esteem_v and_o value_v in_o regard_n of_o time_n to_o be_v worth_a one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n and_o in_o some_o other_o country_n more_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commodity_n be_v sell_v according_o when_o day_n be_v first_o give_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o every_o man_n suppose_v that_o he_o can_v make_v so_o much_o of_o his_o money_n which_o do_v proceed_v of_o his_o commodity_n this_o course_n be_v tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n make_v we_o to_o forbear_v to_o speak_v hereof_o spare_o because_o policy_n do_v think_v that_o thereby_o great_a evil_n be_v avoid_v which_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o operation_n and_o effect_n of_o usury_n write_v allegorical_o by_o i_o in_o another_o treatise_n may_v be_v balance_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a only_o to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o ignorance_n merchant_n and_o other_o may_v not_o fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n we_o have_v think_v good_a to_o give_v they_o this_o caveat_n and_o to_o make_v they_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o definition_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o toleration_n of_o that_o statute_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o some_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o charge_v the_o maker_n thereof_o with_o a_o great_a absurdity_n for_o say_v they_o the_o statute_n give_v ability_n for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v one_o way_n ten_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n or_o more_o for_o the_o use_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o two_o year_n and_o another_o way_n he_o can_v take_v ten_o pound_n five_o shilling_n and_o less_o for_o one_o year_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n that_o time_n be_v proper_o the_o judge_n hereof_o and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v the_o statute_n without_o the_o limitation_n of_o a_o time_n certain_a they_o will_v not_o find_v any_o absurdity_n therein_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v it_o otherwise_o more_o certain_a the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n none_o may_v have_v receive_v accept_v or_o take_v for_o the_o lend_n or_o forbear_v of_o his_o or_o their_o money_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n or_o for_o a_o long_o or_o a_o short_a time_n or_o for_o a_o more_o or_o less_o sum_n above_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pound_n pro_fw-la 100_o yearly_a 37._o h._n 8._o and_o this_o statute_n to_o be_v most_o strong_o &_o strict_o construe_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o all_o usury_n both_o direct_o and_o indirect_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o of_o her_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n to_o make_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o of_o necessity_n time_n be_v herein_o efficient_a and_o active_a and_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o positive_a and_o passive_a let_v we_o suppose_v that_o you_o do_v deliver_v at_o interest_n one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o you_o may_v lawful_o receive_v at_o the_o three_o month_n end_n two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n for_o your_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o hundred_o pound_n again_o for_o other_o three_o month_n by_o a_o new_a contract_n or_o agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v again_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n continue_v in_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n by_o four_o several_a agreement_n whereby_o you_o do_v receive_v three_o part_n of_o your_o interest_n at_o several_a time_n within_o the_o year_n which_o interest_n you_o may_v put_v out_o also_o to_o usury_n and_o so_o take_v above_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o without_o incur_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n because_o your_o agreement_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n which_o you_o do_v receive_v and_o that_o which_o before_o be_v another_o be_v thereby_o become_v you_o and_o thereof_o you_o may_v lawful_o dispose_v again_o but_o if_o you_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o pound_n from_o the_o begin_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n than_o you_o can_v have_v but_o 10_o pound_n interest_n for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o year_n end_v with_o your_o principal_n for_o the_o property_n of_o the_o 10_o pound_n be_v not_o till_o then_o alter_v by_o your_o agreement_n thus_o be_v it_o with_o money_n deliver_v for_o a_o short_a time_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v it_o for_o money_n deliver_v out_o for_o a_o long_a time_n as_o for_o example_n one_o deliver_v out_o a_o 100_o pound_n for_o four_o year_n for_o the_o which_o at_o the_o four_o year_n end_n he_o can_v receive_v but_o 140_o pound_n but_o if_o he_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n he_o may_v at_o the_o year_n end_v receive_v 10_o pound_n for_o interest_n 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remain_v whole_a and_o be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o time_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o 100_o pound_n be_v deliver_v out_o from_o the_o begin_n for_o four_o year_n to_o be_v repay_v by_o 25_o pound_n a_o year_n and_o the_o interest_n it_o follow_v proportionable_o that_o the_o first_o year_n he_o be_v to_o receive_v 27_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n the_o second_o year_n 30_o pound_n the_o three_o year_n 32_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n and_o the_o four_o year_n 35_o pound_n which_o make_v all_o but_o 125_o pound_n add_v unto_o this_o the_o interest_n of_o 25_o pound_n receive_v in_o deduction_n of_o his_o principal_a three_o year_n before_o the_o time_n which_o be_v 7_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n and_o of_o 25_o pound_n more_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o 2_o year_n which_o
