a_o report_n contain_v a_o essay_n for_o the_o amendment_n of_o the_o silver_n coin_n london_n print_v by_o charles_n bill_n and_o the_o executrix_n of_o thomas_n newcomb_n decease_v printer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n 1695._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n commissioner_n of_o his_o majesty_n treasury_n may_v it_o please_v your_o lordship_n in_o obedience_n to_o your_o lordship_n command_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o inform_v myself_o of_o divers_a matter_n which_o concern_v the_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n and_o of_o the_o most_o practicable_a method_n for_o new_a coin_v the_o latter_a and_o supply_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n sufficient_a coin_n to_o pay_v the_o king_n tax_n and_o revenue_n and_o to_o carry_v on_o the_o public_a commerce_n and_o i_o do_v humble_o represent_v to_o your_o lordship_n that_o i_o have_v make_v diligent_a search_n into_o several_a record_n book_n and_o write_n to_o see_v what_o act_n or_o thing_n have_v be_v former_o do_v or_o practise_v which_o may_v serve_v for_o precedent_n or_o give_v any_o light_n for_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o coin_n that_o shall_v now_o go_v and_o have_v course_n as_o the_o lawful_a money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v true_a as_o i_o find_v in_o a_o book_n of_o great_a authority_n remain_v in_o the_o exchequer_n call_v the_o black_a book_n write_v by_o gervase_n of_o tilbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o there_o be_v ancient_o falsifier_n and_o clipper_n of_o money_n for_o when_o king_n william_n the_o first_o for_o the_o better_a pay_n of_o his_o warrior_n cause_v the_o firme_v which_o till_o his_o time_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v answer_v in_o victual_n to_o be_v convert_v in_o pecuniam_fw-la numeratam_fw-la he_o direct_v the_o whole_a from_o every_o county_n to_o be_v charge_v on_o the_o sheriff_n to_o be_v by_o he_o bring_v into_o the_o exchequer_n add_v that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v make_v the_o payment_n ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la as_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n expound_v it_o solveret_fw-la preter_fw-la quamlibet_fw-la numeratam_fw-la libram_fw-la sex_n denarios_fw-la and_o the_o money_n afterward_o decline_v and_o become_v worse_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o firme_v of_o manor_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v pay_v ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la but_o also_o ad_fw-la pensam_fw-la which_o latter_a be_v the_o pay_v as_o much_o money_n for_o a_o pound_n sterling_n as_o weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n troy_n so_o that_o payment_n of_o a_o pound_n de_fw-fr numero_fw-la import_v twenty_o shilling_n ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la import_v twenty_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o ad_fw-la pensam_fw-la import_v so_o much_o as_o weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n be_v treasurer_n who_o consider_v that_o though_o the_o money_n do_v answer_v numero_fw-la &_o pondere_fw-la it_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v mix_v with_o copper_n or_o brass_n therefore_o consilio_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la regiae_n simul_fw-la &_o publicae_fw-la provideretur_fw-la utilitati_fw-la a_o constitution_n be_v make_v call_v the_o trial_n by_o combustion_n the_o whole_a progress_n whereof_o as_o it_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o those_o day_n be_v exact_o set_v down_o in_o the_o say_a book_n and_o differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o the_o present_a method_n of_o assay_v silver_n for_o its_o fineness_n as_o plain_o appear_v in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o say_v gervase_n treat_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o miles_n argentarius_n and_o that_o of_o the_o fusor_n a_o extract_v whereof_o be_v hereunto_o annex_v it_o appear_v also_o that_o the_o crown_n rent_n be_v many_o time_n reserve_v in_o libris_fw-la albis_n or_o blanch_n firme_v in_o which_o case_n the_o payer_n be_v hold_v dealbare_fw-la firmam_fw-la that_o be_v his_o base_a money_n or_o coin_n worse_o than_o standard_n be_v molten_n down_o in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o reduce_v to_o the_o fineness_n of_o standard_n silver_n or_o instead_o thereof_o he_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n twelve_o penny_n to_o the_o pound_n by_o way_n of_o addition_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a deceit_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o ancient_a record_n to_o have_v be_v commit_v upon_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o offender_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o when_o there_o be_v import_v a_o sort_n of_o light_a money_n make_v with_o a_o mitre_n another_o sort_n of_o light_a money_n with_o lion_n upon_o it_o a_o three_o sort_n of_o copper_n blanch_v to_o resemble_v the_o money_n of_o england_n a_o four_o sort_n of_o light_a money_n resemble_v that_o of_o king_n edward_n a_o five_o kind_n that_o be_v plate_v and_o the_o crime_n of_o round_v money_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o clip_v be_v then_o in_o fashion_n all_o which_o be_v do_v out_o of_o england_n and_o the_o merchant_n to_o avoid_v the_o search_n at_o dover_n and_o sandwich_n conceal_v the_o parcel_n in_o bail_n of_o cloth_n and_o bring_v they_o in_o by_o other_o port_n les_fw-fr queux_fw-fr choses_fw-fr si_fw-fr elles_fw-fr suissent_fw-la longent_fw-la so_o effert_n say_v the_o book_n else_o mettere_n yent_n la_fw-fr money_n d'englitere_fw-mi a_o nient_a and_o the_o chief_a remedy_n then_o apply_v be_v first_o to_z cry_z down_o all_o money_n that_o be_v not_o of_o england_n ireland_n or_o scotland_n second_o that_o such_o as_o arrive_v from_o beyond_o sea_n shall_v show_v the_o money_n they_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n three_o and_o not_o hide_v it_o in_o fardel_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n four_o that_o the_o light_a money_n and_o the_o clip_v money_n may_v be_v bore_v through_o without_o contradiction_n five_o and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v receive_v and_o pay_v by_o weight_n at_o a_o certain_a rate_n and_o that_o the_o person_n have_v such_o clip_v or_o light_a money_n shall_v bring_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n changer_n who_o be_v settle_v in_o several_a great_a town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v new_o coin_v and_o by_o what_o i_o have_v read_v in_o libro_fw-la rubeo_n which_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a exchequer_n concern_v the_o changer_n who_o as_o well_o as_o the_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n have_v several_a office_n erect_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n namely_o at_o london_n canterbury_n bristol_n kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n a_o principal_a business_n of_o these_o changer_n be_v to_o buy_v in_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o bad_a money_n que_fw-fr les_fw-fr pollard_n &_o crockards_n &_o les_fw-fr autres_fw-fr mauvaises_fw-fr money_n contrefaits_n soront_v abatue_n and_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n then_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o prohibit_v the_o importation_n of_o clip_v or_o counterfeit_n money_n and_o the_o use_v thereof_o in_o merchandize_v or_o negotiate_v under_o severe_a penalty_n and_o command_v those_o that_o have_v such_o money_n to_o boar_n it_o through_o and_o to_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o king_n change_n to_o be_v new_o coin_v and_o i_o find_v by_o a_o indenture_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v base_a money_n that_o have_v be_v coin_v by_o public_a authority_n that_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o fleetwood_n under_o treasurer_n for_o the_o upper_a house_n of_o the_o mint_n in_o the_o tower_n shall_v take_v in_o by_o number_n and_o tale_n the_o base_a money_n therein_o mention_v at_o such_o rate_n or_o value_v as_o be_v appoint_v by_o a_o proclamation_n in_o that_o behalf_n give_v bill_n to_o the_o party_n under_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o receipt_n thereof_o and_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n be_v to_o melt_v down_o and_o repay_v the_o same_o in_o sterling_a money_n to_o the_o party_n or_o their_o deputy_n show_v and_o deliver_v their_o bill_n have_v regard_n to_o the_o time_n when_o every_o man_n bring_v in_o his_o money_n and_o the_o base_a money_n receive_v and_o the_o sterling_a money_n repay_v be_v to_o be_v enter_v in_o two_o leger_n one_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o say_a under-treasurer_n and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o teller_n and_o the_o comptroller_n and_o assay-master_n be_v to_o keep_v several_a book_n of_o refine_v and_o melt_v the_o base_a money_n to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v be_v voucher_n to_o the_o say_a under-treasurer_n who_o be_v to_o account_v to_o the_o queen_n for_o the_o whole_a these_o or_o such_o like_a provision_n may_v serve_v well_o enough_o in_o those_o time_n when_o there_o be_v not_o much_o money_n and_o but_o little_a trade_n or_o occasion_n for_o it_o and_o when_o the_o species_n then_o in_o be_v which_o one_o will_v think_v consist_v ancient_o of_o penny_n or_o piece_n of_o small_a denomination_n be_v not_o corrupt_v or_o diminish_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o consider_v the_o present_a
the_o say_a statute_n and_o the_o standard_n and_o alloy_n of_o old_a easterling_n mention_v in_o the_o indenture_n le_fw-fr 20_o jour_fw-fr de_fw-fr may_n l'_fw-fr a_fw-fr du_fw-fr regne_fw-la edward_n iii_o cestassavoir_fw-fr d'_fw-fr engletere_fw-la quarant_a sisme_n &_o de_fw-fr france_n trent_n tierce_a entre_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o bardet_n de_fw-fr malepily_n de_fw-fr florence_n and_o the_o old_a right_a standard_n of_o england_n which_o i_o find_v in_o other_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v thus_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o gold_n be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o four_o carat_n and_o every_o carat_n into_o four_o grain_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_n or_o right_a standard_n gold_n of_o england_n consist_v of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n and_o three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a of_o fine_a gold_n and_o half_a a_o grain_n of_o alloy_n which_o alloy_n as_o the_o red_a book_n say_v may_v be_v silver_n or_o copper_n again_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o silver_n be_v then_o as_o it_o have_v be_v ever_o since_o divide_v into_o twelve_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n into_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n into_o twenty_o four_o grain_n every_o grain_n of_o silver_n be_v call_v a_o subtle_a grain_n sixty_o of_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o grain_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o old_a sterling_n or_o right_a standard_n silver_n of_o england_n consist_v then_o as_o it_o do_v now_o of_o eleven_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n four_o that_o sterling_a money_n general_o in_o judgement_n of_o law_n upon_o the_o fine_n covenant_n and_o other_o instrument_n that_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o refer_v thereunto_o have_v always_o import_v and_o do_v still_o import_v only_o such_o coin_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n as_o have_v be_v make_v by_o successive_a master_n and_o worker_n of_o the_o mint_n in_o certain_a proportion_n of_o fine_a metal_n mix_v with_o allay_v according_a to_o their_o respective_a indenture_n or_o covenant_n with_o the_o crown_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o make_v currant_n by_o the_o same_o indenture_n or_o by_o proclamation_n or_o command_n of_o the_o sovereign_n which_o proportion_n of_o fineness_n and_o alloy_n have_v differ_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o have_v thus_o expound_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o sterling_n and_o old_a sterling_n those_o difference_n will_v come_v proper_o to_o be_v consider_v second_o in_o the_o next_o place_n therefore_o i_o be_o to_o set_v down_o historical_o the_o proportion_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o fine_a silver_n with_o the_o respective_a allay_v which_o the_o master_n or_o worker_n of_o the_o mint_n have_v be_v hold_v to_o observe_v in_o the_o fabrication_n of_o the_o money_n by_o their_o respective_a indenture_n of_o which_o there_o be_v one_o mention_v in_o the_o red_a book_n to_o bear_v date_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o send_v for_o workman_n from_o beyond_o sea_n to_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v and_o forge_v of_o money_n but_o not_o find_v any_o indenture_n by_o which_o one_o can_v judge_v certain_o of_o the_o say_a proportion_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o from_o who_o time_n the_o several_a indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n or_o most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o exchequer_n in_o custody_n of_o your_o lordship_n and_o the_o chamberlain_n there_o and_o where_o i_o have_v have_v the_o opportunity_n careful_o to_o inspect_v and_o examine_v the_o same_o i_o shall_v therefore_o humble_o take_v leave_v to_o begin_v with_o these_o and_o proceed_v in_o the_o order_n follow_v 3._o the_o standard_n for_o the_o gold_n coin_n be_v the_o old_a standard_n or_o sterling_a of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o half_n fine_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n allay_v and_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v the_o old_a sterling_a of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n 20_o e._n 3._o 23._o 27._o 30._o 46._o 18_o r._n 2._o 3_o h._n 4._o 9_o h._n 5._o 1_o h._n 6._o 4._o 24._o 49._o 5_o e._n 4._o 11._o 16._o 1_o r._n 3._o 29_o h._n 7._o all_o these_o import_v the_o same_o standard_n as_o above_o both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n ralph_n rowlett_n and_o martin_n bowes_n 8._o master_n and_o worker_n covenant_v to_o make_v two_o sort_n of_o gold_n coin_n to_o wit_n sovereign_n rial_n angel_n george-nobles_a and_o half-angel_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n and_o crown_n of_o the_o double_a rose_n and_o half-crown_n to_o be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o silver_n money_n to_o wit_n groat_n half-groat_n starling_n halfpence_n and_o farthing_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_n 8._o another_o indenture_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n 34._o the_o say_v ralph_n rowlett_n and_o martin_n bowes_n master_n and_o worker_n covenant_v to_o make_v the_o sovereign_n half-sovereigns_a angel_n angellet_n and_o quarter-angel_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n fine_a gold_n and_o one_o carat_n allay_v and_o silver_n money_n to_o wit_n testoon_n to_o go_v for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o groat_n half-groat_n penny_n halfpence_n and_o farthing_n to_o be_v ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o two_o ounce_n allay_v 36._o the_o king_n be_v to_o have_v out_o of_o every_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o fine_a gold_n coin_v two_o carat_n which_o yield_v fifty_o shilling_n and_o the_o silver_n to_o be_v coin_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o ounce_n fine_a and_o six_o ounce_n allay_v which_o be_v a_o wretched_a debasement_n 37._o the_o gold_n coin_n call_v sovereign_n half-sovereigns_a crown_n and_o half-crown_n be_v to_o be_v only_o twenty_o carat_n fine_a and_o four_o carat_n allay_v and_o the_o silver_n coin_n to_o wit_n testoon_n groat_n half-groat_n penny_n halfpence_n and_o farthing_n to_o be_v four_o ounce_n fine_a and_o eight_o ounce_n allay_v which_o be_v worse_a the_o same_o with_o the_o last_o precede_v 6._o a_o commission_n to_o make_v sovereign_n 3._o half-sovereigns_a crown_n and_o half-crown_n of_o gold_n at_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o shilling_n of_o silver_n of_o six_o ounce_n fine_a and_o six_o ounce_n allay_v another_o to_o make_v sovereign_n 4._o half-sovereigns_a crown_n and_o half-crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n namely_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n allay_v another_o to_o make_v shilling_n of_o silver_n 5._o three_o ounce_n fine_a and_o nine_o ounce_n allay_v to_o coin_v sovereign_n 6._o angel_n and_o half-angel_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n to_o wit_n twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o half_n fine_a and_o another_o sort_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n 6._o to_o coin_v silver_n crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n six_o pence_n three_o pence_n penny_n halfpence_n and_o farthing_n eleven_o ounce_n one_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o nineteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n mar._n to_o coin_v gold_n twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a and_o silver_n eleven_o ounce_n fine_a mar._n the_o old_a standard_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n eliz._n to_o coin_v one_o sort_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n and_o another_o sort_n to_o be_v only_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o silver_n money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n eliz._n two_o mint_n be_v in_o the_o tower_n whereof_o one_o to_o convert_v the_o base_a money_n into_o sterling_n which_o continue_v about_o a_o year_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o note_n that_o not_o long_o after_o 1626._o the_o queen_n in_o a_o public_a edict_n tell_v her_o people_n that_o she_o have_v conquer_a the_o monster_n which_o have_v so_o long_o devour_v they_o mean_v the_o debase_v of_o the_o standard_n the_o old_a standard_n perfect_o restore_v both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n eliz._n the_o same_o continue_a 25._o the_o same_o for_o gold_n 26._o a_o commission_n to_o make_v sovereign_n 35._o half-sovereigns_a crown_n and_o half-crown_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n to_o make_v angel-gold_n twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o half_a fine_a 43._o the_o old_a standard_n and_o to_o make_v sovereign_n etc._n etc._n twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o to_o make_v crown_n shilling_n etc._n etc._n of_o silver_n eleven_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n the_o old_a standard_n to_o coin_v the_o unite_v 1._o double_a crown_n british_a crown_n etc._n etc._n of_o gold_n to_o be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n and_o the_o old_a standard_n for_o silver_n
continue_v 1._o to_o coin_v rose-riall_n spur-riall_n and_o angel_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a fine_a 10._o to_o coin_v rial_n of_o the_o same_o standard_n and_o unite_v etc._n etc._n twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n 1._o to_o coin_v rial_n and_o angel_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a fine_a and_o half_a a_o grain_n allay_v and_o to_o coin_n unite_v and_o crown_n twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o to_o coin_v the_o silver_n money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n 2._o to_o coin_v rial_n and_o angel_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a fine_a and_o half_a a_o grain_n allay_v and_o to_o coin_n unite_v and_o crown_n twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o silver_n money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n to_o coin_v the_o piece_n since_o call_v guineas_n run_v for_o twenty_o shilling_n 2._o half-guineas_a etc._n etc._n twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o silver_n money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n to_o coin_v ten_o shilling_n piece_n 2._o twenty_o shilling_n piece_n forty_o shilling_n piece_n and_o five_o pound_n piece_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o silver_n money_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n the_o same_o standard_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n m._n upon_o due_o consider_v this_o history_n or_o relation_n for_o so_o many_o year_n past_a it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o observe_v to_o your_o lordship_n thereupon_o first_o that_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o present_a indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o same_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o old_a sterling_n or_o easterling_n second_o that_o the_o standard_n for_o the_o gold_n coin_n four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o be_v twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a fine_a and_o half_a a_o grain_n allay_v and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o standard_n of_o gold_n by_o the_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v the_o difference_n of_o which_o be_v only_o one_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a three_o that_o the_o old_a standard_n obtain_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o say_a number_n of_o year_n and_o the_o chief_a deviation_n from_o the_o same_o be_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n the_o eight_o and_o edward_n the_o six_o the_o which_o be_v premise_v the_o three_o thing_n come_v under_o consideration_n concern_v such_o new_a coin_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o direct_v be_v my_o own_o poor_a opinion_n which_o i_o humble_o offer_v and_o as_o i_o conceive_v with_o some_o clearness_n that_o the_o present_a standard_n of_o fineness_n or_o purity_n ought_v to_o be_v continue_v namely_o of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v for_o the_o gold_n and_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n for_o the_o silver_n in_o all_o the_o new_a coin_n that_o shall_v be_v now_o direct_v and_o my_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o be_v as_o follow_v first_o because_o our_o ancestor_n who_o wisdom_n we_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o distrust_v have_v for_o many_o age_n endeavour_v to_o keep_v up_o the_o old_a sterling_n or_o to_o a_o standard_n very_o near_o it_o which_o obtain_v as_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o forego_n narrative_a for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o four_o hundred_o year_n second_o although_o the_o former_a debasement_n of_o the_o coin_n by_o public_a authority_n especial_o those_o in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o may_v be_v project_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o projector_n may_v measure_v that_o profit_n by_o the_o excessive_a quantity_n of_o alloy_n that_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o silver_n or_o the_o gold_n and_o although_o this_o be_v enterprise_v by_o a_o prince_n who_o can_v stretch_v his_o prerogative_n very_o far_o upon_o his_o people_n and_o be_v do_v in_o time_n when_o this_o nation_n have_v very_o little_a commerce_n inland_a or_o foreign_a to_o be_v injure_v or_o prejudice_v thereby_o yet_o experience_v present_o show_v that_o the_o projector_n be_v mistake_v and_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o base_a money_n reform_v the_o