for_o their_o coin_n their_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o ounce_n weight_n and_o this_o be_v see_v practise_v in_o massa_n and_o other_o kingdom_n also_o thereabouts_o congo_n of_o lumache_n in_o congo_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n be_v take_v up_o along_o the_o seashore_n great_a store_n of_o shell_n fish_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a use_v in_o tombuto_n call_v lumache_n which_o they_o distinguish_v male_a and_o female_a the_o shell_n whereof_o be_v there_o account_v a_o coin_n and_o wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o buy_v both_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o with_o silver_n or_o gold_n either_o in_o mass_n or_o coin_n can_v they_o not_o buy_v any_o other_o thing_n needful_a whatsoever_o melinda_n of_o glass-bead_n in_o melinda_n in_o melinda_n they_o have_v little_a ball_n of_o glass_n in_o manner_n of_o our_o red_a bead_n which_o come_v to_o they_o from_o cambaia_n and_o other_o place_n and_o these_o be_v their_o coin_n and_o money_n and_o with_o they_o gold_n be_v neither_o find_v to_o be_v of_o account_n nor_o esteem_n cathay_n of_o salt_n and_o paper_n in_o cathay_n in_o some_o place_n of_o cathay_n their_o money_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o paper_n stamp_v and_o in_o some_o other_o salt_n bake_v into_o small_a cake_n for_o the_o excellent_a use_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o pass_v current_a as_o coin_n among_o they_o pegu._n of_o ganza_n in_o pegu._n in_o pegu_n their_o money_n be_v call_v ganza_n and_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n which_o every_o man_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n both_o coin_n and_o stamp_n that_o be_v able_a for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v account_v as_o a_o merchandise_n among_o they_o bengala_n of_o almond_n in_o bengala_n in_o bengala_n their_o small_a money_n be_v a_o fruit_n resemble_v the_o almond_n which_o pass_v current_n from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n sumatra_n of_o skull_n of_o dead_a man_n in_o sumatra_n and_o in_o the_o island_n sumatra_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n 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figure_n thereof_o be_v stamp_v and_o be_v constive_v to_o be_v all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n want_v the_o form_n of_o man_n and_o some_o hold_n that_o the_o name_n of_o money_n signify_v not_o only_a money_n number_v or_o tell_v but_o also_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o movable_a as_o immovable_a liquid_a as_o solid_a and_o in_o general_a all_o thing_n whatsoever_o man_n have_v upon_o earth_n from_o these_o three_o name_n and_o kind_n grow_v first_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o particular_a distinction_n and_o nomination_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o species_n as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o worth_n and_o esteem_n among_o they_o for_o they_o have_v then_o in_o use_n certain_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n denarii_fw-la denarii_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v in_o value_n ten_o piece_n of_o the_o copper_n it_o be_v call_v denarius_fw-la and_o because_o every_o 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the_o same_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a magistrate_n crime_n coin_n debase_v or_o alter_v be_v a_o capital_a crime_n it_o be_v hold_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o all_o country_n either_o to_o deface_v mend_v alter_v or_o any_o way_n to_o debase_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o just_o the_o circumstance_n consider_v do_v the_o coin_n of_o prince_n current_n in_o all_o their_o country_n challenge_v a_o principal_a part_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o universal_a commerce_n of_o the_o world_n a_o table_n show_v the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower_n standard_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n and_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o several_a coin_n of_o foreign_a nation_n both_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o they_o be_v assay_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n june_n 1651._o the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n the_o weight_n by_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n the_o value_n intrinsic_a  _fw-fr oz._n dw_n  _fw-fr oz._n dw_n gr_n s._n d._n s._n d._n worse_a 0_o 10_o holland_n rix_n dollar_n 0_o 18_o 15_o 4_o 5â—_n 4_o 7â…›_n worse_o 2_o 3_o lion_n dollar_n 0_o 17_o 18½_n 3_o 7_o 3_o 8â—_n better_a 0_o 4½_n ducat_n of_o flanders_n 1_o 0_o 22_o 5_o 4_o 5_o 6_o worse_a  _fw-fr 7â—_n rix_n dollar_n of_o the_o emper._n 0_o 18_o 15_o 4_o 6_o 4_o 7â—_n standard_n mexico_n ryal_n of_o eight_o 0_o 17_o 12_o 4_o 4½_n 4_o 6¼_n better_a 0_o 1_o sevil_n ryal_n of_o eight_o 0_o 17_o 12_o 4_o 4¾_n 4_o 6½_n worse_o 0_o 1_o old_a cardecus_fw-la 0_o 6_o 3½_n 1_o 6â…œ_n 1_o 7_o 0_o 0½_n french_a lewes_n of_o sixty_o soll_z 0_o 17_o 11_o 4_o 4¼_n 4_o 6â—_n 0_o 1_o old_a milre_a of_o portugal_n 0_o 14_o 4_o 3_o 6¾_n 3_o 8_o 0_o 1½_n st._n mark_v of_o venice_n
a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_v where_o 500_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n may_v safe_o anchor_v from_o all_o but_o south_n and_o westerly_a wind_n which_o very_o seldom_o in_o these_o part_n happen_v for_o the_o wind_n here_o general_o blow_v from_o east_n northerly_a and_o southerly_a wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o east-part_n of_o the_o island_n the_o windward_n and_o the_o west-part_n the_o leeward_n here_o lie_v also_o the_o chief_a town_n for_o trade_n former_o call_v the_o bridge_n but_o now_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v two_o fort_n and_o a_o platform_n between_o they_o answer_v each_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o command_v of_o the_o road._n the_o first_o and_o chief_a fort_n be_v call_v charles_n fort_n stand_v on_o needham_n point_n and_o lie_v out_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o windward_n of_o the_o bay_n and_o town_n so_o that_o a_o enemy_n keep_v out_o of_o command_n of_o this_o fort_n can_v 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from_o hence_o on_o which_o continent_n the_o english_a have_v a_o colony_n plant_v within_o the_o river_n serenam_fw-la this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o 11_o parish_n and_o have_v 14_o church_n and_o chapel_n and_o be_v subdivide_v into_o divers_a plantation_n some_o small_a and_o other_o great_a where_o be_v many_o fair_a and_o large_a building_n make_v of_o stone_n and_o other_o board_v and_o plaster_v the_o which_o general_o be_v pleasant_a habitation_n and_o delightful_o situate_v some_o have_v prospect_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v english_a scotch_a and_o irish_a and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a nation_n who_o former_o live_v here_o a_o time_n of_o servitude_n and_o now_o dwell_v as_o freeman_n some_o by_o their_o trade_n and_o other_o on_o plantation_n and_o some_o few_o jew_n live_v here_o and_o trade_n also_o as_o merchant_n they_o have_v obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v beside_o mallatoes_n and_o negro_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v and_o account_v for_o slave_n the_o number_n of_o which_o some_o few_o year_n since_o upon_o search_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 60000_o person_n viz._n 40000_o whites_n and_o 20000_o black_n the_o stand_a militia_n of_o this_o island_n that_o be_v always_o ready_a on_o all_o occasion_n to_o meet_v together_o and_o which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v often_o and_o well_o discipline_v consist_v of_o two_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o five_o regiment_n of_o foot_n wherein_o several_a company_n have_v near_o 200_o in_o a_o company_n and_o more_o than_o 100_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n the_o government_n be_v not_o contrary_a but_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n only_o some_o particular_a law_n be_v make_v proper_a for_o this_o place_n by_o the_o governor_n or_o deputy_n and_o his_o council_n which_o usual_o be_v seven_o in_o number_n and_o a_o assembly_n that_o consist_v of_o 22_o person_n choose_v by_o the_o 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proportionable_a the_o piece_n of_o eight_o at_o six_o shilling_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o dutch_a rider_n of_o gold_n at_o eight_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a proportionable_a the_o rix-dollar_n at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_n a_o cross_n dollar_n at_o five_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n a_o duccatoon_n of_o flanders_n at_o seven_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o french_a pistol_n of_o gold_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a proportionable_a a_o french_a crown_n of_o gold_n at_o ten_o shilling_n sterling_a a_o french_a lewis_n of_o silver_n at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o quarter_n descue_v two_o shilling_n the_o half_a one_o shilling_n the_o portugal_n crusado_n of_o four_o hundred_o rees_n at_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a the_o old_a testoon_n at_o one_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a the_o shilling_n sixpence_n and_o threepence_n of_o new-england_n coin_n to_o pass_v here_o at_o that_o value_n provide_v the_o say_v several_a coin_n have_v their_o just_a due_a and_o weight_n pureness_n allay_n and_o fineness_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o use_v in_o payment_n be_v piece_n of_o eight_o of_o peru_n which_o be_v as_o current_n and_o go_v at_o the_o same_o value_n as_o sevil_n or_o mexico_n which_o will_v produce_v this_o bad_a effect_n that_o money_n sterling_n and_o coin_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n will_v not_o be_v import_v and_o these_o sort_n which_o be_v already_o here_o will_v either_o be_v hoard_v up_o or_o transport_v and_o that_o because_o the_o base_a money_n of_o peru_n be_v here_o hold_v in_o equal_a value_n with_o mexico_n etc._n etc._n who_o real_a value_n be_v from_o 4_o s._n 4_o d._n to_o 4_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o the_o peru_n from_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o 3_o
into_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n and_o into_o several_a and_o distinct_a part_n and_o denomination_n be_v stamp_v and_o coin_v with_o several_a character_n to_o denote_v thereby_o the_o true_a weight_n and_o value_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o be_v first_o do_v by_o servius_n in_o rome_n of_o brass_n whereon_o be_v imprint_v the_o image_n of_o sheep_n and_o ox_n betoken_v the_o wealth_n and_o riches_n of_o those_o day_n as_o money_n do_v now_o with_o we_o and_o because_o that_o ten_o of_o those_o piece_n be_v then_o call_v a_o denier_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o universal_o all_o such_o money_n be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o latin_n denarii_fw-la this_o be_v then_o the_o original_n of_o money_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v coin_v both_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a have_v occasion_n to_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o money_n in_o this_o follow_a treatise_n bargain_v bargain_v this_o first_o sort_n of_o merchandize_v or_o commerce_n then_o as_o i_o say_v before_o term_v barter_v or_o truck_v of_o one_o commodity_n for_o another_o beget_v consequent_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o money_n the_o second_o manner_n of_o negotiation_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v or_o bargain_v for_o all_o merchant_n that_o will_v transport_v commodity_n from_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o another_o to_o effect_v the_o same_o need_v either_o other_o commodity_n wherewith_o to_o barter_n and_o so_o to_o procure_v they_o or_o money_n and_o so_o to_o buy_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o facilitate_v merchandize_v and_o to_o take_v away_o the_o incommodity_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o carriage_n of_o money_n about_o a_o man_n or_o from_o place_n to_o place_n a_o mean_a be_v invent_v to_o have_v the_o same_o in_o what_o country_n a_o man_n please_v without_o trouble_n or_o danger_n of_o the_o transport_n carriage_n or_o rigour_n thereof_o exchange_v exchange_v and_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v best_a perform_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o commutation_n the_o which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o give_n of_o so_o much_o money_n in_o one_o place_n to_o one_o who_o shall_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v again_o repay_v in_o another_o place_n by_o another_o for_o he_o as_o for_o example_n edward_n have_v here_o in_o london_n one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o desire_v to_o remit_v the_o same_o or_o have_v it_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o joseph_n who_o reside_v in_o venice_n and_o lodowick_n have_v one_o thousand_o pound_n in_o venice_n in_o the_o custody_n and_o hand_n of_o thomas_n which_o he_o will_v get_v receive_v and_o recover_v out_o and_o have_v they_o here_o it_o happen_v that_o edward_n meet_v with_o lodowick_n to_o who_o he_o deliver_v and_o pay_v the_o say_v one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o thereupon_o lodowick_n write_v to_o thomas_n that_o he_o pay_v the_o say_v thousand_o pound_n to_o joseph_n and_o thus_o each_o party_n come_v to_o be_v both_o satisfy_v and_o accommodate_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v that_o in_o all_o exchange_n there_o be_v conclude_v two_o payment_n two_o place_n and_o four_o distinct_a person_n as_o he_o who_o pay_v in_o the_o one_o place_n and_o he_o who_o receive_v in_o the_o other_o and_o he_o who_o receive_v in_o the_o one_o place_n and_o he_o who_o pay_v in_o the_o other_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o no_o man_n can_v remit_v except_o there_o be_v another_o to_o draw_v nor_o no_o man_n can_v in_o the_o second_o place_n receive_v except_o there_o be_v another_o authorize_v to_o pay_v thereof_o exchange_n draw_v into_o a_o profitable_a art_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n than_o come_v in_o use_n the_o original_n of_o exchange_n purposely_o invent_v to_o accommodate_v trade_n and_o commerce_n the_o which_o at_o first_o be_v practise_v without_o either_o benefit_n or_o loss_n or_o any_o other_o consideration_n and_o to_o render_v again_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n and_o parcel_n as_o be_v receive_v but_o other_o consideration_n and_o to_o render_v again_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n and_o parcel_n as_o be_v receive_v but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o giver_n or_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n come_v both_o to_o lose_v a_o certain_a space_n in_o time_n ere_o the_o same_o be_v repay_v and_o do_v also_o run_v a_o certrin_n risgo_fw-la in_o the_o payment_n thereof_o which_o the_o receiver_n or_o drawer_n enjoy_v and_o profit_v by_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v reasonable_a that_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v have_v some_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n in_o requital_n and_o satisfaction_n thereof_o which_o afterward_o occasion_v that_o the_o second_o payment_n come_v to_o be_v somewhat_o great_a than_o the_o former_a and_o that_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o there_o shall_v be_v restore_v more_o than_o be_v receive_v the_o endeavour_n of_o this_o gain_n than_o have_v convert_v exchange_n since_o into_o a_o art_n or_o mystery_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o many_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o remit_v and_o deliver_v money_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o have_v the_o same_o return_v with_o benefit_n and_o not_o for_o a_o need_n or_o necessity_n to_o have_v it_o more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o and_o many_o again_o be_v find_v to_o be_v taker_n and_o drawer_n not_o with_o intent_n to_o withdraw_v or_o recover_v their_o money_n from_o another_o person_n or_o place_n but_o to_o serve_v themselves_o and_o their_o occasion_n with_o that_o of_o other_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n pay_v and_o allow_v for_o the_o same_o that_o consideration_n and_o interest_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o and_o covenant_v between_o they_o which_o real_o and_o in_o effect_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o permit_v usury_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o account_v as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a though_o by_o many_o and_o by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a practice_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v uphold_v and_o maintain_v with_o many_o solid_a reason_n and_o substantial_a argument_n beside_o which_o it_o be_v considerable_a and_o peradventure_o it_o may_v well_o be_v grant_v that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o that_o there_o be_v by_o this_o art_n and_o mystery_n a_o gain_n and_o profit_n make_v thereof_o very_o few_o exchange_n will_v present_v because_o that_o draught_n and_o remittance_n will_v in_o this_o nature_n but_o seldom_o happen_v that_o will_v or_o may_v any_o way_n be_v available_a to_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o less_o benefit_n will_v consequent_o redound_v to_o the_o public_a and_o universal_a commerce_n of_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o intention_n of_o particular_a exchange_n be_v not_o always_o find_v good_a herein_o yet_o the_o general_a good_a effect_n which_o it_o produce_v and_o that_o proceed_v therefrom_o be_v in_o it_o self_n and_o in_o the_o true_a use_n and_o custom_n thereof_o both_o approve_v and_o laudable_a barter_v thing_n considerable_a in_o barter_v now_o in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o commutation_n which_o i_o term_v barter_v many_o thing_n do_v happen_v considerable_a and_o necessary_a in_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v the_o first_o be_v the_o knowledge_n as_o well_o in_o the_o commodity_n thus_o to_o be_v deliver_v as_o in_o the_o commodity_n so_o to_o be_v receive_v next_o a_o knowledge_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o value_n and_o present_a request_n and_o estimation_n of_o both_o then_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n whether_o it_o be_v last_v and_o durable_a or_o impair_n or_o perishable_a and_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o natural_a and_o grow_a or_o artificial_a and_o make_v by_o the_o hand_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quantity_n whether_o plentiful_a in_o abundance_n or_o scarce_o and_o in_o few_o hand_n bargain_v thing_n considerable_a in_o bargain_v in_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o commutation_n which_o i_o term_v bargain_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v likewise_o beside_o the_o abovementioned_a these_o particular_n to_o be_v well_o know_v and_o consider_v first_o a_o knowledge_n how_o the_o commodity_n be_v either_o buy_v or_o sell_v as_o either_o by_o weight_n as_o be_v ponderous_a commodity_n or_o as_o by_o concave_a or_o long_a measure_n as_o be_v commodity_n of_o length_n or_o commodity_n solid_a or_o liquid_a the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n perfect_o to_o be_v know_v and_o real_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o then_o the_o fineness_n goodness_n and_o current_a valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o place_n be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v and_o perfect_o and_o right_o to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o be_v distinguish_v that_o the_o bargain_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v make_v the_o more_o just_o equal_o and_o conscionable_o between_o both_o party_n and_o for_o
7_o 1_o 19_o 0_o  _fw-fr 3_o 22_o 15_o 12_o 21_o ½_n  _fw-fr 1_o 23_o 7_o 8_o 10_o ¾_n  _fw-fr 1_o 13_o 20_o 16_o 8_o ¾_n  _fw-fr 0_o 23_o 15_o 4_o 5_o 0_o  _fw-fr piece_n of_o silver_n 23_o 15_o 21_o 5_o 0_o 13_o  _fw-fr 11_o 19_o 22_o 14_o 12_o 6_o ½_n 4_o 17_o 13_o 20_o 1_o 0_o  _fw-fr 2_o 8_o 18_o 22_o 0_o 12_o  _fw-fr 0_o 18_o 22_o 7_o 8_o 4_o  _fw-fr 0_o 9_o 11_o 3_o 16_o 2_o  _fw-fr 0_o 4_o 17_o 13_o 20_o 1_o  _fw-fr to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n upon_o the_o touchstone_n by_o compare_v it_o unto_o certain_a wire_n or_o needle_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o several_a allay_v which_o be_v approve_v by_o pliny_n book_n 33._o chap._n 18._o before_o the_o way_n of_o trial_n by_o essay_n by_o fire_n for_o that_o there_o be_v many_o casualty_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o make_v essay_n by_o fire_n and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o touch_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o eye_n those_o needle_n or_o wire_n to_o be_v make_v of_o four_o sort_n first_o they_o be_v make_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n second_o of_o gold_n and_o copper_n three_o of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o four_o of_o silver_n and_o copper_n the_o three_o first_o sort_n be_v only_o for_o the_o trial_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o last_o for_o silver_n let_v there_o be_v 24_o needle_n of_o wire_n make_v of_o the_o several_a mixture_n or_o allay_v follow_v the_o 1_o of_o 24_o carot_n that_o be_v of_o fine_a gold_n 2_o 23_o carot_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o 1_o carot_n of_o silver_n 3_o 22_o 2_o 4_o 21_o 3_o 5_o 20_o 4_o and_o so_o still_o 1_o carot_n worst_o till_o you_o have_v but_o one_o carot_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o 23_o of_o silver_n all_o mark_v of_o what_o fineness_n each_o needle_n or_o wire_n be_v of_o also_o there_o may_v be_v make_v the_o like_a of_o the_o other_o two_o mixture_n viz._n of_o gold_n and_o copper_n likewise_o of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n for_o the_o make_v those_o wire_n or_o needle_n for_o trial_n of_o silver_n let_v the_o mixture_n or_o alloy_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o 1_o of_o fine_a silver_n 2_o 11_o ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o 1_o ounce_n of_o copper_n 3_o 10_o 2_o 4_o 9_o 3_o and_o so_o till_o you_o have_v 1_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o 11_o ounce_n of_o copper_n all_o mark_v of_o what_o fineness_n it_o be_v the_o use_n of_o these_o several_a needle_n be_v if_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o goodness_n or_o fineness_n of_o any_o ingot_n or_o piece_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n touch_v the_o say_a ingot_n or_o piece_n upon_o your_o touchstone_n and_o by_o it_o touch_v such_o of_o your_o needle_n as_o shall_v be_v most_o like_a the_o touch_n of_o your_o ingot_n which_o will_v better_a appear_v be_v wet_v with_o your_o tongue_n and_o that_o of_o your_o needle_n the_o gold_n or_o silver_n ingot_n or_o piece_n be_v best_a like_a unto_o of_o that_o finess_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v show_v the_o fineness_n or_o goodness_n of_o divers_a several_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o rate_n of_o certain_a foreign_a piece_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n not_o current_n as_o the_o â—…nce_n be_v worth_a in_o the_o king_n mint_n here_o in_o england_n old_a money_n  _fw-fr carot_n gr_n double_a ducat_n the_o essay_n 23_o 2½_n reyser_n rial_n 23_o 3¾_n crusado_n short-cross_n 22_o 3_o crusado_n long-cross_n 22_o 1½_n french_a crown_n 22_o 0½_n half_a suffrant_n or_o old_a crown_n 21_o 3_o pistolet_n of_o spain_n 21_o 3_o milre_n 22_o  _fw-fr philippus_n crown_v 17_o 3_o flemish_a angel_n the_o better_a sort_n 22_o  _fw-fr flemish_n angel_n the_o worse_a 18_o  _fw-fr old_a portuguez_n 23_o 3_o the_o old_a spureal_a 23_o 3½_n the_o old_a noble_a 23_o 3½_n the_o old_a angel_n 23_o 3¼_n the_o george_n noble_a 23_o 3_o the_o salute_v 23_o 3_o the_o angel_n with_o the_o gun-hole_n 22_o  _fw-fr the_o great_a old_a sovereign_a weight_n 18_o do_v w._n 23_o  _fw-fr the_o old_a crown_n of_o hen._n 8_o 21_o  _fw-fr the_o old_a sovereign_n of_o hen._n 8_o 22_o  _fw-fr the_o great_a sovereign_n of_o hen._n 8_o 20_o  _fw-fr the_o half_a sovereign_n of_o hen._n 8_o 20_o  _fw-fr the_n edw._n sovereign_a 21_o  _fw-fr the_n eliz._n sovereign_a and_o crown_n 22_o  _fw-fr the_o french_a noble_a  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o unicorn_n of_o scotland_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o philippus_n real_a 23_o 2_o the_o old_a french_a crown_n 22_o 2_o the_o flanders_n rider_n 23_o 2¾_n the_o gelder_n rider_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o cullen_n gulden_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr the_o flanders_n noble_a 23_o 2_o the_o golden_a lion_n 23_o  _fw-fr the_o ducat_n of_o castille_n 23_o 2½_n the_o old_a andreas_n gulden_n 18_o 3_o the_o philippus_n gulden_n 15_o 3_o the_o ducat_n of_o valence_n 23_o 2¾_n the_o hungary_n ducat_n of_o several_a sort_n 23_o 2½_n the_o ducat_n of_o rome_n bullen_n and_o milan_n 23_o 2_o the_o barbary_n gold_n 23_o 2_o the_o double_a pistolet_n with_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o king_n crown_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o side_n date_v 1578_o 21_o 3_o the_o 2_o double_a pistolet_n with_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o king_n crown_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o 21_o 3¼_n the_o double_a pistolet_n with_o a_o image_n like_o a_o apostle_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o date_v 1566._o 23_o 1¼_n the_o double_a pistolet_n with_o a_o spread-eagle_n crown_v and_o arm_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n with_o 2_o letter_n s._n r._n 23_o 3_o the_o fineness_n or_o goodness_n of_o certain_a coin_n of_o silver_n  _fw-fr oz._n pw_n a_o dollar_n with_o 4_o hages_n and_o 4_o peep_v over_o and_o 4_o crown_n over_o the_o peep_v and_o a_o emperor_n on_o the_o other_o side_n date_v 1577._o 8_o 18_o a_o dollar_n with_o 3_o horn_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n and_o two_o crest_n and_o a_o horseman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 9_o 19_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o ramp_v lion_n and_o a_o spread-eagle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 9_o 18_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o lion_n a_o scutcheon_n in_o his_o foot_n and_o a_o spread-eagle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 9_o 17½_n a_o dollar_n with_o a_o man_n body_n to_o the_o waste_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n arm_n and_o two_o cross_n 9_o 14_o a_o dollar_n with_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o a_o head_n of_o both_o side_n and_o over_o the_o head_n two_o sword_n across_o 10_o 17_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n with_o scripture_n and_o the_o other_o side_n a_o man_n head_n 10_o 10_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o crown_n date_v 1569_o 10_o 18½_n a_o dollar_n of_o maximilian_n with_o a_o spread-eagle_n and_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o emperor_n date_v 1569_o 10_o 12½_n a_o dollar_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o crown_n date_v 1569._o 10_o 14½_n a_o dollar_n with_o three_o scutcheon_n and_o arm_n with_o the_o picture_n of_o our_o lady_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 10_o 18_o a_o dollar_n with_o three_o scutheon_n and_o arm_n in_o they_o and_o a_o cross_n with_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 10_o 18_o a_o dollar_n with_o three_o scutcheon_n and_o arm_n and_o a_o spread-eagle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n date_v 1549._o 10_o 18_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o spread-eagle_n and_o a_o crown_n over_o his_o head_n and_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 1573._o 10_o 15_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o arm_n and_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n date_v 1549._o 10_o 14_o a_o dollar_n with_o 3_o scutcheon_n and_o arm_n in_o they_o and_o a_o spread-eagle_n with_o a_o talbotshead_n date_v 1549._o 11_o 2_o a_o dollar_n with_o three_o crown_n and_o a_o spread-eagle_n a_o phillippus_n dollar_n of_o the_o base_a sort_n 6_o 16_o a_o dollar_n with_o three_o crown_n and_o a_o spread-eagle_n 10_o 14_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o ramp_v lion_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o a_o lion_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n and_o half_a a_o man_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 8_o 18_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o hart_n and_o the_o arm_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n 10_o 12_o a_o dollar_n with_o a_o wild_a man_n hold_v a_o candle_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o a_o ragged_a staff_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 1571._o 10_o 14_o a_o dollar_n of_o the_o same_o and_o like_a superscription_n 10_o 13_o a_o dollar_n with_o the_o image_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o his_o arms._n 10_o 15_o a_o dollar_n of_o the_o same_o with_o like_a superscription_n 10_o 12½_n a_o dollar_n with_o a_o lion_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n and_o half_a a_o man_n over_o the_o lion_n and_o a_o ramp_v lion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 9_o  _fw-fr spanish_a money_n a_o spanish_a piece_n of_o money_n with_o a_o sheaf_n of_o arrow_n
