common_a money_n here_o current_a be_v call_v the_o pardaus_n xeraphin_n coin_v here_o and_o worth_a 300_o res_n of_o portugal_n and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o three_o teston_n which_o be_v english_a money_n about_o four_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a one_o pardon_n be_v five_o tanga_n which_o be_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o be_v in_o both_o sort_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o use_n as_o account_v five_o tanga_n bad_a money_n be_v the_o same_o in_o worth_a as_o four_o tanga_n of_o good_a money_n one_o tanga_n be_v worth_a four_o good_a ventins_n and_o five_o bad_a ventins_n a_o coin_n also_o imaginary_a and_o not_o real_a and_o be_v worth_a seventy_o five_o basaruco_n a_o vintin_n be_v worth_a 15_o bad_a basaruco_n and_o 18_o good_a basaruco_n which_o be_v the_o low_a and_o small_a coin_n here_o in_o use_n tree_n basaruco_n be_v worth_a two_o res_fw-la of_o portugal_n money_n and_o by_o this_o account_n the_o pardu_fw-fr sheraphin_n be_v worth_a 375_o basaruco_n and_o these_o be_v 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and_o april_n and_o continue_v but_o 50_o day_n but_o yet_o they_o fish_v not_o always_o in_o one_o place_n every_o year_n but_o change_v their_o place_n by_o certain_a appoint_v and_o settle_a order_n among_o the_o principal_a that_o have_v the_o oversight_n thereof_o now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o this_o fish_n draw_v near_o than_o they_o send_v very_o good_a divers_a that_o go_v purposely_o to_o discover_v where_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o oyster_n be_v under_o water_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n opposite_a to_o that_o place_n there_o they_o set_v up_o and_o plant_v a_o village_n with_o house_n and_o a_o bazaro_n or_o marketplace_n of_o stone_n and_o other_o material_n which_o stand_v as_o long_o as_o the_o fish_n time_n last_v and_o be_v for_o that_o time_n furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a which_o now_o and_o then_o happen_v to_o be_v near_o unto_o place_n inhabit_v and_o now_o and_o then_o afar_o off_o according_a to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o year_n fish_v the_o fisherman_n themselves_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n christian_n native_n of_o that_o country_n neither_o be_v any_o other_o debar_v from_o this_o fish_n that_o will_v pay_v a_o certain_a tribute_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o to_o the_o jesuit_n who_o have_v sundry_a church_n upon_o that_o coast_n now_o during_o the_o say_a fish_v there_o be_v always_o maintain_v three_o or_o four_o fast_n or_o galliots_n arm_v to_o defend_v the_o fisher_n from_o injury_n and_o rover_n the_o order_n of_o which_o fish_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v common_o three_o or_o four_o bark_n and_o their_o company_n that_o make_v consortship_n together_o much_o resemble_v our_o english_a pilot-boat_n have_v eight_o or_o ten_o man_n in_o a_o boat_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o go_v out_o together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o anchor_n in_o 15_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o this_o whole_a coast_n and_o be_v thus_o 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themselves_o one_o distant_a from_o another_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a long_a row_n of_o mount_n or_o heap_n of_o oyster_n which_o remain_v untouched_a until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o fish_n be_v end_v and_o at_o the_o end_n whereof_o every_o company_n sit_v down_o about_o their_o mount_n or_o heap_n and_o fall_v to_o open_v of_o they_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o do_v because_o that_o then_o they_o be_v both_o dry_a dead_a and_o brittle_a and_o if_o every_o oyster_n shall_v prove_v to_o have_v pearl_n in_o they_o it_o will_v prove_v a_o very_a good_a purchase_n unto_o they_o but_o many_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o pearl_n at_o all_o in_o they_o therefore_o when_o their_o fish_n be_v do_v they_o then_o perceive_v whether_o their_o say_a fish_n and_o gather_v prove_v good_a or_o bad_a now_o there_o be_v certain_a man_n expert_a in_o the_o choice_n and_o distinction_n of_o pearl_n which_o here_o they_o call_v chittini_fw-la which_o set_v and_o make_v the_o price_n of_o pearl_n according_a to_o their_o carract_n each_o carack_n be_v four_o grain_n and_o these_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o copper_n have_v hole_n therein_o of_o several_a greatness_n serve_v to_o distinguish_v the_o sort_n to_o which_o also_o they_o consider_v their_o beauty_n and_o goodness_n and_o then_o thereof_o make_v four_o several_a sort_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o round_a pearl_n which_o they_o call_v aia_n or_o unia_fw-la of_o portugal_n because_o the_o portugal_n by_o they_o the_o second_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o round_o be_v call_v aia_n of_o bengala_n the_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o second_o they_o call_v aia_n of_o canora_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bisnagar_n the_o four_o and_o last_o and_o
land_n sometime_o win_v and_o sometime_o lose_v according_a to_o both_o their_o force_n and_o fortune_n in_o all_o their_o occasion_n add_v violence_n to_o trade_n trade_v peaceable_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o choose_v and_o rob_v and_o pilfer_v when_o and_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o make_v up_o their_o mouth_n to_o profit_n in_o which_o practice_n of_o trade_n and_o thievery_n or_o thievish_a trade_n i_o leave_v they_o and_o those_o island_n and_o come_v next_o to_o java_n chap._n civ_o of_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o this_o tract_n be_v find_v java_n major_a and_o java_n minor_a the_o great_a be_v in_o compass_n 3000_o and_o the_o lesser_a 2000_o mile_n the_o nearness_n of_o these_o two_o island_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v these_o country_n so_o wonderful_a fertile_a that_o they_o be_v term_v the_o epitome_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a city_n here_o be_v palauban_n mega_n pegar_o agaim_n and_o ballambua_n and_o in_o the_o lesser_a java_n bosnia_n samara_n limbri_n and_o other_o but_o their_o principal_a trade_n be_v drive_v at_o sunda_n calapa_n bantam_n jacatra_n now_o baptize_v by_o the_o dutch_a batavia_n and_o last_o japarra_n in_o which_o three_o last_n the_o english_a have_v residence_n and_o factory_n island_n commodity_n of_o java_n island_n the_o commodity_n of_o these_o island_n be_v rice_n in_o abundance_n ox_n kine_n hog_n sheep_n indian_a nut_n and_o all_o provision_n for_o food_n also_o all_o kind_n of_o spice_n as_o clove_n nutmeg_n and_o mace_n which_o the_o native_a merchant_n transport_v to_o malacca_n and_o other_o neighbour_a island_n in_o great_a measure_n also_o pepper_n in_o great_a quantity_n esteem_v far_o better_a than_o that_o of_o india_n or_o malabar_n principal_o grow_v about_o the_o strait_n of_o sunda_n of_o which_o there_o be_v yearly_o lade_v hence_o about_o ten_o thousand_o quintal_n english_a it_o have_v also_o much_o frankincense_n benjamin_n camphora_n also_o diamond_n and_o many_o other_o precious_a stone_n which_o be_v find_v therein_o javas_n commodity_n of_o india_n fit_a for_o javas_n the_o fit_a and_o most_o proper_a commodity_n for_o these_o island_n trade_n be_v divers_a and_o different_a sort_n and_o colour_n of_o cotton_n linen_n which_o be_v make_v at_o cambaia_n cormandel_n and_o bengala_n call_v serass_n sarampurus_n cassus_fw-la sateposas_fw-la black_a cannequin_n red_a turrias_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o sort_n find_v make_v in_o the_o place_n abovesaid_a jacatra_n batavia_n alias_o jacatra_n here_o the_o hollander_n be_v find_v to_o be_v master_n of_o jacatra_n of_o late_a year_n call_v by_o they_o batavia_n the_o best_a and_o great_a port_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o rendezvous_n in_o these_o part_n where_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o have_v so_o fortify_v themselves_o that_o they_o prescribe_v law_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o endeavour_v to_o debar_v both_o english_a and_o all_o other_o from_o enjoy_v any_o benefit_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o jacatra_n coin_n current_a in_o java_n sunda_fw-la bantam_n jacatra_n in_o sunda_fw-la which_o i_o account_v here_o as_o the_o principal_a mart_n town_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o great_a in_o java_n major_a they_o have_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n than_o certain_a copper_n piece_n mint_v which_o they_o call_v caixa_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v a_o hole_n to_o hang_v they_o on_o string_n for_o common_o they_o put_v 200_o or_o a_o 1000_o upon_o one_o string_n wherewith_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o by_o this_o follow_a account_n a_o satta_n be_v 200_o caixas_n five_o satta_n be_v 1000_o caixa_n which_o be_v a_o crusado_n portugal_n money_n or_o about_o 6_o shilling_n sterling_a jacatra_n account_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n the_o merchant_n of_o europe_n here_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o and_o penny_n account_v 60_o penny_n to_o the_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o spanish_a sunda_fw-la weight_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la the_o weight_n at_o bantam_n jacatra_n japarra_n and_o at_o sunda_fw-la be_v the_o picul_n the_o cattee_n and_o babar_n a_o cattee_n being_n less_o than_o the_o cattee_n of_o maccau_n contain_v but_o 20_o ounce_n english_a and_o the_o other_o 20_o ¾_n ounce_n a_o picul_n be_v 100_o cattee_n and_o consequent_o be_v 125_o l._n english_a a_o bahar_n be_v 330_o cattee_n of_o china_n of_o 20_o ounce_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o may_v make_v in_o england_n 412_o l._n sunda_fw-la measure_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la their_o measure_n for_o length_n be_v their_o dry_a measure_n for_o grain_n rice_n and_o pepper_n be_v a_o timbam_fw-la and_o contain_v ten_o sack_n principal_o use_v in_o pepper_n and_o rice_n consist_v of_o five_o picul_n so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n each_o sack_n shall_v contain_v in_o weight_n 62½_n l._n english_a two_o sack_n for_o a_o picul_n javas_n price_n of_o commodity_n in_o javas_n the_o common_a price_n of_o commodity_n as_o i_o find_v they_o here_o observe_v be_v pepper_n of_o sunda_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o sack_n weigh_v ½_n a_o picul_n or_o 45_o cattee_n of_o china_n each_o cattee_n be_v 20_o ounce_n at_o 5000_o caixa_n and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o high_a at_o 6_o or_o 7000_o caixa_n mace_n clove_n nutmeg_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n and_o camphora_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bahar_n good_a mace_n common_o sell_v for_o 120_o thousand_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n and_o good_a clove_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n but_o bad_a and_o foul_a clove_n be_v sell_v at_o 70_o or_o 80000_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n nutmeg_n common_o sell_v for_o 20_o or_o 25_o thousand_o caixa'_v the_o bahar_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n sell_v for_o 150_o or_o 180_o thousand_o caixa_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a good_a 200_o thousand_o the_o bahar_n but_o how_o far_o these_o agree_v with_o the_o now_o common_a current_a rate_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v chap._n cv_o of_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o summatra_n ancient_o traprobana_n and_o solomon_n suppose_v ophir_n be_v esteem_v the_o big_a island_n in_o the_o world_n but_o modern_a experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a be_v only_o 700_o mile_n long_o and_o 200_o mile_n broad_a summatra_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n summatra_n the_o aequator_fw-la cut_v through_o it_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n vicinity_n make_v it_o abound_v in_o several_a precious_a commodity_n for_o traffic_n as_o first_o it_o have_v pepper_n in_o abundance_n whereof_o above_o twenty_o ship_n of_o burden_n be_v hence_o yearly_o lade_v also_o ginger_n alces_fw-la cassia_n raw_a silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n brass_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o prince_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o king_n of_o pedor_n and_o achin_n it_o be_v here_o a_o custom_n that_o the_o native_n do_v eat_v their_o slay_a enemy_n and_o do_v erst_o account_v their_o skull_n for_o a_o great_a treasure_n which_o they_o exchange_v for_o other_o necessary_n he_o be_v account_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v most_o store_n of_o they_o in_o his_o house_n this_o custom_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v for_o the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n from_o other_o country_n thither_o of_o late_a year_n have_v bring_v silver_n and_o gold_n in_o request_n among_o they_o have_v make_v they_o since_o know_v better_o summatra_n rarity_n find_v in_o summatra_n in_o this_o island_n be_v find_v a_o hill_n of_o brimstone_n continual_o burn_v and_o two_o very_a strange_a and_o admirable_a fountain_n the_o one_o yield_v pure_a and_o excellent_a balsamum_n and_o the_o other_o most_o excellent_a oil_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o island_n be_v daren_n pasen_n and_o androgede_o the_o habitation_n of_o so_o many_o king_n java_n achin_n tico_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n english_a factory_n in_o java_n but_o the_o principal_a place_n and_o part_n for_o trade_n know_v to_o the_o european_n be_v dachem_n or_o achin_n ticko_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n all_o maritime_a and_o good_a harbour_n where_o the_o english_a be_v find_v to_o have_v residence_n and_o factory_n also_o pedir_n campar_n and_o manancabo_n to_o the_o which_o the_o portugal_n general_o do_v trade_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n transport_v the_o native_a commedity_n of_o this_o their_o island_n to_o malucca_n which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o twenty_o mile_n off_o be_v not_o much_o trouble_v with_o the_o portugal_n commerce_n though_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o the_o dutch_a have_v of_o late_o get_v footing_n and_o build_v fortress_n to_o their_o as_o great_a trouble_n vexation_n and_o slavery_n etc._n coin_n current_a in_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n etc._n etc._n within_o these_o few_o year_n these_o islander_n be_v not_o know_v to_o have_v any_o coin_n current_a in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n among_o they_o but_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n
linen_n be_v measure_v and_o be_v account_v 1¼_n yard_n english_a but_o those_o that_o have_v make_v trial_n thereof_o find_v it_o be_v be_v 46_o inch_n but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o the_o note_a that_o in_o buy_v of_o linen_n cloth_n of_o this_o country_n there_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o account_n of_o measure_n 24_o auln_n for_o 20_o and_o be_v call_v the_o merchant_n auln_v or_o measure_n and_o by_o the_o same_o be_v oftentimes_o here_o again_o sell_v in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o diep_n caen_n and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o normandy_n afford_v also_o this_o over-measure_n in_o the_o sale_n of_o normandy_n canvas_n here_o make_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v this_o place_n have_v a_o great_a and_o a_o small_a auln_v the_o one_o exceed_v the_o other_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o and_o the_o small_a agree_v with_o 〈◊〉_d english_a ells._n roven_n fair_n in_o roven_n roven_n be_v find_v to_o have_v 3_o fair_n in_o a_o year_n at_o two_o whereof_o there_o be_v liberty_n give_v for_o fifteen_o day_n to_o buy_v and_o transport_v any_o commodity_n in_o this_o city_n free_a of_o all_o custom_n and_o taâ—…_n provide_v the_o say_v good_n be_v lade_v and_o depart_v down_o the_o say_a river_n to_o a_o certain_a limit_a 〈◊〉_d stance_n below_o the_o city_n by_o fifteen_o day_n after_o otherwise_o to_o pay_v the_o custom_n as_o be_v accustom_v the_o fair_a begin_v the_o 3d_o of_o february_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o second_o begin_v the_o morrow_n after_o whitsunday_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o three_o be_v not_o account_v a_o free_a fair_a for_o custom_n as_o the_o former_a and_o begin_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o october_n and_o continue_v only_o eight_o day_n where_o note_n that_o these_o day_n be_v account_v so_o many_o work_a day_n sunday_n and_o holiday_n according_a to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n except_v cloth_n the_o english_a hall_n of_o roven_n for_o sale_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n here_o be_v in_o this_o city_n a_o public_a hall_n grant_v to_o the_o english_a for_o the_o sale_n of_o all_o english_a wool_n cloth_n whereto_o they_o be_v enjoin_v to_o carry_v the_o same_o and_o have_v certain_a set_a day_n to_o lay_v open_a and_o sell_v the_o same_o and_o for_o the_o hire_n and_o custody_n they_o pay_v a_o duty_n of_o halledge_n or_o warehousdoâ—_n they_o have_v have_v former_o here_o many_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v account_v as_o hâ—_n citizen_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n the_o insolency_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o great_a authority_n of_o their_o court_n of_o parliament_n daily_o give_v new_a fashion_n and_o new_a law_n to_o the_o english_a merchant_n here_o resident_a this_o city_n be_v the_o prime_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o part_n of_o france_n and_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a northern_a scale_n of_o traffic_n in_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o from_o hence_o be_v export_v great_a quantity_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o buckram_n canvas_n fine_a and_o course_n play_v card_n box_n combs_n paper_n threal_n teasles_a for_o clothworker_n and_o some_o plush_n and_o other_o stuff_v late_o here_o make_v and_o in_o fine_a all_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o normandy_n paris_n and_o those_o part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n sein_fw-fr roven_n exchange_n of_o roven_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o use_v see_v lion_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v which_o give_v rule_n thereto_o in_o chapter_n 277_o and_o chapter_n 302._o france_n the_o isle_n of_o france_n the_o next_o division_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o france_n which_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o friend_n dominion_n the_o principal_a city_n paris_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n here_o situate_v whâ—…_n though_o it_o consist_v not_o much_o in_o trade_n save_v what_o may_v serve_v happy_o to_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o court_n and_o inhabitant_n yet_o all_o the_o other_o city_n take_v hence_o the_o rule_n of_o government_n for_o traffic_n may_v challenge_v just_o a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n cxxvii_o of_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parish_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o france_n and_o the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v ten_o mile_n in_o compass_n through_o which_o the_o river_n of_o sein_fw-fr do_v gentle_o run_v and_o so_o to_o roven_n thence_o to_o the_o new-haven_n or_o haure_n de_fw-fr grace_n and_o thence_o to_o our_o british_a oceam_n it_o be_v not_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o neither_o afford_v commodity_n to_o be_v export_v nor_o yet_o vent_v store_n of_o commodity_n import_v though_o a_o ignorant_a frenchman_n which_o have_v not_o see_v further_o than_o this_o city_n call_v it_o the_o great_a in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o trade_n find_v therein_o and_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o merchant_n which_o i_o imagine_v he_o understand_v shopkeeper_n some_o cloth_n lend_v tin_n bays_n and_o stocking_n it_o vent_v from_o england_n satin_n and_o other_o silk_n and_o plush_n from_o italy_n some_o small_a ware_n from_o germany_n and_o that_o be_v all_o the_o most_o important_a it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o city_n in_o france_n where_o exchange_n have_v be_v place_v roven_n and_o lion_n be_v the_o other_o two_o and_o though_o i_o have_v divers_a time_n be_v here_o yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o remarkable_a observation_n in_o trade_n which_o inclee_v be_v no_o where_n in_o france_n much_o practise_v because_o of_o the_o base_a esteem_n the_o french_a nation_n do_v hold_v of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v every_o cobbler_n honour_v his_o old_a shoe_n with_o the_o title_n of_o sa_fw-fr merchandise_n with_o as_o great_a confidence_n as_o he_o that_o never_o handle_v any_o commodity_n but_o silk_n or_o jewel_n in_o which_o foolish_a humour_n i_o will_v leave_v they_o and_o come_v to_o my_o purpose_n paris_n give_v rule_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o coin_n to_o all_o other_o city_n of_o france_n i_o have_v purposely_o refer_v it_o here_o to_o avoid_v the_o reiteration_n in_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n france_n coin_n of_o france_n the_o least_o piece_n then_o of_o coin_n current_n in_o france_n be_v a_o denier_n two_o whereof_o make_v a_o double_a and_o twelve_o thereof_o be_v a_o soul_n and_o soul_n twenty_o make_v a_o liver_n which_o some_o call_v a_o frank_n and_o thus_o in_o liver_n soul_n and_o denier_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v france_n account_n in_o france_n their_o common_a coin_n be_v piece_n of_o 8_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o â…œ_n of_o a_o french_a crown_n in_o silver_n a_o piece_n of_o 16_o sold._n which_o be_v the_o quarter_n crown_n 4_o of_o which_o make_v 64_o sold._n account_v for_o a_o french_a crown_n and_o 4_o sold_n which_o be_v of_o 3_o liver_n turnois_n they_o have_v also_o piece_n of_o 21_o sold._n 4_o denier_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o say_a crown_n call_v by_o some_o teston_n and_o the_o ½_n and_o ¼_n thereof_o and_o as_o the_o quarter_n crown_n be_v at_o first_o raise_v from_o 15_o sold_n to_o 16_o sold_n and_o thereby_o the_o 60_o sold_n to_o 64_o sold_n so_o be_v the_o say_v teston_n also_o in_o proportion_n raise_v according_o the_o gold_n coin_n be_v only_o two_o which_o be_v the_o common_a crown_n of_o 3_o liver_n or_o 60_o sold._n and_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 3_o liver_n 16_o sold_n or_o 76_o sol._n all_o which_o coin_n in_o their_o first_o coinage_n bear_v this_o true_a worth_n and_o value_n and_o then_o be_v conceive_v to_o hold_v equality_n with_o england_n thus_o 10_o sold_n to_o make_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a 23_o sold_n to_o make_v 2_o shilling_n sterling_a which_o be_v their_o liver_n 60_o sold._n to_o make_v 6_o shilling_n or_o 72_o penny_n which_o be_v the_o french_a crown_n france_n note_v of_o money_n inhanse_v late_o in_o france_n but_o these_o inhanse_v to_o such_o rate_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o commerce_n enforce_v they_o find_v net_n now_o any_o settle_a rate_n but_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o receiver_n for_o he_o that_o sell_v his_o commodity_n in_o france_n now_o for_o ready_a money_n must_v contract_v it_o if_o he_o be_v wise_a at_o what_o rate_n he_o must_v have_v these_o coin_n in_o payment_n lest_o he_o imagine_v he_o sell_v to_o good_a profit_n and_o yet_o by_o experience_n find_v he_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o a_o great_a loss_n and_o disadvantage_n and_o note_v that_o since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a the_o piece_n of_o 16_o sol._n be_v raise_v to_o 20_o sol._n 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o whole_a which_o i_o place_v here_o as_o a_o caveat_n for_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o traffic_v in_o these_o kingdom_n that_o he_o
chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n â—0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o
or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101â…ž_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98â…”_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101â…”_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1â…”_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o aâ—…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3â…“_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v
may_v be_v some_o benefit_n to_o a_o merchant_n for_o by_o this_o rule_n the_o great_a loggerhead_n shall_v have_v consequent_o the_o large_a measure_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v a_o loop_n 23_o loop_n make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n in_o london_n chap._n ccxix_o of_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o moscovia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o tartary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o livonia_n lituania_n and_o part_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o turk_n and_o palus_n mâ—…otis_n moscovia_n commodity_n of_o moscovia_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n fur_n of_o many_o sort_n flax_n hemp_n whales-grease_n honey_n wax_n canvas_n rope_n cable_n caviar_n astrican_a hide_n tallow_n raw-hides_a and_o bulgars_a moscovia_n famous_a river_n of_o moscovia_n the_o many_o river_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o this_o country_n do_v much_o further_a trade_n in_o general_a fâ—st_n tanais_n which_o disburthen_v itself_o into_o palus_n moeotis_n second_o dunia_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o scythian_a sea_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n where_o our_o english_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northern_a passage_n use_v to_o land_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o all_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n three_o boristhenes_n that_o enter_v into_o pontus_n euxinus_n four_o onega_n which_o open_v itself_o into_o the_o balâ—…k_n sea_n and_o last_o volga_n which_o with_o no_o less_o than_o 70_o mouth_n disgorge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a this_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o nine_o principal_a province_n which_o together_o with_o the_o chief_a town_n thereof_o i_o shall_v only_o touch_v novograde_a novograde_a novogradia_n be_v first_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v novograde_a seat_v on_o the_o dunia_n and_o once_o one_o of_o the_o four_o ancient_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n now_o of_o late_a decay_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o new_a passage_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o st._n nicholas_n by_o the_o river_n obye._n plescovia_n plescovia_n plescovia_n be_v the_o second_o wherein_o be_v the_o city_n plescove_n the_o only_o wall_a city_n in_o moscovia_n and_o yet_o of_o no_o great_a eminence_n veladomira_n veladomira_n valadomira_n be_v the_o next_o have_v also_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n rhesen_n rhesen_n rhesen_fw-mi be_v the_o four_o wonderful_a plenty_n in_o corn_n that_o neither_o can_v bird_n fly_v nor_o horse_n run_v through_o it_o for_o thickness_n the_o chief_a town_n rhesen_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o moscovia_n abound_v in_o grain_n honey_n fish_n and_o fowl_n without_o number_n servia_n servia_n servia_n be_v the_o five_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v staradab_n and_o pativola_n permia_n permia_n permia_n be_v the_o six_o the_o chief_a city_n â—s_v sickwiardley_n abound_v in_o stag_n candora_n candora_n candora_n be_v the_o seven_o petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-mi be_v the_o eight_o in_o both_o these_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v live_v under_o ground_n and_o have_v for_o half_a the_o year_n together_o perpetual_a day_n and_o the_o other_o half_a perpetual_a night_n as_o situate_v beyond_o the_o arctic_a moscovia_n moscovia_n moscovia_n be_v the_o nine_o moscow_n moscow_n and_o so_o name_v of_o the_o principal_a city_n moscow_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n round_o have_v therein_o 16_o church_n of_o which_o the_o one_o half_a be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o dirt_n as_o most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o emperor_n palace_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o be_v fortify_v with_o 3_o bulwark_n and_o 17_o turret_n continual_o guard_v with_o 25000_o soldier_n this_o be_v the_o most_o populous_a province_n of_o all_o this_o great_a empire_n for_o it_o extend_v 2000_o mile_n in_o length_n smalensko_n smalensko_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o petty_a province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o smalensko_n than_o toropier_n next_o colopigrod_n landiskron_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n which_o i_o willing_o omit_v till_o my_o observation_n be_v better_a the_o trade_n of_o the_o english_a be_v begin_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n and_o basiliades_n king_n of_o this_o country_n about_o the_o year_n 1575._o and_o within_o 10_o year_n after_o it_o be_v perfect_o settle_v and_o because_o the_o trade_n of_o moscovia_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o small_a circuit_n in_o these_o vast_a dominion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a that_o i_o comprehend_v the_o same_o under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n moscow_n chap._n ccxx_o of_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mosco_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o this_o large_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n some_o year_n pass_v repair_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o government_n of_o so_o large_a a_o empire_n as_o account_v the_o midst_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n mosca_n run_v into_o tanais_n where_o it_o lose_v its_o name_n and_o pass_v assaw_n disgorge_v into_o the_o palus_n meotis_n and_o so_o into_o the_o euxinus_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_o it_o be_v esteem_v ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o its_o height_n of_o greatness_n then_o burn_v by_o the_o tartar_n wherein_o 80000_o person_n be_v consume_v and_o since_o reduce_v to_o five_o mile_n compass_n beautify_v with_o 16_o church_n some_o of_o stone_n some_o of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o with_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n situate_a in_o the_o very_a heart_n thereof_o enrich_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o two_o river_n for_o use_n and_o ornament_n which_o water_n two_o strong_a fort_n that_o defend_v the_o place_n nicholas_n st._n nicholas_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n the_o patron_n of_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o dunia_n or_o obby_n the_o english_a merchant_n use_v to_o land_n and_o thence_o disperse_v themselves_o to_o smalensko_n novograde_a hither_o and_o into_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n among_o who_o they_o find_v kind_a entertainment_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n have_v large_a immunity_n grant_v unto_o they_o than_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n their_o traffic_v attribute_v to_o the_o never_o die_a fame_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o who_o day_n the_o trade_n be_v here_o first_o settle_v and_o to_o the_o plausible_a behaviour_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o general_n moscovia_n account_n in_o moscovia_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o several_a manner_n some_o as_o the_o english_a by_o rubble_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n term_v they_o muskofkin_n 200_o whereof_o make_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v account_v two_o rix_n dollar_n some_o again_o as_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n by_o rubble_n grevens_n and_o muskofkin_n or_o penny_n account_v 20_o penny_n to_o a_o greven_n and_o 10_o greven_n to_o a_o rubble_n which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n here_o this_o rubble_n be_v find_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o not_o real_a moscovia_n coin_n current_a in_o moscovia_n the_o current_a money_n here_o be_v a_o capeck_n in_o value_n a_o stiver_n flemish_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o as_o english_a penny_n for_o 10_o capeck_n be_v a_o greven_n which_o the_o english_a call_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a because_o that_o 10_o grevens_n be_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v 10_o shilling_n sterling_a three_o capeck_n they_o call_v a_o altine_n by_o which_o name_n all_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o bargain_v and_o contract_n 33_o altius_fw-la and_o 1_o capeck_n make_v a_o rubble_n archangel_n exchange_n of_o archangel_n at_o archangel_n be_v sound_v practise_v among_o the_o merchant_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a as_o the_o russ_n money_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o the_o english_a sometime_o among_o themselves_o give_v 11_o shilling_n and_o 11_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n sterling_a in_o england_n for_o the_o rubble_n here_o and_o the_o money_n common_o take_v there_o in_o august_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n the_o last_o of_o december_n follow_v moscovia_n weight_n of_o moscovia_n the_o weight_n of_o moscovia_n common_a in_o use_n be_v the_o pood_n for_o fine_a good_n and_o the_o bercovet_n for_o gross_a good_n the_o one_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pood_n be_v weigh_v silk_n bever-wooll_n yeft_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v for_o 40_o l._n russ_n weight_n and_o 3_o pood_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v 112_o l._n english_a which_o by_o this_o computation_n shall_v make_v 37â…“_n l._n averdupois_n and_o all_o good_n there_o buy_v by_o the_o pood_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n in_o england_n by_o the_o bercovet_n be_v weigh_v
a_o desire_n to_o employ_v their_o talent_n in_o foreign_a country_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v to_o be_v perfect_v among_o they_o nature_n have_v to_o this_o end_n fit_v they_o with_o many_o goodly_a port_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o will_v in_o time_n i_o hope_v fit_v they_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o second_v by_o their_o endeavour_n what_o be_v so_o plentiful_o bestow_v by_o she_o upon_o they_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o conversation_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civiliz_n d_o english_a that_o daily_o be_v see_v to_o come_v and_o reside_v among_o they_o and_o thus_o leave_v ireland_n and_o my_o good_a wish_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o her_o traffic_n i_o hence_o pass_v over_o to_o scotland_n a_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o view_v the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclxu._n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o scotland_n be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o salway_n and_o the_o cheviot_n hill_n extend_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o vary_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n from_o england_n i_o have_v think_v good_a here_o to_o insert_v by_o itself_o scotland_n commodity_n of_o scotland_n the_o comedy_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v coarse_a clothes_n freeze_v fish_v salt_v hides_n tallow_n lead_v over_o some_o grain_n feather_n and_o other_o commodity_n as_o sea-coal_n allom_n iron_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o high-land_n and_o the_o low-land_n and_o the_o same_o into_o several_a sheriffdom_n or_o province_n in_o which_o be_v find_v these_o town_n of_o consequence_n chap._n cclxvi_o of_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o first_o edenburg_n wherein_o be_v seat_v the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n consist_v principal_o of_o one_o street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n whereto_o do_v lead_v many_o other_o petty_a lane_n make_v the_o whole_a near_o three_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o second_o town_n be_v glascow_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n the_o three_o be_v saint_n andrews_n in_o fife_n honour_v with_o many_o prerogative_n fourthly_a sterling_a then_o be_v perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n saint_n john_n town_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n scotland_n money_n of_o scotland_n their_o current_a money_n in_o merchandise_n be_v the_o proper_a coin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n both_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v usual_o find_v to_o be_v in_o gold_n in_o piece_n of_o 22_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 11_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 5._o 6_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 2._o 9_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 4._o 4⅜_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 1_o shill_n 1½_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o ½_n the_o ¾_n and_o ⅛_n thereof_o piece_n of_o 9_o 6_o d._n be_v ⅔_n of_o the_o 13_o d._n ½_n sterl_n one_o mark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr piece_n of_o ½_n which_o be_v 4½_n d._n be_v ⅓_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a again_o 13½_n d._n sterl_n be_v a_o scotch_a mark._n or_o 13_o shill_n 4._o d._n scotch_a 6⅔_n be_v a_o scotch_a noble_a 6_o shill_n 8_o d._n 20_o d._n sterl_n be_v 1½_n mark_n scotch_a or_o 1_o pound_n scotch_a of_o 20_o shill_n 20_o shill_n sterl_n be_v 18_o scotch_a mark_n beside_o which_o be_v here_o find_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o he_o that_o will_v see_v further_o into_o the_o intrinsic_n value_n and_o weight_n of_o these_o coin_n either_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o proclamation_n set_v out_o by_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n decease_v date_v in_o 1609_o which_o will_v also_o show_v their_o conformity_n to_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o current_a value_n and_o estimation_n thereof_o through_o this_o kingdom_n scotland_n exchange_n in_o scotland_n here_o be_v practise_v for_o england_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o scotch_a mark_n for_o 12_o penny_n sterling_a in_o london_n etc._n etc._n scotland_n account_n in_o scotland_n their_o account_n be_v now_o keep_v several_a way_n some_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n by_o sterling_a pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o some_o by_o their_o own_o ancient_a manner_n also_o in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n scottish_a 20_o penny_n sterling_a be_v their_o pound_n 13½_n be_v their_o mark_n and_o penny_n scottish_a of_o which_o they_o have_v some_o black_a or_o copper_n monies_n as_o babaes_n esteem_v by_o they_o for_o six_o penny_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a placks_n which_o they_o esteem_v for_o four_o penny_n and_o three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a and_o last_o piece_n call_v hard-head_n esteem_v by_o they_o at_o 1½_n penny_n but_o eight_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v yet_o current_a among_o they_o scotland_n weight_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v in_o general_n as_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o one_o weight_n for_o weigh_v of_o their_o merchandise_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n and_o all_o throughout_o england_n 108_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n london_n sotile_n be_v find_v to_o render_v here_o 92_o l._n incirca_fw-la or_o the_o 112_o l._n to_o give_v 103½_n l._n or_o thereabouts_o 100_o measure_n of_o length_n 120_o for_o 100_o their_o common_a measure_n in_o length_n for_o linens_n cloth_n silk_n or_o stuff_n be_v a_o ell_n common_a in_o use_n throughout_o scotland_n which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n differ_v from_o our_o english_a yard_n as_o be_v great_a so_o that_o whereas_o we_o allow_v 36_o inch_n to_o the_o yard_n by_o rule_n their_o ell_n may_v make_v incirca_fw-la 34½_n inch_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o trader_n hither_o that_o 75_o yard_n in_o london_n or_o ell_n 60_o ell_n have_v make_v here_o 72_o scotch_a ell_n but_o in_o their_o hundred_o by_o tale_n in_o measure_n they_o account_v six_o score_n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o in_o other_o measure_n of_o corn_n coal_n salt_n or_o liquid_a measure_n of_o beer_n ale_n wine_n oil_n and_o such_o like_a imitate_v the_o better_a experience_a to_o supply_v my_o defect_n therein_o for_o i_o hasten_v now_o towards_o england_n and_o so_o to_o london_n the_o city_n of_o my_o abode_n and_o the_o end_n of_o my_o present_a labour_n and_o by_o the_o way_n will_v observe_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o addict_v both_o to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o have_v many_o good_a help_n and_o furtherance_n there_o both_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o good_a port_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o in_o brief_a i_o may_v conclude_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n than_o the_o irish_a and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o english_a which_o yet_o by_o the_o gracious_a aspect_n of_o our_o sovereign_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o increase_v and_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n chap._n cclxvii_o of_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o have_v now_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o happy_a shore_n and_o run_v through_o the_o trade_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a know_a city_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o survey_v the_o distinct_a port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o i_o may_v not_o do_v less_o to_o our_o own_o than_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v do_v to_o other_o foreign_a country_n britain_n then_o the_o queen_n of_o island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o circuit_n 1836_o mile_n extend_v itself_o comprehend_v england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o one_o entire_a island_n which_o we_o now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n 800_o mile_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o part_n as_o into_o england_n and_o wales_n who_o trade_n we_o have_v now_o in_o hand_n and_o scotland_n who_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v chap._n cclxviii_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o wales_n then_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o division_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wie_z but_o by_o some_o by_o clauda_n offa_n or_o offa_n ditch_n or_o more_o proper_a by_o interpretation_n offa_n