do_v whereof_o be_v begin_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o himself_o carry_v on_o by_o king_n philip_n and_o queen_n mary_n and_o happy_o finish_v though_o not_o without_o great_a charge_n vexation_n and_o trouble_v the_o only_a offspring_n of_o such_o design_n by_o queen_n elizabeth_n who_o as_o be_v note_v above_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n when_o money_n be_v not_o plentiful_a erect_v a_o distinct_a mint_n in_o the_o tower_n to_o convert_v the_o base_a not_o counterfeit_n money_n into_o sterling_n three_o because_o make_v of_o base_a money_n will_v disgrace_n this_o government_n in_o future_a generation_n the_o critic_n in_o every_o age_n be_v apt_a to_o estimate_v the_o goodness_n or_o badness_n of_o ancient_a government_n by_o their_o coin_n as_o have_v be_v do_v especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o a_o temptation_n of_o this_o kind_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v leave_v for_o future_a age_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o present_a king_n four_o although_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o put_v a_o great_a alloy_n into_o the_o coin_n so_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v still_o retain_v so_o much_o purity_n or_o fineness_n as_o will_v render_v they_o answerable_a to_o the_o currant_n price_n of_o silver_n in_o bullion_n will_v be_v no_o real_a injury_n to_o the_o subject_a yet_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o when_o the_o cause_n which_o at_o present_a make_v silver_n scarce_o and_o dear_a shall_v cease_v silver_n itself_o will_v fall_v in_o its_o price_n and_o if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o coin_n shall_v have_v be_v debase_v then_o after_o the_o retrieve_v of_o the_o trade_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o bring_v down_o of_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n thereby_o the_o damage_n which_o the_o crown_n will_v sustain_v in_o its_o tax_n revenue_n and_o loan_n and_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commonalty_n especial_o ecclesiastical_a person_n will_v find_v thereby_o in_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o debt_n rent_n and_o annuity_n many_o of_o which_o be_v so_o fix_v and_o establish_v upon_o previous_a reservation_n or_o grant_n in_o fee_n or_o in_o tail_n or_o for_o life_n or_o year_n certain_a or_o be_v so_o payable_a by_o assurance_n already_o perfect_v as_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o same_o proportionable_o to_o the_o debasement_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o the_o loss_n or_o damage_n after_o such_o bring_v down_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n will_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o excessive_a alloy_n to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o money_n will_v continue_v and_o have_v duration_n at_o least_o till_o all_o such_o base_a money_n can_v be_v abate_v the_o mere_a reform_v of_o which_o will_v take_v up_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o be_v a_o new_a trouble_n and_o difficulty_n after_o the_o end_v of_o the_o present_a war_n and_o after_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o trade_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n five_o our_o present_a standard_n be_v well_o know_v in_o the_o world_n the_o same_o agree_v with_o most_o of_o the_o foreign_a mint_n in_o europe_n and_o all_o foreigner_n that_o deal_v with_o we_o regard_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n more_o than_o the_o extrinsic_a denomination_n and_o exchange_n with_o we_o according_o if_o base_a money_n shall_v be_v make_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n thereof_o will_v be_v uncertain_a or_o may_v be_v dispute_v and_o in_o dispute_n of_o such_o a_o nature_n it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o they_o will_v gain_v upon_o we_o than_o we_o upon_o they_o and_o so_o the_o exchange_n become_v more_o to_o our_o prejudice_n than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a six_o the_o debase_v of_o money_n by_o public_a authority_n be_v needless_a and_o frivolous_a for_o whatsoever_o advantage_n ground_v upon_o necessity_n can_v be_v propose_v thereby_o will_v arise_v more_o easy_o and_o have_v better_a
of_o such_o gold_n to_o be_v coin_v into_o twenty_o seven_o pound_n by_o tale_n 8._o to_o wit_n into_o twenty_o four_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n apiece_o or_o forty_o eight_o rial_n at_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n apiece_o or_o seventy_o two_o angel_n at_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n apiece_o or_o eighty_o one_o george-nobles_a at_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o forty_o and_o four_o half-angel_n at_o three_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o two_o fourty-peny_n piece_n at_o three-shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o fineness_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n only_o be_v to_o be_v coin_v into_o one_o hundred_o crown_n and_o a_o half_n of_o the_o double_a rose_n or_o two_o hundred_o and_o one_o half-crown_n make_v by_o tale_n twenty_o five_o pound_n two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_n be_v coin_v into_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o five_o groat_n or_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o half-groat_n or_o fivehundred_n and_o forty_o starling_n i._n e._n pence_n or_o one_o thousand_o and_o eighty_o halfpence_n or_o two_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o farthing_n and_o so_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o sterling_a silver_n be_v coin_v into_o forty_o five_o shilling_n by_o tale_n and_o ralph_n rowlett_n and_o martin_n bowes_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n 8._o the_o like_a a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n fine_a 8._o and_o one_o carat_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n sixteen_o shilling_n by_o tale_n by_o which_o indenture_n there_o be_v coin_v sovereign_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o half-sovereigns_a at_o ten_o shilling_n angel_n at_o eight_o shilling_n angelet_n at_o four_o shilling_n and_o quarter_n angelet_n at_o two_o shilling_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o two_o ounce_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o forty_o eight_o shilling_n by_o tale_n namely_o into_o testoon_n go_v for_o twelve_o penny_n apiece_o groat_n half-groat_n penny_n halfpence_n and_o farthing_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a 36._o and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o pound_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o thirty_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o sixty_o half-sovereigns_a at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o crown_n at_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o half-crown_n and_o the_o king_n have_v two_o carat_n of_o fine_a gold_n for_o coinage_n which_o yield_v he_o fifty_o shilling_n and_o silver_n be_v coin_v by_o the_o same_o indenture_n of_o six_o ounce_n fine_a and_o six_o ounce_n allay_v into_o forty_o eight_o shilling_n by_o tale._n this_o silver_n be_v to_o be_v coin_v into_o testoon_n groat_n half-groat_n penny_n halfpence_n and_o farthing_n and_o the_o indenture_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o sir_n martin_n bowes_n and_o other_o 8._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o carat_n fine_a and_o four_o carat_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o pound_n by_o tale_n as_o in_o the_o last_o and_o the_o king_n have_v four_o carat_n which_o yield_v he_o five_o pound_n two_o shilling_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o four_o ounce_n fine_a and_o eight_o ounce_n alloy_n be_v coin_v into_o forty_o eight_o shilling_n by_o tale_n which_o raise_v the_o pound_n weight_n of_o fine_a gold_n to_o thirty_o six_o pound_n and_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n to_o seven_o pound_n four_o shilling_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o carat_n fine_a 6._o and_o four_o carat_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o pound_n by_o tale_n out_o of_o which_o the_o king_n have_v a_o great_a profit_n and_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n of_o four_o ounce_n fine_a and_o eight_o ounce_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o forty_o eight_o shilling_n after_o which_o rate_v every_o pound_n of_o fine_a silver_n make_v in_o currant_n money_n seven_o pound_n four_o shilling_n and_o the_o king_n profit_n on_o every_o pound_n weight_n be_v four_o pound_n four_o shilling_n john_n york_n and_o other_o be_v master_n and_o worker_n of_o the_o mint_n in_o southwark_n another_o indenture_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o william_n tilsworth_n at_o canterbury_n a_o another_o indenture_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o sir_n martin_n bow_v for_o the_o tower_n a_o another_o indenture_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o george_n gale_n for_o the_o mint_n at_o york_n 6._o another_o indenture_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o john_n york_n for_o southwark_n a_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o charge_n of_o coinage_n a_o another_o indenture_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o william_n tilsworth_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o charge_n of_o coinage_n 6._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n be_v to_o be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o four_o pound_n by_o tale_n into_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o half-sovereigns_a at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o crown_n at_o five_o shilling_n and_o half-crown_n at_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o six_o ounce_n fine_a and_o six_o ounce_n allay_v be_v to_o be_v coin_v into_o seventy_o two_o shilling_n which_o shilling_n be_v to_o go_v for_o twelve_o penny_n apiece_o by_o tale_n of_o which_o the_o merchant_n for_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n receive_v three_o pound_n four_o shilling_n and_o the_o king_n above_o four_o pound_n gain_n by_o a_o commission_n to_o sir_n edmund_n peckham_n and_o other_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n 6._o of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n and_o three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a be_v coin_v into_o twenty_o eight_o pound_n sixteen_o shilling_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n apiece_o half-sovereigns_a at_o twelve_o shilling_n apiece_o angel_n at_o eight_o shilling_n apiece_o and_o half-angel_n at_o four_o shilling_n apiece_o by_o a_o commission_n to_o sir_n edmund_n peckham_n and_o other_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o three_o ounce_n fine_a 6._o and_o nine_o ounce_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o seventy_o two_o shilling_n at_o twelve_o penny_n apiece_o and_o the_o merchant_n receive_v for_o every_o ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n which_o he_o shall_v bring_v to_o the_o mint_n ten_o shilling_n of_o such_o money_n by_o which_o mean_v twelve_o ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v exorbitant_o raise_v to_o fourteen_o pound_n eight_o shilling_n by_o a_o commission_n to_o sir_n edmund_n peckham_n and_o other_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n 6._o of_o the_o old_a standard_n aforesaid_a be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o six_o pound_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n twenty_o four_o sovereign_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o seventy_o two_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o forty_o four_o half-angel_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o crown_n gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o three_o pound_n by_o tale_n viz._n thirty_o three_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o sixty_o six_o half-sovereigns_a at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o crown_n or_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o half-crown_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n consist_v of_o eleven_o ounce_n one_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o nineteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n be_v coin_v into_o three_o pound_n by_o tale_n viz._n twelve_o crown_n or_o twenty_o four_o half-crown_n or_o sixty_o shilling_n or_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o six-pence_n or_o two_o hundred_o forty_o threepence_n or_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o penny_n or_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o halfpence_n or_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o farthing_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n m._n of_o the_o old_a standard_n be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o six_o pound_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n eleven_o ounce_n fine_a be_v coin_v into_o three_o pound_n by_o tale_n and_o thomas_n egerton_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n eliz._n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a be_v coin_v into_o thirty_o six_o pound_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o twenty_o four_o sovereign_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o forty_o eight_o rial_n at_o fifteen_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o seventy_o two_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o forty_o and_o four_o half-angel_n at_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o crown_n gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n be_v coin_v
into_o thirty_o three_o pound_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n thirty_o three_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o sixty_o six_o half-sovereigns_a at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o crown_n at_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o half-crown_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_a silver_n to_o wit_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n be_v coin_v into_o three_o pound_n by_o tale_n of_o half-shilling_n groat_n quarter-shilling_n half-groat_n three-half-peny_n piece_n penny_n and_o farthing_n by_o indenture_n between_o the_o queen_n sir_n thomas_n standly_n and_o other_o eliz._n john_n lonison_n master_n and_o worker_n covenant_v to_o coin_v a_o pound_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n into_o seventy_o two_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o one_o hundred_o forty_o four_o half-angel_n at_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o two_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o quarter-angel_n amount_v in_o tale_n to_o thirty_o six_o pound_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o old_a sterling_a silver_n into_o half-shilling_n threepence_n three-half-peny_n piece_n or_o three-farthing_n piece_n to_o make_v three_o pound_n by_o tale._n richard_n martin_n covenant_v to_o coin_n gold_n eliz._n as_o in_o the_o last_o and_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n into_o sixty_o shilling_n or_o into_o three_o pound_n by_o tale_n in_o any_o of_o the_o denomination_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o indenture_n a_o commission_n to_o he_o to_o coin_v the_o pound_n troy_n of_o old_a standard_n gold_n into_o forty_o eight_o noble_n at_o fifteen_o shilling_n apiece_o 26._o or_o twenty_o four_o double_a noble_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o make_v thirty_o six_o pound_n the_o same_o to_o coin_v the_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a 35._o and_o two_o carat_n allay_v into_o thirty_o three_o sovereign_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o sixty_o six_o half-sovereigns_a or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o crown_n or_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o half-crown_n make_v thirty_o three_o pound_n by_o tale._n the_o same_o to_o coin_v the_o pound_n weight_n of_o old_a standard_n gold_n into_o seventy_o three_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o 43._o or_o one_o hundred_o forty_o and_o six_o half-angel_n or_o two_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o quarter_n angel_n make_v thirty_o six_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n in_o tale_n and_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n into_o thirty_o three_o sovereign_n and_o a_o half_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o sixty_o seven_o half-sovereigns_a or_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o crown_n or_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o eight_o half-crown_n make_v thirty_o three_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n in_o tale_n and_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o old_a standard_n silver_n into_o three_o pound_n two_o shilling_n by_o tale_n namely_o into_o crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n six-pence_n twopence_n penny_n and_o halfpence_n 1._o sir_n richard_n martin_n knight_n and_o richard_n martin_n his_o son_n master_n and_o worker_n covenant_v to_o coin_v a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n into_o thirty_o seven_o pound_n four_o shilling_n by_o tale_n viz._n into_o unite_v go_v for_o twenty_o shilling_n double-crown_n at_o ten_o shilling_n britain-crown_n at_o five_o shilling_n thistle-crown_n at_o four_o shilling_n and_o half-crown_n at_o two_o shilling_n sixpence_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n into_o sixty_o two_o shilling_n by_o tale_n namely_o into_o shilling_n six-pence_n twopence_n penny_n halfpence_n crown_n and_o half-crown_n 1._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a be_v coin_v into_o forty_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o rose-riall_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o spur-riall_n at_o fifteen_o shilling_n and_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o there_o be_v a_o proclamation_n for_o raise_v gold_n two_o shilling_n in_o every_o twenty_o shilling_n 9_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n gold_n be_v to_o be_v coin_v into_o forty_o four_o pound_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n rose-riall_n spur-riall_n and_o angel_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a be_v coin_v into_o forty_o pound_n eighteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n to_o wit_n into_o unite_v at_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n double-crown_n at_o eleven_o shilling_n british-crown_n at_o five_o shilling_n and_o sixpence_n thistle-crown_n at_o four_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n three_o farthing_n or_o half_a british_a crown_n at_o two_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n apiece_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n 1._o of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n allay_v be_v coin_v into_o forty_o four_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o rose-riall_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o spur-riall_n at_o fifteen_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o crown_n gold_n of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n into_o forty_o one_o pound_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o unite_v at_o twenty_o shilling_n double-crown_n at_o ten_o shilling_n or_o british-crown_n at_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a into_o sixty_o two_o shilling_n by_o tale_n namely_o into_o crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n half-shilling_n twopence_n penny_n and_o halfpence_n by_o indenture_n between_o the_o king_n and_o sir_n robert_n harleigh_n the_o like_a both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n 2_o by_o indenture_n between_o the_o king_n and_o sir_n ralph_n freeman_n a_o indenture_n between_o the_o king_n and_o henry_n slingsby_n master_n and_o worker_n 22._o to_o coin_v crown_n gold_n twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v into_o forty_o four_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o piece_n to_o run_v for_o ten_o shilling_n twenty_o shilling_n forty_o shilling_n or_o five_o pound_n apiece_o and_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n into_o three_o pound_n two_o shilling_n by_o tale_n to_o wit_n into_o crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n half-shilling_n groat_n half-six-pence_n half-groat_n and_o penny_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n 2_o twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n to_o be_v coin_v into_o forty_o four_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n into_o sixty_o two_o shilling_n by_o tale_n just_a as_o the_o precede_a indenture_n and_o thomas_n neale_n esq_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n m._n the_o like_a by_o the_o careful_a observe_v of_o which_o deduction_n here_o make_v from_o the_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n for_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n past_a many_o of_o which_o be_v yet_o extant_a and_o have_v be_v see_v and_o examine_v by_o i_o it_o do_v evident_o appear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o policy_n constant_o practise_v in_o the_o mint_n of_o england_n the_o like_a have_v indeed_o be_v do_v in_o all_o foreign_a mint_n belong_v to_o other_o government_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o its_o extrinsic_a denomination_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o any_o exigence_n or_o occasion_n require_v and_o more_o especial_o to_o encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v coin_v though_o sometime_o when_o the_o desire_a end_n be_v obtain_v the_o value_n have_v be_v suffer_v to_o fall_v again_o so_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o year_n from_o the_o twenty_o eight_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o until_o this_o time_n by_o such_o variation_n the_o extrinsic_a value_n or_o denomination_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v raise_v in_o about_o a_o triple_a proportion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o first_o as_o be_v plain_a by_o this_o narrative_a a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o sterling_a silver_n be_v shear_v at_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n and_o consequent_o two_o hundred_o forty_o three_o penny_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o one_o four_o of_o a_o shilling_n or_o one_o pound_n and_o one_o eighti_v part_n of_o a_o pound_n by_o tale_n be_v then_o coin_v out_o of_o the_o say_a pound_n weight_n troy_n whereas_o at_o this_o day_n and_o for_o about_o ninety_o year_n past_a a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o like_a silver_n be_v and_o have_v be_v coin_v into_o seven_o hundred_o forty_o four_o penny_n or_o sixty_o two_o shilling_n or_o three_o pound_n and_o one_o ten_o of_o a_o pound_n by_o tale_n the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n have_v then_o and_o now_o