square_v out_o proportionable_o and_o every_o street_n be_v draw_v out_o to_o a_o line_n so_o that_o every_o gate_n yield_v a_o free_a prospect_n through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o opposite_a gate_n beautify_v on_o each_o side_n with_o stately_a edifice_n and_o house_n for_o the_o honourable_a of_o this_o country_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o city_n be_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n wherein_o the_o grand_a cham_n reside_v with_o all_o his_o queen_n and_o child_n and_o wherein_o be_v place_v a_o bell_n which_o be_v toll_v at_o certain_a hour_n of_o the_o evening_n after_o which_o may_v no_o man_n stir_v out_o of_o door_n until_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o day_n follow_v the_o largeness_n rarity_n curiosity_n and_o richness_n of_o this_o palace_n the_o partition_n allow_v his_o queen_n and_o lodging_n appoint_v for_o his_o child_n and_o their_o daily_a attendant_n and_o the_o order_n beauty_n and_o manner_n thereof_o i_o willing_o omit_v as_o not_o pertinent_a to_o my_o present_a purpose_n without_o this_o city_n wall_n be_v account_v 12_o suburb_n of_o 3_o or_o 4_o mile_n long_o adjoin_v to_o each_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a 12_o gate_n and_o here_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o foreigner_n do_v abide_v each_o nation_n have_v a_o several_a cane_n or_o storehouse_n where_o they_o both_o lodge_v and_o exercise_v their_o merchandise_n and_o traffic_v one_o with_o another_o for_o the_o commodity_n of_o these_o several_a country_n the_o confluence_n of_o merchant_n here_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v wonderful_a see_v it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o city_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o the_o cham_n maintain_v 5000_o astrologer_n here_o daily_o beside_o many_o thousand_o of_o soldier_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n that_o 12000_o horse_n be_v account_v but_o as_o his_o ordinary_a and_o daily_a guard_n thereof_o exendu_fw-fr and_o the_o largeness_n thereof_o beside_o which_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o exendu_fw-fr the_o principal_a place_n of_o the_o grand_a cham_fw-mi seat_v not_o many_o day_n journey_n hence_o where_o merchant_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o enter_v be_v build_v in_o a_o four_o square_a figure_n every_o side_n extend_v eight_o mile_n in_o length_n within_o this_o quadrant_n be_v another_o who_o side_n be_v six_o mile_n long_o and_o within_o that_o another_o of_o four_o mile_n square_a which_o be_v account_v the_o very_a palace_n itself_o and_o between_o which_o several_a wall_n be_v find_v walk_n garden_n orchard_n fishpond_n place_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o courtly_a and_o military_a exercise_n and_o also_o park_n forest_n and_o chase_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o pleasure_n and_o game_n and_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o attendant_n and_o servitor_n that_o of_o necessity_n be_v require_v to_o wait_v upon_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n with_o the_o officer_n thereto_o belong_v not_o but_o much_o increase_n the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o city_n and_o place_n as_o for_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n of_o cambalu_n and_o general_o of_o all_o tartary_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o country_n though_o in_o a_o large_a tract_n extend_v itself_o upon_o the_o north_n ocean_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_o continue_a cold_n and_o frost_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v but_o little_a benefit_n thereof_o however_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o molucco_n japan_n and_o other_o islander_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v here_o a_o great_a traffic_n and_o that_o hence_o these_o tartarian_n be_v furnish_v with_o the_o spice_n of_o india_n the_o gem_n of_o pegu_n and_o bengala_n and_o peradventure_o with_o other_o the_o drug_n of_o arabian_a but_o upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n they_o be_v the_o master_n of_o many_o good_a seaport_n beside_o astracan_a which_z of_o late_o they_o have_v lose_v to_o the_o muscovite_n as_o zahaspa_n cosmi_n melmesuach_n and_o other_o by_o which_o be_v convey_v to_o they_o the_o silk_n tapestry_n carpet_n arm_n and_o excellent_a manufacture_n of_o persia_n and_o in_o the_o black-sea_n beside_o capha_n now_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o turk_n they_o enjoy_v the_o brave_a port_n of_o curaropo_fw-it asow_n and_o other_o serve_v to_o convey_v unto_o they_o the_o commodity_n of_o turkey_n trabesond_n podolia_n walacia_fw-la and_o other_o country_n border_v upon_o the_o famous_a river_n of_o danubius_n now_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o large_a empire_n it_o border_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o muscovia_n with_o who_o it_o be_v now_o in_o peace_n though_o not_o seldom_o at_o debate_n from_o whence_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o traffic_n which_o i_o find_v observe_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o great_a consequence_n they_o have_v rich_a fur_n and_o other_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n but_o where_o it_o border_v upon_o china_n which_o be_v for_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n of_o ground_n by_o some_o author_n account_v 400_o league_n the_o common_a report_n of_o the_o strict_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o that_o nation_n to_o debar_v entrance_n to_o all_o stranger_n shall_v persuade_v i_o of_o little_a traffic_n that_o way_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o some_o late_a traveller_n who_o relation_n herein_o be_v questionable_a that_o the_o city_n of_o cambalu_n receive_v yearly_a thence_o by_o way_n of_o traffic_n 10000_o cart_n lade_v with_o silk_n and_o stuff_n of_o the_o china_n fabric_n the_o truth_n thereof_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o reader_n mulberry-tree_n coin_n current_a in_o cambalu_n and_o through_o tartary_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o mulberry-tree_n as_o for_o the_o money_n current_n in_o this_o large_a territory_n i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v diverse_o make_v yet_o neither_o of_o gold_n nor_o of_o silver_n coin_v but_o of_o the_o middle_a bark_n of_o the_o mulberry_n tree_n which_o be_v make_v firm_a and_o cut_v into_o divers_a and_o round_a piece_n great_a and_o little_a they_o imprint_v the_o king_n mark_n thereupon_o and_o from_o this_o mean_a stuff_n the_o emperor_n cause_v a_o huge_a mass_n of_o money_n to_o be_v yearly_o make_v at_o cambalu_n which_o suffice_v for_o his_o whole_a empire_n and_o no_o man_n under_o pain_n of_o death_n may_v coin_v or_o spend_v any_o other_o money_n or_o refuse_v it_o in_o all_o his_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o merchant_n often_o come_v hither_o from_o far_o and_o remote_a country_n bring_v with_o they_o gold_n silver_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n and_o receive_v the_o king_n money_n for_o they_o and_o because_o the_o same_o be_v not_o current_a in_o their_o country_n they_o therewith_o buy_v in_o this_o empire_n other_o the_o commodity_n here_o find_v which_o they_o carry_v hence_o away_o with_o they_o the_o king_n also_o pay_v his_o stipend_n officer_n and_o army_n with_o the_o say_a money_n and_o buy_v whasoever_o else_o he_o need_v with_o the_o same_o so_o that_o no_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n can_v exceed_v he_o in_o treasure_n which_o be_v at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n provide_v and_o procure_v polish_v of_o coral_n polish_v beside_o which_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o large_a country_n subject_n to_o some_o subordinate_a king_n in_o subjection_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n that_o they_o use_v in_o some_o place_n piece_n of_o polish_a coral_n in_o stead_n of_o money_n and_o in_o other_o they_o have_v certain_a twig_n of_o gold_n in_o lieu_n of_o money_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o weight_n into_o several_a parcel_n without_o stamp_n or_o character_n and_o this_o be_v account_v in_o matter_n of_o consequence_n harden_v of_o salt_n in_o loaf_n harden_v but_o they_o have_v a_o lesser_a coin_n if_o i_o may_v so_o term_v it_o make_v of_o salt_n which_o they_o boil_v in_o caldron_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n which_o congeal_v they_o make_v into_o lump_n like_o our_o peny-loave_n which_o be_v make_v solid_a be_v sign_v with_o the_o prince_n stamp_n and_o pass_v thus_o current_a among_o they_o and_o wherewith_o they_o provide_v themselves_o of_o all_o necessary_n in_o some_o other_o i_o find_v also_o that_o they_o use_v porcelan_n for_o money_n and_o weigh_v piece_n of_o gold_n for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o this_o empire_n silver_n mine_n be_v not_o find_v and_o they_o give_v in_o proportion_n one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n for_o five_o ounce_n of_o silver_n neither_o be_v it_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o country_n that_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n therefore_o the_o merchant_n make_v their_o contract_n and_o obligation_n in_o tally_n of_o wood_n the_o half_a whereof_o the_o one_o keep_v and_o the_o other_o the_o other_o half_o which_o be_v aftetwards_o pay_v and_o satisfy_v the_o say_a tally_n be_v restore_v not_o much_o unlike_o the_o custom_n of_o tally_n in_o england_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o this_o country_n the_o strange_a custom_n
handle_v the_o way_n and_o method_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v with_o such_o other_o principal_a place_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n and_o as_o a_o guide_n to_o rule_v that_o which_o be_v here_o omit_v antwerp_n account_n keep_v in_o antwerp_n and_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v what_o shall_v ensue_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o antwerp_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n flemish_a or_o gross_a which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n or_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n or_o gross_a make_v shilling_n chap._n ccccxxxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr to_o have_v in_o lion_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n of_o 3_o l._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 3486._o 1._o 9_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n must_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gross_v multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 1_o sol._n and_o 9_o penny_n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v by_o 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr the_o sum_n of_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v of_o the_o say_a liver_n reduce_v both_o they_o and_o other_o into_o three_o of_o gross_v and_o of_o the_o division_n will_v come_v crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crow_n 6895._o 11._o 1._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n deliver_v in_o antwerp_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n do_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la gros_n 124½_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n one_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 363._o 10._o 3._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o placentia_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gros_n multiply_v the_o sum_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o s._n and_o 3_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v the_o gross_v that_o come_v thereof_o by_o the_o say_v gros_n 124½_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n bring_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o into_o half_n gross_v and_o by_o division_n it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o penny_n and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 700._o 14._o 11_o of_o mark_n which_o will_v be_v due_a at_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n or_o pound_n in_o gross_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o placentia_n shall_v exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxviii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n anntwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 112½_n gross_a to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n do_v they_o make_v and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v crow_n 1400._o 12._o 7._o of_o gold_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o florence_n for_o the_o say_a pound_n flemish_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o florence_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxix_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 92½_n gross_v to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 1468_o 14_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 3810_o 17_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n will_v be_v due_a in_o venice_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o venice_n shall_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxl._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la shilling_n 33⅓_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o pound_n sterling_a i_o demand_v for_o l._n 748_o 18_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o pound_n sterling_a shall_v i_o have_v in_o london_n first_o reduce_v as_o well_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a as_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n into_o grosse_n and_o pence_n multiply_v the_o pound_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v the_o shilling_n 18_o 6_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a and_o the_o shilling_n flemish_a 33⅓_n multiply_v by_o 12_o add_v 4_o gross_a for_o ⅓_n of_o a_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o the_o gross_a which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o must_v be_v take_v for_o divisor_n against_o the_o sum_n of_o gross_v come_v of_o the_o say_a pound_n and_o divide_v the_o sum_n will_v come_v pound_n sterling_a multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o shilling_n and_o penny_n sterling_a they_o will_v make_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o due_a in_o london_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n 748_o 18_o 6._o proof_n proof_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o say_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o by_o 1_o l._n 13_o shilling_n 4_o d._n with_o the_o say_a 33⅓_n shilling_n and_o it_o will_v make_v the_o abovesaid_a l._n 748_o 18_o 5_o pound_n flemish_n so_o that_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v just_o cast_v up_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v here_o of_o exchange_n now_o to_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxli_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n observe_v in_o antwerp_n and_o to_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o other_o city_n be_v to_o venice_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o two_o month_n after_o date_n and_o back_o the_o same_o to_o genoa_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o the_o same_o to_o avignon_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 50_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n one_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o back_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n to_o london_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n 20_o day_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o succeed_a fair._n to_o placentia_n for_o the_o next_o succeed_a fair._n to_o roven_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o now_o for_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v in_o antwerp_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v a_o word_n also_o according_a to_o my_o method_n chap._n ccccxlii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v say_v i_o will_v insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o the_o city_n of_o antwerp_n example_n 1_o example_n at_o venice_n then_o be_v find_v a_o exchange_n for_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la at_o gross_n 90_o and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135_o order_n be_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v to_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n i_o demand_v at_o how_o much_o will_v come_v the_o remittance_n from_o antwerp_n to_o placentia_n first_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v ducat_n 135_o the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n at_o the_o say_a
manner_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n who_o notwithstanding_o shall_v be_v sure_a in_o the_o end_n to_o have_v the_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o prevent_v not_o such_o unthrifty_a course_n as_o do_v impoverish_v his_o subject_n chap._n viii_o the_o enhance_a or_o debase_v our_o money_n can_v enrich_v the_o kingdom_n with_o treasure_n nor_o hinder_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v common_o alter_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o coin_n in_o their_o several_a denomination_n be_v make_v currant_n at_o more_o or_o less_o pound_n shilling_n or_o penny_n than_o former_o the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v alter_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o yet_o continue_v currant_n at_o the_o former_a rate_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o standard_n be_v either_o debase_v or_o enrich_v in_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o the_o money_n continue_v in_o their_o former_a value_v in_o all_o occasion_n of_o want_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o do_v ever_o find_v divers_a man_n who_o use_v their_o wit_n for_o a_o remedy_n to_o supply_v the_o first_o and_o preserve_v the_o last_o they_o fall_v present_o upon_o alter_v the_o money_n for_o say_v they_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o value_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n from_o divers_a place_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o the_o debase_v of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o fineness_n or_o weight_n will_v keep_v it_o here_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o these_o man_n please_v themselves_o with_o the_o begin_n only_o of_o this_o weighty_a business_n consider_v not_o the_o progress_n and_o end_n thereof_o whereunto_o we_o ought_v especial_o to_o direct_v our_o thought_n and_o endeavour_n spain_n a_o notable_a service_n for_o spain_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o money_n be_v not_o only_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o our_o foreign_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v just_a and_o constant_a to_o avoid_v those_o confusion_n which_o ever_o accompany_v such_o alteration_n for_o first_o at_o home_o if_o the_o common_a measure_n be_v change_v our_o land_n lease_n ware_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a must_v alter_v in_o proportion_n and_o although_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o much_o trouble_n and_o damage_n also_o to_o some_o man_n yet_o in_o short_a time_n this_o must_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o denomination_n of_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n which_o be_v respect_v but_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o our_o coin_n unto_o which_o we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o add_v any_o further_a estimation_n or_o worth_n if_o it_o lay_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v it_o for_o this_o will_v be_v a_o special_a service_n to_o spain_n and_o a_o act_n against_o ourselves_o to_o endear_v the_o commodity_n of_o another_o prince_n mean_n money_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o our_o other_o mean_n neither_o can_v these_o course_n which_o so_o much_o hurt_v the_o subject_n any_o way_n help_v the_o king_n as_o some_o man_n have_v imagine_v for_o although_o the_o debase_v or_o lightning_n of_o all_o our_o money_n shall_v bring_v a_o present_a benefit_n for_o once_o only_o to_o the_o mint_n yet_o all_o this_o and_o more_o will_v soon_o be_v lose_v again_o in_o the_o future_a great_a incom_n of_o his_o majesty_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o must_v be_v pay_v yearly_o with_o money_n of_o less_o intrinsic_a value_n than_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o whole_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n they_o differ_v infinite_o for_o all_o man_n estate_n be_v it_o lease_n land_n debt_n ware_n or_o money_n must_v suffer_v in_o their_o proportion_n whereas_o his_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o gain_n only_o upon_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n as_o may_v be_v new_o coin_v which_o in_o comparison_n will_v prove_v a_o very_a small_a matter_n pound_n all_o the_o ready_a money_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v esteem_v at_o little_a more_o than_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n for_o although_o they_o who_o have_v other_o estate_n in_o money_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a number_n and_o to_o be_v worth_a five_o or_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la man_n more_o or_o less_o which_o amount_v to_o many_o million_o in_o all_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o possess_v thereof_o all_o together_o or_o at_o once_o for_o it_o be_v vanity_n and_o against_o their_o profit_n to_o keep_v continual_o in_o their_o hand_n above_o forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n in_o a_o family_n to_o defray_v necessary_a charge_n the_o rest_n must_v ever_o run_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n for_o their_o benefit_n whereby_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o a_o little_a money_n be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n do_v rule_n and_o distribute_v great_a matter_n daily_o to_o all_o man_n in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o we_o must_v know_v likewise_o that_o much_o of_o our_o old_a money_n be_v wear_v light_n and_o therefore_o will_v yield_v little_a or_o no_o profit_n at_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o gain_n upon_o the_o heavy_a will_v cause_v our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n to_o carry_v over_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o and_o return_v it_o present_o in_o piece_n of_o the_o new_a stamp_n nor_o do_v we_o doubt_v that_o some_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n will_v turn_v coiner_n and_o venture_v a_o hang_n for_o this_o profit_n so_o that_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o end_n shall_v get_v little_a by_o such_o alteration_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n if_o his_o majesty_n raise_v the_o money_n great_a store_n of_o treasure_n will_v also_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mint_n from_o foreign_a part_n for_o we_o have_v see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o late_a raise_n of_o our_o gold_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v bring_v in_o great_a store_n thereof_o more_o than_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o which_o as_o i_o can_v deny_v so_o do_v i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o this_o gold_n carry_v away_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o silver_n which_o be_v not_o overworn_a or_o too_o light_a as_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v by_o the_o present_a use_n of_o our_o money_n in_o their_o respective_a quality_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o change_n be_v because_o our_o silver_n be_v not_o raise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o gold_n which_o still_o give_v advantage_n to_o the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v yearly_o gain_n by_o trade_n in_o gold_n rather_o than_o in_o silver_n second_o if_o we_o be_v inconstant_a in_o our_o coin_n and_o and_o thereby_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o foreign_a commerce_n other_o prince_n be_v vigilant_a in_o these_o case_n to_o alter_v present_o in_o proportion_n with_o we_o and_o then_o where_o be_v our_o hope_n or_o if_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v what_o can_v we_o hope_v for_o for_o if_o the_o stranger-merchant_n bring_v in_o his_o ware_n and_o find_v that_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v shall_v not_o he_o likewise_o keep_v his_o commodity_n until_o he_o may_v sell_v they_o dear_a and_o shall_v not_o the_o price_n of_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n with_o foreign_a country_n rise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v undoubted_o true_a why_o may_v not_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o and_o to_o as_o much_o profit_n after_o the_o raise_n thereof_o as_o before_o the_o alteration_n but_o peradventure_o some_o man_n will_v yet_o say_v that_o if_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v and_o other_o country_n raise_v not_o it_o will_v cause_v more_o bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o than_o heretofore_o if_o this_o be_v do_v it_o must_v be_v perform_v either_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o have_v export_v ware_n or_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o intend_v to_o buy_v off_o our_o commodity_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v have_v more_o advantage_n or_o benefit_n by_o this_o art_n now_o than_o they_o may_v have_v have_v before_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o mony_n for_o if_o their_o say_a bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o former_o in_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n yet_o what_o shall_v they_o get_v by_o that_o when_o these_o money_n be_v base_a or_o light_a and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v rise_v in_o proportion_n so_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o these_o innovation_n be_v no_o good_a mean_n to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o yet_o to_o keep_v it_o here_o when_o we_o have_v it_o chap._n ix_o a_o toleration_n for_o foreign_a coin_n to_o pass_v currant_n
there_o likewise_o a_o necessity_n that_o the_o same_o be_v true_o learned_a and_o know_v and_o also_o the_o commodity_n upon_o which_o the_o same_o be_v so_o impose_v lest_o otherwise_o the_o trader_n make_v a_o short_a reckon_n in_o his_o account_n and_o find_v this_o impost_n to_o deceive_v he_o of_o his_o expect_a and_o hope_v for_o gain_v know_v fee_n to_o officer_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o know_v to_o conclude_v neither_o be_v these_o duty_n thus_o to_o be_v only_o learn_v and_o due_o satisfy_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o usance_n of_o every_o city_n and_o country_n but_o also_o all_o such_o appurtenance_n as_o belong_v thereunto_o in_o the_o pass_n of_o all_o good_n in_o the_o say_a office_n and_o custom-house_n as_o in_o bill_n of_o entry_n cocket_n certificate_n pass_v of_o bond_n and_o all_o fee_n thereunto_o appertain_v and_o thereupon_o depend_v as_o to_o waiter_n searcher_n clerk_n visitor_n and_o such_o like_a be_v also_o know_v and_o satisfy_v the_o better_a to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n and_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v by_o the_o default_n thereof_o to_o the_o good_n whereupon_o the_o same_o be_v liable_a these_o custom_n then_o and_o imposition_n thus_o vary_v by_o time_n place_n and_o circumstance_n and_o impose_v alter_v and_o change_v oftentimes_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o any_o one_o hand_n to_o be_v punctual_o know_v in_o all_o place_n therefore_o it_o suffice_v i_o to_o have_v give_v here_o these_o general_n rule_n and_o observation_n conduce_v both_o to_o the_o knowledge_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o discharge_n and_o payment_n thereof_o for_o the_o better_a reiglement_n of_o commerce_n in_o this_o particular_a therefore_o i_o may_v be_v hold_v excusable_a if_o i_o be_v find_v in_o this_o point_n to_o be_v defective_a in_o this_o map_n and_o so_o conclude_v herewith_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o point_n which_o be_v of_o the_o money_n and_o coin_n of_o sundry_a kingdom_n use_v in_o the_o traffic_n of_o merchandize_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o money_n and_o coin_n of_o sundry_a country_n use_v in_o general_a in_o the_o traffic_n of_o merchandise_n metal_n silver_n and_o gold_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o metal_n among_o all_o the_o diversity_n of_o metal_n which_o god_n the_o creator_n have_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o closet_n and_o concavity_n of_o the_o earth_n none_o be_v account_v more_o singular_a and_o excellent_a than_o silver_n and_o gold_n of_o which_o the_o communication_n and_o commerce_n of_o mankind_n have_v frame_v and_o invent_v the_o use_n of_o money_n and_o coin_n which_o money_n and_o coin_n may_v be_v proper_o term_v to_o be_v the_o universal_a measure_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o though_o that_o thus_o natural_o and_o original_o they_o be_v but_o metal_n and_o so_o to_o be_v in_o themselves_o account_v yet_o in_o value_n and_o estimation_n money_n and_o coin_n make_v thereof_o be_v to_o we_o as_o all_o thing_n for_o they_o be_v to_o we_o convert_v once_o to_o thâ—_n use_v as_o meat_n cloth_n house_n horse_n and_o general_o what_o other_o thing_n soever_o man_n have_v else_o need_v of_o and_o thereby_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o manifest_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v obedient_a and_o in_o subjection_n to_o money_n and_o that_o by_o this_o device_n a_o mean_a be_v find_v out_o and_o invent_v whereby_o one_o thing_n shall_v be_v to_o merchant_n as_o all_o and_o therefore_o man_n thrust_v forward_o by_o natural_a inclination_n and_o worldly_a judgement_n choose_v to_o this_o end_n and_o use_v at_o first_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v find_v most_o durable_a proper_a and_o maniable_a which_o they_o only_o observe_v best_a to_o be_v metal_n gold_n coin_n make_v of_o silver_n and_o gold_n and_o among_o all_o metal_n give_v silver_n and_o gold_n the_o pre-eminence_n in_o the_o invention_n of_o money_n which_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v thus_o observe_v to_o be_v most_o durable_a and_o incorruptible_a 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european_n do_v have_v yet_o find_v out_o some_o particular_a thing_n or_o matter_n whereto_o they_o have_v by_o a_o national_a and_o unanimous_a consent_n as_o it_o be_v attribute_v this_o power_n to_o have_v a_o main_a stroke_n in_o their_o negociation_n and_o traffic_n and_o wherein_o their_o wealth_n be_v find_v principal_o to_o consist_v tombute_n money_n of_o shell_n in_o tombute_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o africa_n they_o use_v for_o their_o small_a coin_n a_o kind_n of_o shell_n as_o current_n among_o they_o though_o their_o great_a payment_n be_v make_v either_o in_o sand_n of_o gold_n which_o they_o term_v tiburin_n or_o a_o ingot_n the_o same_o be_v the_o use_n this_o day_n also_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tombuto_n and_o other_o adjoin_a country_n massa_n of_o iron_n in_o massa_n in_o other_o place_n of_o that_o continent_n they_o use_v iron_n