price_n of_o 90_o gross_n per_fw-la ducat_n and_o of_o the_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o sigure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v gross_a 121½_n and_o so_o many_o gross_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o provision_n which_o be_v payable_a in_o venice_n be_v disbursable_a in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n find_v for_o antwerp_n at_o grow_v 90⅓_n and_o for_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a there_o be_v hereupon_o order_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v for_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o london_n the_o question_n be_v at_o what_o price_n will_v the_o remittance_n be_v from_o antwerp_n to_o london_n to_o do_v this_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a give_v gros_fw-fr 90⅓_n see_v that_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o value_n of_o a_o ducat_n of_o venice_n what_o will_v 240_o penny_n sterling_a give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o london_n it_o will_v be_v gros_fw-fr 387_o which_o reduce_v to_o shilling_n in_o take_v the_o 1_o 12_o and_o it_o will_v be_v 32¼_n shilling_n and_o so_o many_o shilling_n flemish_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o the_o provision_n payable_a in_o venice_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o pound_n sterling_a money_n credit_n in_o london_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o london_n be_v creditor_n in_o antwerp_n 2000_o l._n flemish_n who_o inorder_v that_o it_o be_v remit_v he_o at_o shilling_n 33¼_n or_o to_o placentia_n at_o 121_o grow_v where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v be_v find_v that_o be_v to_o that_o place_n which_o shall_v be_v most_o beneficial_a or_o to_o least_o loss_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v now_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o london_n at_o shilling_n 33½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121¼_n i_o demand_v to_o which_o of_o the_o say_a place_n shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o there_o be_v find_v remittance_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v where_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o shil_n 33¼_n give_v gros_fw-fr 121_o the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v shil_v 33½_n give_v be_v the_o price_n find_v for_o london_n it_o will_v come_v to_o gros_fw-fr 121_o 9_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o shil_fw-la 33½_n to_o go_v to_o the_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121_o 9_o 10_o and_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o loss_n that_o be_v at_o 121¼_n gross_a and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxliii_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v london_n exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o london_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v right_o to_o set_v down_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n thereof_o and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o his_o draught_n as_o in_o his_o remittance_n now_o only_o there_o rest_v to_o conclude_v this_o tract_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n to_o handle_v the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o and_o how_o by_o arithmetic_n it_o be_v perform_v which_o i_o will_v observe_v here_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n and_o instruction_n to_o those_o here_o omit_v london_n account_n keep_v in_o london_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o ensue_v that_o all_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o london_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n common_o call_v sterling_a and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o for_o 20_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n make_v a_o shilling_n and_o morcover_v that_o london_n exchange_v in_o the_o denominator_fw-la of_o penny_n sterling_a with_o all_o other_o country_n antwerp_n and_o those_o country_n neighbour_a of_o flanders_n and_o holland_n except_v with_o which_o it_o exchange_v by_o the_o entire_a pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a chap._n ccccxliv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n london_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 61_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o 3_o l._n piece_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 348_o l._n 15_o shilling_n sterling_a how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v thereto_o 15_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o penny_n add_v thereto_o the_o penny_n if_o any_o be_v and_o then_o divide_v the_o same_o by_o 61_o penny_n and_o the_o dividend_n will_v make_v crown_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o then_o they_o make_v in_o all_o crow_n 1372008_o penny_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 348_o l._n 15_o sterling_a deliver_v in_o london_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o lion_n shall_v exchange_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o 1372⅛_n crown_n for_o london_n france_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o paris_n roven_n &c_n &c_n in_o france_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o rule_n be_v the_o same_o when_o london_n shall_v exchange_v with_o either_o paris_n or_o roven_n or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n chap._n ccccxlv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 70_o penny_n stir_v more_fw-it or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o florence_n a_o crow_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o pound_n 656_o 10_o 6_o d._n star_z how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n this_o be_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o for_o the_o say_v 656_o 10_o 6_o sterling_a i_o be_o to_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n the_o sum_n of_o crow_n 2250⅛_n as_o per_fw-la example_n proof_n proof_n note_v that_o this_o exchange_n be_v seldom_o practise_v from_o london_n and_o therefore_o not_o in_o use_n in_o these_o day_n but_o when_o many_o florentine_a merchant_n reside_v in_o london_n it_o be_v much_o in_o use_n yet_o the_o rule_n be_v right_a and_o the_o proof_n thereof_o be_v evident_a when_o florence_n rechange_v again_o for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n london_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n for_o great_a sum_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 50_o d._n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o ducat_n in_o banco_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o venice_n this_o be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n reduce_v the_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n by_o the_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o add_v 17_o and_o then_o multiply_v that_o again_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o penny_n and_o add_v thereto_o 6_o d._n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2668⅕_n which_o shall_v be_v render_v in_o venice_n for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a in_o london_n as_o per_fw-la example_n venice_n proof_n difference_n between_o money_n in_o banco_n and_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n note_v that_o for_o distinction_n of_o the_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n which_o be_v 21_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o present_v worse_o than_o the_o money_n payable_a by_o exchange_n it_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n in_o which_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v payable_a and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 2668⅕_n ducat_n be_v rechange_v for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o
london_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o antwerp_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o pound_n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la shilling_n 35._o 6_o penny_n or_o gross_a money_n of_o antwerp_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 445_o l._n 15_o and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a how_o many_o pound_n flemish_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o antwerp_n first_o multiply_v the_o pound_n sterling_a by_o 20_o and_o bring_v they_o into_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o penny_n sterling_a do_v also_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a bring_v they_o first_o into_o shilling_n flemish_a by_o a_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o then_o to_o penny_n or_o gross_a by_o multiplication_n of_o 12_o d._n account_v the_o 35_o s._n 6_o d._n for_o l._n flem._n 1._o 15._o 6_o d._n and_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o one_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 35._o 6_o d_o flemish_n the_o price_n propose_v what_o will_v 445_o l._n 15._o 6_o sterling_a give_v which_o will_v make_v l._n 791._o 5._o 0_o d._n flemish_n for_o which_o you_o must_v have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v more_o apparent_a when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n câ—olondâ—…_n london_n exchange_n with_o amsterâ—…_n câ—olondâ—…_n and_o note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v the_o same_o when_o that_o london_n do_v exchange_n for_o colonia_n amsterdâ—m_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n chap._n ccccxlviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n london_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o for_o conclusion_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o commission_n and_o order_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 1._o example_n 1._o to_o london_n then_o come_v order_n from_o venice_n to_o remit_v to_o they_o at_o 60_o penny_n and_o to_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 82_o per_n sterling_a the_o partido_n be_v for_o crow_n 40000_o of_o mark_n i_o find_v then_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 61_o penny_n i_o will_v know_v consider_v the_o loss_n that_o present_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o shall_v i_o draw_v my_o draught_n for_o placentia_n you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 60_o give_v penny_n 82_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o will_v penny_n 61_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v penny_n 83â…“_n sterling_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o at_o less_o must_v not_o the_o draught_n be_v for_o placentia_n 2._o example_n 2._o again_o posito_fw-la florence_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n at_o penny_n 83_o sterling_a and_o say_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 108_o and_o that_o there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o florence_n that_o at_o these_o rate_v they_o draw_v for_o london_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v from_o london_n to_o placentia_n to_o do_v this_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n of_o florence_n which_o proper_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o crown_n 100_o of_o mark_n by_o penny_n sterling_a 83_o as_o be_v abovementioned_a and_o out_o of_o the_o penny_n that_o be_v thence_o produce_v i_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v penny_n sterling_a 89â…”_n incirca_fw-la and_o so_o many_o penny_n together_o with_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v common_o pay_v in_o florence_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o london_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 3_o example_n again_o to_o antwerp_n come_v order_n from_o london_n to_o draw_v thither_o and_o to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o remittance_n from_o london_n for_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 55_o penny_n sterling_a clear_a of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v 1000_o pound_n sterling_a now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o london_n at_o s._n 33â…“_n and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o grow_v 90â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v essect_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_v s._n 33½_n into_o gros_fw-fr and_o they_o make_v 400_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 240_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 400_o grow_v what_o will_v 55_o penny_n sterlâ—…g_v give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o venice_n it_o will_v make_v gross_a 91â…”_n from_o whence_o mull_v be_v deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n take_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v grow_v 91_o 3_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o profit_n because_o that_o draw_v for_o london_n at_o s._n 33_o â—_o â—_o may_v be_v deliver_v for_o venice_n at_o gross_a 91_o 3_o 10_o and_o there_o present_a bill_n at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o gross_a â…–_n 90_o example_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v needful_a at_o this_o time_n to_o insert_v concern_v the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n now_o there_o only_o rest_v term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n chap._n ccccxlix_fw-la of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n london_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n the_o term_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v with_o other_o city_n thus_o to_o venice_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o antwerp_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o placentia_n the_o same_o as_o lion_n to_o roven_n and_o paris_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccl_n of_o the_o abreviation_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n after_o the_o italian_a and_o foreign_a manner_n and_o method_n manner_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n abreviate_v after_o the_o italian_a manner_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o particular_a tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v the_o arithmetical_a method_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o rule_v practise_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o these_o exchange_n by_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o italy_n it_o will_v be_v here_o needful_a for_o the_o better_a enlighten_v of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o easy_a cast_v up_o and_o calculation_n thereof_o that_o i_o show_v how_o the_o italian_a broker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v abreviate_v their_o labour_n and_o shorten_v their_o task_n therein_o and_o the_o rather_o i_o have_v presume_v to_o add_v the_o same_o here_o and_o in_o this_o place_n partly_o in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o publish_v by_o any_o of_o our_o english_a arithmetician_n but_o princinal_o to_o show_v the_o learner_n the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v there_o wrought_v and_o arithmetical_o calculate_v it_o be_v general_o confess_v by_o all_o arithmetician_n that_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o arithmetic_n depend_v upon_o five_o principal_a rule_n now_o common_o in_o all_o country_n receive_v and_o teach_v that_o be_v by_o numeration_n addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n and_o that_o no_o one_o propose_v question_n in_o arithmetic_n can_v be_v perfect_v without_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o these_o for_o the_o three_o former_a i_o find_v not_o any_o disagreement_n in_o the_o common_a receive_v manner_n by_o they_o and_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n thereof_o but_o of_o the_o two_o latter_a whereby_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o rule_n and_o question_n of_o all_o exchange_n be_v perfect_v and_o perform_v i_o will_v here_o insist_v upon_o induce_v principal_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o enlighten_v thereby_o the_o precedent_a example_n that_o i_o have_v handle_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n beforementioned_a i_o will_v then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a master_n in_o this_o science_n begin_v with_o that_o part_n of_o arithmetic_n which_o we_o call_v division_n and_o by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o work_n thereof_o explain_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o either_o shall_v be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v it_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v desire_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a table_n account_n division_n abreviate_v in_o calculation_n of_o account_n a_o certain_a merchant_n then_o buy_v 46_o clothes_n which_o cost_v he_o 673_o l._n
rate_n of_o so_o many_o shilling_n and_o so_o many_o penny_n flemish_a money_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n be_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a to_o pay_v so_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n hamburgh_n money_n per_fw-la pound_n sterling_a which_o differ_v something_o from_o the_o flemish_a money_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n for_o paris_n and_o roven_n be_v value_v on_o the_o french_a crown_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o french_a crown_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o venice_n be_v make_v on_o the_o ducat_n so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o ducat_n and_o the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o legorn_n be_v make_v on_o the_o dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o dollar_n and_o these_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a place_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n at_o london_n at_o present_a the_o pair_n of_o several_a country_n the_o pair_n at_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleburgh_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n with_o our_o pound_n sterling_a be_v 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n to_o a_o pound_n sterling_a which_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n do_v make_v 10_o gilder_n at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a the_o gilder_n or_o 10_o livre_n tournois_n pair_n at_o france_n the_o pair_n at_o paris_n roven_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 71_o sou_n the_o crown_n or_o 6_o s._n sterling_a the_o french_a crown_n of_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n which_o 3_o livre_n make_v 6_o s._n sterling_a every_o livre_fw-fr at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a and_o every_o 10_o sou_n french_a reckon_v at_o 12_o d._n sterling_a pair_n at_o legorn_n the_o pair_n at_o legorn_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 4_o s._n 6_o d._n or_o 54_o d._n per_fw-la dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o pair_n at_o venice_n the_o pair_n at_o venice_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 6_o livre_n and_o 4_o sou_n of_o venice_n per_fw-la ducat_n or_o 4_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 51_o d._n sterling_a per_fw-la ducat_n pair_n between_o antwerp_n and_o paris_n or_o any_o part_n of_o france_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o 60_o sou_n or_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v usual_o make_v for_o france_n be_v worth_a 89_o 31_o 67_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n tournois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n so_o that_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a be_v the_o pair_n in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n you_o may_v present_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v loss_n or_o gain_n by_o any_o parcel_n do_v by_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v between_o any_o other_o two_o place_n have_v first_o find_v out_o the_o pair_n or_o equalize_v the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o country_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o know_v at_o what_o price_n the_o exchange_n than_o go_v the_o loss_n or_o gain_n will_v soon_o appear_v but_o this_o pair_n be_v ground_v principal_o upon_o the_o currant_n value_v of_o coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhancement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o be_v subject_a to_o change_v as_o experience_n do_v show_v hamburgh_n pair_n twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o hamburgh_n at_o pair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v four_o rixdollar_n which_o make_v flemish_a 33_o s._n 4_o d._n receive_v your_o money_n before_o you_o part_n with_o your_o bill_n by_o assignment_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n elsewhere_o when_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o his_o servant_n come_v for_o the_o money_n to_o the_o party_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o demand_v payment_n thereof_o and_o he_o write_v he_o a_o note_n to_o go_v to_o a_o goldsmith_n or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o man_n and_o there_o order_v the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o that_o he_o give_v he_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n due_a upon_o another_o man_n and_o set_v his_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o leave_v some_o space_n above_o his_o name_n to_o make_v a_o receipt_n for_o the_o money_n as_o be_v usual_a i_o will_v advise_v the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n to_o keep_v his_o bill_n i_o mean_v the_o first_o mention_v bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o his_o custody_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o money_n by_o assignment_n as_o above_o and_o then_o he_o may_v either_o leave_v his_o bill_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n or_o else_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o bill_n back_o to_o the_o party_n that_o give_v he_o the_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v order_v he_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o advise_v to_o part_v with_o the_o first-mentioned_n bill_n and_o to_o give_v it_o up_o to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o be_v actual_o possess_v of_o his_o money_n i_o know_v the_o contrary_n be_v sometime_o practise_v namely_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o such_o a_o note_n etc._n etc._n to_o give_v up_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o then_o here_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o at_o the_o time_n upon_o such_o note_n etc._n etc._n i_o be_o hinder_v from_o protest_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v deliver_v up_o as_o satisfy_v and_o so_o whereas_o i_o before_o have_v both_o the_o drawer_n and_o accep_n or_o bind_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o endorser_n also_o i_o have_v now_o only_o the_o acceptor_n upon_o his_o single-soled_a note_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o acceptor_n or_o party_n on_o who_o my_o bill_n be_v draw_v in_o this_o case_n of_o assignment_n will_v not_o trust_v i_o with_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o to_o go_v to_o receive_v my_o money_n i_o have_v less_o reason_n to_o trust_v he_o with_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o i_o have_v my_o money_n for_o shall_v i_o receive_v my_o money_n upon_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o not_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o i_o be_o a_o solvable_a man_n and_o of_o know_a residence_n his_o bill_n will_v do_v i_o little_a good_a for_o the_o payment_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o note_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o i_o deliver_v up_o my_o bill_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o have_v not_o my_o money_n i_o must_v rest_v only_o upon_o he_o for_o my_o money_n and_o dance_v after_o his_o pipe_n which_o i_o hold_v not_o convenient_a only_o i_o concieve_v it_o good_a for_o the_o party_n that_o make_v such_o a_o note_n to_o mention_v in_o it_o the_o party_n name_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o take_v up_o that_o note_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n but_o suppose_v i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o not_o mention_v in_o it_o to_o take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v this_o note_n receive_v the_o money_n assign_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o he_o have_v on_o i_o to_o another_o man_n and_o play_v the_o knave_n and_o absent_v himself_o can_v this_o other_o man_n sue_v i_o for_o the_o money_n on_o my_o accept_a bill_n i_o answer_v he_o can_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o know_v the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n and_o mention_v in_o my_o note_n that_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n the_o goldsmith_n etc._n etc._n do_v take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o that_o note_n but_o now_o if_o he_o give_v i_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v my_o money_n by_o and_o i_o go_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o he_o do_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o it_o be_v the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a i_o ought_v
for_o their_o coin_n their_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o ounce_n weight_n and_o this_o be_v see_v practise_v in_o massa_n and_o other_o kingdom_n also_o thereabouts_o congo_n of_o lumache_n in_o congo_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n be_v take_v up_o along_o the_o seashore_n great_a store_n of_o shell_n fish_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a use_v in_o tombuto_n call_v lumache_n which_o they_o distinguish_v male_a and_o female_a the_o shell_n whereof_o be_v there_o account_v a_o coin_n and_o wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o buy_v both_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o with_o silver_n or_o gold_n either_o in_o mass_n or_o coin_n can_v they_o not_o buy_v any_o other_o thing_n needful_a whatsoever_o melinda_n of_o glass-bead_n in_o melinda_n in_o melinda_n they_o have_v little_a ball_n of_o glass_n in_o manner_n of_o our_o red_a bead_n which_o come_v to_o they_o from_o cambaia_n and_o other_o place_n and_o these_o be_v their_o coin_n and_o money_n and_o with_o they_o gold_n be_v neither_o find_v to_o be_v of_o account_n nor_o esteem_n cathay_n of_o salt_n and_o paper_n in_o cathay_n in_o some_o place_n of_o cathay_n their_o money_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o paper_n stamp_v and_o in_o some_o other_o salt_n bake_v into_o small_a cake_n for_o the_o excellent_a use_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o pass_v current_a as_o coin_n among_o they_o pegu._n of_o ganza_n in_o pegu._n in_o pegu_n their_o money_n be_v call_v ganza_n and_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n which_o every_o man_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n both_o coin_n and_o stamp_n that_o be_v able_a for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v account_v as_o a_o merchandise_n among_o they_o bengala_n of_o almond_n in_o bengala_n in_o bengala_n their_o small_a money_n be_v a_o fruit_n resemble_v the_o almond_n which_o pass_v current_n from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n sumatra_n of_o skull_n of_o dead_a man_n in_o sumatra_n and_o in_o the_o island_n sumatra_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n be_v account_v their_o great_a treasure_n with_o which_o they_o buy_v and_o barter_n and_o he_o be_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v the_o great_a number_n thereof_o in_o his_o house_n india_n of_o pepper_n and_o cocos_fw-la in_o india_n and_o last_o in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n they_o use_v pepper_n and_o cocos-nut_n in_o lieu_n of_o money_n and_o the_o same_o pass_v current_a for_o coin_n in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n and_o to_o conclude_v it_o may_v be_v observe_v throughout_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n that_o though_o silver_n and_o gold_n be_v not_o the_o metal_n general_o in_o use_n for_o the_o coin_n and_o stamp_v of_o money_n throughout_o all_o the_o world_n yet_o these_o other_o thing_n specify_v carry_v with_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n in_o these_o place_n the_o like_a efficacy_n and_o power_n name_n money_o call_v by_o three_o several_a name_n to_o proceed_v then_o budelius_n varro_n and_o sundry_a author_n write_v upon_o the_o original_n of_o money_n and_o upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o predominant_a point_n of_o traffic_n affirm_v that_o all_o coin_n in_o the_o general_n have_v be_v nominate_v by_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n 1._o moneta_n 2._o nummus_fw-la 3._o pecunia_n the_o reason_n give_v thereof_o be_v these_o moneta_n moneta_n first_o moneta_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v that_o name_n and_o be_v derive_v à _fw-la monendo_fw-la which_o be_v to_o admonish_v and_o warn_v the_o people_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n vel_fw-la nummi_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o of_o such_o a_o sign_n or_o mark_v impress_v thereupon_o thereby_o allude_v to_o the_o fay_n of_o christ_n matth._n 22._o where_o the_o pharisee_n bring_v he_o a_o penny_n he_o thereupon_o demand_v who_o image_n and_o superscription_n that_o be_v and_o they_o answer_v caesar_n then_o say_v he_o unto_o they_o give_v therefore_o to_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n and_o unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v god_n nummus_fw-la nummus_fw-la second_o nummus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o à _fw-la numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la numine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o ducat_n be_v say_v from_o ducatus_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v from_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o roman_a king_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o 1900_o year_n pass_v command_v money_n to_o be_v make_v whereof_o ever_o since_o after_o his_o name_n every_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v nummus_fw-la or_o again_o as_o some_o hold_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o nomos_n which_o signify_v a_o law_n and_o impli_v as_o much_o as_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o such_o a_o commonwealth_n have_v ordain_v money_n from_o who_o it_o have_v take_v a_o certain_a price_n and_o value_n pecunia_n pecunia_n three_o pecunia_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o ox_n wherein_o be_v say_v to_o consist_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o whereon_o the_o figure_n thereof_o be_v stamp_v and_o be_v constive_v to_o be_v all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n want_v the_o form_n of_o man_n and_o some_o hold_n that_o the_o name_n of_o money_n signify_v not_o only_a money_n number_v or_o tell_v but_o also_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o movable_a as_o immovable_a liquid_a as_o solid_a and_o in_o general_a all_o thing_n whatsoever_o man_n have_v upon_o earth_n from_o these_o three_o name_n and_o kind_n grow_v first_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o particular_a distinction_n and_o nomination_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o species_n as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o worth_n and_o esteem_n among_o they_o for_o they_o have_v then_o in_o use_n certain_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n denarii_fw-la denarii_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v in_o value_n ten_o piece_n of_o the_o copper_n it_o be_v call_v denarius_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a ten_o piece_n of_o silver_n the_o same_o be_v also_o call_v denarius_fw-la and_o thus_o for_o distinction_n sake_n other_o nation_n in_o their_o coin_n in_o after-age_n follow_v their_o example_n england_n easterling_n money_n of_o england_n and_o our_o english_a money_n come_v to_o have_v the_o appellation_n of_o sterling_n and_o to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n as_o some_o say_v from_o the_o easterlin_n that_o be_v in_o time_n past_o the_o master_n of_o our_o mint_n and_o the_o refiner_n of_o our_o coin_n which_o yet_o hold_v this_o name_n and_o by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v know_v throughout_o all_o europe_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n however_o coin_n and_o money_n come_v to_o have_v their_o original_n and_o name_n and_o however_o the_o same_o come_v to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o of_o what_o metal_n soever_o the_o same_o be_v in_o these_o day_n find_v to_o be_v make_v of_o and_o frame_v yet_o when_o once_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a magistrate_n crime_n coin_n debase_v or_o alter_v be_v a_o capital_a crime_n it_o be_v hold_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o all_o country_n either_o to_o deface_v mend_v alter_v or_o any_o way_n to_o debase_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o just_o the_o circumstance_n consider_v do_v the_o coin_n of_o prince_n current_n in_o all_o their_o country_n challenge_v a_o principal_a part_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o universal_a commerce_n of_o the_o world_n a_o table_n show_v the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower_n standard_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n and_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o several_a coin_n of_o foreign_a nation_n both_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o they_o be_v assay_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n june_n 1651._o the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n the_o weight_n by_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n the_o value_n intrinsic_a  _fw-fr oz._n dw_n  _fw-fr oz._n dw_n gr_n s._n d._n s._n d._n worse_a 0_o 10_o holland_n rix_n dollar_n 0_o 18_o 15_o 4_o 5â—_n 4_o 7â…›_n worse_o 2_o 3_o lion_n dollar_n 0_o 17_o 18½_n 3_o 7_o 3_o 8â—_n better_a 0_o 4½_n ducat_n of_o flanders_n 1_o 0_o 22_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o worse_a  _fw-fr 7â—_n rix_n dollar_n of_o the_o emper._n 0_o 18_o 15_o 4_o 6_o 4_o 7â—_n standard_n mexico_n ryal_n of_o eight_o 0_o 17_o 12_o 4_o 4½_n 4_o 6¼_n better_a 0_o 1_o sevil_n ryal_n of_o eight_o 0_o 17_o 12_o 4_o 4¾_n 4_o 6½_n worse_o 0_o 1_o old_a cardecus_fw-la 0_o 6_o 3½_n 1_o 6â…œ_n 1_o 7_o 0_o 0½_n french_a lewes_n of_o sixty_o soll_z 0_o 17_o 11_o 4_o 4¼_n 4_o 6â—_n 0_o 1_o old_a milre_a of_o portugal_n 0_o 14_o 4_o 3_o 6¾_n 3_o 8_o 0_o 1½_n st._n mark_v of_o venice_n
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in_o fineness_n in_o 24._o or_o pound_n troy_n king_n james_n by_o proclamation_n date_v at_o westminster_n 16_o nou._n 2d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n appoint_v several_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o one_o standard_n with_o their_o weight_n according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o mint-man_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v express_v in_o this_o follow_a table_n note_v that_o the_o pound_n troy_n be_v great_a than_o the_o pound_n scotch_a by_o 4_o penny_n weight_n and_o 9_o gr_n  _fw-fr english_fw-fr weight_n  _fw-fr s._n d._n peny_n with_o 20._o grain_n 24._o mite_n 20._o droit_n 24._o perot_n 20._o blank_n 24._o piece_n of_o gold_n 20_o  _fw-fr 6_o 10_o 16_o 18_o 10_o  _fw-fr 10_o  _fw-fr 3_o 5_o 8_o 9_o 5_o  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 1_o 14_o 14_o 4_o 12_o 12_o 4_o  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 19_o 8_o 10_o  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 0_o 19_o 7_o 2_o 6_o 6_o piece_n of_o silver_n 5_o  _fw-fr 19_o 8_o 10_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 9_o 16_o 5_o 4_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 3_o 20_o 18_o 1_o 10_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 1_o 22_o 9_o 0_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 0_o 15_o 9_o 16_o 5_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 0_o 7_o 14_o 20_o 2_o 12_o  _fw-fr ½_n 0_o 3_o 17_o 10_o 1_o 6_o  _fw-fr scotch_a weight_n  _fw-fr deny_v grain_n 24._o prime_n 24._o second_o 24._o three_o 24._o fourths_o 24._o  _fw-fr piece_n of_o gold_n 7_o 21_o
a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_v where_o 500_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n may_v safe_o anchor_v from_o all_o but_o south_n and_o westerly_a wind_n which_o very_o seldom_o in_o these_o part_n happen_v for_o the_o wind_n here_o general_o blow_v from_o east_n northerly_a and_o southerly_a wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o east-part_n of_o the_o island_n the_o windward_n and_o the_o west-part_n the_o leeward_n here_o lie_v also_o the_o chief_a town_n for_o trade_n former_o call_v the_o bridge_n but_o now_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v two_o fort_n and_o a_o platform_n between_o they_o answer_v each_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o command_v of_o the_o road._n the_o first_o and_o chief_a fort_n be_v call_v charles_n fort_n stand_v on_o needham_n point_n and_o lie_v out_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o windward_n of_o the_o bay_n and_o town_n so_o that_o a_o enemy_n keep_v out_o of_o command_n of_o this_o fort_n can_v 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from_o hence_o on_o which_o continent_n the_o english_a have_v a_o colony_n plant_v within_o the_o river_n serenam_fw-la this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o 11_o parish_n and_o have_v 14_o church_n and_o chapel_n and_o be_v subdivide_v into_o divers_a plantation_n some_o small_a and_o other_o great_a where_o be_v many_o fair_a and_o large_a building_n make_v of_o stone_n and_o other_o board_v and_o plaster_v the_o which_o general_o be_v pleasant_a habitation_n and_o delightful_o situate_v some_o have_v prospect_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v english_a scotch_a and_o irish_a and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a nation_n who_o former_o live_v here_o a_o time_n of_o servitude_n and_o now_o dwell_v as_o freeman_n some_o by_o their_o trade_n and_o other_o on_o plantation_n and_o some_o few_o jew_n live_v here_o and_o trade_n also_o as_o merchant_n they_o have_v obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v beside_o mallatoes_n and_o negro_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v and_o account_v for_o slave_n the_o number_n of_o which_o some_o few_o year_n since_o upon_o search_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 60000_o person_n viz._n 40000_o whites_n and_o 20000_o black_n the_o stand_a militia_n of_o this_o island_n that_o be_v always_o ready_a on_o all_o occasion_n to_o meet_v together_o and_o which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v often_o and_o well_o discipline_v consist_v of_o two_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o five_o regiment_n of_o foot_n wherein_o several_a company_n have_v near_o 200_o in_o a_o company_n and_o more_o than_o 100_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n the_o government_n be_v not_o contrary_a but_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n only_o some_o particular_a law_n be_v make_v proper_a for_o this_o place_n by_o the_o governor_n or_o deputy_n and_o his_o council_n which_o usual_o be_v seven_o in_o number_n and_o a_o assembly_n that_o consist_v of_o 22_o person_n choose_v by_o the_o free_a holder_n two_o out_o of_o every_o parish_n the_o religion_n outward_o profess_v or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o great_a show_n or_o appearance_n be_v the_o protestant_a religion_n yet_o without_o the_o exercise_n of_o any_o coercive_a power_n upon_o the_o conscience_n for_o here_o be_v neither_o bishop_n court_n nor_o power_n give_v to_o priest_n or_o prelate_n whereby_o they_o may_v exercise_v authority_n over_o the_o conscience_n of_o other_o though_o different_a in_o opinion_n so_o that_o the_o jew_n and_o other_o of_o different_a judgement_n they_o yield_a obedience_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v protect_v and_o live_v peaceable_o and_o quiet_o in_o this_o place_n concern_v coin_n all_o sort_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n do_v pass_v here_o but_o none_o coin_v the_o value_n of_o foreign_a coin_n appear_v as_o follow_v the_o spanish_a pistol_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o double_a pistol_n at_o forty_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o the_o lesser_a proportionable_a the_o piece_n of_o eight_o at_o six_o shilling_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o dutch_a rider_n of_o gold_n at_o eight_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a proportionable_a the_o rix-dollar_n at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_n a_o cross_n dollar_n at_o five_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n a_o duccatoon_n of_o flanders_n at_o seven_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o french_a pistol_n of_o gold_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a proportionable_a a_o french_a crown_n of_o gold_n at_o ten_o shilling_n sterling_a a_o french_a lewis_n of_o silver_n at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o quarter_n descue_v two_o shilling_n the_o half_a one_o shilling_n the_o portugal_n crusado_n of_o four_o hundred_o rees_n at_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a the_o old_a testoon_n at_o one_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a the_o shilling_n sixpence_n and_o threepence_n of_o new-england_n coin_n to_o pass_v here_o at_o that_o value_n provide_v the_o say_v several_a coin_n have_v their_o just_a due_a and_o weight_n pureness_n allay_n and_o fineness_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o use_v in_o payment_n be_v piece_n of_o eight_o of_o peru_n which_o be_v as_o current_n and_o go_v at_o the_o same_o value_n as_o sevil_n or_o mexico_n which_o will_v produce_v this_o bad_a effect_n that_o money_n sterling_n and_o coin_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n will_v not_o be_v import_v and_o these_o sort_n which_o be_v already_o here_o will_v either_o be_v hoard_v up_o or_o transport_v and_o that_o because_o the_o base_a money_n of_o peru_n be_v here_o hold_v in_o equal_a value_n with_o mexico_n etc._n etc._n who_o real_a value_n be_v from_o 4_o s._n 4_o d._n to_o 4_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o the_o peru_n from_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o 3_o
