will_v entreat_v the_o learner_n to_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o these_o ground_n before_o he_o proceed_v further_o chap._n vi_o of_o reduction_n reduction_n be_v a_o rule_n that_o teach_v to_o bring_v number_n of_o several_a denomination_n into_o one_o particular_a denomination_n whether_o the_o denomination_n do_v signify_v money_n english_a flemish_a or_o french_a also_o weight_n measure_n etc._n etc._n reduction_n be_v perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o multiplication_n or_o division_n reduction_n by_o multiplication_n be_v a_o reduce_n of_o great_a denomination_n into_o less_o as_o pound_n into_o shilling_n shilling_n into_o penny_n and_o penny_n into_o farthing_n likewise_o hundred_o into_o quarter_n quarter_n into_o pound_n and_o pound_n into_o ounce_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v do_v by_o multiplication_n reduction_n by_o division_n be_v a_o reduce_n of_o lesser_a denomination_n into_o great_a as_o farthing_n into_o penny_n penny_n into_o shilling_n and_o shilling_n into_o pound_n likewise_o ounce_n into_o pound_n pound_n into_o quarter_n and_o quarter_n into_o hundred_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v do_v by_o divide_v that_o denomination_n by_o as_o much_o as_o make_v one_o of_o a_o great_a as_o in_o reduce_v farthing_n into_o penny_n i_o divide_v the_o number_n propound_v by_o 4_o because_o 4_o farthing_n make_v 1_o penny_n reduction_n of_o mony_n in_o this_o reduction_n of_o money_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o reduction_n you_o must_v consider_v whether_o the_o sum_n propound_v be_v to_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a denomination_n and_o next_o consider_v how_o many_o of_o the_o one_o denomination_n do_v make_v the_o other_o by_o which_o consideration_n you_o will_v know_v when_o to_o multiply_v and_o when_o to_o divide_v and_o what_o to_o multiply_v or_o divide_v by_o as_o for_o example_n quest_n 1._o in_o 374_o pound_n it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o many_o shilling_n here_o i_o do_v consider_v that_o pound_n be_v the_o great_a denomination_n and_o shilling_n be_v the_o lesser_a and_o that_o in_o one_o pound_n be_v contain_v 20_o shilling_n and_o that_o the_o number_n of_o shilling_n in_o 374_o pound_n will_v be_v 20_o time_n as_o much_o as_o 374_o therefore_o i_o multiply_v 374_o by_o 20_o and_o the_o product_n be_v 7480_o and_o so_o many_o shilling_n be_v contain_v in_o 374_o pound_n quest_n 2._o in_o 526_o 18_o how_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n in_o this_o example_n you_o have_v two_o denomination_n propound_v to_o find_v out_o the_o denomination_n of_o penny_n here_o in_o multiply_v your_o pound_n by_o 20_o you_o must_v take_v in_o the_o 18_o shilling_n set_v 8_o down_n first_o because_o 0_o can_v multiply_v therefore_o multiply_v by_o the_o next_o 9_o figure_n 2_o say_v 2_o time_n 6_o be_v 12_o and_z 1_o be_v 13_o set_v down_o 3_o and_o carry_v 1_o 2_o time_n 2_o be_v 4_o and_o 1_o be_v 5_o set_z down_z 5_o 2_o time_n 5_o be_v 10_o setting_z 10_o down_z so_o the_o product_n of_o this_o multiplicand_a and_o the_o odd_a shilling_n make_v 10538_o shilling_n now_o be_o i_o to_o reduce_v the_o shilling_n into_o penny_n and_o know_v that_o 12_o penny_n make_v one_o shilling_n i_o therefore_o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o shilling_n by_o 12_o and_o the_o product_n of_o that_o multiplication_n 126456_o will_v be_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o so_o many_o penny_n do_v 526_o pound_n 18_o shilling_n contain_v in_o the_o work_n of_o reduction_n many_o time_n you_o need_v not_o run_v through_o every_o particular_a denomination_n but_o come_v to_o the_o thing_n require_v soon_o as_o for_o example_n quest_n 3._o in_o 398_o l._n 15_o s._n how_o many_o farthing_n first_o multiply_v 398_o by_o 20_o and_o take_v 9_o in_o the_o odd_a 15_o shilling_n the_o product_n of_o shilling_n will_v be_v 7975_o then_o know_v that_o in_o one_o shilling_n be_v 48_o farthing_n i_o do_v not_o reduce_v these_o shilling_n into_o penny_n as_o in_o the_o last_o example_n by_o multiply_v they_o by_o 48._o i_o do_v reduce_v they_o into_o farthing_n at_o once_o and_o the_o product_n of_o that_o multiplication_n be_v 382800_o and_o so_o many_o farthing_n be_v there_o in_o 398_o l._n 15_o s._n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 4._o but_o if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o reduce_v number_n of_o a_o low_a denomination_n into_o a_o great_a in_o such_o case_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o low_a denomination_n propound_v by_o so_o much_o as_o make_v of_o that_o low_a denomination_n one_o unite_v or_o integer_fw-la of_o the_o great_a denomination_n as_o for_o example_n in_o 1360_o shilling_n how_o many_o pound_n and_o know_v that_o 20_o shilling_n of_o the_o low_a denomination_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o unite_n or_o integer_fw-la of_o the_o great_a 9_o denomination_n of_o pound_n i_o therefore_o divide_v the_o low_a denomination_n 1360_o shilling_n by_o 20_o by_o cut_v off_o the_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v the_o half_a of_o the_o remain_a figure_n which_o half_o 68_o be_v the_o quotient_a of_o that_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n contain_v in_o 1360_o shilling_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 5._o but_o if_o the_o question_n so_o happen_v in_o reduction_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o denomination_n or_o denomination_n between_o the_o denomination_n give_v and_o the_o denomination_n require_v than_o you_o may_v reduce_v your_o denomination_n give_v by_o division_n into_o the_o next_o superior_a or_o great_a denomination_n and_o when_o it_o be_v so_o reduce_v reduce_v it_o again_o into_o the_o next_o above_o that_o and_o so_o until_o you_o have_v bring_v it_o into_o the_o denomination_n require_v as_o for_o example_n rule_n 6._o let_v it_o be_v demand_v in_o 142080_o farthing_n to_o