0_o 10_o 4_o 2_o 7½_n 2_o 8½_n 4_o 6_o double_a stiver_n 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o 1â—_n 0_o 1â—_n 0_o 12_o cross_n dollar_n 0_o 18_o 0_o 4_o 3_o 4_o 4¾_n 2_o 0_o zealand_n dollar_n 0_o 13_o 0_o 2_o 8_o 2_o 9_o 0_o 1_o single_a milre_a of_o portugal_n 0_o 7_o 4_o 1_o 9½_n 1_o 10¼_n 1_o 0_o old_a phil._n dollar_n 1_o 2_o 0_o 5_o 0_o 5_o 2_o 0_o 1_o portugal_n testoon_n 0_o 5_o 0_o 1_o 2d_o 1_o 3â—_n 0_o 12½_n far._n dollar_n 1623._o 0_o 18_o 6_o 1_o 3¾_n 4_o 5½_n 0_o 10½_n prince_n orange_n dollar_n 1623._o 0_o 18_o 6_o 4_o 4¼_n 4_o 6_o 0_o 9½_n leopold_n dollar_n of_o 1624._o 0_o 18_o 2_o 4_o 4_o 4_o 5¼_n 0_o 10_o rodolph_n dollar_n of_o 1607._o 0_o 18_o 7_o 4_o 4½_n 4_o 6¼_n 0_o 4_o max_n emp._n dollor_n 1616._o 0_o 18_o 2_o 4_o 5¼_n 4_o 7_o 0_o 13_o danish_a dollar_n 1620._o 0_o 13_o 0_o 3_o 0â—_n 3_o 1â—_n 0_o 0½_n half_o a_o new_a french_a crown_n 0_o 8_o 18_o 2_o 2d_o 2_o 3â—_n 0_o 0½_n a_o new_a quart_n card._n 0_o 4_o 9_o 1_o 1â—_n 1_o 1â—_n 0_o 0½_n the_o â…“_n of_o a_o new_a card._n 0_o 1_o 11_o 0_o 4½_n 0_o 4½_n the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n the_o weight_n by_o troy_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n the_o value_n intrinsic_a  _fw-fr car._n gr_n  _fw-fr dw_n gr_n l._n s._n d._n l._n s._n d._n worse_a 0_o 0¼_n french_a lewes_n 8_o 14_o 1_o 8_o 7â—_n 1_o 9_o 2_o worse_a 0_o 0¼_n holland_n rider_n 6_o 10½_n 1_o 1_o 6¼_n 1_o 1_o 11_o better_a 1_o 2_o hungary_n ducket_n 2_o 6_o 0_o 8_o 0½_n 0_o 8_o 2¼_n worse_o 0_o 0½_n pistolet_n of_o spain_n 4_o 8_o 0_o 14_o 5¼_n 0_o 14_o 8½_n 2_o 0_o flemish_a alber_n 3_o 8_o 0_o 10_o 11_o 0_o 11_o 1½_n 3_o 1_o flemish_a half_a alber_n 1_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 0_o 0¼_n double_a sow_n of_o flanders_n 7_o 3½_n 1_o 3_o 10¾_n 1_o 4_o 3½_n 0_o 1¾_n italian_a pistolet_n 4_o 6_o 0_o 13_o 11½_n 0_o 14_o 2¼_n 4_o 2½_n the_o gilder_n of_o 2_o 3_o 0_o 5_o 7_o 0_o 5_o 8_o 3_o 1¾_n gilled_a matth._n emperor_n 2_o 3_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 0_o 6_o 1½_n 3_o 2¾_n 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ounce_n 412½_n gr_n the_o pound_n or_o standard_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n at_o florence_n pisa_n and_o legorn_n 5286_o gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o florence_n pisa_n and_o legorn_n 440â—_n gr_n the_o pound_n or_o standard_n at_o sienna_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n 5178_o gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o sienna_n 431½_n gr_n the_o ounce_n at_o genoa_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n 405½_n gr_n the_o turkish_a ok_v or_o oak_n at_o constantinople_n consist_v of_o four_o hundred_o silver_n dram_n 19128_o grain_n the_o silver_n dram_n general_o use_v in_o the_o great_a turk_n dominion_n as_o also_o in_o persia_n and_o in_o the_o mogul_n country_n if_o i_o be_v not_o misinform_v 47_o 41_o 50_o gr_n the_o turkish_a sultani_n or_o egyptian_a xeriff_n be_v a_o gold-coyn_n with_o which_o the_o barbary_n and_o venetian_a chequeen_n and_o norimberg_n ducat_n within_o a_o grain_n more_o or_o less_o agree_v 53½_n gr_n the_o ratel_n or_o rotulo_n for_o gold_n and_o 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in_o fineness_n in_o 24._o or_o pound_n troy_n king_n james_n by_o proclamation_n date_v at_o westminster_n 16_o nou._n 2d_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n appoint_v several_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o one_o standard_n with_o their_o weight_n according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o mint-man_n of_o both_o nation_n which_o be_v express_v in_o this_o follow_a table_n note_v that_o the_o pound_n troy_n be_v great_a than_o the_o pound_n scotch_a by_o 4_o penny_n weight_n and_o 9_o gr_n  _fw-fr english_fw-fr weight_n  _fw-fr s._n d._n peny_n with_o 20._o grain_n 24._o mite_n 20._o droit_n 24._o perot_n 20._o blank_n 24._o piece_n of_o gold_n 20_o  _fw-fr 6_o 10_o 16_o 18_o 10_o  _fw-fr 10_o  _fw-fr 3_o 5_o 8_o 9_o 5_o  _fw-fr 5_o  _fw-fr 1_o 14_o 14_o 4_o 12_o 12_o 4_o  _fw-fr 1_o 6_o 19_o 8_o 10_o  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 0_o 19_o 7_o 2_o 6_o 6_o piece_n of_o silver_n 5_o  _fw-fr 19_o 8_o 10_o 8_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 6_o 9_o 16_o 5_o 4_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 12_o 3_o 20_o 18_o 1_o 10_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 1_o 22_o 9_o 0_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 0_o 15_o 9_o 16_o 5_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 0_o 7_o 14_o 20_o 2_o 12_o  _fw-fr ½_n 0_o 3_o 17_o 10_o 1_o 6_o  _fw-fr scotch_a weight_n  _fw-fr deny_v grain_n 24._o prime_n 24._o second_o 24._o three_o 24._o fourths_o 24._o  _fw-fr piece_n of_o gold_n 7_o 21_o
know_v ready_o how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n in_o all_o contract_n how_o the_o one_o weight_n do_v advance_v of_o the_o other_o or_o what_o the_o one_o may_v want_v of_o the_o other_o make_v his_o account_n of_o concordancy_n allow_v or_o deduct_v where_o he_o find_v the_o discrepancy_n arise_v by_o overplus_n or_o either_o by_o a_o want_n in_o the_o one_o or_o in_o the_o other_o use_n two_o manner_n of_o weigh_v in_o use_n now_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o weigh_v in_o general_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o ever_o i_o have_v observe_v have_v be_v note_v to_o have_v be_v do_v two_o several_a way_n that_o be_v either_o by_o a_o beam_n or_o by_o a_o romant_n or_o stalier_n beam_n by_o beam_n the_o weight_n by_o beam_n i_o hold_v the_o best_a and_o just_a perform_v with_o leaden_a brass_n or_o iron_n weight_n provide_v the_o same_o beam_n be_v good_a and_o even_a both_o empty_a and_o lade_v with_o one_o equal_a weight_n and_o this_o be_v see_v to_o be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o 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experience_v conclude_v this_o point_n with_o a_o way_n and_o method_n invent_v by_o unequal_a weight_n to_o accord_v the_o weight_n of_o any_o two_o know_a place_n or_o city_n which_o brief_o be_v thus_o perform_v place_n a_o way_n to_o accord_v the_o weight_n of_o any_o two_o place_n prepare_v a_o balance_n as_o exact_o make_v as_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o very_a little_a thing_n may_v cause_v they_o to_o incline_v one_o way_n or_o other_o likewise_o prepare_v of_o the_o one_o place_n the_o just_a pound_n the_o half_a pound_n the_o ¼_n the_o ½_n the_o 1_o 16_o the_o 1_o â—8_o the_o 1_o 64_o the_o 1_o 1â—…_n and_o the_o 1_o 123_o part_n of_o that_o pound_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a until_o you_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v sufficient_a then_o take_v the_o just_a pound_n weight_n of_o the_o other_o place_n and_o put_v it_o into_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o the_o balance_n and_o in_o the_o other_o scale_n put_v such_o weight_n as_o may_v just_o counterpoise_v the_o pound_n weight_n of_o 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willing_o here_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o more_o ingenious_a chap._n vii_o of_o account_n and_o account-keeping_a in_o general_n observe_v in_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n commerce_n account_n necessary_a in_o the_o map_n of_o commerce_n all_o rational_a negotiator_n and_o trader_n in_o general_n will_v grant_v that_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v very_o imperfect_a if_o it_o shall_v want_v the_o due_a rule_n and_o observation_n whereby_o account_n be_v in_o all_o city_n of_o commerce_n order_v and_o keep_v which_o though_o find_v in_o themselves_o to_o vary_v in_o several_a kingdom_n and_o place_n as_o have_v oftentimes_o a_o dependency_n and_o sometime_o concurrency_n with_o the_o coin_n and_o money_n of_o each_o kingdom_n yet_o in_o all_o place_n they_o be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v the_o like_a agreement_n together_o country_n account_n keep_v diverse_o in_o divers_a city_n and_o country_n some_o country_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n and_o the_o denomination_n thereof_o in_o imaginary_a coin_n such_o as_o neither_o that_o country_n not_o place_n have_v either_o proper_a coin_n or_o money_n that_o have_v any_o affinity_n therewith_o as_o by_o daily_a practice_n be_v see_v use_v in_o venice_n by_o the_o ducat_n of_o lire_fw-fr 6â…“_n in_o florence_n by_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lire_fw-fr 7½_n and_o as_o in_o england_n it_o be_v use_v in_o those_o ancient_a account_n keep_v in_o some_o office_n for_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o name_n of_o mark_n of_o which_o we_o find_v not_o at_o this_o day_n any_o proper_a coin_n or_o money_n in_o use_n again_o it_o be_v see_v by_o experience_n that_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_a place_n afford_v several_a denomination_n in_o their_o
allowance_n to_o rectify_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o equality_n and_o true_a value_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v true_o see_v practise_v where_o a_o course_n of_o quiet_a traffic_n be_v settle_v between_o two_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n continue_v in_o amity_n and_o firm_a peace_n together_o but_o where_o prince_n either_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o war_n or_o accidental_a great_a disbursement_n have_v occasion_n or_o do_v use_v to_o inhanse_v the_o current_a rate_n of_o their_o money_n in_o their_o payment_n or_o decry_v they_o in_o the_o receipt_n and_o that_o money_n by_o that_o either_o casual_a or_o constant_a course_n become_v either_o more_o plentiful_a or_o more_o scarce_o than_o ordinary_a than_o these_o rule_n of_o parity_n hold_v not_o so_o just_o prince_n the_o exchanger_n rectifi_v the_o disorder_n of_o mint_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o prince_n yet_o ever_o so_o as_o have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o 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exchange_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o i_o shall_v show_v this_o true_a parr_n of_o exchange_n and_o howit_n may_v be_v find_v out_o and_o discern_v in_o all_o exchange_n experience_n have_v make_v it_o evident_a to_o all_o the_o learned_a in_o this_o art_n that_o the_o true_a royal_a exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v fair_o and_o substantial_o ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a country_n according_a to_o the_o parr_n which_o by_o banker_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n as_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v see_v in_o our_o exchange_n in_o england_n which_o have_v its_o ground_n upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a english_a money_n the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o each_o other_o country_n according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n proportionable_a in_o the_o valuation_n be_v true_o and_o just_o make_v give_v also_o thereby_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n in_o and_o for_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o money_n and_o by_o which_o all_o exchange_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v in_o themselves_o frame_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v but_o beside_o this_o real_a parr_n of_o exchange_n there_o be_v also_o a_o merchant_n parr_n which_o in_o due_a place_n i_o shall_v declare_v these_o exchange_n then_o in_o the_o general_a property_n thereof_o do_v much_o differ_v both_o in_o the_o name_n and_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o the_o silver_n observe_v in_o most_o country_n and_o that_o to_o set_v down_o the_o parr_n of_o exchange_n exact_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o our_o own_o weight_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a with_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o country_n but_o also_o the_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a standard_n with_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o several_a standard_n of_o the_o coîn_n of_o other_o country_n and_o if_o we_o be_v find_v not_o to_o differ_v with_o they_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o hereby_o shall_v we_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n of_o our_o pound_n sterling_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n germany_n low-countries_n eastland_n and_o elsewhere_o we_o be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o we_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n doller_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o imaginary_a or_o real_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_n and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o be_v call_v by_o exchanger_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o parr_n the_o which_o shall_v in_o all_o exchange_n be_v so_o particular_o know_v and_o consider_v that_o as_o money_n be_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n between_o man_n and_o man_n so_o shall_v exchange_n thus_o make_v for_o these_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a country_n for_o all_o commodity_n either_o buy_v or_o sell_v which_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v a_o certainty_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o parr_n aforesaid_a admit_v nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o advantage_n upon_o the_o farne_n upon_o good_a ground_n and_o just_a occasion_n on_o either_o side_n exchanger_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n but_o as_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v at_o this_o day_n see_v to_o be_v at_o the_o only_a and_o sole_a disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n and_o merchant_n and_o that_o the_o same_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o predominancy_n in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v observe_v especial_o beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o ought_v they_o careful_o and_o circumspect_o to_o consider_v the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o and_o not_o only_o look_v upon_o the_o present_a object_n which_o be_v to_o know_v how_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n go_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o deal_v therewith_o but_o also_o true_o to_o consider_v the_o reality_n of_o this_o parr_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o it_o self_n real_o find_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v both_o here_o in_o england_n and_o abroad_o elsewhere_o beyond_o sea_n that_o those_o who_o altogether_o do_v practice_v this_o exchange_v and_o deal_v for_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v this_o observation_n therein_o for_o they_o be_v exchanger_n indeed_o know_v perfect_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n both_o of_o our_o english_a and_o of_o foreign_a coin_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o together_o make_v thereby_o to_o themselves_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o the_o parr_n aforesaid_a wherein_o they_o be_v not_o direct_v by_o the_o current_a valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v often_o see_v to_o be_v inconstant_a and_o uncertain_a nor_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n go_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o place_n current_a above_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o mysterious_a part_n that_o be_v include_v in_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v which_o the_o merchant_n ought_v considerate_o to_o learn_v and_o distinguish_v and_o conclude_v here_o all_o further_a observation_n and_o circumstance_n practise_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n among_o merchant_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o what_o be_v here_o purposely_o omit_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o i_o have_v insert_v what_o i_o have_v conceive_v to_o be_v further_a needful_a hereunto_o the_o office_n of_o garble_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o do_v first_o give_v the_o office_n of_o garble_v all_o
on_o they_o and_o hang_v they_o up_o in_o house_n to_o dry_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o will_v else_o scorch_v it_o to_o powder_n and_o in_o a_o month_n time_n or_o long_o the_o leaf_n be_v strip_v from_o the_o stalk_n which_o be_v do_v common_o in_o moist_a weather_n and_o then_o sit_v to_o be_v pack_v in_o cask_n or_o make_v up_o into_o roll_n those_o stalk_n which_o be_v let_v grow_v for_o seed_n the_o top_n be_v not_o take_v off_o but_o let_v run_v to_o their_o full_a length_n which_o be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n and_o be_v ripe_a also_o in_o august_n the_o stalk_n of_o tobacco_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o child_n arm_n and_o in_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n may_v grow_v fifteen_o hundred_o weight_n of_o good_a tobacco_n new-england_n new-england_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o new-england_n for_o trade_n and_o every_o other_o respect_n be_v boston_n of_o late_a very_o much_o enlarge_v it_o have_v two_o meeting-house_n about_o a_o thousand_o family_n the_o build_n for_o the_o generality_n with_o timber_n a_o few_o with_o brick_n but_o most_o brick_n chimney_n a_o statehouse_n new_o erect_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a street_n charlestown_n be_v not_o much_o increase_v in_o building_n and_o have_v but_o a_o small_a trade_n salem_n much_o increase_v in_o building_n and_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fish_n there_o and_o at_o marblehead_n the_o next_o neighbour_n pescataqua_n river_n afford_v timber_n pipestave_n board_n mast_n as_o also_o fish_n from_o isle-shoal_n thrive_v much_o and_o begin_v to_o draw_v a_o trade_n these_o be_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n or_o seaport_n for_o traffic_n at_o present_a plymouth_n jurisdiction_n connectacute_n jurisdiction_n and_o all_o the_o town_n upon_o that_o river_n as_o also_o new-haven_n jurisdiction_n and_o town_n there_o afford_v little_a else_o but_o provision_n with_o which_o they_o supply_v this_o town_n of_o boston_n and_o the_o dutch_a at_o manatos_n as_o indeed_o all_o other_o island_n plantation_n and_o island_n do_v as_o martins_z vineyard_n road_n island_n long_a island_n shelter_n island_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o all_o other_o part_n and_o island_n to_o the_o eastward_o which_o be_v but_o so_o many_o scatter_a petty_a place_n where_o people_n raise_v only_a provision_n of_o which_o all_o that_o possible_o they_o can_v spare_v be_v bring_v by_o trade_n boat_n to_o beston_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n the_o governor_n as_o also_o all_o other_o magistrate_n and_o subordinate_a officer_n be_v all_o choose_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o freeman_n annual_o but_o none_o be_v make_v free_a till_o first_o he_o be_v a_o member_n of_o some_o congregational_a church_n here_o for_o their_o religion_n be_v protestantism_n indifferent_a between_o independent_a and_o presbyterian_a here_o be_v no_o toleration_n for_o anabaptist_n papist_n nor_o quaker_n nor_o any_o such_o sectary_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o sow_v sedition_n or_o disturb_v the_o peace_n but_o such_o as_o will_v sit_v down_o and_o attend_v the_o way_n of_o god_n though_o they_o join_v not_o with_o they_o may_v be_v quiet_a but_o no_o child_n be_v permit_v baptism_n except_o either_o the_o father_n or_o mother_n or_o both_o be_v a_o member_n of_o some_o congregation_n but_o now_o of_o late_a if_o the_o grandfather_n etc._n etc._n do_v present_v the_o child_n he_o be_v a_o member_n though_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v none_o it_o be_v accept_v the_o chief_a place_n for_o to_o ride_v load_n and_o unload_v be_v boston_n charlestown_n salem_n pescataqua_n where_o any_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n may_v come_v here_o be_v a_o mint_n set_v up_o a_o few_o year_n since_o and_o coin_n only_a silver_n 12_o d._n 6_o d._n 3_o d._n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o who_o bring_v many_o base_a new_a peru_n piece_n of_o eight_o which_o be_v discover_v a_o act_n be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o go_v for_o current_a payment_n so_o the_o people_n into_o who_o hand_n they_o be_v scatter_v be_v hereby_o necessitate_v to_o have_v they_o resin_a and_o so_o coin_v which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o standard_n and_o though_o there_o be_v much_o loss_n yet_o something_o be_v save_v mexico_n and_o sevil_n rial_n of_o eight_o pass_v for_o five_o shilling_n per_fw-la piece_n and_o so_o the_o small_a proportional_o in_o coinage_n they_o will_v yield_v 5_o s._n 3_o d._n if_o good_a all_o charge_n deduct_v now_o to_o carry_v out_o above_o five_o pound_n at_o a_o time_n for_o necessary_a expense_n here_o be_v no_o rise_n nor_o fall_v of_o money_n if_o bullion_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o coin_v it_o will_v turn_v to_o account_v and_o purchase_v the_o good_n of_o the_o country_n soon_o than_o good_n and_o cheap_a account_n be_v keep_v by_o merchant_n such_o as_o can_v do_v it_o according_a to_o the_o italian_a manner_n and_o express_v their_o money_n by_o pound_n shilling_n penny_n interest_n be_v set_v by_o law_n not_o to_o exceee_v eight_o per_fw-la cent_n per_fw-la ann_n our_o weight_n be_v according_a to_o the_o english_a 112_o to_o the_o hundred_o averdupois_n sixteen_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n silk_n silver_n troy_n weight_n the_o dry_a measure_n for_o corn_n salt_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o the_o winchester_n bushel_n strike_v coal_n apple_n onion_n etc._n etc._n heap_v a_o boad_n and_o shoe_n all_o one_o measure_n wine_n oil_n and_o all_o liquid_a measure_n by_o the_o gallon_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v ell_n of_o 45_o inch_n and_o yard_n of_o 36_o inch_n as_o in_o england_n they_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v so_o high_a as_o to_o transport_v manufacture_n of_o their_o own_o for_o they_o can_v supply_v themselves_o the_o commodity_n export_v be_v fish_n beef_n pork_n biscuit_n flour_n some_o corn_n sometime_o beaver_n musk-skin_n otter-skin_n pipestave_n board_n mast_n all_o sort_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v vend_v here_o if_o such_o as_o the_o country_n afford_v will_v purchase_v they_o with_o the_o commodity_n above_o express_v and_o they_o be_v still_o clothe_v with_o english_a drapery_n for_o the_o colour_n the_o new_a be_v now_o best_a in_o request_n for_o the_o quantity_n all_o sort_n of_o course_n and_o fine_a linen_n and_o woollen_a shoe_n stocking_n thread_n button_n and_o pedlery_n ware_n silk_n ribond_n lace_n pewter_n lead_v shot_n powder_n small_a artillery_n malt_n wine_n strong-water_n oil_n fruit_n salt_n etc._n etc._n for_o take_v notice_n we_o as_o other_o plantation_n want_v almost_o every_o thing_n but_o the_o particular_n above_o express_v i_o think_v scarce_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n do_v suffice_v per_fw-la annum_fw-la the_o english_a in_o these_o part_n here_o be_v as_o yet_o no_o society_n begin_v to_o encourage_v trade_n and_o the_o encouragement_n to_o manusacture_n will_v be_v of_o necessity_n as_o people_n grow_v numerous_a monopoly_n here_o be_v none_o only_o the_o trade_n with_o the_o indian_n for_o poultry_n be_v commit_v to_o a_o few_o nothing_o prohibit_v but_o provision_n which_o be_v forfeit_v if_o it_o be_v land_v without_o licence_n for_o custom_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v none_o upon_o any_o commodity_n from_o any_o part_n bring_v in_o by_o inhabitant_n or_o stranger_n either_o for_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o aught_o only_o upon_o wine_n and_o strong-water_n which_o pay_v importation_n canary_n malago_n and_o sherry_n ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la butt_n madera_n lisbon_n and_o greek_n six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n per_fw-la pipe_n fial_n five_o shilling_n per_fw-la pipe_n all_o strong-water_n forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la tun_n to_o make_v entry_n of_o they_o before_o land_v or_o else_o forfeit_v consolage_n none_o factorage_n from_o five_o to_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o sale_n and_o return_n no_o rate_n set_v but_o as_o the_o principal_a and_o factor_n agree_v other_o charge_n be_v boat-hire_n wharsage_n porterage_n and_o warehouse_n room_n for_o tret_n allowance_n or_o overplus_n etc._n etc._n be_v none_o allow_v here_o yet_o only_a custom_n have_v creep_v upon_o we_o in_o the_o sale_n of_o sugar_n to_o allow_v for_o tare_n of_o the_o cask_n as_o it_o be_v in_o london_n the_o most_o of_o our_o negotiation_n for_o want_n of_o money_n be_v in_o a_o way_n of_o barter_v and_o do_v agree_v in_o what_o commodity_n to_o pay_v and_o at_o what_o rate_n and_o time_n little_a ship_n here_o but_o small_a cross_v from_o twenty_o to_o eighty_o and_o a_o hundred_o tun_n and_o most_o catch_n employ_v to_o the_o western_a island_n madara_n virginia_n and_o caribbe_n island_n few_o or_o no_o nation_n but_o our_o own_o frequent_a here_o the_o chief_a fish_n be_v make_v dry_a dry_v cod_n or_o poor_a jack_n which_o be_v take_v by_o hook_n and_o line_n in_o shallop_n the_o season_v the_o spring_n and_o fall_v the_o time_n for_o lade_n the_o spring_n fish_n which_o be_v the_o best_a be_v in_o june_n the_o fall_v fish_n in_o october_n
the_o five_o arguer_n the_o six_o be_v alcase_a near_o to_o which_o the_o three_o king_n sebastian_z of_o portugal_n mahomet_n of_o fez_n and_o abdelmelech_n of_o morocco_n competitor_n for_o this_o kingdom_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o day_n together_o with_o many_o other_o of_o eminent_a quality_n and_o stuckley_n that_o famous_a infamous_a english_a rebel_n in_o an._n 1578._o and_o seven_o fez_n the_o metropolis_n which_o for_o its_o greatness_n merit_v a_o more_o serious_a consideration_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o city_n fez_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o city_n of_o fez_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o city_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o fez_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n as_o writer_n record_v that_o be_v find_v in_o dig_v the_o foundation_n thereof_o it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o goodly_a building_n both_o public_a and_o private_a it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o river_n sabu_n into_o three_o part_n contain_v in_o all_o 82000_o household_n have_v 700_o mosch_n or_o temple_n 50_o of_o they_o be_v adorn_v with_o pillar_n of_o alabaster_n and_o jasper_n and_o one_o seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n call_v carucen_n be_v the_o most_o sumptuous_a contain_v a_o mile_n in_o compass_n in_o breadth_n cantain_v 17_o arch_n in_o length_n 120_o and_o bear_v up_o by_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o white_a marble_n pillar_n under_o the_o chief_a arch_n where_o the_o tribunal_n be_v keep_v hang_v a_o most_o huge_a lamp_n of_o silver_n encompass_v with_o 110_o lesser_a under_o every_o the_o other_o arch_n hang_v also_o very_o great_a lamp_n in_o each_o of_o which_o burn_v 150_o light_n it_o have_v 31_o gate_n great_a and_o high_a the_o roof_n be_v 150_o yard_n long_o and_o 80_o yard_n broad_a and_o round_o about_o be_v divers_a porch_n contain_v 40_o yard_n in_o length_n and_o 30_o in_o breadth_n under_o which_o be_v the_o public_a storehouse_n of_o the_o town_n about_o the_o wall_n be_v pulpit_n of_o divers_a sort_n wherein_o the_o master_n of_o their_o law_n read_v to_o the_o people_n such_o thing_n as_o they_o imagine_v appertain_v to_o their_o salvation_n the_o revenue_n thereof_o in_o anno_fw-la 1526_o be_v 200_o ducat_n a_o day_n of_o old_a rent_n account_v 100_o l._n sterling_a until_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o many_o merchant_n of_o divers_a nation_n resort_v hither_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o public_a meeting-place_n for_o their_o commerce_n and_o lodging_n for_o their_o residence_n be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o court_n or_o exchange_n enclose_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n with_o 12_o gate_n and_o limit_v with_o 15_o street_n for_o several_a nation_n to_o meet_v for_o their_o business_n and_o for_o the_o lay_n up_o of_o their_o commodity_n and_o every_o night_n for_o security_n of_o their_o good_n and_o person_n the_o same_o be_v keep_v guard_v at_o the_o city_n charge_n resemble_v the_o besisten_v or_o cane_n now_o in_o use_n in_o turkey_n and_o other_o southern_a country_n there_o be_v here_o also_o divers_a college_n where_o the_o science_n be_v teach_v among_o which_o madorac_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o account_v for_o one_o of_o the_o excellent_a piece_n for_o workmanship_n in_o all_o barbary_n it_o have_v three_o cloister_n of_o admirable_a beauty_n support_v with_o eight_o square_n pillar_n of_o divers_a colour_n the_o roof_n curious_o carve_v and_o the_o arch_n of_o mosaique_n of_o gold_n and_o azure_a the_o gate_n be_v of_o brass_n fair_a wrought_v and_o the_o door_n of_o the_o private_a chamber_n of_o in-laid_a work_n it_o be_v record_v that_o this_o college_n do_v cost_v the_o founder_n king_n abuchenen_n 480_o thousand_o sultany_n in_o gold_n which_o be_v in_o english_a money_n 192_o thousand_o pound_n which_o will_v hardly_o in_o these_o day_n be_v it_o now_o to_o be_v build_v perform_v the_o twenty_o part_n thereof_o and_o this_o be_v not_o above_o 150_o year_n past_a and_o about_o that_o time_n henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n do_v build_v that_o sumptuous_a chapel_n in_o westminster_n which_o as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v do_v in_o those_o day_n coâ—_n 7448_o l._n and_o let_v it_o be_v judge_v by_o artist_n how_o much_o more_o will_v build_v the_o fellow_n of_o it_o in_o these_o our_o day_n they_o have_v also_o here_o for_o the_o commodity_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o citizen_n 600_o conduit_n from_o whence_o almost_o every_o house_n be_v serve_v with_o water_n beside_o what_o go_v to_o their_o religious_a use_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o their_o temple_n and_o mosch_n but_o i_o have_v stay_v too_o long_o in_o survey_v this_o city_n i_o will_v now_o see_v what_o commodity_n and_o merchandise_n this_o kingdom_n afford_v fez_n commodity_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n the_o commodity_n find_v in_o general_a as_o well_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n as_o of_o morocco_n and_o find_v transportable_a for_o merchandise_n be_v fruit_n of_o all_o kind_n such_o as_o be_v principal_o of_o date_n almond_n fig_n raisin_n olive_n also_o honey_n wax_n gold_n and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o hide_n and_o skin_n especial_o that_o excellent_a sort_n of_o cordovant_n from_o this_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n call_v maroquins_n famous_v throughout_o spain_n france_n and_o italy_n also_o corn_n horse_n wool_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v observe_v of_o late_a day_n to_o make_v some_o cloth_n here_o be_v find_v also_o for_o merchandise_n fabricate_v here_o some_o sort_n of_o stuff_n of_o silk_n as_o satin_n taffeta_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o linen_n much_o in_o use_n in_o this_o country_n make_v partly_o of_o cotton_n and_o partly_o of_o flax_n and_o divers_a other_o commodity_n morocco_n money_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o general_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n be_v the_o xeriff_n or_o ducat_n in_o gold_n derive_v the_o name_n thereof_o from_o the_o xeriff_n who_o within_o these_o few_o year_n make_v conquest_n of_o these_o kingdom_n under_o pretext_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o be_v account_v to_o be_v about_o ten_o shilling_n sterling_a money_n divide_v into_o 8_o part_n and_o esteem_v â…›_n each_o part_n which_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n in_o 15_o d._n sterling_a morocco_n account_n in_o fez_n and_o morocco_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o these_o place_n by_o ducat_n or_o old_a xeriff_n now_o almost_o out_o of_o use_n divide_v into_o 8_o part_n account_v in_o common_a value_n but_o 12_o d._n every_o â…›_n though_o worth_n more_o as_o above_o be_v declare_v fez_n weight_n in_o fez_n their_o weight_n here_o be_v two_o one_o use_v in_o all_o ordinary_a commodity_n which_o be_v the_o rorolo_n contain_v ounce_n or_o dram_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o observation_n that_o the_o 100_o l._n averdupois_n london_n have_v make_v here_o 64_o rotolos_n and_o 100_o rotolos_n be_v here_o a_o cantar_n the_o second_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o mitigal_a use_v in_o the_o weigh_v of_o silver_n gold_n pearl_n musk_n and_o the_o like_a agree_v with_o the_o mitigal_a use_v in_o argier_n and_o tunis_n speak_v of_o before_o fez_n measure_n in_o fez_n the_o common_a measure_n for_o length_n be_v here_o the_o covado_n 12_o whereof_o be_v account_v to_o a_o cane_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o barbary_n merchant_n hither_o trade_v that_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n make_v here_o about_o 181_o or_o 182_o covadoe_n morocco_n custom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n the_o custom_n of_o fez_n and_o morocco_n be_v pay_v at_o the_o entrance_n thereinto_o as_o be_v likewise_o due_a at_o the_o entrance_n of_o any_o other_o the_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o be_v by_o the_o subject_n native_n upon_o all_o commodity_n pay_v two_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o by_o all_o stranger_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o collect_v for_o what_o be_v sell_v or_o land_v without_o leave_n for_o exportation_n again_o if_o once_o land_v which_o cause_v divers_a of_o our_o merchant_n bind_v for_o those_o part_n to_o make_v their_o ship_n their_o shop_n and_o consequent_o land_n so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o they_o imagine_v their_o market_n will_v vend_fw-mi and_o no_o more_o but_o because_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n obey_v the_o same_o rule_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n i_o will_v speak_v a_o word_n of_o that_o place_n likewise_o and_o then_o survey_v the_o trade_n of_o they_o both_o together_o as_o they_o be_v know_v now_o to_o we_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o though_o indeed_o different_a kingdom_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_z and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o morocco_z and_o the_o province_n thereof_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n once_o of_o great_a splendour_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o six_o province_n the_o first_o tangovista_n have_v a_o town_n also_o of_o that_o