the_o inquisitive_a as_o for_o the_o general_a present_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n i_o shall_v comprise_v it_o with_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o netherlands_o in_o the_o 181_o chapter_n follow_v the_o first_o earldom_n account_v one_o of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n be_v flanders_n so_o call_v peradventure_o à _fw-la flando_fw-la as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o wind_n divide_v into_o imperialem_fw-la gallicam_fw-la and_o tâ—…tâ—nicam_fw-la gaunt_n gaunt_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o trade_n therein_o be_v first_o gaunt_n who_o wall_n be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n the_o two_o river_n of_o scheld_v and_o ley_n run_v through_o the_o same_o and_o make_v in_o it_o 26_o island_n which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o hundred_o bridge_n and_o have_v not_o she_o often_o sedition_n ruinate_v her_o beauty_n she_o may_v have_v be_v queen_n of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o europe_n and_o here_o john_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n be_v bear_v common_o in_o history_n call_v john_n of_o gaunt_n bruges_n bruges_n the_o second_o city_n be_v bruges_n once_o the_o most_o famous_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n where_o sundry_a nation_n for_o many_o year_n keep_v both_o their_o magazine_n and_o factor_n for_o the_o sale_n and_o provide_v of_o all_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o the_o world_n now_o much_o decay_v of_o its_o former_a splendour_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n adventurer_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n to_o antwerp_n about_o the_o year_n 1503._o it_o be_v seat_v about_o three_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n upon_o a_o fair_a and_o deep_a artificial_a channel_n fill_v with_o the_o water_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a and_o adjoin_v stream_n and_o fountain_n which_o channel_n in_o this_o country_n be_v very_o frequent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o general_a which_o do_v both_o further_a the_o traffic_n of_o the_o city_n and_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v in_o this_o country_n account_v four_o principal_a seaport_n which_o give_v entrance_n by_o sea_n into_o this_o part_n of_o flanders_n dunkirk_n dunkirk_n the_o first_o be_v dunkirk_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o do_v in_o time_n of_o war_n infest_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o name_n of_o freebooter_n and_o because_o most_o of_o their_o war_n be_v with_o the_o dutch_a who_o they_o account_v heretic_n the_o jesuit_n and_o other_o the_o romish_a religious_a rabblement_n of_o this_o place_n join_v with_o these_o pirate_n and_o bestow_v thus_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o ignorant_a secular_a towards_o the_o ruin_n and_o rapine_n of_o their_o fellow_n countryman_n and_o christian_n a_o evident_a testimony_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o zeal_n of_o their_o devout_a order_n possess_v by_o the_o english_a and_o fortify_v anno_fw-la 1657_o and_o 58._o command_a by_o lockhart_n who_o publish_v his_o declaration_n as_o follow_v old_a jacobus_n at_o 15_o guilder_n the_o new_a one_o or_o carolus_n 14_o guilder_n english_a shilling_n 13_o stivers_n or_o pence_n half_a crown_n 32_o stivers_n and_o 1_o half_a gold_n spanish_a pistol_n 11_o guilder_n gold_n rial_n 8_o guilder_n gold_n sovereign_n 18_o guilder_n gold_n double_a ducat_n 12_o guilder_n gold_n french_a crown_n 5_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n or_o pence_n gold_n hungary_n ducat_n 6_o guilder_n gold_n albertine_n 7_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n gold_n reinis-guilder_n 3_o guilder_n 15_o stivers_n gold_n rider_n of_o zealand_n 7_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n the_o double_a one_o and_o half_a according_o gold_n flemish_a crown_n 4_o guilder_n 16_o stivers_n italian_n pistol_n 9_o guilder_n 12_o stivers_n gold_n crown_n of_o liege_n 3_o guilder_n 10_o stivers_n silver_n ducatoon_n 3_o guilder_n 15_o stivers_n flemish_a or_o seal_v pattacoon_n 3_o guilder_n silver_n lewis_n 3_o guilder_n holland_n rixdollar_n 3_o guilder_n the_o half_a etc._n etc._n according_o cardicue_n of_o weight_n 1_o guilder_n french_a testoon_n of_o weight_n 19_o stivers_n french_a silver_n frank_n or_o livre_n of_o weight_n 1_o guilder_n 7_o stivers_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n according_o flemish_a shilling_n 7_o stivers_n and_o ½_n the_o ½_n shilling_n according_o zealand_n shilling_n 7_o stivers_n flemish_a stooters_n 2_o stivers_n and_o ½_n flemish_n ten_o stuyver_n 12_o stivers_n flemish_n 5_o stuyver_n 6_o stivers_n flemish_a stivers_n and_o mark_v piece_n at_o 1_o stiver_n or_o 4_o farthing_n as_o also_o all_o flemish_a and_o french_a farthing_n be_v hereby_o declare_v to_o be_v good_a but_o those_o of_o liege_n and_o all_o other_o for_o bullion_n provide_v that_o no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v more_o of_o the_o say_v flemish_a and_o french_a farthing_n than_o after_o the_o proportion_n of_o five_o penny_n in_o ten_o shilling_n or_o six_o guilder_n and_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v either_o to_o pay_v out_o or_o receive_v the_o forementioned_a piece_n of_o money_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o those_o here_o express_v shall_v forfeit_v the_o say_a piece_n of_o monies_n and_o four_o time_n the_o value_n thereof_o scluse_n scluse_n the_o second_o be_v scluse_n seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o bruges_n command_v a_o fair_a haven_n capable_a of_o 500_o sail_n of_o good_a ship_n and_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o state_n and_o be_v take_v from_o the_o archduke_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1604._o with_o who_o welfare_n it_o can_v stand_v to_o suffer_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o enjoy_v any_o safe_a and_o large_a harbour_n in_o those_o sea_n or_o adjoin_v coast_n nieuport_n nieuport_n the_o three_o port_n be_v nieuport_n famous_v in_o these_o our_o day_n by_o the_o great_a battle_n fight_v near_o it_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1600._o between_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n and_o the_o state_n the_o victory_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v get_v next_o under_o god_n by_o the_o valour_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o valiant_a commander_n ostend_n ostend_n the_o four_o seaport_n of_o this_o country_n be_v ostend_n which_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n against_o the_o archduke_n of_o three_o year_n and_o three_o month_n which_o have_v make_v it_o for_o ever_o famous_a to_o posterity_n lisle_n lisle_n in_o this_o country_n of_o flanders_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o who_o language_n be_v therein_o still_o use_v be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o lisle_n account_v the_o three_o town_n of_o traffic_n in_o all_o the_o netherlands_o and_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o some_o infer_v the_o first_o invention_n of_o lay_v of_o colour_n with_o oil_n of_o make_v of_o worsted-says_a and_o many_o other_o stuff_v which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v see_v to_o come_v thence_o next_o be_v douai_n a_o university_n tournay_n tournay_n then_o tournay_n which_o be_v surprise_v and_o take_v by_o our_o henry_n viii_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1513._o to_o who_o the_o citizen_n pay_v 100000_o crown_n for_o their_o ransom_n and_o it_o be_v restore_v afterward_o to_o the_o french_a for_o the_o same_o 600000_o crown_n and_o from_o he_o final_o take_v by_o charles_n v._n beside_o these_o there_o be_v account_v in_o flanders_n 35_o town_n and_o 1178_o village_n of_o lesseâ—_n note_n which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o brief_o as_o intend_v to_o comprehend_v the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o artois_n artois_n the_o second_o earld_v they_o be_v artois_n contain_v twelve_o town_n of_o consequence_n and_o 750_o village_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v the_o town_n of_o arras_n whence_o our_o tapestry_n and_o clothes_n of_o arras_n have_v have_v their_o invention_n and_o first_o original_a paul_n s._n paul_n then_o saint_n paul_n the_o earl_n thereof_o lewis_n of_o luxenburg_n play_v so_o often_o fast_o and_o loose_a with_o lewis_n xi_o of_o france_n with_o edward_z iu._n of_o england_n and_o with_o charles_n of_o burgundy_n that_o he_o keep_v they_o for_o many_o year_n at_o continual_a strife_n which_o duke_n charles_n at_o length_n requite_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o head_n and_o earldom_n heinault_n heinault_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v heinault_n comprehend_v 950_o village_n and_o 24_o town_n of_o note_n cambray_n cambray_n the_o most_o eminent_a be_v cambray_n take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n from_o the_o french_a by_o the_o earl_n of_o fuentes_n anno_fw-la 1595._o account_v a_o free_a town_n then_o mons._n beauvais_n beauvais_n the_o next_o be_v beauvais_n at_o a_o pillar_n whereof_o begin_v all_o the_o way_n lead_v into_o france_n make_v all_o of_o pave_a stone_n by_o brunhault_n the_o french_a queen_n namure_n namure_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v namure_n contain_v 180_o village_n and_o but_o 4_o town_n of_o note_n namure_n be_v the_o principal_a this_o country_n have_v for_o merchandise_n great_a store_n of_o grain_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o be_v enrich_v with_o mine_n of_o jasper_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o marble_n and_o so_o abundant_a in_o iron_n that_o it_o be_v incredible_a make_v the_o inhabitant_n thereby_o both_o wealthy_a and_o laborious_a and_o it_o be_v find_v moreover_o to_o produce_v
able_a with_o wind_n and_o oar_n to_o break_v through_o they_o and_o the_o country_n be_v the_o pleasant_a of_o all_o denmark_n blesida_n blesida_n in_o blesida_n be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o malmogia_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o colmar_n against_o the_o sweedlandeâ—_n the_o principal_a trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v contain_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o elsinour_n therefore_o under_o the_o title_n of_o these_o two_o i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n ccxi_o of_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o copenhagen_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o winter_n and_o may_v be_v interpret_v the_o merchant_n haven_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n or_o castle_n which_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n where_o the_o haven_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o the_o city_n be_v of_o a_o round_a form_n afford_v little_a beauty_n as_o be_v but_o mean_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o clay_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o stone_n here_o be_v find_v some_o merchant_n yet_o for_o the_o mostipart_n of_o no_o great_a eminence_n for_o the_o country_n afford_v no_o rich_a commodity_n that_o may_v allure_v other_o thither_o or_o serve_v to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o region_n whereby_o a_o gain_n may_v be_v expect_v copenhagen_n the_o coin_n of_o copenhagen_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n common_o current_n be_v the_o dollar_n and_o shilling_n two_o danish_n shilling_n make_v one_o lubeck_n shilling_n and_o 66_o danish_a shilling_n account_v for_o a_o rix_n dollar_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterling_a denmark_n account_n in_o denmark_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o mark_n of_o 16_o shilling_n danish_n their_o exchange_n be_v here_o practise_v by_o the_o rix_n dollar_n above_o mention_v the_o common_a current_a coin_n of_o these_o country_n etc._n measure_n and_o weight_n etc._n etc._n their_o measure_n and_o weight_n i_o will_v brief_o observe_v by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o hasten_v to_o elsinour_n chap._n ccxii_o of_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o elsinour_n of_o itself_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a village_n but_o much_o frequent_v by_o seaman_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o neighbourhood_n to_o that_o straight_a sea_n call_v the_o sound_n where_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lay_v so_o great_a imposition_n upon_o all_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v out_o or_o go_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o this_o sole_a profit_n surpass_v far_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a castle_n of_o cronburg_n lie_v in_o this_o village_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o straight_a to_o which_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o narrow_a sea_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n another_o castle_n be_v opposite_a call_v elsburg_n which_o two_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o this_o straight_a that_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v in_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n without_o their_o leave_n and_o consequent_o without_o due_a payment_n of_o this_o imposition_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o cronburg_n castle_n be_v the_o large_a road_n for_o ship_n towards_o the_o baltic_a sea_n where_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o lodging_n which_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v a_o delectable_a prospect_n to_o all_o man_n but_o especial_o to_o he_o for_o ship_n go_v in_o and_o out_o here_o by_o fleet_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o he_o be_v certain_a that_o none_o do_v pass_v either_o way_n but_o according_a to_o their_o burden_n and_o load_n add_v somewhat_o to_o his_o treasury_n the_o haven_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a fleet_n for_o it_o have_v cronburg_n castle_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o castle_n of_o elsburg_n on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o seeland_n the_o chief_a island_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o the_o island_n fimeria_n or_o whern_n on_o the_o south_n side_n in_o which_o i_o note_v before_o that_o tycho_n brahe_n the_o famous_a mathematician_n have_v his_o residence_n the_o dane_n conceive_v this_o island_n to_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o they_o have_v a_o fable_n that_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n offer_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o as_o much_o scarlet_a cloth_n as_o will_v cover_v the_o same_o with_o a_o rose_n noble_a at_o the_o corner_n of_o each_o cloth_n if_o any_o such_o offer_n be_v make_v doubtless_o the_o wildom_o and_o judgement_n of_o that_o prince_n know_v how_o to_o make_v that_o island_n be_v fortify_v peradventure_o to_o return_v he_o his_o charge_n again_o with_o good_a interest_n but_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o can_v benefit_v a_o foreign_a prince_n whole_a territory_n h_v out_o of_o the_o sound_n by_o which_o he_o must_v needs_o enter_v those_o before_o mention_v castle_n command_v the_o entrance_n though_o it_o may_v prove_v more_o beneficial_a to_o some_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o to_o who_o the_o sea_n be_v open_a for_o passage_n chap._n ccxiii_o weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o that_o of_o london_n denmark_n weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n now_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o kingdom_n they_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v in_o many_o place_n so_o many_o as_o have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n i_o have_v reduce_v to_o the_o subtle_a hundred_o of_o london_n which_o subtle_a hundred_o be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o city_n of_o traffic_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr l._n aldar_n 87_o copping_n ham_n 92_o cracou_n 119_o dantzick_n 116_o hamburg_n 92_o wild_a 116_o elsinour_n 92_o lubeck_n 92_o melvin_n 120_o revel_v 116_o rhiga_n 116_o stacar_n 108_o stralsont_v 88_o bergen_n norway_n 92_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o general_o in_o copenhagen_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o denmark_n they_o hare_n a_o great_a and_o small_a hundred_o one_o of_o 112_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o another_o of_o 120_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o account_v twelve_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n also_o they_o have_v a_o skip-pound_n 32_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n the_o stone_n or_o 20_o lispound_n of_o 16_o mark_v pound_n be_v a_o skip-pound_n and_o 20_o time_n 16_o pound_n be_v 320_o pound_n chap._n ccxiu_o measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o london_n denmark_n measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n as_o i_o have_v do_v with_o their_o weight_n so_o i_o will_v proceed_v with_o their_o measure_n reduce_v then_o to_o the_o hundred_o yard_n english_a and_o make_v in_o  _fw-fr ells._n arsnis_fw-la 166â…”_n breme_n 162½_n breslow_n for_o cloth_n 148_o ditto_n for_o silk_n 160_o connixborough_n 166_o lubeck_n 160_o munster_n 80_o ockermond_n 141½_n revel_v 166_o rhostick_a 158â…“_n wismar_n 157¾_n dantzick_n 162½_n doinin_n 163_o embden_n 163_o gripswould_n 163_o hamburg_n 163_o melvin_n 162_o narva_n 166_o ossenbrigh_n 84_o rhiga_fw-la 166_o statin_a 141½_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n whereto_o i_o have_v add_v the_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o the_o adjoin_a eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n chap._n ccxv_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n to_o conclude_v the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n drive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o great_a their_o country_n partly_o not_o afford_v commodity_n for_o merchandise_n and_o their_o sea_n i_o mean_v principal_o the_o baltic_a not_o be_v for_o many_o month_n in_o the_o year_n navigable_a for_o frost_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v frugal_a in_o food_n and_o apparel_n and_o therefore_o not_o much_o addict_v either_o to_o silk_n or_o spice_n and_o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o other_o nation_n through_o the_o sound_n that_o furnish_v they_o with_o all_o necessary_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n less_o desirous_a to_o sail_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v the_o same_o at_o the_o first_o hand_n stockfish_n and_o other_o salt_v fish_n they_o send_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o so_o also_o they_o do_v their_o ox_n and_o cattle_n in_o great_a quantity_n beside_o the_o commodity_n which_o the_o country_n do_v natural_o afford_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o country_n description_n neither_o have_v i_o hear_v any_o great_a fame_n of_o their_o navigation_n or_o mariner_n which_o principal_o sail_v northward_o and_o little_a to_o the_o southward_n though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o next_o to_o the_o english_a their_o vessel_n be_v the_o strong_a build_v to_o endure_v the_o blast_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n and_o the_o scorching_n of_o the_o warm_a region_n yet_o of_o late_a day_n i_o have_v understand_v they_o have_v undertake_v some_o new_a discovery_n and_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n
make_v a_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n and_o 12_o denier_n or_o pence_n make_v a_o soldo_n or_o shilling_n the_o same_o rule_n also_o hold_v in_o those_o place_n who_o great_a money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o feign_a or_o who_o keep_v not_o this_o orderly_a succession_n as_o be_v the_o ducat_n of_o catalonia_n of_o castilia_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o pertugal_n also_o those_o crown_n who_o have_v no_o proper_a part_n also_o the_o ducatoon_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o and_o the_o florm_n in_o germany_n all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o ought_v to_o succeed_v in_o 20_o and_o 12_o that_o be_v in_o sold_n and_o den._n or_o shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o each_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o property_n of_o that_o country_n and_o as_o shall_v be_v signify_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o that_o place_n among_o which_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v common_o resolve_v by_o the_o more_o principal_a of_o their_o own_o money_n as_o the_o exchange_n of_o sicily_n with_o catalonia_n castilia_n portugal_n brabant_n and_o england_n and_o howsoever_o they_o make_v their_o exchange_n either_o by_o the_o sicilian_a florin_n or_o by_o the_o ducat_n notwithstanding_o the_o parcel_n be_v resolve_v in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n which_o be_v thorough_o declare_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n and_o last_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n and_o day_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v in_o many_o country_n to_o differ_v in_o length_n of_o time_n and_o be_v limit_v of_o divers_a day_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n â—…sing_v and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n have_v a_o course_n set_v by_o a_o continual_a meeting_n of_o exchanger_n and_o their_o opinion_n in_o equality_n of_o value_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o needful_a circumstance_n of_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o learn_v where_o also_o he_o shall_v find_v at_o large_a how_o most_o of_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o reckon_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o table_n themselves_o as_o i_o find_v they_o calculate_v by_o the_o say_v geo_n bapt._n zuletta_n and_o other_o follow_v he_o chap._n cclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n a_o place_n of_o fair_n or_o fiera_n of_o exchange_n in_o italy_n placentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n this_o town_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o fair_a or_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o not_o as_o a_o city_n of_o trafficle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o esteem_n make_v of_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n but_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_v which_o be_v crown_n of_o mark_n in_o which_o money_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v only_o treat_v and_o account_v in_o and_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v by_o crown_n sell_v and_o denier_n of_o mark._n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o other_o place_n be_v either_o crown_v one_o or_o crown_n one_o hundred_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o 96¾_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 67._o 10_o sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 134._o 9_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 109½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 135½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 135_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29_o carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 128_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o 81½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 6_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 4_o den._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 482_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 1_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_n 1_o 118¾_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 103½_n quarentins_n in_o the_o 382._o chapter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v how_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v chap._n cclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n paris_n and_o roven_n in_o france_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n etc._n etc._n in_o lion_n paris_n roven_n and_o through_o all_o france_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n denier_n and_o turnois_n and_o they_o here_o do_v exchange_n in_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o denier_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o france_n a_o frank_n and_o 3_o livre_n or_o frank_n be_v account_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o standard_n of_o the_o country_n pass_v at_o 58_o sol._n of_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o number_n either_o one_o crown_n or_o one_o hundred_o crown_n of_o the_o sol._n lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o placentia_n crown_n 100_o for_o 103½_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 66½_n sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 115_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n duc._n bank_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 106½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_n 100_o 117½_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 124_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 122½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 123_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n antw_n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 96_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o den._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 436_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 485_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 119â…•_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 104_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 302._o and_o so_o follow_v of_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n chap._n cclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n rome_n the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o rome_n the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n julios_fw-la bacochs_n and_o quatrin_n and_o they_o exchange_n in_o ducat_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o camera_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o abovesard_n money_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o 100_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v 10_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 40_o quatrin_n and_o the_o bacoch_n be_v 4_o quatrin_n the_o ducat_n of_o camera_n according_a to_o the_o old_a value_n be_v worth_a 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n be_v 102½_n crown_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n the_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n except_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o sicilia_n bologna_n and_o bergamo_n and_o to_o all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o a_o 100_o ducat_n rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 97¾_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 97½_n 100_o crown_n genoa_n ducat_n 97â…›_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 97¼_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n ducat_n 85â…“_n 100_o ducat_n florence_z ducat_n 91¾_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 84_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 135_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 134â…”_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 134½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 15_o tarin_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 17_o tarin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 125_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 87½_n d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 24_o 2_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o denier_n barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o denier_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 440_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 482_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n 326._o and_o so_o follow_v chap._n cclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liguria_n genova_n the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n in_o genova_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n and_o they_o exchange_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v it_o that_o be_v the_o common_a in_o use_n of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a sol._n 90._o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v worth_n less_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v imaginary_a and_o value_v according_a as_o the_o fair_n of_o exchange_n permit_v of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a 68_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o
handle_v the_o way_n and_o method_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v with_o such_o other_o principal_a place_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n and_o as_o a_o guide_n to_o rule_v that_o which_o be_v here_o omit_v antwerp_n account_n keep_v in_o antwerp_n and_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v what_o shall_v ensue_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o antwerp_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n flemish_a or_o gross_a which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n or_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n or_o gross_a make_v shilling_n chap._n ccccxxxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr to_o have_v in_o lion_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n of_o 3_o l._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 3486._o 1._o 9_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n must_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gross_v multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 1_o sol._n and_o 9_o penny_n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v by_o 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr the_o sum_n of_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v of_o the_o say_a liver_n reduce_v both_o they_o and_o other_o into_o three_o of_o gross_v and_o of_o the_o division_n will_v come_v crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crow_n 6895._o 11._o 1._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n deliver_v in_o antwerp_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n do_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la gros_n 124½_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n one_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 363._o 10._o 3._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o placentia_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gros_n multiply_v the_o sum_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o s._n and_o 3_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v the_o gross_v that_o come_v thereof_o by_o the_o say_v gros_n 124½_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n bring_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o into_o half_n gross_v and_o by_o division_n it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o penny_n and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 700._o 14._o 11_o of_o mark_n which_o will_v be_v due_a at_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n or_o pound_n in_o gross_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o placentia_n shall_v exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxviii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n anntwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 112½_n gross_a to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n do_v they_o make_v and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v crow_n 1400._o 12._o 7._o of_o gold_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o florence_n for_o the_o say_a pound_n flemish_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o florence_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxix_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 92½_n gross_v to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 1468_o 14_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 3810_o 17_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n will_v be_v due_a in_o venice_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o venice_n shall_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxl._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la shilling_n 33⅓_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o pound_n sterling_a i_o demand_v for_o l._n 748_o 18_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o pound_n sterling_a shall_v i_o have_v in_o london_n first_o reduce_v as_o well_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a as_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n into_o grosse_n and_o pence_n multiply_v the_o pound_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v the_o shilling_n 18_o 6_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a and_o the_o shilling_n flemish_a 33⅓_n multiply_v by_o 12_o add_v 4_o gross_a for_o ⅓_n of_o a_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o the_o gross_a which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o must_v be_v take_v for_o divisor_n against_o the_o sum_n of_o gross_v come_v of_o the_o say_a pound_n and_o divide_v the_o sum_n will_v come_v pound_n sterling_a multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o shilling_n and_o penny_n sterling_a they_o will_v make_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o due_a in_o london_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n 748_o 18_o 6._o proof_n proof_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o say_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o by_o 1_o l._n 13_o shilling_n 4_o d._n with_o the_o say_a 33⅓_n shilling_n and_o it_o will_v make_v the_o abovesaid_a l._n 748_o 18_o 5_o pound_n flemish_n so_o that_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v just_o cast_v up_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v here_o of_o exchange_n now_o to_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxli_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n observe_v in_o antwerp_n and_o to_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o other_o city_n be_v to_o venice_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o two_o month_n after_o date_n and_o back_o the_o same_o to_o genoa_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o the_o same_o to_o avignon_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 50_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n one_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o back_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n to_o london_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n 20_o day_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o succeed_a fair._n to_o placentia_n for_o the_o next_o succeed_a fair._n to_o roven_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o now_o for_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v in_o antwerp_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v a_o word_n also_o according_a to_o my_o method_n chap._n ccccxlii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v say_v i_o will_v insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o the_o city_n of_o antwerp_n example_n 1_o example_n at_o venice_n then_o be_v find_v a_o exchange_n for_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la at_o gross_n 90_o and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135_o order_n be_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v to_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n i_o demand_v at_o how_o much_o will_v come_v the_o remittance_n from_o antwerp_n to_o placentia_n first_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v ducat_n 135_o the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n at_o the_o say_a