as_o have_v be_v observe_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a deduction_n have_v be_v practise_v not_o only_o in_o our_o mint_n but_o in_o the_o mint_n of_o all_o politic_a government_n namely_o to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n to_o promote_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mint_n three_o the_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n will_v increase_v the_o whole_a species_n in_o tale_n and_o thereby_o make_v it_o more_o commensurate_a to_o the_o general_a need_n thereof_o for_o carry_v on_o the_o common_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o answer_v the_o payment_n on_o the_o numerous_a contract_n security_n and_o other_o daily_a occasion_n require_v a_o large_a supply_n of_o money_n for_o that_o purpose_n this_o reason_n may_v be_v far_o illustrate_v by_o consider_v that_o the_o want_n of_o a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o money_n have_v be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o introduce_v so_o much_o paper_n credit_n which_o be_v at_o best_a hazardous_a and_o may_v be_v carry_v too_o far_o and_o the_o set_v up_o of_o office_n both_o in_o city_n and_o country_n for_o barter_v of_o good_n or_o permutation_n four_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o old_a unclipt_a money_n and_o in_o the_o new_a coin_n now_o propose_v to_o be_v make_v aught_o to_o be_v raise_v as_o i_o have_v offer_v equal_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o payment_n for_o if_o piece_n have_v the_o same_o bigness_n shall_v have_v different_a value_v it_o may_v be_v difficult_a for_o the_o common_a people_n especial_o those_o not_o skill_v in_o arithmetic_n to_o compute_v how_o many_o of_o one_o kind_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o sum_n of_o another_o and_o there_o may_v be_v some_o dispute_n about_o the_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n to_o be_v pay_v upon_o mortgage_n bond_n contract_n or_o other_o legal_a security_n refer_v thereunto_o five_o the_o foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n for_o the_o crown_n here_o propose_v will_v not_o only_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o present_a rate_n of_o bullion_n but_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v such_o a_o sum_n as_o be_v deviseable_a into_o a_o great_a number_n of_o aliquot_fw-la or_o other_o integral_a part_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o lesser_a coin_n before_o propose_v so_o that_o none_o of_o they_o will_v come_v forth_o in_o any_o fractional_a part_n of_o a_o farthing_n which_o will_v obviate_v much_o perplexity_n among_o the_o common_a people_n and_o i_o think_v there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o sum_n near_o it_o that_o be_v deviseable_a in_o like_a manner_n six_o by_o this_o project_n all_o computation_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n use_v in_o account_n and_o the_o reckon_n by_o pound_n mark_n half-marks_a shilling_n and_o penny_n practise_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o in_o the_o record_n contract_n and_o other_o instrument_n relate_v thereunto_o will_v be_v preserve_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v seven_o by_o this_o method_n the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o present_a unclipt_a coin_n to_o be_v cut_v into_o lesser_a piece_n be_v render_v needless_a which_o species_n be_v at_o present_a for_o the_o most_o part_n hoard_v will_n upon_o raise_v their_o value_n come_v forth_o and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o supply_v the_o commerce_n and_o other_o occasion_n whilst_o the_o new_a money_n be_v make_v and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v to_o be_v utter_o impossible_a in_o this_o time_n of_o war_n to_o re-coin_n the_o clip_v money_n if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o unclipt_a shall_v be_v bring_v in_o to_o be_v new_o cut_v or_o if_o the_o unclipt_a piece_n shall_v not_o by_o such_o a_o encouragement_n be_v bring_v forth_o to_o supply_v the_o commerce_n pay_v tax_n and_o serve_v other_o occasion_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n eight_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o any_o design_n of_o amend_v the_o clip_v money_n can_v be_v compass_v without_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n remain_v in_o they_o because_o of_o the_o great_a deficiency_n of_o the_o silver_n clip_v away_o which_o upon_o recoining_a must_v necessary_o be_v defray_v or_o bear_v one_o way_n or_o other_o nine_o as_o our_o unclipt_a money_n and_o the_o new_a coin_n here_o propose_v to_o be_v make_v will_n by_o the_o former_a proposition_n retain_v the_o ancient_n sterling_n or_o old_a right_a standard_n of_o the_o mint_n for_o fineness_n and_o purity_n the_o alteration_n of_o which_o can_v never_o be_v justify_v by_o any_o necessity_n so_o by_o this_o proposition_n they_o will_v both_o continue_v the_o present_a standard_n of_o the_o mint_n in_o the_o weight_n or_o bigness_n of_o the_o respective_a piece_n without_o be_v cut_v into_o lesle_n as_o they_o have_v former_o be_v the_o new_a shilling_n only_o except_v these_o proposition_n indeed_o deal_v with_o nothing_o but_o the_o very_a value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n to_o make_v it_o equal_a to_o the_o currant_n price_n of_o our_o own_o bullion_n or_o silver_n in_o mass_n with_o a_o very_a little_a excess_n to_o wit_n of_o a_o halfpenny_n in_o a_o ounce_n to_o encourage_v the_o coinage_n and_o to_o make_v it_o bear_v the_o like_a reason_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a money_n now_o currant_n among_o we_o namely_o the_o pillar_n dollar_n which_o go_v at_o seven_o shilling_n and_o a_o penny_n per_fw-la ounce_n and_o sevil_n and_o mexico_n dollar_n at_o seven_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n and_o to_o effect_v a_o equality_n in_o all_o piece_n have_v the_o same_o extrinsic_a denomination_n and_o thereby_o to_o cure_v such_o mischief_n relate_v to_o our_o coin_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o the_o record_n of_o former_a age_n which_o raise_v value_v may_v be_v lower_v again_o by_o the_o wisdom_n and_o authority_n of_o parliament_n when_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o nation_n shall_v by_o god_n blessing_n be_v re-establisht_a without_o trouble_n or_o charge_n of_o recoining_a or_o cut_v the_o silver_n piece_n into_o other_o size_n as_o to_o the_o gold_n coin_n which_o be_v now_o almost_o whole_o reduce_v or_o convert_v into_o the_o piece_n call_v guineas_n and_o half-guineas_a they_o be_v first_o coin_v by_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o not_o long_o after_o the_o restauration_n and_o be_v ordain_v to_o go_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o the_o guinea_n and_o ten_o shilling_n for_o the_o half-guinea_n but_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o they_o ever_o pass_v at_o so_o little_a as_o the_o price_n which_o be_v then_o set_v upon_o they_o because_o our_o nation_n have_v be_v always_o too_o apt_a to_o overvalue_v its_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o time_n the_o guinea_n run_v for_o thirty_o shilling_n although_o the_o gold_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o spain_n italy_n barbary_n and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o world_n will_v not_o purchase_v so_o much_o silver_n there_o as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o four_o of_o our_o crown_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o here_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o observe_v that_o if_o the_o gold_n have_v advance_v proportionable_o with_o the_o silver_n then_o because_o as_o five_o shilling_n the_o standard_n value_v of_o the_o silver_n in_o a_o crown_n be_v to_o six_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n halfpenny_n the_o present_a value_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n in_o mass_n so_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o standard_n value_v of_o the_o gold_n in_o guinea_n be_v to_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n and_o ten_o penny_n it_o shall_v follow_v by_o reason_n that_o a_o guinea_n at_o this_o day_n shall_v go_v for_o about_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n and_o ten_o penny_n but_o it_o apparent_o run_v for_o about_o five_o shilling_n more_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silver_n in_o a_o crown_n be_v rise_v about_o a_o five_o part_n the_o gold_n in_o a_o guinea_n be_v rise_v in_o a_o much_o great_a proportion_n namely_o a_o complete_a three_o part_n which_o advance_v of_o five_o shilling_n in_o a_o guinea_n over_o and_o above_o the_o proportionable_a rise_n which_o it_o shall_v have_v have_v to_o make_v it_o keep_v pace_n with_o the_o silver_n be_v exceed_o detrimental_a to_o our_o nation_n at_o this_o day_n as_o will_v be_v hereafter_o show_v more_o at_o large_a and_o see_v it_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o nothing_o but_o the_o present_a badness_n of_o our_o silver_n coin_n which_o be_v so_o exceed_o counterfeit_v and_o clip_v that_o the_o common_a people_n will_v take_v guineas_n almost_o at_o any_o rate_n rather_o than_o stand_v the_o hazard_n and_o vexation_n of_o such_o silver_n money_n as_o be_v now_o currant_n among_o they_o i_o be_o therefore_o humble_o of_o opinion_n that_o alter_v the_o present_a standard_n of_o our_o gold_n coin_n which_o prescribe_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carats_n alloy_n and_o that_o forty_o four_o
and_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o four_o million_o of_o this_o sum_n consist_v of_o piece_n that_o be_v diminish_v some_o more_o some_o less_o by_o clip_v than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o remain_v in_o the_o kingdom_n about_o one_o million_o and_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n of_o heavy_a money_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o lie_v in_o hoard_v and_o the_o rest_n currant_n chief_o in_o the_o county_n most_o remote_a from_o london_n three_o i_o be_o to_o compute_v as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v how_o far_o the_o clip_v piece_n now_o in_o be_v may_v have_v be_v diminish_v in_o their_o weight_n in_o reference_n to_o which_o your_o lordship_n may_v be_v please_v to_o be_v reminded_a that_o when_o the_o earl_n of_o rochester_n be_v lord_n treasurer_n several_a good_a order_n be_v establish_v by_o he_o for_o the_o exchequer_n one_o of_o which_o be_v to_o have_v all_o the_o bag_n of_o money_n there_o receive_v to_o be_v weigh_v and_o i_o have_v extract_v from_o the_o book_n of_o one_o of_o the_o teller_n the_o weight_n of_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o bag_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_v each_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o receipt_n promiscuous_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n last_o now_o whereas_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a in_o silver_n money_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n aught_o to_o be_v thirty_o two_o pound_n three_o ounce_n one_o penny_n weight_n and_o twenty_o two_o grain_n troy_n and_o consequent_o the_o say_a bag_n contain_v fifty_o seven_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n this_o aught_o to_o have_v weigh_v two_o hundred_o twenty_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o ounce_n sixteen_o penny_n weight_n and_o eight_o grain_n troy_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o say_v fifty_o seven_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n comprise_v some_o weighty_a piece_n though_o few_o weigh_v only_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirteen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o one_o ounce_n and_o five_o peny_n weight_n troy_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o fifty_o seven_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n be_v good_a silver_n yet_o it_o be_v deficient_a in_o weight_n one_o hundred_o and_o seven_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o forty_o seven_o ounce_n eleven_o penny_n weight_n and_o eight_o grain_n troy_n from_o whence_o i_o infer_v first_o that_o the_o money_n common_o currant_n be_v diminish_v near_o one_o half_a to_o wit_n in_o a_o proportion_n something_o great_a than_o that_o of_o ten_o to_o twenty_o two_o second_o that_o go_v by_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o say_a number_n of_o bag_n and_o make_v but_o a_o very_a small_a allowance_n for_o the_o unclipt_a piece_n in_o the_o say_a bag_n and_o for_o the_o difference_n of_o money_n bring_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o that_o which_o pass_v among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o former_a be_v in_o most_o payment_n the_o best_a of_o the_o clip_v money_n every_o one_o must_v be_v convince_v that_o if_o all_o the_o clip_v piece_n of_o silver_n money_n in_o england_n can_v be_v weigh_v together_o they_o will_v be_v find_v deficient_a a_o full_a half_n of_o their_o standard_n weight_n again_o three_o if_o all_o the_o piece_n in_o england_n that_o be_v more_o or_o less_o clip_v do_v amount_v by_o tale_n to_o four_o million_o as_o be_v before_o suppose_v than_o i_o infer_v that_o by_o recoining_a the_o same_o upon_o the_o old_a foot_n it_o will_v make_v but_o two_o million_o and_o the_o loss_n will_v be_v as_o much_o but_o by_o recoining_a the_o same_o upon_o the_o foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n for_o the_o present_a crown_n piece_n as_o be_v above_o propose_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o clip_v money_n will_v make_v two_o million_o and_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o the_o loss_n will_v be_v fifteen_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n to_o be_v bear_v either_o by_o public_a aid_n or_o by_o the_o particular_n interest_v in_o the_o clip_v money_n or_o by_o both_o the_o three_o general_n head_n discuss_n this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a at_o this_o time_n to_o re-establish_a the_o coin_n it_o will_v ready_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o melt_a and_o new_a fabricate_a the_o much_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o silver_n money_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o the_o clip_v piece_n be_v will_v be_v a_o work_n very_o improper_a to_o be_v enterprise_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o important_a and_o expensive_a war_n if_o the_o do_v thereof_o be_v not_o indispensible_o necessary_a to_o render_v effectual_a the_o very_a way_n and_o mean_n which_o in_o parliament_n may_v be_v resolve_v upon_o in_o reference_n to_o aid_n or_o supply_n for_o carry_v on_o of_o the_o same_o war_n and_o to_o produce_v a_o species_n of_o money_n that_o may_v be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a for_o the_o uphold_v of_o the_o commerce_n and_o for_o answer_v not_o only_o of_o the_o public_a but_o also_o of_o all_o private_a revenue_n rent_n debt_n and_o other_o occasion_n which_o concern_v the_o very_a existence_n of_o the_o great_a political_a body_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o i_o upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o say_v that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o judge_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o clip_v money_n re-coined_a have_v resolve_v thereupon_o after_o many_o long_a and_o mature_a deliberation_n in_o the_o last_o session_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o evil_n which_o for_o some_o time_n past_o have_v be_v grow_v upon_o we_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o coin_n be_v at_o length_n actual_o arrive_v and_o more_o sensible_o feel_v i_o shall_v take_v leave_n humble_o to_o state_n the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o understanding_n and_o submit_v the_o judgement_n thereof_o to_o public_a authority_n first_o because_o such_o of_o the_o silver_n coin_n as_o be_v usual_o currant_n or_o offer_v in_o payment_n be_v very_o bad_a and_o defective_a the_o common_a people_n without_o any_o visible_a reason_n other_o thanto_n avoid_v the_o danger_n and_o vexation_n of_o such_o money_n by_o almost_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n and_o agreement_n do_v take_v guineas_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o little_o more_o or_o less_o which_o raise_v the_o gold_n here_o as_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o a_o much_o high_a price_n in_o proportion_n than_o silver_n in_o bullion_n now_o go_v at_o or_o that_o silver_n in_o coin_n will_v go_v for_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v raise_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n for_o the_o crown_n piece_n according_a to_o this_o projection_n and_o this_o exorbitant_a price_n of_o gold_n here_o have_v encourage_v foreign_a merchant_n to_o import_n it_o upon_o we_o in_o great_a quantity_n and_o in_o return_n for_o the_o same_o they_o either_o export_v our_o silver_n in_o coin_n or_o molten_n which_o lie_v in_o a_o little_a room_n the_o exportation_n thereof_o can_v easy_o be_v prevent_v or_o second_o they_o buy_v our_o native_a commodity_n the_o interruption_n of_o the_o navigation_n not_o allow_v we_o such_o a_o overplus_n of_o good_n bring_v from_o our_o colony_n in_o america_n and_o other_o foreign_a part_n wherewith_o england_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v at_o least_o balance_n its_o trade_n with_o its_o neighbour_n or_o three_o they_o draw_v back_o the_o aforesaid_a value_n of_o their_o gold_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o remittance_n in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o case_n they_o make_v a_o unreasonable_a profit_n by_o their_o gold_n which_o must_v needs_o in_o a_o little_a time_n exhaust_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o real_a stock_n and_o wealth_n of_o our_o nation_n but_o particular_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o bullion_n or_o coin_n in_o silver_n that_o be_v export_v be_v real_o worth_n much_o more_o than_o the_o gold_n import_v for_o it_o and_o the_o difference_n become_v a_o dead_a loss_n to_o england_n which_o labour_n too_o much_o already_o under_o the_o scarcity_n of_o silver_n and_o will_v inevitable_o find_v it_o much_o scarce_a and_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v if_o this_o golden_a trade_n continue_v in_o the_o second_o case_n they_o can_v furnish_v foreign_a market_n with_o our_o native_a commodity_n which_o will_v be_v carry_v thither_o by_o our_o own_o merchant_n who_o want_v the_o aforesaid_a profit_n of_o the_o gold_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o buy_v those_o good_n as_o dear_a and_o sell_v they_o as_o cheap_a as_o the_o foreigner_n can_v and_o in_o the_o three_o case_n by_o the_o great_a occasion_n they_o have_v for_o bill_n to_o draw_v back_o the_o value_n of_o their_o gold_n to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v they_o have_v contribute_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n towards_o lower_v the_o exchange_n to_o the_o low_a country_n
ten_o that_o the_o warden_n master_n worker_n comptroller_n and_o assay-master_n of_o the_o mint_n do_v continue_v at_o the_o tower_n and_o take_v the_o immediate_a care_n of_o the_o work_n there_o and_o that_o they_o substitute_n fit_a and_o skilful_a person_n as_o their_o deputy_n such_o as_o the_o king_n or_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n or_o commissioner_n of_o the_o treasury_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v approve_v of_o and_o such_o as_o must_v be_v answer_v for_o by_o their_o respective_a superior_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o work_v of_o the_o say_v nine_o mint_n in_o the_o country_n which_o substitute_n shall_v be_v all_o swear_a for_o the_o faithful_a discharge_n of_o their_o respective_a trust_n and_o that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o corporation_n of_o the_o moneyer_n and_o other_o minister_n officer_n and_o servant_n be_v distribute_v according_o and_o small_a private_a mark_n if_o think_v fit_a may_v be_v make_v to_o distinguish_v the_o money_n that_o shall_v be_v coin_v at_o the_o respective_a mint_n eleven_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o silver_n money_n which_o at_o present_a be_v one_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n halfpenny_n be_v make_v more_o reasonable_a now_o so_o much_o be_v to_o be_v coin_v and_o re-coined_a twelve_o that_o at_o or_o near_o every_o town_n or_o place_n where_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o distinct_a mint_n establish_v as_o aforesaid_a there_o shall_v be_v also_o settle_v and_o fix_v a_o office_n which_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v call_v a_o office_n of_o the_o king_n change_n and_o the_o chief_a officer_n therein_o to_o be_v name_v by_o his_o majesty_n or_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n or_o commissioner_n of_o the_o treasury_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v be_v call_v the_o king_n changer_n and_o that_o these_o changer_n shall_v have_v teller_n or_o substitute_n under_o they_o and_o they_o as_o well_o as_o their_o substitute_n shall_v be_v swear_v for_o the_o due_a and_o just_a execution_n of_o their_o respective_a trust_n with_o regard_n not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o also_o to_o every_o person_n that_o shall_v have_v to_o do_v with_o they_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o place_n thirteen_o the_o say_a officer_n call_v the_o changer_n with_o such_o teller_n or_o substitute_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a shall_v daily_o and_o every_o day_n sunday_n only_o except_v attend_v at_o the_o public_a office_n whereunto_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v assign_v or_o at_o some_o other_o market_n town_n within_o the_o county_n of_o his_o district_n and_o when_o he_o be_v to_o attend_v at_o such_o other_o market_n town_n he_o shall_v cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v public_o notify_v there_o by_o affix_v a_o paper_n in_o some_o open_a place_n in_o the_o market_n next_o precede_v and_o at_o the_o say_v public_a office_n or_o at_o such_o other_o market_n town_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o say_a changer_n by_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o teller_n or_o substitute_n shall_v receive_v and_o take_v in_o all_o such_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n as_o be_v beforementioned_a as_o any_o person_n or_o person_n shall_v bring_v to_o he_o in_o order_n to_o be_v recoined_a and_o in_o performance_n of_o his_o office_n or_o duty_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v hold_v to_o observe_v the_o rule_n follow_v rule_n i._n he_o or_o they_o shall_v careful_o view_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o sight_n every_o piece_n or_o parcel_v of_o the_o say_a money_n as_o shall_v be_v so_o bring_v in_o and_o if_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v observe_v any_o piece_n or_o piece_n which_o shall_v seem_v to_o be_v so_o weighty_a as_o that_o by_o the_o eight_o proposition_n the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v currant_n upon_o the_o new_a foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n for_o the_o crown_n abovementioned_a he_o or_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o cause_v the_o weight_n thereof_o to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o scale_n and_o if_o he_o or_o they_o do_v thereby_o find_v that_o such_o respective_a piece_n or_o piece_n be_v of_o such_o weight_n as_o that_o the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v currant_n upon_o the_o say_v new_a foot_n without_o be_v melt_v down_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v immediate_o mark_v with_o some_o impression_n by_o a_o hammer_n and_o redeliver_v to_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o to_o be_v currant_n at_o the_o