name_n fisidet_fw-la be_v the_o second_o which_o give_v name_n likewise_o to_o a_o province_n the_o three_o be_v massa_n the_o principal_a of_o a_o province_n abound_v in_o amber_n alarach_n be_v the_o four_o fortify_v and_o keep_v by_o the_o only_a garrison_n of_o this_o country_n the_o five_o be_v taradant_n in_o time_n past_o the_o second_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o principal_a for_o traffic_n ruin_v by_o the_o late_a war_n whereunto_o yet_o the_o resort_n be_v common_o make_v by_o many_o english_a and_o french_a for_o commerce_n the_o six_o and_o last_o be_v morocco_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o a_o word_n according_a to_o my_o intend_a method_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o city_n morocco_z and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o city_n of_o morocco_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o morocco_z be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v account_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o barbary_n as_o once_o contain_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o household_n but_o now_o inferior_a to_o fez_n in_o beauty_n spaciousness_n and_o populousness_n it_o be_v strong_o wall_v about_o and_o within_o adorn_v with_o many_o private_a and_o public_a edifice_n the_o chief_a be_v the_o castle_n or_o arsenal_n and_o the_o church_n or_o mosch_n one_o whereof_o be_v big_a though_o not_o so_o beautiful_a as_o that_o of_o fez_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n and_o build_v by_o hali_n their_o king_n augment_v 50_o fathom_n in_o spaciousness_n by_o abdullmumen_n and_o mansor_n his_o son_n with_o many_o exquisite_a pillar_n bring_v from_o spain_n he_o also_o cover_v the_o same_o with_o lead_n and_o make_v a_o cistern_n of_o the_o same_o greatness_n as_o this_o temple_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o rain-water_n that_o come_v therefrom_o beside_o which_o he_o make_v therein_o a_o tower_n of_o masonry_n in_o form_n of_o the_o roman_a colossus_n equal_a in_o height_n to_o the_o famous_a tower_n in_o bolonia_n which_o be_v ascend_v the_o hill_n of_o asaffi_n be_v 130_o mile_n distant_a may_v be_v easy_o discern_v the_o castle_n be_v also_o very_o large_a and_o strong_a of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o reasonable_a town_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v a_o temple_n which_o have_v a_o tower_n whereon_o be_v fix_v a_o spindle_n of_o iron_n pass_v through_o three_o great_a round_a globe_n make_v of_o pure_a gold_n and_o weigh_v 130_o thousand_o barbary_n ducat_n which_o be_v 58500_o l._n sterling_a which_o divers_a king_n have_v go_v about_o to_o take_v down_o and_o convert_v into_o money_n but_o have_v all_o desist_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o strange_a misfortune_n that_o have_v be_v inflict_v on_o they_o so_o that_o the_o common_a people_n imagine_v they_o be_v keep_v by_o a_o guard_n of_o spirit_n they_o have_v here_o also_o a_o burse_n for_o merchant_n which_o be_v now_o take_v up_o by_o artisan_n the_o late_a civil_a war_n have_v eclipse_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o famous_a trade_n that_o be_v seat_v in_o this_o country_n which_o in_o its_o former_a splendour_n be_v find_v to_o have_v several_a street_n for_o several_a artsman_n and_o no_o one_o artsman_n permit_v to_o make_v his_o abide_n but_o among_o those_o of_o his_o own_o profession_n morocco_n commodity_n of_o morocco_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n speak_v of_o before_o save_v that_o the_o same_o abound_v more_o in_o sugar_n especial_o in_o taradant_n where_o divers_a merchant_n be_v find_v to_o reside_v purposely_o for_o that_o commodity_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v export_v into_o other_o region_n morocco_n coin_n of_o morocco_n the_o coin_n current_n be_v also_o the_o xeriff_n common_a with_o fez_n and_o all_o these_o part_n of_o barbary_n and_o by_o some_o call_v the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n have_v eight_o division_n or_o part_n esteem_v to_o be_v about_o nine_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n sterling_a each_o â…›_n worth_a fourteen_o penny_n sterling_a morocco_n weight_n of_o morocco_n they_o be_v find_v here_o to_o have_v two_o several_a quintal_n one_o that_o do_v accord_n with_o the_o quintal_n of_o fez_n specify_v former_o and_o the_o other_o which_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o quintal_n of_o sevil_n which_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o ensue_a tract_n and_o there_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v how_o the_o same_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o london_n and_o other_o place_n beside_o which_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o sundry_a commodity_n be_v weigh_v by_o this_o quintal_n yet_o comprehend_v more_o or_o less_o rotolos_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o sale_n of_o that_o commodity_n which_o the_o merchant_n must_v learn_v to_o know_v morocco_n measure_v of_o morocco_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n here_o be_v also_o covado_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o fez_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o chapter_n before_o touch_v morocco_n custom_n of_o morocco_n the_o custom_n of_o morocco_n be_v the_o same_o as_o specify_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fez_n at_o the_o entrado_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_n by_o the_o subject_a and_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n by_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n merchant_n barbary_n merchant_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n have_v give_v a_o period_n to_o that_o famous_a traffic_n here_o maintain_v by_o the_o barbary_n merchant_n of_o london_n which_o from_o this_o kingdom_n have_v its_o original_n and_o which_o flourish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o faction_n dissension_n and_o band_v for_o this_o kingdom_n and_o fez_n overthrow_v that_o company_n company_n the_o original_a of_o the_o turkey_n and_o east-india_n company_n from_o who_o ash_n and_o dissolution_n arise_v the_o society_n of_o merchant_n trade_v into_o the_o levant_n sea_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o turkey_n company_n which_o now_o we_o find_v to_o be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o without_o comparison_n it_o be_v the_o most_o flourish_a and_o most_o beneficial_a company_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o any_o in_o england_n of_o all_o other_o whatsoever_o into_o who_o patent_n be_v at_o first_o insert_v the_o eastern-indy_n as_o only_o proper_a to_o their_o navigation_n which_o within_o few_o year_n after_o be_v by_o way_n of_o turkey_n better_o discover_v and_o gather_v thereby_o new_a strength_n it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o king_n james_n reign_n incorporate_v a_o society_n by_o itself_o and_o for_o encouragement_n to_o adventurer_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o voyage_n and_o of_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o danger_n incident_a thereto_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o profession_n soever_o may_v be_v adventurer_n therein_o and_o be_v admit_v thereunto_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o turkey_n and_o say_v barbary_n company_n and_o of_o all_o other_o society_n of_o merchant_n who_o admit_v not_o any_o to_o be_v a_o member_n thereof_o but_o such_o as_o be_v mere_a merchant_n and_o none_o other_o barbary_n the_o trade_n general_a of_o barbary_n the_o trade_n of_o these_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o discontent_n be_v almost_o come_v now_o to_o nothing_o every_o town_n and_o province_n for_o the_o most_o part_n acknowledge_v a_o several_a sovereign_n and_o where_o peace_n and_o unity_n be_v want_v trade_n must_v decay_v some_o good_a port_n these_o two_o kingdom_n be_v find_v to_o enjoy_v for_o traffic_n as_o tituan_n within_o the_o strait_n tangier_n and_o ceuta_n at_o the_o strait_n mouth_n larache_fw-la maxinara_n sali_n the_o old_a and_o new_a a_o second_o argier_n and_o sure_a receptacle_n for_o pirate_n late_o reduce_v to_o better_a conformity_n with_o the_o english_a subject_n by_o the_o valour_n of_o some_o english_a under_o the_o fortunate_a and_o happy_a conduct_n of_o captain_n william_n rainsborough_n to_o who_o worth_n powe_n this_o particular_a remembrance_n assasse_o mogador_n and_o santa_fw-it crux_fw-la with_o some_o other_o and_o last_o taradant_a the_o only_a mart_n of_o all_o these_o country_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o sens_n taradant_n taradant_n in_o a_o spacious_a plain_n between_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n and_o the_o sea_n abound_v with_o sugar_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o provision_n the_o good_a regard_n and_o continual_a abode_n that_o mahomet_n xeriffe_n one_o of_o their_o late_a sovereign_n make_v in_o this_o place_n have_v great_o augment_v and_o ennoble_v this_o town_n the_o observation_n upon_o the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o i_o be_o constrain_v by_o reason_n of_o my_o ignorance_n to_o refer_v to_o another_o hand_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o numidia_n and_o lybia_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o lybia_n of_o numidia_n and_o lybia_n numidia_n have_v on_o the_o east_n egypt_n on_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n atlas_n on_o the_o south_n libya_n it_o will_v not_o be_v material_a to_o relate_v the_o province_n for_o in_o they_o be_v find_v but_o few_o town_n by_o reason_n
fraudulent_a trick_n for_o they_o come_v to_o anchor_v together_o with_o the_o english_a to_o sell_v their_o commodity_n and_o find_v that_o the_o english_a vend_v more_o ware_n and_o have_v a_o large_a traffic_n by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o native_a merchant_n from_o ashore_o with_o these_o tolkens_n abovementioned_a than_o they_o have_v hire_v these_o pilot_n boat-man_n and_o tolkens_n that_o be_v thus_o employ_v to_o carry_v their_o passenger_n and_o merchant_n aboard_o underhand_o to_o carry_v they_o aboard_o their_o dutch_a ship_n and_o not_o aboard_o the_o english_a and_o so_o to_o trade_v with_o they_o only_o which_o the_o english_a at_o last_o perceive_v and_o smell_v out_o their_o craft_n be_v by_o the_o same_o craft_n compel_v to_o prevent_v the_o same_o so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o one_o outvying_a the_o other_o these_o fellow_n for_o their_o good_a will_n and_o brokage_n have_v by_o this_o mean_v draw_v the_o duty_n or_o rather_o courtesy_n of_o dachia_n to_o 6_o in_o 7_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o all_o trader_n upon_o this_o coast_n but_o this_o rest_v not_o here_o for_o this_o deal_n draw_v on_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o their_o trade_n for_o when_o the_o fleming_n have_v first_o be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o ill_a custom_n or_o courtesy_n of_o dachio_n to_o these_o boat-man_n and_o tolkens_n which_o necessary_o be_v by_o all_o succeed_a european_a merchant_n to_o be_v imitate_v or_o their_o voyage_n lose_v and_o their_o commodity_n remain_v unsold_a it_o be_v find_v that_o many_o merchant_n moor_n inland-man_n come_v to_o the_o seaside_n to_o buy_v ware_n of_o they_o bring_v great_a store_n of_o gold_n with_o they_o for_o traffic_n and_o have_v divers_a slave_n some_o 20_o some_o 30_o and_o some_o more_o according_a to_o their_o mean_n and_o trade_n to_o carry_v back_o those_o ware_n they_o have_v thus_o buy_v on_o shipboard_n and_o these_o moorish_a merchant_n take_v their_o lodging_n in_o the_o house_n of_o these_o tolkens_n and_o use_v to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o their_o full_a commission_n and_o intent_n and_o then_o receive_v of_o they_o their_o gold_n repair_v aboard_o the_o ship_n to_o trade_n and_o barter_n and_o if_o the_o moorish_a merchant_n be_v not_o skill_v in_o the_o portugal_n tongue_n those_o tolkens_n will_v present_o tell_v the_o fleming_n and_o desire_v they_o not_o to_o speak_v morisco_n to_o they_o because_o their_o merchant_n be_v such_o as_o dwell_v far_o within_o the_o land_n thereby_o give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o they_o mean_v by_o this_o watchword_n to_o deceive_v he_o and_o afterward_o to_o share_v those_o so_o ill-gotten_a purchase_n among_o they_o and_o it_o do_v nor_o do_v it_o seldom_o fall_v out_o but_o that_o the_o merchant_n moor_n not_o accustom_v to_o the_o sea_n lie_v seasick_a aboard_o all_o the_o while_n the_o knavish_a tolken_n make_v his_o bargain_n for_o he_o with_o the_o crafty_a dutch_a connive_v at_o the_o fleming_n great_a inhanse_v price_n of_o his_o commodity_n to_o draw_v the_o great_a gain_n and_o more_o gold_n from_o the_o moor_n who_o sometime_o he_o cozen_v by_o steal_v some_o of_o his_o gold_n and_o put_v it_o into_o his_o mouth_n ear_n or_o otherwise_o which_o the_o moor_n find_v by_o the_o scale_n and_o weight_n to_o want_v add_v some_o more_o knavery_n thereto_o by_o blow_v into_o the_o christian_n scale_n and_o balance_n to_o make_v it_o weight_n and_o when_o all_o these_o his_o intend_a bargain_n be_v finish_v and_o the_o moor_n again_o land_v the_o tolkens_n and_o boatsman_n return_v again_o aboard_o to_o divide_v the_o cozen_a profit_n and_o ill-gotten_a gain_n between_o they_o wherein_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v that_o the_o fleming_n for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o knavery_n and_o connivance_n must_v have_v a_o share_n of_o the_o gain_n which_o have_v prove_v such_o a_o hindrance_n and_o detriment_n to_o the_o english_a and_o other_o christian_n that_o trade_n upon_o this_o coast_n that_o unless_o they_o also_o connive_v at_o the_o tolkens_n villainy_n and_o deceit_n as_o the_o dutch_a do_v their_o voyage_n will_v be_v lose_v and_o their_o commodity_n to_o their_o prejudice_n remain_v unsold_a this_o be_v in_o brief_a the_o manner_n of_o their_o trade_n the_o mean_n now_o follow_v bâ—…in_n custom_n of_o the_o golden_a coast_n of_o guiney_n and_o bâ—…in_n as_o for_o their_o custom_n due_a to_o the_o king_n and_o sovereign_n upon_o this_o coast_n it_o be_v find_v to_o vary_v in_o divers_a port_n and_o havens_n and_o only_o pay_v by_o inhabitant_n in_o case_n the_o christian_a bring_v not_o his_o good_n ashore_o to_o sell_v every_o haven_n have_v a_o peculiar_a officer_n and_o every_o merchant_n that_o come_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o buy_v ware_n at_o a_o port-town_n pay_v a_o toll_n or_o small_a custom_n for_o his_o person_n though_o he_o buy_v nothing_o and_o that_o no_o deceit_n may_v be_v use_v in_o the_o collector_n there_o be_v ever_o a_o sen_n or_o some_o near_a kinsman_n of_o that_o prince_n join_v in_o authority_n with_o the_o say_a collector_n or_o customer_n and_o if_o the_o merchant_n buy_v any_o commodity_n aboard_o a_o ship_n for_o less_o than_o two_o ounce_n of_o gold_n at_o a_o time_n than_o he_o must_v compound_v with_o the_o customer_n for_o the_o custom_n as_o he_o can_v at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o customer_n own_o profit_n fee_n and_o wage_n but_o if_o he_o buy_v above_o two_o ounce_n of_o gold_n which_o they_o call_v a_o benda_n than_o the_o custom_n be_v a_o angel_n of_o gold_n for_o every_o benda_n as_o i_o be_o give_v to_o understand_v bâ—nin_n the_o coin_n current_a in_o guiney_n and_o bâ—nin_n i_o have_v show_v that_o coin_n acknowledge_v any_o sovereignty_n by_o stamp_n be_v not_o here_o in_o use_n but_o gold_n passable_a either_o in_o sands_n or_o ingot_n according_a to_o the_o fineness_n and_o goodness_n be_v the_o current_n coin_v passable_a which_o our_o merchant_n very_o well_o distinguish_v by_o 24_o artificial_a needle_n make_v by_o allay_n of_o metal_n from_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o fine_a of_o 24_o carot_n fine_a have_v exact_a rule_n for_o the_o valuation_n thereof_o according_o as_o the_o same_o be_v find_v either_o in_o fineness_n or_o courseness_n neither_o use_n they_o any_o money_n or_o any_o kind_n of_o mint_v coin_n wherewith_o to_o pay_v each_o other_o but_o when_o any_o commodity_n be_v buy_v the_o payment_n thereof_o be_v make_v with_o gold_n and_o that_o likewise_o by_o weight_n and_o it_o must_v be_v a_o very_a small_a parcel_n that_o have_v not_o some_o kind_n of_o weight_n to_o distinguish_v and_o weigh_v it_o withal_o and_o they_o pay_v each_o other_o with_o four_o square_a piece_n of_o gold_n weigh_v some_o a_o grain_n and_o some_o half_n a_o grain_n kacorawn_n kacorawn_n and_o about_o mina_n a_o castle_n of_o the_o portugal_n they_o pay_v each_o other_o with_o kacorawn_n which_o be_v gold_n draw_v out_o into_o wire_n and_o cut_v afterward_o into_o small_a piece_n for_o all_o trivial_a commodity_n and_o in_o other_o place_n with_o little_a piece_n of_o iron_n of_o a_o finger_n in_o length_n with_o some_o character_n stamp_v thereon_o and_o in_o some_o place_n they_o have_v not_o the_o art_n of_o melt_v their_o gold_n but_o sell_v it_o or_o rather_o pay_v it_o one_o to_o another_o in_o sand_n by_o weight_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v agree_v both_o in_o the_o value_n and_o in_o the_o quantity_n benin_n the_o weight_n of_o guiney_n and_o benin_n the_o weight_n be_v make_v of_o copper_n of_o divers_a sort_n and_o have_v little_a round_a copper_n scales_n like_o a_o hollow_a orange_n pill_n for_o gold_n a_o bendâ—_n be_v the_o great_a weight_n and_o weigh_v two_o ounce_n a_o benda_n offa_n be_v half_a a_o benda_n and_o be_v a_o ounce_n asseva_n be_v two_o pesos_n and_o a_o half_a egebba_n be_v two_o pesos_n and_o account_v half_o a_o ounce_n or_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o benda_n seron_n be_v account_v for_o one_o peso_n and_o a_o half_a eusanno_n be_v account_v a_o peso_n quienta_fw-mi be_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o peso_fw-it each_o peso_n be_v hold_v a_o loot_z mediataba_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o peso_fw-it agiraque_fw-la be_v half_a a_o peso_fw-es so_o that_o by_o those_o that_o have_v make_v the_o trial_n of_o their_o weight_n with_o we_o they_o have_v find_v they_o to_o be_v in_o every_o pound_n troy_n a_o peso_n and_o a_o half_a in_o every_o pound_n heavy_a than_o our_o troy_n pound_n use_v in_o england_n and_o this_o weight_n be_v the_o rule_n for_o their_o gold_n in_o pass_v for_o commodity_n coast_n coin_n of_o many_o part_n of_o this_o coast_n where_o note_n that_o all_o country_n have_v not_o in_o this_o and_o other_o these_o large_a coast_n money_n current_a of_o metal_n as_o we_o have_v in_o christendom_n for_o in_o
common_a money_n here_o current_a be_v call_v the_o pardaus_n xeraphin_n coin_v here_o and_o worth_a 300_o res_n of_o portugal_n and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o three_o teston_n which_o be_v english_a money_n about_o four_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a one_o pardon_n be_v five_o tanga_n which_o be_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o be_v in_o both_o sort_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o use_n as_o account_v five_o tanga_n bad_a money_n be_v the_o same_o in_o worth_a as_o four_o tanga_n of_o good_a money_n one_o tanga_n be_v worth_a four_o good_a ventins_n and_o five_o bad_a ventins_n a_o coin_n also_o imaginary_a and_o not_o real_a and_o be_v worth_a seventy_o five_o basaruco_n a_o vintin_n be_v worth_a 15_o bad_a basaruco_n and_o 18_o good_a basaruco_n which_o be_v the_o low_a and_o small_a coin_n here_o in_o use_n tree_n basaruco_n be_v worth_a two_o res_fw-la of_o portugal_n money_n and_o by_o this_o account_n the_o pardu_fw-fr sheraphin_n be_v worth_a 375_o basaruco_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o proper_a coin_n of_o goa_n the_o other_o here_o current_n be_v the_o persia_n larin_n a_o coin_n of_o very_o fine_a silver_n and_o worth_a 110_o basaruco_n the_o pagode_n of_o gold_n worth_a about_o 10_o tanga_n be_v 8_o s._n sterling_a the_o venetiander_n of_o gold_n worth_a 2_o pardaus_n sheraphin_n the_o st_n thomas_n of_o gold_n worth_a 8_o tanga_n the_o rial_n of_o â—_o call_v pardaus_fw-la de_fw-fr reales_n worth_n common_o 440_o res_n of_o portugal_n but_o these_o and_o the_o larin_n of_o persia_n may_v here_o be_v account_v for_o commodity_n rise_v and_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o the_o occasion_n of_o merchant_n enforce_v they_o sheraffâ—…_n sheraffâ—…_n but_o note_n that_o all_o money_n be_v here_o pay_v and_o receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o sheraff_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n in_o turkey_n and_o other_o eastern_a country_n who_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n and_o damage_n either_o in_o tale_n or_o goodness_n for_o a_o small_a consideration_n and_o by_o the_o portugal_n term_v cernidor_n goa_n weight_n of_o goa_n the_o weight_n common_a in_o goa_n and_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n be_v divers_a the_o usual_a know_v be_v as_o in_o portugal_n the_o quintal_n and_o the_o rove_n and_o this_o be_v most_o in_o use_n for_o all_o european_a commodity_n but_o they_o have_v in_o use_v another_o proper_a for_o honey_n sugar_n butter_n which_o be_v call_v the_o maund_v be_v 12_o l._n of_o the_o weight_n abovementioned_a another_o proper_a only_a to_o pepper_n and_o other_o such_o indian_a spice_n they_o have_v which_o they_o call_v the_o bahar_n account_v three_o quintal_n and_o a_o half_a of_o portugal_n weight_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mere_a concordancy_n that_o it_o have_v with_o the_o hundred_o of_o london_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n further_o thereof_o goa_n measure_n of_o goa_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v in_o lisborn_n the_o measure_n of_o grain_n rice_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n be_v call_v a_o medida_n be_v about_o a_o spâ—…_n high_a and_o half_a a_o finger_n broad_a 24_o whereof_o be_v account_v a_o maund_v maunds_z 20_o be_v account_v one_o candil_n which_o be_v about_o 14_o bushel_n english_a and_o by_o this_o measure_n they_o account_v their_o tonnage_n in_o ship_v yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o rice_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o fardo_n be_v round_o bundle_v wrap_v in_o straw_n and_o bind_v about_o with_o cord_n and_o these_o shall_v weigh_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n 3½_n maunds_z there_o be_v upon_o this_o coast_n a_o great_a trade_n in_o use_n for_o pearl_n which_o because_o it_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o this_o and_o other_o place_n of_o india_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a i_o shall_v show_v the_o manner_n thereof_o pearl_n the_o order_n how_o they_o fish_n and_o trade_n for_o pearl_n the_o fish_n for_o pearl_n begin_v yearly_a in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o continue_v but_o 50_o day_n but_o yet_o they_o fish_v not_o always_o in_o one_o place_n every_o year_n but_o change_v their_o place_n by_o certain_a appoint_v and_o settle_a order_n among_o the_o principal_a that_o have_v the_o oversight_n thereof_o now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o this_o fish_n draw_v near_o than_o they_o send_v very_o good_a divers_a that_o go_v purposely_o to_o discover_v where_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o oyster_n be_v under_o water_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n opposite_a to_o that_o place_n there_o they_o set_v up_o and_o plant_v a_o village_n with_o house_n and_o a_o bazaro_n or_o marketplace_n of_o stone_n and_o other_o material_n which_o stand_v as_o long_o as_o the_o fish_n time_n last_v and_o be_v for_o that_o time_n furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a which_o now_o and_o then_o happen_v to_o be_v near_o unto_o place_n inhabit_v and_o now_o and_o then_o afar_o off_o according_a to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o year_n fish_v the_o fisherman_n themselves_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n christian_n native_n of_o that_o country_n neither_o be_v any_o other_o debar_v from_o this_o fish_n that_o will_v pay_v a_o certain_a tribute_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o to_o the_o jesuit_n who_o have_v sundry_a church_n upon_o that_o coast_n now_o during_o the_o say_a fish_v there_o be_v always_o maintain_v three_o or_o four_o fast_n or_o galliots_n arm_v to_o defend_v the_o fisher_n from_o injury_n and_o rover_n the_o order_n of_o which_o fish_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v common_o three_o or_o four_o bark_n and_o their_o company_n that_o make_v consortship_n together_o much_o resemble_v our_o english_a pilot-boat_n have_v eight_o or_o ten_o man_n in_o a_o boat_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o go_v out_o together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o anchor_n in_o 15_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o this_o whole_a coast_n and_o be_v thus_o moor_v to_o their_o anchor_n they_o cast_v a_o rope_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o rope_n usual_o make_v fast_o a_o great_a stone_n and_o then_o they_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o diver_n who_o have_v his_o nose_n and_o his_o ear_n well_o stop_v and_o anoint_v with_o oil_n and_o a_o basket_n fasten_v about_o his_o neck_n or_o under_o his_o left_a arm_n then_o he_o sink_v down_o by_o the_o say_a rope_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o as_o fast_o as_o he_o can_v be_v fill_v the_o say_a basket_n and_o be_v full_a he_o than_o shake_v the_o rope_n and_o his_o fellow_n that_o hold_v the_o other_o end_n and_o be_v in_o their_o bark_n instant_o hale_v he_o up_o with_o his_o fill_v basket_n and_o in_o this_o wise_a they_o go_v one_o by_o one_o until_o they_o have_v lade_v their_o say_a boat_n with_o oyster_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n return_v a_o shore_n to_o the_o village_n every_o company_n make_v their_o own_o heap_n or_o mount_v of_o oyster_n by_o themselves_o one_o distant_a from_o another_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a long_a row_n of_o mount_n or_o heap_n of_o oyster_n which_o remain_v untouched_a until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o fish_n be_v end_v and_o at_o the_o end_n whereof_o every_o company_n sit_v down_o about_o their_o mount_n or_o heap_n and_o fall_v to_o open_v of_o they_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o do_v because_o that_o then_o they_o be_v both_o dry_a dead_a and_o brittle_a and_o if_o every_o oyster_n shall_v prove_v to_o have_v pearl_n in_o they_o it_o will_v prove_v a_o very_a good_a purchase_n unto_o they_o but_o many_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o pearl_n at_o all_o in_o they_o therefore_o when_o their_o fish_n be_v do_v they_o then_o perceive_v whether_o their_o say_a fish_n and_o gather_v prove_v good_a or_o bad_a now_o there_o be_v certain_a man_n expert_a in_o the_o choice_n and_o distinction_n of_o pearl_n which_o here_o they_o call_v chittini_fw-la which_o set_v and_o make_v the_o price_n of_o pearl_n according_a to_o their_o carract_n each_o carack_n be_v four_o grain_n and_o these_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o copper_n have_v hole_n therein_o of_o several_a greatness_n serve_v to_o distinguish_v the_o sort_n to_o which_o also_o they_o consider_v their_o beauty_n and_o goodness_n and_o then_o thereof_o make_v four_o several_a sort_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o round_a pearl_n which_o they_o call_v aia_n or_o unia_fw-la of_o portugal_n because_o the_o portugal_n by_o they_o the_o second_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o round_o be_v call_v aia_n of_o bengala_n the_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o second_o they_o call_v aia_n of_o canora_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bisnagar_n the_o four_o and_o last_o and_o
whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o and_o then_o have_v choose_v one_o to_o his_o mind_n he_o contract_v with_o her_o friend_n for_o her_o use_n for_o the_o say_a time_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n which_o do_v he_o bring_v she_o to_o his_o house_n or_o lodging_n and_o she_o serve_v he_o willing_o in_o all_o his_o affair_n both_o by_o day_n and_o night_n as_o both_o his_o slave_n and_o wife_n but_o then_o he_o must_v take_v care_n that_o during_o that_o time_n he_o keep_v not_o company_n with_o any_o other_o woman_n for_o so_o he_o may_v incur_v a_o great_a danger_n and_o peril_n of_o his_o life_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o his_o residence_n be_v expire_v he_o pay_v the_o parent_n of_o the_o maid_n the_o price_n agree_v for_o and_o depart_v quiet_o away_o and_o she_o return_v with_o credit_n to_o her_o friend_n be_v as_o well_o esteem_v of_o as_o ever_o she_o be_v before_o and_o if_o afterward_o this_o maid_n chance_v to_o marry_v though_o with_o the_o principall_a of_o the_o country_n and_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a stranger_n shall_v again_o return_v hither_o to_o trade_n he_o may_v again_o demand_v his_o wâ—man_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v she_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n without_o the_o resistance_n of_o her_o husband_n or_o any_o shame_n unto_o he_o and_o she_o remain_v by_o the_o stranger_n as_o long_o as_o he_o abide_v there_o and_o he_o travel_v from_o thence_o she_o go_v home_o to_o her_o husband_n again_o which_o among_o they_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o most_o sure_a and_o inviolable_a law_n and_o custom_n pegu._n coin_n current_a in_o pegu._n the_o coin_n current_n here_o and_o throughout_o all_o this_o coast_n be_v call_v gansa_n which_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n and_o be_v not_o the_o proper_a money_n of_o the_o king_n but_o every_o man_n may_v stamp_v it_o that_o will_v and_o that_o be_v able_a because_o it_o have_v its_o just_a value_n in_o stuff_n and_o material_n there_o be_v much_o counterfeit_n of_o this_o coin_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o discern_v by_o the_o broker_n teller_n of_o money_n who_o ready_o spy_v it_o out_o and_o therefore_o not_o passable_a nor_o will_v it_o be_v take_v by_o any_o with_o this_o money_n gansa_n you_o may_v buy_v gold_n silver_n ruby_n drug_n spice_n and_o all_o commodity_n and_o no_o other_o money_n be_v current_a among_o they_o this_o gansa_n go_v by_o a_o weight_n call_v a_o biso_n and_o this_o name_n of_o bise_n go_v for_o the_o account_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o therefore_o a_o bise_n of_o a_o gansa_n be_v account_v by_o stranger_n there_o trade_v ½_n â„ž_o 8_o â—_o or_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n sterling_a and_o albeit_o that_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o all_o other_o commodite_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v yet_o this_o bise_n never_o alter_v in_o value_n or_o estimation_n every_o bise_n make_v a_o hundred_o gansae_n of_o weight_n and_o so_o it_o do_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o money_n be_v bisa_n martaven_n martaven_n in_o this_o country_n be_v also_o seat_v the_o town_n of_o martaven_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o the_o last_o of_o this_o coast_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v wonderful_a expert_a in_o make_v of_o hard_a waâ—_n which_o hence_o be_v disperse_v throughout_o india_n and_o into_o many_o place_n of_o europe_n here_o be_v also_o make_v those_o great_a earthen_n jar_n or_o vessel_n which_o serve_v they_o to_o keep_v water_n oil_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n and_o be_v much_o use_v in_o india_n and_o aboard_o their_o ship_n in_o stead_n of_o cask_n barrel_n and_o such_o vessel_n and_o throughout_o all_o these_o country_n be_v call_v of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n maatavanas_n and_o in_o some_o place_n by_o the_o portugal_n benajos_n chap._n xcvi_o of_o siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o siam_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n thereof_o under_o the_o title_n of_o siam_n i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o city_n of_o tenaserim_n a_o famous_a town_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o a_o kingdom_n also_o pattana_n another_o city_n on_o this_o coast_n not_o far_o distan_a from_o siam_n itself_o be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o english_a merchant_n have_v a_o residence_n and_o hold_v a_o factory_a and_o last_o siam_n as_o the_o principal_a and_o as_o one_o upon_o who_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o dependency_n both_o in_o matter_n of_o government_n and_o trade_n this_o city_n then_o of_o siam_n some_o year_n past_a as_o appear_v by_o relation_n of_o that_o worthy_a merchant_n ralph_n fitch_n and_o other_o be_v the_o prime_n of_o all_o these_o and_o the_o neighbour_a region_n but_o be_v for_o twenty_o one_o month_n besiege_v by_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o after_o four_o month_n march_v encompass_v it_o with_o a_o million_o and_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o soldier_n at_o length_n by_o mean_n of_o treason_n and_o not_o of_o strength_n gain_v it_o drive_v the_o king_n thereof_o to_o that_o desperation_n that_o he_o poison_v himself_o with_o all_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n pegu_n the_o fortune_n of_o siam_n and_o pegu_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v obey_v several_a prince_n and_o be_v subject_n to_o sundry_a master_n according_a to_o the_o various_a chance_n of_o war_n and_o of_o this_o country_n which_o in_o one_o age_n be_v see_v here_o so_o diverse_o to_o alter_v into_o sundry_a shape_n for_o a_o petty_a king_n which_o now_o command_v one_o only_a town_n or_o province_n in_o a_o few_o year_n come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a emperor_n over_o several_a kingdom_n and_o peradventure_o that_o great_a emperor_n who_o now_o command_v so_o many_o several_a nation_n within_o few_o year_n after_o be_v glad_a to_o rule_v over_o a_o small_a province_n city_n or_o island_n which_o the_o prince_n of_o pegu_n and_o siam_n have_v of_o late_a year_n to_o their_o great_a grief_n find_v too_o true_a by_o experience_n the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o former_a suffer_v calamity_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n not_o only_o hence_o to_o couchin-china_n macau_n cantor_n malacca_n cambaia_n and_o the_o island_n summatra_n borneo_n banda_n and_o other_o by_o sea_n but_o also_o be_v much_o augment_v by_o the_o inland_n trade_n thereof_o partly_o to_o martavan_n tenaserim_n and_o other_o which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o same_o land_n but_o as_o seat_v on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o and_o as_o enjoy_v thereby_o the_o commodity_n of_o another_o sea_n but_o the_o same_o be_v find_v proper_a for_o trade_n by_o its_o own_o commodious_a situation_n menan_n river_n menan_n be_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n menan_n which_o run_v hither_o through_o or_o rather_o thwart_v india_n arise_v in_o the_o lake_n of_o chiama_n as_o they_o term_v it_o at_o least_o 22_o degree_n from_o this_o city_n where_o it_o issue_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v here_o find_v about_o the_o month_n of_o march_n so_o to_o over-swell_a his_o bank_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n that_o it_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o 120_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o retire_v themselves_o during_o this_o inundation_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o their_o house_n so_o purposely_o make_v to_o avoid_v the_o inconveniency_n of_o the_o water_n every_o house_n then_o have_v a_o boat_n or_o frigate_n belong_v thereto_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o converse_v together_o and_o traffic_v as_o on_o dry_a shore_n till_o the_o say_a river_n return_v to_o her_o wont_a channel_n again_o the_o king_n of_o this_o country_n as_o indeed_o of_o all_o these_o region_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n merchant_n who_o give_v the_o english_a admittance_n to_o trade_n and_o residence_n here_o about_o 1612_o upon_o who_o he_o bestow_v also_o a_o fair_a house_n for_o their_o abode_n and_o warehouse_n to_o lay_v up_o their_o merchandise_n where_o since_o for_o some_o year_n they_o have_v continue_v but_o of_o late_a year_n have_v leave_v it_o off_o and_o discontinue_v upon_o the_o little_a benefit_n this_o scale_n and_o country_n afford_v they_o pattana_n commodity_n of_o siam_n and_o pattana_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o city_n and_o coast_n be_v cotton_n linen_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o that_o excellent_a wine_n or_o distil_a liquor_n call_v here_o by_o the_o name_n of_o nipe_n make_v of_o cocos_fw-la or_o india_n nut_n and_o hence_o transport_v into_o all_o part_n of_o india_n and_o the_o adjoin_a region_n here_o be_v also_o great_a quantity_n of_o benjamin_n and_o of_o lac_n wherewith_o the_o hard_a wax_n be_v make_v that_o be_v bring_v hence_o into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o world_n also_o that_o costly_a wood_n call_v by_o the_o portugal_n palo_n dangula_fw-la and_o calamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n
land_n sometime_o win_v and_o sometime_o lose_v according_a to_o both_o their_o force_n and_o fortune_n in_o all_o their_o occasion_n add_v violence_n to_o trade_n trade_v peaceable_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o choose_v and_o rob_v and_o pilfer_v when_o and_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o make_v up_o their_o mouth_n to_o profit_n in_o which_o practice_n of_o trade_n and_o thievery_n or_o thievish_a trade_n i_o leave_v they_o and_o those_o island_n and_o come_v next_o to_o java_n chap._n civ_o of_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o this_o tract_n be_v find_v java_n major_a and_o java_n minor_a the_o great_a be_v in_o compass_n 3000_o and_o the_o lesser_a 2000_o mile_n the_o nearness_n of_o these_o two_o island_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v these_o country_n so_o wonderful_a fertile_a that_o they_o be_v term_v the_o epitome_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a city_n here_o be_v palauban_n mega_n pegar_o agaim_n and_o ballambua_n and_o in_o the_o lesser_a java_n bosnia_n samara_n limbri_n and_o other_o but_o their_o principal_a trade_n be_v drive_v at_o sunda_n calapa_n bantam_n jacatra_n now_o baptize_v by_o the_o dutch_a batavia_n and_o last_o japarra_n in_o which_o three_o last_n the_o english_a have_v residence_n and_o factory_n island_n commodity_n of_o java_n island_n the_o commodity_n of_o these_o island_n be_v rice_n in_o abundance_n ox_n kine_n hog_n sheep_n indian_a nut_n and_o all_o provision_n for_o food_n also_o all_o kind_n of_o spice_n as_o clove_n nutmeg_n and_o mace_n which_o the_o native_a merchant_n transport_v to_o malacca_n and_o other_o neighbour_a island_n in_o great_a measure_n also_o pepper_n in_o great_a quantity_n esteem_v far_o better_a than_o that_o of_o india_n or_o malabar_n principal_o grow_v about_o the_o strait_n of_o sunda_n of_o which_o there_o be_v yearly_o lade_v hence_o about_o ten_o thousand_o quintal_n english_a it_o have_v also_o much_o frankincense_n benjamin_n camphora_n also_o diamond_n and_o many_o other_o precious_a stone_n which_o be_v find_v therein_o javas_n commodity_n of_o india_n fit_a for_o javas_n the_o fit_a and_o most_o proper_a commodity_n for_o these_o island_n trade_n be_v divers_a and_o different_a sort_n and_o colour_n of_o cotton_n linen_n which_o be_v make_v at_o cambaia_n cormandel_n and_o bengala_n call_v serass_n sarampurus_n cassus_fw-la sateposas_fw-la black_a cannequin_n red_a turrias_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o sort_n find_v make_v in_o the_o place_n abovesaid_a jacatra_n batavia_n alias_o jacatra_n here_o the_o hollander_n be_v find_v to_o be_v master_n of_o jacatra_n of_o late_a year_n call_v by_o they_o batavia_n the_o best_a and_o great_a port_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o rendezvous_n in_o these_o part_n where_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o have_v so_o fortify_v themselves_o that_o they_o prescribe_v law_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o endeavour_v to_o debar_v both_o english_a and_o all_o other_o from_o enjoy_v any_o benefit_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o jacatra_n coin_n current_a in_o java_n sunda_fw-la bantam_n jacatra_n in_o sunda_fw-la which_o i_o account_v here_o as_o the_o principal_a mart_n town_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o great_a in_o java_n major_a they_o have_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n than_o certain_a copper_n piece_n mint_v which_o they_o call_v caixa_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v a_o hole_n to_o hang_v they_o on_o string_n for_o common_o they_o put_v 200_o or_o a_o 1000_o upon_o one_o string_n wherewith_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o by_o this_o follow_a account_n a_o satta_n be_v 200_o caixas_n five_o satta_n be_v 1000_o caixa_n which_o be_v a_o crusado_n portugal_n money_n or_o about_o 6_o shilling_n sterling_a jacatra_n account_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n the_o merchant_n of_o europe_n here_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o and_o penny_n account_v 60_o penny_n to_o the_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o spanish_a sunda_fw-la weight_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la the_o weight_n at_o bantam_n jacatra_n japarra_n and_o at_o sunda_fw-la be_v the_o picul_n the_o cattee_n and_o babar_n a_o cattee_n being_n less_o than_o the_o cattee_n of_o maccau_n contain_v but_o 20_o ounce_n english_a and_o the_o other_o 20_o ¾_n ounce_n a_o picul_n be_v 100_o cattee_n and_o consequent_o be_v 125_o l._n english_a a_o bahar_n be_v 330_o cattee_n of_o china_n of_o 20_o ounce_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o may_v make_v in_o england_n 412_o l._n sunda_fw-la measure_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la their_o measure_n for_o length_n be_v their_o dry_a measure_n for_o grain_n rice_n and_o pepper_n be_v a_o timbam_fw-la and_o contain_v ten_o sack_n principal_o use_v in_o pepper_n and_o rice_n consist_v of_o five_o picul_n so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n each_o sack_n shall_v contain_v in_o weight_n 62½_n l._n english_a two_o sack_n for_o a_o picul_n javas_n price_n of_o commodity_n in_o javas_n the_o common_a price_n of_o commodity_n as_o i_o find_v they_o here_o observe_v be_v pepper_n of_o sunda_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o sack_n weigh_v ½_n a_o picul_n or_o 45_o cattee_n of_o china_n each_o cattee_n be_v 20_o ounce_n at_o 5000_o caixa_n and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o high_a at_o 6_o or_o 7000_o caixa_n mace_n clove_n nutmeg_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n and_o camphora_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bahar_n good_a mace_n common_o sell_v for_o 120_o thousand_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n and_o good_a clove_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n but_o bad_a and_o foul_a clove_n be_v sell_v at_o 70_o or_o 80000_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n nutmeg_n common_o sell_v for_o 20_o or_o 25_o thousand_o caixa'_v the_o bahar_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n sell_v for_o 150_o or_o 180_o thousand_o caixa_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a good_a 200_o thousand_o the_o bahar_n but_o how_o far_o these_o agree_v with_o the_o now_o common_a current_a rate_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v chap._n cv_o of_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o summatra_n ancient_o traprobana_n and_o solomon_n suppose_v ophir_n be_v esteem_v the_o big_a island_n in_o the_o world_n but_o modern_a experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a be_v only_o 700_o mile_n long_o and_o 200_o mile_n broad_a summatra_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n summatra_n the_o aequator_fw-la cut_v through_o it_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n vicinity_n make_v it_o abound_v in_o several_a precious_a commodity_n for_o traffic_n as_o first_o it_o have_v pepper_n in_o abundance_n whereof_o above_o twenty_o ship_n of_o burden_n be_v hence_o yearly_o lade_v also_o ginger_n alces_fw-la cassia_n raw_a silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n brass_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o prince_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o king_n of_o pedor_n and_o achin_n it_o be_v here_o a_o custom_n that_o the_o native_n do_v eat_v their_o slay_a enemy_n and_o do_v erst_o account_v their_o skull_n for_o a_o great_a treasure_n which_o they_o exchange_v for_o other_o necessary_n he_o be_v account_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v most_o store_n of_o they_o in_o his_o house_n this_o custom_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v for_o the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n from_o other_o country_n thither_o of_o late_a year_n have_v bring_v silver_n and_o gold_n in_o request_n among_o they_o have_v make_v they_o since_o know_v better_o summatra_n rarity_n find_v in_o summatra_n in_o this_o island_n be_v find_v a_o hill_n of_o brimstone_n continual_o burn_v and_o two_o very_a strange_a and_o admirable_a fountain_n the_o one_o yield_v pure_a and_o excellent_a balsamum_n and_o the_o other_o most_o excellent_a oil_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o island_n be_v daren_n pasen_n and_o androgede_o the_o habitation_n of_o so_o many_o king_n java_n achin_n tico_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n english_a factory_n in_o java_n but_o the_o principal_a place_n and_o part_n for_o trade_n know_v to_o the_o european_n be_v dachem_n or_o achin_n ticko_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n all_o maritime_a and_o good_a harbour_n where_o the_o english_a be_v find_v to_o have_v residence_n and_o factory_n also_o pedir_n campar_n and_o manancabo_n to_o the_o which_o the_o portugal_n general_o do_v trade_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n transport_v the_o native_a commedity_n of_o this_o their_o island_n to_o malucca_n which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o twenty_o mile_n off_o be_v not_o much_o trouble_v with_o the_o portugal_n commerce_n though_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o the_o dutch_a have_v of_o late_o get_v footing_n and_o build_v fortress_n to_o their_o as_o great_a trouble_n vexation_n and_o slavery_n etc._n coin_n current_a in_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n etc._n etc._n within_o these_o few_o year_n these_o islander_n be_v not_o know_v to_o have_v any_o coin_n current_a in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n among_o they_o but_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n
as_o i_o say_v before_o which_o they_o account_v as_o their_o great_a treasure_n and_o with_o which_o their_o barter_n and_o exchange_n for_o thing_n necessary_a be_v make_v but_o now_o of_o late_a the_o king_n of_o achin_n in_o imitation_n of_o other_o adjoin_a prince_n and_o so_o the_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o malacca_n now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o portugal_n have_v coin_v money_n which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v these_o a_o mass_n which_o be_v here_o account_v for_o 4_o cappan_n which_o be_v 12_o d._n sterling_a a_o tail_n be_v 16_o mass_n or_o 3â…•_n â„ž_o â—_o â—_o or_o sterling_a money_n 16_o s._n a_o cattee_n be_v 8_o tail_n in_o ordinary_a account_n and_o worth_a 25â…”_n â„ž_o â—_o spanish_a or_o 6_o l._n 8_o s._n sterling_a and_o sometime_o in_o exchange_n from_o hence_o to_o other_o adjacent_a part_n they_o account_v 7¼_n and_o 7½_n tail_n to_o one_o cattee_n java_n account_n keep_v in_o java_n in_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n as_o jambe_n tycho_n and_o priaman_n they_o have_v no_o coin_n of_o their_o own_o but_o the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o spanish_a â„ž_o â—_o in_o which_o the_o european_n keep_v their_o account_n and_o for_o distinction_n divide_v it_o to_o be_v 60_o denier_n or_o pence_n to_o a_o â„ž_o â—_o jambe_n weight_n of_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n jambe_n the_o common_a through_o all_o summatra_n be_v a_o bahar_n but_o yet_o find_v to_o vary_v in_o many_o place_n and_o consist_v of_o cattee_n which_o in_o greatness_n also_o vary_v and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o difference_n but_o in_o achin_n priamam_fw-la ticcou_n and_o jambe_n where_o the_o english_a reside_v the_o bahar_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o each_o of_o these_o place_n 200_o cattee_n every_o cattee_n be_v 29_o ounce_n english_a so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n the_o bahar_n must_v make_v 360_o l._n english_a sotile_a summatra_n measure_n in_o summatra_n the_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n be_v chap._n cvi_o of_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o next_o island_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v borneo_n and_o be_v equal_o divide_v by_o the_o aequinoctial_a into_o two_o part_n put_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bind_v between_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o borneo_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o of_o laus_n on_o the_o south_n in_o compass_n account_v above_o 2200_o mile_n and_o hold_v the_o great_a of_o all_o this_o ocean_n island_n commodity_n of_o borneo_n island_n the_o country_n do_v yield_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o wood_n which_o we_o call_v camphora_n also_o that_o wood_n know_v by_o the_o portugal_n by_o the_o name_n of_o polo_n d'_fw-fr aguila_n and_o also_o that_o costly_a sweat_n wood_n which_o be_v call_v collamba_n which_o be_v good_a be_v weigh_v against_o silver_n and_o gold_n also_o here_o be_v find_v some_o gold_n diamond_n nutmeg_n mace_n agarick_n and_o other_o spice_n and_o great_a abundance_n of_o that_o excellent_a antidote_n which_o in_o europe_n be_v call_v the_o bezoar-stone_n island_n town_n of_o borneo_n island_n it_o be_v plentiful_o store_v with_o many_o fair_a town_n and_o harbour_n as_o cabura_n taioparra_n tamorutas_fw-la and_o borneo_n the_o metropolis_n and_o most_o magnificent_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n contain_v 25_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o marish_a of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o venice_n borneo_n secodana_n and_o benicrmasa_n english_a factory_n in_o borneo_n also_o secodana_n where_o many_o diamond_n be_v find_v and_o where_o the_o english_a some_o year_n past_a have_v a_o factory_a and_o residence_n as_o also_o the_o same_o in_o beniermasa_n another_o good_a port_n in_o this_o island_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o coin_n current_n here_o in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n nor_o yet_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o use_n in_o this_o island_n therefore_o must_v refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o better_o experience_v and_o to_o the_o trader_n thither_o chap._n cvii_o of_o celebs_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o island_n celebs_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o celebs_n be_v the_o next_o in_o this_o tract_n nor_o far_o distant_a from_o borneo_n island_n through_o part_n of_o which_o run_v the_o equator_fw-la yield_v by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o commodity_n proper_a to_o summatra_n borneo_n gilolo_n and_o other_o seat_v under_o the_o same_o line_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o several_a prince_n and_o enjoy_v some_o eminent_a town_n frequent_v by_o european_a merchant_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o rich_a commodity_n as_o durati_fw-la mamaio_n tubon_n and_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o english_a factory_a in_o celebs_fw-la maccasar_n the_o chief_a port_n for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o this_o island_n and_o where_o the_o english_a have_v a_o residence_n and_o factory_a and_o follow_v their_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o place_n i_o find_v maccasar_n coin_n current_a in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n their_o coin_n current_a here_o in_o use_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o mass_n cupan_n and_o tail_n thus_o value_v a_o tail_n be_v account_v for_o 16_o mass_n in_o current_a value_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v worth_a 15_o rial_n of_o eight_o a_o mass_n be_v a_o gold_n coin_n as_o be_v the_o tail_n and_o want_v somewhat_o of_o 5_o s._n or_o a_o rial_n of_o â—_o 8_o spanish_a and_o this_o mass_n be_v 4_o cuppan_n each_o captain_z esteem_v to_o be_v about_o 14_o d._n sterling_a money_n and_o by_o this_o calculation_n the_o tail_n shall_v make_v sterling_a 3_o l._n 14_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o by_o the_o account_n of_o â„ž_o â—_o 8_o at_o 5_o s._n sterling_a the_o tail_n be_v 3_o l._n 15_o s._n sterling_a maccasar_n weight_n in_o celebs_n and_o maccasar_n the_o common_a weight_n in_o use_n be_v the_o ganton_n zicoyan_n and_o mass_n thus_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a weight_n averdupois_n the_o ganton_n be_v both_o a_o weight_n and_o measure_n in_o weight_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 5_o l._n english_a and_o in_o measure_n about_o two_o english_a gallon_n a_o mass_n in_o weight_n be_v 40_o gantons_n which_o be_v 200_o l._n english_a or_o 80_o gallon_n english_a a_o zicoyan_a be_v 20_o mass_n in_o weight_n which_o be_v 4000_o l._n english_a or_o 800_o canton_n of_o this_o place_n to_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n in_o these_o sea_n be_v a_o work_n past_o my_o skill_n or_o i_o think_v most_o man_n else_n consider_v the_o multitude_n thereof_o philippiâ—…_n philippiâ—…_n the_o philippines_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n in_o anno_fw-la 1564_o be_v in_o number_n 110_o thousand_o as_o some_o author_n report_n over_o against_o china_n be_v also_o find_v 7448_o island_n and_o about_o india_n 127000_o great_a and_o small_a more_o which_o in_o many_o place_n stand_v so_o nigh_o one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v afar_o off_o to_o touch_v and_o to_o be_v all_o one_o firm_a land_n but_o whosoever_o pass_v between_o they_o may_v with_o his_o hand_n touch_v the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n both_o on_o the_o one_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o commodity_n be_v find_v grow_v upon_o these_o island_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o many_o of_o they_o maintain_v a_o traffic_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v 1498._o the_o portugal_n the_o first_o master_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o east-india_n 1498._o now_o forasmuch_o as_o portugal_n dutch_a and_o english_a have_v of_o late_a year_n discover_v those_o country_n of_o india_n and_o that_o some_o of_o they_o have_v since_o settle_v themselves_o by_o fort_n and_o castle_n there_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a i_o shall_v here_o survey_v their_o strength_n and_o hold_v build_v for_o defence_n and_o their_o factory_a settle_a for_o traffic_n throughout_o this_o continent_n of_o asia_n and_o the_o island_n thereof_o the_o portugal_n than_o be_v the_o first_o that_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1498._o depart_v from_o lisbon_n under_o command_n of_o vasco_n di_fw-it gamma_n double_v the_o cape_n of_o bona_n esperance_fw-fr which_o have_v prove_v so_o successful_a to_o they_o since_o that_o time_n that_o they_o have_v master_v conquer_v and_o fortify_v themselves_o beyond_o that_o cape_n in_o soffala_n quiloa_n mosambique_n mombasa_n and_o in_o ormus_n in_o the_o persian_a gulf_n late_o again_o lose_v in_o india_n they_o have_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o diu_n daman_n basain_n châ—…_n goa_n honour_n barsola_n mongalor_n cananor_n cronganor_n cochin_n and_o colan_n in_o silon_n they_o have_v column_n brag_v of_o one_o of_o the_o best_a port_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n they_o hold_v negapatam_n and_o st._n thomas_n in_o bengala_n they_o have_v porto_n pequenio_n