manner_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n who_o notwithstanding_o shall_v be_v sure_a in_o the_o end_n to_o have_v the_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o prevent_v not_o such_o unthrifty_a course_n as_o do_v impoverish_v his_o subject_n chap._n viii_o the_o enhance_a or_o debase_v our_o money_n can_v enrich_v the_o kingdom_n with_o treasure_n nor_o hinder_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v common_o alter_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o coin_n in_o their_o several_a denomination_n be_v make_v currant_n at_o more_o or_o less_o pound_n shilling_n or_o penny_n than_o former_o the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v alter_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o yet_o continue_v currant_n at_o the_o former_a rate_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o standard_n be_v either_o debase_v or_o enrich_v in_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o the_o money_n continue_v in_o their_o former_a value_v in_o all_o occasion_n of_o want_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o do_v ever_o find_v divers_a man_n who_o use_v their_o wit_n for_o a_o remedy_n to_o supply_v the_o first_o and_o preserve_v the_o last_o they_o fall_v present_o upon_o alter_v the_o money_n for_o say_v they_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o value_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n from_o divers_a place_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o the_o debase_v of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o fineness_n or_o weight_n will_v keep_v it_o here_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o these_o man_n please_v themselves_o with_o the_o begin_n only_o of_o this_o weighty_a business_n consider_v not_o the_o progress_n and_o end_n thereof_o whereunto_o we_o ought_v especial_o to_o direct_v our_o thought_n and_o endeavour_n spain_n a_o notable_a service_n for_o spain_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o money_n be_v not_o only_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o our_o foreign_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v just_a and_o constant_a to_o avoid_v those_o confusion_n which_o ever_o accompany_v such_o alteration_n for_o first_o at_o home_o if_o the_o common_a measure_n be_v change_v our_o land_n lease_n ware_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a must_v alter_v in_o proportion_n and_o although_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o much_o trouble_n and_o damage_n also_o to_o some_o man_n yet_o in_o short_a time_n this_o must_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o denomination_n of_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n which_o be_v respect_v but_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o our_o coin_n unto_o which_o we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o add_v any_o further_a estimation_n or_o worth_n if_o it_o lay_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v it_o for_o this_o will_v be_v a_o special_a service_n to_o spain_n and_o a_o act_n against_o ourselves_o to_o endear_v the_o commodity_n of_o another_o prince_n mean_n money_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o our_o other_o mean_n neither_o can_v these_o course_n which_o so_o much_o hurt_v the_o subject_n any_o way_n help_v the_o king_n as_o some_o man_n have_v imagine_v for_o although_o the_o debase_v or_o lightning_n of_o all_o our_o money_n shall_v bring_v a_o present_a benefit_n for_o once_o only_o to_o the_o mint_n yet_o all_o this_o and_o more_o will_v soon_o be_v lose_v again_o in_o the_o future_a great_a incom_n of_o his_o majesty_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o must_v be_v pay_v yearly_o with_o money_n of_o less_o intrinsic_a value_n than_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o whole_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n they_o differ_v infinite_o for_o all_o man_n estate_n be_v it_o lease_n land_n debt_n ware_n or_o money_n must_v suffer_v in_o their_o proportion_n whereas_o his_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o gain_n only_o upon_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n as_o may_v be_v new_o coin_v which_o in_o comparison_n will_v prove_v a_o very_a small_a matter_n pound_n all_o the_o ready_a money_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v esteem_v at_o little_a more_o than_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n for_o although_o they_o who_o have_v other_o estate_n in_o money_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a number_n and_o to_o be_v worth_a five_o or_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la man_n more_o or_o less_o which_o amount_v to_o many_o million_o in_o all_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o possess_v thereof_o all_o together_o or_o at_o once_o for_o it_o be_v vanity_n and_o against_o their_o profit_n to_o keep_v continual_o in_o their_o hand_n above_o forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n in_o a_o family_n to_o defray_v necessary_a charge_n the_o rest_n must_v ever_o run_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n for_o their_o benefit_n whereby_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o a_o little_a money_n be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n do_v rule_n and_o distribute_v great_a matter_n daily_o to_o all_o man_n in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o we_o must_v know_v likewise_o that_o much_o of_o our_o old_a money_n be_v wear_v light_n and_o therefore_o will_v yield_v little_a or_o no_o profit_n at_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o gain_n upon_o the_o heavy_a will_v cause_v our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n to_o carry_v over_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o and_o return_v it_o present_o in_o piece_n of_o the_o new_a stamp_n nor_o do_v we_o doubt_v that_o some_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n will_v turn_v coiner_n and_o venture_v a_o hang_n for_o this_o profit_n so_o that_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o end_n shall_v get_v little_a by_o such_o alteration_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n if_o his_o majesty_n raise_v the_o money_n great_a store_n of_o treasure_n will_v also_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mint_n from_o foreign_a part_n for_o we_o have_v see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o late_a raise_n of_o our_o gold_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v bring_v in_o great_a store_n thereof_o more_o than_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o which_o as_o i_o can_v deny_v so_o do_v i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o this_o gold_n carry_v away_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o silver_n which_o be_v not_o overworn_a or_o too_o light_a as_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v by_o the_o present_a use_n of_o our_o money_n in_o their_o respective_a quality_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o change_n be_v because_o our_o silver_n be_v not_o raise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o gold_n which_o still_o give_v advantage_n to_o the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v yearly_o gain_n by_o trade_n in_o gold_n rather_o than_o in_o silver_n second_o if_o we_o be_v inconstant_a in_o our_o coin_n and_o and_o thereby_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o foreign_a commerce_n other_o prince_n be_v vigilant_a in_o these_o case_n to_o alter_v present_o in_o proportion_n with_o we_o and_o then_o where_o be_v our_o hope_n or_o if_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v what_o can_v we_o hope_v for_o for_o if_o the_o stranger-merchant_n bring_v in_o his_o ware_n and_o find_v that_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v shall_v not_o he_o likewise_o keep_v his_o commodity_n until_o he_o may_v sell_v they_o dear_a and_o shall_v not_o the_o price_n of_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n with_o foreign_a country_n rise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v undoubted_o true_a why_o may_v not_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o and_o to_o as_o much_o profit_n after_o the_o raise_n thereof_o as_o before_o the_o alteration_n but_o peradventure_o some_o man_n will_v yet_o say_v that_o if_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v and_o other_o country_n raise_v not_o it_o will_v cause_v more_o bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o than_o heretofore_o if_o this_o be_v do_v it_o must_v be_v perform_v either_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o have_v export_v ware_n or_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o intend_v to_o buy_v off_o our_o commodity_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v have_v more_o advantage_n or_o benefit_n by_o this_o art_n now_o than_o they_o may_v have_v have_v before_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o mony_n for_o if_o their_o say_a bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o former_o in_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n yet_o what_o shall_v they_o get_v by_o that_o when_o these_o money_n be_v base_a or_o light_a and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v rise_v in_o proportion_n so_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o these_o innovation_n be_v no_o good_a mean_n to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o yet_o to_o keep_v it_o here_o when_o we_o have_v it_o chap._n ix_o a_o toleration_n for_o foreign_a coin_n to_o pass_v currant_n
11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o lion_n 11_o 3½_n another_o piece_n with_o a_o castle_n 11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o pillar_n and_o a_o castle_n 11_o 3_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n of_o earl_n of_o swarborrow_n 11_o 4_o a_o spanish_a ryal_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o spanish_a ryal_n 9_o  _fw-fr other_o foreign_a coin_n a_o french_a testoon_n with_o 3_o flower-de-luce_n and_o 2_o h._n with_o crown_n over_o they_o and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 15½_n another_o testoon_n with_o a_o flower-de-luce_n and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 2_o another_o testoon_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o h._n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o a_o face_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 10_o 1_o a_o french_a piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v a_o half_a crown_n with_o a_o picture_n of_o a_o king_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o arm_n with_o 2_o lion_n 6_o flower-de-luces_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n crown_v and_o 2_o e._n on_o either_o side_n the_o arm_n date_v 1682._o 10_o  _fw-fr also_o new_a french_a money_n with_o three_o flower-de-luces_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n and_o a_o cross_n with_o flower-de-luces_n on_o the_o end_n 10_o 18_o a_o french_a soul_n 3_o 5½_n a_o piece_n of_o portugal_n money_n be_v a_o crusade_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o arm_n of_o portugal_n on_o the_o other_o 11_o 1_o plate_n make_v in_o lion_n in_o france_n mark_v with_o a_o lion_n head_n 11_o 4_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 2_o a_o mustecego_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o marsello_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o bagatin_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 12_o a_o piece_n of_o bologna_n money_n 9_o 16_o a_o piece_n of_o french_a money_n call_v a_o florin_n 11_o 2_o a_o penny_n of_o france_n 4_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o france_n 10_o 16_o a_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 7_o 15_o another_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 8_o  _fw-fr other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 4_o 18_o other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 3_o 4_o a_o snaphen_n of_o cleve_n 7_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o deventer_n 8_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o campen_n 8â…“_n  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o milan_n 11_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o ravenna_n 11_o 10_o a_o slaper_n of_o ferrara_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o sien_n 10_o 2_o a_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 7_o 5_o a_o cornebot_n of_o monferrat_n 6_o 6_o another_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 11_o 8_o a_o slaper_n of_o bourn_n 11_o 0_o a_o slaper_n of_o portugal_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o foboria_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o baden_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o wirtenberg_n 10_o 16_o a_o slaper_n of_o lorain_n 10_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o savoy_n 7_o 12_o a_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n 5_o 6_o a_o slaper_n of_o salusen_n 6_o 10_o another_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr a_o cornbot_n of_o salusen_n 7_o 4_o a_o slaper_n of_o three_o alonson_n 6_o 6_o targe_n of_o piedmont_n 6_o 10_o stick_n of_o salen_n 6_o 6_o of_o old_a english_a money_n and_o edward_n pence_n of_o 20_o to_o the_o ounce_n civitas_n london_n 11_o 2_o civitas_n chester_n 10_o 17½_n civitas_n kingston_n 10_o 18_o villa_n st._n edmondsbury_n 10_o 13_o civitas_n barwick_n 10_o 18_o civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o 1½_n civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o  _fw-fr civitas_n canterbury_n 10_o 18_o canterbury_n civitas_n 11_o 1_o henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2½_n henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2_o a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n 3d._n 10_o 19¼_n a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n four_o 10_o 19½_n a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 10_o 18¼_n a_o old_a henry_n groat_n with_o a_o long_a face_n and_o long_a hair_n 10_o 19¼_n a_o gun-hole_n groat_n hen._n 8_o 9_o  _fw-fr the_o first_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 8_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 6_o  _fw-fr a_o sixpence_n of_o king_n edw._n 6_o 10_o 19½_n a_o sixpence_n of_o p._n and_o mary_n 10_o 18_o a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 11_o 1½_n the_o first_o harp_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 4_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o harp_n groat_n 6_o 19_o a_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 5_o 19_o a_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 1½_n another_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 16_o a_o penny_n of_o genoa_n 10_o 3_o carolus_n of_o burgundy_n 10_o  _fw-fr money_n of_o anglesey_n 6_o  _fw-fr a_o penny_n of_o camarien_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o groat_n of_o poland_n 9_o  _fw-fr of_o the_o carot_n weight_n use_v only_o for_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n this_o be_v a_o weight_n bring_v from_o the_o venetian_n and_o derive_v from_o the_o indian_n or_o moor_n call_v mangear_n or_o fanan_n which_o be_v a_o weight_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o this_o call_v a_o carot-weight_n whereof_o 150_o carot_n in_o weight_n do_v make_v one_o ounce_n troy_n this_o carot_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 64_o carot_n 32_o carot_n 16_o carot_n 8_o carot_n 4_o carot_n 2_o carot_n 1_o carot_n ½_n carot_n ¼_n carot_n â—_o carot_n â—_o carot_n the_o weight_n use_v in_o india_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n by_o be_v call_v mangeluy_fw-fr or_o mangear_n about_o 5_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o weigh_v two_o tarr_n â…“_n which_o be_v â…”_n part_n of_o 1_o carot_n be_v 4_o grain_n and_o 4_o tarr_n weight_n a_o fanan_n which_o be_v also_o a_o weight_n somewhat_o above_o 2_o of_o our_o carot_n for_o 11_o fanans_n and_o ¼_n be_v one_o mitigal_a and_o 6_o mitigal_n and_o ½_n do_v make_v 1_o ounce_n a_o fanan_n also_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o money_n which_o be_v in_o value_n 1_o ryal_n of_o spain_n now_o follow_v the_o rule_n in_o proportion_n how_o to_o value_v the_o true_a rate_n of_o a_o diamond_n or_o any_o other_o stone_n valuable_a as_o merchant_n of_o skill_n do_v use_v to_o value_v they_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o diamond_n be_v as_o chief_a of_o all_o precious_a stone_n be_v sell_v by_o weight_n from_o merchant_n to_o merchant_n call_v by_o the_o english_a german_a and_o venetian_a a_o carot_n weight_n as_o before_o be_v rehearse_v the_o diamond_n have_v a_o very_a certain_a thickness_n whereby_o it_o be_v certain_o wrought_v out_o and_o polish_v upon_o the_o mill_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v too_o thick_a nor_o too_o thin_a for_o than_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v his_o tent_n but_o must_v have_v his_o just_a proportion_n of_o thickness_n to_o bear_v his_o tent_n or_o else_o to_o be_v set_v on_o velvet_n as_o a_o thin_a stone_n the_o proportion_n be_v that_o the_o two_o square_n on_o the_o side_n must_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v no_o broad_a than_o that_o three_o of_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o will_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o in_o depth_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n and_o the_o square_n call_v bizils_n must_v stand_v close_o with_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o ring_n or_o collet_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v be_v of_o the_o whole_a depth_n and_o somewhat_o long_o than_o square_a and_o yet_o no_o more_o than_o that_o it_o may_v be_v guert_v which_o be_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n thereof_o also_o it_o must_v be_v without_o any_o fault_n both_o in_o corner_n or_o side_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n sharp_a and_o clean_o cut_v without_o any_o naytness_n and_o of_o a_o good_a water-crystalline_a and_o shine_v clear_a not_o yellow_a or_o brown_a bluish_a or_o blackish_a but_o clear_a and_o clean_o in_o all_o perfection_n then_o we_o may_v say_v a_o diamond_n thus_o perfect_a weigh_v one_o carot_n be_v worth_a 50_o ducat_n but_o now_o much_o alter_v from_o that_o value_n to_o double_v the_o same_o as_o a_o diamond_n of_o that_o perfection_n before_o speak_v of_o weigh_v 1_o carot_n be_v worth_a 30_o 35_o or_o 40_o lib._n sterling_n but_o a_o diamond_n not_o so_o perfect_a though_o a_o good_a stone_n clean_o and_o want_v a_o corner_n be_v in_o estimation_n less_o worth_a by_o 10_o ducat_n or_o according_a to_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o buyer_n note_v also_o that_o some_o diamond_n be_v not_o worth_a pass_v 34_o 35_o or_o 36_o dollar_n a_o carot_n which_o be_v likewise_o buy_v by_o the_o merchant_n as_o the_o humour_n lead_v he_o but_o when_o you_o will_v value_v a_o diamond_n you_o must_v look_v effectual_o of_o what_o water_n and_o fashion_v it_o be_v as_o the_o best_a proportion_n be_v either_o the_o square_a table_n or_o point_a then_o if_o it_o have_v all_o his_o depth_n call_v in_o art_n full-ground_n which_o be_v soon_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n unset_v and_o easy_o discern_v in_o one_o set_v in_o a_o ring_n or_o jewel_n for_o be_v a_o full-ground_n stone_n it_o stand_v upon_o his_o
allowance_n to_o rectify_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o equality_n and_o true_a value_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v true_o see_v practise_v where_o a_o course_n of_o quiet_a traffic_n be_v settle_v between_o two_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n continue_v in_o amity_n and_o firm_a peace_n together_o but_o where_o prince_n either_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o war_n or_o accidental_a great_a disbursement_n have_v occasion_n or_o do_v use_v to_o inhanse_v the_o current_a rate_n of_o their_o money_n in_o their_o payment_n or_o decry_v they_o in_o the_o receipt_n and_o that_o money_n by_o that_o either_o casual_a or_o constant_a course_n become_v either_o more_o plentiful_a or_o more_o scarce_o than_o ordinary_a than_o these_o rule_n of_o parity_n hold_v not_o so_o just_o prince_n the_o exchanger_n rectifi_v the_o disorder_n of_o mint_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o prince_n yet_o ever_o so_o as_o have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o predominant_a power_n over_o the_o sudden_a affair_n of_o prince_n in_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o with_o all_o expedition_n possible_a rectify_v by_o a_o common_a knowledge_n and_o consent_n of_o exchange_n and_o banker_n the_o error_n or_o necessity_n of_o prince_n and_o their_o mint_n who_o indeed_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o all_o coin_n and_o money_n so_o that_o though_o the_o exchanger_n be_v not_o call_v to_o the_o prince_n counsel_n nor_o yet_o admit_v to_o give_v his_o opinion_n and_o verdict_n either_o in_o his_o mint_n or_o in_o the_o allay_n of_o his_o current_a money_n nor_o yet_o to_o his_o proclamation_n and_o decree_n in_o the_o settle_n or_o rectify_v of_o the_o goodness_n or_o current_n value_v thereof_o yet_o the_o overrule_a part_n or_o balance_n be_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o order_n by_o a_o invisible_a mystery_n of_o a_o visible_a exchange_n the_o allay_n value_n debasement_n or_o inhansement_n thereof_o with_o the_o allowance_n circumstance_n place_n and_o time_n be_v right_o consider_v such_o as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o country_n the_o plenty_n or_o scarcicy_n of_o money_n or_o other_o such_o like_a accident_n may_v admit_v regulate_v by_o this_o mean_n tacit_o in_o his_o closet_n the_o disorder_n commit_v by_o mint_n and_o the_o oversight_n which_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o prince_n necessity_n plunge_v they_o in_o and_o thus_o erect_v to_o himself_o and_o other_o of_o his_o profession_n a_o certain_a rule_n and_o public_a balance_n that_o shall_v serve_v as_o a_o equal_a parr_n and_o standard_n of_o all_o prince_n coin_n whatsoever_o thereby_o as_o with_o a_o touchstone_n take_v the_o true_a valuation_n thereof_o distinguish_v still_o the_o fineness_n and_o coursness_n according_a to_o the_o true_a worth_n and_o real_a goodness_n alter_v and_o change_v the_o price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o as_o time_n place_n and_o occasion_n may_v admit_v and_o give_v consent_n thereunto_o exchange_n how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parr_n of_o exchange_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o i_o shall_v show_v this_o true_a parr_n of_o exchange_n and_o howit_n may_v be_v find_v out_o and_o discern_v in_o all_o exchange_n experience_n have_v make_v it_o evident_a to_o all_o the_o learned_a in_o this_o art_n that_o the_o true_a royal_a exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v fair_o and_o substantial_o ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a country_n according_a to_o the_o parr_n which_o by_o banker_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n as_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v see_v in_o our_o exchange_n in_o england_n which_o have_v its_o ground_n upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a english_a money_n the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o each_o other_o country_n according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n proportionable_a in_o the_o valuation_n be_v true_o and_o just_o make_v give_v also_o thereby_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n in_o and_o for_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o money_n and_o by_o which_o all_o exchange_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v in_o themselves_o frame_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v but_o beside_o this_o real_a parr_n of_o exchange_n there_o be_v also_o a_o merchant_n parr_n which_o in_o due_a place_n i_o shall_v declare_v these_o exchange_n then_o in_o the_o general_a property_n thereof_o do_v much_o differ_v both_o in_o the_o name_n and_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o the_o silver_n observe_v in_o most_o country_n and_o that_o to_o set_v down_o the_o parr_n of_o exchange_n exact_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o our_o own_o weight_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a with_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o country_n but_o also_o the_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a standard_n with_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o several_a standard_n of_o the_o coîn_n of_o other_o country_n and_o if_o we_o be_v find_v not_o to_o differ_v with_o they_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o hereby_o shall_v we_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n of_o our_o pound_n sterling_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n germany_n low-countries_n eastland_n and_o elsewhere_o we_o be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o we_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n doller_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o imaginary_a or_o real_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_n and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o be_v call_v by_o exchanger_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o parr_n the_o which_o shall_v in_o all_o exchange_n be_v so_o particular_o know_v and_o consider_v that_o as_o money_n be_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n between_o man_n and_o man_n so_o shall_v exchange_n thus_o make_v for_o these_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a country_n for_o all_o commodity_n either_o buy_v or_o sell_v which_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v a_o certainty_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o parr_n aforesaid_a admit_v nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o advantage_n upon_o the_o farne_n upon_o good_a ground_n and_o just_a occasion_n on_o either_o side_n exchanger_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n but_o as_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v at_o this_o day_n see_v to_o be_v at_o the_o only_a and_o sole_a disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n and_o merchant_n and_o that_o the_o same_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o predominancy_n in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v observe_v especial_o beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o ought_v they_o careful_o and_o circumspect_o to_o consider_v the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o and_o not_o only_o look_v upon_o the_o present_a object_n which_o be_v to_o know_v how_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n go_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o deal_v therewith_o but_o also_o true_o to_o consider_v the_o reality_n of_o this_o parr_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o it_o self_n real_o find_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v both_o here_o in_o england_n and_o abroad_o elsewhere_o beyond_o sea_n that_o those_o who_o altogether_o do_v practice_v this_o exchange_v and_o deal_v for_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v this_o observation_n therein_o for_o they_o be_v exchanger_n indeed_o know_v perfect_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n both_o of_o our_o english_a and_o of_o foreign_a coin_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o together_o make_v thereby_o to_o themselves_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o the_o parr_n aforesaid_a wherein_o they_o be_v not_o direct_v by_o the_o current_a valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v often_o see_v to_o be_v inconstant_a and_o uncertain_a nor_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n go_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o place_n current_a above_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o mysterious_a part_n that_o be_v include_v in_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v which_o the_o merchant_n ought_v considerate_o to_o learn_v and_o distinguish_v and_o conclude_v here_o all_o further_a observation_n and_o circumstance_n practise_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n among_o merchant_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o what_o be_v here_o purposely_o omit_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o i_o have_v insert_v what_o i_o have_v conceive_v to_o be_v further_a needful_a hereunto_o the_o office_n of_o garble_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o do_v first_o give_v the_o office_n of_o garble_v all_o
the_o five_o arguer_n the_o six_o be_v alcase_a near_o to_o which_o the_o three_o king_n sebastian_z of_o portugal_n mahomet_n of_o fez_n and_o abdelmelech_n of_o morocco_n competitor_n for_o this_o kingdom_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o day_n together_o with_o many_o other_o of_o eminent_a quality_n and_o stuckley_n that_o famous_a infamous_a english_a rebel_n in_o an._n 1578._o and_o seven_o fez_n the_o metropolis_n which_o for_o its_o greatness_n merit_v a_o more_o serious_a consideration_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o city_n fez_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o city_n of_o fez_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o city_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o fez_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n as_o writer_n record_v that_o be_v find_v in_o dig_v the_o foundation_n thereof_o it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o goodly_a building_n both_o public_a and_o private_a it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n sabu_n into_o three_o part_n contain_v in_o all_o 82000_o household_n have_v 700_o mosch_n or_o temple_n 50_o of_o they_o be_v adorn_v with_o pillar_n of_o alabaster_n and_o jasper_n and_o one_o seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n call_v carucen_n be_v the_o most_o sumptuous_a contain_v a_o mile_n in_o compass_n in_o breadth_n cantain_v 17_o arch_n in_o length_n 120_o and_o bear_v up_o by_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o white_a marble_n pillar_n under_o the_o chief_a arch_n where_o the_o tribunal_n be_v keep_v hang_v a_o most_o huge_a lamp_n of_o silver_n encompass_v with_o 110_o lesser_a under_o every_o the_o other_o arch_n hang_v also_o very_o great_a lamp_n in_o each_o of_o which_o burn_v 150_o light_n it_o have_v 31_o gate_n great_a and_o high_a the_o roof_n be_v 150_o yard_n long_o and_o 80_o yard_n broad_a and_o round_o about_o be_v divers_a porch_n contain_v 40_o yard_n in_o length_n and_o 30_o in_o breadth_n under_o which_o be_v the_o public_a storehouse_n of_o the_o town_n about_o the_o wall_n be_v pulpit_n of_o divers_a sort_n wherein_o the_o master_n of_o their_o law_n read_v to_o the_o people_n such_o thing_n as_o they_o imagine_v appertain_v to_o their_o salvation_n the_o revenue_n thereof_o in_o anno_fw-la 1526_o be_v 200_o ducat_n a_o day_n of_o old_a rent_n account_v 100_o l._n sterling_a until_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o many_o merchant_n of_o divers_a nation_n resort_v hither_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o public_a meeting-place_n for_o their_o commerce_n and_o lodging_n for_o their_o residence_n be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o court_n or_o exchange_n enclose_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n with_o 12_o gate_n and_o limit_v with_o 15_o street_n for_o several_a nation_n to_o meet_v for_o their_o business_n and_o for_o the_o lay_n up_o of_o their_o commodity_n and_o every_o night_n for_o security_n of_o their_o good_n and_o person_n the_o same_o be_v keep_v guard_v at_o the_o city_n charge_n resemble_v the_o besisten_v or_o cane_n now_o in_o use_n in_o turkey_n and_o other_o southern_a country_n there_o be_v here_o also_o divers_a college_n where_o the_o science_n be_v teach_v among_o which_o madorac_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o account_v for_o one_o of_o the_o excellent_a piece_n for_o workmanship_n in_o all_o barbary_n it_o have_v three_o cloister_n of_o admirable_a beauty_n support_v with_o eight_o square_n pillar_n of_o divers_a colour_n the_o roof_n curious_o carve_v and_o the_o arch_n of_o mosaique_n of_o gold_n and_o azure_a the_o gate_n be_v of_o brass_n fair_a wrought_v and_o the_o door_n of_o the_o private_a chamber_n of_o in-laid_a work_n it_o be_v record_v that_o this_o college_n do_v cost_v the_o founder_n king_n abuchenen_n 480_o thousand_o sultany_n in_o gold_n which_o be_v in_o english_a money_n 192_o thousand_o pound_n which_o will_v hardly_o in_o these_o day_n be_v it_o now_o to_o be_v build_v perform_v the_o twenty_o part_n thereof_o and_o this_o be_v not_o above_o 150_o year_n past_a and_o about_o that_o time_n henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n do_v build_v that_o sumptuous_a chapel_n in_o westminster_n which_o as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v do_v in_o those_o day_n coâ—_n 7448_o l._n and_o let_v it_o be_v judge_v by_o artist_n how_o much_o more_o will_v build_v the_o fellow_n of_o it_o in_o these_o our_o day_n they_o have_v also_o here_o for_o the_o commodity_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o citizen_n 600_o conduit_n from_o whence_o almost_o every_o house_n be_v serve_v with_o water_n beside_o what_o go_v to_o their_o religious_a use_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o their_o temple_n and_o mosch_n but_o i_o have_v stay_v too_o long_o in_o survey_v this_o city_n i_o will_v now_o see_v what_o commodity_n and_o merchandise_n this_o kingdom_n afford_v fez_n commodity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n the_o commodity_n find_v in_o general_a as_o well_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n as_o of_o morocco_n and_o find_v transportable_a for_o merchandise_n be_v fruit_n of_o all_o kind_n such_o as_o be_v principal_o of_o date_n almond_n fig_n raisin_n olive_n also_o honey_n wax_n gold_n and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o hide_n and_o skin_n especial_o that_o excellent_a sort_n of_o cordovant_n from_o this_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n call_v maroquins_n famous_v throughout_o spain_n france_n and_o italy_n also_o corn_n horse_n wool_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v observe_v of_o late_a day_n to_o make_v some_o cloth_n here_o be_v find_v also_o for_o merchandise_n fabricate_v here_o some_o sort_n of_o stuff_n of_o silk_n as_o satin_n taffeta_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o linen_n much_o in_o use_n in_o this_o country_n make_v partly_o of_o cotton_n and_o partly_o of_o flax_n and_o divers_a other_o commodity_n morocco_n money_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o general_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n be_v the_o xeriff_n or_o ducat_n in_o gold_n derive_v the_o name_n thereof_o from_o the_o xeriff_n who_o within_o these_o few_o year_n make_v conquest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n under_o pretext_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o be_v account_v to_o be_v about_o ten_o shilling_n sterling_a money_n divide_v into_o 8_o part_n and_o esteem_v â…›_n each_o part_n which_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n in_o 15_o d._n sterling_a morocco_n account_n in_o fez_n and_o morocco_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o these_o place_n by_o ducat_n or_o old_a xeriff_n now_o almost_o out_o of_o use_n divide_v into_o 8_o part_n account_v in_o common_a value_n but_o 12_o d._n every_o â…›_n though_o worth_n more_o as_o above_o be_v declare_v fez_n weight_n in_o fez_n their_o weight_n here_o be_v two_o one_o use_v in_o all_o ordinary_a commodity_n which_o be_v the_o rorolo_n contain_v ounce_n or_o dram_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o observation_n that_o the_o 100_o l._n averdupois_n london_n have_v make_v here_o 64_o rotolos_n and_o 100_o rotolos_n be_v here_o a_o cantar_n the_o second_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o mitigal_a use_v in_o the_o weigh_v of_o silver_n gold_n pearl_n musk_n and_o the_o like_a agree_v with_o the_o mitigal_a use_v in_o argier_n and_o tunis_n speak_v of_o before_o fez_n measure_n in_o fez_n the_o common_a measure_n for_o length_n be_v here_o the_o covado_n 12_o whereof_o be_v account_v to_o a_o cane_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o barbary_n merchant_n hither_o trade_v that_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n make_v here_o about_o 181_o or_o 182_o covadoe_n morocco_n custom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n the_o custom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n be_v pay_v at_o the_o entrance_n thereinto_o as_o be_v likewise_o due_a at_o the_o entrance_n of_o any_o other_o the_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o be_v by_o the_o subject_n native_n upon_o all_o commodity_n pay_v two_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o by_o all_o stranger_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o collect_v for_o what_o be_v sell_v or_o land_v without_o leave_n for_o exportation_n again_o if_o once_o land_v which_o cause_v divers_a of_o our_o merchant_n bind_v for_o those_o part_n to_o make_v their_o ship_n their_o shop_n and_o consequent_o land_n so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o they_o imagine_v their_o market_n will_v vend_fw-mi and_o no_o more_o but_o because_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n obey_v the_o same_o rule_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n i_o will_v speak_v a_o word_n of_o that_o place_n likewise_o and_o then_o survey_v the_o trade_n of_o they_o both_o together_o as_o they_o be_v know_v now_o to_o we_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o though_o indeed_o different_a kingdom_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_z and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o morocco_z and_o the_o province_n thereof_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n once_o of_o great_a splendour_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o six_o province_n the_o first_o tangovista_n have_v a_o town_n also_o of_o that_o
whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o and_o then_o have_v choose_v one_o to_o his_o mind_n he_o contract_v with_o her_o friend_n for_o her_o use_n for_o the_o say_a time_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n which_o do_v he_o bring_v she_o to_o his_o house_n or_o lodging_n and_o she_o serve_v he_o willing_o in_o all_o his_o affair_n both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n as_o both_o his_o slave_n and_o wife_n but_o then_o he_o must_v take_v care_n that_o during_o that_o time_n he_o keep_v not_o company_n with_o any_o other_o woman_n for_o so_o he_o may_v incur_v a_o great_a danger_n and_o peril_n of_o his_o life_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o his_o residence_n be_v expire_v he_o pay_v the_o parent_n of_o the_o maid_n the_o price_n agree_v for_o and_o depart_v quiet_o away_o and_o she_o return_v with_o credit_n to_o her_o friend_n be_v as_o well_o esteem_v of_o as_o ever_o she_o be_v before_o and_o if_o afterward_o this_o maid_n chance_v to_o marry_v though_o with_o the_o principall_a of_o the_o country_n and_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a stranger_n shall_v again_o return_v hither_o to_o trade_n he_o may_v again_o demand_v his_o wâ—man_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v she_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n without_o the_o resistance_n of_o her_o husband_n or_o any_o shame_n unto_o he_o and_o she_o remain_v by_o the_o stranger_n as_o long_o as_o he_o abide_v there_o and_o he_o travel_v from_o thence_o she_o go_v home_o to_o her_o husband_n again_o which_o among_o they_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o most_o sure_a and_o inviolable_a law_n and_o custom_n pegu._n coin_n current_a in_o pegu._n the_o coin_n current_n here_o and_o throughout_o all_o this_o coast_n be_v call_v gansa_n which_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n and_o be_v not_o the_o proper_a money_n of_o the_o king_n but_o every_o man_n may_v stamp_v it_o that_o will_v and_o that_o be_v able_a because_o it_o have_v its_o just_a value_n in_o stuff_n and_o material_n there_o be_v much_o counterfeit_n of_o this_o coin_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o discern_v by_o the_o broker_n teller_n of_o money_n who_o ready_o spy_v it_o out_o and_o therefore_o not_o passable_a nor_o will_v it_o be_v take_v by_o any_o with_o this_o money_n gansa_n you_o may_v buy_v gold_n silver_n ruby_n drug_n spice_n and_o all_o commodity_n and_o no_o other_o money_n be_v current_a among_o they_o this_o gansa_n go_v by_o a_o weight_n call_v a_o biso_n and_o this_o name_n of_o bise_n go_v for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o therefore_o a_o bise_n of_o a_o gansa_n be_v account_v by_o stranger_n there_o trade_v ½_n â„ž_o 8_o â—_o or_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n sterling_a and_o albeit_o that_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o all_o other_o commodite_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v yet_o this_o bise_n never_o alter_v in_o value_n or_o estimation_n every_o bise_n make_v a_o hundred_o gansae_n of_o weight_n and_o so_o it_o do_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o money_n be_v bisa_n martaven_n martaven_n in_o this_o country_n be_v also_o seat_v the_o town_n of_o martaven_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o the_o last_o of_o this_o coast_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v wonderful_a expert_a in_o make_v of_o hard_a waâ—_n which_o hence_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o india_n and_o into_o many_o place_n of_o europe_n here_o be_v also_o make_v those_o great_a earthen_n jar_n or_o vessel_n which_o serve_v they_o to_o keep_v water_n oil_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o india_n and_o aboard_o their_o ship_n in_o stead_n of_o cask_n barrel_n and_o such_o vessel_n and_o throughout_o all_o these_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n maatavanas_n and_o in_o some_o place_n by_o the_o portugal_n benajos_n chap._n xcvi_o of_o siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o under_o the_o title_n of_o siam_n i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o city_n of_o tenaserim_n a_o famous_a town_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o kingdom_n also_o pattana_n another_o city_n on_o this_o coast_n not_o far_o distan_a from_o siam_n itself_o be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o english_a merchant_n have_v a_o residence_n and_o hold_v a_o factory_a and_o last_o siam_n as_o the_o principal_a and_o as_o one_o upon_o who_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o dependency_n both_o in_o matter_n of_o government_n and_o trade_n this_o city_n then_o of_o siam_n some_o year_n past_a as_o appear_v by_o relation_n of_o that_o worthy_a merchant_n ralph_n fitch_n and_o other_o be_v the_o prime_n of_o all_o these_o and_o the_o neighbour_a region_n but_o be_v for_o twenty_o one_o month_n besiege_v by_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o after_o four_o month_n march_v encompass_v it_o with_o a_o million_o and_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o soldier_n at_o length_n by_o mean_n of_o treason_n and_o not_o of_o strength_n gain_v it_o drive_v the_o king_n thereof_o to_o that_o desperation_n that_o he_o poison_v himself_o with_o all_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n pegu_n the_o fortune_n of_o siam_n and_o pegu_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v obey_v several_a prince_n and_o be_v subject_n to_o sundry_a master_n according_a to_o the_o various_a chance_n of_o war_n and_o of_o this_o country_n which_o in_o one_o age_n be_v see_v here_o so_o diverse_o to_o alter_v into_o sundry_a shape_n for_o a_o petty_a king_n which_o now_o command_v one_o only_a town_n or_o province_n in_o a_o few_o year_n come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a emperor_n over_o several_a kingdom_n and_o peradventure_o that_o great_a emperor_n who_o now_o command_v so_o many_o several_a nation_n within_o few_o year_n after_o be_v glad_a to_o rule_v over_o a_o small_a province_n city_n or_o island_n which_o the_o prince_n of_o pegu_n and_o siam_n have_v of_o late_a year_n to_o their_o great_a grief_n find_v too_o true_a by_o experience_n the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o former_a suffer_v calamity_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n not_o only_o hence_o to_o couchin-china_n macau_n cantor_n malacca_n cambaia_n and_o the_o island_n summatra_n borneo_n banda_n and_o other_o by_o sea_n but_o also_o be_v much_o augment_v by_o the_o inland_n trade_n thereof_o partly_o to_o martavan_n tenaserim_n and_o other_o which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o same_o land_n but_o as_o seat_v on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o and_o as_o enjoy_v thereby_o the_o commodity_n of_o another_o sea_n but_o the_o same_o be_v find_v proper_a for_o trade_n by_o its_o own_o commodious_a situation_n menan_n river_n menan_n be_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n menan_n which_o run_v hither_o through_o or_o rather_o thwart_v india_n arise_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o chiama_n as_o they_o term_v it_o at_o least_o 22_o degree_n from_o this_o city_n where_o it_o issue_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v here_o find_v about_o the_o month_n of_o march_n so_o to_o over-swell_a his_o bank_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o 120_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o retire_v themselves_o during_o this_o inundation_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o their_o house_n so_o purposely_o make_v to_o avoid_v the_o inconveniency_n of_o the_o water_n every_o house_n then_o have_v a_o boat_n or_o frigate_n belong_v thereto_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o converse_v together_o and_o traffic_v as_o on_o dry_a shore_n till_o the_o say_a river_n return_v to_o her_o wont_a channel_n again_o the_o king_n of_o this_o country_n as_o indeed_o of_o all_o these_o region_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n merchant_n who_o give_v the_o english_a admittance_n to_o trade_n and_o residence_n here_o about_o 1612_o upon_o who_o he_o bestow_v also_o a_o fair_a house_n for_o their_o abode_n and_o warehouse_n to_o lay_v up_o their_o merchandise_n where_o since_o for_o some_o year_n they_o have_v continue_v but_o of_o late_a year_n have_v leave_v it_o off_o and_o discontinue_v upon_o the_o little_a benefit_n this_o scale_n and_o country_n afford_v they_o pattana_n commodity_n of_o siam_n and_o pattana_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n and_o coast_n be_v cotton_n linen_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o that_o excellent_a wine_n or_o distil_a liquor_n call_v here_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nipe_n make_v of_o cocos_fw-la or_o india_n nut_n and_o hence_o transport_v into_o all_o part_n of_o india_n and_o the_o adjoin_a region_n here_o be_v also_o great_a quantity_n of_o benjamin_n and_o of_o lac_n wherewith_o the_o hard_a wax_n be_v make_v that_o be_v bring_v hence_o into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o that_o costly_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o portugal_n palo_n dangula_fw-la and_o calamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n