use_n of_o melt_a or_o transportation_n and_o to_o pay_v out_o the_o light_a one_o especial_o in_o silver_n counterfeiter_n washer_n and_o falsifier_n of_o money_n will_v be_v soon_o detect_v and_o the_o false_a money_n know_v when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n and_o of_o one_o sound_n and_o fairness_n of_o stamp_n with_o their_o private_a mark_n for_o the_o time_n the_o thickness_n will_v be_v see_v the_o weight_n will_v be_v find_v and_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v hear_v by_o compare_v one_o piece_n to_o another_o especial_o when_o the_o redness_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o money_n do_v give_v suspicion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n of_o equal_a weight_n as_o we_o may_v partly_o perceive_v and_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o the_o last_o trial_n make_v thereof_o the_o mass_n or_o lump_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o lump_n of_o silver_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o as_o 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use_v in_o tavern_n and_o by_o such_o as_o sell_v small_a ware_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o will_v be_v very_o commodious_a in_o so_o populous_a a_o kingdom_n be_v make_v exact_o to_o prevent_v counterfeit_v which_o general_o we_o do_v hold_v so_o difficult_a to_o be_v do_v as_o be_v the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o excellent_a writer_n among_o the_o ordinary_a write_n of_o most_o man_n and_o the_o make_v thereof_o can_v breed_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n whereas_o some_o prince_n do_v use_v to_o coin_v some_o money_n for_o to_o remain_v within_o their_o dominion_n &_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n for_o to_o be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n reap_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o coinage_n thereof_o and_o omit_v to_o show_v the_o important_a cause_n and_o reason_n which_o prince_n have_v to_o maintain_v a_o stand_a treasure_n we_o do_v not_o hold_v it_o impertinent_a to_o reduce_v to_o memory_n that_o which_o be_v record_v of_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n in_o time_n past_a to_o awaken_v care_n in_o other_o the_o great_a mean_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o save_v their_o state_n when_o hannibal_n have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v be_v 450_o thousand_o crown_n that_o the_o treasure_n do_v amount_v unto_o which_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n and_o never_o touch_v until_o that_o time_n pope_n john_n the_o 22._o leave_v 23_o million_o of_o gold_n sardanapalus_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n cirus_n 50_o million_o the_o athenian_n 60_o million_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n 67_o million_o alexander_n the_o great_a find_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o darius_n occhus_n the_o persian_a king_n 80_o million_o but_o the_o great_a treasure_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o king_n david_n leave_v be_v 120_o million_o which_o do_v exceed_v far_o the_o treasure_n record_v of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o flourish_v most_o under_o trajan_n the_o emperor_n which_o be_v 74_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 44_o million_o 400_o thousand_o crown_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o silver_n and_o gold_n find_v upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o the_o ransom_n which_o be_v collect_v when_o atabalippa_n king_n of_o peru_n give_v only_o for_o his_o ransom_n ten_o million_o 326_o thousand_o ducat_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o great_a treasure_n prince_n may_v have_v now_o adays_o when_o money_n do_v abound_v whereas_o it_o be_v report_v that_o king_n henry_n the_o 7_o of_o england_n leave_v in_o bullion_n after_o his_o decease_n 53_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n in_o those_o day_n when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v but_o 40_o penny_n and_o so_o conclude_v for_o money_n let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o and_o last_o mean_v whereunder_o the_o trade_n be_v perform_v but_o because_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n do_v 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have_v ample_o declare_v and_o prove_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v fall_v or_o rise_v in_o price_n the_o same_o be_v either_o high_a or_o low_a it_o turn_v every_o way_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o realm_n both_o for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n cause_v a_o overbalancing_a in_o nature_n before_o allege_v which_o to_o supply_v draw_v or_o expel_v our_o treasure_n for_o we_o do_v in_o effect_n give_v the_o same_o to_o boot_n unto_o other_o nation_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v their_o commodity_n for_o it_o some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_z the_o 9_o and_o philip_z the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n unto_o their_o treasurer_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o 2_o million_o 400_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_o through_o envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n exchanger_n which_o