great_a nation_n but_o my_o ignorance_n herein_o do_v silence_v i_o therefore_o it_o shall_v content_v i_o to_o have_v survey_v it_o in_o the_o general_n and_o to_o have_v leave_v behind_o i_o what_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o collect_v of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trader_n of_o those_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n and_o country_n know_v that_o their_o strange_a custom_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o law_n and_o government_n debar_v all_o easy_a access_n into_o their_o dominion_n and_o what_o other_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o see_v i_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o offer_v to_o recount_v to_o conclude_v then_o have_v thus_o run_v over_o and_o survey_v the_o general_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n of_o asia_n i_o will_v now_o turn_v myself_o towards_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o this_o work_n and_o as_o the_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o the_o best_a repute_v of_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cx_o of_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n here_o handle_v and_o the_o kingdom_n thereof_o part_n europe_n 15_o part_n europe_n which_o i_o have_v willing_o omit_v as_o last_v and_o principal_a come_v now_o to_o be_v survey_v that_o the_o trade_n thereof_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v in_o her_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n shall_v be_v in_o prerogative_n of_o worth_a the_o chief_a and_o first_o but_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n i_o show_v the_o best_a last_n and_o the_o worst_a first_o europe_n then_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o province_n and_o island_n 1_o spain_n 2_o france_n 3_o italy_n 4_o belgia_n 5_o germany_n 6_o denmark_n 7_o norway_n 8_o sweden_n 9_o muscovia_n 10_o poland_n 11_o hungary_n 12_o dacia_n 13_o slavonia_n 14_o graecia_n the_o island_n of_o europe_n be_v disperse_v through_o these_o sea_n 1_o greek_a sea_n 2_o egean_a sea_n 3_o cretan_a sea_n 4_o ionian_a sea_n 5_o adriatic_a sea_n 6_o mediterranean_a sea_n 7_o british_a sea_n 8_o northern_a sea_n of_o all_o which_o in_o order_n and_o of_o each_o of_o these_o division_n in_o order_n chap._n cxi_o of_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o spain_n spain_n spain_n the_o most_o western_a continent_n of_o europe_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o france_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o pampelona_n on_o the_o northwest_n and_o perpignan_n on_o the_o southeast_n spain_n commodity_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v for_o merchandise_n be_v wine_n sugar_n oil_n metal_n liquorish_a rice_n silk_n wool_n cork_n rosin_n steel_n orange_n lemon_n raisin_n almond_n etc._n etc._n anniseed_n anchovy_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la fig_n tunny-fish_n iron_n shumack_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n hony_n wax_n etc._n etc._n spain_n be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o province_n which_o former_o be_v petty_a kingdom_n viz._n 1._o leon_n &_o oviedo_n 2._o navarre_n 3._o corduba_n 4._o gallicia_n 5._o biscay_n 6._o toledo_n 7._o murâ—ia_n 8._o castille_n 9_o portugal_n 10_o valentia_n 11._o catalonia_n 12._o arragon_n of_o which_o in_o order_n with_o their_o city_n of_o note_n and_o traffic_v 2._o leon_n 1_o oviedo_n 2._o in_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n i_o find_v no_o city_n of_o trade_n memorable_a the_o city_n of_o leon_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o be_v the_o principality_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o spain_n under_o the_o name_n of_o asturiaâ—_n 2._o navarra_n 2._o in_o navarre_n be_v of_o note_n the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n famous_a for_o her_o fortification_n and_o not_o for_o her_o negotiation_n 4._o corduba_n 4._o corduba_n be_v account_v the_o most_o fertile_a soil_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o have_v corduba_n for_o a_o principal_a city_n from_o whence_o come_v that_o excellent_a cordovant_n leather_n know_v to_o we_o 2._o marchena_n a_o principal_a breeder_n of_o the_o best_a genets_n in_o spain_n also_o 3._o medina_n sidonia_n who_o duke_n be_v principal_a commander_n of_o that_o pretend_a invincible_a armado_n 1588._o also_o lucardi_n barameda_n a_o great_a haven-town_n xere_n which_o yield_v the_o wine_n know_v sherry_n sack_n because_o the_o spaniard_n be_v find_v to_o pronounce_v x_o as_o sh_n in_o english_a and_o also_o sevil_n which_o require_v according_a to_o my_o method_n for_o her_o worth_n and_o eminency_n of_o trade_n a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n xciii_o of_o sevil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o sevil_n be_v account_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o all_o spain_n in_o compass_n six_o mile_n environ_v with_o beautiful_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o stately_a building_n as_o palace_n church_n and_o monastery_n one_o whereof_o be_v endow_v with_o 25000_o crown_n annual_a rent_n the_o river_n baetis_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n yet_o join_v by_o a_o stately_a bridge_n from_o hence_o the_o spaniard_n set_v out_o towards_o the_o western_a india_n and_o hither_o return_v again_o to_o unlade_v the_o riches_n of_o those_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o principal_o be_v find_v to_o be_v silver_n tobacco_n ginger_n cotton_n sugar_n brasil_n and_o ferinand_n bucquewood_n and_o some_o drug_n here_o be_v 30000_o geneâ—s_n maintain_v continual_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o service_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n be_v of_o that_o greatness_n that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o town_n only_o be_v worth_a unto_o the_o king_n half_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_a and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sevil_n be_v hold_v so_o rich_a that_o his_o rend_a amount_n to_o 100000_o crown_n yearly_a and_o have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n 2000_o small_a village_n and_o consequent_o in_o his_o whole_a diocese_n 2000_o benefice_n beside_o friary_n nunnery_n and_o hospital_n and_o esteem_v the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o he_o of_o toledo_n the_o rarity_n of_o this_o place_n i_o willing_o omit_v as_o well_o know_v to_o out_o nation_n madera_n account_n keep_v in_o sevil_n and_o madera_n in_o sevil_n madera_n etc._n etc._n the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n by_o marvedy_n of_o which_o 375_o be_v esteem_v to_o make_v a_o ducat_n of_o exx_n o_o 11_o rial_n every_o rial_n be_v 37_o mal._n and_o so_o be_v but_o 374_o mal._n but_o our_o english_a there_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o rial_n of_o 34._o mal._n the_o rial_n sevil_n coin_n of_o sevil_n their_o current_a money_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o sevil_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n account_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n sterl_n a_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a in_o sevil_n 34_o marvedy_n and_o be_v so_o worth_a throughout_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v account_v 6_o d._n sterling_a money_n a_o dobra_n current_n be_v worth_a of_o carlin_n money_n â—1_n â—7_n marvedy_n every_o 1000_o dobras_n be_v 80_o v._o 883_o marvedy_n and_o be_v account_v in_o merchandise_n 71_o mar._n and_o be_v worth_a in_o valentia_n at_o even_a hand_n 4_o sold._n 7._o den._n 1_o 10_o of_o valentia_n money_n without_o charge_n of_o exch._n a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n or_o be_v above_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n a_o castilian_a of_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n about_o 7_o s._n star_z vide_fw-la money_n in_o castille_n current_n in_o all_o spain_n sevil._n exchange_n in_o sevil._n their_o exx_n o_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a ducat_n of_o 375_o mar._n payable_a in_o banco_n with_o five_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o banco_n salary_n or_o without_o the_o banco_n to_o be_v pay_v without_o the_o same_o and_o this_o ducat_n be_v common_o term_v ducato_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr peso_fw-mi and_o be_v worth_a as_o above_o 375_o marvedy_n in_o sevil_n they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o follow_v if_o you_o say_v in_o ducat_n di_fw-it oro_fw-la oâ—_n de_fw-fr castilia_n upon_o banco_n those_o be_v then_o pay_v in_o banco_n without_o loss_n at_o all_o but_o if_o you_o say_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o so_o many_o ducat_n doro_n in_o pistolet_n forth_o of_o banco_n they_o will_v pay_v in_o the_o say_a money_n but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pay_v in_o carlins_n it_o will_v cost_v ½_n and_o sometime_o ¾_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la loss_n but_o because_o i_o have_v at_o large_a in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o chapter_n 294_o and_o 426_o treat_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o i_o will_v to_o avoid_v repetition_n refer_v the_o reader_n thereunto_o for_o further_a and_o ample_a satisfaction_n sevil._n weight_n of_o sevil._n there_o be_v use_v in_o sevil_n three_o weight_n or_o kintars_n as_o first_o the_o small_a which_o comprehend_v 112_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 28_o pound_n a_o rove_n the_o next_o be_v of_o 120_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n to_o a_o rove_n the_o
gather_v these_o observation_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o these_o place_n the_o coin_n be_v here_o current_a with_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v a_o spanish_a rial_n distinguish_v into_o white_a quarty_n four_o to_o a_o rial_n and_o 4½_n black_a quartile_n to_o a_o single_a rial_n and_o account_v by_o 34_o marâ—…dies_n to_o the_o say_a rial_n bilboa_n weight_n of_o bilboa_n there_o be_v here_o in_o use_n two_o quintar_n the_o one_o proper_a to_o the_o iron_n here_o make_v which_o produce_v in_o london_n 158_o l._n and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o sutle_n 100_o l._n produce_v here_o about_o 111_o to_o 112_o l._n bilboa_n measure_n of_o bilboa_n their_o measure_n here_o of_o length_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la 100_o yard_n be_v here_o 109_o vares_n and_o the_o 100_o flemish_a ell_n whereby_o bay_n be_v buy_v in_o england_n be_v here_o 80_o vares_n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o hanega_n and_o five_o hanegae_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v a_o quarter_n english_a bilboa_n custom_n of_o bilboa_n the_o custom_n here_o be_v 2½_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la and_o value_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v sell_v and_o not_o pay_v till_o sell_v but_o note_n that_o no_o commodity_n pay_v here_o any_o custom_n but_o what_o be_v either_o to_o be_v eat_v drunken_a or_o burn_v and_o if_o a_o merchant_n hap_n to_o make_v a_o bad_a debt_n of_o above_o 500_o l._n the_o custom_n thereof_o be_v not_o pay_v all_o toledo_n toledo_n in_o toledo_n be_v the_o city_n of_o toledo_n famous_a for_o its_o archbishopric_n who_o rent_n look_v as_o high_a as_o 300000_o crown_n yearly_a it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o spain_n but_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n know_v to_o we_o as_o improper_a for_o the_o same_o by_o its_o situation_n be_v a_o inland_n city_n and_o over-traded_n by_o shurchman_n in_o murcia_n there_o be_v three_o town_n of_o note_n murcia_n murcia_n murcia_n the_o first_o as_o principal_a of_o the_o province_n cartagena_n cartagena_n cartagena_n the_o second_o as_o have_v a_o most_o excellent_a haven_n and_o agree_v in_o weight_n and_o measure_n with_o alicant_n that_o be_v the_o three_o that_o have_v choice_a wine_n and_o good_a trade_n by_o its_o commodious_a situation_n of_o the_o two_o former_a i_o can_v say_v much_o in_o the_o latter_a have_v live_v some_o year_n i_o observe_v these_o rule_n in_o the_o course_n and_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n chap._n cxv_o of_o alicant_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o alicant_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o alicant_n seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n as_o malaga_n almeria_n and_o cartagena_n be_v be_v of_o late_a year_n become_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a road_n to_o be_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o city_n of_o valentia_n where_o the_o principal_a merchant_n thereof_o reside_v and_o have_v here_o their_o factor_n and_o respondent_o that_o negotiate_v their_o affair_n for_o they_o it_o afford_v wine_n raisin_n licoris_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la basse_fw-fr rope_n soap_n hence_o call_v alicant_n soaps_o aniseed_n and_o such_o alicant_n coin_n of_o alicant_n the_o money_n be_v those_o of_o valentia_n see_v there_o far_o keep_v account_n keep_v merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n here_o in_o liver_n sold_n and_o denier_n twelve_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o liver_n which_o be_v account_v to_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterâ—_n as_o the_o soldo_n threepence_n and_o the_o denier_n a_o farthing_n alicant_n weight_n of_o alicant_n their_o know_a great_a weight_n be_v a_o cargo_n which_o be_v 10_o rove_n of_o 24_o l._n and_o of_o 36_o l._n to_o the_o rove_n the_o rove_n of_o 24_o l._n be_v 18_o ounce_n and_o the_o rove_v of_o 36_o l._n be_v twelve_o ounce_n by_o which_o be_v sell_v pepper_n rice_n almond_n clove_n spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o value_n all_o gross_a commodity_n be_v weigh_v by_o 24._o l._n to_o the_o rove_n and_o four_o to_o the_o quintal_n the_o cargo_n make_v 280_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o quintal_n make_v 96_o l._n in_o england_n all_o sugar_n drug_n and_o tin_n be_v weigh_v by_o a_o small_a quintal_n which_o be_v 120_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n which_o be_v about_o 18_o or_o 20_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la less_o than_o the_o english_a 112_o l._n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la carry_v hence_o to_o venetia_n to_o make_v glass_n and_o to_o marselia_n to_o make_v hard_a shap_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o cantar_n 133_o lib._n of_o provence_n weight_n a_o general_a rule_n in_o alicant_n weight_n but_o because_o this_o diversity_n of_o weight_n may_v seem_v troublesome_a to_o be_v understand_v observe_v this_o general_a rule_n 96_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n be_v 144_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o be_v the_o great_a quintal_n 80_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n be_v 120_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o be_v the_o small_a quintal_n the_o difference_n find_v be_v 16_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n per_fw-la libram_fw-la and_o 24_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n l._n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a quintal_n alicant_n measure_n of_o alicant_n their_o common_a measure_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la which_o be_v â…™_n less_o than_o the_o english_a yard_n their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o cantaro_n which_o be_v about_o 12_o quart_n english_a their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o cassise_n about_o 3_o bushel_n english_a custom_n custom_n their_o custom_n be_v 11_o denier_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la liver_n which_o be_v 4½_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o be_v payable_a 8_o denier_n to_o the_o duana_n and_o 3_o denier_n sisa_n which_o be_v pay_v as_o well_o by_o the_o buyer_n as_o the_o seller_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o good_n be_v either_o buy_v sell_v or_o barter_v so_o often_o be_v the_o say_a custom_n pay_v by_o buyer_n and_o seller_n 9_o per_fw-la cent_n see_v valentia_n far_o castille_n castille_n the_o next_o be_v castille_n the_o most_o prevalent_a province_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o whence_o the_o spainiard_n entitle_v themselves_o castilian_n and_o to_o which_o all_o the_o other_o be_v unite_v either_o by_o conquest_n or_o intermarriage_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o new_a and_o old_a segovia_n segovia_n in_o which_o be_v first_o the_o city_n of_o segovia_n whence_o come_v our_o fine_a segovia_n cloth_n make_v by_o wool_n that_o first_o have_v their_o original_n from_o our_o english_a sheep_n valladolid_n valladolid_n second_o valladolid_n a_o university_n which_o yield_v no_o commodity_n but_o english_a papistical_a fugitive_n burges_n burges_n next_o burges_n famous_a as_o contend_v with_o toledo_n for_o the_o primateship_n of_o spain_n salamanca_n salamanca_n next_o salamanca_n the_o most_o famous_a academy_n of_o all_o spain_n these_o be_v in_o old_a castille_n in_o new_a castille_n be_v find_v these_o city_n madrid_n madrid_n first_o madrid_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o from_o a_o little_a village_n become_v a_o populous_a and_o large_a city_n alcala_n alcala_n second_o alcala_n three_o alcantara_n escurial_n escurial_n and_o last_o the_o escurial_n build_v by_o philip_n the_o second_o and_o which_o cost_v four_o million_o the_o sructure_n in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o eminent_a city_n of_o trading_n yet_o because_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o spain_n in_o general_n have_v in_o many_o thing_n a_o dependency_n upon_o the_o rule_n and_o order_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n belong_v hereunto_o i_o will_v therefore_o to_o shorten_v my_o work_n as_o well_o in_o the_o succeed_a as_o in_o some_o preceding_n town_n give_v you_o a_o touch_v of_o the_o trade_n hereof_o under_o the_o title_n of_o madrid_n or_o castille_n chap._n cxvi_o of_o madrid_n in_o castille_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o castilia_n castilia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o coin_n of_o castilia_n the_o general_a coin_n of_o castille_n i_o account_v as_o the_o general_a coin_n pass_v throughout_o spain_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o any_o city_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o key_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o then_o court_n of_o spain_n be_v common_o in_o madrid_n in_o castilia_n the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 〈◊〉_d marvedy_n and_o be_v call_v by_o some_o a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n a_o castiliano_fw-mi be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n a_o florin_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 265_o marvedy_n almost_o four_o shilling_n sterling_a quento_fw-it quento_fw-it a_o ducat_n count_n or_o quento_n of_o marvedy_n be_v a_o million_o a_o count_n or_o quento_n of_o marvedy_n be_v ducat_n 2666â…“_n and_o at_o dobra_n it_o be_v worth_a 2739_o 57_o 78_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v sterling_a 733_o l._n 6._o 8_o d._n a_o rial_n single_a of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 34_o marvedy_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_a a_o quento_n of_o marvedy_n be_v worth_a 3258_o rial_n and_o 3_o marvedy_n a_o crown_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 323_o marvedy_n but_o of_o they_o you_o need_v not_o make_v payment_n
but_o of_o 600_o only_a the_o ducat_n of_o spain_n have_v 11_o rial_n of_o plate_n and_o every_o rial_n as_o i_o say_v before_o 34_o marveâ—…_n and_o every_o ducat_n 374_o marvedy_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n english_a the_o rial_n 6_o d._n and_o the_o marâ—…_n less_o than_o our_o farthing_n the_o single_a pistolet_n of_o gold_n 11_o rial_n ¾_n be_v 400_o marvedy_n which_o be_v according_a to_o 6_o d._n a_o rial_n 5._o s._n 10â…›_n esterling_n castilia_n exchange_n in_o castilia_n in_o castilia_n they_o that_o give_v money_n upon_o exchange_n do_v agree_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o ducat_n of_o gold_n 〈◊〉_d their_o worth_n in_o gold_n or_o silver_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o do_v so_o they_o shall_v be_v pay_v in_o base_a 〈◊〉_d neigh_v which_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v more_o than_o five_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n the_o order_n of_o the_o fair_n in_o 〈◊〉_d be_v thus_o castilia_n fair_n of_o castilia_n the_o first_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o may_n and_o be_v make_v in_o medino_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o begin_v the_o first_o of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o last_v 50_o day_n the_o second_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o august_n and_o be_v make_v in_o medina_n di_fw-it riosecco_fw-it and_o begin_v the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d august_n and_o last_v 30_o day_n the_o three_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o october_n make_v in_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o begin_v the_o first_o of_o november_n last_v 50_o day_n the_o four_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o villa_n lion_n begin_v the_o first_o day_n of_o lent_n and_o last_v twenty_o dayâ—_n but_o be_v no_o fair_a of_o exchange_n the_o time_n expire_v there_o may_v no_o good_n be_v sell_v nor_o payment_n make_v upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o good_n and_o money_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o lâ—ters_n be_v there_o fifteen_o day_n before_o the_o time_n payment_n the_o payment_n the_o payment_n upon_o all_o the_o fair_n they_o make_v in_o banco_n not_o say_v forth_o and_o they_o be_v to_o recâ—…in_v ducat_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_fw-la oro_fw-la largo_fw-la and_o forth_o of_o banco_n where_o they_o say_v forth_o of_o banco_n and_o 〈◊〉_d ready_a money_n there_o be_v get_v thereby_o one_o per_n cent_n and_o when_o they_o say_v ducat_n of_o gold_n or_o 〈◊〉_d worth_n it_o be_v understand_v in_o marvedy_n 375_o for_o a_o ducat_n and_o when_o they_o say_v forth_o of_o the_o fair_a 〈◊〉_d understand_v for_o ready_a money_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o castilia_n in_o general_a and_o a_o for_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v the_o chapter_n 426_o of_o the_o fachange_n of_o spain_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n portugal_n portugal_n in_o portugal_n once_o a_o famous_a kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o the_o fortunate_a discovery_n make_v in_o the_o eastern_a indies_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v many_o fair_a town_n of_o trading_n but_o all_o of_o theâ—_n give_v precedency_n to_o lisbon_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v willing_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n and_o enlarge_v myself_o thereupon_o portugal_n commodity_n of_o portugal_n the_o general_a commodity_n this_o country_n abound_v be_v be_v these_o honey_n wine_n oil_n alum_n fruit_n fish_n white_a marble_n salt_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o many_o other_o commodity_n that_o it_o be_v now_o in_o great_a abundance_n find_v to_o yield_v be_v the_o proper_a commodity_n of_o the_o east-indies_n such_o as_o be_v pepper_n cloves_n sugar_n nutmeg_n ginger_n cotton_n calliâ—…_n the_o gem_n of_o india_n the_o spice_n and_o drug_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o silk_n and_o fabric_n of_o persia_n and_o china_n which_o though_o here_o to_o be_v have_v yet_o i_o have_v here_o omit_v the_o mention_v as_o not_o be_v the_o native_a commodity_n of_o portugal_n chap._n cxvii_o of_o libon_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lisbon_n and_o trade_n thereof_o lisbon_n be_v account_v to_o be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o to_o contain_v 20000_o family_n have_v 67_o tower_n upon_o the_o wall_n and_o 22_o gate_n to_o the_o seaward_o and_o 16_o to_o the_o continent_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n tagus_n account_v most_o famous_a and_o commodious_a for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n from_o hence_o the_o portugal_n set_v out_o to_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o hither_o do_v return_v again_o with_o all_o those_o spice_n drug_n and_o other_o the_o rich_a merchandise_n which_o east-india_n arabia_n persia_n and_o china_n do_v afford_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n duero_n stand_v porto_n also_o a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n where_o the_o galiy_v use_v in_o time_n past_a to_o land_n the_o merchandise_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v porta_n gallorum_n by_o which_o mean_v some_o author_n do_v infer_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v its_o name_n of_o portugal_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o lisbon_n i_o will_v note_v what_o i_o have_v observe_v thereupon_o in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a theme_n portugal_n coin_n of_o portugal_n the_o coin_n in_o portugal_n find_v current_n be_v these_o a_o croisado_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 400_o reas._n a_o ducat_n of_o portugal_n be_v 10_o real_n which_o be_v 400_o reas_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterl_n a_o rial_n be_v 40_o res_n or_o 6_o d._n sterling_a a_o mill_n reas_n be_v 22_o rial_n a_o testoon_n be_v 2½_n rial_n or_o 100_o res_n or_o 15_o d._n sterl_n a_o vintin_n be_v 20_o res_n or_o 3_o d._n sterling_a a_o mirle_n of_o gold_n be_v 1000_o res_n which_o be_v 2½_n ducat_n a_o single_a rial_n spanish_n be_v 2_o vintins_n or_o 4_o res._n portugal_n weight_n of_o portugal_n their_o weight_n be_v these_o a_o small_a and_o a_o great_a the_o great_a cantar_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o rove_n and_o each_o root_n be_v 32_o real_n which_o be_v 128_o l._n at_o 14_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o florence_n 149_o l._n their_o small_a quintar_n for_o pepper_n and_o ginger_n be_v near_o 112_o l._n english_a the_o rove_n or_o quatern_n be_v 2d_o l._n the_o great_a quintal_n hold_v 15_o in_o 16_o per_fw-la cent_n more_o than_o the_o english_a 112_o l._n the_o king_n have_v a_o quintar_n for_o his_o contractation_n house_n to_o sell_v the_o spice_n of_o india_n by_o which_o be_v 150_o l._n of_o florence_n and_o be_v about_o 114_o l._n english_a the_o great_a cantar_n of_o lisbon_n make_v in_o florence_n 170â…“_n or_o 130_o l._n english_a but_o all_o fine_a good_n be_v by_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o say_a kings-beam_n these_o observation_n upon_o 100_o l._n small_a of_o lisbon_n have_v be_v make_v in_o and_o yield_v the_o 100_o l._n small_a of_o lisbon_n do_v yield_v in_o london_n 113½_n li._n marselia_n 126½_n l._n venetia_n sotile_a 168½_n  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_a 106_o 3_o â—_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 63¼_n  _fw-fr florence_n 149¼_n  _fw-fr antwerp_n 107¾_n  _fw-fr lion_n 119_o â—_o â—_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 110¾_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 130½_n  _fw-fr genoa_n 162._o  _fw-fr aleppo_n 23_o rial_n aleppo_n silk_n 24_o 6._o  _fw-fr irip._n soria_n 27_o 6._o  _fw-fr irip._n barbaria_n 98_o l._n baruti_fw-la 22._o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 51_o 3._o  _fw-fr alex._n forsia_n 117_o 6._o  _fw-fr seio_n 102_o 10._o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 93_o 6._o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 20_o 7._o  _fw-fr acria_n 18_o 3._o  _fw-fr babilonia_n 15_o 10_o ma._n balsera_n 4_o 5½_n ma._n ormus_n 113._o  _fw-fr which_o for_o trial_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o experience_a portugal_n measure_n of_o length_n in_o portugal_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n dry_a and_o liquid_a here_o use_v be_v these_o first_o their_o measure_n of_o cloth_n be_v the_o coveda_n which_o be_v near_a ¾_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n the_o measure_n linen_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la and_o iâ—_n a_o ell_n less_o nail_n of_o the_o english_a measure_n by_o which_o may_v be_v make_v the_o computation_n for_o other_o country_n and_o by_o some_o find_v to_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la less_o portugal_n of_o corn_n in_o portugal_n the_o measure_n of_o corn_n be_v the_o alquier_n three_o alquier_n be_v a_o bushel_n 1½_n be_v 8_o gallon_n winchester_n measure_n and_o five_o alquier_n be_v a_o hannep_n of_o spanish_a measure_n portugal_n of_o salt_n in_o portugal_n the_o measure_n of_o salt_n be_v call_v the_o muy_fw-es and_o 60_o alquier_n make_v a_o muy_fw-es and_o 2_o muye_n and_o 15_o alquier_n be_v a_o tun_n of_o bristol_n water-measure_n which_o be_v 10_o gallon_n winchester_n and_o 40_o of_o those_o measure_n do_v make_v a_o tun._n note_v that_o 4½_n alquier_v of_o lisbon_n make_v a_o fanega_n or_o hannep_v in_o andalusia_n by_o some_o observation_n which_o fanega_n be_v 2_o staios_n and_o somewhat_o more_o of_o florence_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o a_o staâ—…_n oâ—_n florence_n may_v be_v account_v half_o a_o fanega_n