goa_n be_v 1_o pecul_n and_o 132_o l._n â…˜_n english_a near_o so_o that_o the_o difference_n as_o already_o say_v which_o arise_v in_o the_o pecul_fw-la from_o 130_o l._n 15_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o pound_n to_o 132â…˜_n and_o 133_o l._n english_a be_v by_o weigh_v by_o the_o balance_n or_o stilyard_n the_o stilyard_n or_o dotchen_n make_v more_o the_o balance_n less_o the_o covid_n or_o maccao_n be_v rather_o a_o very_a small_a matter_n more_o than_o less_o than_o 3_o quarter_n of_o our_o yard_n and_o 2½_n inches_n or_o more_o rather_o 29_o inch_n â…_n of_o a_o inch_n near_o which_o covid_n be_v use_v by_o the_o portuguez_n the_o chinese_n have_v another_o covid_n or_o measure_n consist_v of_o between_o 14_o 11_o 12_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o 14_o 6_o 7_o of_o a_o inch_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o be_v subdivide_v into_o 10_o other_o part_n the_o covid_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o chinchose_n a_o province_n of_o china_n border_v upon_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n and_o eastward_o of_o maccao_n be_v but_o just_a 12_o inch_n of_o our_o measure_n and_o be_v the_o â…˜_n part_n of_o chinese_n covid_n or_o measure_n near_o as_o for_o coin_n there_o be_v none_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n but_o if_o you_o buy_v any_o thing_n after_o you_o have_v agree_v for_o it_o you_o cut_v off_o of_o the_o rial_n of_o eight_o so_o many_o mass_n condreens_fw-mi etc._n etc._n as_o you_o agree_v for_o and_o so_o weigh_v it_o by_o the_o dotchen_n which_o every_o one_o carry_v about_o he_o have_v thus_o do_v with_o the_o main_a continent_n of_o asia_n and_o cursory_o survey_v the_o particular_a trade_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n therein_o contain_v be_v constrain_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o remoteness_n of_o these_o place_n and_o want_v of_o better_a information_n to_o let_v the_o same_o pass_v not_o so_o perfect_a as_o otherwise_o i_o can_v wish_v for_o and_o desire_n i_o shall_v willing_o in_o what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o omit_v crave_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o that_o they_o will_v add_v by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o trial_n what_o be_v either_o here_o defective_a or_o altogether_o leave_v out_o and_o thus_o leave_v the_o continent_n according_a to_o my_o method_n i_o will_v in_o brief_a run_v through_o some_o of_o those_o island_n which_o merit_n observation_n and_o survey_v the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o ample_o as_o my_o adviso_n will_v give_v i_o leave_v chap._n c._n of_o the_o island_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o asia_n be_v either_o in_o the_o oriental_a sea_n as_o japan_n zeilan_n moluccoe_n javas_n summatra_n barneo_n the_o philippines_n and_o other_o or_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n as_o rhodes_n cyprus_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o trade_n whereof_o a_o word_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o commerce_n of_o asia_n chap._n ci._n of_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n of_o japan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o japan_n be_v situate_v over_o against_o canton_n in_o china_n have_v in_o length_n 600_o mile_n but_o narrow_a in_o breadth_n in_o some_o place_n 90_o and_o in_o some_o but_o 30_o mile_n it_o obey_v 66_o several_a sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o tense_n hold_v the_o principal_a authority_n command_v 50_o of_o the_o 66_o above_o mention_a kingdom_n every_o king_n lord_n and_o master_n have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n over_o the_o good_n and_o life_n of_o the_o subject_n servant_n and_o child_n subject_a unto_o he_o it_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o portugal_n anno_fw-la 1542._o and_o since_o be_v much_o frequent_v by_o jesuit_n who_o in_o great_a number_n have_v settle_v themselves_o here_o and_o be_v find_v to_o exercise_v trade_n and_o commerce_n as_o cunning_o and_o subtle_o as_o any_o jew_n elsewhere_o in_o the_o world_n their_o chief_a town_n be_v osacaia_n bunguin_n meaco_n and_o be_v the_o principal_a port_n frequent_v by_o merchant_n stranger_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o place_n and_o island_n be_v silver_n in_o some_o good_a measure_n dig_v up_o here_o and_o carry_v hence_o by_o merchant_n to_o china_n to_o exchange_v for_o silk_n and_o principal_o rice_n which_o be_v find_v here_o grow_v in_o such_o abundance_n that_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n draw_v two_o million_o of_o ducat_n yearly_o out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v gather_v from_o his_o own_o possession_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v at_o his_o own_o demesne_n firando_n firando_n and_o at_o firando_n one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o japan_n the_o english_a have_v settle_v a_o factory_a for_o trade_n in_o 1613._o by_o captain_n sari_n labour_n and_o industry_n the_o civil_a war_n that_o continual_o vex_v these_o island_n hinder_v a_o exact_a survey_n of_o the_o material_n whereby_o their_o trade_n be_v drive_v yet_o so_o far_o as_o i_o have_v collect_v i_o will_v here_o insert_v japan_n coin_n current_a in_o japan_n their_o money_n current_n for_o the_o most_o part_n through_o these_o island_n be_v thus_o term_v and_o with_o some_o small_a difference_n have_v this_o value_n their_o silver_n coin_n current_n be_v a_o tail_n a_o mass_n and_o a_o condery_a a_o tail_n be_v a_o â„ž_o of_o 8_o â—_o or_o 5_o s._n sterling_a or_o â…›_n tail_n of_o siam_n and_o this_o tail_n be_v 10_o mass_n or_o 100_o condery_n a_o mass_n be_v 10_o condery_n or_o 6_o d._n sterling_a and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o pass_v for_o 74_o condory_n only_o and_o no_o more_o their_o gold_n be_v coin_v into_o two_o small_a barrs_n of_o two_o several_a sort_n the_o one_o be_v call_v a_o jehebo_n worth_n about_o 15_o in_o 16_o mass_n of_o silver_n the_o other_o be_v call_v a_o coban_n worth_n from_o 60_o to_o 68_o mass_n which_o may_v be_v value_v from_o 30_o s._n to_o 34_o s._n sterling_a the_o war_n that_o continual_o vex_v this_o country_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o unconstant_a rate_n and_o price_n thereof_o japan_n weight_n in_o japan_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n in_o japan_n be_v the_o pecul_n and_o the_o cattee_n a_o pecul_n be_v 10_o cattee_n a_o cattee_n be_v account_v by_o some_o 21_o ounce_n and_o by_o some_o 20¾_n ounce_n averdupois_n so_o that_o a_o pecul_n be_v about_o 130_o or_o 131_o l._n english_a japan_n measure_v of_o length_n in_o japan_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o incken_fw-mi or_o tattamy_n which_o be_v 2½_n yard_n english_a 25_o yard_n be_v 12_o tattamy_n japan_n measure_v of_o rice_n and_o grain_n in_o japan_n their_o measure_n for_o rice_n be_v thus_o account_v a_o gant_n be_v 3_o cocas_n be_v as_o much_o as_o three_o english_a ale-pint_n a_o ickgoga_n be_v 100_o ganta_n one_o ickmagog_n be_v 1000_o ickgoga_n one_o managoga_n be_v 10000_o ickmagogs_n chap._n cii_o of_o zeilan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n zeilan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o zeilan_n lie_v in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n in_o length_n 250_o and_o in_o breadth_n 140_o mile_n find_v so_o fruitful_a that_o the_o grass_n grow_v and_o the_o tree_n bear_v fruit_n all_o the_o year_n long_o without_o intermission_n it_o be_v command_v in_o chief_a by_o the_o great_a mogul_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v zeilan_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o island_n and_o columbo_n fortify_v by_o the_o portugal_n and_o as_o it_o be_v conceive_v command_v over_o the_o best_a harbour_n in_o india_n zeilan_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n zeilan_n for_o commodity_n it_o have_v many_o and_o almost_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v find_v in_o india_n through_o all_o the_o several_a province_n and_o place_n thereof_o first_o it_o have_v nutmeg_n clove_n and_o pepper-tree_n good_a store_n and_o the_o best_a cinnamon_n in_o all_o india_n which_o be_v here_o have_v and_o find_v grow_v in_o whole_a wood_n and_o hence_o disperse_v into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o it_o afford_v all_o kind_n of_o precious_a stone_n except_o diamond_n as_o saphire_n ruby_n topaz_n spinal_n granati_fw-la also_o a_o plentiful_a fish_n for_o pearl_n yet_o not_o account_v so_o good_a as_o at_o bareim_n by_o ormus_n it_o have_v likewise_o mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o metal_n also_o iron_n flax_n brimstone_n ivory_n bone_n and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n paradise_n adam_n hill_n the_o zeilans_n paradise_n here_o be_v also_o a_o hill_n of_o that_o great_a height_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v it_o the_o high_a in_o india_n and_o call_v it_o adam_n hill_n upon_o which_o they_o say_v paradise_n stand_v and_o that_o adam_n be_v there_o create_v who_o footstep_n if_o they_o may_v be_v believe_v do_v remain_v yet_o engrave_v there_o in_o the_o rock_n and_o go_v not_o out_o but_o the_o inhabitanis_n being_n most_o active_a in_o their_o body_n may_v be_v
as_o i_o say_v before_o which_o they_o account_v as_o their_o great_a treasure_n and_o with_o which_o their_o barter_n and_o exchange_n for_o thing_n necessary_a be_v make_v but_o now_o of_o late_a the_o king_n of_o achin_n in_o imitation_n of_o other_o adjoin_a prince_n and_o so_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o malacca_n now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o portugal_n have_v coin_v money_n which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v these_o a_o mass_n which_o be_v here_o account_v for_o 4_o cappan_n which_o be_v 12_o d._n sterling_a a_o tail_n be_v 16_o mass_n or_o 3â…•_n â„ž_o â—_o â—_o or_o sterling_a money_n 16_o s._n a_o cattee_n be_v 8_o tail_n in_o ordinary_a account_n and_o worth_a 25â…”_n â„ž_o â—_o spanish_a or_o 6_o l._n 8_o s._n sterling_a and_o sometime_o in_o exchange_n from_o hence_o to_o other_o adjacent_a part_n they_o account_v 7¼_n and_o 7½_n tail_n to_o one_o cattee_n java_n account_n keep_v in_o java_n in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n as_o jambe_n tycho_n and_o priaman_n they_o have_v no_o coin_n of_o their_o own_o but_o the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o spanish_a â„ž_o â—_o in_o which_o the_o european_n keep_v their_o account_n and_o for_o distinction_n divide_v it_o to_o be_v 60_o denier_n or_o pence_n to_o a_o â„ž_o â—_o jambe_n weight_n of_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n jambe_n the_o common_a through_o all_o summatra_n be_v a_o bahar_n but_o yet_o find_v to_o vary_v in_o many_o place_n and_o consist_v of_o cattee_n which_o in_o greatness_n also_o vary_v and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o difference_n but_o in_o achin_n priamam_fw-la ticcou_n and_o jambe_n where_o the_o english_a reside_v the_o bahar_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o each_o of_o these_o place_n 200_o cattee_n every_o cattee_n be_v 29_o ounce_n english_a so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n the_o bahar_n must_v make_v 360_o l._n english_a sotile_a summatra_n measure_n in_o summatra_n the_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n be_v chap._n cvi_o of_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o next_o island_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v borneo_n and_o be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o aequinoctial_a into_o two_o part_n put_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bind_v between_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o borneo_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o of_o laus_n on_o the_o south_n in_o compass_n account_v above_o 2200_o mile_n and_o hold_v the_o great_a of_o all_o this_o ocean_n island_n commodity_n of_o borneo_n island_n the_o country_n do_v yield_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o wood_n which_o we_o call_v camphora_n also_o that_o wood_n know_v by_o the_o portugal_n by_o the_o name_n of_o polo_n d'_fw-fr aguila_n and_o also_o that_o costly_a sweat_n wood_n which_o be_v call_v collamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n also_o here_o be_v find_v some_o gold_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n agarick_n and_o other_o spice_n and_o great_a abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a antidote_n which_o in_o europe_n be_v call_v the_o bezoar-stone_n island_n town_n of_o borneo_n island_n it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o many_o fair_a town_n and_o harbour_n as_o cabura_n taioparra_n tamorutas_fw-la and_o borneo_n the_o metropolis_n and_o most_o magnificent_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n contain_v 25_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o marish_a of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o venice_n borneo_n secodana_n and_o benicrmasa_n english_a factory_n in_o borneo_n also_o secodana_n where_o many_o diamond_n be_v find_v and_o where_o the_o english_a some_o year_n past_a have_v a_o factory_a and_o residence_n as_o also_o the_o same_o in_o beniermasa_n another_o good_a port_n in_o this_o island_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o coin_n current_n here_o in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n nor_o yet_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n in_o this_o island_n therefore_o must_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o to_o the_o trader_n thither_o chap._n cvii_o of_o celebs_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n celebs_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o celebs_n be_v the_o next_o in_o this_o tract_n nor_o far_o distant_a from_o borneo_n island_n through_o part_n of_o which_o run_v the_o equator_fw-la yield_v by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o commodity_n proper_a to_o summatra_n borneo_n gilolo_n and_o other_o seat_v under_o the_o same_o line_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o several_a prince_n and_o enjoy_v some_o eminent_a town_n frequent_v by_o european_a merchant_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o rich_a commodity_n as_o durati_fw-la mamaio_n tubon_n and_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o english_a factory_a in_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o chief_a port_n for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o island_n and_o where_o the_o english_a have_v a_o residence_n and_o factory_a and_o follow_v their_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o place_n i_o find_v maccasar_n coin_n current_a in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n their_o coin_n current_a here_o in_o use_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o mass_n cupan_n and_o tail_n thus_o value_v a_o tail_n be_v account_v for_o 16_o mass_n in_o current_a value_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v worth_a 15_o rial_n of_o eight_o a_o mass_n be_v a_o gold_n coin_n as_o be_v the_o tail_n and_o want_v somewhat_o of_o 5_o s._n or_o a_o rial_n of_o â—_o 8_o spanish_a and_o this_o mass_n be_v 4_o cuppan_n each_o captain_z esteem_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n sterling_a money_n and_o by_o this_o calculation_n the_o tail_n shall_v make_v sterling_a 3_o l._n 14_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o by_o the_o account_n of_o â„ž_o â—_o 8_o at_o 5_o s._n sterling_a the_o tail_n be_v 3_o l._n 15_o s._n sterling_a maccasar_n weight_n in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n the_o common_a weight_n in_o use_n be_v the_o ganton_n zicoyan_n and_o mass_n thus_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a weight_n averdupois_n the_o ganton_n be_v both_o a_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o weight_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 5_o l._n english_a and_o in_o measure_n about_o two_o english_a gallon_n a_o mass_n in_o weight_n be_v 40_o gantons_n which_o be_v 200_o l._n english_a or_o 80_o gallon_n english_a a_o zicoyan_a be_v 20_o mass_n in_o weight_n which_o be_v 4000_o l._n english_a or_o 800_o canton_n of_o this_o place_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v a_o work_n past_o my_o skill_n or_o i_o think_v most_o man_n else_n consider_v the_o multitude_n thereof_o philippiâ—…_n philippiâ—…_n the_o philippines_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o anno_fw-la 1564_o be_v in_o number_n 110_o thousand_o as_o some_o author_n report_n over_o against_o china_n be_v also_o find_v 7448_o island_n and_o about_o india_n 127000_o great_a and_o small_a more_o which_o in_o many_o place_n stand_v so_o nigh_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v afar_o off_o to_o touch_v and_o to_o be_v all_o one_o firm_a land_n but_o whosoever_o pass_v between_o they_o may_v with_o his_o hand_n touch_v the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n both_o on_o the_o one_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o commodity_n be_v find_v grow_v upon_o these_o island_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o many_o of_o they_o maintain_v a_o traffic_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v 1498._o the_o portugal_n the_o first_o master_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o east-india_n 1498._o now_o forasmuch_o as_o portugal_n dutch_a and_o english_a have_v of_o late_a year_n discover_v those_o country_n of_o india_n and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v since_o settle_v themselves_o by_o fort_n and_o castle_n there_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v here_o survey_v their_o strength_n and_o hold_v build_v for_o defence_n and_o their_o factory_a settle_a for_o traffic_n throughout_o this_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o island_n thereof_o the_o portugal_n than_o be_v the_o first_o that_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1498._o depart_v from_o lisbon_n under_o command_n of_o vasco_n di_fw-it gamma_n double_v the_o cape_n of_o bona_n esperance_fw-fr which_o have_v prove_v so_o successful_a to_o they_o since_o that_o time_n that_o they_o have_v master_v conquer_v and_o fortify_v themselves_o beyond_o that_o cape_n in_o soffala_n quiloa_n mosambique_n mombasa_n and_o in_o ormus_n in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n late_o again_o lose_v in_o india_n they_o have_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o diu_n daman_n basain_n châ—…_n goa_n honour_n barsola_n mongalor_n cananor_n cronganor_n cochin_n and_o colan_n in_o silon_n they_o have_v column_n brag_v of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a port_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n they_o hold_v negapatam_n and_o st._n thomas_n in_o bengala_n they_o have_v porto_n pequenio_n
great_a nation_n but_o my_o ignorance_n herein_o do_v silence_v i_o therefore_o it_o shall_v content_v i_o to_o have_v survey_v it_o in_o the_o general_n and_o to_o have_v leave_v behind_o i_o what_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o collect_v of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trader_n of_o those_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n and_o country_n know_v that_o their_o strange_a custom_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o law_n and_o government_n debar_v all_o easy_a access_n into_o their_o dominion_n and_o what_o other_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o see_v i_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o offer_v to_o recount_v to_o conclude_v then_o have_v thus_o run_v over_o and_o survey_v the_o general_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n of_o asia_n i_o will_v now_o turn_v myself_o towards_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o this_o work_n and_o as_o the_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o the_o best_a repute_v of_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cx_o of_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n here_o handle_v and_o the_o kingdom_n thereof_o part_n europe_n 15_o part_n europe_n which_o i_o have_v willing_o omit_v as_o last_v and_o principal_a come_v now_o to_o be_v survey_v that_o the_o trade_n thereof_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v in_o her_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n shall_v be_v in_o prerogative_n of_o worth_a the_o chief_a and_o first_o but_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n i_o show_v the_o best_a last_n and_o the_o worst_a first_o europe_n then_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o province_n and_o island_n 1_o spain_n 2_o france_n 3_o italy_n 4_o belgia_n 5_o germany_n 6_o denmark_n 7_o norway_n 8_o sweden_n 9_o muscovia_n 10_o poland_n 11_o hungary_n 12_o dacia_n 13_o slavonia_n 14_o graecia_n the_o island_n of_o europe_n be_v disperse_v through_o these_o sea_n 1_o greek_a sea_n 2_o egean_a sea_n 3_o cretan_a sea_n 4_o ionian_a sea_n 5_o adriatic_a sea_n 6_o mediterranean_a sea_n 7_o british_a sea_n 8_o northern_a sea_n of_o all_o which_o in_o order_n and_o of_o each_o of_o these_o division_n in_o order_n chap._n cxi_o of_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o spain_n spain_n spain_n the_o most_o western_a continent_n of_o europe_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o france_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o pampelona_n on_o the_o northwest_n and_o perpignan_n on_o the_o southeast_n spain_n commodity_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v for_o merchandise_n be_v wine_n sugar_n oil_n metal_n liquorish_a rice_n silk_n wool_n cork_n rosin_n steel_n orange_n lemon_n raisin_n almond_n etc._n etc._n anniseed_n anchovy_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la fig_n tunny-fish_n iron_n shumack_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n hony_n wax_n etc._n etc._n spain_n be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o province_n which_o former_o be_v petty_a kingdom_n viz._n 1._o leon_n &_o oviedo_n 2._o navarre_n 3._o corduba_n 4._o gallicia_n 5._o biscay_n 6._o toledo_n 7._o murâ—ia_n 8._o castille_n 9_o portugal_n 10_o valentia_n 11._o catalonia_n 12._o arragon_n of_o which_o in_o order_n with_o their_o city_n of_o note_n and_o traffic_v 2._o leon_n 1_o oviedo_n 2._o in_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n i_o find_v no_o city_n of_o trade_n memorable_a the_o city_n of_o leon_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o be_v the_o principality_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o spain_n under_o the_o name_n of_o asturiaâ—_n 2._o navarra_n 2._o in_o navarre_n be_v of_o note_n the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n famous_a for_o her_o fortification_n and_o not_o for_o her_o negotiation_n 4._o corduba_n 4._o corduba_n be_v account_v the_o most_o fertile_a soil_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o have_v corduba_n for_o a_o principal_a city_n from_o whence_o come_v that_o excellent_a cordovant_n leather_n know_v to_o we_o 2._o marchena_n a_o principal_a breeder_n of_o the_o best_a genets_n in_o spain_n also_o 3._o medina_n sidonia_n who_o duke_n be_v principal_a commander_n of_o that_o pretend_a invincible_a armado_n 1588._o also_o lucardi_n barameda_n a_o great_a haven-town_n xere_n which_o yield_v the_o wine_n know_v sherry_n sack_n because_o the_o spaniard_n be_v find_v to_o pronounce_v x_o as_o sh_n in_o english_a and_o also_o sevil_n which_o require_v according_a to_o my_o method_n for_o her_o worth_n and_o eminency_n of_o trade_n a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n xciii_o of_o sevil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o sevil_n be_v account_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o all_o spain_n in_o compass_n six_o mile_n environ_v with_o beautiful_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o stately_a building_n as_o palace_n church_n and_o monastery_n one_o whereof_o be_v endow_v with_o 25000_o crown_n annual_a rent_n the_o river_n baetis_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n yet_o join_v by_o a_o stately_a bridge_n from_o hence_o the_o spaniard_n set_v out_o towards_o the_o western_a india_n and_o hither_o return_v again_o to_o unlade_v the_o riches_n of_o those_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o principal_o be_v find_v to_o be_v silver_n tobacco_n ginger_n cotton_n sugar_n brasil_n and_o ferinand_n bucquewood_n and_o some_o drug_n here_o be_v 30000_o geneâ—s_n maintain_v continual_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o service_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n be_v of_o that_o greatness_n that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o town_n only_o be_v worth_a unto_o the_o king_n half_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_a and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sevil_n be_v hold_v so_o rich_a that_o his_o rend_a amount_n to_o 100000_o crown_n yearly_a and_o have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n 2000_o small_a village_n and_o consequent_o in_o his_o whole_a diocese_n 2000_o benefice_n beside_o friary_n nunnery_n and_o hospital_n and_o esteem_v the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o he_o of_o toledo_n the_o rarity_n of_o this_o place_n i_o willing_o omit_v as_o well_o know_v to_o out_o nation_n madera_n account_n keep_v in_o sevil_n and_o madera_n in_o sevil_n madera_n etc._n etc._n the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n by_o marvedy_n of_o which_o 375_o be_v esteem_v to_o make_v a_o ducat_n of_o exx_n o_o 11_o rial_n every_o rial_n be_v 37_o mal._n and_o so_o be_v but_o 374_o mal._n but_o our_o english_a there_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o rial_n of_o 34._o mal._n the_o rial_n sevil_n coin_n of_o sevil_n their_o current_a money_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o sevil_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n account_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n sterl_n a_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a in_o sevil_n 34_o marvedy_n and_o be_v so_o worth_a throughout_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v account_v 6_o d._n sterling_a money_n a_o dobra_n current_n be_v worth_a of_o carlin_n money_n â—1_n â—7_n marvedy_n every_o 1000_o dobras_n be_v 80_o v._o 883_o marvedy_n and_o be_v account_v in_o merchandise_n 71_o mar._n and_o be_v worth_a in_o valentia_n at_o even_a hand_n 4_o sold._n 7._o den._n 1_o 10_o of_o valentia_n money_n without_o charge_n of_o exch._n a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n or_o be_v above_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n a_o castilian_a of_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n about_o 7_o s._n star_z vide_fw-la money_n in_o castille_n current_n in_o all_o spain_n sevil._n exchange_n in_o sevil._n their_o exx_n o_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a ducat_n of_o 375_o mar._n payable_a in_o banco_n with_o five_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o banco_n salary_n or_o without_o the_o banco_n to_o be_v pay_v without_o the_o same_o and_o this_o ducat_n be_v common_o term_v ducato_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr peso_fw-mi and_o be_v worth_a as_o above_o 375_o marvedy_n in_o sevil_n they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o follow_v if_o you_o say_v in_o ducat_n di_fw-it oro_fw-la oâ—_n de_fw-fr castilia_n upon_o banco_n those_o be_v then_o pay_v in_o banco_n without_o loss_n at_o all_o but_o if_o you_o say_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o so_o many_o ducat_n doro_n in_o pistolet_n forth_o of_o banco_n they_o will_v pay_v in_o the_o say_a money_n but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pay_v in_o carlins_n it_o will_v cost_v ½_n and_o sometime_o ¾_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la loss_n but_o because_o i_o have_v at_o large_a in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o chapter_n 294_o and_o 426_o treat_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o i_o will_v to_o avoid_v repetition_n refer_v the_o reader_n thereunto_o for_o further_a and_o ample_a satisfaction_n sevil._n weight_n of_o sevil._n there_o be_v use_v in_o sevil_n three_o weight_n or_o kintars_n as_o first_o the_o small_a which_o comprehend_v 112_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 28_o pound_n a_o rove_n the_o next_o be_v of_o 120_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n to_o a_o rove_n the_o
law_n it_o be_v seat_v within_o land_n and_o be_v well_o know_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n and_o have_v those_o money_n current_n that_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n stamp_n as_o i_o shall_v declare_v in_o rome_n bologna_n account_n in_o bologna_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o liver_n the_o liver_n may_v be_v account_v to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 13½_n d._n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o duccatons_n sols_n and_o denier_n cast_v up_o by_o 12_o and_o by_o 20_o as_o above_o be_v say_v bologna_n weight_n of_o bologna_n their_o weight_n common_a in_o use_n be_v these_o their_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o make_v in_o london_n 80_o l._n rome_n 100_o  _fw-fr milan_n 106_o  _fw-fr florence_n 104_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 133_o  _fw-fr lion_n 77_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sot_n 120_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gr_fw-fr 75_o  _fw-fr 1000_o l._n in_o bologna_n have_v give_v in_o venetia_n subtle_a 1320_o l._n gross_a 750_o l._n so_o that_o the_o 1_o l._n have_v render_v their_o gross_a 9_o ounce_n subtle_a 14_o ounce_n 2½_n sach_n bologna_n measure_n in_o bologna_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n and_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 25_o inch_n english_a 100_o brace_n here_o have_v make_v in_o venetia_n cloth-measure_n 96_o brace_n and_o of_o silk_n 90_o brace_n corn._n corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o corbe_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 92_o staios_n in_o venetia_n and_o 100_o corbes_n in_o wine_n make_v amfora_n venetiana_fw-la 12_o and_o 2_o quarter_n and_o in_o dry_a measure_n 17_o quarter_n and_o in_o london_n gallon_n bologna_n commodity_n of_o bologna_n from_o hence_o be_v accustom_v to_o come_v to_o other_o part_n corn_n almond_n oil_n raw_a silk_n and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o wrought_a satin_n taffetaes_n and_o other_o call_v hence_o bologna_n silk_n and_o of_o bologna_n make_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o place_n here_o be_v find_v many_o eminent_a exchange_n the_o course_n of_o which_o exchange_v you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n here_o practise_v vide_fw-la chapter_n 296._o chap._n cxliv_o of_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ferrara_n be_v the_o next_o principal_a city_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o circuit_n famous_a for_o the_o iron_n mine_n about_o it_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n po_n and_o account_v one_o of_o the_o pleasant_a city_n in_o italy_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o be_v a_o fair_a green_n into_o which_o open_a about_o twenty_o street_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o so_o even_a and_o uniform_a that_o thence_o the_o utmost_a end_n thereof_o may_v be_v discern_v it_o afford_v wine_n oil_n olive_n iron_n steel_n and_o some_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n the_o money_n be_v as_o at_o rome_n to_o which_o this_o city_n appertain_v admit_v but_o of_o very_a little_a difference_n in_o the_o rate_n current_n thereof_o ferrara_n weight_n of_o ferrara_n the_o quintal_n of_o ferrara_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o make_v venetia_n sot_n 112½_n l._n and_o venetia_n gr_n 72_o l._n in_o london_n incirca_fw-la 75_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n sutt_n venice_n make_v here_o 87_o l._n and_o the_o 100_o l._n gr_n 138_o l._n ferrara_n measure_n of_o ferrara_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 100_o brace_n make_v in_o london_n 72_o yard_n their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o mastello_n 11_o whereof_z make_v a_o amfora_n of_o venetia_n and_o be_v in_o england_n vide_fw-la london_n their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 100_o stare_v make_v in_o venetia_n 37_o star_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cxlv_o of_o modena_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o modena_n modena_n modena_n be_v the_o next_o city_n seat_v in_o this_o tract_n yield_v many_o fabric_n of_o silk_n which_o it_o disperse_v to_o its_o neighbour_a to_n modena_n account_n in_o modena_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sold_n denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr modena_n weight_n in_o modena_n their_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o render_v in_o lion_n 77_o l._n london_n 72_o l._n venetia_n sotile_a 109_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 72_o l._n florence_n 98_o l._n modena_n measure_n in_o modena_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o same_o as_o in_o mantua_n and_o 1_o per_fw-la cent._n long_o than_o the_o brace_n of_o ferrâ—ra_n and_o by_o observation_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o modena_n have_v make_v 118_o in_o florence_n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o staro_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 93_o or_o 94_o stare_v in_o venetia_n and_o one_o staio_n of_o modena_n have_v make_v 2½_n staios_n in_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n three_o quart_n and_o six_o quarterol_n chap._n cxlvi_o of_o rimno_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rimno_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o rimno_fw-la ancient_o ariminum_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n rubicon_n afford_v much_o silk_n which_o it_o partly_o send_v abroad_o and_o partly_o convert_v here_o into_o stuff_n also_o some_o wine_n oil_n corn_n the_o coin_n current_a as_o in_o rome_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o papacy_n and_o the_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o their_o same_o denomination_n weight_n weight_n the_o quintal_n be_v the_o 100_o l._n which_o make_v in_o london_n 81_o l._n and_o some_o have_v make_v experience_n that_o it_o make_v in_o venice_n gross_a 76._o measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n and_o be_v in_o london_n 27_o inch_n bare_a their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 100_o make_v 210_o in_o venetia_n and_o their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o some_o which_o make_v in_o london_n 10_o gallon_n chap._n cxlvii_o of_o ravenna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ravenna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ravenna_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o once_o beautify_v with_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a hauâ—…_n in_o the_o world_n where_o augustus_n caesar_n always_o keep_v a_o navy_n mane_v to_o defend_v these_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n now_o choke_v up_o with_o mud_n and_o rubbish_n the_o neighbourhood_n of_o venetia_n which_o senator_n have_v as_o well_o follow_v mercury_n by_o merchandize_v as_o mars_n by_o arm_n keep_v this_o city_n from_o any_o notable_a commerce_n yet_o i_o will_v note_v what_o i_o have_v observe_v hereupon_o both_o in_o matter_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n ravenna_n weight_n of_o ravenna_n the_o quintal_n of_o ravenna_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o give_v venetia_n sotile_a 118_o l._n in_o london_n 78_o l._n and_o the_o gross_a 100_o l._n of_o venetia_n make_v here_o 133_o l._n ravenna_n measure_n of_o ravenna_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n be_v here_o 112_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n in_o venice_n be_v here_o 106._o corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o stare_v 100_o whereof_o make_v in_o venice_n 66â…”_n staio_n so_o that_o 3_o staros_n raveâ—…_n have_v make_v the_o two_o staios_n of_o venetia_n and_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o romandiola_n loretto_n loretto_n the_o next_o province_n be_v marco_n anconitana_n wherein_o be_v famous_a first_o loretto_n for_o the_o pilmmage_n to_o our_o lady_n church_n bring_v hither_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v it_o through_o the_o air_n from_o palestâ—_n whereunto_o a_o great_a trade_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o superstitious_a papist_n next_o be_v adria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o those_o sea_n next_o recanti_fw-la and_o ancona_n two_o fair_a city_n and_o of_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n of_o which_o first_o chap._n cxlviii_o of_o recanti_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o istria_n recanti_fw-la in_o istria_n recanti_fw-la olim_fw-la aelia_n recina_fw-la as_o some_o author_n allege_v be_v a_o fair_a city_n afford_v corn_n oil_n and_o some_o silk_n for_o merchandise_n weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n thereof_o be_v 100_o l._n give_v in_o london_n 75_o l._n and_o in_o florence_n 96½_n l._n in_o venetia_n sotile_v 112_o l._n in_o venetia_n gross_a 72_o l._n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 94_o whereof_o make_v venetia_n brace_n 100_o l._n oil_n be_v sell_v here_o by_o the_o miare_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o in_o venetia_n chap._n cxlix_o of_o ancona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ancona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ancona_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o hill_n cinerius_fw-la which_o shoot_v into_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n like_o a_o promontory_n have_v a_o commodious_a haven_n build_v by_o trajanus_n the_o emperor_n it_o be_v fruitful_a as_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o country_n afford_v principal_o corn_n wine_n and_o oil_n weight_n weight_n the_o quintal_n of_o ancona_n be_v