know_v how_o many_o pound_n first_o i_o divide_v the_o give_v number_n farthing_n by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o penny_n because_o i_o penny_n do_v contain_v 4_o farthing_n and_o the_o quotient_a thereof_o will_v be_v 35520_o penny_n then_o i_o divide_v 35520_o penny_n by_o 12_o because_o 12_o penny_n make_v 1_o shilling_n and_o the_o quotient_a of_o that_o division_n will_v be_v 2960_o shilling_n and_o then_o i_o divide_v 2960_o by_o 20_o and_o the_o quotient_n give_v 148_o pound_n which_o be_v equal_a in_o value_n to_o 142080_o farthing_n according_a to_o the_o example_n rule_n 7._o when_o the_o number_n give_v to_o be_v reduce_v do_v consist_v of_o divers_a denomination_n as_o pound_n shilling_n penny_n and_o farthing_n hundred_o quarter_n pound_n and_o ounce_n etc._n etc._n then_o you_o must_v reduce_v the_o high_a or_o great_a denomination_n into_o the_o next_o inferior_a or_o low_a take_v in_o the_o odd_a number_n stand_v in_o that_o denomination_n which_o your_o great_a denomination_n be_v reduce_v to_o then_o reduce_v that_o sum_n into_o the_o next_o inferior_a denomination_n add_v thereto_o the_o odd_a number_n stand_v in_o that_o denomination_n and_o so_o do_v until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o number_n give_v into_o the_o denomination_n require_v as_o for_o example_n let_v it_o be_v require_v to_o reduce_v 137_o 16_o 7_o ½_n into_o farthing_n first_o i_o bring_v 137_o pound_n into_o shilling_n by_o multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o take_v in_o the_o 16_o shilling_n the_o product_n will_v be_v 2756_o shilling_n then_o i_o multiply_v 2756_o shilling_n by_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o shilling_n into_o penny_n take_v in_o the_o odd_a 7_o penny_n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 33079_o penny_n last_o i_o multiply_v 33079_o by_o 4_o to_o bring_v penny_n into_o farthing_n take_v in_o 2_o for_o the_o odd_a half_a penny_n and_o the_o product_n be_v 132318_o farthing_n be_v equal_a in_o value_n with_o 137_o 16_o 7_o ½_n or_o the_o number_n of_o farthing_n contain_v in_o the_o whole_a sum_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 8._o if_o in_o reduction_n any_o do_v remain_v of_o a_o division_n the_o remainder_n be_v of_o the_o same_o denomination_n as_o the_o dividend_n be_v of_o there_o be_v a_o short_a way_n for_o reduce_v pound_n into_o penny_n and_o penny_n into_o pound_n as_o for_o example_n rule_n 9_o let_v it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o many_o penny_n be_v contain_v in_o 347_o pound_n now_o because_o 20_o shilling_n be_v 1_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n be_v 1_o shilling_n 9_o therefore_o 12_o time_n 20_o which_o be_v 240_o be_v the_o number_n of_o penny_n contain_v in_o 20_o shilling_n or_o 1_o pound_n and_o if_o you_o multiply_v your_o pound_n 347_o by_o 240_o the_o product_n thereof_o 83280_o be_v the_o number_n of_o penny_n contain_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o 347_o pound_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 10._o it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o many_o groat_n be_v comprehend_v or_o contain_v in_o 263_o pound_n the_o way_n of_o reduce_v pound_n into_o groat_n be_v not_o difficult_a for_o multiply_v the_o pound_n by_o 20_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o shilling_n and_o because_o 1_o shilling_n do_v
number_n admit_v of_o both_o increase_v by_o addition_n or_o multiplication_n and_o decrease_v by_o subtraction_n or_o division_n as_o 6_o be_v a_o number_n compose_v of_o six_o unit_n and_o admit_v of_o increase_n first_o by_o addition_n as_o 1_o unit_fw-la and_o 6_o make_v 7_o second_o by_o multiplication_n as_o 3_o time_n 6_o make_v 18_o and_o 6_o admit_v likewise_o of_o decrease_v first_o by_o subtraction_n as_o take_v 1_o from_o 6_o and_o there_o remain_v 5_o second_o by_o division_n as_o how_o many_o 2_o can_v i_o have_v in_o 6_o the_o answer_n be_v 3_o time_n numeration_n numeration_n be_v that_o part_n of_o arithmetic_n by_o which_o be_v teach_v right_o and_o just_o to_o value_v declare_v and_o write_v any_o number_n or_o sum_n propound_v all_o number_n and_o sum_n be_v express_v by_o these_o follow_a character_n or_o figure_n which_o be_v in_o number_n ten_o who_o value_n if_o you_o conceive_v each_o figure_n to_o be_v or_o stand_v by_o itself_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o their_o several_a subscription_n 1_o one_o 2_o two_o 3_o three_o 4_o four_z 5_o five_o 6_o six_o 7_o seven_o 8_o eight_o 9_o nine_o 0_o cypher_n nine_o of_o these_o figure_n viz._n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o be_v significant_a figure_n signify_v each_o figure_n so_o many_o unite_v but_o the_o cypher_n be_v of_o no_o value_n nor_o signification_n as_o as_o it_o stand_v alone_o but_o be_v join_v with_o other_o figure_n it_o increase_v the_o value_n of_o those_o figure_n which_o stand_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o he_o now_o these_o nine_o significant_a figure_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o have_v a_o double_a value_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v certain_a according_a to_o its_o own_o signification_n as_o before_o but_o the_o other_o value_n be_v uncertain_a it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o place_n that_o the_o say_a figure_n do_v stand_v in_o and_o possess_v a_o place_n be_v a_o seat_n or_o room_n that_o a_o figure_n stand_v in_o and_o how_o many_o figure_n there_o be_v in_o any_o sum_n so_o many_o place_n of_o value_n do_v the_o say_a sum_n contain_v and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o place_n of_o any_o sum_n which_o be_v next_o the_o right_a hand_n every_o place_n be_v ten_o time_n the_o value_n of_o the_o next_o right_a hand_n place_n numeration_n table_n c._n million_o x._o million_o million_o c._n thousand_o x._o thousand_o thousand_o hundred_o ten_o unit_n how_o each_o number_n be_v to_o be_v read_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o