and_o a_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n may_v be_v account_v half_o a_o staio_n of_o florence_n which_o make_v gal._n eng._n lisbon_n custom_n of_o lisbon_n the_o custom_n be_v inward_o 23_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o dechima_fw-la 10_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o the_o siâ—e_n 10_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o to_o the_o consolado_n 3_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o custom_n outward_o be_v only_o 3_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la lisbon_n observation_n upon_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o lisbon_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v also_o make_v upon_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n 22_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n have_v make_v in_o sicilia_n upon_o corn_n 1_o general_a salmo_n alquiers_n 3â…›_n have_v make_v in_o marselia_n one_o mina_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o muy_fw-es of_o corn_n and_o salt_n be_v all_o alike_o but_o that_o there_o be_v give_v one_o in_o 24_o more_o upon_o salt_n because_o the_o salt_n lose_v and_o not_o the_o corn._n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o wine_n in_o lisbon_n be_v 52_o almudin_n and_o one_o almudin_n be_v 13_o chanate_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v in_o eâ—gland_n gallon_n valentia_n valentia_n the_o next_o province_n be_v valentia_n give_v name_n or_o take_v it_o from_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n which_o be_v seat_v some_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o there_o a_o find_v a_o open_a road_n call_v la_fw-fr grevo_n and_o not_o capable_a of_o great_a ship_n nor_o indeed_o safe_a for_o ship_n of_o any_o note_a burden_n therefore_o be_v alicant_n become_v the_o principal_a scale_n for_o this_o city_n iâ—_n which_o place_n have_v reside_v for_o some_o time_n anno_fw-la 1617._o i_o shall_v touch_v the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o observe_v by_o i_o in_o those_o day_n chap._n cxviii_o of_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o valentia_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o valentia_n give_v rule_n to_o all_o the_o adjoin_a place_n as_o well_o for_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o judicature_n wherein_o be_v vent_v yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o pepper_n tin_n lead_v bays_n linen_n fish_n as_o pilchard_n herring_n and_o neâ—land_n fish_n and_o such_o other_o like_o commodity_n have_v their_o money_n current_n weight_n and_o measurâ—…_n as_o follow_v valentia_n coin_n of_o valentia_n a_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v worth_a 20_o sold._n of_o that_o money_n and_o be_v 5_o s._n sterling_n a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v 21_o sold._n of_o the_o say_a money_n a_o castiliano_fw-mi be_v 27_o sold._n and_o 4_o denier_n of_o the_o same_o money_n a_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v worth_a 365_o marvedy_n of_o castilia_n and_o change_v they_o at_o naples_n for_o valentia_n 18_o sell_v 4_o denier_n which_o with_o the_o charge_n come_v even_o because_o a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n be_v worth_a at_o naples_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o sell_v 18_o den._n 3½_n and_o this_o because_o your_o money_n be_v at_o 15_o peâ—_n centum_fw-la their_o great_a money_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o 6_o sell_v which_o be_v three_o rial_n castille_n then_o have_v they_o three_o sell_v which_o â—…_n rial_n and_o the_o half_a of_o three_o sell_v which_o be_v 18_o denier_n which_o be_v 1½_n sell_v every_o soldo_fw-it be_v 12_o denier_n and_o 24_o denier_n be_v a_o rial_n castiliano_fw-mi which_o be_v 6._o d._n sterl_n valentia_n account_n in_o valentia_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n account_v to_o a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sell_v to_o a_o liver_n which_o be_v 10_o rial_n castille_n 50_o soul_n french_a and_o 5._o s._n sterl_n valentia_n weight_n of_o valentia_n the_o weight_n be_v these_o and_o thus_o distinguish_v the_o great_a weight_n be_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v 360_o l._n of_o valentia_n and_o have_v be_v sound_a to_o increase_v 3_o or_o 4_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la after_o the_o weight_n of_o florence_n gross_a cargo_n fine_a ditto_n gross_a this_o cargo_n be_v account_v to_o be_v 12_o reves_n as_o well_o of_o sine_fw-la as_o gross_a good_n a_o rove_n subtle_a be_v 30_o l._n and_o by_o this_o weight_n be_v weigh_v corn_n sugar_n oil_n spice_n and_o other_o fine_a good_n a_o rove_n gross_n be_v 36_o l._n and_o by_o this_o be_v weigh_v wool_n and_o such_o other_o gross_a good_n a_o quintar_n as_o well_o the_o small_a as_o great_a be_v four_o rove_n which_o make_v 120_o l._n of_o fine_a good_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o gross_a good_n in_o which_o observe_v this_o true_a rule_n for_o all_o the_o weight_n of_o valentia_n weight_n note_v in_o weight_n 98_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n to_o the_o l._n be_v 144_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o be_v account_v the_o great_a kintar_n and_o 80_o l._n of_o 11_o ounce_n to_o the_o l._n be_v 120_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n per._n l._n the_o small_a cantar_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v 16_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n and_o 24_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a and_o these_o two_o weight_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o yield_v in_o other_o city_n of_o trade_n after_o this_o manner_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr suttle_n l._n  _fw-fr gross_n l._n  _fw-fr 100_o l._n suttle_n do_v produce_v the_o first_o row_n 100_o l._n gross_n do_v produce_v in_o the_o second_o london_n 96½_n  _fw-fr 115¼_n  _fw-fr marselia_n 107_o  _fw-fr 128_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_fw-fr 140_o  _fw-fr 168_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 54_o  _fw-fr 64_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84_o  _fw-fr 102_o  _fw-fr florence_n 122_o  _fw-fr 147_o  _fw-fr antwerp_n 92_o  _fw-fr 110_o  _fw-fr lion_n 101_o  _fw-fr 122_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 94_o  _fw-fr 113_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 110_o  _fw-fr 133_o  _fw-fr malage_n 26_o rial_n 31_o rial_n barcelona_n 104_o l._n 125_o l._n majorque_fw-la 102_o  _fw-fr 124_o  _fw-fr paris_n 102_o  _fw-fr 124_o  _fw-fr st._n maloes_n 105_o  _fw-fr 128_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n 196_o rial_n 234_o  _fw-fr tripoli_n syria_n 234_o rial_n 249_o  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 188_o  _fw-fr 224_o  _fw-fr alexand._n zera_fw-la 445_o  _fw-fr 532_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la 876_o  _fw-fr 105_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 79_o  _fw-fr 95_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 17_o  _fw-fr 21_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 133_o  _fw-fr 163_o  _fw-fr valentia_n measure_n of_o valentia_n their_a measure_n be_v these_o follow_v four_o palm_n of_o valentia_n make_v a_o vare_fw-la which_o be_v 1â…”_n brace_n of_o florence_n and_o be_v 1â…š_n part_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n 100_o vares_n after_o this_o account_n may_v be_v in_o london_n 83_o in_o 85_o yard_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o caffiso_n in_o valentia_n which_o be_v twelve_o barsella_n which_o weigh_v 10½_n rove_v of_o 36_o l._n la_o rove_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n which_o be_v in_o florence_n 7½_n staios_n and_o 37_o barsella_n be_v there_o 24_o staios_n which_o be_v a_o mayo_n barsella_n 17_o make_v a_o general_a salmo_n in_o sicilia_n and_o be_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o corn_n in_o england_n gallon_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o caffiso_n which_o weigh_v 18_o l._n of_o the_o gross_a weight_n of_o valentia_n eight_o caffise_n make_v one_o modino_n in_o juice_n and_o one_o caffise_v make_v 3_o bushel_n english_a wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v a_o pitcher_n and_o contain_v twelve_o quart_n of_o english_a measure_n note_v that_o 1480_o salm_n of_o wheat_n in_o sicilia_n have_v make_v in_o valentia_n 1480_o saffici_fw-la valentia_n commodity_n of_o valentia_n this_o country_n afford_v as_o i_o say_v before_o hard_a soap_n common_o worth_a 80_o rial_n a_o kintar_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o oil_n be_v in_o request_n aniseed_n be_v worth_a 24_o rial_n the_o rove_n and_o daily_o be_v transport_v for_o france_n and_o england_n barillia_fw-la be_v use_v in_o make_v glass_n and_o hard_a soap_n and_o worth_a 16_o to_o 18_o rial_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la denia_n denia_n raisin_n of_o denia_n a_o small_a village_n ancient_o a_o famous_a town_n of_o this_o province_n not_o so_o well_o esteem_v as_o malaga_n fruit_n be_v sell_v here_o at_o 18_o rial_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o i_o have_v pay_v here_o for_o a_o whole_a ship_n lade_v of_o 200_o tun_n anno_fw-la 1618._o 24_o rial_n per_fw-la cent_n prove_v common_o best_o when_o dear_a almond_n be_v here_o also_o plenty_n worth_n common_o 12_o ducat_n a_o cargo_n which_o be_v 220_o l._n english_a which_o 280_o l._n valentia_n custom_n in_o valentia_n custom_n here_o pay_v be_v 9_o per_fw-la cent_n 4½_n by_o the_o buyer_n and_o 4½_n by_o the_o seller_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o commodity_n be_v buy_v or_o sell_v so_o often_o be_v this_o custom_n pay_v be_v 8_o denier_n duana_n and_o 3_o denier_n sisa_n and_o if_o any_o good_n come_v in_o to_o be_v ship_v out_o again_o common_o call_v a_o transito_fw-la the_o general_a duty_n of_o four_o
denier_n per_fw-la l._n be_v only_o pay_v and_o no_o more_o their_o payment_n in_o custom_n and_o all_o other_o way_n be_v in_o valentia_n money_n and_o worth_a 3_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o spanish_a rial_n there_o be_v also_o a_o duty_n call_v a_o mottahecos_n which_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n on_o each_o quintar_n and_o so_o upon_o other_o fine_a good_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o remember_v needful_a in_o this_o argument_n and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o province_n which_o be_v catalonia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v far_o in_o the_o 291_o and_o 426_o chapter_n catalonia_n catalonia_n in_o catalonia_n be_v only_o famous_a the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n where_o have_v good_a cause_n of_o the_o remembrance_n of_o my_o be_v here_o by_o reason_n of_o my_o imprisonment_n in_o the_o inquisition_n anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o must_v according_a to_o my_o method_n afford_v the_o city_n traffic_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o observation_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o love_n and_o pain_n in_o my_o release_n move_v thereto_o partly_o by_o the_o affection_n i_o have_v gain_v with_o many_o the_o chief_a merchant_n but_o especial_o leave_v the_o same_o may_v deter_v other_o english_a from_o come_v to_o traffic_v and_o inhabit_v among_o they_o and_o furnish_v their_o necessity_n with_o english_a commodity_n which_o they_o seem_v much_o to_o desire_v and_o oftentime_n much_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o chap._n cxix_o of_o barcelona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o barcelona_n barcelona_n barcelona_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n and_o enter_v into_o that_o gulf_n which_o be_v so_o terrible_a to_o navigator_n in_o these_o part_n call_v the_o gulf_n of_o lion_n it_o have_v a_o reasonable_a commodious_a and_o safe_a harbour_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v winterly_a enlarge_v and_o lengthen_v the_o same_o by_o add_v to_o their_o mould_n that_o ship_n of_o burden_n may_v come_v within_o the_o same_o what_o i_o obser_v here_o anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o will_v brief_o declare_v barcelona_n coin_n in_o barcelona_n their_o money_n current_n in_o merchandise_n beside_o the_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v a_o liver_n which_o passeâ—_n here_o at_o 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 24_o sell_v of_o the_o say_a money_n and_o the_o soldo_fw-it be_v twelve_o denier_n of_o that_o money_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n barcelona_n weight_n in_o barcelona_n their_o cantar_n be_v a_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 92_o l._n or_o thereabouts_o and_o have_v make_v by_o observation_n in_o florence_n 123_o l._n genoa_n 130_o l._n valentia_n 106_o l._n marselia_n 104_o l._n venetia_n soot_n 140_o l._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o can_v consist_v of_o eight_o palm_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v thâ—…_n brace_n in_o florence_n and_o in_o england_n find_v to_o produce_v 1â…œ_n yard_n english_a and_o in_o naples_n 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v to_o make_v 6â…œ_n palm_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o quarter_n one_o salmo_n be_v four_o quarter_n sell_v always_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o custom_n 2â…“_n quarter_n make_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v account_v 360_o l._n as_o be_v that_o 〈◊〉_d mention_v aforego_v in_o valentia_n wool_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o rove_n which_o be_v 30_o l._n make_v 26_o l._n of_o venetia_n gross_a whither_o the_o same_o be_v common_o transport_v and_o in_o florence_n 36_o l._n all_o gross_a good_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n account_v 3_o kintars_n which_o be_v 440_o l._n sutle_n of_o venâ—…_n and_o 278_o l._n gross_a there_o which_o be_v 372_o l._n in_o florence_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v english_a 3000â—_n averdupois_n tortosa_n tortosa_n in_o this_o province_n lie_v also_o tortosa_n a_o fine_a small_a city_n but_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n â—…ing_v account_v as_o moor_n be_v some_o year_n before_o my_o be_v here_o banish_v this_o country_n 〈◊〉_d therefore_o most_o place_n lie_v waste_n and_o many_o village_n be_v here_o along_o find_v without_o inhabitâ—…_n and_o the_o ground_n to_o want_v labourer_n arragon_n arragon_n the_o next_o province_n be_v arragon_n wherein_o be_v tarragon_n a_o fine_a and_o handsome_a city_n but_o 〈◊〉_d the_o banishment_n of_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o above_o be_v say_v now_o make_v poor_a in_o my_o 〈◊〉_d there_o in_o 1618._o i_o find_v it_o most_o to_o consist_v in_o make_v of_o silk_n here_o buy_v and_o carry_v to_o irlentia_n to_o be_v wrought_v saragosa_n saragosa_n the_o principal_a city_n hereof_o be_v saragosa_n which_o shall_v challenge_v a_o 〈◊〉_d particular_a relation_n as_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n 〈◊〉_d ebro_n but_o be_v a_o university_n it_o be_v too_o great_a a_o honour_n for_o a_o inland_n town_n to_o prodâ—_n famous_a scholar_n and_o eminent_a merchant_n yet_o in_o the_o current_a coin_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v as_o 〈◊〉_d vâ—dentia_n and_o because_o there_o be_v find_v practise_v here_o a_o great_a exchange_n i_o have_v insert_v 〈◊〉_d same_o by_o itself_o chapter_n 292_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n with_o all_o circumstance_n thereunto_o appertain_v and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v at_o this_o day_n comprise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n chap._n cxx_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o english_a hundred_o england_n weight_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o england_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n thus_o survey_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unworthy_a our_o observation_n first_o to_o see_v how_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o lesser_a city_n here_o omit_v concur_v with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o england_n and_o then_o take_v a_o general_a view_n of_o the_o trade_n which_o be_v in_o general_n find_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o those_o kingdom_n now_o unite_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o castilia_n first_o then_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n i_o will_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o subtle_a 100_o l._n of_o london_n which_o by_o observation_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o sevil_n 108_o l._n by_o great_a quintar_n of_o 144_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 28_o l._n by_o lesser_a quintar_n of_o 120_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n granado_n and_o almeria_n bona_fw-la 104_o l._n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 89_o l._n be_v of_o silk_n and_o copper_n of_o 18_o ounce_n 52_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o flesh_n 32_o ounce_n castilia_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n 98_o l._n burgos_n 89_o rot._n arragon_n and_o barcelona_n 102_o l._n 92_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o woollen_a 126_o l._n small_a weight_n for_o saffron_n valentia_n 102_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n for_o spice_n 129_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n the_o cargo_n be_v those_o quintar_n of_o 360_o l._n and_o the_o great_a of_o 432_o l._n london_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n leon_n 105_o l._n saragosâ—…_n 108_o l._n and_o by_o the_o small_a quintar_n 126_o l._n savalonâ—…_n and_o salanico_fw-la 126_o l._n viliaco_n 77_o l._n note_v here_o that_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n and_o all_o the_o island_n of_o spain_n use_v the_o weight_n of_o sevil_n as_o aforesaid_a now_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n 100_o l._n london_n make_v in_o portugal_n rot._n 104_o l._n the_o great_a quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n the_o small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n contain_v each_o 4_o rove_n of_o 32_o l._n and_o 28_o l._n note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v allowance_n make_v four_o upon_o the_o hundred_o upon_o sugar_n and_o two_o and_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n upon_o cotton_n wool_n and_o such_o like_a the_o small_a quintar_n be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o contractation-house_n of_o the_o indies_n all_o spice_n be_v weigh_v thereby_o but_o all_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o great_a quintal_n and_o reduce_v upon_o the_o lesser_a quintar_n one_o quintar_n of_o wax_n be_v one_o quintar_n and_o half_a of_o 112_o l._n be_v 168_o l._n madera_n 104_o rotolos_n cape_n verd._n 104_o rot._n saint_n thomas_n 104_o rot._n guinea_n 104_o rot._n marocâ—…_n in_o barbary_n 104_o rot._n or_o pound_n by_o the_o quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n fea_z and_o suus_fw-la in_o barbary_n 92_o l._n calicut_n 77_o aracoles_n note_v here_o they_o sell_v by_o the_o baccar_fw-la or_o bahar_n be_v at_o lisbon_n four_o quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o bahar_n be_v 4_o quintar_n for_o 120_o aracoles_n the_o bahar_n or_o bahor_n be_v 20_o faracoles_n of_o
100_o l._n and_o make_v in_o london_n 78_o l._n in_o venetia_n gross_a 73_o l._n in_o venetia_n sotile_v 116_o l._n in_o florence_n 98_o l._n ancona_n measure_n of_o ancona_n their_o measure_n here_o be_v a_o brace_n 106_o whereof_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n 100_o brace_n 10_o cones_n of_o cloth_n in_o florence_n have_v make_v here_o 37½_n brace_n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o staro_n 6½_n have_v make_v a_o sum_n in_o florence_n spoleto_n spoleto_n the_o next_o province_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o spoleto_n the_o principal_a city_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o spalata_n whereof_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n in_o merchandize_v worthy_a the_o note_n that_o i_o find_v and_o their_o weight_n and_o measure_n do_v in_o all_o point_n agree_v with_o venetia_n civitaveccia_fw-it civitaveccia_fw-it the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o country_n be_v saint_n peter_n patrimony_n wherein_o be_v principal_a city_n of_o commerce_n civitaveccia_n which_o have_v a_o pretty_a harbour_n and_o near_o which_o the_o alum_n be_v make_v which_o we_o call_v romish_n or_o roche_n and_o here_o the_o pope_n do_v for_o trade_n sake_n allow_v a_o gentleman_n the_o title_n of_o causul_n for_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o see_v that_o the_o mariner_n who_o be_v apt_a enough_o to_o give_v offence_n be_v not_o wrong_v or_o abuse_v at_o who_o hand_n in_o anno_fw-la 1619._o go_n thence_o as_o a_o merchant_n to_o rome_n i_o sound_v all_o courtesy_n and_o friendship_n and_o pass_v through_o pollidor_n a_o pretty_a town_n in_o the_o christmas_n hely-day_n i_o come_v to_o rome_n where_o what_o i_o do_v observe_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n beside_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o season_n and_o time_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n declare_v chap._n cl._n of_o rome_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rome_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o city_n in_o her_o ancient_a splendour_n be_v fifty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o have_v 750_o tower_n that_o beautify_v her_o wall_n and_o inhabit_v by_o 463000_o family_n but_o now_o the_o compass_n exceed_v not_o ten_o mile_n and_o a_o three_o part_n thereof_o be_v also_o waste_a ground_n and_o have_v two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n clergy_n man_n and_o courtesan_n which_o latter_a be_v here_o account_v to_o be_v 40000_o and_o pay_v 30000_o ducat_n yearly_a tribute_n which_o do_v maintain_v civitaveccia_n two_o galley_n furnish_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o saburrahs_n as_o the_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n in_o rome_n but_o leave_v this_o private_a trade_n to_o the_o virgin_n friar_n i_o come_v to_o the_o public_a commerce_n of_o this_o city_n which_o according_a to_o my_o observation_n be_v follow_v rome_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n wine_n oil_n silk_n glove_n alum_n lute-string_n kid-skin_n and_o some_o fabric_n make_v of_o silk_n and_o from_o england_n it_o receive_v lead_v tin_n bays_n say_v stuff_n pilchard_n herring_n white_a and_o red_a newland_n fish_n calves-skin_n salt_n salmon_n tallow_n wax_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v land_v at_o civitaveccia_n and_o thence_o transport_v by_o boat_n and_o birks_n to_o rome_n along_o the_o so_o much_o famous_v river_n of_o tiber_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o rome_n coin_n in_o rome_n the_o coin_n of_o all_o italy_n pass_v here_o current_a but_o the_o principal_a of_o this_o country_n that_o be_v current_n be_v the_o ducat_n or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v worth_a 11_o julios_fw-la or_o paulos_n the_o crown_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o paulos_n which_o be_v 100_o baioche_n or_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v worth_a 10_o baioche_n or_o 40_o quatrin_n the_o baioche_n be_v worth_a 10_o quatrin_n or_o 1_o sold._n 4_o den._n small_a money_n of_o rome_n rome_n account_n in_o rome_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o crown_n julios_fw-la baioche_n and_o quatrin_n as_o above_o and_o sorne_v in_o ducat_n of_o camera_n or_o destampe_n of_o which_o 97_o 11_o 3._o make_v 100_o of_o gold_n rome_n weight_n in_o rome_n their_o quintal_n in_o rome_n be_v 100_o and_o make_v in_o london_n 80_o l._n and_o with_o other_o country_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o venetia_n sotile_fw-la 119_o l._n in_o naples_n 106_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 75_o l._n florence_n 102_o l._n genoa_n 110_o l._n but_o note_n that_o of_o these_o quintar_n of_o 100_o l._n be_v frame_v two_o different_a weight_n with_o allowance_n give_v thereupon_o as_o in_o sale_n of_o spice_n and_o such_o like_a the_o quintar_n thereof_o be_v account_v to_o be_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a weight_n 160_o l._n and_o the_o second_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o gross_a good_n account_v to_o be_v 250_o l._n to_o the_o quintar_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o a_o commodity_n and_o therefore_o the_o commodity_n and_o the_o weight_n whereby_o it_o be_v sell_v be_v to_o be_v observe_v rome_n measure_n in_o rome_n they_o use_v also_o two_o measure_n in_o length_n the_o one_o for_o linen_n and_o woollen_a call_v the_o cane_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n and_o 30_o cane_n be_v 100_o brace_n venetia_n the_o other_o which_o they_o call_v the_o brace_n which_o be_v 3â…“_n palm_n of_o the_o say_a cane_n which_o brace_n render_v in_o flerence_n 1½_n brace_n the_o first_o make_v in_o london_n inch_n and_o the_o latter_a inch_n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o rugio_n which_o render_v in_o genoa_n 1â…ž_n mins_n and_o in_o florence_n 8¼_n stâ—ios_n and_o be_v 412_o l._n of_o rome_n and_o be_v in_o england_n gallon_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a occasion_n that_o clergyman_n from_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n have_v to_o use_v money_n in_o this_o city_n the_o exchange_n thereof_o be_v most_o worthy_a observation_n therefore_o i_o have_v handle_v the_o same_o in_o the_o 278_o and_o 326_o chapter_n with_o all_o circumstance_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o from_o rome_n i_o will_v take_v my_o way_n to_o venetia_n and_o to_o that_o republic_n and_o see_v what_o be_v there_o more_o worthy_a in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n chap._n cli_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venetia_n and_o the_o city_n of_o trade_n therein_o thereof_o venetia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venetia_n contain_v these_o province_n la_fw-fr marca_n trevigiana_n friâ—…_n histria_n part_n of_o dalmatia_n and_o the_o island_n of_o candy_n corfu_n cephalonia_n ithaca_n zâ—…_n lucaia_n cythera_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o i_o find_v these_o principal_a city_n of_o trade_n first_o treviso_n next_o palâ—…_n a_o famous_a university_n for_o physic_n next_o vicentia_n next_o bressia_n which_o be_v account_v the_o second_o for_o greatness_n in_o lombardy_n next_o verona_n also_o a_o fair_a city_n of_o crema_fw-la a_o strong_a fort_n aquilegia_fw-la once_o of_o great_a circuit_n now_o devour_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o venetia_n parma_n a_o modern_a town_n build_v by_o the_o venetian_n within_o these_o late_a year_n next_o be_v cape_n de_fw-fr istria_n pola_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o this_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v venice_n itself_o of_o these_o or_o as_o many_o as_o have_v gather_v any_o observation_n i_o shall_v declare_v chap._n clii_o of_o treviso_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o treviso_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o treviso_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o that_o province_n which_o to_o the_o venetian_n be_v know_v by_o marca_n trevigiana_n and_o commodious_o seat_v for_o a_o inland-trade_n the_o chief_a city_n venetian_n deprive_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o any_o eminent_a honour_n in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n therefore_o herein_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o brief_a and_o first_o for_o their_o coin_n current_a and_o their_o account_n keep_v i_o willing_o omit_v the_o same_o as_o to_o be_v find_v more_o at_o large_a under_o the_o title_n of_o venetia_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n thereof_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a that_o i_o set_v here_o the_o agree_v ment_n thereof_o with_o venetia_n as_o be_v seat_v within_o that_o commonwealth_n treviso_n weight_n of_o treviso_n treviso_n be_v find_v then_o to_o have_v two_o several_a weight_n a_o gross_a and_o subtle_a in_o the_o same_o mannâ—_n as_o venetia_n which_o thus_o agree_v together_o 100_o l._n gross_a in_o treviso_n make_v gross_a in_o venetia_n 92½_n l._n 100_o l._n subtle_a in_o treviso_n make_v subtle_a in_o venetia_n 112_o l._n 100_o l._n subtle_a venetia_n give_v in_o treviso_n subtle_a 89½_n l._n 100_o l._n subtle_a venetia_n give_v in_o treviso_n gross_a 58â…“_n l._n 100_o l._n subtle_a treviso_n make_v gross_a in_o venetia_n 70_o l._n all_o which_o consider_v the_o thousand_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v treviso_n measure_n of_o treviso_n 1000_o l._n subtle_a treviso_n be_v 1125_o l._n subtle_a venetia_n 1000_o l._n gross_a