florence_n the_o coin_n current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o picol_n the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n or_o 70_o bolognini_n the_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7½_n livre_n in_o picholi_fw-la whereas_o the_o custom_n be_v different_a from_o other_o country_n wherein_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v any_o constant_a rate_n with_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n and_o be_v adjust_v therewith_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n the_o livre_fw-fr be_v 20_o sold_n and_o account_v to_o be_v 9_o d._n sterling_a the_o ducat_n be_v 7_o livre_n be_v account_v there_o 5_o s._n 3_o d._n sterling_a the_o seudo_fw-la or_o crown_n of_o 7½_n liures_fw-fr be_v consequent_o 5_o s._n 7½_n sterling_a the_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o divide_v to_o 12_o crache_n whereof_o 8_o be_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_a 5_o quatrin_n be_v a_o crach_n and_o 60_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr florence_n weight_n of_o florence_n divers_a observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n of_o florence_n which_o be_v 100_o l._n or_o quintel_n of_o 12_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n the_o most_o note_a i_o will_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o truth_n to_o he_o that_o have_v a_o cause_n of_o trial_n because_o i_o have_v receive_v they_o upon_o trust_n the_o 100_o l._n then_o have_v be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o place_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o florence_n have_v render_v in_o anvers_n 73_o l._n lion_n 76_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 88_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_fw-fr 114_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_a 71_o  _fw-fr sienna_n 103_o  _fw-fr pulia_n 104_o  _fw-fr lucca_n 102_o  _fw-fr bologna_n 95_o  _fw-fr farrara_n 101_o  _fw-fr milan_n 117_o  _fw-fr milan_n 103_o  _fw-fr cremona_n 113_o  _fw-fr roma_n 98_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 108_o  _fw-fr marselia_n 91_o  _fw-fr barcelona_n 71_o  _fw-fr valentia_n 96_o  _fw-fr granado_n 66_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 75_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 92_o  _fw-fr paris_n subtle_a 90_o  _fw-fr paris_n gross_a 112_o  _fw-fr brussia_n 78_o  _fw-fr london_n 78_o  _fw-fr ancona_n 98_o  _fw-fr majorca_n 92_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n sotile_fw-fr rot._n 44_o  _fw-fr and_o gross_a r._n 48_o  _fw-fr tunis_n 100_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n r._n 15¾_n r._n ditto_n silk_n 16¾_n  _fw-fr tripoli_n soria_n 19_o  _fw-fr ditto_n barbaria_n 67¾_n  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 152_o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 162_o  _fw-fr alex._n forfori_n 81_o 6_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la and_o smyrna_n 71_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 64_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 14_o 3_o  _fw-fr acria_n 12_o 8_o  _fw-fr babylonia_n 10_o 10_o  _fw-fr balsara_n 500½_n m._n ormus_n 75_o 10_o  _fw-fr florence_n measure_n of_o florence_n asdruball_n of_o weight_n former_o compare_v so_o do_v i_o find_v the_o brace_n of_o this_o place_n whereby_o all_o commodity_n be_v measure_v and_o upon_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o florence_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o make_v the_o cane_n be_v 4_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n be_v in_o london_n 49_o ell_n anvers_n 81_o  _fw-fr frankford_n 102_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 67_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 71_o  _fw-fr lion_n 49_o  _fw-fr paris_n 46_o aulns_n roven_n 42_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 49_o vares_n sevil_n 24_o  _fw-fr madera_n 50_o  _fw-fr venice_n 88_o brace_n lucca_n 97_o  _fw-fr milan_n 112_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 235_o  _fw-fr note_n that_o all_o wrought_a silk_n be_v here_o buy_v by_o the_o pound_n weight_n and_o not_o by_o the_o cane_n noâ—_n brace_n abovementioned_a wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cogno_fw-it which_o be_v 10_o barrel_n and_o 1_o barrel_n be_v 40_o metadel_n or_o 20_o bottle_n or_o flask_n each_o bottle_n be_v 2_o metadel_n the_o barrel_n be_v to_o weigh_v 120_o l._n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o orcio_n which_o be_v a_o barrel_n and_o contain_v 32_o metadel_n which_o ought_v to_o weigh_v 85_o l._n corn._n of_o corn._n grain_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o moggio_n and_o be_v staio_n 24_o and_o the_o staio_n be_v 50_o l._n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o staio_n which_o weigh_v 72_o l._n florence_n agreement_n of_o dry_a measure_n of_o florence_n the_o agreement_n of_o the_o staio_n of_o corn_n i_o find_v thus_o compute_v with_o other_o city_n staios_n 3¾_n of_o corn_n in_o florence_n be_v 1_o sache_n of_o venetia_n staios_n 3_o in_o florence_n make_v 1_o sache_n in_o pisa_n staios_n 2â…˜_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o plombino_n 1_o staio_n staios_n 8¾_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o rome_n 1_o rotulo_n staios_n 10½_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o palermo_n a_o general_a salmo_n staios_n 13_o in_o florence_n make_v in_o misnia_n a_o gross_a salmo_n staios_n 1½_n in_o florennce_n be_v in_o naples_n 1_o tomolo_fw-la 16_o tom._n be_v a_o salm._n there_o staios_n 6½_n in_o florence_n be_v in_o ancona_n 1_o somo_n of_o corn._n moggio_n 1_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o arles_n 10½_n sesterce_n staios_n 3_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o marselia_n 2_o mine_n staios_n 60_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o britain_n a_o tun_n of_o corn._n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o florence_n because_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o accord_v other_o city_n to_o this_o and_o therefore_o to_o make_v this_o the_o more_o absolute_a i_o have_v add_v the_o follow_a concordancy_n of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o this_o place_n with_o other_o country_n follow_v which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v for_o due_a trial_n chap._n clxi_o of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o several_a city_n in_o italy_n with_o other_o city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n etc._n agreement_n of_o dry_a measure_n in_o sundry_a city_n of_o italy_n etc._n etc._n now_o forasmuch_o as_o i_o find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o accord_v so_o many_o city_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o corn_n salt_n wine_n etc._n etc._n i_o will_v here_o add_v what_o i_o have_v collect_v therein_o which_o proper_o may_v best_o follow_v the_o precede_a agreement_n of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o florence_n first_o then_o a_o mine_n of_o corn_n in_o avignon_n be_v 1_o staio_n of_o pisa_n a_o anne_n of_o lion_n be_v 8_o staios_n of_o florence_n which_o anne_n of_o lion_n be_v there_o account_v 6_o buccet_n a_o quarter_n of_o england_n be_v 11_o staios_n of_o florence_n a_o moggio_n of_o grain_n in_o florence_n be_v 3_o annes_n in_o lion_n which_o moggio_n be_v account_v 10_o sesterce_n there_o and_o the_o same_o in_o provence_n alquier_n 104_o of_o portugal_n be_v 40_o buccet_n of_o lion_n 1_o muy_fw-es of_o orleans_n and_o 12_o in_o 13_o mine_n make_v 13_o buccet_n of_o lion_n 1_o tun_n of_o grain_n either_o in_o picardy_n or_o normandy_n to_o be_v lade_v aboard_o their_o ship_n be_v 16_o mine_n which_o be_v 2â…”_n in_o moggios_n which_o be_v 24_o mine_n and_o the_o 24_o mine_n there_o be_v 3â…“_n moggio_n of_o florence_n and_o 1_o mine_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v 3½_n staios_n incirca_fw-la of_o florence_n 1_o tun_n of_o corn_n lade_v in_o britain_n be_v account_v to_o hold_v and_o make_v 60_o staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o fanega_n in_o calais_n be_v 2â…›_n staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o salmo_n general_a of_o sicilia_n be_v in_o portugal_n alquier_v 22½_n the_o say_v salmo_n of_o sicilia_n be_v 11¼_n staios_n in_o florence_n the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o sicilia_n be_v 17_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o the_o general_n the_o salmo_n of_o calabria_n be_v 6_o tumelle_n of_o naples_n the_o tomolo_fw-la of_o naples_n be_v 2_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o carro_n of_o apulia_n be_v 3_o moggio_n of_o florence_n alquier_v 4½_n of_o lisbon_n be_v 1_o fanega_n in_o andalusia_n 1_o fanega_n be_v 2_o staios_n of_o florence_n and_o a_o little_a more_o so_o that_o the_o staio_n of_o florence_n may_v be_v account_v the_o fanaga_n and_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n 2â…™_n staio_n one_o moggio_n of_o florence_n make_v in_o arles_n 4â…“_n sesterce_n and_o in_o marselia_n do_v make_v 2_o sesterce_n the_o staio_n of_o venice_n come_v to_o make_v one_o sack_n of_o pica_n or_o little_o less_o the_o mine_n of_o corn_n of_o genova_n be_v 4½_n staio_n of_o florence_n the_o sesterce_n 5_o of_o grain_n in_o avignon_n be_v one_o salmo_n of_o sicilia_n a_o car_n of_o corn_n in_o milan_n be_v in_o calais_n 34½_n fanega_n and_o make_v in_o lisbon_n 145_o alquier_n of_o 36_o tomolos_n of_o naples_n the_o carro_n the_o 500_o retibe_n of_o corn_n in_o alexandria_n be_v in_o leghorn_n 1090_o sack_n the_o staio_n 63_o of_o corn_n of_o ferrara_n make_v just_o a_o carro_n and_o this_o carro_n make_v in_o constantinople_n 57_o cassise_n the_o retibe_n of_o alexandria_n be_v in_o legborn_n 6â…•_n staios_n the_o cillâ—a_n of_o chavella_n be_v 3_o staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o tun_n of_o grain_n in_o britain_n be_v 60_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o cassise_n of_o corn_n in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n be_v â…”_n of_o a_o general_a
these_o be_v only_a worth_n the_o mention_v as_o to_o our_o business_n of_o trade_n chap._n cxliv_o of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n milan_n dukedom_n of_o milan_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o spaniard_n be_v rich_a in_o nature_n gift_n as_o esteem_v the_o garden_n of_o italy_n afford_v plenty_n of_o corn_n rice_n wines_n oil_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n it_o have_v therein_o also_o many_o fair_a city_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v first_o milan_n the_o principal_a of_o the_o whole_a duchy_n second_o pavia_n three_o alexandria_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pallia_fw-la four_o cremona_n and_o five_o como_n of_o as_o many_o of_o which_o as_o be_v needful_a i_o shall_v touch_v the_o particular_n chap._n cxlv_o of_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o milan_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n and_o the_o great_a of_o lombardy_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v account_v impregnable_a it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o contain_v seven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n it_o be_v furnish_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n with_o many_o great_a merchant_n or_o rather_o as_o i_o may_v more_o proper_o call_v they_o shopkeeper_n abound_v in_o many_o rich_a manufacture_n of_o silk_n and_o iron_n for_o sword-blade_n for_o cannon_n musket_n and_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n as_o silk-stocking_n chamlet_n fustian_n gold-thread_n and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n here_o disperse_v into_o savoy_n france_n and_o other_o adjoin_a country_n milan_n account_n in_o milan_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o milan_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o liures_fw-fr sol_fw-it and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr which_o livre_fw-fr may_v be_v sterl_n 12_o penny_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o 280_o and_o 410_o chapter_n milan_n coin_n in_o milan_n the_o coin_n current_a in_o milan_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o milan_n be_v incirca_fw-la 100_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v worth_a about_o 96_o or_o 98_o sol._n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n italian_n be_v 5_o livre_n and_o 6_o sol_fw-mi imperial_a a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 5_o and_o 18_o sol_n be_v liures_fw-fr 6_o imperial_a a_o ducace_n imperial_a be_v esteem_v 4_o livre_n a_o ducat_n of_o milan_n or_o imperial_a of_o liures_fw-fr 4_o per_fw-la duc._n and_o so_o they_o count_v it_o in_o exchange_n the_o which_o they_o pay_v in_o crown_n of_o italy_n at_o 101_o sol_fw-la per_fw-la duc._n note_v that_o the_o crown_n in_o milan_n run_v in_o merchandise_n for_o sol_n 110_o and_o the_o ducat_n for_o the_o same_o note_v also_o that_o the_o imperial_a coin_n be_v the_o current_n of_o this_o country_n but_o french_a italian_a and_o spanish_a pass_v here_o also_o in_o merchandise_n as_o be_v place_v between_o the_o two_o former_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o last_o milan_n weight_n in_o milan_n the_o weight_n of_o milan_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venetia_n sotile_v 108_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 66_o  _fw-fr florentia_n 97_o  _fw-fr genova_n 106_o  _fw-fr lion_n 69_o  _fw-fr london_n 70_o  _fw-fr milan_n measure_n of_o milan_n in_o milan_n they_o have_v two_o brace_n the_o cloth_n and_o the_o silk_n upon_o the_o 100_o brace_n silk_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 43_o ells._n antwerp_n 72_o  _fw-fr frankfort_n 90_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 60_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 63_o  _fw-fr lion_n 44_o auln_n paris_n 41_o  _fw-fr genova_n 207_o palm_n roven_n 37_o auln_v lisbon_n 43_o var._n sevil_n 58_o  _fw-fr madera_n 44_o  _fw-fr venetia_n 78_o brac._n lucques_n 86_o  _fw-fr florence_n 88_o  _fw-fr milan_n exchange_n of_o milan_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o experience_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v trial_n herein_o far_o and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o cremona_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o general_a chapter_n thereof_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n viz._n 280_o and_o 410_o chapter_n chap._n clxvi_o of_o cremona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o cremona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o cremona_n be_v the_o second_o city_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o duchy_n which_o endeavour_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o imitate_v and_o second_v milan_n in_o her_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n gold-thread_n etc._n etc._n weight_n weight_n their_o common_a weight_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v by_o trial_n be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o venctia_n sotile_n 104_o l._n and_o by_o the_o gross_a of_o venetia_n 65_o in_o 66_o l._n in_o florence_n 86_o l._n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o florence_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o carigas_n 18_o thereof_o be_v 1000_o l._n venetia_n in_o oil_n carrigas_n 15_o be_v account_v for_o a_o 1000_o l._n of_o cheese_n in_o venetia_n carigas_fw-la 11_o be_v account_v of_o honey_n 8¼_n staios_n of_o venetia_n chap._n clxvii_o of_o como_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o como_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o como_n be_v make_v more_o famous_a by_o the_o lake_n whereon_o it_o be_v seat_v be_v 50_o mile_n about_o than_o by_o the_o trade_n thereof_o though_o it_o may_v well_o be_v imagine_v the_o same_o do_v add_v a_o good_a furtherance_n thereto_o by_o the_o benefit_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o and_o by_o transport_v ware_n to_o neighbour_a place_n seat_v thereabouts_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n thereof_o be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o produce_v in_o venice_n suttle_n 108_o and_o gross_a 67_o l._n which_o in_o london_n be_v 72_o l._n averdupois_n or_o thereabouts_o measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n account_v to_o be_v corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v here_o 14_o pesos_n and_o every_o peso_n be_v 10_o l._n at_o â—0_n ow_v per_fw-la l._n which_o in_o venetia_n be_v 378_o l._n suttle_n which_o be_v 305_o l._n gross_a so_o that_o the_o say_v 14_o pesos_n be_v in_o venetia_n 1â…›_n staios_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o do_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o proceed_v to_o mantua_n and_o the_o dukedom_n chap._n clxviii_o of_o mantua_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mantua_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mantua_n have_v some_o other_o city_n of_o quality_n subject_n thereto_o but_o be_v debar_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o environ_v with_o potent_a neighbour_n that_o hinder_v the_o commerce_n thereof_o i_o will_v therefore_o reduce_v what_o i_o have_v collect_v more-worthy_a to_o the_o city_n of_o mantua_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o strong_a town_n environ_v on_o three_o part_n with_o a_o lake_n of_o good_a breadth_n and_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n on_o the_o rest_n through_o this_o lake_n run_v a_o river_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o po_n which_o be_v a_o famous_a stream_n in_o these_o part_n and_o much_o enrich_v this_o country_n and_o further_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o duchy_n mantua_n commodity_n of_o mantua_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o dukedom_n be_v certain_a fabric_n of_o silk_n such_o as_o be_v taffetaes_n satin_n camlet_n water_v and_o the_o like_a mantua_n account_n in_o mantua_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr 5_o of_o which_o livre_n make_v a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n large_a 9_o 12_o sol_fw-la make_v a_o ducatoon_n of_o mantua_n or_o 115_o sol_n of_o milan_n which_o be_v account_v sterl_n mantua_n weight_n in_o mantua_n they_o weigh_v in_o mantua_n by_o a_o peso_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o 1000_o l._n 25_o l._n be_v the_o peso_fw-es and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n suttle_n 108_o l._n and_o venice_n gross_a 66â…”_n l._n in_o florence_n 98_o l._n and_o in_o london_n by_o observation_n of_o some_o 71_o l._n averdupois_n mantua_n measure_n in_o mantua_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n which_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o cloth_n brace_n of_o venice_n within_o a_o small_a matter_n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o staio_n 100_o whereof_o be_v in_o venetia_n 40_o staios_n and_o 1_o staios_n weigh_v about_o 80_o l._n of_o mantua_n weight_n fair._n aste_n a_o fair._n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v also_o aste_n where_o be_v yearly_o keep_v a_o great_a and_o notable_a fair_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n where_o many_o immunity_n be_v grant_v to_o merchant_n during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o say_v fair_a do_v continue_v and_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n and_o thus_o much_o i_o have_v observe_v of_o this_o duchy_n
hereof_o in_o frankfort_n and_o heidelberg_n with_o which_o it_o be_v find_v to_o accord_v lipsick_a measure_n of_o lipsick_a lipsick_a have_v two_o measure_n one_o for_o woollen_a and_o the_o other_o for_o linen_n 14_o per_fw-la cent_n difference_n for_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n do_v make_v in_o woollen_a commodity_n 100_o ell_n and_o in_o linen_n 140_o ells._n lipsick_a account_n and_o exchange_n of_o lipsick_a the_o merchant_n here_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o 32_o gross_a and_o the_o gross_a be_v 12_o heller_n but_o they_o exchange_v by_o florin_n of_o breslow_n 30_o to_o have_v posito_fw-la in_o noremberg_n 32_o florin_n and_o in_o vienna_n 34_o florin_n chap._n cxcviii_o of_o wittenberg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o wittenburgh_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o wittenberg_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o plain_a sandy_a ground_n account_v a_o university_n wherein_o they_o proverbial_o say_v a_o man_n shall_v meet_v nothing_o but_o whore_n scholar_n and_o swine_n which_o show_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v little_a trade_n as_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o student_n and_o peradventure_o by_o the_o flesh_n of_o swine_n and_o woman_n but_o by_o what_o weight_n and_o measure_n the_o same_o be_v propertion_v to_o they_o i_o be_o to_o seek_v therefore_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o next_o merchant_n that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v his_o observation_n thereupon_o chap._n cxcix_o of_o dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o saxony_n dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o strong_o fortify_v in_o which_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n keep_v his_o court_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o magnificent_a stable_n and_o armoury_n which_o the_o duke_n keep_v here_o in_o a_o continual_a readiness_n the_o river_n elve_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o two_o part_n the_o new_a and_o the_o old_a which_o be_v very_o strong_a both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o germany_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o the_o river_n do_v much_o further_a their_o endeavour_n but_o nature_n afford_v they_o a_o rich_a soil_n take_v away_o much_o of_o their_o edge_n for_o it_o be_v ever_o find_v that_o the_o barren_a soil_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o great_a encouragement_n their_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v saxony_n weight_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n mizzen_n and_o all_o saxony_n be_v find_v to_o have_v three_o weight_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n make_v of_o zigostatica_fw-la or_o the_o prince_n weight_n 96_o l._n of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 92_o l._n of_o merchonts_n weight_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o the_o common_a weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n saxony_n measure_n of_o saxony_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v two_o agree_v with_o lipsick_a abovementioned_a on_o which_o i_o need_v not_o further_o insist_v brunswick_n brunswick_n brunswick_n be_v the_o eighteen_o province_n wherein_o be_v brunswick_n the_o principal_a city_n second_o wolfiabolt_n where_o the_o duke_n common_o reside_v three_o alberstade_n than_o lunenberg_n and_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n chap._n cc._o of_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o brunswick_n comprehend_v in_o one_o five_o several_a city_n and_o be_v a_o free_a imperial_a town_n strong_o fortify_v in_o some_o place_n with_o two_o and_o in_o other_o with_o three_o wall_n and_o encompass_v with_o the_o river_n anchor_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v find_v addict_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o morning_n but_o their_o intemperance_n at_o night_n take_v away_o all_o thought_n thereof_o they_o be_v great_a husbandman_n the_o earth_n answer_v their_o labour_n which_o yield_v they_o plenty_n of_o corn_n both_o for_o their_o own_o and_o their_o neighbour_n want_v the_o earth_n yield_v they_o rich_a reward_n to_o their_o labour_n and_o their_o afternoon_n hour_n spend_v in_o good-fellowship_n make_v i_o imagine_v there_o may_v be_v some_o trade_n among_o they_o which_o in_o particular_a i_o permit_v the_o reader_n in_o silence_n to_o conceive_v chap._n cci_o of_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lunenburg_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n over_o which_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n challenge_v a_o superiority_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v fair_o build_v of_o bâ—ick_n and_o well_o and_o strong_o fortify_v for_o its_o safeguard_v and_o defence_n with_o deep_a ditch_n and_o thick_a mud_n wall_n lunenbur_n salt_n fountain_n in_o lunenbur_n it_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o the_o natural_a fountain_n of_o salt_n here_o find_v over_o which_o be_v build_v a_o spacious_a house_n that_o contain_v fifty_o two_o room_n and_o every_o room_n have_v eight_o several_a cauldron_n of_o lead_n wherein_o be_v boil_v eight_o tun_n of_o salt_n daily_o the_o profit_n whereof_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o several_a part_n one_o part_n to_o the_o city_n one_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o another_o to_o a_o monastery_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v earl_n their_o trade_n be_v not_o otherwise_o of_o very_o great_a consequence_n hassia_n hassia_n the_o nineteenth_o province_n be_v hassia_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o dormstade_n marburg_n a_o university_n and_o some_o other_o veteravia_n veteravia_n veteravia_n be_v the_o twenty_o province_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o friburg_n hanau_n dullinburg_n nassau_n catzenbogen_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n chap._n ccii_o of_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o friburg_n be_v of_o round_a form_n environ_v altogether_o with_o high_a mountain_n friburg_n silver_n mine_n of_o friburg_n have_v within_o it_o many_o vault_n and_o cave_n to_o go_v under_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o citizen_n go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n by_o night_n to_o work_v in_o the_o silver-mine_n find_v in_o those_o adjoin_a hill_n and_o at_o certain_a hour_n be_v call_v back_o by_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell_n their_o work_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o night_n and_o their_o rest_n be_v by_o day_n and_o their_o residence_n be_v note_v to_o be_v more_o under_o ground_n than_o above_o in_o their_o house_n the_o profit_v thereof_o belong_v half_a to_o the_o citizen_n and_o half_a to_o the_o elector_n to_o who_o the_o country_n appertain_v friburg_n weight_n of_o friburg_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n in_o friburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v three_o several_a quintar_n one_o of_o 100_o l._n another_o of_o 120_o l._n and_o a_o three_o of_o 132_o l._n agree_v with_o frankfort_n heidelberg_n and_o lipsick_a as_o before_o friburg_n measure_n of_o friburg_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o be_v inch_n london_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v also_o comprehend_v the_o three_o imperial_a city_n of_o stoad_n hamburgh_n and_o lâ—beck_n which_o acknowledge_v no_o sovereign_n be_v free_a and_o hans-town_n i_o shall_v here_o touch_v and_o first_o of_o stoad_n chap._n cciii_o of_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o stand_v be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o one_o of_o the_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o those_o sea-town_n which_o from_o the_o privilege_n of_o trassick_n with_o their_o neighbour_n be_v call_v hans-town_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n upon_o the_o river_n elve_n in_o which_o stream_n they_o maintain_v certain_a buoys_n to_o guide_v the_o enter_a ship_n the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v for_o a_o while_o their_o residence_n here_o force_v thereto_o by_o the_o discourteous_a usage_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n and_o before_o their_o arrival_n this_o town_n be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o sell_v the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n and_o some_o other_o such_o right_n to_o hamburgh_n by_o who_o company_n they_o grow_v rich_a not_o without_o the_o envy_n and_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n who_o often_o attempt_v though_o in_o vain_a by_o naval_a force_n to_o forbid_v the_o arrival_n of_o the_o english_a at_o stoad_n who_o as_o they_o have_v grieve_v have_v their_o seat_n with_o they_o as_o well_o by_o exaction_n as_o prohibit_v they_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n so_o then_o have_v see_v and_o smart_v for_o their_o error_n they_o never_o leave_v till_o partly_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o partly_o by_o threat_n they_o labour_v their_o return_n which_o afterward_o be_v perform_v and_o where_o at_o this_o day_n they_o hold_v their_o principal_a court_n and_o residence_n the_o present_a trade_n of_o stoad_n be_v but_o small_a depend_v much_o upon_o the_o privilege_n they_o have_v in_o pre-emption_a and_o choice_a of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n pass_v by_o their_o city_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n but_o they_o have_v grashes_n ortals_n and_o dollar_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o stoad_n coin_n of_o stoad_n
tongue_n which_o extend_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n 1._o a_o exchange_v of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o and_o 2._o a_o exchange_v from_o one_o city_n or_o country_n to_o another_o exchange_n rate_n term_n fair_n and_o usance_n of_o exchange_n in_o which_o be_v also_o considerable_a both_o a_o rate_n and_o term_n wherein_o and_o whereby_o this_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n which_o be_v principal_o perform_v by_o certain_a fair_n or_o usance_n accustom_v in_o the_o art_n of_o exchange_v and_o which_o be_v set_v down_o by_o merchant_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n at_o their_o assembly_n and_o meeting_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o regular_a order_n by_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o justice_n and_o by_o peculiar_a law_n and_o ordinance_n among_o themselves_o both_o which_o fair_n and_o the_o rate_n and_o term_n thereof_o have_v a_o constant_a expiration_n within_o certain_a month_n as_o the_o usance_n have_v that_o be_v likewise_o include_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o say_a fair_n which_o be_v find_v to_o end_v within_o certain_a prefix_a day_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o those_o two_o city_n wherein_o the_o say_v exchange_n be_v find_v mutual_o and_o respective_o to_o be_v settle_v and_o place_v thereof_o what_o be_v observe_v in_o exchange_v in_o the_o usual_a manner_n thereof_o moreover_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o exchange_v banker_n and_o exchanger_n be_v find_v to_o observe_v this_o custom_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o that_o be_v one_o propound_v his_o money_n in_o a_o whole_a number_n or_o denomination_n and_o the_o other_o consequent_o and_o necessary_o in_o a_o fraction_n break_a number_n or_o lesser_a denomination_n in_o which_o contract_n or_o bargain_n it_o be_v imagine_v that_o these_o two_o either_o person_n or_o place_n will_v negotiate_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o thing_n so_o that_o the_o one_o will_v be_v the_o seller_n and_o the_o other_o the_o buyer_n thereof_o to_o perform_v which_o it_o be_v questionless_a needful_a that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o thing_n make_v the_o rate_n and_o price_n the_o which_o shall_v happen_v without_o any_o contract_n or_o difference_n of_o much_o or_o little_a and_o as_o it_o chance_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o any_o commodity_n so_o fall_v it_o out_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n for_o of_o the_o two_o place_n that_o will_v exchange_v the_o one_o propound_v a_o gross_a sum_n and_o the_o other_o the_o condition_n and_o price_n in_o a_o lesser_a sum_n which_o may_v admit_v either_o a_o increase_n or_o decrease_v in_o estimation_n or_o value_n according_a as_o they_o fall_v to_o agreement_n upon_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a esteem_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n propound_v the_o use_n of_o which_o be_v exemplify_v thus_o example_n example_n if_o placmtia_n will_v exchange_v with_o any_o other_o place_n the_o say_a placentia_n or_o as_o exchanger_n term_v it_o the_o say_v fair_a or_o fiera_n propound_v and_o give_v always_o the_o entire_a sum_n or_o great_a denomination_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o other_o that_o will_v exchange_v therewith_o give_v the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o lesser_a denomination_n this_o sum_n which_o i_o thus_o term_v a_o entire_a or_o whole_a denomination_n fall_v in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v sometime_o one_o crown_n and_o in_o other_o place_n sometime_o 100_o crown_n florin_n or_o ducat_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o find_v to_o be_v practise_v between_o any_o two_o place_n exchange_v for_o each_o place_n give_v either_o a_o denomination_n entire_a of_o one_o to_o another_o or_o of_o one_o hundred_o to_o another_o hundred_o or_o else_o of_o a_o lesser_a dividend_n than_o one_o or_o than_o one_o hundred_o which_o i_o here_o term_v the_o fraction_n break_a number_n or_o small_a denomination_n as_o shall_v be_v more_o plain_o express_v in_o the_o calculate_v table_n follow_v fraction_n what_o a_o entire_a sum_n in_o exchange_n be_v and_o what_o a_o break_a number_n or_o fraction_n now_o as_o touch_v the_o money_n which_o be_v thus_o give_v as_o entire_a or_o whole_a sum_n viz._n one_o or_o one_o hundred_o these_o be_v either_o find_v to_o be_v crown_n ducat_n pound_n florin_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o receive_a quality_n of_o the_o gross_a and_o whole_a money_n which_o that_o place_n be_v find_v to_o have_v current_n that_o will_v give_v so_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o small_a or_o lesser_a denomination_n in_o the_o place_n that_o will_v take_v which_o in_o themselves_o be_v also_o various_a and_o consequent_o of_o divers_a sort_n as_o penny_n sols_n denier_n &c_n &c_n as_o shall_v also_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a table_n judicious_a liberty_n of_o exchange_v to_o the_o judicious_a and_o though_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o one_o place_n give_v a_o exchange_n in_o gross_a money_n and_o another_o place_n in_o small_a as_o be_v before_o relate_v and_o that_o this_o gross_a and_o small_a money_n must_v be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o quality_n and_o kind_n this_o observation_n and_o rule_n prescribe_v notwithstanding_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a but_o that_o exchanger_n may_v though_o i_o confess_v it_o be_v seldom_o see_v at_o their_o pleasure_n propound_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o differ_v or_o contrary_a hereunto_o and_o that_o the_o wise_a and_o judicious_a exchanger_n may_v for_o his_o profit_n ease_n or_o commodity_n propound_v his_o own_o intention_n and_o thereby_o if_o he_o can_v obtain_v a_o beneficial_a bargain_n or_o issue_n according_a to_o his_o design_n and_o plot._n as_o for_o example_n exchange_v ignorant_n exchanger_n censure_v the_o judicious_a of_o vary_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o exchange_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o method_n differ_v from_o this_o or_o the_o common_a rule_n or_o contrary_a to_o that_o way_n that_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o take_v some_o will_v soon_o censure_v he_o of_o folly_n that_o shall_v be_v of_o that_o opinion_n and_o conceive_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v little_o verse_v in_o exchange_a affair_n that_o shall_v either_o propound_v or_o seek_v to_o perform_v such_o a_o thing_n but_o yet_o no_o great_a heed_n be_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o raw_a conceit_n and_o childish_a opinion_n of_o such_o self-willed_a merâ—…nts_n which_o may_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o drench_v in_o ignorance_n or_o drown_v in_o carry_v because_o that_o a_o skilful_a merchant_n may_v as_o i_o have_v allege_v frame_v his_o exchange_n as_o he_o see_v good_a and_o to_o his_o own_o commodity_n the_o which_o very_o oftentimes_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v do_v by_o other_o and_o practise_v daily_o by_o those_o of_o this_o city_n of_o excellent_a judgement_n example_n example_n in_o example_n whereof_o posito_fw-la i_o will_v exchange_v genova_n with_o naples_n between_o which_o two_o place_n the_o use_n and_o custom_n be_v that_o genova_n give_v the_o entire_a sum_n or_o great_a denomination_n which_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o which_o naples_n give_v the_o grain_n 135_o a_o little_a more_o or_o less_o i_o demand_v why_o may_v not_o genova_n give_v that_o whole_a sum_n which_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o 4_o livre_n as_o it_o be_v accustom_v to_o give_v with_o other_o place_n and_o estimate_v the_o same_o by_o 120_o grain_n naples_n and_o thereby_o the_o exchange_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o first_o manner_n before_o mention_v and_o further_o why_o may_v not_o the_o contrary_n be_v practise_v naples_n give_v the_o whole_a denomination_n which_o may_v be_v decat_n one_o for_o sold._n 66_o 8_o d._n and_o so_o vary_v in_o as_o many_o form_n as_o they_o please_v wherein_o i_o confess_v i_o never_o yet_o find_v any_o exchange_n make_v neither_o do_v know_v any_o true_a reason_n that_o the_o common_a cuâ—…oms_n shall_v be_v alter_v though_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o note_v the_o same_o here_o that_o each_o know_a merchant_n may_v bold_o use_v which_o he_o please_v for_o to_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o value_n and_o course_n of_o both_o the_o place_n exchange_v there_o will_v appear_v no_o difficulty_n therein_o and_o i_o wish_v that_o those_o which_o know_v no_o other_o way_n but_o their_o own_o content_v themselves_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o understanding_n and_o suffer_v other_o of_o better_a judgement_n without_o their_o censure_n to_o follow_v their_o own_o when_o it_o be_v to_o their_o benefit_n or_o commodity_n chap._n cclxxv_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n follow_v exchange_n declaration_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n the_o table_n of_o exchange_n of_o the_o city_n here_o follow_v be_v form_v and_o dispose_v in_o this_o nature_n first_o in_o the_o front_n thereof_o there_o be_v place_v the_o name_n of_o the_o town_n or_o
city_n exchange_v and_o in_o what_o region_n or_o country_n seat_v second_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n wherein_o the_o account_n in_o that_o city_n be_v keep_v by_o exchanger_n three_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o money_n in_o use_n be_v observe_v and_o in_o what_o coin_n imaginary_a or_o real_a that_o city_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v its_o exchange_n with_o the_o other_o there_o mention_v four_o underneath_o that_o be_v orderly_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o other_o place_n the_o which_o by_o a_o line_n be_v find_v to_o be_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o and_o last_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o line_n be_v write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o city_n itself_o for_o which_o the_o say_a table_n in_o the_o say_a leaf_n be_v make_v as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o leaf_n which_o be_v for_o placentia_n in_o italy_n where_o beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v these_o word_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o the_o which_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o including_z line_n draw_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a have_v reference_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o place_n which_o be_v so_o include_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o reâ—e_n with_o genova_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n from_o one_o to_o another_o next_o to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a name_n of_o place_n follow_v the_o species_n or_o money_n exchange_v either_o by_o a_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o by_o a_o break_a and_o lesser_a denomination_n which_o the_o place_n in_o the_o table_n give_v in_o exchange_n by_o proportion_n with_o the_o other_o to_o who_o name_n the_o say_a money_n be_v place_v and_o put_v unto_o as_o to_o say_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n 100_o crown_n that_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o exchange_v between_o placentia_n and_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n be_v suppose_v and_o put_v by_o a_o equivalency_n or_o in_o value_n to_o that_o quantity_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v note_v in_o lion_n follow_v as_o in_o the_o say_a example_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o crown_n 97¾_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o say_a exchange_n that_o for_o every_o 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n or_o of_o fiera_n or_o of_o mark_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o lion_n counter-payeth_a or_o give_v 97¾_n of_o his_o crown_n that_o be_v of_o the_o sun_n also_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n crown_n 1._o for_o sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n it_o give_v or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o sell_v crownâ—_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o genova_n sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v lessen_v though_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n differ_v from_o the_o present_a rate_n yet_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v not_o any_o way_n lessen_v and_o whereas_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o these_o exchange_n may_v here_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v from_o the_o current_a rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o sundry_a place_n as_o at_o this_o very_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o that_o can_v take_v away_o the_o benefit_n that_o may_v redound_v to_o merchant_n by_o the_o use_n thereof_o nor_o prejudice_v the_o labour_n or_o judgement_n of_o he_o that_o calculate_v the_o say_a table_n because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n do_v hourly_o differ_v and_o the_o money_n also_o be_v find_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v daily_o in_o sundry_a place_n upon_o which_o these_o exchange_n have_v their_o ground_n work_v and_o foundation_n and_o though_o a_o table_n be_v calculate_v precise_o to_o this_o present_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o ever_o the_o same_o can_v be_v publish_v it_o will_v find_v a_o disagreement_n in_o divers_a place_n chap._n cclxxvi_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n example_n the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n by_o three_o example_n the_o method_n be_v thus_o understand_v the_o use_n thereof_o be_v easy_o comprehend_v which_o by_o three_o example_n i_o shall_v illustrate_v and_o make_v plain_a where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o exchange_v of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o the_o rate_n mention_v in_o this_o table_n be_v not_o observable_a save_v only_o for_o the_o example_n sake_n and_o for_o instruction_n in_o the_o contract_n that_o may_v be_v make_v thereupon_o but_o the_o rate_v agree_v upon_o and_o by_o which_o the_o exchange_n be_v condition_v by_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o taker_n be_v the_o true_a and_o firm_a rule_n whereby_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v example_n first_o example_n notwithstanding_o for_o the_o first_o example_n we_o will_v propound_v a_o question_n by_o a_o contract_a price_n according_a to_o the_o current_a rate_n mention_v in_o this_o say_a table_n and_o that_o from_o naples_n a_o merchant_n will_v exchange_v ducat_n 738._o 4._o 10._o with_o placentia_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n shuâ—_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o table_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o town_n of_o placentia_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n at_o grain_n 133_o for_o a_o crown_n by_o these_o three_o number_n in_o the_o table_n mention_v i_o work_v thus_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o thres_n say_v if_o 133_o grain_n give_v 1_o crown_n how_o many_o do_v 738_o ducat_n 4._o 10._o give_v and_o work_v arithmetical_o according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n it_o make_v 555_o crown_n 11._o 3._o of_o mark_n in_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v in_o â—…era_n of_o the_o say_v placentia_n example_n second_o example_n for_o a_o second_o example_n i_o will_v propound_v that_o naples_n will_v exchange_v 500_o ducat_n with_o placentia_n at_o sold._n 18._o 2_o d._n etc._n etc._n this_o example_n consider_v will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a save_v that_o in_o the_o former_a naples_n give_v the_o lesser_a or_o break_a number_n and_o in_o this_o naples_n give_v the_o whole_a and_o entire_a number_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o find_v to_o differ_v as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n in_o simple_a exchange_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sol._n 18._o and_o den._n 2._o of_o valentia_n be_v pay_v for_o 1_o ducat_n of_o naples_n and_o by_o that_o price_n and_o rate_n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o livre_n of_o that_o money_n of_o valentia_n the_o propose_a sum_n of_o 500_o ducat_n in_o naples_n come_v into_o and_o by_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o table_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o three_o i_o say_v if_o one_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 18_o sol._n 2_o den._n how_o many_o shall_v 500_o be_v worth_n and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o make_v 454_o liurâ—s_n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n will_v 500_o ducat_n of_o naples_n give_v at_o the_o price_n aforementioned_a thus_o example_n three_o example_n all_o other_o exchange_n have_v their_o resolution_n as_o these_o two_o former_a but_o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v true_a some_o accident_n may_v interpose_v which_o may_v cause_v the_o question_n to_o have_v a_o double_a work_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o genova_n will_v exchange_v with_o venetia_n crown_n 1000_o of_o liures_fw-fr 4._o to_o livre_n 7_o l._n 10_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n and_o the_o credit_n be_v require_v in_o ducat_n now_o then_o because_o the_o simple_a exchange_n give_v the_o money_n in_o livre_n you_o must_v make_v another_o reckon_n to_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o ducat_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o in_o any_o other_o case_n will_v i_o have_v but_o one_o account_n make_v the_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n multiply_v i_o say_v then_o if_o 1_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7._o 100_o den._n and_o that_o 6_o s._n 4_o den._n be_v worth_n one_o ducat_n how_o many_o ducat_n will_v a_o 1000_o crown_n make_v and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 1209_o ducat_n 13._o 6_o d._n for_o credit_n which_o from_o genova_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o thousand_o crown_n in_o venice_n the_o question_n be_v well_o observe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o money_n be_v account_v by_o livre_n sol_n and_o den._n or_o as_o we_o say_v in_o england_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n it_o be_v account_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o sol._n or_o shill_n 20_o