raise_a value_n intend_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o mark_v be_v design_v chief_o to_o prevent_v his_o be_v trouble_v with_o it_o again_o at_o the_o office_n rule_n ii_o if_o the_o changer_n or_o his_o teller_n or_o substitute_n shall_v suspect_v any_o piece_n or_o piece_n of_o money_n bring_v in_o as_o aforesaid_a either_o alone_a or_o in_o a_o sum_n to_o be_v counterfeit_n or_o to_o be_v such_o money_n as_o be_v not_o original_o coin_v in_o the_o royal_a mint_n of_o england_n that_o then_o and_o in_o every_o such_o case_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v cause_v such_o suspicious_a piece_n or_o piece_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bringer_n to_o be_v divide_v by_o shear_n for_o that_o purpose_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o use_v in_o the_o office_n and_o if_o upon_o divide_v the_o same_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o the_o grain_n or_o the_o touch_n that_o such_o piece_n or_o piece_n be_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o sterling_a silver_n that_o then_o and_o in_o every_o such_o case_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v retain_v such_o silver_n as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o divide_v in_o order_n to_o be_v recoined_a but_o if_o upon_o such_o division_n the_o silver_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v worse_o than_o the_o goodness_n of_o sterling_n every_o piece_n so_o divide_v shall_v be_v deliver_v back_o to_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o who_o in_o that_o case_n must_v be_v content_v with_o his_o own_o again_o in_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o it_o will_v not_o serve_v to_o defraud_v any_o body_n else_o rule_n iii_o as_o to_o all_o the_o say_v clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n which_o shall_v consist_v of_o the_o old_a crown_n hold_v any_o weight_n less_o than_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n the_o half-crown_n hold_v any_o weight_n less_o than_o nine_o penny_n weight_n the_o old_a shilling_n hold_v any_o weight_n less_o than_o three_o penny_n weight_n and_o six_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n weight_n and_o the_o old_a tester_n or_o sixpence_n hold_v any_o weight_n less_o than_o one_o penny_n weight_n and_o eight_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n weight_n which_o shall_v be_v so_o bring_v in_o to_o be_v melt_v down_o and_o recoined_a whereupon_o the_o loss_n abovementioned_a be_v to_o be_v bear_v either_o by_o the_o state_n or_o by_o particular_a person_n or_o both_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a at_o present_a how_o much_o of_o the_o say_a loss_n by_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o parliament_n shall_v fall_v upon_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o neverthelss_o for_o the_o explanation_n of_o this_o project_n and_o to_o show_v how_o far_o it_o be_v practicable_a one_o may_v as_o i_o humble_o conceive_v assume_v any_o certain_a part_n of_o this_o loss_n to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o public_a as_o if_o it_o be_v resolve_v and_o consider_v that_o one_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n of_o all_o these_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n if_o they_o be_v in_o one_o heap_v will_v not_o by_o the_o estimation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v thereof_o under_o the_o second_o general_n head_n hold_v above_o sixteen_o pound_n weight_n troy_n or_o thereabouts_o one_o with_o another_o which_o the_o king_n subject_n deal_v therein_o do_v also_o find_v by_o daily_a experience_n i_o do_v from_o thence_o infer_v that_o if_o the_o say_v sixteen_o pound_n weight_n troy_n which_o now_o run_v for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o changer_n to_o be_v by_o he_o receive_v at_o eight_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n then_o the_o say_v eight_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o new_a money_n will_v amount_v to_o seventy_o six_o pound_n and_o sixteen_o shilling_n which_o will_v plain_o cast_v about_o half_a the_o loss_n upon_o the_o state_n and_o the_o rest_n upon_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o money_n who_o will_v also_o find_v some_o recompense_n in_o the_o raise_a value_n of_o his_o unclipt_a money_n if_o he_o have_v any_o such_o therefore_o let_v eight_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n in_o the_o new_a money_n be_v the_o assume_v or_o state_v price_n to_o be_v compute_v by_o the_o changer_n for_o all_o the_o real_a silver_n which_o he_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v remain_v in_o these_o clip_v money_n which_o method_n of_o make_v good_a part_n of_o the_o loss_n to_o the_o subject_a by_o allow_v he_o a_o large_a price_n for_o every_o ounce_n of_o the_o real_a silver_n remain_v in_o his_o clip_v money_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v much_o more_o secure_a and_o to_o be_v in_o all_o respect_n a_o better_a way_n than_o by_o
allow_v he_o a_o market_n price_n only_o for_o the_o say_a silver_n remain_v and_o contribute_v to_o his_o loss_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o deficiency_n or_o silver_n clip_v off_o because_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n it_o will_v be_v in_o his_o power_n before_o he_o bring_v in_o his_o money_n to_o clip_v it_o over_o again_o and_o reduce_v it_o so_o low_a as_o that_o the_o deficient_a weight_n if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v make_v good_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a may_v be_v twice_o thrice_o four_o time_n five_o time_n etc._n etc._n as_o much_o as_o the_o real_a silver_n bring_v in_o by_o he_o will_v amount_v to_o whereas_o by_o this_o three_o rule_n the_o danger_n of_o far_a clip_v be_v perfect_o obviate_v for_o no_o man_n will_v clip_v off_o silver_n to_o sell_v at_o six_o shilling_n five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n by_o the_o market_n price_n when_o he_o may_v carry_v it_o to_o the_o king_n change_n and_o there_o receive_v eight_o shilling_n per_fw-la ounce_n for_o it_o rule_n iu._n whereas_o the_o say_v clip_v money_n so_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o do_v retain_v very_o different_a and_o uncertain_a weight_n and_o size_n as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o clip_v and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o clip_v crown_n hold_v more_o than_o twelve_o penny_n weight_n and_o twelve_o grain_n will_v produce_v more_o than_o five_o shilling_n in_o new_a money_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v change_v by_o itself_o at_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half-crown_n hold_v more_o than_o six_o penny_n weight_n and_o six_o grain_n will_v if_o it_o be_v change_v by_o it_o self_n for_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n produce_v more_o than_o two_o shilling_n and_o a_o half_n in_o the_o new_a money_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o old_a shilling_n and_o six-pence_n not_o clip_v to_o a_o low_a degree_n in_o proportion_n i_o have_v consider_v although_o the_o government_n will_v not_o suffer_v in_o this_o case_n that_o goldsmith_n and_o other_o subtle_a dealer_n in_o money_n will_v be_v very_o apt_a if_o a_o effectual_a remedy_n be_v not_o provide_v against_o their_o artifices_fw-la to_o cull_v out_o the_o heavy_a of_o their_o clip_v piece_n and_o to_o get_v such_o into_o their_o hand_n from_o their_o neighbour_n to_o change_v they_o at_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n and_o thereby_o gain_v for_o they_o more_o new_a money_n in_o tale_n than_o ever_o they_o amount_v to_o in_o their_o old_a denomination_n and_o in_o regard_n one_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n of_o the_o say_v clip_v money_n hold_v in_o weight_n two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o ounce_n troy_n when_o it_o be_v change_v at_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n will_v produce_v one_o hundred_o pound_n in_o tale_n of_o the_o say_v new_a money_n therefore_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o every_o person_n who_o bring_v any_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n to_o be_v change_v as_o aforesaid_a shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o mingle_v so_o many_o of_o his_o light_a piece_n with_o his_o heavy_a piece_n as_o that_o upon_o the_o draught_n or_o weigh_v of_o they_o together_o they_o may_v not_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n fetch_v more_o of_o the_o new_a money_n in_o tale_n than_o the_o say_v clip_v money_n be_v coin_v for_o in_o its_o old_a denomination_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o hundred_o pound_n by_o tale_n of_o such_o clip_v money_n shall_v be_v so_o mingle_v with_o heavy_a and_o light_a piece_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o exceed_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o ounce_n in_o weight_n and_o every_o other_o sum_n of_o clip_v money_n shall_v be_v restrain_v to_o the_o same_o proportion_n this_o will_v effectual_o prevent_v the_o say_a trick_n of_o cull_v and_o create_v little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o practice_n because_o among_o all_o the_o clip_v money_n those_o which_o may_v be_v convert_v to_o the_o advantage_n abovementioned_a be_v few_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o a_o sum_n consist_v only_o of_o such_o weighty_a piece_n will_v not_o in_o probability_n ever_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o changer_n by_o any_o but_o by_o crafty_a or_o design_v men._n and_o by_o this_o device_n your_o lordship_n may_v be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o weigh_v every_o individual_a piece_n which_o as_o i_o think_v will_v render_v the_o work_n endless_a and_o impossible_a the_o changer_n or_o his_o substitute_n when_o he_o shall_v have_v careful_o count_v and_o weigh_v the_o say_v clip_v money_n observe_v the_o caution_n aforesaid_a shall_v compute_v the_o value_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n and_o enter_v into_o a_o leger_n book_n to_o be_v keep_v for_o this_o purpose_n the_o day_n month_n and_o year_n of_o his_o receipt_n thereof_o the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n that_o bring_v it_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o clip_v money_n tell_v the_o exact_a weight_n thereof_o and_o the_o say_v value_v which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o in_o new_a money_n in_o several_a colume_n to_o be_v make_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o which_o value_n a_o bill_n or_o ticket_n be_v to_o be_v give_v as_o be_v aftermentioned_a rule_n v._n the_o changer_n or_o his_o substitute_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n deliver_v over_o the_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n by_o he_o or_o they_o receive_v and_o take_v in_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o proper_a officer_n of_o the_o respective_a mint_n for_o that_o district_n where_o it_o be_v receive_v in_o order_n to_o be_v recoined_n take_v receipt_n for_o the_o same_o by_o the_o weight_n and_o tale_n of_o every_o quantity_n so_o deliver_v over_o which_o receipt_n be_v to_o be_v the_o voucher_n for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o changer_n and_o the_o same_o together_o with_o his_o leger_n will_v serve_v to_o charge_v the_o account_v officer_n of_o the_o mint_n rule_n vi._n that_o there_o shall_v be_v provide_v for_o every_o changer_n a_o book_n or_o book_n in_o which_o every_o leaf_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o colume_n by_o a_o figure_n or_o cypher_n to_o be_v print_v therein_o and_o shall_v be_v so_o draw_v with_o line_n cut_v the_o cypher_n at_o right_a angle_n as_o that_o six_o pair_n of_o bill_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o every_o leaf_n and_o so_o that_o every_o counterpart_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o its_o principal_a indent-wise_a by_o cut_v through_o the_o cypher_n or_o flourish_n all_o which_o bill_n shall_v be_v number_v in_o pair_n arithmetical_o 1_o 2_o 3_o etc._n etc._n as_o far_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n and_o there_o shall_v be_v print_v thereupon_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v at_o last_o to_o be_v satisfy_v and_o other_o word_n to_o this_o effect_n no._n 1._o nottingham_n this_o bill_n entitle_v the_o bearer_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o to_o be_v pay_v with_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o five_o pound_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la out_o of_o the_o fond_a settle_a by_o parliament_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o register_n for_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n keep_v at_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_a changer_n or_o his_o substitute_n upon_o adjust_v by_o the_o three_o and_o four_o rule_n aforesaid_a the_o value_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o new_a money_n for_o any_o parcel_n of_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n bring_v in_o as_o aforesaid_a shall_v deliver_v to_o the_o party_n bring_v the_o same_o a_o indent_v note_n to_o wit_n one_o of_o those_o of_o the_o extreme_a column_n cut_v out_o from_o the_o say_a book_n and_o sign_v by_o himself_o for_o the_o say_a value_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o course_n as_o be_v hereafter_o mention_v take_v care_n that_o the_o sum_n express_v in_o the_o note_n so_o deliver_v be_v also_o write_v in_o word_n at_o length_n in_o the_o counterpart_n remain_v in_o the_o book_n which_o book_n by_o this_o mean_n will_v not_o only_o be_v useful_a and_o ready_a in_o the_o city_n or_o country_n to_o cheque_fw-fr the_o principal_a bill_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n for_o so_o do_v but_o will_v also_o well_o serve_v for_o a_o exact_a register_n without_o make_v any_o other_o to_o guide_n and_o govern_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o principal_a in_o the_o due_a course_n intend_v and_o the_o just_a computation_n and_o payment_n of_o the_o interest_n upon_o every_o such_o bill_n rule_n vii_o that_o no_o such_o bill_n shall_v be_v give_v or_o ask_v for_o any_o sum_n less_o than_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o tale_n of_o the_o new_a money_n and_o if_o several_a piece_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o change_n for_o any_o sum_n or_o sum_v small_a than_o twenty_o shilling_n several_a of_o they_o may_v be_v join_v in_o one_o bill_n which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o
such_o name_n as_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o money_n shall_v desire_v and_o if_o they_o can_v agree_v it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mayor_n bailiff_n or_o other_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o magistrate_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o parish_n in_o trust_n for_o the_o several_a owner_n of_o such_o small_a sum_n the_o seven_o rule_n before_o go_v concern_v the_o duty_n and_o office_n of_o the_o changer_n only_o fourteen_o that_o all_o the_o silver_n which_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o say_v clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n or_o from_o the_o plate_n of_o the_o vintner_n and_o victualler_n or_o that_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v coin_v by_o the_o merchant_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n shall_v be_v coin_v into_o money_n according_a to_o these_o proposition_n in_o the_o do_v whereof_o the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o all_o their_o substitute_n officer_n and_o servant_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a constitution_n and_o order_n touch_v assay_v melt_v refine_v try_v charge_v discharge_v or_o any_o matter_n or_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o fabrication_n of_o these_o money_n as_o be_v already_o establish_v for_o money_n make_v at_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o that_o the_o respective_a substitute_n shall_v be_v accountable_a to_o their_o respective_a superior_n and_o that_o the_o superior_a officer_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o king_n as_o now_o they_o be_v fifteenth_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a bill_n for_o the_o value_v of_o the_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n shall_v be_v payable_a to_o the_o respective_a bearer_n who_o shall_v show_v forth_o and_o bring_v in_o the_o same_o bill_n whereby_o the_o property_n thereof_o will_v be_v easy_o transferrable_a without_o write_v and_o the_o voluntary_a acceptance_n thereof_o in_o payment_n shall_v be_v a_o good_a discharge_n as_o if_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o money_n and_o the_o better_a to_o encourage_v the_o currancy_n of_o these_o bill_n it_o be_v propose_v that_o they_o bear_v a_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o five_o pound_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la from_o the_o date_n thereof_o which_o will_v plain_o appear_v not_o only_o in_o the_o bill_n itself_o but_o in_o its_o counterpart_n remain_v in_o the_o register_n book_n until_o its_o full_a satisfaction_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o these_o bill_n be_v charge_v upon_o so_o good_a a_o fond_a in_o so_o near_o a_o course_n and_o make_v profitable_a by_o the_o interest_n will_v be_v preferable_a to_o the_o bill_n of_o any_o bank_n or_o goldsmith_n or_o private_a person_n whatsoever_o and_o serve_v as_o well_o to_o all_o intent_n as_o so_o much_o cash_n whilst_o the_o clip_v money_n be_v convert_v into_o sterling_a money_n and_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o interest_n those_o that_o have_v the_o clip_v money_n will_v bring_v they_o in_o the_o more_o speedy_o memorandum_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o bill_n become_v payable_a in_o course_n although_o the_o owner_n do_v not_o fetch_v his_o money_n it_o must_v be_v reserve_v for_o he_o only_o the_o interest_n must_v cease_v from_o that_o time_n sixteenth_o that_o the_o time_n for_o take_v in_o of_o the_o clip_v money_n be_v limit_v to_o six_o month_n seventeenth_o for_o settle_v and_o establish_v a_o ample_a and_o sufficient_a fond_a and_o security_n for_o the_o payment_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o principal_a and_o interest_n to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a bill_n in_o such_o due_a course_n and_o order_n as_o that_o every_o person_n who_o part_n with_o his_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n may_v plain_o see_v and_o be_v satisfy_v that_o he_o or_o his_o assign_v shall_v certain_o receive_v the_o value_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o payment_n will_v commence_v in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n and_o be_v continue_v without_o any_o interruption_n till_o the_o whole_a be_v complete_v which_o will_v very_o much_o influence_n this_o whole_a affair_n it_o be_v humble_o propose_v that_o it_o may_v be_v enact_v as_o follow_v 2_o lie_v that_o it_o shall_v and_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o or_o for_o any_o person_n or_o person_n body_n politic_a or_o corporate_a to_o advance_v or_o lend_v at_o the_o exchequer_n in_o such_o unclipt_a money_n as_o will_v be_v currant_n by_o this_o project_n any_o sum_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n not_o exceed_v eight_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o by_o estimation_n will_v make_v good_a so_o much_o of_o the_o loss_n as_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o state_n or_o public_a if_o the_o clip_v money_n be_v take_v in_o at_o the_o say_v assume_v rate_n of_o eight_o shilling_n a_o ounce_n and_o such_o loan_n will_v consequent_o be_v accept_v in_o money_n at_o the_o raise_a value_n abovemention_v and_o the_o same_o together_o with_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o seven_o pound_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la may_v be_v charge_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a aid_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o loan_n at_o the_o exchequer_n have_v usual_o be_v charge_v upon_o other_o aid_n and_o that_o the_o weighty_a money_n that_o shall_v be_v so_o lend_v be_v also_o appropriate_v and_o be_v make_v auxiliary_a to_o the_o pay_v off_o the_o say_a bill_n in_o the_o several_a register_n thereof_o and_o be_v apply_v distribute_v and_o transmit_v to_o and_o among_o the_o same_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o treasury_n and_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o such_o proporiton_n as_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o sum_n that_o shall_v be_v due_a and_o owing_n from_o time_n to_o time_n upon_o those_o register_n respective_o 3_o dly_z that_o any_o merchant_n or_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o have_v or_o that_o shall_v have_v any_o silver_n bullion_n whatsoever_o whether_o it_o be_v foreign_a silver_n plate_n in_o vessel_n the_o silver_n of_o counterfeit_n money_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o bullion_n whatsoever_o shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o carry_v the_o same_o to_o any_o of_o the_o say_a mint_n and_o have_v it_o in_o his_o own_o election_n either_o to_o have_v it_o coin_v into_o new_a money_n upon_o the_o new_a foot_n to_o his_o own_o use_n in_o which_o case_n he_o must_v receive_v his_o coin_v money_n according_a to_o the_o present_a course_n of_o the_o mint_n or_o else_o to_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v lend_v the_o value_n of_o it_o at_o the_o exchequer_n as_o part_v of_o the_o say_a sum_n not_o exceed_v eight_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o which_o case_n last_o mention_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n shall_v certify_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o quantity_n of_o sterling_a silver_n or_o silver_n reduce_v to_o sterling_n that_o shall_v be_v so_o deliver_v to_o they_o and_o the_o value_n thereof_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n halfpenny_n a_o ounce_n and_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n upon_o produce_v these_o certificate_n shall_v give_v to_o the_o party_n tally_n and_o order_n charge_v upon_o the_o say_a aid_n for_o the_o value_v so_o certify_v as_o if_o it_o be_v lend_v in_o the_o say_a currant_n money_n at_o the_o receipt_n in_o part_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n not_o exceed_v eight_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o for_o the_o interest_n thereof_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o new_a money_n which_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o bullion_n so_o lend_v shall_v be_v appropriate_v and_o be_v transmit_v and_o distribute_v to_o and_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o say_a register_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o other_o money_n which_o shall_v be_v lend_v as_o aforesaid_a 4_o thly_a in_o case_n the_o silver_n of_o the_o clip_v money_n and_o such_o loan_n as_o aforesaid_a shall_v not_o suffice_v to_o clear_v all_o the_o register_n than_o the_o remainder_n must_v be_v pay_v by_o the_o overplus_n money_n to_o be_v collect_v for_o the_o aid_n itself_o and_o in_o default_n thereof_o which_o be_v not_o very_o likely_a the_o last_o deficiency_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o then_o next_o money_n to_o be_v raise_v by_o parliament_n eighteenth_o that_o the_o present_a coinage_n duty_n may_v be_v apply_v towards_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o say_a mint_n in_o general_n nineteenth_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o treasury_n or_o lord_n treasurer_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o such_o person_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v to_o be_v the_o under_o treasurer_n or_o supervisor_n for_o this_o purpose_n shall_v have_v the_o oversight_n rule_n order_n and_o government_n of_o this_o affair_n according_a to_o the_o law_n that_o shall_v be_v enact_v for_o the_o same_o and_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o administer_v the_o oath_n and_o take_v sufficient_a security_n in_o the_o king_n name_n from_o all_o the_o officer_n