one_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o twelve_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 1_o hundred_o twenty_o three_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 1_o thousand_o 234_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 12_o thousand_o 345_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 123_o thous_z 456_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 1_o million_o 234567_o  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 12_o mill._n 345678_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 123_o mil._n 456789_o this_o table_n need_v but_o little_a explanation_n for_o thereby_o you_o may_v discern_v the_o first_o place_n next_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o unit_n the_o second_o the_o place_n of_o ten_o the_o â—hird_n the_o place_n of_o hundred_o the_o four_o thousand_o etc._n etc._n so_o admit_v the_o sum_n 6873_o be_v give_v you_o to_o number_n consist_v of_o four_o place_n because_o in_o it_o be_v contain_v four_o figure_n which_o you_o must_v thus_o number_v six_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o seventy_o three_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o 784395_o which_o you_o must_v thus_o number_v seven_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o chap._n ii_o addition_n addition_n teach_v of_o several_a sum_n to_o make_v one_o which_o shall_v contain_v as_o much_o as_o all_o those_o several_a sum_n as_o suppose_v a_o owe_v unto_o b_o 328_o pound_n c_o 147_o d_o 485_o total_a sum_n 960_o set_v the_o several_a sum_n as_o you_o see_v one_o under_o the_o other_o have_v draw_v a_o line_n begin_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o that_o row_n next_o your_o right_a hand_n say_v 5_o and_o 7_o be_v 12_o and_z 8_o be_v 20_o set_v under_o that_o first_o row_n 0_o and_o carry_v 2_o for_o so_o many_o ten_o to_o the_o next_o row_n say_v 2_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 8_o be_v 10_o and_z 4_o be_v 14_o and_z 2_o be_v 16_o set_v down_o 6_o under_o that_o row_n and_o carry_v 1_o for_o the_o 10_o to_o the_o next_o row_n say_v 1_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 4_o makes_z 5_o and_z 1_o be_v 6_o and_o 3_o be_v 9_o set_v down_o 9_o under_o that_o row_n so_o you_o have_v under_o the_o line_n these_o figure_n 960_o which_o be_v the_o total_a sum_n of_o those_o three_o so_o that_o a_o owe_v in_o all_o to_o b_o c_o and_o d_o 960_o pound_n when_o you_o have_v any_o sum_n to_o set_v down_o which_o you_o be_v to_o add_v up_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a to_o set_v down_o the_o several_a sum_n so_o orderly_o one_o under_o the_o other_o as_o the_o unit_n may_v stand_v under_o themselves_o ten_o under_o themselves_o hundred_o under_o themselves_o and_o thousand_o under_o themselves_o etc._n etc._n according_a to_o these_o follow_a example_n 3842_o l._n 863219_o 428_o 76824_o 97_o 4386_o 9_o 327_o  _fw-fr 24_o  _fw-fr 6_o addition_n of_o mony_n if_o you_o have_v any_o sum_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a denomination_n as_o pound_n shilling_n penny_n and_o farthing_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n you_o must_v first_o consider_v how_o many_o of_o the_o lesser_a make_v one_o of_o the_o next_o denomination_n as_o in_o sterling_a money_n 4_o farthing_n be_v 1_o penny_n 12_o pence_n be_v 1_o shilling_n 20_o shilling_n be_v 1_o pound_v sterling_n and_o so_o carry_v the_o penny_n from_o the_o farthing_n to_o the_o penny_n the_o shilling_n from_o the_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o the_o pound_n from_o the_o shilling_n to_o the_o pound_n as_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o the_o work_n of_o this_o follow_a example_n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n  _fw-fr received_n of_o a_o 384_o 16_o 11_o ½_n b_o 197_o 14_o 08_o ¾_n c_o 79_o 12_o 03_o ¼_n d_o 9_o 13_o 10_o ¾_n  _fw-fr 671_o 17_o 10_o ¼_n suppose_v i_o have_v receive_v money_n of_o four_o several_a person_n viz._n of_o a_o 384_o l._n 16_o s._n 11_o d._n ½_n of_o b_o 197_o l._n 14_o s._n 08_o d._n ¾_n of_o c._n 79_o l._n 12_o s._n 03_o d._n ¾_n and_o of_o d_o i_o have_v receive_v 9_o l._n 13_o s._n 10_o d._n ¾_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o four_o sum_n make_v altogether_o set_a down_o the_o say_a sum_n in_o such_o order_n one_o under_o the_o other_o as_o the_o farthing_n may_v stand_v under_o themselves_o the_o penny_n under_o themselves_o the_o shilling_n under_o themselves_o and_o the_o pound_n under_o themselves_o and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o unit_n ten_o and_o hundred_o may_v stand_v under_o one_o another_o according_a as_o you_o see_v they_o here_o set_v down_o then_o draw_v a_o line_n and_o begin_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o least_o denomination_n say_v ¾_n and_o ¼_n be_v four_o farthing_n and_o ¾_n be_v seven_o farthing_n and_o ½_n be_v nine_o farthing_n or_o two_o penny_n farthing_n set_v down_o ¼_n under_o the_o farthing_n and_o carry_v 2_o to_o the_o penny_n say_v 2_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 10_o be_v 12_o and_z 3_o be_v 15_o and_z 8_o be_v 23_o and_o 11_o be_v 34_o penny_n which_o be_v 2_o s._n 10_o d._n therefore_o set_v down_o 10_o under_o the_o penny_n and_o carry_v 2_o to_o the_o shilling_n say_v 2_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 3_o makes_z 5_o and_z 2_o be_v 7_o and_z 4_o be_v 11_o and_z 6_o be_v 17_o set_v down_o 7_o under_o the_o first_o row_n of_o shilling_n and_o carcarry_v 1_o to_o the_o next_o row_n of_o shilling_n say_v 1_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 1_o be_v 2_o and_z 1_o be_v 3_o and_o 1_o be_v 4_o and_z 1_o makes_z 5_o which_o be_v odd_a i_o set_v 1_o after_o the_o 7_o but_o under_o the_o last_o row_n of_o shilling_n now_o the_o half_a of_o 5_o be_v 2_o i_o carry_v 2_o unto_o the_o pound_n say_v 2_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 9_o be_v 11_o and_z 9_o be_v 20_o and_o 7_o be_v 27_o and_o 4_o be_v 31_o set_v down_o 1_o under_o that_o row_n and_o carry_v three_o to_o the_o next_o row_n say_v 3_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 7_o be_v â—0_n and_o 9_o be_v 19_o and_o 8_o be_v 27_o set_v 7_o under_o this_o row_n and_o carry_v 2_o to_o the_o next_o say_v 2_o as_o i_o carry_v and_o 1_o