here_o proper_o in_o the_o general_a say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o distinct_a kind_n the_o one_o as_o appertain_v to_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o private_a estate_n and_o interest_n the_o first_o i_o hold_v proper_a and_o fit_v the_o knowledge_n of_o counsellor_n and_o statesman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a and_o fit_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trading-merchant_n the_o find_v out_o of_o both_o which_o parson_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o par._n 1._o prince_n par._n the_o first_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o i_o term_v here_o the_o prince_n par_fw-fr or_o the_o sovereign_n value_n for_o value_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n city_n or_o place_n the_o several_a standard_n thereof_o so_o equal_o proportion_v so_o true_o and_o just_o by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o mint_n rectify_v that_o each_o prince_n his_o coin_n in_o exchange_n may_v have_v its_o due_a allowance_n according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o fineness_n coarsness_n and_o badness_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o herein_o to_o make_v and_o to_o settle_v this_o abovenamed_a par_n exact_o betwixt_o one_o kingdom_n and_o another_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o those_o of_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n with_o the_o real_a proportion_n that_o happen_v therein_o not_o only_o between_o our_o own_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o other_o country_n this_o examination_n comparison_n and_o proportion_n due_o right_o and_o real_o examine_v compare_v and_o proportion_v and_o no_o difference_n inequality_n or_o disproportion_n find_v or_o admit_v therein_o then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o kingdom_n hereby_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o own_o pound_n sterling_a contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n italy_n germany_n netherlands_o eastland_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o our_o own_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n dollar_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o real_a or_o imaginary_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_v and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v thereon_o i_o here_o call_v the_o prince_n his_o par_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o his_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o country_n and_o kingdom_n par._n 2._o merchant_n par._n the_o second_o par_n i_o call_v the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n par_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ground_v partly_o upon_o the_o sovereign_n or_o prince_n par_n abovementioned_a but_o principal_o upon_o the_o current_a value_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhansement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o such_o merchant_n as_o be_v exchanger_n do_v endeavour_n by_o certain_a rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o equalise_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o prince_n or_o country_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o every_o man_n that_o deliver_v his_o money_n in_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o have_v it_o in_o another_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v ever_o curious_a to_o understand_v either_o the_o loss_n or_o gain_n that_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o distinguish_v by_o the_o knowledge_n and_o find_v out_o this_o par_fw-fr aforementioned_a for_o find_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o he_o that_o remit_v to_o know_v either_o by_o his_o own_o advice_n judgement_n or_o otherwise_o how_o much_o the_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n or_o pound_v whence_o he_o remit_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n whither_o he_o will_v make_v his_o remittance_n unto_o as_o for_o example_n have_v money_n in_o lion_n in_o france_n which_o i_o will_v remit_v for_o antwerp_n i_o ought_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v real_o worth_a in_o antwerp_n as_o presuppose_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n of_o 67_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n 7_o sols_n turnâ—…_n be_v worth_a by_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o course_n thereof_o 100_o gross_v there_o i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o a_o real_a crown_n of_o 60_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n turnois_n the_o crown_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v worth_a multiply_a and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n require_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v sols_n 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n turnois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n thereby_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hereby_o evident_a that_o 89_o â—7_n 67_o gross_a be_v the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n the_o which_o rule_n may_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n in_o remittance_n for_o all_o other_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o any_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o herein_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o species_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o daily_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o every_o day_n according_a to_o present_v occasion_n likewise_o alter_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o at_o one_o rate_n and_o sometime_o at_o another_o and_o this_o par_n be_v the_o matter_n whereupon_o all_o merchant_n exchange_n for_o profit_n and_o loss_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o value_v for_o value_n which_o in_o this_o follow_a tract_n i_o principal_o and_o fundamental_o aim_v at_o now_o the_o last_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o place_n and_o now_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o method_n form_n and_o manner_n how_o the_o account_n of_o these_o divers_a exchange_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v between_o one_o merchant_n and_o another_o cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v which_o indeed_o principal_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o pen_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o arithmetician_n which_o as_o a_o necessary_a adjunct_n and_o needful_a furtherance_n to_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v hereto_o insert_v and_o have_v herein_o pitch_v upon_o the_o principal_a place_n here_o mention_v willing_o omit_v the_o least_o and_o rest_n of_o they_o have_v fit_v to_o such_o as_o i_o have_v conceive_v the_o most_o worthy_a apt_a question_n and_o their_o solution_n from_o one_o town_n or_o city_n to_o another_o with_o the_o denomination_n of_o their_o several_a account_n and_o species_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o brief_a calculation_n thereof_o and_o the_o short_a proof_n of_o each_o prescribe_a rule_n and_o position_n add_v for_o conclusion_n to_o each_o general_a city_n of_o exchange_n some_o example_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v according_a to_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o place_n omit_v some_o other_o principal_a point_n wherein_o i_o may_v have_v enlarge_v both_o this_o matter_n and_o subject_n that_o the_o ingedious_a head_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o learner_n may_v have_v room_n and_o scope_n to_o work_v upon_o according_a either_o to_o his_o desire_n capacity_n or_o inclination_n chap_n ccciii_o of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o lion_n and_o how_o the_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v lion_n example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v only_o in_o use_n four_o time_n a_o year_n which_o be_v first_o 1._o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n begin_v the_o 6_o of_o march_n after_o their_o style_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o month._n 2._o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n the_o 6_o of_o june_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o august_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o all-saint_n the_o 6_o of_o december_n lion_n the_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o acceptance_n of_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o be_v always_o make_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o each_o payment_n which_o acceptance_n hold_v in_o themselves_o both_o a_o promise_n and_o
penny_n and_o money_n for_o francfort_n at_o florin_n 132â…•_n i_o demand_v then_o at_o these_o rate_n whether_o this_o commission_n without_o breach_n of_o order_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o do_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o see_v that_o venice_n give_v the_o certain_a price_n to_o both_o those_o say_v two_o place_n if_o 56_o penny_n sterl_n give_v 130_o florin_n the_o limit_a price_n what_o shall_v 57¼_n penny_n give_v the_o price_n find_v and_o it_o will_v make_v flor._n 132_o 9_o 10_o from_o which_o deduct_v 10_o s._n 7_o den._n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v take_v at_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n there_o will_v remain_v flor._n 132._o 7._o 5_o so_o that_o thereby_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v perform_v with_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o 57¼_n penny_n sterl_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o francfort_n at_o florin_n 132._o 7._o 5_o and_o the_o money_n that_o be_v find_v be_v at_o flor._n 132â…•_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o example_n example_n 2._o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o florence_n be_v creditor_n in_o venice_n posito_fw-la 2000_o ducat_n of_o banco_n who_o order_v that_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v unto_o he_o at_o crow_n 81½_n thence_o or_o by_o the_o way_n of_o antwerp_n at_o gross_a 91¼_n and_o to_o take_v the_o most_o beneficial_a way_n of_o the_o two_o and_o find_v a_o remittance_n by_o both_o to_o profit_v according_a to_o the_o limit_a price_n the_o order_n be_v to_o take_v the_o most_o prositable_a of_o the_o two_o and_o find_v the_o remit_v tance_n produce_v loss_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o least_o now_o then_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o florence_n as_o i_o say_v at_o 82½_n crow_n and_o for_o antwerp_n at_o 92_o 7_o 10_o grow_v i_o will_v know_v by_o which_o the_o remittance_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o the_o remittance_n may_v be_v make_v to_o profit_n and_o desirous_a to_o find_v out_o the_o most_o profitable_a you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 81½_n give_v gross_a 91¼_n the_o price_n limit_v what_o shall_v 82½_n crow_n give_v which_o be_v the_o price_n find_v and_o it_o will_v make_v gross_v 92_o 7_o 10_o or_o thereabouts_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n must_v be_v make_v by_o florence_n straight_o because_o that_o remit_v by_o that_o way_n at_o 82½_n crow_n to_o make_v the_o price_n you_o shall_v remit_v to_o antwerp_n at_o 92_o 7_o 10_o gross_a and_o there_o be_v no_o bill_n find_v but_o at_o gross_a 92_o 9_o 10_o as_o it_o be_v see_v wrought_v by_o this_o example_n example_n 3._o example_n again_o posito_fw-la from_o lion_n the_o exchange_n go_v for_o venice_n at_o duc._n 117â…–_n and_o for_o naples_n at_o duc._n 125_o i_o demand_v give_v order_n to_o lion_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o make_v draught_n to_o venice_n and_o remit_v 〈◊〉_d naples_n at_o what_o price_n then_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v out_o to_o be_v from_o venice_n to_o naples_n to_o know_v â—aich_a say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o ducat_n 117â…–_n of_o venice_n the_o price_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o sol._n of_o gold_n of_o lion_n give_v at_o naples_n duc._n 125_o how_o many_o will_n duc._n 100_o give_v of_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 106½_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o so_o much_o credit_n must_v be_v have_v in_o naples_n for_o duc._n 100_o of_o lib._n 6â…•_n which_o be_v disburse_v in_o venice_n out_o of_o which_o must_v be_v deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v pay_v in_o lion_n example_n 4._o example_n again_o in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n come_v order_n from_o florence_n to_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 136_o and_o to_o prevail_v on_o they_o at_o crow_n 80_o not_o of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v make_v for_o 5000_o crown_n of_o mark_n now_o the_o say_v 5000_o crow_n of_o mark_n be_v find_v for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135_o and_o for_o florence_n may_v be_v draw_v duc._n 2000_o at_o crown_n 80¼_n i_o will_v know_v at_o what_o price_n must_v the_o rest_n be_v down_o to_o know_v which_o i_o must_v first_o see_v for_o remittance_n of_o the_o say_a crew_n 5000_o of_o mark_n at_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n it_o be_v at_o florence_n and_o to_o do_v this_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o duc._n 136_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o they_o make_v duc._n 6000_o without_o calculation_n of_o provisiâ—…_n see_v that_o the_o order_n be_v not_o of_o charge_n you_o must_v multiply_v they_o by_o crown_n 80_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 5440_o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o the_o draught_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v for_o the_o say_a crow_n 5000_o of_o mark_n by_o remittance_n and_o afterward_o multiply_v the_o say_a crown_n 5000_o by_o duc._n 135_o per_fw-la cent_n the_o price_n that_o be_v find_v it_o make_v duc._n 6750._o to_o which_o add_v duc._n 27._o for_o the_o provision_n at_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n see_v that_o the_o draught_n must_v be_v make_v for_o florence_n and_o they_o will_v be_v duc._n 6777_o out_o of_o which_o deduct_v duc._n 2000_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v draw_v at_o crown_n 80¼_n there_o will_v rest_v duc._n 4777_o and_o for_o the_o say_v duc._n 2000_o there_o disbursement_n be_v at_o florence_n crown_n 1605â—_n which_o must_v be_v deduct_v out_o of_o crow_n 5440_o which_o must_v be_v draw_v there_o will_v remain_v crown_n 3835_o of_o gold_n which_o must_v be_v draw_v for_o the_o which_o i_o must_v be_v imburse_v at_o venice_n ducat_n 4777_o and_o to_o know_v at_o what_o price_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 4777_o give_v by_o disbursement_n at_o florence_n crown_v 3835_o of_o gold_n what_o will_v duc._n 100_o give_v and_o it_o will_v make_v crow_n 80._o 5._o 7._o of_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a partido_n of_o duc._n 4777_o may_v be_v draw_v and_o the_o other_o duc._n 2000_o at_o 80¼_n crow_n and_o so_o for_o both_o these_o parcel_n must_v be_v draw_v crown_v 5440_o as_o be_v inorder_v and_o there_o be_v imburse_v duc._n 6777_o there_o be_v per_fw-la contra_fw-la disburse_v duc._n 6750_o for_o the_o remittance_n of_o the_o say_a crown_n 5000_o of_o mark_n at_o duc._n 135._o per_fw-la cent_n and_o duc._n 27_o which_o be_v imburse_v over_o and_o above_o proceed_v from_o the_o provision_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n this_o say_a commission_n will_v remain_v perform_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o committee_n inordered_a as_o by_o example_n the_o same_o will_v appear_v evident_a follow_v note_n note_n and_o note_n when_o the_o say_a city_n of_o venice_n exchange_v for_o naples_n rome_n antwerp_n and_o london_n and_o that_o you_o will_v know_v at_o how_o much_o come_v the_o money_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o say_a place_n for_o lion_n or_o placentia_n the_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o florence_n and_o placentia_n always_o multiply_v the_o price_n by_o which_o the_o exchange_n go_v for_o lion_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o other_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v remit_v or_o draw_v and_o therefore_o for_o brevity_n sake_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o propound_v here_o any_o further_a example_n chap._n ccclxxxii_o of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o venice_n venice_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o venice_n the_o term_n from_o venice_n to_o naples_n and_o gaietta_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n at_o 30_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n and_o lucca_n at_o 20_o after_o date_n and_o 5_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 45_o day_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 75_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o sevil_n at_o 90_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o bridge_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o 15_o day_n back_o to_o milan_n at_o 12_o day_n sight_n and_o 20_o day_n thence_o after_o date_n to_o constantinople_n 5_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccclxxxiii_o example_n of_o the_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v in_o placentia_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v placentia_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o placentia_n
100_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2500_o which_o florence_n be_v to_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remain_v of_o the_o division_n they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v because_o that_o 24_o gross_n make_v a_o duc._n of_o lib._n 6._o 4_o sols_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v more_o evident_a when_o venice_n do_v rechange_v for_o florence_n chap._n cccciv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n florence_n be_v say_v to_o exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la crown_v 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 1600_o 2_o sol_n 5_o den._n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n for_o in_o rome_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n at_o 92¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 1476_o 2_o sol_n 2_o den._n of_o gold_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v evident_a when_o this_o parcel_n be_v rechange_v from_o rome_n to_o flounce_v chap._n ccccu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n florence_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la duc._n 119â…”_n of_o tarry_v 5_o per_fw-mi duc._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 780._o 15_o of_o gold_n what_o credit_n in_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n to_o do_v which_o first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n by_o grain_n 119â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n because_o it_o be_v so_o many_o grain_n per_fw-mi crow_n as_o it_o come_v to_o be_v duc._n for_o crow_n 100_o and_o they_o make_v grain_n 93429._o of_o which_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n say_v that_o the_o duc._n be_v worth_n 100_o grain_n and_o they_o make_v duc._n 934._o and_o for_o the_o grain_n 29_o tarry_v 1_o and_o grain_n 9_o and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n as_o by_o this_o example_n be_v show_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o naples_n be_v see_v to_o exchange_v with_o florence_n chap._n ccccvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n groff_n 112½_n posito_fw-la i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 1400._o 12._o 8._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o pound_n of_o groff_n be_o i_o to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n to_o do_v this_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a price_n of_o gross_n 112½_n and_o it_o make_v gross_v 157571._o of_o which_o take_v the_o 1½_n to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 13130_o and_o gross_a 11._o which_o to_o reduce_v to_o pound_n cut_v off_o the_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o say_a sol_n or_o shilling_n and_o take_v ½_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o make_v pound_n 656_o and_o for_o the_o ten_o that_o be_v remain_v it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v 10_o sol_n and_o if_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o have_v be_v any_o number_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o 10_o sol_n and_o it_o thus_o make_v pound_n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n london_n note_v florence_n with_o london_n note_v that_o when_o florence_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n which_o be_v seldom_o in_o use_n the_o rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o same_o in_o sterling_a money_n be_v this_o as_o above_o with_o antwerp_n in_o flemish_a pound_n chap._n ccccvii_n to_o reduce_v crown_n of_o 7_o l._n in_o florence_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7½_n if_o in_o florence_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o crown_n of_o money_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n per_fw-la crow_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n ½_n you_o must_v take_v the_o 1â…•_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o money_n and_o the_o remainder_n will_v be_v crown_n of_o gold_n and_o if_o again_o you_o will_v reduce_v crown_n of_o gold_n into_o crown_n of_o money_n you_o must_v add_v contrary_o to_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n 1¼_n and_o they_o will_v be_v so_o many_o crown_n of_o money_n as_o for_o example_n chap._n ccccviii_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o florence_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v from_o florence_n to_o naples_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o 15_o day_n sight_n to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o 20_o day_n after_o date_n to_o bologna_n at_o 3_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o and_o so_o for_o pisa_n to_o ferrara_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o perugia_n and_o sciena_n at_o 2_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o 45_o day_n after_o date_n to_o gaietta_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n 2_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o ancona_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 40_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o the_o fair_n and_o thence_o 15_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n to_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o milan_n at_o 10_o day_n fight_v and_o so_o back_o to_o aquila_n and_o sermona_n at_o 11_o day_n sight_n to_o comerino_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccix._n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n in_o tuscany_n florence_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o florence_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o florence_n example_n 1_o example_n to_o florence_n then_o come_v advice_n from_o venice_n that_o the_o exchange_n for_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n come_v at_o crow_n 80½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135½_n they_o inorder_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n that_o at_o this_o rate_n they_o make_v a_o remittance_n to_o florence_n and_o draw_v from_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o draught_n of_o florence_n for_o placentia_n come_v unto_o to_o do_v this_o multiply_v duc._n 135½_n which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n by_o crow_n 80½_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o duc._n 100_o of_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 109._o 19_o from_o which_o take_v 2_o â—_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n pay_v at_o venice_n and_o there_o will_v rest_v crow_n 108._o 12._o 10._o and_o so_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n be_v imburse_v at_o florence_n for_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n for_o a_o debt_n at_o placentia_n as_o thus_o for_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o one_o of_o venice_n be_v creditor_n in_o florence_n crow_n 3000_o of_o gold_n who_o inorder_v that_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v unto_o he_o at_o crow_n 81½_n or_o by_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110_o where_o the_o most_o advance_v and_o profit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o find_v a_o remittance_n in_o both_o place_n to_o benefit_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v where_o the_o profit_n and_o benefit_n be_v great_a and_o find_v the_o remittance_n to_o loss_n the_o remittance_n be_v make_v where_o the_o damage_n be_v least_o there_o be_v then_o bill_n find_v for_o venice_n at_o crow_n 82¼_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110â…š_n i_o demand_v by_o which_o of_o the_o two_o
3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o
merchant_n and_o so_o his_o credit_n may_v not_o suffer_v through_o any_o dilemma_n or_o demur_n in_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o letter_n as_o for_o the_o plain_a meaning_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o merchant_n himself_o to_o be_v responsible_a for_o the_o same_o that_o the_o merchant_n do_v mention_n or_o recite_v something_o or_o other_o particular_o which_o have_v happen_v in_o some_o former_a affair_n or_o deal_n or_o which_o be_v yet_o depend_v between_o they_o or_o at_o least_o the_o date_n of_o his_o last_o letter_n now_o in_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n he_o that_o write_v it_o make_v use_v of_o his_o credit_n for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o concern_v in_o his_o way_n of_o trade_n and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o his_o letter_n of_o credit_n to_o make_v he_o liable_a to_o repay_v what_o shall_v be_v so_o furnish_v but_o in_o the_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n he_o who_o write_v the_o letter_n do_v it_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o money_n himself_o or_o to_o be_v employ_v for_o his_o own_o use_n but_o for_o the_o use_n and_o accommodation_n of_o some_o other_o man_n at_o who_o request_n he_o be_v willing_a and_o do_v write_v his_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o ordinary_a for_o he_o at_o who_o entreaty_n the_o letter_n be_v write_v at_o the_o writing_n and_o upon_o receipt_n thereof_o to_o give_v good_a security_n by_o bond_n or_o otherwise_o to_o the_o merchant_n that_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o repayment_n to_o he_o his_o executor_n or_o assign_v of_o all_o such_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v receive_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n for_o the_o merchant_n by_o his_o letter_n stand_v sufficient_o bind_v to_o his_o correspondent_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o he_o for_o who_o the_o letter_n be_v grant_v shall_v give_v as_o it_o be_v his_o counterbond_n for_o repayment_n the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v for_o monies_n take_v up_o by_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v run_v in_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o several_a towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o treatise_n as_o for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n in_o regard_n each_o man_n know_v best_a his_o own_o occasion_n induce_v he_o thereunto_o whereof_o the_o letter_n must_v chief_o consist_v i_o shall_v wave_v it_o and_o only_o set_v down_o the_o form_n of_o a_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n which_o may_v be_v as_o follow_v laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n this_o 29._o of_o february_n 1654._o mr._n william_n m._n sir_n my_o last_o to_o you_o be_v of_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n wherein_o i_o write_v you_o what_o needful_a in_o answer_n to_o you_o of_o the_o 7_o of_o the_o same_o month_n this_o serve_v chief_o to_o desire_v you_o to_o furnish_v and_o pay_v to_o mr._n john_n g._n english_a gentleman_n to_o the_o value_n of_o two_o thousand_o crown_n at_o one_o or_o more_o time_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n and_o desire_v the_o same_o of_o you_o take_v his_o receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n which_o you_o shall_v so_o furnish_v he_o with_o and_o put_v it_o to_o my_o account_n and_o this_o my_o letter_n of_o credit_n shall_v be_v your_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o so_o do_v vale._n you_o thomas_n p._n to_o mr._n william_n m._n merchant_n at_o paris_n such_o a_o letter_n as_o this_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v open_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o but_o then_o the_o merchant_n that_o write_v this_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v usual_o give_v notice_n thereof_o in_o or_o by_o his_o next_o letter_n which_o he_o shall_v write_v to_o his_o friend_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v who_o have_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o take_v receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o must_v send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o he_o to_o demand_v payment_n thereupon_o of_o those_o that_o of_o right_n shall_v appertain_v according_a to_o reason_n put_v bill_n in_o letter-case_n or_o almanac_n in_o regard_n bill_n of_o exchange_n though_o of_o great_a concern_v be_v ordinary_o write_v upon_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n about_o 3_o or_o four_o finger_n broad_a by_o reason_n of_o which_o they_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v lose_v especial_o if_o you_o carry_v they_o loose_v about_o you_o therefore_o i_o will_v advise_v you_o for_o prevention_n to_o keep_v a_o letter-case_n or_o which_o be_v better_o a_o pocket-almanack_n or_o small_a pocket_n paper-book_n with_o clasp_n and_o put_v your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n therein_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v clean_a and_o whole_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v lose_v how_o to_o bring_v french_a crown_n into_o sterling_a mony_n if_o you_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n send_v you_o from_o france_n the_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v in_o london_n and_o your_o bill_n be_v remit_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o crown_n at_o such_o or_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o know_v how_o much_o you_o must_v receive_v here_o in_o sterling_a money_n you_o must_v first_o bring_v your_o french_a crown_n into_o penny_n sterling_a at_o the_o price_n or_o rate_n set_v down_o in_o your_o bill_n and_o then_o bring_v your_o penny_n into_o pound_n and_o you_o have_v your_o desire_n as_o for_o example_n if_o your_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o pay_v 250_o crown_n at_o 56¼_n d._n per_fw-la crown_n first_o multiply_v the_o 250_o crown_n by_o 56_o d._n this_o make_v 14000_o penny_n whereunto_o add_v for_o the_o ¼_n 62½_n penny_n because_o 62½_n be_v the_o ¼_n part_n of_o 250_o and_o it_o will_v make_v 14062½_n sterling_a and_o divide_v the_o 14062_o by_o 240_o d._n because_o 240_o d._n make_v a_o pound_n sterling_a and_o it_o will_v produce_v 58_o pound_n sterling_a and_o there_o will_v remain_v 142_o penny_n which_o divide_v by_o 12_o d._n will_v make_v 11_o shilling_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v 10_o d._n then_o add_v the_o ½_n d._n remain_v of_o your_o multiplication_n and_o the_o total_a be_v 58_o 11_o 10½_n as_o for_o example_n thus_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n you_o may_v reduce_v ducat_n dollar_n and_o piece_n of_o eight_o into_o sterling_a money_n when_o you_o know_v how_o many_o penny_n sterling_a the_o ducat_n dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o for_o the_o exchange_n thereof_o but_o because_o this_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o arithmetic_n whereof_o divers_a able_a man_n have_v already_o publish_v several_a treatise_n in_o french_a and_o dutch_a and_o also_o in_o english_a some_z whereof_z have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o proceed_v any_o further_a herein_o it_o suffice_v that_o what_o i_o have_v in_o this_o treatise_n declare_v be_v warrantable_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o enough_o to_o guide_v any_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o what_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v publish_v by_o any_o which_o i_o will_v aver_v and_o justify_v direction_n concern_v the_o two_o ensue_a table_n the_o first_o table_n be_v for_o any_o year_n except_o leap-year_n the_o second_o table_n be_v for_o leap-year_n only_o which_o happen_v every_o four_o year_n as_o namely_o anno_fw-la 1700_o 1704_o 1708_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o either_o of_o these_o table_n i_o have_v put_v the_o new_a style_n or_o the_o roman_a account_n of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o year_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v ten_o day_n before_o our_o english_a account_n and_o i_o have_v place_v the_o english_a account_n or_o old_a style_n in_o the_o second_o column_n and_o so_o again_o the_o new_a style_n in_o the_o three_o column_n and_o our_o english_a style_n in_o the_o four_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o the_o left-hand_a to_o the_o right_n every_o odd_a column_n which_o have_v the_o month_n name_v at_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v the_o new_a style_n account_n and_o every_o second_o or_o even_a column_n which_o have_v not_o the_o month_n write_v at_o the_o top_n be_v the_o old_a style_n account_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v because_o the_o month_n begin_v just_a ten_o day_n after_o they_o be_v begin_v by_o the_o new_a account_n and_o in_o both_o these_o table_n i_o have_v exact_o count_v day_n for_o day_n and_o set_v they_o side_n by_o side_n upon_o a_o equal_a and_o strait_a line_n from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n from_o new_a style_n to_o old_a style_n for_o every_o day_n in_o the_o year_n leap-year_n contain_v 366_o day_n and_o the_o ordinary_a year_n 365_o day_n each_o style_n agree_v with_o the_o