belong_v to_o the_o change_n and_o such_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n as_o aught_o to_o give_v security_n and_o to_o require_v weekly_a or_o other_o account_n from_o the_o several_a office_n and_o particular_o to_o cause_v the_o general_a account_n of_o the_o say_a changer_n and_o of_o the_o account_v officer_n of_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v pass_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o such_o due_a form_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o to_o allow_v such_o salary_n and_o incident_a charge_n as_o shall_v be_v reasonable_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o service_n and_o also_o to_o allow_v the_o reasonable_a waist_n in_o the_o coinage_n twenty_o that_o all_o person_n concern_v may_v have_v free_a access_n to_o the_o several_a leger_n and_o register_n beforementioned_a and_o no_o fee_n or_o charge_n shall_v be_v ask_v or_o take_v of_o they_o for_o any_o matter_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o officer_n in_o execution_n of_o this_o project_n twentyfirst_n that_o at_o the_o first_o session_n of_o parliament_n after_o michaelmas_n 1696._o the_o say_v commissioner_n of_o the_o treasury_n or_o lord_n treasurer_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o the_o say_a under-treasurer_n or_o supervisor_n general_n for_o this_o affair_n shall_v deliver_v fair_o write_v to_o each_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n a_o true_a and_o exact_a account_n of_o all_o the_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v bring_v in_o to_o be_v recoined_a by_o the_o tale_n and_o weight_n thereof_o appear_v in_o the_o respective_a office_n of_o the_o changer_n and_o of_o all_o the_o new_a money_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v coin_v in_o the_o say_v several_a mint_n distinguish_v those_o proceed_n from_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a money_n from_o the_o coin_n make_v of_o any_o other_o bullion_n and_o show_v particular_o the_o plate_n of_o the_o retailer_n of_o wine_n beer_n and_o other_o liquor_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o money_n make_v thereof_o also_o the_o total_o of_o the_o say_a register_n for_o the_o value_v of_o the_o clip_v money_n and_o the_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o and_o how_o much_o if_o any_o part_n shall_v then_o remain_v unsatisfied_a and_o the_o like_a account_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o his_o majesty_n the_o five_o general_n head_n consider_v what_o must_v supply_v the_o commerce_n pay_v tax_n etc._n etc._n whilst_o the_o clip_v money_n be_v under_o its_o new_a fabrication_n this_o question_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v by_o remind_v your_o lordship_n of_o several_a particular_n which_o have_v already_o occure_v in_o this_o report_n with_o a_o small_a addition_n as_o follow_v first_o the_o weighty_a money_n both_o milled_a and_o hammer_v now_o hoard_v will_v come_v forth_o at_o a_o raise_a value_n which_o according_a to_o the_o above_o estimation_n may_v make_v one_o million_o and_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n more_o or_o less_o beside_o the_o guineas_n and_o halfpenny_n guineas_n which_o be_v but_o too_o numerous_a at_o their_o present_a rate_n second_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o clip_v money_n will_v be_v so_o profitable_a and_o certain_a and_o have_v such_o a_o quick_a course_n of_o payment_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o they_o will_v serve_v as_o so_o much_o run_v cash_n and_o in_o the_o come_n forth_o the_o number_n of_o they_o will_v increase_v from_o day_n to_o day_n that_o from_o first_o to_o last_o they_o will_v by_o estimation_n amount_v to_o above_o three_o million_o three_o as_o those_o bill_n be_v pay_v off_o the_o new_a money_n coin_v with_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o clip_v will_v come_v in_o their_o stead_n the_o fabrication_n whereof_o will_v begin_v present_o and_o the_o work_n will_v be_v carry_v on_o with_o as_o much_o expedition_n as_o can_v be_v make_v by_o ten_o mint_n four_o importer_n of_o bullion_n and_o all_o other_o that_o have_v or_o can_v have_v any_o foreign_a or_o english_a silver_n even_o the_o silver_n of_o counterfeit_n money_n in_o their_o hand_n will_v have_v a_o visible_a encouragement_n to_o carry_v the_o same_o forthwith_o to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v five_o it_o may_v be_v enact_v that_o all_o person_n that_o sell_v wine_n strong-water_n bear_v ale_n or_o other_o liquor_n by_o retail_n shall_v by_o a_o prefix_v day_n bring_v their_o tankard_n cup_n dish_n and_o other_o plate_n to_o some_o or_o one_o of_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v into_o new_a money_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n halfpenny_n a_o ounce_n under_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o new_a money_n proceed_v from_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o they_o according_a to_o the_o present_a course_n of_o the_o mint_n i_o have_v my_o lord_n in_o this_o difficult_a matter_n consider_v and_o digest_v as_o many_o thing_n as_o be_v possible_a for_o i_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n and_o i_o can_v forbear_v before_o i_o end_v to_o allege_v that_o if_o the_o coin_n be_v to_o be_v amend_v and_o establish_v according_a to_o these_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v rectify_v and_o improve_v by_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o skill_n i_o can_v foresee_v that_o even_o whilst_o the_o work_n be_v carry_v on_o there_o will_v accrue_v such_o public_a disorder_n damage_n or_o distress_n as_o the_o nation_n labour_n under_o before_o the_o work_n be_v put_v in_o hand_n all_o which_o be_v most_o humble_o submit_v to_o your_o lordship_n great_a wisdom_n and_o judgement_n william_n lowndes_n 12_o septemb_n 1695_o in_o quodam_fw-la libro_fw-la vocato_fw-la nigro_n scripto_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la secundi_fw-la per_fw-la gervasium_n tilburiensem_fw-la de_fw-la necessariis_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la remanente_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la receptae_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la inter_fw-la alia_fw-la sic_fw-la continetur_fw-la cap._n 21._o officium_fw-la militis_fw-la argentarii_fw-la &_o fusoris_fw-la porro_fw-la miles_n argentarius_n ab_fw-la inferiore_fw-la scaccario_fw-la ad_fw-la superius_fw-la differt_fw-la loculum_fw-la examinandi_fw-la argenti_n cujus_fw-la supra_fw-la meminimus_fw-la quem_fw-la cum_fw-la intulerit_fw-la signatum_fw-la sigillo_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la sub_fw-la omnium_fw-la oculis_fw-la effundit_fw-la in_o scaccario_fw-la xxiiii_o solidos_fw-la quos_fw-la de_fw-la acervo_fw-la sumptos_fw-la prius_fw-la signaverit_fw-la factaque_fw-la commixtione_fw-la eosdem_fw-la ut_fw-la ponderi_fw-la respondeant_fw-la mittit_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la vasculum_fw-la trutinae_fw-la libram_fw-la ponderis_fw-la in_fw-la alterum_fw-la vero_fw-la de_fw-la denariis_fw-la quod_fw-la oportuit_fw-la quo_fw-la facto_fw-la numerat_fw-la eosdem_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la numero_fw-la constare_fw-la possit_fw-la si_fw-la legitimi_fw-la ponderis_fw-la sint_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la vero_fw-la ponderis_fw-la inventi_fw-la fuerint_fw-la seorsum_fw-la mittit_fw-la in_o ciffum_n libram_fw-la unam_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la xx_o solidos_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la examen_fw-la fiat_fw-la reliquos_fw-la vero_fw-la xxiiii_o solidos_fw-la mittit_fw-la in_o loculum_fw-la item_n duo_fw-la denarii_fw-la praeter_fw-la libram_fw-la examinandam_fw-la dantur_fw-la fusori_fw-la non_fw-la de_fw-la fisco_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la parte_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la quia_fw-la in_o praemium_fw-la svi_fw-la laboris_fw-la tunc_fw-la eliguntur_fw-la a_o praesidente_fw-la vel_fw-la a_o thesaurario_fw-la si_fw-la ille_fw-la absens_fw-la fuerit_fw-la alii_fw-la duo_fw-la vic._n ut_fw-la simul_fw-la cum_fw-la argentario_n necnon_fw-la &_o vicecomite_n cujus_fw-la examen_fw-la faciendum_fw-la est_fw-la procedant_fw-la ad_fw-la ignem_fw-la ubi_fw-la fusor_fw-la ante_fw-la praemonitus_fw-la praeparatis_fw-la necessariis_fw-la eorum_fw-la praestolatur_fw-la adventum_fw-la ibi_fw-la iterum_fw-la praesente_fw-la fusore_fw-la &_o hiis_fw-la qui_fw-la a_o baronibus_fw-la missi_fw-la sunt_fw-la diligenter_fw-la computantur_fw-la &_o fusori_fw-la traduntur_fw-la quos_fw-la ille_fw-la suspiciens_fw-la manu_fw-la propria_fw-la numerat_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la disponit_fw-la eos_fw-la in_o vasculum_fw-la ignitorum_fw-la cinerum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o furnace_n est_fw-la tunc_fw-la igitur_fw-la artis_fw-la fusoriae_fw-la lege_fw-la servata_fw-la redigit_fw-la eos_fw-la in_o massam_n constans_fw-la &_o emundans_fw-la argentum_fw-la caeterum_fw-la cavendum_fw-la est_fw-la ei_fw-la ne_fw-la citra_fw-la perfectionem_fw-la subsistat_fw-la vel_fw-la importunis_fw-la aestuationibus_fw-la vexet_fw-la illud_fw-la atque_fw-la consumat_fw-la illud_fw-la propter_fw-la regis_fw-la hoc_fw-la propter_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la jacturam_fw-la set_v modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la provideat_fw-la &_o quanta_fw-la procuret_fw-la industria_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la vexetur_fw-la set_v ad_fw-la purum_fw-la tantum_fw-la excoquatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la autem_fw-la ipsum_fw-la providere_fw-la dicunt_fw-la hii_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la idem_fw-la missi_fw-la sunt_fw-la a_o majoribus_fw-la facto_fw-la igitur_fw-la examine_v defert_fw-la illud_fw-la argentarius_n ad_fw-la barones_n comitantibus_fw-la illis_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la in_o omnium_fw-la oculis_fw-la ponderat_fw-la illud_fw-la cum_fw-la libra_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ponderis_fw-la supplet_fw-la autem_fw-la mox_fw-la quod_fw-la ignis_fw-la consumpsit_fw-la appositis_fw-la denariis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la loculi_fw-la donec_fw-la aequilibriter_fw-la se_fw-la habeat_fw-la examen_fw-la cum_fw-la pondere_fw-la tunc_fw-la inscribitur_fw-la idem_fw-la examen_fw-la desuper_fw-la ducta_fw-la creta_n hiis_fw-la verbis_fw-la everwicscir_n libra_fw-la arsit_fw-la tot_fw-la vel_fw-la tot_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la illud_fw-la essaium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la non_fw-la
precedent_n in_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o standard_n which_o be_v the_o next_o subject_n to_o be_v discuss_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o your_o lordship_n by_o these_o and_o other_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v give_v if_o they_o be_v not_o too_o tedious_a will_v be_v full_o convince_v that_o the_o present_a standard_n of_o fineness_n be_v to_o be_v continue_v the_o four_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o standard_n be_v to_o set_v forth_o how_o the_o value_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o the_o english_a coin_n have_v be_v raise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n which_o consider_v the_o weight_n and_o number_n of_o the_o piece_n in_o the_o pound_n troy_n and_o because_o in_o case_n of_o new_a make_v silver_n money_n the_o adjust_v and_o establish_v the_o extrinsic_a value_n or_o denomination_n thereof_o at_o which_o the_o same_o must_v have_v course_n be_v of_o the_o great_a moment_n and_o consideration_n in_o this_o affair_n both_o to_o the_o king_n and_o all_o his_o people_n i_o can_v not_o spare_v myself_o the_o trouble_n of_o make_v the_o follow_a deduction_n from_o the_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n which_o be_v due_o meditate_a upon_o will_v give_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o light_n and_o precedent_n for_o the_o rate_n to_o which_o the_o value_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v and_o establish_v at_o this_o time_n 1._o a_o indent_v tryal-piece_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o old_a sterling_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o such_o silver_n be_v to_o be_v shear_v at_o twenty_o shilling_n three_o penny_n according_a to_o which_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n be_v one_o shilling_n eight_o pence_n farthing_n a_o ounce_n memorandum_n i_o find_v no_o far_o indenture_n concern_v this_o matter_n from_o edward_n the_o first_o till_o edward_n the_o three_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n abovemention_v 3._o namely_o twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n fine_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n allay_v be_v to_o be_v coin_v into_o fifty_o florence_n to_o be_v currant_n at_o six_o shilling_n apiece_o all_o which_o make_v in_o tale_n fifteen_o pound_n or_o into_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o half-florences_n or_o quarter-florences_n this_o be_v by_o indenture_n between_o the_o king_n and_o walter_n de_fw-fr dunflower_n master_n and_o worker_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n abovemention_v a_o be_v to_o contain_v thirty_o nine_o noble_n and_o a_o half_n at_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n apiece_o amount_v in_o the_o whole_a to_o thirteen_o pound_n three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n in_o tale_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o half-nobles_a and_o quarter-nobles_a which_o be_v by_o a_o indenture_n between_o the_o king_n and_o percivall_n de_fw-fr perche_n memorandum_n by_o this_o indenture_n the_o trial_n of_o the_o pix_n be_v establish_v 3._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n forty_o two_o noble_n at_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n apiece_o amount_v to_o fourteen_o pound_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o half-nobles_a and_o quarter-nobles_a and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_a silver_n be_v to_o make_v twenty_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o percival_n de_fw-fr perche_n be_v master_n 23._o the_o like_a when_o john_n donative_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o florence_n and_o philip_n john_n denier_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n memorandum_n by_o this_o indenture_n be_v also_o coin_v halfpence_n and_o farthing_n of_o silver_n 27._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n forty_o five_o noble_n amount_v to_o fifteen_o pound_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o half_n or_o quarter_n noble_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_n to_o make_v by_o tale_n seventy_o five_o gross_v i_o e._n groat_n amount_v to_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n or_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o half-grosses_a go_v for_o two_o penny_n apiece_o or_o three_o hundred_o starling_n go_v for_o penny_n apiece_o and_o henry_n brissell_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n the_o like_a 3._o only_o add_v half-sterling_n of_o which_o six_o hundred_o in_o a_o pound_n troy_n the_o like_a 37._o the_o like_a 46._o and_o bardet_n de_fw-fr malepily_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n the_o like_a 2._o and_o nicholas_n malakin_n a_o florentine_a be_v master_n and_o worker_n the_o like_a 4._o and_o here_o halfpence_n be_v call_v mailes_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n fifty_o noble_n 5._o or_o one_o hundred_o half_a noble_n or_o two_o hundred_o quarter_n noble_n amount_v to_o sixteen_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n in_o tale._n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n ninety_o gross_v or_o groat_n or_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o half-groz_a or_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o starling_n or_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o mailes_n or_o one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o farthing_n amount_v to_o thirty_o shilling_n and_o bartholomew_n goldbeater_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n 6._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n be_v coin_v into_o forty_o five_o rial_n go_v for_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o half-riall_n go_v for_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o riall-farthing_n go_v for_o two_o shilling_n and_o sixpence_n apiece_o or_o into_o sixty_o seven_o angel_n and_o a_o half_n go_v for_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n apiece_o or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o angelet_n go_v for_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n apiece_o and_o consequent_o the_o pound_n troy_n of_o gold_n be_v coin_v into_o twenty_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a sterling_n be_v coin_v into_o one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o groat_n and_o a_o half_a make_v in_o tale_n thirty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o half-groz_a starling_n or_o penny_n halfpence_n or_o farthing_n and_o here_o sir_n giles_n dawbeny_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o nine_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o 6._o lower_v the_o gold_n to_o sixteen_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o the_o silver_n money_n to_o thirty_o shilling_n and_o robert_n mansfeild_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n note_v here_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n as_o well_o as_o the_o gold_n in_o the_o coin_n be_v bring_v down_o again_o the_o same_o 24._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n 49._o of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n sixty_o seven_o angel_n and_o a_o half_n at_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n apiece_o amount_v to_o twenty_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n of_o the_o say_v old_a sterling_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o groat_n and_o a_o half_n amount_v to_o thirty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n or_o proportionable_o in_o the_o lesser_a coin_n and_o sir_n richard_n constable_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n 4._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o say_v old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v by_o tale_n twenty_o pound_n sixteen_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n old_a sterling_n be_v to_o make_v thirty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n as_o in_o the_o last_o article_n and_o william_n lord_n hastings_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n 5._o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o old_a standard_n be_v to_o make_v forty_o five_o noble_n go_v for_o ten_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o ninety_o half_a noble_n or_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o quarter_n noble_n or_o sixty_o seven_o and_o a_o half_n of_o the_o piece_n impress_v with_o angel_n go_v for_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n each_o and_o consequent_o be_v coin_v into_o twenty_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n and_o the_o silver_n money_n be_v shear_v at_o thirty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n this_o indenture_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lord_n hastings_n his_o chamberlain_n and_o master_n and_o worker_n and_o warden_n of_o all_o his_o exchange_n and_o outchange_n in_o england_n and_o calis_n the_o like_a 4._o the_o like_a 11._o the_o like_a 16._o the_o like_a 22._o but_o bartholomew_n read_v be_v master_n and_o worker_n the_o like_a 3._o and_o robert_n brackenbury_n be_v master_n and_o worker_n the_o like_a 7._o and_o robert_n fenrother_n and_o william_n read_v be_v master_n and_o worker_n a_o pound_n weight_n