be_v 3_o and_z 3_o be_v 6_o setting_z down_z 6_o under_o the_o last_o row_n so_o i_o find_v i_o have_v receive_v in_o all_o of_o a_o b_o c_o and_o d_o 671_o l._n 17_o s._n 10_o d._n ¼_n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 384_o 16_o 11_o ½_n  _fw-fr 197_o 14_o 08_o ¾_n  _fw-fr 79_o 12_o 03_o ¼_n  _fw-fr 9_o 13_o 10_o ¾_n total_a 671_o 17_o 10_o ¼_n proof_n 287_o 00_o 10_o ¾_n 671_o 17_o 10_o ¼_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o sum_n whether_o it_o be_v cast_v up_o right_a or_o not_o the_o common_a way_n be_v to_o draw_v a_o line_n under_o the_o first_o sum_n and_o then_o sum_n up_o again_o only_o leave_v out_o the_o uppermost_a row_n which_o sum_n be_v add_v to_o the_o uppermost_a row_n or_o line_n then_o if_o the_o sum_n be_v the_o same_o as_o before_o the_o work_n be_v right_o cast_v up_o but_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a or_o better_a to_o cast_v up_o the_o whole_a sum_n again_o and_o if_o you_o think_v by_o do_v so_o you_o may_v commit_v the_o same_o error_n again_o or_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o mistake_v as_o before_o you_o may_v cast_v it_o up_o the_o contrary_a way_n viz._n begin_v at_o top_n and_o go_v downward_o for_o the_o account_n will_v amount_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sum_n if_o it_o be_v right_o do_v but_o tradesman_n and_o merchant_n be_v most_o concern_v herein_o have_v another_o help_n which_o be_v in_o write_v out_o bill_n by_o their_o book_n if_o they_o find_v the_o sum_n in_o both_o account_n do_v not_o agree_v they_o conclude_v there_o must_v be_v a_o mistake_n in_o one_o or_o the_o other_o which_o they_o find_v out_o by_o cast_v the_o account_n over_o again_o in_o cast_v up_o long_a bill_n where_o many_o shilling_n be_v in_o the_o penny_n it_o be_v a_o good_a plain_a way_n to_o make_v a_o prick_n or_o some_o small_a mark_n at_o every_o shilling_n and_o so_o set_v down_o the_o odd_a penâ—e_n at_o last_o count_v over_o how_o many_o prick_v you_o have_v make_v and_o carry_v so_o many_o shilling_n to_o the_o place_n of_o shilling_n but_o such_o as_o be_v ready_a and_o expert_a count_v how_o many_o penny_n be_v in_o the_o whole_a column_n then_o by_o get_v without_o book_n such_o a_o table_n as_o here_o follow_v can_v ready_o tell_v how_o many_o shilling_n and_o odd_a penny_n be_v in_o any_o number_n of_o pence_n d._n  _fw-fr s._n d._n  _fw-fr s._n d._n 12_o be_v 1_o 20_o be_v 1_o 08_o 24_o 2_o 30_o 2_o 06_o 36_o 3_o 40_o 3_o 04_o 48_o 4_o 50_o 4_o 02_o 60_o 5_o 60_o 5_o 00_o 72_o 6_o 70_o 5_o 10_o 84_o 7_o 80_o 6_o 08_o 96_o 8_o 90_o 7_o 06_o 108_o 9_o 100_o 8_o 04_o 120_o 10_o 110_o 9_o 02_o 132_o 11_o 120_o 10_o 00_o 144_o 12_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr addition_n of_o flemish_a mony_n flemish_a money_n be_v reckon_v by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n as_o we_o do_v our_o sterling_n but_o frequent_o they_o do_v reckon_v by_o stivers_n and_o guilder_n or_o stivers_n and_o ducatoon_n 20_o stivers_n be_v 1_o guilder_n and_o 63_o stivers_n be_v 1_o ducatoon_n stiu._n guild_n stiu._n ducat_n stiu._n  _fw-fr 323_o 16_o 321_o 23_o  _fw-fr 129_o 09_o 78_o 34_o  _fw-fr 14_o 18_o 69_o 57_o  _fw-fr 468_o 03_o 469_o 51_o a_o table_n for_o the_o reduce_v flemish_a ducatoon_n into_o guilder_n and_o stivers_n 〈◊〉_d â—uil_n stiu._n duc._n guild_n stiu._n 1_o 3_o 3_o 100_o 315_o 00_o 2_o 6_o 6_o 200_o 630_o 00_o 3_o 9_o 9_o 300_o 945_o 00_o 4_o 12_o 12_o 400_o 1260_o 00_o 5_o 15_o 15_o 500_o 1575._o 00_o 6_o 18_o 18_o 600_o 1890_o 00_o 7_o 22_o 1_o 700_o 2205_o 00_o 8_o 25_o 4_o 800_o 2520_o 00_o 9_o 28_o 7_o 900_o 2835_o 00_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 1000_o 3150_o 00_o 20_o 63_o 00_o 2000_o 6300_o 00_o 30_o 94_o 10_o 3000_o 9450_o 00_o 40_o 126_o 00_o 4000_o 12600_o 00_o 50_o 157_o 10_o 5000_o 15750_o 00_o 60_o 189_o 00_o 6000_o 18900_o 00_o 70_o 220_o 10_o 7000_o 22050_o 00_o 80_o 252_o 00_o 8000_o 25200_o 00_o 90_o 283_o 10_o 9000_o 28350_o 00_o 100_o 315_o 00_o 10000_o 31500_o 00_o addition_n of_o french_a mony_n 4_o quarter_n make_v 1_o solx_n 60_o solx_n make_v one_o french_a crown_n therefore_o for_o 4_o quarter_n carry_v 1_o solx_n to_o the_o solx_n for_o 60_o solx_n carry_v 1_o french_a crown_n as_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o the_o follow_a example_n cr._n solx_fw-fr qr_n 248_o 42_o 3_o 476_o 37_o 2_o 124_o 29_o 3_o 297_o 56_o 1_o 1147_o 46_o 1_o addition_n of_o haverdupoize_n weight_n table_n 16_o ounce_n be_v 1_o pound_n 28_o pound_n be_v 1_o quarter_n 4_o quarter_n be_v 1_o hundred_o weight_n 20_o hundred_o weight_n be_v 1_o tun._n instruction_n therefore_o from_o your_o ounce_n for_o every_o 16_o carry_v 1_o pound_n to_o your_o pound_n from_o your_o pound_n for_o every_o 28_o carry_v 1_o quarter_n to_o your_o quarter_n and_o from_o your_o quarter_n for_o every_o 4_o carry_v 1_o hundred_o to_o your_o hundred_o and_o from_o your_o hundred_o for_o every_o 20_o carry_v 1_o tun_n to_o your_o tun_n as_o you_o perceive_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n example_n tun_n c._n qr_n li._n oz._n 27_o 18_o 2_o 24_o 12_o 15_o 16_o 3_o 26_o 14_o 9_o 12_o 1_o 18_o 09_o 7_o 08_o 3_o 12_o 07_o 60_o 16_o 3_o 26_o 10_o addition_n of_o apothecary_n weight_n table_n 20_o grain_n be_v 1_o scruple_n ℈_o 3_o scruple_n be_v 1_o drachm_n Ê’_n 8_o dram_fw-la be_v 1_o ounce_n â„¥_o 12_o ounce_n be_v 1_o pound_v lb._n instruction_n from_o the_o grain_n for_o every_o 20_o you_o must_v carry_v 1_o scruple_n to_o the_o scruple_n from_o the_o scruple_n for_o every_o 3_o carry_v 1_o drachm_n to_o the_o drachm_n from_o the_o drachm_n for_o every_o 8_o carry_v 1_o ounce_n to_o the_o ounce_n and_o from_o the_o ounce_n for_o every_o 16_o carry_v 1_o pound_n to_o the_o pound_n