here_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o value_n with_o our_o standard_n will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n coin_n merchant_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o foreign_a coin_n the_o discreet_a merchant_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o his_o trade_n and_o his_o exchange_n by_o bill_n to_o and_o from_o the_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o he_o be_v accustom_v to_o deal_v do_v careful_o learn_v the_o parity_n or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o weight_n and_o fineness_n compare_v with_o our_o standard_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o know_v perfect_o the_o just_a profit_n or_o loss_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o we_o trade_n to_o divers_a place_n where_o we_o vent_v off_o our_o native_a commodity_n yearly_a to_o a_o great_a value_n and_o yet_o find_v few_o or_o no_o ware_n there_o fit_v our_o use_n whereby_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v our_o return_n in_o ready_a money_n which_o by_o we_o be_v either_o carry_v into_o some_o other_o country_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o ware_n which_o we_o want_v or_o else_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o be_v tolerate_v to_o pass_v currant_n here_o in_o payment_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a to_o be_v coin_v into_o sterling_a money_n that_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o great_a quantity_n will_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o when_o all_o the_o circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v this_o course_n likewise_o will_v be_v find_v as_o weak_a as_o the_o rest_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n first_o the_o toleration_n itself_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o intercourse_n and_o will_v soon_o move_v other_o prince_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o act_n or_o worse_o against_o we_o and_o so_o frustrate_v our_o hope_n second_o if_o money_n be_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o other_o mean_n and_o foreign_a coin_n tolerate_v to_o pass_v current_n among_o we_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a be_v compare_v with_o our_o standard_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v not_o be_v just_o distribute_v when_o that_o pass_v by_o a_o false_a measure_n three_o if_o the_o advantage_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v but_o small_a that_o will_v bring_v in_o little_a or_o no_o treasure_n because_o the_o merchant_n will_v rather_o bring_v in_o ware_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v usual_o a_o competent_a gain_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o we_o permit_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o foreign_a coin_n than_o that_o gain_n will_v carry_v away_o all_o our_o sterling_a money_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v this_o business_n in_o a_o dilemma_n and_o fruitless_a as_o all_o other_o course_n will_v ever_o prove_v which_o seek_v for_o the_o gain_n or_o loss_n of_o our_o treasure_n out_o of_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o general_a foreign_a trade_n as_o i_o will_v endeavour_v yet_o further_o to_o demonstrate_v chap._n v._o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v by_o stranger_n can_v increase_v nor_o yet_o preserve_v our_o treasure_n to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o work_n of_o no_o less_o skill_n and_o difficulty_n than_o to_o augment_v our_o treasure_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o preservation_n and_o production_n be_v the_o same_o in_o nature_n the_o statute_n for_o employment_n of_o stranger_n be_v ware_n into_o our_o commodity_n seem_v at_o first_o to_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o lawful_a way_n lead_v to_o those_o end_n but_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o particular_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o can_v produce_v such_o good_a effect_n nation_n the_o use_n of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o to_o all_o nation_n for_o as_o the_o use_v of_o foreign_a trade_n be_v alike_o unto_o all_o nation_n so_o may_v we_o easy_o perceive_v what_o will_v be_v do_v therein_o by_o stranger_n when_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v our_o own_o proceed_n in_o this_o weighty_a business_n by_o which_o we_o do_v not_o only_o seek_v with_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n to_o supply_v our_o want_n of_o foreign_a ware_n but_o also_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o with_o treasure_n all_o which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o different_a manner_n of_o trading_n according_a to_o our_o own_o occasion_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n whereunto_o we_o do_v trade_n as_o namely_o in_o some_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n and_o bring_v away_o their_o ware_n or_o part_n in_o money_n in_o other_o country_n we_o sell_v our_o good_n and_o take_v their_o money_n because_o they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o ware_n that_o fit_a our_o turn_n again_o in_o some_o place_n we_o have_v need_n of_o their_o commodity_n but_o they_o have_v little_a use_n of_o we_o so_o they_o take_v our_o money_n which_o we_o get_v in_o other_o country_n and_o thus_o by_o a_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o change_v according_a to_o the_o accurent_n of_o time_n the_o particular_a member_n do_v accommodate_v each_o other_o and_o all_o accomplish_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o trade_n destroy_v how_o foreign_a trade_n be_v destroy_v which_o will_v ever_o languish_v if_o the_o harmony_n of_o her_o health_n be_v distemper_v by_o the_o disease_n of_o excess_n at_o home_n violence_n abroad_o charge_n and_o restriction_n at_o home_n or_o abroad_o but_o in_o this_o place_n i_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v only_o of_o restriction_n which_o i_o will_v perform_v brief_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o a_o merchant_n make_v the_o return_n of_o his_o ware_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o money_n in_o commodity_n or_o by_o exchange_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n do_v not_o only_o restrain_v money_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o seem_a providence_n and_o justice_n but_o also_o the_o use_n of_o the_o exchange_n by_o bill_n which_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o commerce_n and_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n without_o example_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o we_o have_v trade_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o whatsoever_o in_o this_o kind_n we_o shall_v impose_v upon_o stranger_n here_o will_v present_o be_v make_v a_o law_n for_o we_o in_o their_o country_n especial_o where_o we_o have_v our_o great_a trade_n with_o our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n who_o omit_v no_o care_n nor_o occasion_n to_o support_v their_o traffic_n in_o equal_a privilege_n with_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o that_o freedom_n and_o mean_n which_o now_o we_o have_v to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therewith_o likewise_o we_o shall_v lose_v the_o vent_n of_o much_o ware_n which_o we_o carry_v to_o divers_a place_n whereby_o our_o trade_n and_o our_o treasure_n will_v decay_v together_o second_o if_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n we_o thrust_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o ware_n more_o than_o ordinary_a upon_o the_o stranger_n we_o must_v then_o take_v it_o from_o the_o english_a which_o be_v injurious_a to_o our_o merchant_n mariner_n and_o ship_n beside_o the_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o vent_v the_o kingdom_n be_v stock_n to_o the_o stranger_n at_o far_o low_a rate_n here_o than_o we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o sell_v it_o to_o they_o in_o their_o own_o country_n as_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n three_o whereas_o we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v that_o if_o our_o commodity_n be_v overbalance_v in_o value_n by_o foreign_a ware_n our_o money_n must_v be_v carry_v out_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o prevent_v this_o by_o tie_v the_o stranger_n be_v hand_n and_o leave_v the_o english_a loose_a shall_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o advantage_n cause_n that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o now_o that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o other_o before_o or_o if_o we_o make_v a_o statute_n without_o example_n to_o prevent_v both_o alike_o shall_v we_o not_o then_o overthrow_v all_o at_o once_o the_o king_n in_o his_o cuostm_n and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o profit_n for_o such_o a_o restriction_n must_v of_o necessity_n destroy_v much_o trade_n because_o the_o diversity_n of_o occasion_n and_o place_n which_o make_v a_o ample_a trade_n require_v that_o some_o man_n shall_v both_o export_n and_o import_n ware_n some_o export_n only_o other_o import_n some_o deliver_v our_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n other_o take_v it_o up_o some_o carry_v out_o money_n other_o bring_v it_o in_o and_o this_o in_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n according_a to_o the_o good_a husbandry_n or_o excess_n in_o the_o kingdom_n over_o which_o only_a if_o we_o keep_v a_o strict_a law_n it_o will_v rule_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o without_o this_o all_o other_o statute_n be_v no_o rule_n either_o to_o keep_v or_o procure_v we_o treasure_n last_o to_o
of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o say_v they_o we_o see_v daily_o great_a store_n of_o our_o english_a coin_n carry_v over_o which_o pass_v current_a in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o there_o be_v great_a advantage_n to_o carry_v they_o thither_o to_o save_v the_o loss_n which_o the_o low-country-man_n have_v in_o the_o exchange_n for_o if_o one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a deliver_v here_o be_v so_o much_o undervalue_v that_o ninety_o pound_n of_o the_o same_o sterling_a money_n carry_v over_o in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v repayment_n and_o full_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o say_v hundred_o pound_n at_o amsterdam_n be_v it_o not_o then_o say_v they_o the_o undervalue_v of_o our_o money_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o will_v make_v a_o full_a and_o plain_a answer_n show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o undervalue_a of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n but_o the_o overbalancing_a of_o our_o trade_n that_o carry_v away_o our_o treasure_n for_o suppose_v that_o our_o whole_a trade_n with_o the_o low-countries_n for_o ware_n bring_v into_o this_o realm_n be_v perform_v only_o by_o the_o dutch_a for_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a and_o that_o all_o our_o commodity_n transport_v into_o the_o say_a low-countries_n be_v perform_v only_o by_o the_o english_a for_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a be_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_a that_o the_o dutch_a can_v exchange_v only_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n with_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o respective_a standard_n so_o the_o other_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n carry_v that_o away_o in_o mony_n and_o the_o selfsame_a loss_n of_o treasure_n must_v happen_v if_o there_o be_v no_o exchange_n at_o all_o permit_v for_o the_o dutch_a carry_v away_o our_o money_n for_o their_o ware_n and_o we_o bring_v in_o their_o foreign_a coin_n for_o their_o commodity_n there_o will_v be_v still_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n loss_n now_o let_v we_o add_v another_o example_n ground_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a proportion_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low-countries_n the_o dutch_a as_o afore_o write_v may_v exchange_v with_o the_o english_a for_o 400000_o pound_n and_o no_o more_o upon_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n because_o the_o english_a have_v no_o further_o mean_n to_o satisfy_v but_o now_o suppose_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o in_o this_o case_n will_v be_v here_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o dutch_a to_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n gain_n the_o vndervalue_v of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o stranger_n loss_n and_o our_o gain_n our_o money_n according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o say_v will_v be_v undervalved_n ten_o per_fw-la cent._n then_o be_v it_o manifest_a that_o the_o dutch_a must_v deliver_v four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n to_o have_v the_o englishman_n four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o the_o low-countries_n so_o that_o there_o will_v then_o remain_v but_o 60000_o pound_n for_o the_o dutch_a to_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n between_o they_o and_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o undervalue_v of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n will_v not_o carry_v it_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v but_o rather_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v a_o less_o quantity_n thereof_o to_o be_v export_v than_o will_v be_v do_v at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari._fw-la further_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o english_a merchant_z carried_z out_o as_o much_o ware_n in_o value_n as_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n bring_v in_o whereby_o the_o mean_n be_v equal_a between_o they_o to_o make_v their_o return_n by_o exchange_n without_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o money_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o either_o state_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n for_o his_o occasion_n or_o advantage_n will_v forsake_v this_o course_n of_o exchange_n and_o will_v venture_v to_o send_v part_n of_o he_o return_v in_o ready_a mony_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o hereupon_o it_o must_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o dutch_a shall_v want_v just_a so_o much_o mean_n in_o exchange_n with_o the_o english_a who_o therefore_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o like_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dutch_a carry_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o money_n which_o be_v carry_v from_o we_o within_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n be_v not_o considerable_a for_o they_o do_v return_v to_o we_o again_o and_o we_o lose_v those_o money_n only_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o overbalance_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o which_o we_o spend_v more_o in_o value_n in_o foreign_a ware_n than_o we_o utter_v of_o our_o own_o commodity_n and_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o we_o get_v our_o treasure_n trade_n 1._o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n 2._o free_a trade_n 3._o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 4._o the_o centre_n of_o trade_n in_o vain_a therefore_o have_v gerard_n malines_n labour_v so_o long_o and_o in_o so_o many_o print_a book_n to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o the_o under-valuing_a of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v exhaust_v our_o treasure_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n of_o the_o cause_n attribute_v that_o to_o a_o secondary_a mean_n who_o effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o another_o principal_a efficient_a and_o will_v also_o come_v to_o pass_v although_o the_o say_v secondary_a mean_n be_v not_o at_o all_o as_o vain_o also_o have_v he_o propound_v a_o remedy_n by_o keep_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la by_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v a_o new-found_a office_n without_o example_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o also_o hurtful_a as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o chap._n xiii_o the_o merchant_n who_o be_v a_o mere_a exchanger_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n can_v increase_v or_o decrease_v our_o treasure_n there_o be_v certain_a merchant_n which_o deal_v only_o upon_o all_o advantage_n in_o the_o exchange_n and_o neither_o export_n nor_o import_n ware_n into_o the_o kingdom_n which_o have_v cause_v some_o man_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o money_n which_o such_o mere_a exchanger_n bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n for_o say_v they_o sometime_o when_o our_o sterling_a money_n have_v be_v undervalue_v and_o deliver_v here_o for_o amsterdam_n at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n less_o than_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o respective_a standard_n the_o say_v mere_a exchanger_n may_v take_v here_o one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o carry_v over_o only_o nine_o hundred_o thereof_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o so_o upon_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a sum_n the_o like_a gain_n be_v make_v in_o three_o month_n time_n but_o here_o we_o must_v know_v that_o although_o this_o mere_a exchanger_n deal_v not_o in_o ware_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o money_n which_o he_o carry_v away_o in_o manner_n afore-written_a must_v necessary_o proceed_v of_o such_o ware_n as_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o merchant_n so_o that_o still_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o merchant_n himself_o have_v carry_v away_o that_o money_n which_o he_o must_v do_v if_o our_o ware_n be_v overbalance_v as_o ever_o they_o be_v when_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v which_o be_v express_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o 12_o chapter_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n by_o the_o say_a advantage_n shall_v bring_v money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n he_o do_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_o must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o merchant_n himself_o when_o our_o commodity_n overbalance_n foreign_a ware_n but_o in_o these_o occasion_n some_o merchant_n have_v rather_o lose_v by_o deliver_v their_o money_n at_o a_o undervalue_n in_o exchange_n than_o undertake_v to_o hazard_v all_o by_o the_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o these_o mere_a exchanger_n will_v perform_v for_o they_o in_o hope_n of_o gain_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o admirable_a feat_n suppose_v to_o be_v do_v by_o banker_n and_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n although_o i_o have_v already_o write_v something_o concern_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o uunder-valuation_n of_o our_o money_n
granary_n and_o storehouse_n with_o that_o famous_a arsenal_n of_o the_o venetian_n be_v to_o be_v admire_v for_o the_o magnificence_n of_o the_o building_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o munition_n and_o store_n both_o for_o lea_n and_o land_n the_o multitude_n of_o the_o workman_n the_o divernty_n and_o excellency_n of_o the_o art_n with_o the_o order_n of_o the_o government_n they_o be_v rare_a and_o worthy_a thing_n for_o prince_n to_o behold_v and_o imitate_v for_o majesty_n without_o providence_n of_o competent_a force_n and_o ability_n of_o necessary_a provision_n be_v un-assured_n chap._n xix_o of_o some_o different_a effect_n which_o proceed_v from_o natural_a and_o artificial_a wealth_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n i_o have_v already_o write_v something_o concern_v natural_a and_o artificial_a wealth_n and_o therein_o show_v how_o much_o art_n do_v add_v to_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v yet_o needful_a to_o handle_v these_o particular_n apart_o that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o better_o discern_v their_o several_a operation_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o effect_n whereof_o i_o may_v draw_v some_o comparison_n from_o turkey_n and_o italy_n or_o from_o some_o other_o remote_a country_n but_o i_o will_v not_o range_v so_o far_o have_v matter_n sufficient_a herein_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o make_v this_o business_n plain_a wherefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o england_n brief_o and_o only_o in_o general_a term_n to_o show_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o this_o famous_a nation_n with_o some_o principal_a effect_n which_o they_o produce_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o we_o due_o consider_v england_n largeness_n beauty_n fertility_n strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n in_o multitude_n of_o warlike_a people_n horse_n ship_n ammunition_n advantageous_a situation_n for_o defence_n and_o trade_n number_n of_o seaport_n and_o harbour_n which_o be_v of_o difficult_a access_n to_o enemy_n and_o of_o easy_a outlet_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n wealth_n by_o excellent_a fleece-wools_a iron_n lead_v tin_n saffron_n corn_n victual_n hide_n wax_n and_o other_o natural_a endowment_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o kingdom_n capable_a to_o sit_v as_o master_n of_o a_o monarchy_n for_o what_o great_a glory_n and_o advantage_n can_v any_o powerful_a nation_n have_v than_o to_o be_v thus_o rich_o and_o natural_o possess_v of_o all_o thing_n needful_a for_o food_n raiment_n war_n and_o peace_n not_o only_o for_o its_o own_o plentiful_a use_n but_o also_o to_o supply_v the_o want_v of_o other_o nation_n in_o such_o a_o measure_n that_o much_o money_n may_v be_v thereby_o get_v yearly_a to_o make_v the_o happiness_n complete_a for_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o notwithstanding_o that_o excessive_a consumption_n of_o this_o kingdom_n alone_o to_o say_v nothing_o of_o scotland_n there_o be_v export_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la of_o of_o our_o own_o native_a commodity_n for_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a or_o somewhat_o more_o so_o that_o if_o we_o be_v not_o too_o much_o affect_v to_o pride_n monstrous_a fashion_n and_o riot_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n one_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o pound_n may_v plentiful_o supply_v our_o unnecessary_a want_n as_o i_o may_v term_v they_o of_o silk_n sugar_n spice_n fruit_n and_o all_o other_o so_o that_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n may_v be_v yearly_o treasure_v up_o in_o money_n to_o make_v the_o kingdom_n exceed_v rich_a and_o powerful_a in_o short_a time_n but_o this_o great_a plenty_n which_o we_o enjoy_v make_v we_o a_o people_n not_o only_o vicious_a and_o excessive_a wasteful_a of_o the_o mean_v we_o have_v but_o also_o improvident_a and_o careless_a of_o much_o other_o wealth_n that_o shameful_o we_o lose_v which_o be_v the_o fish_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v of_o no_o less_o consequence_n than_o all_o our_o other_o riches_n which_o we_o export_v and_o vent_v to_o stranger_n stranger_n the_o fruit_n of_o idleness_n which_o be_v england_n common_a reproach_n among_o stranger_n whilst_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n through_o lewd_a idleness_n great_a multitude_n of_o our_o people_n cheat_n roar_v rob_n hang_v beg_v cant_n pine_n and_o perish_v which_o by_o this_o mean_n and_o maintenance_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v to_o the_o further_a wealth_n and_o srength_n of_o these_o kingdom_n especial_o by_o sea_n for_o our_o own_o safety_n and_o terror_n of_o our_o enemy_n the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o industrious_a dutch_a do_v give_v sufficient_a testimony_n of_o this_o truth_n to_o our_o great_a shame_n and_o no_o less_o peril_n if_o it_o have_v not_o a_o timely_a prevention_n for_o whilst_o we_o leave_v our_o wont_a honourable_a exercise_n and_o study_n follow_v our_o pleasure_n and_o of_o late_a year_n besot_v ourselves_o with_o pipe_n and_o pot_n in_o a_o beastly_a manner_n suck_v smoke_n and_o drink_v health_n until_o death_n stare_v many_o in_o the_o face_n the_o say_v dutch_a have_v wellnear_o leave_v this_o swinish_a vice_n and_o take_v up_o our_o wont_a valour_n which_o we_o have_v often_o so_o well_o perform_v both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o defence_n although_o they_o be_v not_o so_o thankful_a as_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o ingratitude_n the_o netherlander_n ingratitude_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v this_o that_o the_o general_a leprosy_n of_o our_o pipe_v pot_v feast_v fashion_n and_o misspend_v our_o time_n in_o idleness_n and_o pleasure_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o use_v of_o other_o nation_n have_v make_v we_o effeminate_a in_o our_o body_n weak_a in_o our_o knowledge_n poor_a in_o our_o treasure_n decline_v in_o our_o valour_n unfortunate_a in_o our_o erterprise_n and_o contemn_v by_o our_o enemy_n i_o write_v the_o more_o of_o these_o excess_n because_o they_o do_v so_o great_o waste_v our_o wealth_n which_o be_v the_o main_a subject_n of_o this_o whole_a book_n be_v discourse_n for_o all_o christendom_n to_o admire_v and_o fear_v if_o we_o will_v but_o add_v art_n to_o nature_n our_o labour_n to_o our_o natural_a mean_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o have_v give_v a_o notable_a advantage_n to_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o to_o the_o hollander_n whereof_o i_o will_v brief_o say_v something_o in_o the_o next-place_n but_o first_o i_o will_v deliver_v my_o opinion_n concern_v our_o clothing_n which_o although_o it_o be_v the_o great_a wealth_n and_o best_a employment_n of_o the_o poor_a of_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o nevertheless_o we_o may_v peradventure_o employ_v ourselves_o with_o better_a safety_n plenty_n and_o profit_n in_o use_v more_o tillage_n and_o fish_n than_o to_o trust_v so_o whole_o to_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n for_o in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o by_o other_o occasion_n if_o some_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v prohibit_v the_o use_n thereof_o in_o their_o dominion_n it_o may_v sudden_o cause_v much_o poverty_n and_o dangerous_a uproar_n especial_o by_o our_o poor_a people_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o ordinary_a maintenance_n which_o can_v so_o easy_o fail_v they_o when_o their_o labour_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o say_a diversity_n of_o employment_n whereby_o also_o many_o thousand_o will_v be_v the_o better_o enable_v to_o do_v the_o kingdom_n good_a service_n in_o occasion_n of_o war_n especial_o by_o sea_n and_o so_o leave_v england_n we_o will_v pass_v over_o into_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o as_o plenty_n and_o power_n do_v make_v a_o nation_n vicious_a and_o improvident_a so_o penury_n and_o want_n do_v make_v a_o people_n wise_a and_o industrious_a concern_v the_o last_o of_o these_o i_o may_v instance_n divers_a commonwealth_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o in_o their_o own_o territory_n industry_n the_o hollander_n improvement_n and_o industry_n do_v notwithstanding_o purchase_v great_a wealth_n and_o strength_n by_o their_o industrious_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n among_o which_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n be_v now_o of_o great_a note_n and_o fame_n for_o since_o they_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o spanish_a slavery_n how_o wonderful_o be_v they_o improve_v in_o all_o human_a policy_n what_o great_a mean_n have_v they_o obtain_v in_o defend_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o power_n of_o so_o great_a a_o enemy_n and_o be_v not_o all_o this_o perform_v by_o their_o continual_a industry_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v not_o their_o province_n the_o magizine_n and_o store_n house_n of_o ware_n for_o most_o place_n of_o christendom_n whereby_o their_o wealth_n ship_n mariner_n art_n people_n and_o thereby_o the_o public_a revenue_n and_o excise_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o wonderful_a height_n if_o we_o compare_v the_o time_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o their_o present_a
their_o coin_n current_a be_v these_o 1_o stiver_n of_o their_o money_n here_o and_o in_o hamburgh_n be_v 2_o penny_n 32_o stivers_n make_v a_o dollar_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n 4_o d._n there_o 4_o stivers_n which_o be_v 8_o d._n make_v a_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 6_o d._n sterling_n 1_o rix_n dollar_n be_v worth_a 33_o stivers_n and_o be_v 4_o s._n 4_o d._n sterling_n or_o more_o 1_o mark_n be_v 16_o stivers_n or_o 2_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n 7½_n mark_v make_v 20_o s._n i_o say_v 20_o s._n flemish_n stoad_n weight_n of_o stoad_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o l._n be_v their_o quintar_n which_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 107_o and_o some_o have_v observe_v 109_o l._n stoad_n measure_n of_o stoad_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n as_o in_o hamburgh_n follow_v chap._n cciu_o of_o hamburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o hamburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o hamburg_n be_v a_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o they_o which_o enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o hans-town_n and_o for_o the_o building_n and_o populousness_n much_o to_o be_v praise_v the_o senate-house_n be_v a_o beautiful_a fabric_n and_o the_o exchange_n where_o merchant_n do_v meet_v together_o be_v likewise_o as_o pleasant_a the_o haven_n be_v guard_v and_o shut_v up_o with_o a_o iron_n chain_n the_o city_n itself_o compass_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n side_n with_o a_o double_a ditch_n and_o wall_n water_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o same_o from_o a_o hill_n distant_a some_o mile_n off_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o large_a plain_n and_o sandy_a soil_n and_o adorn_v with_o nine_o churcher_n and_o six_o gate_n on_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o river_n elve_n which_o also_o put_v a_o branch_n into_o the_o town_n but_o on_o the_o north-east_n the_o river_n alster_n run_v by_o towards_o stoad_n from_o which_o it_o be_v five_o mile_n distant_a and_o fall_v into_o the_o elve_n the_o street_n in_o general_n be_v narrow_a except_v one_o which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o broadstreet_n and_o their_o building_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n and_o all_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o house_n be_v in_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o as_o in_o all_o the_o other_o seabordering_a city_n lie_v from_o these_o part_n towards_o flanders_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n broad_a and_o fair_a gate_n into_o a_o large_a hall_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o on_o both_o side_n be_v use_v for_o a_o warehouse_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n lie_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o door_n their_o chief_a houshould-stuff_n be_v place_v and_o especial_o their_o vessel_n of_o english_a pewter_n which_o be_v keep_v bright_a make_v a_o glitter_a show_n to_o they_o that_o pass_v by_o so_o that_o their_o house_n promise_v more_o beauty_n outward_o than_o they_o have_v inward_o the_o present_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v great_a principal_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o some_o quantity_n of_o ship_v of_o reasonable_a burden_n be_v find_v belong_v to_o the_o citizen_n hamburg_n weight_n of_o hamburg_n the_o weight_n of_o hamburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v the_o 120_o pound_n their_o quintar_n divide_v into_o three_o denomination_n the_o first_o of_o 12_o stone_n of_o 10_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n 300_o pound_n thereof_o to_o the_o skip_fw-mi pound_n which_o be_v the_o second_o and_o 20_o lispound_v of_o 15_o pound_n to_o the_o say_v 300_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o three_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v two_o quintar_n one_o of_o 120_o pound_n another_o of_o 300_o pound_n hamburg_n measure_n of_o hamburg_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o ell_n wherewith_o they_o measure_v both_o linen_n woollen_a and_o silk_n the_o 100_o whereof_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 48½_n else_o for_o linen_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v here_o about_o 162_o or_o 163_o yard_n agree_v with_o embden_n and_o bremâ—_n before_o mention_v hamburg_n exchange_n in_o hamburg_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n by_o the_o pound_n sterling_a and_o for_o all_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o rix_n dollar_n of_o 54_o s._n lapisto_n or_o 54_o stiver_n dollar_n dollar_n a_o dollar_n be_v here_o note_a to_o be_v worth_a three_o whitpence_n one_o whitpenny_a to_o be_v 18_o shilling_n one_o shilling_n to_o be_v 12_o penny_n and_o one_o penny_n two_o heller_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o measure_v by_o the_o schepel_n ninety_o make_v a_o last_o and_o 83_o schepel_v make_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n english_a chap._n ccv_o of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lubeck_n be_v a_o imperial_a and_o free_a city_n and_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v account_v hans-town_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o spacious_a hill_n upon_o the_o very_a crown_n whereof_o be_v a_o beautiful_a church_n from_o whence_o lead_v street_n to_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n one_o of_o brick_n and_o narrow_a the_o other_o of_o earth_n and_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n there_o be_v also_o deep_a ditch_n where_o ship_n of_o a_o 1000_o tun_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o winter_n from_o tremuren_n the_o maritime_a port_n of_o this_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o this_o town_n the_o building_n hereof_o be_v very_o beautiful_a of_o brick_n have_v many_o pleasant_a walk_n without_o the_o wall_n the_o government_n of_o this_o town_n be_v much_o commend_v for_o their_o neatness_n pleasant_a garden_n courteous_a carriage_n to_o stranger_n civility_n of_o manner_n and_o strict_a execution_n of_o justice_n their_o water_n be_v convey_v hither_o by_o pipe_n and_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o cock_n of_o water_n in_o his_o own_o house_n also_o all_o the_o poor_a inhabitant_n be_v constrain_v to_o live_v in_o a_o street_n by_o themselves_o where_o they_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o provide_v for_o this_o city_n adorn_v with_o ten_o church_n one_o whereof_o be_v a_o decay_a monastery_n they_o have_v convert_v to_o a_o armoury_n of_o all_o ammunition_n for_o war_n s._n maries_n the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o seat_v as_o i_o say_v before_o on_o the_o very_a summit_n of_o this_o hill_n whereon_o the_o city_n stand_v famous_a beer_n of_o lubeck_n famous_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n at_o present_a be_v great_a partly_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodious_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o place_n of_o itself_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o beer_n make_v and_o hence_o transport_v into_o other_o region_n and_o by_o some_o use_v medicinal_o for_o bruise_n of_o the_o body_n and_o such_o like_a accident_n though_o by_o they_o in_o use_n common_o both_o for_o their_o ordinary_a drink_n and_o food_n and_o raiment_n lubeck_n weight_n of_o lubeck_n the_o common_a weight_n of_o lubeck_n be_v a_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v a_o centiner_n and_o a_o skip-pound_n for_o 112_o pound_n be_v the_o centiner_n or_o quintar_n the_o stone_n 10_o pound_n and_o 32_o stone_n to_o the_o skip_fw-mi pound_n which_o be_v 320_o pound_n and_o the_o 20_o lispound_v of_o 16_o pound_n mark_n be_v also_o account_v for_o a_o skip-pound_n which_o be_v in_o london_n pound_n lubeck_n measure_n of_o lubeck_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n of_o lubeck_n be_v the_o ell_n 120_o ell_n whereof_o make_v in_o london_n 60_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n london_n have_v make_v here_o 160_o ell_n incirca_fw-la corn._n of_o corn._n in_o lubeck_n corn_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o last_o 96_o schepel_v make_v a_o last_o which_o be_v 10¼_n quarter_n of_o london_n and_o 85_o schepel_v be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n last_v 7_o of_o 18_o barrel_n in_o lubeck_n be_v find_v to_o make_v 100_o sack_n of_o salt_n be_v 122_o small_a barrel_n for_o the_o 100_o sack_n at_o armuiden_n in_o zealand_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 7½_n last_v of_o 18_o barrel_n of_o salt_n in_o london_n but_o account_v by_o the_o weight_n in_o london_n to_o make_v 11½_n weigh_v and_o it_o be_v account_v 40_o bushel_n to_o a_o wey_n water_n measure_n of_o ten_o gallon_n beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n and_o every_o stoop_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o hold_v about_o 7_o pint_n of_o beer_n measure_n in_o england_n which_o be_v about_o 44_o gallon_n chap._n ccvi_o of_o the_o coin_n current_a in_o
of_o venice_n with_o milan_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 148½_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n one_o crown_n of_o liver_n 5_o and_o 17_o sol_n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o duc._n 1486⅕_n of_o liv._o 6¼_n what_o credit_n in_o liver_n shall_v venice_n have_v in_o milan_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n by_o 124._o sol._n the_o value_n of_o the_o duc._n of_o li._n 6⅕_n and_o it_o will_v make_v sol._n 184295._o the_o which_o divide_v by_o sol_n 148½_n to_o see_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o milan_n be_v worth_a and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 1241_o and_o 10_o denier_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o li._n 5._o 17._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o make_v they_o liver_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o liver_n 5_o by_o the_o 10_o denier_n which_o be_v worth_a the_o crown_n and_o then_o with_o the_o sol_n if_o any_o be_v calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n 1_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n thereof_o will_v come_v li._n 7260._o 1._o 10._o and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v venice_n have_v in_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a ducat_n 1486¼_n of_o liver_n 6⅕_n of_o venice_n as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n chap._n ccclxxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n of_o liver_n 6⅕_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la gross_a 92½_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 3810¾_n how_o many_o liver_n gross_a shall_v venice_n have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n by_o the_o say_v gross_a 92½_n and_o it_o will_v make_v gross_a 352494_o out_o of_o which_o take_v 1_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n of_o gross_a and_o they_o will_v be_v sels_z 29374_o and_o gross_a 6_o the_o which_o must_v be_v reduce_v into_o liver_n by_o cut_v the_o last_o figure_n and_o by_o take_v the_o ½_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o be_v liver_n 1468_o and_o the_o ten_o that_o be_v remain_v be_v ten_o sol_n and_o add_v 4_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o shall_v be_v 14_o sol._n so_o in_o all_o 1468._o 14._o 6_o which_o antwerp_n will_v give_v as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o antwerp_n rechange_v this_o sum_n with_o venice_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o colonia_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o nethelands_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o with_o antwerp_n and_o the_o account_n be_v make_v up_o as_o the_o precedent_n whereto_o need_v no_o further_a example_n for_o illustration_n chap._n ccclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o london_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o london_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n of_o liv._o 6⅕_n to_o have_v there_o posite_fw-la 56¼_n penny_n sterling_a i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 740_o how_o many_o liver_n of_o sterling_n shall_v venice_n have_v credit_n in_o london_n this_o must_v be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n be_v show_v of_o venice_n with_o antwerp_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o pound_n 173._o s._n 8._o and_o penny_n 9_o which_o venice_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o london_n as_o by_o the_o example_n more_o at_o large_a appear_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v manifest_v when_o london_n do_v rechange_v this_o sum_n of_o 173._o 8._o 9_o d._n for_o venice_n and_o here_o note_v that_o usance_n from_o venice_n to_o london_n be_v 3_o month_n or_o 90_o day_n and_o double_a usance_n the_o say_a time_n double_v and_o the_o like_v account_v back_o from_o london_n to_o venice_n chap._n ccclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o genoa_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o genoa_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 146½_n to_o have_v in_o genoa_n one_o crown_n of_o 4_o liver_n money_n of_o genoa_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 2463½_n of_o liver_n 6⅕_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o genoa_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n into_o sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 124_o the_o value_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o divide_v the_o sol_n that_o shall_v rest_v of_o the_o say_a multiplication_n by_o 146½_n to_o make_v they_o crow_n of_o 4_o liver_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v crow_n 2085._o 2._o 11_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 4_o per_fw-la crown_n begin_v the_o multiplication_n by_o denier_n and_o then_o by_o sols_n calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n 1_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v liver_n 8340._o 11._o 8_o current_a money_n and_o so_o much_o will_v the_o credit_n be_v in_o genoa_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o genoa_n do_v rechange_v this_o parcel_n for_o venice_n chap._n ccclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o norimberg_n norimberg_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o norimberg_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o norimberg_n and_o give_v duc._n 100_o of_o lib._n 6⅕_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la florin_n 130¼_n of_o 60_o quarent_n per_fw-la florin_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 2645_o 5_o 14_o what_o credit_n in_o florin_n must_v i_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n by_o florin_n 130¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o break_a number_n of_o the_o multiplication_n divide_v by_o 20_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o sol_n and_o of_o the_o remainder_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o denier_n and_o in_o do_v thus_o there_o will_v be_v find_v florin_n 3210._o 18._o 8._o which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o norimberg_n for_o the_o say_v duc._n in_o venice_n remit_v as_o by_o this_o example_n follow_v appear_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v manifest_a when_o norimberg_n shall_v exchange_v this_o sum_n back_o with_o venice_n and_o note_v that_o for_o augusta_n and_o francfort_n the_o exchange_n from_o venice_n be_v make_v as_o with_o norimberg_n whereto_o needs_o no_o other_o example_n chap._n ccclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o bergamo_n bergamo_n exchange_n of_o venice_n with_o bergamo_n venice_n do_v exchange_n with_o bergamo_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o 7_o lib_n to_o have_v in_o bergamo_n sols_n 145½_n posito_fw-la i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 4220⅔_n how_o many_o liver_n will_v it_o amount_v unto_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n by_o 6_o l._n ⅕_n and_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o lib._n 26168._o 2._o 8_o of_o which_o take_v the_o 1_o 7_o to_o make_v they_o crown_n and_o the_o remainder_n divide_v by_o 20_o and_o 12_o and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 3738._o 6._o 1._o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o lib._n 7._o 5._o 6._o which_o be_v the_o say_v lib._n 145½_n sols_n and_o of_o the_o multiplication_n will_v come_v lib._n 27196._o 3._o 2._o which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o bergamo_n as_o by_o this_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v discern_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v remit_v back_o from_o bergan_n to_o venice_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n a_o word_n of_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n here_o practise_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n chap._n ccclxxxi_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o venice_n venice_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o venice_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o add_v a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n order_v by_o commission_n in_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n posito_fw-la example_n 1._o example_n into_o venice_n come_v order_n from_o francfort_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v thither_o at_o florin_n 130_o and_o remit_v thence_o to_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n not_o of_o charge_n or_o provision_n the_o partido_n be_v for_o ducat_n 3500_o now_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o london_n at_o 57