the_o same_o weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o as_o to_o the_o gold_n i_o need_v only_o to_o observe_v from_o the_o forego_n deduction_n that_o in_o the_o eighteen_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o a_o pound_n weight_n fine_a twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o one_o half_a be_v coin_v into_o fifteen_o pound_n by_o tale_n whereas_o at_o this_o day_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o fineness_n only_o of_o twenty_o two_o carat_n be_v coin_v into_o forty_o four_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n and_o this_o method_n of_o raise_v the_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o coin_n as_o it_o have_v be_v constant_a almost_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o every_o king_n so_o no_o inconvenience_n disgrace_n or_o mischief_n as_o can_v be_v observe_v have_v ever_o accrue_v by_o the_o do_v thereof_o at_o any_o time_n when_o a_o just_a necessary_a or_o reasonable_a cause_n give_v occasion_n thereunto_o the_o which_o be_v premise_v and_o every_o project_n for_o debase_v the_o money_n by_o the_o reason_n before_o give_v be_v reject_v as_o dangerous_a dishonourable_a and_o needless_a it_o remain_v that_o our_o nation_n in_o its_o present_a exigence_n may_v avail_v itself_o by_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o its_o coin_n and_o this_o may_v be_v effect_v either_o by_o make_v the_o respective_a piece_n call_v crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v lesser_a in_o weight_n or_o by_o continue_v the_o same_o weight_n or_o bigness_n which_o be_v at_o present_a in_o the_o unclipt_a money_n and_o ordain_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o every_o such_o piece_n shall_v be_v currant_n at_o a_o high_a price_n in_o tale._n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v my_o opinion_n upon_o this_o subject_a it_o seem_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o assert_v and_o prove_v a_o hypothesis_n which_o be_v this_o namely_o that_o make_v the_o piece_n less_o or_o ordain_v the_o respective_a piece_n of_o the_o present_a weight_n to_o be_v currant_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n may_v equal_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n the_o former_a of_o these_o find_v many_o precedent_n in_o the_o indenture_n above_o recite_v but_o the_o latter_a seem_v more_o suitable_a to_o our_o present_a circumstance_n as_o will_v afterward_o be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a this_o hypothesis_n or_o theorem_fw-la be_v easy_o demonstrate_v thus_o let_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o a_o crown_n piece_n by_o the_o present_a standard_n contain_v in_o sterling_a silver_n as_o it_o real_o do_v nineteen_o penny_n weight_n and_o 354838_o 1000000_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n weight_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n nineteen_o penny_n weight_n eight_o grain_n and_o a_o half_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fractional_a part_n more_o go_v at_o this_o time_n for_o five_o shilling_n or_o sixty_o penny_n and_o let_v it_o be_v suppose_v which_o be_v practicable_a and_o the_o thing_n aim_v at_o that_o this_o very_a crown_n piece_n be_v ordain_v to_o pass_v for_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n or_o which_o be_v equal_a seventy_o five_o penny_n then_o i_o say_v by_o inverse_n proportion_n as_o seventy_o five_o penny_n be_v to_o sixty_o penny_n so_o sixty_o will_v be_v to_o forty_o eight_o penny_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o four_o shilling_n from_o whence_o i_o infer_v that_o if_o the_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o the_o silver_n now_o in_o a_o crown_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v to_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n by_o diminish_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o piece_n according_a to_o former_a precedent_n than_o such_o diminutive_a crown_n must_v weight_n only_o four_o fifth_n of_o the_o say_v 19.354838_o 1000000_o peny_n weight_n that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o must_v weigh_v fifteen_o penny_n weight_n and_o 4833704_o 10000000_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n weight_n and_o in_o this_o case_n five_o three_o pence_n to_o be_v coin_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n to_o complete_a the_o raise_a value_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n must_v weigh_v one_o four_o part_n of_o the_o diminutive_a crown_n as_o in_o the_o margin_n m._n again_o by_o direct_a proportion_n if_o 15.4838704_o penny_n weight_n of_o sterling_a silver_n be_v to_o go_v or_o be_v currant_n for_o five_o shilling_n of_o sixty_o penny_n than_o 19.354838_o penny_n weight_n of_o sterling_a silver_n which_o be_v the_o quantity_n in_o a_o unclipt_a crown_n by_o the_o present_a standard_n and_o equal_a to_o the_o sum_n or_o aggregate_v of_o the_o other_o two_o quantity_n ought_v to_o go_v and_o be_v currant_n for_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n or_o seventy_o five_o penny_n and_o consequent_o will_v raise_v the_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o the_o silver_n as_o much_o as_o diminish_v the_o piece_n will_v do_v which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o now_o have_v clear_v my_o way_n i_o humble_o take_v leave_v to_o offer_v my_o opinion_n that_o all_o such_o silver_n money_n as_o be_v after_o enumerate_v of_o the_o lawful_a coin_n of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n weight_n which_o be_v now_o in_o be_v and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o diminish_v by_o clip_v round_v file_v wash_v or_o any_o other_o artifice_n be_v raise_v by_o public_a authority_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n for_o the_o crown_n and_o proportionable_o for_o the_o other_o species_n namely_o the_o crown_n to_o go_v for_o seventy_o five_o penny_n the_o half-crown_n to_o go_v for_o thirty_o seven_o penny_n and_o a_o halfpenny_n the_o shilling_n for_o fifteen_o penny_n and_o the_o half-shilling_n for_o seven_o penny_n halfpenny_n leave_v all_o the_o other_o old_a unclipped_a piece_n as_o the_o thirteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n the_o nine_o penny_n the_o groat_n two_o penny_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v very_o few_o in_o number_n and_o much_o wear_v to_o go_v upon_o their_o present_a foot_n and_o to_o find_v their_o value_v in_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n as_o they_o do_v at_o this_o day_n and_o that_o the_o new_a coin_n to_o be_v make_v either_o of_o the_o clip_v money_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v in_o or_o of_o any_o other_o sterling_a silver_n be_v make_v in_o their_o respective_a weight_n or_o bigness_n by_o the_o present_a indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o sceptre_n or_o the_o silver-unite_a or_o by_o such_o other_o name_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v appoint_v and_o to_o be_v exact_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o present_a unclipped_a crown_n piece_n but_o to_o run_v for_o seventy_o five_o penny_n sterling_a of_o which_o piece_n so_o make_v there_o shall_v be_v twelve_o and_o two_o fifth_n of_o such_o piece_n in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o three_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n call_v sceptre_n or_o unite_v or_o by_o such_o other_o name_n as_o aforesaid_a together_o with_o a_o fifteen_o penny_n piece_n after_o mention_v shall_v make_v by_o tale_n one_o pound_v sterling_n or_o one_o pound_n of_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n in_o all_o account_n and_o lawful_a payment_n whatsoever_o another_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o half-sceptre_n or_o half-unite_a or_o by_o such_o other_o name_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v appoint_v which_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o a_o present_a unclipped_a half-crown_n but_o to_o run_v for_o thirty_o seven_o penny_n and_o a_o halfpenny_n sterling_n of_o which_o piece_n last_v mention_v there_o shall_v be_v twenty_o four_o and_o four_o fifths_o of_o such_o a_o piece_n in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o six_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n call_v half-sceptre_n or_o half-unites_a or_o by_o such_o other_o name_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v appoint_v together_o with_o one_o fifteen_o penny_n piece_n aftermentioned_a shall_v make_v by_o tale_n one_o pound_v sterling_n or_o one_o pound_n of_o lawful_a english_a money_n in_o all_o account_n and_o legal_a payment_n whatsoever_o one_o other_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o testoon_n or_o fifteen_o penny_n piece_n which_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o a_o present_a unclipped_a shilling_n but_o to_o run_v for_o fifteen_o penny_n sterling_a of_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v sixty_o two_o in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o sixteen_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n call_v testoon_n or_o fifteen_o penny_n piece_n shall_v make_v in_o tale_n one_o pound_v sterling_n or_o one_o pound_n of_o lawful_a english_a money_n or_o ten_o of_o these_o testoon_n together_o with_o two_o such_o gross_v or_o groat_n as_o be_v after_o mention_v will_v make_v a_o mark_n sterling_n or_o five_o of_o they_o and_o one_o such_o gross_a or_o groat_n will_v make_v a_o noble_a which_o the_o law_n use_v to_o call_v the_o half_a mark_n or_o eight_o of_o they_o will_v make_v the_o angel_n or_o four_o of_o they_o will_v make_v the_o crown_n or_o two_o of_o
they_o will_v make_v the_o half-crown_n and_o they_o may_v be_v proportionable_o vary_v many_o other_o way_n in_o all_o account_n reckon_n and_o legal_a payment_n whatsoever_o one_o other_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o half-testoon_a which_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o the_o half-shilling_n by_o the_o present_a standard_n but_o to_o run_v for_o seven_o penny_n halfpenny_n sterling_n of_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v one_o hundred_o twenty_o four_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o thirty_o two_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n to_o be_v call_v half-testoons_a shall_v make_v in_o tale_n one_o pound_v sterling_n or_o twenty_o of_o these_o with_o two_o of_o the_o gross_v or_o groat_n will_v make_v a_o mark_n in_o tale_n or_o ten_o of_o these_o half-testoons_a with_o one_o gross_a will_v make_v a_o noble_a or_o eight_o of_o the_o say_v half-testoons_a will_v make_v a_o crown_n by_o tale_n or_o five_o of_o they_o with_o a_o half-groat_n will_v make_v the_o half-noble_a or_o three_o shilling_n and_o fourpence_n by_o tale_n or_o four_o of_o the_o say_v half-testoons_a will_v make_v a_o half-crown_n or_o thirty_o two_o of_o they_o will_v make_v twenty_o shilling_n by_o tale_n or_o sixteen_o of_o they_o will_v make_v ten_o shilling_n by_o tale_n or_o eight_o of_o they_o will_v make_v five_o shilling_n by_o tale_n and_o they_o may_v many_o other_o way_n be_v proportionable_o vary_v in_o all_o account_n reckon_n and_o legal_a payment_n whatsoever_o one_o other_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o gross_a or_o five-peny_n piece_n to_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o a_o groat_n by_o the_o present_a standard_n but_o to_o run_v for_o five_o penny_n sterling_a of_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v one_o hundred_o eighty_o six_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o forty_o eight_o of_o the_o say_v gross_v or_o five-peny_n piece_n will_v make_v in_o tale_n one_o pound_n sterling_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o they_o in_o many_o case_n too_o tedious_a here_o to_o enumerate_v will_v answer_v to_o the_o say_a denomination_n of_o pound_n mark_n half-marks_a quarter-marks_a angel_n crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n and_o penny_n use_v in_o account_n or_o in_o act_n of_o parliament_n record_n or_o other_o legal_a instrument_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o be_v continue_v one_o other_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o quarter-testoon_a which_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o a_o three_o penny_n piece_n by_o the_o present_a standard_n but_o to_o run_v for_o three_o penny_n three_o farthing_n sterling_a of_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v two_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o sixty_o four_o of_o these_o quarter-testoons_a will_v make_v in_o tale_n one_o pound_n sterling_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o they_o will_v answer_v in_o a_o great_a number_n of_o case_n to_o the_o say_a denomination_n use_v in_o account_n or_o in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n one_o other_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o half-groat_n or_o half-gross_a which_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o a_o two_o penny_n piece_n by_o the_o present_a standard_n but_o to_o run_v for_o two_o penny_n halfpenny_n sterling_n of_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v three_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o ninety_o six_o of_o the_o say_a half-groat_n will_v make_v in_o tale_n one_o pound_n sterling_n or_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o they_o will_v answer_v in_o most_o case_n to_o the_o say_a denomination_n use_v in_o account_n or_o in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o one_o other_o piece_n which_o may_v be_v call_v the_o prime_n which_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n to_o a_o present_a standard_n penny_n but_o to_o run_v for_o five_o farthing_n or_o for_o one_o penny_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_n of_o which_o there_o shall_v be_v seven_o hundred_o forty_o and_o four_o in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o two_o of_o the_o say_a prime_n will_v make_v in_o tale_n one_o pound_n sterling_n on_o a_o proportionable_a number_n of_o they_o the_o combination_n whereof_o be_v almost_o infinite_a will_v answer_v almost_o in_o all_o case_n to_o the_o say_a denomination_n use_v in_o account_n or_o in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o because_o it_o may_v be_v convenient_a to_o have_v the_o denomination_n of_o shilling_n continue_v let_v there_o be_v add_v one_o piece_n to_o be_v call_v the_o shilling_n or_o twelve_o penny_n piece_n to_o be_v equal_a in_o fineness_n though_o not_o in_o weight_n to_o any_o standard_n money_n now_o in_o be_v to_o run_v for_o twelve_o penny_n sterling_a which_o will_v be_v a_o five_o part_v less_o in_o weight_n then_o the_o present_a shilling_n of_o these_o there_o shall_v be_v seventy_o seven_o and_o a_o half_n in_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o twenty_o of_o they_o will_v make_v a_o pound_n by_o tale_n whereby_o every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n aforesaid_a will_v be_v and_o hold_v in_o number_n and_o tale_n and_o in_o the_o value_n will_v be_v raise_v from_o three_o pound_n two_o shilling_n to_o three_o pound_n seventeen_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a by_o the_o pound_n troy_n and_o my_o reason_n for_o this_o opinion_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n ought_v to_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n in_o every_o crown_n because_o the_o price_n of_o standard_n silver_n in_o bullion_n be_v rise_v from_o divers_a necessary_a and_o unnecessary_a cause_n produce_v at_o great_a length_n a_o great_a scarcity_n thereof_o in_o england_n to_o six_o shilling_n five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n this_o reason_n which_o i_o humble_o conceive_v will_v appear_v irrefragable_a be_v ground_v chief_o upon_o a_o truth_n so_o apparent_a that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o axiom_n even_o in_o mathematical_a reason_v to_o wit_n that_o whensoever_o the_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n in_o bullion_n the_o coin_n have_v be_v and_o will_v be_v melt_v down_o although_o the_o melt_a down_o of_o coin_n for_o private_a lucre_n be_v do_v in_o secret_a because_o it_o be_v punishable_a by_o offence_n law_n yet_o no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v practise_v for_o a_o long_a time_n past_a to_o such_o a_o degree_n upon_o the_o weighty_a money_n as_o that_o in_o particular_a the_o crown_n and_o half-crown_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n be_v quite_o vanish_v those_o of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v become_v very_o rare_a those_o of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o though_o the_o most_o numerous_a of_o all_o that_o remain_v be_v in_o great_a measure_n reduce_v and_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o the_o more_o plain_o when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o counterfeit_n which_o be_v most_o contrive_v to_o resemble_v these_o the_o crown_n half-crown_n and_o indeed_o the_o lesser_a coin_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o the_o far_o great_a part_n whereof_o be_v mill_v money_n in_o all_o payment_n at_o the_o exchequer_n and_o other_o public_a office_n do_v not_o by_o estimation_n exceed_v the_o proportion_n of_o ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la cent._n or_o a_o two_o hundred_o part._n and_o if_o this_o wicked_a fact_n of_o melt_v down_o have_v be_v notorious_o commit_v at_o time_n when_o there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n and_o that_o in_o the_o bullion_n or_o when_o the_o goldsmith_n and_o other_o artificer_n can_v make_v no_o other_o profit_n thereby_o than_o the_o final_a over-weight_n which_o by_o weigh_v and_o cull_v the_o piece_n coin_v at_o the_o tower_n they_o find_v to_o be_v in_o some_o of_o they_o which_o be_v molten_n may_v be_v carry_v back_o to_o the_o mint_n and_o there_o re-coined_a at_o the_o king_n charge_n into_o a_o great_a number_n by_o tale_n for_o their_o own_o use_n then_o one_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o the_o temptation_n of_o melt_v down_o be_v grow_v of_o late_a much_o more_o prevalent_a since_o at_o this_o day_n standard_n silver_n in_o bullion_n be_v common_o sell_v at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n or_o for_o seventy_o seven_o penny_n a_o ounce_n and_o in_o regard_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n equal_a to_o a_o ounce_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o seventy_o seven_o penny_n as_o nineteen_o penny_n weight_n and_o 〈…〉_z 8â—8_n 100_o 000_o of_o one_o penny_n weight_n equal_a to_o the_o standard_n silver_n contain_v in_o a_o crown_n piece_n do_v to_o six_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n halfpenny_n it_o
be_v most_o plain_a that_o he_o now_o melt_v down_n for_o instance_n a_o crown_n piece_n which_o whilst_o it_o retain_v the_o image_n and_o superscription_n of_o his_o majesty_n or_o either_o of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v run_v only_o for_o five_o shilling_n can_v immediate_o sell_v the_o silver_n of_o it_o here_o for_o six_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n halfpenny_n and_o gain_v the_o sum_n of_o fourteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n upon_o every_o such_o melt_v piece_n by_o such_o sale_n of_o the_o silver_n here_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a loss_n which_o this_o nation_n at_o present_a suffer_v in_o its_o foreign_a exchange_n or_o remittance_n he_o may_v make_v a_o great_a profit_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n by_o export_v it_o into_o foreign_a part_n if_o he_o can_v effect_v the_o same_o either_o by_o stealth_n or_o by_o elude_v the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n prohibit_v such_o exportation_n one_o may_v also_o foresee_v that_o continue_v the_o silver_n money_n either_o old_a or_o new_a coin_n upon_o the_o present_a foot_n whilst_o bullion_n be_v so_o much_o dear_a will_v inevitable_o produce_v consequence_n pernicious_a to_o the_o whole_a in_o effect_n it_o will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o furnish_n offender_n with_o a_o species_n to_o melt_v down_o at_o a_o extravagant_a profit_n and_o encourage_v not_o a_o necessary_a but_o a_o violent_a and_o exorbitant_a exportation_n of_o our_o silver_n to_o the_o foreign_a part_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o gain_n only_o till_o we_o shall_v have_v little_a or_o none_o leave_v in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o a_o impartial_a consideration_n of_o these_o matter_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o more_o mature_a judgement_n upon_o the_o suggestion_n that_o have_v be_v raise_v by_o some_o man_n namely_o that_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o our_o coin_n or_o continue_v it_o on_o the_o present_a foot_n will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n if_o these_o gentleman_n mean_v that_o silver_n in_o bullion_n will_v always_o during_o this_o war_n be_v dear_a than_o silver_n in_o coin_n because_o of_o the_o necessity_n to_o export_v it_o for_o the_o foreign_a expense_n of_o the_o war_n and_o to_o answer_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n occasion_v by_o the_o interruption_n of_o our_o navigation_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o necessity_n may_v be_v diminish_v but_o it_o can_v in_o any_o sense_n be_v augment_v by_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o our_o coin_n second_o that_o suppose_v the_o worst_a to_o wit_n a_o further_o advance_v of_o the_o silver_n in_o bullion_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o offender_n before_o mention_v will_v not_o find_v so_o much_o encouragement_n or_o temptation_n when_o their_o profit_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v upon_o every_o raise_a crown_n must_v evident_o be_v less_o by_o fourteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a upon_o a_o crown_n run_v in_o payment_n for_o five_o shilling_n only_o three_o it_o be_v hope_v that_o the_o exchange_n to_o holland_n which_o by_o the_o way_n have_v rise_v a_o little_a of_o late_a may_v by_o the_o success_n of_o some_o good_a design_n now_o on_o foot_n though_o the_o war_n shall_v continue_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o stand_n at_o least_o from_o fall_v much_o low_a in_o which_o case_n i_o think_v the_o argument_n of_o these_o gentleman_n will_v have_v little_a or_o no_o weight_n four_o there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n with_o regard_n to_o the_o service_n and_o disservice_n of_o the_o public_a between_o a_o necessary_a exportation_n of_o bullion_n or_o coin_n perhaps_o the_o one_o may_v be_v as_o well_o disspense_v with_o as_o the_o other_o by_o public_a authority_n and_o to_o a_o limit_a sum_n only_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o war_n and_o such_o a_o exportation_n thereof_o as_o proceed_v original_o from_o the_o say_v exorbitant_a profit_n of_o the_o melter_n who_o be_v goldsmith_n refiner_n or_o other_o trader_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n and_o by_o the_o clipping_n get_v great_a quantity_n of_o molten_n silver_n into_o their_o hand_n know_v well_o enough_o though_o by_o unlawful_a or_o indirect_a mean_n to_o convey_v the_o same_o beyond_o sea_n either_o to_o buy_v gold_n there_o which_o be_v afterward_o bring_v hither_o and_o coin_v into_o guineas_n pass_v at_o thirty_o shilling_n apiece_o or_o to_o buy_v prohibit_v good_n as_o lace_v lustring_n muslin_n divers_a east-india_n good_n or_o other_o enumerated_a commodity_n or_o for_o other_o purpose_n which_o though_o unlawful_a or_o needless_a do_v all_o help_n or_o combine_v at_o this_o time_n to_o augment_v and_o enhance_v that_o balance_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o our_o neighbour_n very_o much_o to_o our_o detriment_n as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o five_o these_o gentleman_n consider_v only_o the_o use_n of_o our_o coin_n in_o england_n as_o it_o have_v relation_n to_o foreign_a exchange_n or_o remittance_n whereas_o it_o serve_v principal_o the_o inland_a commerce_n and_o supply_v many_o other_o occasion_n which_o will_v be_v advantage_v by_o the_o rise_n and_o plenty_n thereof_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v apprehend_v that_o the_o propose_v advance_v of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n will_v produce_v a_o proportionable_a loss_n in_o all_o rent_n and_o revenue_n public_a or_o private_a settle_a or_o ascertain_v by_o antecedent_n reservation_n grant_n or_o agreement_n and_o in_o all_o debt_n now_o stand_v out_o upon_o specialty_n or_o without_o specialty_n i_o humble_o conceive_v these_o apprehension_n must_v entire_o vanish_v when_o it_o shall_v be_v impartial_o consider_v that_o this_o nation_n be_v and_o have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n past_a engage_v in_o a_o necessary_a war_n which_o have_v not_o only_o cause_v a_o great_a expense_n of_o our_o wealth_n in_o foreign_a part_n of_o europe_n but_o have_v interrupt_v the_o navigation_n which_o use_v to_o supply_v we_o from_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n and_o from_o other_o part_n of_o asia_n africa_n and_o america_n with_o much_o great_a quantity_n of_o good_n than_o serve_v our_o own_o consumption_n and_o consequent_o afford_v we_o a_o large_a overplus_n which_o together_o with_o our_o own_o native_a product_n or_o manufacture_n be_v export_v to_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n in_o barter_n or_o exchange_n for_o the_o good_n we_o receive_v of_o they_o that_o reckon_n on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o value_n of_o the_o naval_a store_n linens_n silk_n salt-petre_n and_o many_o other_o enumerate_v commodity_n which_o we_o receive_v from_o our_o neighbour_n and_o add_v thereunto_o our_o foreign_a expense_n for_o the_o war_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o value_n of_o so_o much_o of_o our_o native_a manufacture_n or_o produce_v and_o the_o small_a overplus_n of_o good_n bring_v from_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v late_o export_v or_o can_v export_v into_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n of_o europe_n there_o will_v appear_v a_o great_a difference_n or_o excess_n between_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o of_o such_o account_n or_o reckon_a which_o difference_n or_o excess_n be_v or_o may_v be_v call_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o this_o balance_n difference_n or_o excess_n have_v be_v or_o can_v be_v answer_v by_o we_o in_o any_o thing_n other_o than_o our_o coin_n or_o bullion_n that_o to_o answer_v this_o balance_n of_o trade_n there_o have_v be_v already_o export_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o coin_n and_o bullion_n namely_o clippings_fw-mi which_o i_o think_v must_v have_v be_v equal_a in_o value_n to_o at_o least_o a_o four_o part_n of_o our_o whole_a species_n of_o silver_n money_n the_o molten_n silver_n of_o a_o good_a part_n of_o our_o heavy_a coin_n part_n of_o our_o heavy_a coin_n themselves_o our_o whole_a stock_n of_o foreign_a silver_n for_o i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v little_a or_o none_o of_o that_o to_o be_v buy_v in_o england_n at_o this_o time_n and_o the_o molten_n silver_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o our_o english_a plate_n and_o vessel_n which_o people_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o part_v with_o at_o a_o good_a price_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v silver_n in_o coin_n or_o in_o mass_n be_v actual_o grow_v very_o scarce_o in_o england_n that_o every_o thing_n have_v any_o value_n or_o worth_n whatsoever_o when_o it_o become_v scarce_o grow_v dear_a or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n it_o rise_v in_o price_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v serve_v to_o pay_v more_o debt_n or_o it_o will_v buy_v great_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n of_o value_n or_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o it_o will_v go_v further_o than_o it_o do_v before_o that_o silver_n in_o england_n be_v grow_v scarce_o as_o aforesaid_a be_v consequent_o grow_v dear_a that_o it_o be_v rise_v in_o price_n from_o five_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n to_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n and_o by_o daily_a