according_a as_o you_o may_v see_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a example_n example_n lb_n â„¥_o Ê’_n ℈_o gr_n 4_o 12_o 6_o 2_o 16_o 3_o 15_o 5_o 1_o 10_o 1_o 10_o 3_o 1_o 15_o 10_o 07_o 0_o 0_o 01_o addition_n of_o troy_n weight_n table_n 〈◊〉_d grain_n be_v 1_o penny_n weight_n 〈◊〉_d penny_n weight_n be_v 1_o ounce_n 〈◊〉_d ounce_n be_v 1_o pound_n instruction_n for_o 24_o grain_n carry_v 1_o penny_n weight_n to_o the_o penny_n weight_n for_o 20_o penny_n weight_n carry_v 1_o ounce_n to_o the_o ounce_n for_o 12_o ounce_n carry_v 1_o pound_n to_o the_o pound_n example_n li._n oz._n p._n weig_o gr_n 19_o 08_o 16_o 21_o 14_o 09_o 17_o 17_o 9_o 11_o 18_o 22_o 44_o 06_o 13_o 12_o addition_n of_o wine_n measure_n table_n 2_o pint_n be_v 1_o quart_n 2_o quart_n be_v 1_o pottle_n 2_o pottle_n be_v 1_o gallon_n 63_o gallon_n be_v 1_o hogshead_n 4_o hogshead_n be_v 1_o tun._n instruction_n from_o pint_n for_o every_o 2_o carry_v 1_o quart_n to_o the_o place_n of_o quart_n from_o quart_n for_o every_o 2_o carry_v 1_o pottle_n to_o the_o place_n of_o pottle_n from_o the_o place_n of_o pottle_n for_o every_o 2_o carry_v 1_o gallon_n to_o the_o place_n of_o gallon_n and_o from_o the_o place_n of_o gallon_n for_o every_o 63_o carry_v 1_o hogshead_n to_o the_o place_n of_o hogshead_n and_o from_o the_o place_n of_o hogshead_n for_o every_o 4_o carry_v 1_o tun_n to_o the_o place_n of_o tun_n as_o by_o the_o follow_a example_n example_n tun_n hogsh_a gall_n pottl_n qrts._n pint_n 237_o 1_o 38_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 142_o 3_o 47_o 0_o 1_o 1_o 95_o 2_o 54_o 1_o 0_o 1_o 46_o 1_o 29_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 8_o 2_o 12_o 0_o 0_o 1_o 530_o 3_o 56_o 1_o 1_o 0_o addition_n of_o beer_n measure_n table_n 2_o pint_n be_v 1_o quart_n 2_o quart_n be_v 1_o pottle_n 2_o pottle_n be_v 1_o gallon_n 9_o gallon_n be_v 1_o firkin_n 2_o firkins_n be_v 1_o kilderkin_n 2_o kilderkin_n be_v 1_o barrel_n example_n bar._n kill_v firk_v gall_n pottl_n qrts._n pt_n 54_o 1_o 1_o 7_o 1_o 0_o 1_o 32_o 1_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 25_o 1_o 1_o 4_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 12_o 1_o 1_o 3_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 9_o 0_o 1_o 5_o 1_o 0_o 1_o 135_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 1_o addition_n of_o dry_a measure_n table_n 16_o pint_n be_v 1_o peck_n 4_o peck_v be_v 1_o bushel_n 8_o bushel_n be_v 1_o quarter_n 5_o quarter_n be_v 1_o wey_n 2_o wey_n 1_o last_o example_n quar._n bush_n peck_n pin_n 128_o 5_o 2_o 11_o 342_o 6_o 3_o 12_o 487_o 7_o 1_o 10_o 83_o 4_o 3_o 15_o 1043_o 1_o 0_o 00_o addition_n of_o long_a measure_n table_n 3_o barley_n corn_n make_v 1_o inch._n 12_o inch_n 1_o foot_n 3_o foot_n 1_o yard_n 5_o yard_n ½_n 1_o pole_n or_o perch_n 40_o perch_n 1_o furlong_n 8_o furlong_n 1_o english_a mile_n by_o the_o table_n you_o may_v easy_o
contain_v 3_o groat_n multiply_v those_o shilling_n by_o 3_o and_o that_o product_n shall_v be_v the_o number_n of_o groat_n in_o so_o many_o pound_n but_o there_o be_v a_o quick_a and_o short_a way_n than_o this_o which_o be_v thus_o because_o 20_o shilling_n be_v 1_o pound_n and_o 3_o 9_o groat_n be_v 1_o shilling_n therefore_o 3_o time_n 20_o which_o be_v 60_o be_v the_o number_n of_o groat_n in_o 20_o or_o 1_o pound_n and_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o pound_n 263_o by_o 60_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 15870_o the_o number_n of_o groat_n in_o 263_o pound_n which_o be_v a_o short_a way_n than_o to_o reduce_v pound_n into_o shilling_n and_o shilling_n into_o penny_n by_o two_o multiplication_n rule_n 11._o and_o if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o reduce_v penny_n into_o pound_n or_o groat_n into_o pound_n divide_v by_o 240_o for_o reduce_v penny_n into_o pound_n and_o by_o 60_o for_o the_o reduce_v groat_n into_o pound_n and_o the_o quotient_n shall_v be_v the_o number_n of_o pound_n require_v rule_n 12._o let_v it_o be_v require_v to_o reduce_v 83280_o penny_n and_o 15780_o groat_n into_o pound_n for_o experience_n sake_n be_v the_o product_n of_o the_o two_o last_o example_n divide_v 83280_o penny_n into_o pound_n by_o 240_o the_o number_n of_o penny_n in_o 20_o shilling_n or_o one_o pound_n and_o the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 347_o the_o number_n of_o pound_n as_o before_o also_o divide_v 15780_o groat_n by_o 60_o the_o number_n of_o groat_n contain_v in_o 20_o shilling_n or_o one_o pound_n and_o the_o quotient_a thereof_o will_v be_v 263_o pound_n as_o before_o by_o which_o you_o discern_v the_o infallibility_n of_o both_o rule_n for_o divide_v or_o multiply_v by_o 240_o to_o reduce_v penny_n into_o pound_n and_o pound_n into_o penny_n and_o by_o 60_o for_o reduce_v groat_n into_o pound_n and_o pound_n into_o groat_n rule_n 13._o there_o be_v other_o denomination_n of_o english_a money_n beside_o pound_n shilling_n penny_n and_o farthing_n as_o the_o follow_a table_n do_v show_v denomination_n value_v  _fw-fr s._n d._n a_o mark_n 13_o 04_o a_o angel_n 10_o 00_o a_o noble_a 6_o 08_o a_o crown_n 5_o 00_o a_o thirteen_o penny_n half_a penny_n 1_o 01_o ½_n a_o nine_o penny_n 00_o 09_o a_o four_o penny_n half_a penny_n 00_o 04_o piece_n of_o 00_o 03_o 00_o 02_o rule_n 14._o let_v it_o be_v require_v in_o 783_o noble_n to_o know_v how_o many_o mark_n and_o pound_n at_o 20_o s._n by_o this_o table_n you_o find_v the_o value_n of_o a_o mark_n to_o be_v thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o the_o value_n of_o a_o noble_a to_o be_v half_o a_o mark_n that_o be_v 6_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o likewise_o 6_o s._n 8_o d._n be_v one_o three_o of_o 20_o shilling_n therefore_o 20_o shilling_n or_o 1_o pound_n do_v contain_v 3_o mark_n therefore_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n double_v the_o number_n of_o noble_n give_v 783_o that_o be_v to_o say_v multiply_v 783_o by_o 2_o and_o the_o product_n 9_o 1566_o will_v be_v the_o number_n of_o mark_n contain_v and_o because_o 3_o mark_n viz_o 3_o time_n 6_o s._n 8_o d._n be_v 20_o shilling_n or_o 1_o pound_n i_o therefore_o divide_v the_o number_n of_o mark_n 1566_o by_o 3_o and_o in_o the_o quotient_a i_o do_v find_v 522_o which_o tell_v i_o that_o in_o 1566_o mark_n there_o be_v 522_o pound_n therefore_o in_o 783_o noble_n there_o be_v 1566_o mark_n and_o 522_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o answer_n to_o the_o question_n require_v rule_n 15._o in_o 768_o pound_n how_o many_o mark_n and_o noble_n this_o question_n be_v but_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o last_o for_o if_o you_o multiply_v your_o pound_n 9_o give_v by_o 3_o the_o product_n 1566_o will_v be_v mark_n and_o the_o half_a of_o that_o number_n will_v be_v 783_o the_o number_n of_o noble_n as_o be_v require_v therefore_o in_o 522_o pound_n there_o be_v contain_v 1566_o mark_n and_o 783_o noble_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 16._o in_o 538_o pound_n it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o many_o angel_n and_o crown_n by_o the_o forego_n table_n you_o find_v the_o value_n of_o a_o angel_n to_o be_v 10_o shilling_n and_o of_o a_o crown_n 5_o shilling_n therefore_o because_o twice_o 10_o shilling_n be_v 20_o shilling_n and_o twice_o 5_o shilling_n be_v 10_o shilling_n therefore_o i_o multiply_v the_o 9_o number_n of_o pound_n give_v 538_o by_o 2_o the_o product_n thereof_o 1076_o be_v so_o many_o angel_n and_o that_o product_v 1076_o multiply_v again_o by_o 2_o the_o product_n thereof_o 2152_o be_v the_o number_n of_o crown_n therefore_o in_o 538l_o there_o be_v contain_v 1076_o angel_n and_o 2152_o crown_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 17._o in_o 2152_o crown_n how_o many_o angel_n and_o pound_n this_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o last_o rule_n and_o whereas_o pound_n 2152_o crown_n 538_o angel_n 1076_o pound_n there_o you_o multiply_v here_o you_o must_v divide_v by_o which_o be_v take_v the_o half_a of_o it_o as_o for_o experience_n sake_n the_o last_o example_n of_o the_o last_o rule_n the_o half_a of_o 2152_o crown_n be_v 1076_o angel_n and_o the_o half_a of_o 1076_o angel_n be_v 538_o pound_n as_o before_o 2152_o crown_n make_v 1076_o angel_n and_o 538_o pound_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 18._o in_o 294_o pound_n it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o many_o nine_o pence_n and_o four_o penny_n half_a penny_n for_o the_o resolve_v this_o question_n you_o must_v first_o reduce_v your_o pound_n into_o shilling_n than_o your_o shilling_n into_o penny_n by_o the_o seven_o rule_n and_o the_o product_n of_o the_o which_o in_o the_o example_n you_o will_v find_v to_o be_v 70560_o you_o must_v divide_v by_o 9_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o nine_o pence_n and_o the_o quotient_n will_v give_v you_o 7840_o which_o be_v nine_o pence_n and_o the_o double_a thereof_o 15680_o be_v the_o number_n of_o four_o penny_n half_a penny_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 19_o in_o 15680_o four_o penny_n half_a penny_n how_o many_o nine_o pence_n shilling_n and_o pound_n this_o be_v the_o reverse_n of_o the_o last_o rule_n and_o where_o in_o that_o you_o do_v multiply_v here_o you_o must_v divide_v where_o you_o divide_v here_o you_o must_v multiply_v there_o i_o have_v choose_v the_o same_o example_n for_o your_o better_a experience_n which_o be_v thus_o resolve_v because_o two_o 4_o d._n ½_n make_v 9_o penny_n therefore_o take_v the_o half_a of_o your_o give_a number_n of_o mark_n 15680_o be_v 7840_o nine_o pence_n then_o by_o multiply_v 7840_o by_o 9_o i_o reduce_v they_o into_o penny_n and_o the_o product_n thereof_o be_v 70560_o penny_n by_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o six_o rule_n and_o you_o will_v find_v the_o product_n of_o shilling_n to_o be_v 5880_o shilling_n and_o the_o pound_n to_o be_v 294._o so_o i_o find_v that_o 15680_o mark_n be_v 7840_o noble_n or_o in_o value_n 5880_o shilling_n and_o 294_o pound_n as_o be_v require_v rule_n 20._o in_o 6748_o thirteen_o penny_n half_a penny_n how_o many_o penny_n shilling_n and_o pound_n you_o must_v first_o compute_v how_o 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cost_n 13_o l._n what_o shall_v 2704_o l._n cost_n by_o the_o operation_n i_o find_v 2704_o pound_n weight_n to_o be_v worth_a 78_o pound_n sterl_n quest_n 2._o if_o 100_o l._n be_v worth_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n what_o will_v 2496_o l._n be_v worth_n allow_v 4_o l._n for_o every_o 100_o for_o tret_n divide_v the_o give_v number_n 2496_o by_o 26_o because_o the_o 4_o l._n tret_n be_v the_o 26._o part_n of_o 104_o and_o the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 96_o which_o be_v to_o be_v abate_v for_o the_o tret_n out_o of_o 2496_o and_o there_o will_v remain_v 2400_o l._n net_n at_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n per_fw-la hundred_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o 100_o cost_n 13_o 4_o what_o will_v 2400_o l._n cost_n the_o answer_n will_v be_v 1600_o l._n the_o answer_n to_o the_o question_n as_o be_v require_v chap._n xxv_o the_o rule_n of_o barter_n barter_n teach_v how_o to_o sell_v ware_n for_o ware_n or_o change_v one_o merchandise_n for_o another_o as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v two_o 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and_o how_o much_o it_o be_v  _fw-fr s._n d._n sell_v for_o per_fw-la yard_n 8_o 9_o given_n per_fw-la yard_n 7_o 6_o gain_v per_n yard_n 1_o 3_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o 7_o s._n 6_o d._n gain_n 1_o s._n 3_o d._n what_o will_v 100_o l._n gain_n answer_v 16l_o 13_n 4d_o multiply_v and_o divide_v and_o you_o will_v find_v 16_o l._n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n be_v gain_v per_fw-la 100l_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o question_n as_o be_v require_v quest_n 2._o if_o one_o yard_n of_o broad_a cloth_n be_v worth_a 9_n 6d_o for_o how_o much_o must_v 36_o