experience_n nineteen_o peny_n weight_n and_o three_o ten_o of_o a_o penny_n weight_n in_o sterling_a silver_n equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n in_o england_n do_v and_o will_v purchase_v more_o coin_v money_n than_o five_o shilling_n by_o tale_n though_o the_o latter_a be_v deliver_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la in_o unclipt_a shilling_n or_o in_o a_o good_a bill_n and_o consequent_o do_v and_o will_v purchase_v and_o acquire_v more_o good_n or_o necessary_n or_o pay_v more_o debt_n in_o england_n or_o be_v deliver_v here_o it_o fetch_v more_o money_n in_o any_o foreign_a part_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n than_o five_o shilling_n by_o tale_n or_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o guinea_n by_o tale_n or_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o shilling_n in_o tale_n only_o do_v or_o can_v fetch_v purchase_v or_o acquire_v that_o this_o advance_a price_n of_o the_o silver_n have_v be_v grow_v for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v original_o cause_v by_o the_o balance_n excess_n or_o difference_n abovemention_v which_o natural_o and_o rational_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n and_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o expect_v that_o silver_n will_v decline_v in_o its_o price_n or_o value_v here_o till_o it_o be_v make_v more_o plentiful_a by_o turn_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n to_o our_o advantage_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o work_n that_o can_v be_v accomplish_v with_o success_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o by_o such_o a_o protection_n of_o our_o trade_n as_o will_v render_v our_o exportation_n as_o large_a as_o they_o use_v to_o be_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o the_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n to_o make_v it_o equal_a to_o silver_n in_o mass_n can_v in_o no_o sense_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o make_v silver_n scarce_o that_o there_o can_v never_o be_v propose_v any_o just_a or_o reasonable_a foot_n upon_o which_o the_o coin_n shall_v be_v currant_n save_v only_o the_o very_a price_n of_o the_o silver_n thereof_o in_o case_n it_o be_v molten_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o coin_n be_v make_v currant_n or_o a_o extrinsic_a denomination_n very_o near_o that_o price_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n shall_v by_o any_o extrinsic_a denomination_n be_v raise_v above_o the_o value_n or_o market_n price_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n reduce_v to_o bullion_n the_o subject_n will_v be_v proportionable_o injure_v and_o defraud_v as_o they_o be_v former_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o base_a money_n coin_v by_o public_a authority_n but_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n be_v less_o than_o the_o value_n or_o market_n price_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n reduce_v to_o bullion_n than_o the_o coin_n be_v always_o melt_v down_o for_o luore_fw-mi as_o they_o have_v be_v and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o unclipt_a money_n and_o as_o they_o will_v certain_o be_v in_o case_n of_o any_o new_a coin_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o be_v currant_n upon_o the_o old_a foot_n of_o sixty_o penny_n for_o the_o silver_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la propose_v be_v the_o true_a foundation_n for_o the_o course_n of_o our_o money_n that_o for_o this_o purpose_n we_o need_v only_o to_o consider_v the_o very_a price_n that_o silver_n bear_v in_o england_n where_o these_o coin_n be_v to_o be_v currant_n although_o if_o we_o will_v have_v relation_n to_o neighbour_a country_n particular_o to_o holland_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o currant_n price_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n there_o add_v thereunto_o the_o difference_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o amsterdam_n or_o rotterdam_n which_o difference_n in_o the_o exchange_n be_v but_o another_o effect_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n beforementioned_a will_v still_o make_v up_o the_o price_n of_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n for_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n at_o london_n and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o so_o your_o lordship_n may_v be_v sure_a that_o no_o body_n will_v buy_v silver_n at_o london_n for_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n carry_v it_o to_o holland_n and_o sell_v it_o there_o perhaps_o for_o five_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n or_o for_o so_o much_o in_o their_o coin_n the_o silver_n whereof_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o five_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n by_o our_o standard_n that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v allege_v that_o silver_n have_v no_o price_n for_o every_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n have_v first_o ascertain_v the_o extrinsic_a denomination_n of_o the_o currant_n coin_n have_v take_v care_n also_o to_o determine_v the_o price_n or_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n to_o the_o merchant_n or_o importer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v answer_v in_o those_o extrinsic_a denomination_n and_o daily_a experience_n show_v every_o man_n in_o buy_v or_o sell_v of_o silver_n that_o it_o have_v a_o price_n or_o value_v still_o reckon_v in_o those_o extrinsic_a denomination_n although_o at_o present_a it_o much_o exceed_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o say_a rate_n of_o sixty_o two_o shilling_n for_o a_o pound_n troy_n that_o five_o shilling_n coin_v upon_o the_o foot_n hereby_o propose_v will_v actual_o contain_v more_o real_a and_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n by_o a_o great_a deal_n than_o be_v in_o the_o currant_n money_n now_o common_o apply_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o say_a rent_n revenue_n and_o debt_n upon_o which_o the_o imaginary_a loss_n be_v apprehend_v and_o in_o reason_n will_v and_o aught_o to_o go_v further_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n than_o five_o shilling_n in_o clip_v money_n or_o in_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o guinea_n do_v or_o can_v go_v which_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v when_o the_o mischief_n of_o these_o clip_v money_n and_o guineas_n come_v to_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n and_o last_o that_o as_o the_o foot_n or_o foundation_n hereby_o propose_v for_o the_o course_n of_o the_o money_n will_v be_v just_a and_o reasonable_a with_o regard_n to_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n and_o more_o advantageous_a to_o the_o receiver_n thereof_o than_o payment_n in_o clip_v money_n or_o gold_n at_o the_o present_a price_n so_o every_o person_n that_o shall_v receive_v any_o money_n coin_v or_o make_v currant_n upon_o this_o new_a foot_n will_v have_v the_o payment_n issuing_n and_o expenditure_n thereof_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o it_o be_v free_o submit_v to_o impartial_a judgement_n whether_o the_o propose_v advance_v of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n can_v infer_v a_o real_a loss_n upon_o any_o person_n other_o than_o such_o as_o can_v propose_v to_o themselves_o particular_o the_o receipt_n of_o money_n in_o weighty_a or_o unclipt_a piece_n only_o and_o the_o conversion_n thereof_o to_o a_o advantage_n which_o law_n or_o reason_n will_v not_o allow_v they_o second_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n ought_v to_o be_v raise_v to_o encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n well_o know_v to_o your_o lordship_n and_o by_o the_o small_a number_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o the_o present_a king_n or_o of_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o decease_a queen_n it_o be_v perceivable_a by_o every_o body_n else_o that_o since_o bullion_n have_v bear_v a_o great_a price_n than_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n there_o have_v be_v none_o bring_v to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v either_o by_o importer_n or_o other_o unless_o some_o small_a parcel_n that_o be_v seize_v or_o send_v thither_o by_o public_a authority_n and_o it_o be_v utter_o against_o reason_n for_o any_o man_n to_o think_v that_o any_o bullion_n of_o silver_n will_v be_v carry_v thither_o voluntary_o to_o be_v coin_v till_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n coin_v be_v raise_v at_o least_o as_o high_a as_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n in_o bullion_n by_o the_o propose_a advance_n to_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n the_o sterling_a silver_n in_o the_o coin_n will_v be_v set_v at_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n halfpenny_n per_fw-la ounce_n which_o will_v exceed_v the_o present_a price_n of_o sterling_n in_o bullion_n by_o one_o halfpenny_n per_fw-la ounce_n and_o give_v though_o by_o a_o small_a profit_n a_o encouragement_n to_o those_o that_o have_v english_a silver_n or_o plate_n and_o particular_o to_o the_o retailer_n of_o wine_n beer_n ale_n and_o other_o liquor_n who_o tankard_n and_o other_o vessel_n be_v herein_o after_o propose_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o general_o to_o all_o those_o that_o have_v or_o can_v have_v silver_n import_v to_o carry_v the_o same_o to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v coin_v and_o this_o will_v be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o policy_n that_o in_o past_a age_n
round_v but_o this_o practice_n of_o clip_v have_v never_o be_v exercise_v upon_o the_o milled_a money_n and_o i_o think_v never_o can_v be_v because_o of_o its_o thickness_n and_o edge_v although_o no_o further_a provision_n against_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v make_v by_o law_n second_o that_o as_o to_o counterfeit_v the_o hammer_v money_n be_v liable_a thereunto_o because_o the_o tool_n for_o resemble_v the_o same_o be_v cheap_a and_o easy_o make_v and_o procure_v and_o the_o fabrication_n thereof_o may_v be_v perform_v in_o a_o little_a room_n and_o with_o less_o art_n so_o that_o smith_n and_o other_o artificer_n can_v ready_o attain_v thereunto_o but_o the_o engine_n for_o the_o milled_a money_n be_v many_o and_o very_o costly_a not_o easy_a to_o be_v procure_v the_o maker_n or_o user_n of_o such_o engine_n can_v be_v conceal_v without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o milled_a money_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o much_o fine_a print_n than_o the_o other_o require_v more_o solemnity_n skill_n and_o curious_a workmanship_n in_o its_o fabrication_n and_o when_o it_o be_v finish_v show_v better_a the_o true_a colour_n of_o the_o silver_n to_o distinguish_v its_o genuine_a from_o its_o counterfeit_n piece_n which_o latter_a can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n so_o that_o reckon_a only_o since_o the_o say_a year_n 1663._o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o precedent_n time_n i_o very_o believe_v for_o every_o single_a piece_n of_o milled_a money_n that_o have_v be_v counterfeit_v or_o rather_o be_v attempt_v to_o be_v resemble_v there_o have_v be_v more_o than_o one_o thousand_o of_o the_o hammer_v money_n not_o only_o counterfeit_v but_o actual_o impose_v upon_o the_o people_n who_o have_v be_v defraud_v therewith_o and_o be_v now_o likely_a to_o suffer_v great_o thereby_o three_o that_o as_o to_o the_o crime_n of_o melt_v down_o it_o have_v plain_o affect_v both_o the_o hammer_v and_o mill_v money_n in_o their_o respective_a turn_n very_o fatal_o insomuch_o that_o the_o hammer_v gold_n coin_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n from_o edward_n the_o first_o inclusive_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o which_o will_v amount_v to_o a_o incredible_a sum_n if_o they_o be_v all_o in_o be_v be_v almost_o total_o vanish_v have_v be_v molten_n as_o i_o suppose_v from_o time_n to_o time_n either_o to_o make_v vessel_n or_o utensil_n or_o to_o export_v for_o lucre_n or_o to_o convert_v into_o gold_n coin_n of_o more_o modern_a stamp_n in_o which_o last_o case_v the_o same_o metal_n come_v to_o be_v coin_v over_o and_o over_o again_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o have_v now_o in_o england_n only_o the_o piece_n call_v guineas_n and_o half-guineas_a or_o few_o other_o of_o gold_n coin_n as_o be_v before_o observe_v and_o i_o think_v the_o like_a must_v have_v be_v do_v with_o all_o the_o hammer_v silver_n money_n that_o be_v make_v before_o the_o reign_n 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the_o mint_n inform_v i_o can_v be_v know_v at_o their_o office_n because_o their_o memorial_n thereof_o be_v either_o imperfect_a or_o lose_a but_o by_o the_o abovesaid_a copy_n i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o first_o twelve_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v coin_v in_o silver_n sterling_a money_n one_o million_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o eight_o thousand_o and_o fourteen_o pound_n nine_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n and_o i_o find_v that_o in_o the_o last_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o silver_n money_n coin_v do_v amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o one_o pound_n nine_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n and_o then_o add_v 39004_o l._n o_o s._n 7_o d._n by_o estimation_n for_o the_o two_o or_o three_o intermediate_v year_n of_o the_o same_o reign_n the_o whole_a of_o the_o silver_n sterling_n money_n coin_v by_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v l._n 1700000._o and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o account_n from_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n that_o there_o be_v coin_v of_o silver_n money_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o l._n s._n d._n 8776544._o 10._o 3._o l._n s._n d._n in_o all_o 15109476._o 13._o 5¾_n now_o consider_v how_o far_o this_o sum_n be_v to_o be_v abate_v first_o by_o the_o want_n of_o the_o crown_n half-crown_n groat_n quarter-shilling_n half-groat_n three-half-peny_n piece_n three-farthing_n piece_n and_o halfpence_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v whole_o sink_v second_o by_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o shilling_n and_o six-pence_n of_o the_o same_o queen_n many_o of_o which_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v melt_v down_o recoined_n or_o lost._n three_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o crown_n groat_n twopence_n penny_n and_o halfpence_n of_o james_n the_o first_o and_o charles_n the_o first_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v quite_o go_v and_o by_o the_o melt_a recoining_a or_o loss_n of_o many_o if_o not_o most_o of_o the_o half-crown_n shilling_n and_o six-pence_n of_o those_o two_o king_n one_o can_v hardly_o believe_v there_o be_v now_o in_o be_v of_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o say_v three_o reign_n above_o one_o three_o part_n which_o amount_n to_o five_o million_o thirty_o six_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o pound_n to_o which_o if_o there_o be_v add_v five_o hundred_o sixty_o three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o eight_o pound_n more_o for_o the_o unmelted_a silver_n coin_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o james_n the_o second_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n marry_o and_o for_o the_o small_a quantity_n which_o remain_v of_o those_o which_o be_v make_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n then_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o silver_n sterling_n coin_n clip_v and_o unclipt_a hoard_v and_o currant_n now_o in_o england_n will_v be_v compute_v at_o five_o million_o
bare_a and_o create_v great_a suspicion_n till_o its_o return_n five_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n officer_n begin_v to_o take_v in_o the_o clip_v money_n or_o present_o after_o the_o course_n for_o repay_v the_o state_v value_n thereof_o in_o new_a money_n ought_v to_o begin_v also_o and_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o the_o new_a money_n which_o shall_v be_v coin_v from_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o old_a so_o far_o as_o it_o will_v extend_v and_o that_o a_o aid_n be_v give_v in_o parliament_n to_o supply_v the_o residue_n in_o such_o time_n and_o manner_n as_o that_o there_o be_v no_o interruption_n or_o interval_n in_o the_o course_n of_o repayment_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o register_n for_o the_o clip_v money_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o shall_v be_v full_o satisfy_v according_a to_o these_o general_a proposition_n and_o some_o other_o requisite_n which_o have_v occur_v to_o i_o i_o have_v employ_v my_o thought_n to_o reduce_v this_o whole_a affair_n into_o practice_n and_o do_v humble_o offer_v to_o your_o lordship_n consideration_n the_o particular_n follow_v as_o the_o scope_n and_o design_n of_o my_o report_n that_o be_v to_o say_v first_o that_o a_o aid_n be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n and_o strict_o appropriate_v for_o or_o towards_o the_o make_n good_a of_o the_o loss_n by_o the_o say_v clip_v money_n or_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v reasonable_a to_o be_v defray_v by_o the_o public_a and_o the_o incident_a charge_n which_o shall_v be_v necessary_a in_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o service_n which_o aid_n if_o it_o be_v commensurate_a to_o the_o whole_a loss_n will_n by_o estimation_n as_o above_o amount_v to_o fifteen_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o if_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o public_a shall_v bear_v but_o half_a the_o loss_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o it_o than_o the_o aid_n in_o the_o grant_n thereof_o may_v be_v proportion_v according_o and_o the_o say_a aid_n be_v humble_o propose_v to_o be_v either_o by_o a_o land_n tax_n of_o twelve_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n or_o by_o a_o yearly_a sum_n to_o be_v answer_v out_o of_o the_o continue_a imposition_n upon_o good_n import_v or_o some_o other_o certain_a fond_a to_o take_v effect_n within_o a_o year_n to_o come_v at_o the_o far_a second_o that_o all_o the_o new_a money_n whether_o they_o be_v gold_n or_o silver_n shall_v in_o the_o coin_n thereof_o be_v make_v in_o fineness_n or_o purity_n according_a to_o the_o present_a standard_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o gold_n to_o be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n fine_a and_o two_o carat_n allay_v and_o the_o silver_n coin_n to_o be_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n alloy_n for_o the_o reason_n above_o give_v three_o that_o every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o such_o gold_n shall_v be_v cut_v into_o eighty_o nine_o half_a guineas_n or_o forty_o four_o guineas_fw-la and_o a_o half_n or_o proportionable_o for_o great_a piece_n as_o the_o same_o aught_o to_o be_v by_o the_o present_a indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n with_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o master_n of_o the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o carat_n in_o case_n the_o gold_n be_v find_v too_o strong_a or_o too_o feeble_a in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o both_o and_o that_o every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o the_o new_a silver_n money_n to_o be_v make_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v cut_v into_o such_o number_n of_o piece_n as_o will_v correspond_v in_o weight_n with_o the_o undimished_a crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n six-pence_n groat_n threepence_n twopence_n and_o penny_n coin_v by_o the_o late_a indenture_n except_o the_o twelve_o penny_n piece_n all_o which_o may_v be_v perform_v as_o be_v above_o offer_v and_o that_o the_o master_n be_v allow_v a_o remedy_n of_o two_o penny_n weight_n in_o every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n in_o case_n they_o be_v find_v too_o strong_a or_o too_o feeble_a in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o both_o four_o that_o by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n or_o by_o a_o royal_a proclamation_n to_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o silver_n crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n and_o six-pence_n of_o the_o lawful_a coin_n of_o this_o realm_n now_o in_o be_v and_o not_o diminish_v by_o clip_v round_v file_v wash_v or_o other_o artifice_n be_v public_o cry_v up_o and_o raise_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o seventy_o five_o penny_n for_o the_o crown_n and_o proportionable_o for_o the_o rest_n as_o i_o have_v also_o propose_v and_o that_o the_o other_o small_a piece_n of_o the_o old_a coin_n which_o be_v few_o in_o number_n go_v as_o they_o do_v at_o present_a and_o that_o the_o new_a coin_n to_o be_v call_v the_o scepire_n or_o unite_v the_o half-scepire_a or_o half-vnite_a the_o testoon_n or_o fifteen_o penny_n piece_n the_o shilling_n