yard_n be_v sell_v for_o to_o gain_v 20_o per_fw-la cent._n by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o 100_o l._n give_v 120_o l._n what_o will_v 9_o s._n 6_o d._n give_v answer_v 11_o s._n 4d_o 8_o 10._o multiply_v and_o divide_v and_o you_o will_v find_v 11_n 4d_o 8_o 10._o then_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n again_o say_v if_o 1_o yard_n give_v 11_o 4_o 8_o 10_o what_o will_v 36_o yard_n 20_o 10_o 4_o 8_o 8._o multiply_v and_o divide_v and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o you_o must_v sell_v 36_o yard_n of_o that_o broad_a cloth_n for_o 20_o 10_o 4_o 8_o 10_o to_o gain_n 20l._n per_fw-la cent._n quest_n 3._o if_o a_o piece_n of_o broad_a cloth_n contain_v 34_o yard_n cost_v 18_o l._n 14_o s._n and_o i_o sell_v it_o for_o 10_o s._n 8_o d._n per_fw-la yard_n i_o demand_v whether_o i_o gain_v or_o lose_v and_o how_o much_o per_fw-la cent._n by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o 1_o yard_n give_v 10_o s._n 8_o d._n what_o will_v 34_o yard_n answ_n 18_o l._n 2_o s._n 8_o d._n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o price_n it_o cost_v by_o 11_o s._n 4_o d._n therefore_o you_o have_v lose_v now_o to_o find_v how_o much_o you_o you_o have_v lose_v per_fw-la cent._n say_v if_o 18_o l._n 14_o s._n lose_v 11_o s._n 4_o d._n what_o will_v 100_o l._n lose_v 3_o l._n 0_o s._n 7_o d._n ¼_n by_o multiply_v and_o divide_v you_o will_v find_v you_o lose_v 3_o l._n 0s_o 7d_o ¼_n in_o the_o 100_o l._n the_o answer_n to_o the_o question_n as_o be_v require_v quest_n 4._o if_o one_o yard_n of_o broad_a cloth_n cost_v i_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o i_o sell_v 24_o yard_n of_o the_o same_o cloth_n for_o 14l_o 17_o s._n 6d_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o i_o gain_v or_o lose_v and_o how_o much_o in_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o money_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o 1_o yard_n cost_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n what_o will_v 24_o yard_n answer_v 16_o l._n 0_o s._n 0_o d._n by_o multiply_v and_o divide_v i_o find_v 24_o yard_n at_o 13_o s._n 4d_o will_v cost_v 16_o l._n and_o i_o sell_v the_o 24_o yard_n for_o 14_o l._n 17_o s._n 6d_o so_o by_o subtraction_n i_o find_v i_o have_v lose_v upon_o the_o 24_o yard_n 1_o l._n 2_o s._n 6_o d._n now_o to_o know_v how_o much_o per_fw-la cent._n say_v if_o 16_o l._n lose_v 1_o l._n 2._o s._n 6_o d._n what_o will_v 100l_n answer_v 7_o l._n 0_o s._n 7_o d._n ½_n by_o multiply_v and_o divide_v you_o will_v find_v you_o have_v lose_v 7l_o 0_n 7d_o ½_n per_fw-la cent._n the_o answer_n to_o the_o question_n as_o be_v require_v quest_n 5._o if_o i_o give_v for_o 32_o yard_n of_o cloth_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 7_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o for_o 18_o yard_n 12_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o i_o sell_v one_o yard_n with_o another_o for_o 10_o s._n per_fw-la yard_n i_o
according_a to_o the_o former_a instruction_n of_o this_o chapter_n i_o multiply_v the_o numerator_n of_o the_o three_o fraction_n be_v 3_o by_o the_o denominator_n of_o the_o second_o and_o first_o fraction_n which_o be_v 4_o and_o 8_o the_o product_n thereof_o be_v 224_o which_o be_v a_o new_a denominator_fw-la then_o i_o multiply_v the_o devominator_fw-la of_o the_o three_o fraction_n 5_o by_o the_o numerator_n of_o the_o second_o and_o first_o fraction_n which_o be_v 7_o and_o 7_o the_o product_n thereof_o will_v be_v 245_o which_o be_v a_o new_a numerator_n so_o i_o have_v find_v out_o the_o improper_a fraction_n 245_o 224_o which_o reduce_v be_v 1_o 21_o 224_o equal_a to_o 1_o 3_o 32_o which_o be_v the_o answer_n to_o the_o propound_a question_n chap._n xviii_o the_o rule_n of_o practice_n the_o rule_n of_o practice_n be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o other_o rule_n and_o chief_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o in_o a_o far_o more_o compendious_a and_o short_a way_n be_v by_o some_o call_v the_o brief_a rule_n because_o thereby_o many_o question_n may_v be_v operate_v with_o more_o expedition_n than_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o and_o because_o this_o rule_n be_v so_o expeditious_a in_o find_v a_o resolution_n to_o any_o question_n propound_v it_o be_v therefore_o of_o infinite_a great_a use_n among_o merchant_n tradesman_n and_o other_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a 108_o 1_o time_n 12_o be_v 12_o 2_o 24_o 3_o 36_o 4_o 48_o 5_o 60_o 6_o 72_o 7_o 84_o 8_o 96_o 9_o 108_o for_o the_o learner_n to_o get_v perfect_o by_o heart_n the_o annex_v table_n contain_v the_o product_n of_o 12_o multiply_v by_o all_o the_o nine_o digit_n for_o the_o speedy_a reduce_v penny_n into_o shilling_n and_o shilling_n into_o penny_n and_o for_o reduce_v shilling_n into_o pound_n i_o refer_v the_o ingenious_a reader_n to_o the_o six_o chapter_n in_o reduction_n of_o mony_n  _fw-fr s._n f._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o shilling_n 6_o  _fw-fr be_v the_o ½_n 4_o  _fw-fr â…“_n 3_o  _fw-fr ¼_n 2_o  _fw-fr â…™_n 1_o ½_n â…›_n 1_o  _fw-fr 1_o 12_o  _fw-fr ¾_n 1_o 16_o  _fw-fr ½_n 1_o 24_o  _fw-fr ¼_n 1_o 48_o  _fw-fr s._n d._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o pound_n 10_o  _fw-fr be_v the_o ½_n 6_o 8_o â…“_n 5_o 0_o ¼_n 4_o 0_o â…™_n 3_o 4_o â…›_n 2_o 6_o â…›_n 2_o 0_o 1_o 10_o 1_o 8_o 1_o 12_o 1_o 0_o 1_o 20_o i_o will_v likewise_o advise_v the_o learner_n to_o get_v the_o two_o forego_v table_n by_o heart_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o shilling_n the_o second_o the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o pound_n when_o a_o question_n be_v propound_v to_o be_v resolve_v you_o must_v consider_v whether_o the_o price_n of_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v part_n of_o a_o shilling_n or_o part_n of_o a_o pound_n and_o whether_o the_o say_a price_n be_v either_o the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o shilling_n or_o the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o pound_n if_o it_o be_v neither_o the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o shilling_n nor_o the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o pound_n you_o may_v divide_v the_o say_a price_n into_o so_o many_o part_n that_o each_o part_n may_v be_v the_o even_a part_n either_o of_o a_o shilling_n or_o pound_n as_o 5_o d._n ¾_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o even_a part_n of_o a_o shilling_n viz._n 3_o d._n which_o be_v ¼_n of_o a_o shilling_n 2_o d._n which_o be_v â…™_n and_o ¾_n which_o be_v 1_o 16._o proposition_n 1._o if_o the_o price_n of_o a_o unite_v of_o the_o sum_n propound_v be_v a_o farthing_n i_o find_v by_o the_o table_n a_o farthing_n to_o be_v the_o 1_o 48_o of_o a_o shilling_n but_o because_o the_o 48._o part_n of_o any_o sum_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o take_v as_o the_o ½_n the_o â…“_n the_o ¼_n the_o â…™_n the_o â…›_n and_o the_o like_a therefore_o because_o 8_o farthing_n make_v 2_o d._n i_o divide_v the_o give_v number_n by_o 8_o that_o be_v to_o say_v i_o take_v the_o eight_o part_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n remain_v they_o be_v all_o farthing_n then_o by_o the_o table_n i_o find_v that_o 2_o d._n be_v â…™_n of_o a_o shilling_n therefore_o take_v the_o six_o part_n of_o they_o for_o shilling_n and_o what_o remain_v be_v so_o many_o two_o pence_n now_o these_o shilling_n reduce_v into_o pound_n by_o cut_v off_o the_o first_o figure_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n with_o a_o small_a stroke_n with_o your_o pen_n then_o draw_v a_o line_n underneath_o and_o take_v half_a of_o the_o remain_a figure_n which_o i_o set_v under_o the_o line_n for_o so_o many_o pound_n but_o if_o the_o last_o figure_n you_o be_v to_o halue_fw-mi be_v a_o odd_a figure_n take_v the_o half_a and_o add_v 10_o to_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o for_o that_o figure_n and_o the_o 10_o add_v together_o make_v so_o many_o shilling_n example_n let_v it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o much_o 9783_o l._n at_o a_o farthing_n per_fw-la pound_n come_v to_o first_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o follow_a example_n take_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o 9783_o and_o it_o be_v 1222_o two_o pence_n and_o 7_o farthing_n remain_v which_o be_v 1_o ¾_n i_o set_v a_o little_a distance_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n next_o by_o the_o table_n of_o the_o even_a part_n of_o a_o shilling_n i_o find_v 2_o d._n to_o be_v the_o 1_o 0_o part_n therefore_o i_o draw_v a_o line_n under_o 1222_o and_o take_v the_o â…™_n part_v thereof_o which_o be_v 203_o shilling_n and_o 4_o remain_v which_o be_v so_o many_o two_o pence_n therefore_o i_o set_v down_o 8_o under_o the_o last_o remainder_n i_o draw_v a_o line_n under_o these_o shilling_n 203_o and_o reduce_v they_o into_o pound_n according_a to_o the_o instruction_n hereof_o and_o of_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o reduction_n of_o money_n by_o cut_v off_o the_o first_o figure_n towards_o your_o right_a hand_n which_o be_v 3_o and_o draw_v a_o line_n i_o take_v the_o half_a of_o the_o remainder_n 20_o which_o be_v 10_o pound_n and_o the_o figure_n 3_o cut_v off_o signify_v so_o many_o shilling_n now_o i_o add_v all_o these_o odd_a remain_v together_o viz._n 1_o ¾_n 8_o d._n unto_o 10_o l._n 3_o s._n so_o the_o whole_a sum_n be_v 10_o 3_o 9_o ¾_n the_o resolution_n of_o the_o propound_a question_n as_o by_o the_o follow_a operation_n for_o the_o more_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o what_o have_v be_v so_o far_o say_v of_o this_o rule_n i_o shall_v set_v down_o more_o example_n in_o the_o first_o example_n it_o be_v propound_v 65937_o l._n at_o a_o farthing_n per_fw-la pound_n the_o â…›_n thereof_o be_v 8242_o two_o pence_n and_o ¼_n farthing_n remain_v the_o â…™_n of_o 8242_o two_o pence_n be_v 1373_o shilling_n and_o 4_o two_o pence_n remain_v be_v 8_o d._n next_o the_o 1_o 20_o of_o 1373_o shilling_n be_v 68_o pound_n and_o 13_o shilling_n remain_v so_o take_v all_o the_o remain_v to_o this_o last_o sum_n it_o make_v 68_o 13_o 8_o ¼_n and_o so_o much_o do_v 65937_o l._n come_v to_o at_o a_o farthing_n per_fw-la pound_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v the_o other_o example_n explain_v the_o reason_n why_o i_o take_v the_o â…›_n and_o â…™_n in_o these_o example_n of_o a_o farthing_n and_o not_o 1_o 48_o be_v because_o the_o â…™_n of_o â…›_n be_v equal_a to_o 1_o 48._o proposition_n 2._o if_o the_o value_n of_o a_o unite_v in_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o propound_a question_n be_v 2_o farthing_n than_o first_o take_v the_o ¼_n and_o afterward_o the_o â…™_n for_o although_o 2_o farthing_n be_v the_o 1_o 24_o of_o a_o shilling_n yet_o ¼_n of_o 1_o â—_o be_v equal_a thereunto_o and_o do_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o charge_n to_o the_o memory_n than_o to_o take_v the_o 1_o 24_o of_o any_o sum_n have_v thus_o take_v the_o ¼_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o two_o pence_n if_o any_o thing_n remain_v they_o be_v so_o many_o half_a penny_n than_o â…™_n reduce_v they_o into_o shilling_n as_o before_o example_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o example_n it_o be_v require_v to_o know_v how_o much_o 57632_o l._n at_o 2_o quarter_n per_fw-la pound_n come_v unto_o knowing_z 4_o half_a penny_n do_v make_v 2_o d._n i_o therefore_o do_v take_v ¼_n of_o 57632_o which_o be_v 14408_o two_o pence_n then_o i_o take_v â…™_n of_o 14408_o which_o be_v 2401_o shilling_n and_o there_o remain_v 2_o two_o pence_n which_o be_v 4_o d._n then_o the_o 1_o 20_o of_o 2401_o shilling_n be_v 120_o pound_n and_o there_o do_v remain_v 1_o shilling_n so_o the_o sum_n make_v 120_o l._n 1_o s._n 4_o d._n in_o the_o second_o example_n the_o ¼_n of_o 76597_o be_v 19149_o two_o pence_n and_o there_o remain_v 1_o half_a penny_n the_o â…™_n of_o 19149_o be_v 3191_o shilling_n and_o there_o