or_o twelve_o penny_n piece_n the_o half-testoon_a the_o gross_a or_o five_o penny_n piece_n quarter-testoon_a the_o half-gross_a and_o prime_a be_v make_v currant_n upon_o the_o same_o foot_n as_o i_o have_v also_o propose_v pag._n 61_o etc._n etc._n five_o that_o coin_n as_o well_o as_o english_a bullion_n not_o exceed_v a_o limit_a sum_n yearly_a may_v be_v export_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o present_a war_n by_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n and_o command_n and_o not_o otherwise_o which_o will_v help_v to_o keep_v down_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n six_o that_o all_o the_o new_a money_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mill_n and_o the_o press_n and_o not_o by_o the_o hammer_n seven_o that_o all_o the_o present_a silver_n piece_n call_v crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n and_o six-pence_n of_o the_o hammer_v kind_n which_o be_v diminish_v by_o clip_v round_v file_v wash_v or_o other_o artifice_n be_v cry_v down_o so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v currant_n after_o a_o day_n to_o be_v prefix_v and_o that_o no_o person_n whatsoever_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v oblige_v to_o accept_v in_o legal_a payment_n any_o money_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v already_o clip_v or_o may_v hereafter_o be_v clip_v or_o diminish_v and_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v tender_a or_o receive_v any_o such_o money_n in_o payment_n under_o some_o small_a penalty_n to_o be_v make_v easy_o recoverable_a the_o pass_v selling_n or_o change_a of_o such_o clip_v or_o diminish_v money_n in_o order_n to_o the_o recoining_a thereof_o as_o be_v herein_o after_o mention_v only_o except_v eight_o that_o no_o crown_n piece_n of_o old_a hammer_v money_n shall_v be_v say_v or_o allege_v to_o be_v clip_v or_o diminish_v or_o be_v refuse_v as_o such_o in_o any_o payment_n whatsoever_o if_o it_o hold_v eighteen_o penny_n weight_n and_o proportionable_a weight_n shall_v render_v the_o half-crown_n shilling_n and_o six-pence_n of_o the_o say_v hammer_v kind_a to_o be_v currant_n in_o all_o payment_n which_o seem_v necessary_a because_o of_o the_o wear_n of_o the_o old_a piece_n though_o they_o be_v not_o clip_v nine_o that_o beside_o the_o principal_a mint_n within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o six_o press_n can_v be_v wrought_v at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v settle_v and_o establish_v nine_o other_o mint_n within_o england_n and_o wales_n to_o work_n with_o two_o press_n in_o each_o namely_o one_o at_o newcastle_n upon_o tyne_n to_o serve_v principal_o for_o the_o county_n of_o durham_n northumberland_n cumberland_n and_o westmoreland_n one_o at_o york_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o county_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n one_o at_o nottingham_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o county_n of_o nottingham_n lincoln_n derby_n and_o leicester_n one_o at_o chester_n to_o serve_v for_o cheshire_n staffordshire_n salop_n and_o north_n wales_n one_o at_o hereford_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n gloucester_z worcester_z and_o south_n wales_n one_o at_o exeter_n to_o serve_v for_o cornwall_n devon_n and_o somerset_n one_o at_o salisbury_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o county_n of_o wilts_n dorset_n and_o hantshire_n one_o at_o oxon_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o county_n of_o oxon_n buck_n warwick_n and_o berks_n and_o one_o at_o cambridge_n to_o serve_v for_o norfolk_n suffolk_z huntingdon_n cambridge_n and_o bedfordshire_n and_o that_o at_o london_n will_v serve_v for_o the_o rest_n nevertheless_o these_o several_a mint_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v so_o restrain_v but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v carry_v his_o money_n to_o any_o of_o they_o that_o lie_v most_o in_o his_o way_n whereby_o there_o may_v be_v coin_v weekly_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v about_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o thousand_o pound_n easy_o which_o will_v finish_v the_o whole_a work_n in_o much_o less_o than_o a_o year_n time_n and_o that_o the_o die_v press_n and_o other_o implement_n may_v be_v provide_v with_o as_o much_o haste_n as_o be_v possible_a so_o as_o to_o be_v all_o sit_v for_o use_v by_o or_o before_o christmas_n next_o
guineas_fw-la and_o a_o half_n shall_v be_v cut_v from_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o such_o gold_n will_v avail_v nothing_o and_o that_o the_o only_a remedy_n to_o fix_v these_o gold_n coin_n upon_o a_o right_a foot_n will_v be_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o silver_n coin_n which_o as_o soon_o as_o achieve_v according_a to_o these_o proposition_n will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n and_o probability_n present_o reduce_v the_o guineas_n to_o about_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n apiece_o by_o the_o most_o natural_a and_o easy_a way_n without_o fix_v any_o limit_a price_n thereupon_o by_o public_a authority_n which_o if_o one_o be_v to_o judge_v by_o past_a experience_n will_v never_o be_v observe_v at_o least_o for_o any_o time_n a_o corollary_n the_o abovementioned_a balance_n of_o trade_n be_v as_o be_v before_o observe_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o scarcity_n of_o silver_n in_o england_n and_o of_o the_o loss_n by_o the_o foreign_a exchange_n or_o remittance_n he_o that_o can_v propose_v any_o proper_a expedient_n either_o to_o lessen_v that_o balance_n or_o convert_v it_o to_o our_o advantage_n aught_o to_o be_v well_o hear_v but_o any_o proposal_n which_o suppose_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n must_v be_v rectify_v before_o our_o coin_n be_v amend_v or_o a_o reasonable_a foundation_n can_v be_v fix_v for_o the_o course_n of_o the_o same_o do_v but_o postpone_v the_o cure_n of_o a_o disease_n which_o may_v destroy_v we_o before_o such_o a_o remedy_n can_v take_v effect_n the_o true_a and_o reasonable_a adjustment_n of_o that_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o french_a pied_a the_o monoye_n and_o by_o other_o ancient_o pes_fw-la monetae_fw-la be_v and_o be_v of_o principal_a consideration_n in_o this_o whole_a affair_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v your_o lordship_n will_v excuse_v i_o for_o have_v be_v so_o prolix_a in_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o standard_n the_o second_o general_n head_n concern_v the_o present_a state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n it_o can_v be_v think_v improper_a before_o the_o enterprize_v of_o a_o work_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n as_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o money_n and_o determine_v a_o new_a foot_n for_o the_o course_n of_o the_o same_o to_o be_v instruct_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o be_v possible_a in_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n in_o the_o present_a state_n plight_v or_o condition_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o this_o realm_n wherein_o one_o must_v necessary_o consider_v several_a matter_n of_o fact_n whereof_o some_o can_v be_v know_v or_o find_v out_o and_o other_o can_v only_a be_v estimate_v or_o guess_v at_o i_o have_v endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v in_o a_o little_a time_n to_o inform_v and_o satisfy_v myself_o in_o the_o particular_n follow_v first_o the_o several_a form_n or_o fashion_n which_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o fabrication_n of_o the_o money_n and_o which_o of_o they_o have_v be_v and_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o be_v most_o secure_a against_o clip_v and_o counterfeit_v second_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n coin_n clip_v and_o unclipt_a that_o may_v be_v reasonable_o think_v or_o imagine_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o kingdom_n at_o this_o day_n three_o how_o far_o the_o clip_v piece_n now_o in_o be_v may_v be_v conjecture_v to_o have_v be_v diminish_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o upon_o consideration_n of_o these_o article_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o compute_v the_o loss_n which_o upon_o recoining_a the_o clip_v money_n must_v be_v bear_v either_o by_o a_o public_a aid_n or_o by_o particular_a person_n or_o by_o both_o and_o to_o make_v such_o other_o remark_n and_o inference_n as_o may_v be_v suitable_a to_o the_o present_a occasion_n in_o all_o which_o my_o sense_n and_o opinion_n be_v humble_o present_v to_o your_o lordship_n in_o the_o manner_n follow_v as_o to_o the_o particular_n all_o the_o money_n we_o have_v now_o in_o england_n both_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v reducible_a to_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o stamp_v with_o the_o hammer_n and_o the_o other_o press_v with_o a_o engine_n call_v the_o mill._n the_o gold_n or_o silver_n of_o the_o hammer_v money_n be_v first_o cast_n from_o the_o melt_a pot_n into_o long_a bar_n those_o bar_n be_v cut_v with_o sheers_n into_o several_a square_a piece_n of_o exact_a weight_n for_o sovereign_n angel_n crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n etc._n etc._n then_o with_o the_o tongue_n and_o hammer_n they_o be_v forge_v into_o a_o round_a shape_n after_o which_o they_o be_v blanch_v that_o be_v make_v white_a or_o refulgent_a by_o neal_v or_o boiling_n and_o afterward_o stamp_v or_o impress_v with_o a_o hammer_n to_o make_v they_o perfect_a money_n this_o method_n of_o make_v money_n with_o the_o hammer_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o say_v red_a book_n be_v practise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o among_o other_o great_a achievement_n of_o his_o most_o prudent_a government_n leave_v that_o of_o restore_a and_o establish_v good_a money_n for_o the_o use_v of_o his_o people_n to_o recommend_v his_o name_n to_o subsequent_a generation_n he_o send_v for_o mr._n william_n de_fw-fr turnemire_n and_o his_o brother_n peter_n and_o other_o from_o marseilles_n and_o one_o friscobald_n and_o his_o companion_n from_o florence_n and_o employ_v they_o in_o the_o work_v this_o kind_n of_o money_n and_o the_o buy_v and_o exchange_v of_o silver_n for_o that_o purpose_n for_o which_o he_o have_v thirty_o furnace_n at_o london_n eight_o at_o canterbury_n beside_o three_o the_o archbishop_n have_v there_o twelve_o at_o bristol_n twelve_o at_o york_n and_o more_o in_o other_o great_a town_n in_o all_o which_o place_n they_o make_v the_o say_v hammer_v money_n of_o silver_n supply_v by_o the_o king_n changer_n establish_v at_o the_o same_o place_n who_o according_a to_o certain_a rate_n or_o price_n prescribe_v to_o they_o take_v in_o the_o clip_v round_v and_o counterfeit_v money_n to_o be_v recoined_n and_o buy_v gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o other_o to_o be_v fabricate_v into_o new_a money_n at_o the_o same_o time_n ordain_v quod_fw-la proclametur_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la fiat_fw-la tonsura_fw-la de_fw-la nova_fw-la moneta_n sub_fw-la periculo_fw-la vitæ_fw-la &_o membrorum_fw-la &_o amissionis_fw-la omnium_fw-la terrarum_fw-la &_o tenementorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o this_o kind_n of_o hammer_v money_n continue_v through_o all_o the_o reign_v of_o succeed_v king_n and_o queen_n till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1663._o when_o by_o several_a warrant_n and_o command_v of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o to_o wit_n by_o one_o warrant_n date_v the_o five_o of_o november_n 1662._o one_o warrant_v date_v the_o eight_o of_o april_n 1663._o and_o a_o three_o warrant_v date_v the_o twenty_o four_o of_o december_n 1663._o the_o other_o sort_n call_v mill_v money_n be_v first_o fabricate_v to_o be_v currant_n in_o england_n in_o this_o manner_n first_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o melt_a pot_n into_o long_a flat_a bar_n which_o bar_n be_v draw_v through_o a_o mill_n wrought_v by_o a_o horse_n to_o produce_v the_o just_a thickness_n of_o guineas_n half-guineas_a crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n etc._n etc._n then_o with_o forcible_a engine_n call_v cutter_n which_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o respective_a size_n or_o dimension_n of_o the_o money_n to_o be_v make_v the_o round_a piece_n be_v cut_v out_o from_o the_o flat_a bar_n shape_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o residue_n whereof_o call_v sizel_n be_v melt_v again_o and_o then_o every_o piece_n be_v weigh_v and_o make_v to_o agree_v exact_o with_o the_o intend_a weight_n and_o afterward_o carry_v to_o other_o engine_n wrought_v secret_o which_o put_v the_o letter_n upon_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o large_a silver_n piece_n and_o mark_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o grain_n the_o next_o thing_n be_v the_o blanch_a perform_v as_o above_o and_o at_o last_o every_o piece_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o press_n which_o be_v call_v the_o mill_n wrought_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o man_n and_o there_o receive_v the_o impression_n which_o make_v it_o perfect_a mill_v money_n by_o due_o reflect_v upon_o these_o different_a kind_n and_o consider_v that_o the_o principal_a offence_n against_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v be_v and_o be_v either_o clip_v counterfeit_v or_o melt_v down_o it_o may_v be_v proper_a to_o remark_n first_o that_o the_o crime_n of_o clip_v have_v be_v practise_v upon_o the_o hammer_v money_n in_o all_o age_n more_o or_o less_o but_o most_o exorbitant_o of_o late_a year_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o example_n of_o justice_n for_o that_o the_o offender_n make_v a_o excessive_a profit_n by_o do_v a_o thing_n so_o easy_a in_o itself_o that_o even_o woman_n and_o child_n as_o well_o as_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o act_n of_o clip_v or_o
which_o from_o divers_a cause_n whereof_o the_o import_v of_o guineas_n be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o be_v sink_v so_o very_o low_a that_o the_o public_a lose_v about_o four_o shilling_n in_o the_o pound_n upon_o all_o the_o money_n remit_v thither_o which_o loss_n amount_n to_o a_o great_a deal_n in_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o exchange_n to_o hamburgh_n and_o the_o east_n country_n for_o all_o naval_a store_n and_o other_o good_n be_v low_a and_o to_o all_o place_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a where_o our_o fleet_n be_v at_o present_a the_o exchange_n be_v yet_o more_o to_o our_o prejudice_n and_o in_o regard_n the_o aforesaid_a excessive_a advance_n of_o the_o guinea_n piece_n at_o least_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o can_v be_v attribute_v as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o baseness_n and_o defect_n of_o the_o white_a money_n there_o be_v no_o prospect_n of_o reduce_v the_o gold_n to_o a_o more_o moderate_a or_o reasonable_a price_n by_o any_o mean_v consistent_a with_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n other_o than_o the_o amendment_n and_o restore_a of_o the_o silver_n coin_n second_o in_o the_o present_a condition_n and_o circumstance_n of_o our_o silver_n money_n this_o nation_n and_o the_o trade_n and_o deal_n thereof_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n deprive_v of_o the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n now_o in_o be_v as_o well_o the_o heavy_a piece_n as_o the_o light_n the_o former_a of_o which_o especial_o since_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o last_o session_n appear_v desirous_a of_o make_v a_o reformation_n or_o amendment_n have_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n hoard_v by_o the_o particular_a person_n possess_v thereof_o in_o prospect_n that_o the_o silver_n contain_v in_o those_o weighty_a piece_n will_v be_v raise_v to_o a_o value_n suitable_a to_o the_o bullion_n thereof_o if_o melt_v which_o they_o may_v think_v will_v turn_v more_o to_o their_o profit_n than_o lend_v at_o interest_n purchase_v or_o trade_n therewith_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n or_o at_o least_o they_o may_v think_v these_o hoard_v money_n when_o the_o mischief_n of_o corrupt_v and_o diminish_v their_o coin_n come_v to_o their_o last_o extremity_n will_v particular_o stand_v those_o man_n in_o stead_n that_o have_v they_o however_o it_o be_v its_o certain_a the_o weighty_a money_n at_o present_a do_v very_o little_o appear_v abroad_o and_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a they_o will_v soon_o be_v bring_v to_o light_n without_o raise_v their_o value_n and_o recoining_a the_o clip_v money_n and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a a_o great_a part_n thereof_o when_o offer_v in_o payment_n be_v utter_o refuse_v and_o will_v not_o pass_v and_o consequent_o do_v not_o serve_v to_o the_o end_n or_o purpose_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v so_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o great_a part_n be_v become_v as_o it_o be_v a_o dead_a cash_n in_o the_o kingdom_n three_o in_o consequence_n of_o the_o vitiate_a diminish_v and_o counterfeit_v of_o the_o currant_n money_n it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o great_a contention_n do_v daily_o arise_v among_o the_o king_n subject_n in_o fair_n market_n shop_n and_o other_o place_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n about_o the_o pass_v or_o refuse_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n many_o bargain_n do_n and_o deal_n be_v total_o prevent_v and_o lay_v aside_o which_o lessen_v trade_n in_o general_a person_n before_o they_o conclude_v in_o any_o bargain_n be_v necessitate_v first_o to_o settle_v the_o price_n or_o value_n of_o the_o very_a money_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v for_o their_o good_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o guineas_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n or_o in_o clip_v or_o bad_a money_n they_o set_v the_o price_n of_o their_o good_n according_o which_o i_o think_v have_v be_v one_o great_a cause_n of_o raise_v the_o price_n not_o only_o of_o merchandize_n but_o even_o of_o edible_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o common_a people_n to_o their_o great_a grievance_n the_o receipt_n and_o collection_n of_o the_o public_a tax_n revenue_n and_o debt_n as_o well_o as_o of_o private_a man_n income_n be_v extreme_o retard_v to_o the_o damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o a_o vigorous_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o at_o least_o since_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o serve_v the_o crown_n so_o many_o bond_n give_v and_o lie_v unsatisfied_a at_o the_o custom-house_n or_o so_o vast_a a_o arrear_n of_o excise_n and_o as_o for_o the_o land_n tax_n your_o lordship_n know_v how_o far_o it_o be_v affect_v with_o the_o bad_a money_n by_o the_o many_o complaint_n transmit_v daily_o from_o the_o commissioner_n receiver_n and_o collector_n thereof_o and_o by_o compare_v the_o sum_n bring_v into_o the_o exchequer_n this_o year_n with_o the_o timely_a payment_n of_o the_o like_a tax_n in_o precede_a year_n in_o fine_a the_o mischief_n of_o the_o bad_a money_n too_o many_o to_o enumerate_v be_v so_o sensible_o feel_v that_o i_o humble_o conceive_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o confute_v all_o the_o argument_n against_o the_o recoining_a the_o same_o in_o this_o time_n of_o war_n and_o even_o the_o objection_n against_o raise_v the_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n to_o the_o propose_v value_n which_o argument_n and_o objection_n how_o plausible_a or_o weighty_a soever_o they_o have_v be_v heretofore_o have_v not_o at_o this_o time_n sufficient_a ground_n or_o reason_n to_o support_v they_o especial_o when_o the_o do_v of_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o project_v for_o the_o particular_a gain_n or_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o former_o receive_v a_o duty_n of_o seigniorage_n upon_o coin_v or_o recoining_a of_o money_n but_o for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o utility_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n but_o whether_o all_o the_o evil_n and_o mischief_n before_o mention_v and_o the_o increase_n thereof_o which_o the_o nation_n must_v undergo_v till_o a_o remedy_n be_v apply_v do_v infer_v or_o be_v tantamount_n to_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o the_o present_a enterprise_v the_o work_n aforesaid_a must_v be_v and_o be_v with_o all_o humility_n submit_v to_o a_o better_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o the_o four_o general_n head_n be_v to_o propose_v the_o mean_n that_o must_v be_v obtain_v and_o the_o proper_a method_n to_o be_v use_v in_o and_o for_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o the_o silver_n coin_n in_o case_n his_o majesty_n take_v into_o his_o princely_a consideration_n the_o great_a inconvenience_n which_o the_o nation_n labour_n under_o by_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o money_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o direct_v that_o all_o such_o silver_n coin_n call_v crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n or_o tester_n as_o have_v be_v former_o coin_v in_o the_o royal_a mint_n or_o mint_n of_o england_n with_o the_o hammer_n and_o be_v more_o or_o less_o diminish_v by_o clip_v round_v file_v or_o any_o other_o artifice_n shall_v be_v melt_v and_o re-coined_a my_o humble_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o general_a caution_n follow_v be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o the_o work_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v and_o finish_v in_o as_o little_a time_n as_o may_v be_v not_o only_o to_o obviate_v a_o further_a damage_n by_o clip_v in_o the_o interim_n but_o also_o that_o the_o needful_a advantage_n of_o the_o new_a money_n may_v be_v the_o soon_o obtain_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o nation_n second_o that_o the_o loss_n or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o public_a and_o not_o by_o particular_n who_o be_v very_a numerous_n will_v be_v prejudice_v against_o a_o reformation_n for_o the_o public_a benefit_n if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v at_o the_o cost_n of_o particular_a man_n and_o who_o have_v great_a hope_n of_o be_v indemnify_v by_o the_o vote_n pass_v in_o their_o favour_n in_o the_o last_o session_n of_o parliament_n three_o this_o whole_a affair_n must_v be_v render_v easie_n and_o very_o intelligible_a to_o the_o common_a people_n so_o that_o they_o must_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o travel_v very_o far_o when_o they_o part_v with_o their_o clip_v money_n or_o when_o they_o receive_v back_o the_o value_n of_o it_o in_o the_o new_a coin_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o must_v be_v furnish_v with_o a_o useful_a and_o transferrable_a credit_n that_o must_v take_v place_n in_o course_n of_o repayment_n as_o fast_o as_o the_o new_a coin_n can_v be_v make_v four_o that_o no_o room_n must_v be_v leave_v for_o jealousy_n and_o therefore_o all_o the_o clip_v money_n in_o the_o several_a county_n far_o or_o near_o be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v entire_o to_o london_n to_o be_v mint_v there_o which_o will_v leave_v all_o the_o country_n very_o