of_o some_o of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o england_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n for_o their_o encouragement_n in_o trade_n and_o their_o general_a inclination_n thereto_o so_o they_o in_o themselves_o have_v be_v chief_o want_v to_o themselves_o and_o have_v suffer_v a_o loss_n to_o fall_v insensible_o upon_o they_o that_o have_v be_v the_o great_a ruin_n of_o their_o traffic_n comprise_v within_o mystery_n the_o of_o these_o their_o new_a impost_n and_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o navigator_n which_o that_o prince_n must_v ever_o careful_o avoid_v that_o will_v have_v his_o country_n and_o subject_n thrive_v thereby_o and_o have_v now_o lose_v all_o their_o trade_n to_o all_o other_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n only_o except_v their_o ship_n and_o galley_n be_v decay_v and_o their_o mariner_n flee_v from_o they_o some_o spark_n be_v see_v yet_o to_o remain_v but_o the_o great_a fire_n of_o their_o mighty_a traffic_n be_v extinguish_v it_o will_v not_o be_v needful_a for_o i_o to_o rake_v the_o ash_n and_o observe_v further_o that_o little_a coal_n that_o be_v yet_o rest_v unconsume_v among_o they_o chap._n clix_o of_o florence_n and_o the_o city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n thereof_o florence_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o the_o dukedom_n of_o florence_n contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o tuscany_n and_o now_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o signiory_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n with_o the_o republic_n of_o pisa_n and_o sienna_n the_o principal_a marine_a port_n whereof_o be_v leghorn_n which_o may_v be_v account_v the_o best_a and_o one_o of_o the_o great_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n not_o only_o thus_o continue_v and_o preserve_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n alone_o but_o of_o other_o nation_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o place_n and_o the_o freedom_n give_v to_o stranger_n and_o merchant_n and_o principal_o because_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n may_v be_v here_o land_v free_a of_o all_o custom_n duty_n and_o impost_n this_o scale_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o it_o be_v famous_a throughout_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o ocean_n sea_n in_o this_o republic_n i_o find_v only_o four_o city_n of_o consequence_n that_o challenge_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n my_o observation_n which_o be_v florence_n itself_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o dukedom_n next_o sienna_n than_o pisa_n and_o last_o the_o above_o mention_v town_n of_o leghorn_n tuscany_n commodity_n of_o tuscany_n these_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n some_o marble_n rice_n wines_n oil_n quantity_n of_o silk_n both_o raw_a and_o wrought_v in_o stuff_n famous_a for_o their_o fabric_n throughout_o europe_n as_o satin_n taffeta_n velvet_n grogram_n plush_n and_o the_o like_a call_v common_o of_o florence_n from_o england_n be_v here_o vend_v pepper_n cloves_n mace_n indigo_n calico_n as_o be_v east-india_n commodity_n and_o lead_v tin_n clothâ—_n bays_n serges_n perpetuano_n as_o native_a and_o the_o english_a also_o bring_v hither_o herring_n white_a and_o red_a pickle_a salmon_n newland_n fish_n pilchard_n calves-skin_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n merchant_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n a_o great_a merchant_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_v and_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a merchant_n in_o europe_n forget_v not_o that_o his_o ancestor_n do_v raise_v themselves_o by_o traffic_n to_o the_o greatness_n and_o height_n he_o now_o do_v hold_v and_o to_o this_o end_n be_v find_v in_o leghorn_n a_o stock_n proper_o run_v in_o trade_n for_o his_o account_n which_o be_v employ_v in_o traffic_n as_o occasion_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandise_n do_v present_v itself_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o cosmi_fw-la the_o second_o be_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o florence_n that_o have_v the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscaâ—y_n confer_v upon_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n with_o that_o title_n give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o by_o pope_n pius_n the_o five_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o since_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n successor_n have_v desire_v of_o succeed_a pope_n the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o it_o have_v be_v always_o obstruct_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o will_v endure_v no_o king_n in_o italy_n but_o himself_o and_o refuse_v by_o the_o pope_n as_o too_o lordly_a a_o title_n this_o duke_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_v know_v that_o his_o predecessor_n raise_v themselves_o by_o traffic_n to_o the_o greatness_n he_o now_o do_v hold_v his_o territory_n be_v separate_v on_o the_o east_n from_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n by_o the_o river_n pisco_n on_o the_o west_n from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n by_o the_o river_n macra_n on_o the_o north_n from_o romandiola_n and_o marca_n anconitano_n by_o the_o apennine_a hill_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n be_v about_o 260_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o some_o place_n as_o much_o in_o breadth_n the_o country_n between_o florence_n and_o leghorn_n be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n be_v full_a of_o spacious_a field_n and_o fruitful_a valley_n here_o and_o there_o a_o pleasant_a mountain_n equalize_v they_o for_o fertility_n abundant_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o delicious_a wine_n and_o beautify_v with_o many_o delicate_a city_n and_o town_n and_o in_o a_o word_n plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o the_o benediction_n of_o nature_n the_o inhabitant_n profess_v the_o reman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o great_a dukeâ—_n dominion_n may_v be_v fit_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n the_o city_n and_o territory_n first_o of_o florence_n 2._o pisa_n 3._o sienna_n 4._o and_o last_o the_o island_n situate_v in_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n the_o estate_n of_o florence_n take_v up_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n dominion_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o territory_n of_o pisa_n and_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o apennine_a hill_n so_o call_v from_o florence_n the_o principal_a city_n for_o beauty_n and_o trade_n within_o this_o territory_n nicholas_n machiavelli_n that_o unhappy_a man_n be_v once_o secretary_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n who_o but_o for_o publish_v that_o which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v by_o prince_n have_v entail_v a_o edium_fw-la upon_o his_o name_n for_o aught_o any_o know_v to_o all_o posterity_n but_o to_o our_o business_n next_o to_o be_v handle_v which_o be_v the_o description_n and_o trade_n of_o florence_n chap._n clx_o of_o florence_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o florence_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n be_v seat_v near_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n arne_n and_o chian_a and_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a city_n and_o abound_v with_o public_a and_o private_a building_n of_o great_a beauty_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o suppose_a to_o be_v call_v florentia_n à _fw-la situ_fw-la florenti_fw-la it_o be_v in_o compass_n six_o mile_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n who_o here_o have_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o do_v consist_v in_o fabric_n of_o silk_n that_o here_o be_v make_v and_o be_v hence_o proper_o call_v and_o in_o the_o exchange_n here_o be_v use_v and_o practise_v by_o banker_n for_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v lose_v the_o honour_n of_o merchandize_v which_o ancient_o they_o have_v when_o eminent_a factor_n from_o hence_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n and_o england_n and_o to_o other_o country_n to_o reside_v who_o manage_v a_o very_a great_a trade_n now_o total_o decay_v what_o i_o have_v find_v from_o other_o or_o observe_v myself_o 1619._o when_o i_o be_v here_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o for_o the_o present_a occurrence_n of_o the_o place_n florence_n account_n in_o florence_n the_o merchant_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sell_v and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr and_o other_o again_o in_o crown_n sol_fw-la and_o denier_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 7½_n per_fw-la crown_n account_v 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o crown_n but_o all_o their_o commodity_n be_v sell_v by_o laures_n sold_n and_o denier_n of_o their_o money_n and_o to_o reduce_v livre_n into_o crown_n multiply_v by_o 2_o and_o divide_v by_o 15_o because_o 15_o half_a livre_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o say_v livre_n into_o ducat_n 1_o 7_o be_v to_o be_v take_v florence_n coin_n current_a in_o
florence_n the_o coin_n current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o picol_n the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n or_o 70_o bolognini_n the_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7½_n livre_n in_o picholi_fw-la whereas_o the_o custom_n be_v different_a from_o other_o country_n wherein_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v not_o find_v to_o have_v any_o constant_a rate_n with_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n and_o be_v adjust_v therewith_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o exchange_n the_o livre_fw-fr be_v 20_o sold_n and_o account_v to_o be_v 9_o d._n sterling_a the_o ducat_n be_v 7_o livre_n be_v account_v there_o 5_o s._n 3_o d._n sterling_a the_o seudo_fw-la or_o crown_n of_o 7½_n liures_fw-fr be_v consequent_o 5_o s._n 7½_n sterling_a the_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o divide_v to_o 12_o crache_n whereof_o 8_o be_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_a 5_o quatrin_n be_v a_o crach_n and_o 60_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr florence_n weight_n of_o florence_n divers_a observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n of_o florence_n which_o be_v 100_o l._n or_o quintel_n of_o 12_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n the_o most_o note_a i_o will_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o truth_n to_o he_o that_o have_v a_o cause_n of_o trial_n because_o i_o have_v receive_v they_o upon_o trust_n the_o 100_o l._n then_o have_v be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o place_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o florence_n have_v render_v in_o anvers_n 73_o l._n lion_n 76_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 88_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_fw-fr 114_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_a 71_o  _fw-fr sienna_n 103_o  _fw-fr pulia_n 104_o  _fw-fr lucca_n 102_o  _fw-fr bologna_n 95_o  _fw-fr farrara_n 101_o  _fw-fr milan_n 117_o  _fw-fr milan_n 103_o  _fw-fr cremona_n 113_o  _fw-fr roma_n 98_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 108_o  _fw-fr marselia_n 91_o  _fw-fr barcelona_n 71_o  _fw-fr valentia_n 96_o  _fw-fr granado_n 66_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 75_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 92_o  _fw-fr paris_n subtle_a 90_o  _fw-fr paris_n gross_a 112_o  _fw-fr brussia_n 78_o  _fw-fr london_n 78_o  _fw-fr ancona_n 98_o  _fw-fr majorca_n 92_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n sotile_fw-fr rot._n 44_o  _fw-fr and_o gross_a r._n 48_o  _fw-fr tunis_n 100_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n r._n 15¾_n r._n ditto_n silk_n 16¾_n  _fw-fr tripoli_n soria_n 19_o  _fw-fr ditto_n barbaria_n 67¾_n  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 152_o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 162_o  _fw-fr alex._n forfori_n 81_o 6_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la and_o smyrna_n 71_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 64_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 14_o 3_o  _fw-fr acria_n 12_o 8_o  _fw-fr babylonia_n 10_o 10_o  _fw-fr balsara_n 500½_n m._n ormus_n 75_o 10_o  _fw-fr florence_n measure_n of_o florence_n asdruball_n of_o weight_n former_o compare_v so_o do_v i_o find_v the_o brace_n of_o this_o place_n whereby_o all_o commodity_n be_v measure_v and_o upon_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o florence_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o make_v the_o cane_n be_v 4_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n be_v in_o london_n 49_o ell_n anvers_n 81_o  _fw-fr frankford_n 102_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 67_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 71_o  _fw-fr lion_n 49_o  _fw-fr paris_n 46_o aulns_n roven_n 42_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 49_o vares_n sevil_n 24_o  _fw-fr madera_n 50_o  _fw-fr venice_n 88_o brace_n lucca_n 97_o  _fw-fr milan_n 112_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 235_o  _fw-fr note_n that_o all_o wrought_a silk_n be_v here_o buy_v by_o the_o pound_n weight_n and_o not_o by_o the_o cane_n noâ—_n brace_n abovementioned_a wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cogno_fw-it which_o be_v 10_o barrel_n and_o 1_o barrel_n be_v 40_o metadel_n or_o 20_o bottle_n or_o flask_n each_o bottle_n be_v 2_o metadel_n the_o barrel_n be_v to_o weigh_v 120_o l._n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o orcio_n which_o be_v a_o barrel_n and_o contain_v 32_o metadel_n which_o ought_v to_o weigh_v 85_o l._n corn._n of_o corn._n grain_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o moggio_n and_o be_v staio_n 24_o and_o the_o staio_n be_v 50_o l._n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o staio_n which_o weigh_v 72_o l._n florence_n agreement_n of_o dry_a measure_n of_o florence_n the_o agreement_n of_o the_o staio_n of_o corn_n i_o find_v thus_o compute_v with_o other_o city_n staios_n 3¾_n of_o corn_n in_o florence_n be_v 1_o sache_n of_o venetia_n staios_n 3_o in_o florence_n make_v 1_o sache_n in_o pisa_n staios_n 2â…˜_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o plombino_n 1_o staio_n staios_n 8¾_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o rome_n 1_o rotulo_n staios_n 10½_n in_o florence_n make_v in_o palermo_n a_o general_a salmo_n staios_n 13_o in_o florence_n make_v in_o misnia_n a_o gross_a salmo_n staios_n 1½_n in_o florennce_n be_v in_o naples_n 1_o tomolo_fw-la 16_o tom._n be_v a_o salm._n there_o staios_n 6½_n in_o florence_n be_v in_o ancona_n 1_o somo_n of_o corn._n moggio_n 1_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o arles_n 10½_n sesterce_n staios_n 3_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o marselia_n 2_o mine_n staios_n 60_o in_o florence_n be_v in_o britain_n a_o tun_n of_o corn._n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o florence_n because_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o accord_v other_o city_n to_o this_o and_o therefore_o to_o make_v this_o the_o more_o absolute_a i_o have_v add_v the_o follow_a concordancy_n of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o this_o place_n with_o other_o country_n follow_v which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v for_o due_a trial_n chap._n clxi_o of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o several_a city_n in_o italy_n with_o other_o city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n etc._n agreement_n of_o dry_a measure_n in_o sundry_a city_n of_o italy_n etc._n etc._n now_o forasmuch_o as_o i_o find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o accord_v so_o many_o city_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o corn_n salt_n wine_n etc._n etc._n i_o will_v here_o add_v what_o i_o have_v collect_v therein_o which_o proper_o may_v best_o follow_v the_o precede_a agreement_n of_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o florence_n first_o then_o a_o mine_n of_o corn_n in_o avignon_n be_v 1_o staio_n of_o pisa_n a_o anne_n of_o lion_n be_v 8_o staios_n of_o florence_n which_o anne_n of_o lion_n be_v there_o account_v 6_o buccet_n a_o quarter_n of_o england_n be_v 11_o staios_n of_o florence_n a_o moggio_n of_o grain_n in_o florence_n be_v 3_o annes_n in_o lion_n which_o moggio_n be_v account_v 10_o sesterce_n there_o and_o the_o same_o in_o provence_n alquier_n 104_o of_o portugal_n be_v 40_o buccet_n of_o lion_n 1_o muy_fw-es of_o orleans_n and_o 12_o in_o 13_o mine_n make_v 13_o buccet_n of_o lion_n 1_o tun_n of_o grain_n either_o in_o picardy_n or_o normandy_n to_o be_v lade_v aboard_o their_o ship_n be_v 16_o mine_n which_o be_v 2â…”_n in_o moggios_n which_o be_v 24_o mine_n and_o the_o 24_o mine_n there_o be_v 3â…“_n moggio_n of_o florence_n and_o 1_o mine_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v 3½_n staios_n incirca_fw-la of_o florence_n 1_o tun_n of_o corn_n lade_v in_o britain_n be_v account_v to_o hold_v and_o make_v 60_o staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o fanega_n in_o calais_n be_v 2â…›_n staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o salmo_n general_a of_o sicilia_n be_v in_o portugal_n alquier_v 22½_n the_o say_v salmo_n of_o sicilia_n be_v 11¼_n staios_n in_o florence_n the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o sicilia_n be_v 17_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o the_o general_n the_o salmo_n of_o calabria_n be_v 6_o tumelle_n of_o naples_n the_o tomolo_fw-la of_o naples_n be_v 2_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o carro_n of_o apulia_n be_v 3_o moggio_n of_o florence_n alquier_v 4½_n of_o lisbon_n be_v 1_o fanega_n in_o andalusia_n 1_o fanega_n be_v 2_o staios_n of_o florence_n and_o a_o little_a more_o so_o that_o the_o staio_n of_o florence_n may_v be_v account_v the_o fanaga_n and_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n 2â…™_n staio_n one_o moggio_n of_o florence_n make_v in_o arles_n 4â…“_n sesterce_n and_o in_o marselia_n do_v make_v 2_o sesterce_n the_o staio_n of_o venice_n come_v to_o make_v one_o sack_n of_o pica_n or_o little_o less_o the_o mine_n of_o corn_n of_o genova_n be_v 4½_n staio_n of_o florence_n the_o sesterce_n 5_o of_o grain_n in_o avignon_n be_v one_o salmo_n of_o sicilia_n a_o car_n of_o corn_n in_o milan_n be_v in_o calais_n 34½_n fanega_n and_o make_v in_o lisbon_n 145_o alquier_n of_o 36_o tomolos_n of_o naples_n the_o carro_n the_o 500_o retibe_n of_o corn_n in_o alexandria_n be_v in_o leghorn_n 1090_o sack_n the_o staio_n 63_o of_o corn_n of_o ferrara_n make_v just_o a_o carro_n and_o this_o carro_n make_v in_o constantinople_n 57_o cassise_n the_o retibe_n of_o alexandria_n be_v in_o legborn_n 6â…•_n staios_n the_o cillâ—a_n of_o chavella_n be_v 3_o staios_n of_o florence_n 1_o tun_n of_o grain_n in_o britain_n be_v 60_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o cassise_n of_o corn_n in_o valentia_n in_o spain_n be_v â…”_n of_o a_o general_a
these_o be_v only_a worth_n the_o mention_v as_o to_o our_o business_n of_o trade_n chap._n cxliv_o of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n milan_n dukedom_n of_o milan_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o spaniard_n be_v rich_a in_o nature_n gift_n as_o esteem_v the_o garden_n of_o italy_n afford_v plenty_n of_o corn_n rice_n wines_n oil_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n it_o have_v therein_o also_o many_o fair_a city_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v first_o milan_n the_o principal_a of_o the_o whole_a duchy_n second_o pavia_n three_o alexandria_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pallia_fw-la four_o cremona_n and_o five_o como_n of_o as_o many_o of_o which_o as_o be_v needful_a i_o shall_v touch_v the_o particular_n chap._n cxlv_o of_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o milan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o milan_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n and_o the_o great_a of_o lombardy_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v account_v impregnable_a it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o contain_v seven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n it_o be_v furnish_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n with_o many_o great_a merchant_n or_o rather_o as_o i_o may_v more_o proper_o call_v they_o shopkeeper_n abound_v in_o many_o rich_a manufacture_n of_o silk_n and_o iron_n for_o sword-blade_n for_o cannon_n musket_n and_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n as_o silk-stocking_n chamlet_n fustian_n gold-thread_n and_o sundry_a other_o commodity_n here_o disperse_v into_o savoy_n france_n and_o other_o adjoin_a country_n milan_n account_n in_o milan_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o milan_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o liures_fw-fr sol_fw-it and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr which_o livre_fw-fr may_v be_v sterl_n 12_o penny_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o 280_o and_o 410_o chapter_n milan_n coin_n in_o milan_n the_o coin_n current_a in_o milan_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o milan_n be_v incirca_fw-la 100_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v worth_a about_o 96_o or_o 98_o sol._n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n italian_n be_v 5_o livre_n and_o 6_o sol_fw-mi imperial_a a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 5_o and_o 18_o sol_n be_v liures_fw-fr 6_o imperial_a a_o ducace_n imperial_a be_v esteem_v 4_o livre_n a_o ducat_n of_o milan_n or_o imperial_a of_o liures_fw-fr 4_o per_fw-la duc._n and_o so_o they_o count_v it_o in_o exchange_n the_o which_o they_o pay_v in_o crown_n of_o italy_n at_o 101_o sol_fw-la per_fw-la duc._n note_v that_o the_o crown_n in_o milan_n run_v in_o merchandise_n for_o sol_n 110_o and_o the_o ducat_n for_o the_o same_o note_v also_o that_o the_o imperial_a coin_n be_v the_o current_n of_o this_o country_n but_o french_a italian_a and_o spanish_a pass_v here_o also_o in_o merchandise_n as_o be_v place_v between_o the_o two_o former_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o last_o milan_n weight_n in_o milan_n the_o weight_n of_o milan_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venetia_n sotile_v 108_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 66_o  _fw-fr florentia_n 97_o  _fw-fr genova_n 106_o  _fw-fr lion_n 69_o  _fw-fr london_n 70_o  _fw-fr milan_n measure_n of_o milan_n in_o milan_n they_o have_v two_o brace_n the_o cloth_n and_o the_o silk_n upon_o the_o 100_o brace_n silk_n have_v be_v make_v these_o observation_n and_o to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 43_o ells._n antwerp_n 72_o  _fw-fr frankfort_n 90_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 60_o  _fw-fr vienna_n 63_o  _fw-fr lion_n 44_o auln_n paris_n 41_o  _fw-fr genova_n 207_o palm_n roven_n 37_o auln_v lisbon_n 43_o var._n sevil_n 58_o  _fw-fr madera_n 44_o  _fw-fr venetia_n 78_o brac._n lucques_n 86_o  _fw-fr florence_n 88_o  _fw-fr milan_n exchange_n of_o milan_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o experience_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v trial_n herein_o far_o and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o cremona_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o general_a chapter_n thereof_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n viz._n 280_o and_o 410_o chapter_n chap._n clxvi_o of_o cremona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o cremona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o cremona_n be_v the_o second_o city_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o duchy_n which_o endeavour_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o imitate_v and_o second_v milan_n in_o her_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n gold-thread_n etc._n etc._n weight_n weight_n their_o common_a weight_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v by_o trial_n be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o venctia_n sotile_n 104_o l._n and_o by_o the_o gross_a of_o venetia_n 65_o in_o 66_o l._n in_o florence_n 86_o l._n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o florence_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o carigas_n 18_o thereof_o be_v 1000_o l._n venetia_n in_o oil_n carrigas_n 15_o be_v account_v for_o a_o 1000_o l._n of_o cheese_n in_o venetia_n carigas_fw-la 11_o be_v account_v of_o honey_n 8¼_n staios_n of_o venetia_n chap._n clxvii_o of_o como_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o como_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o como_n be_v make_v more_o famous_a by_o the_o lake_n whereon_o it_o be_v seat_v be_v 50_o mile_n about_o than_o by_o the_o trade_n thereof_o though_o it_o may_v well_o be_v imagine_v the_o same_o do_v add_v a_o good_a furtherance_n thereto_o by_o the_o benefit_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o and_o by_o transport_v ware_n to_o neighbour_a place_n seat_v thereabouts_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n thereof_o be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n which_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o produce_v in_o venice_n suttle_n 108_o and_o gross_a 67_o l._n which_o in_o london_n be_v 72_o l._n averdupois_n or_o thereabouts_o measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n account_v to_o be_v corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v here_o 14_o pesos_n and_o every_o peso_n be_v 10_o l._n at_o â—0_n ow_v per_fw-la l._n which_o in_o venetia_n be_v 378_o l._n suttle_n which_o be_v 305_o l._n gross_a so_o that_o the_o say_v 14_o pesos_n be_v in_o venetia_n 1â…›_n staios_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o do_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o proceed_v to_o mantua_n and_o the_o dukedom_n chap._n clxviii_o of_o mantua_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mantua_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mantua_n have_v some_o other_o city_n of_o quality_n subject_n thereto_o but_o be_v debar_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o environ_v with_o potent_a neighbour_n that_o hinder_v the_o commerce_n thereof_o i_o will_v therefore_o reduce_v what_o i_o have_v collect_v more-worthy_a to_o the_o city_n of_o mantua_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o strong_a town_n environ_v on_o three_o part_n with_o a_o lake_n of_o good_a breadth_n and_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n on_o the_o rest_n through_o this_o lake_n run_v a_o river_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o po_n which_o be_v a_o famous_a stream_n in_o these_o part_n and_o much_o enrich_v this_o country_n and_o further_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o duchy_n mantua_n commodity_n of_o mantua_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o dukedom_n be_v certain_a fabric_n of_o silk_n such_o as_o be_v taffetaes_n satin_n camlet_n water_v and_o the_o like_a mantua_n account_n in_o mantua_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr 5_o of_o which_o livre_n make_v a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n large_a 9_o 12_o sol_fw-la make_v a_o ducatoon_n of_o mantua_n or_o 115_o sol_n of_o milan_n which_o be_v account_v sterl_n mantua_n weight_n in_o mantua_n they_o weigh_v in_o mantua_n by_o a_o peso_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o 1000_o l._n 25_o l._n be_v the_o peso_fw-es and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n suttle_n 108_o l._n and_o venice_n gross_a 66â…”_n l._n in_o florence_n 98_o l._n and_o in_o london_n by_o observation_n of_o some_o 71_o l._n averdupois_n mantua_n measure_n in_o mantua_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n which_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o cloth_n brace_n of_o venice_n within_o a_o small_a matter_n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o staio_n 100_o whereof_o be_v in_o venetia_n 40_o staios_n and_o 1_o staios_n weigh_v about_o 80_o l._n of_o mantua_n weight_n fair._n aste_n a_o fair._n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v also_o aste_n where_o be_v yearly_o keep_v a_o great_a and_o notable_a fair_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n where_o many_o immunity_n be_v grant_v to_o merchant_n during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o say_v fair_a do_v continue_v and_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n and_o thus_o much_o i_o have_v observe_v of_o this_o duchy_n
chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n â—0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o
crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n jul._n per_fw-la crown_n divide_v by_o 15_o and_o subtract_v the_o quotient_a from_o the_o sum_n divide_v and_o the_o remainder_n be_v your_o demand_n again_o to_o bring_v crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n jul._n into_o ducat_n of_o 7_o livre_n divide_v by_o 4_o and_o the_o quotient_a add_v to_o the_o sum_n divide_v will_v answer_v your_o desire_n there_o be_v ever_o find_v between_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o money_n of_o legorn_n a_o lagio_n which_o be_v both_o subject_n to_o one_o prince_n be_v conceive_v by_o some_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o merchant_n if_o they_o will_v endeavour_v it_o but_o they_o that_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v the_o reason_n give_v on_o both_o side_n and_o advise_v he_o that_o have_v monies_n in_o florence_n and_o be_v resident_a in_o legorn_n to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n thereof_o and_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o lagio_n as_o the_o current_a rate_n will_v permit_v he_o till_o the_o business_n may_v be_v better_o rectify_v and_o the_o controversy_n by_o a_o equality_n may_v be_v decide_v and_o determine_v florence_n weight_n in_o florence_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o florence_n the_o pound_n 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 75_o l._n but_o some_o commodity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o quintal_n of_o 150_o l._n which_o be_v 113_o l._n english_a and_o some_o by_o a_o quintal_n of_o 160_o l._n as_o fish_n wool_n and_o which_o be_v 121_o l._n english_a the_o english_a 112_o l._n make_v about_o 147½_n l._n of_o this_o place_n legorn_n 112_o l._n of_o london_n be_v 146_o l._n legorn_n note_v that_o 150_o l._n be_v here_o a_o kintar_n of_o allom_n and_o be_v 113â…ž_n l._n 151_o l._n make_v a_o kintar_n of_o sugar_n be_v 114â…“_n l._n english_a 1â—0_o l._n make_v a_o kintar_n of_o fish_n be_v 121½_n l._n english_a 100_o l._n be_v a_o kintar_n of_o all_o other_o commodity_n and_o be_v 75_o 11_o 12_o l._n english_a and_o be_v 108_o l._n in_o genova_n florence_n measure_n in_o florence_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o brace_n 4_o brace_n make_v a_o cane_n 50_o cane_n be_v 200_o brace_n and_o find_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a 1_o brace_n of_o florence_n be_v 23_o inch_n english_a of_o 12_o to_o a_o foot_n so_o that_o 100_o brace_n make_v â—0_n yard_n 48_o ells._n their_o corn_n and_o salt_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 3_o stare_v be_v a_o sack_n and_o 3â…”_n sack_n be_v a_o salmo_n or_o 41_o stare_v be_v a_o salmo_n and_o this_o salmo_n iâ—_n account_v a_o london_n quarter_n also_o they_o have_v another_o measure_v call_v a_o maggio_n which_o be_v 8_o sack_n or_o 24_o stare_v be_v a_o maggio_n and_o a_o stare_v of_o good_a corn_n have_v be_v note_v to_o weigh_v 50_o l._n in_o legorn_n ligorn_n english_a commodity_n vend_v in_o ligorn_n from_o england_n be_v vend_v here_o bay_n sesse_n serges_n clothes_n perpetuanoe_n lead_v tin_n calves-skin_n hide_n oistracan-hides_a salt_n salmon_n pilchard_n caviar_n herring_n tallow_n also_o pepper_n ginger_n mace_n cloves_n nutmeg_n indigo_n and_o such_o indian_a commodity_n tuscany_n commodity_n of_o tuscany_n this_o place_n be_v the_o great_a scale_n of_o trade_n in_o tuscany_n be_v find_v hence_o to_o be_v send_v into_o other_o part_n oil_n wine_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v rice_n anniseed_n argal_o and_o all_o other_o italian_a and_o turkish_a commodity_n legorn_n custom_n in_o the_o port_n of_o legorn_n all_o good_n enter_v here_o to_o be_v sell_v be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o custom_n for_o a_o year_n but_o if_o keep_v a_o full_a year_n do_v then_o pay_v a_o custom_n and_o if_o sale_n present_v not_o in_o that_o time_n the_o merchant_n may_v ship_v the_o same_o out_o again_o without_o charge_n but_o if_o for_o the_o advance_v of_o his_o commodity_n he_o send_v the_o same_o into_o other_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o tuscany_n than_o the_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o pisa_n as_o be_v there_o mention_v to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o inquirer_n and_o leave_v tuscany_n i_o will_v pass_v over_o to_o genova_n chap._n clxxiv_o of_o genova_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o genova_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o state_n of_o genova_n comprehend_v finali_fw-la sarasena_n and_o noli_fw-la city_n of_o small_a import_n the_o metropolis_n genova_n be_v the_o mistress_n of_o this_o republic_n be_v account_v eight_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o inhabit_v by_o the_o great_a money-monger_n or_o usurer_n in_o the_o world_n who_o if_o they_o will_v not_o distrust_v god_n with_o their_o wealth_n by_o sea_n will_v easy_o become_v and_o be_v account_v famous_a merchant_n their_o usury_n be_v excessive_a and_o have_v more_o than_o once_o bring_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n into_o their_o book_n for_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n but_o he_o have_v the_o trick_n of_o fail_v in_o his_o payment_n and_o performance_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v satisfy_v they_o in_o blanco_n in_o lieu_n of_o be_v pay_v in_o banco_n but_o i_o refer_v this_o to_o they_o that_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v and_o to_o draw_v to_o my_o observation_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v gather_v upon_o this_o city_n this_o city_n will_v prove_v the_o most_o famous_a in_o all_o these_o sea_n for_o trading_n be_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n such_o note_a politician_n and_o great_a biter_n by_o exchange_n that_o no_o stranger_n can_v live_v among_o they_o for_o they_o envy_v the_o great_a commerce_n practise_v in_o legorn_n their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o may_v exceed_v legorn_v will_v their_o greedy_a covetousness_n permit_v they_o and_o suffer_v merchant_n to_o bring_v their_o good_n thither_o upon_o small_a charge_n but_o that_o sovereign_a must_v not_o expect_v a_o plentiful_a trade_n that_o will_v have_v also_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v upon_o all_o good_n and_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o lose_v the_o traffic_n of_o his_o country_n needs_o no_o other_o way_n to_o do_v it_o but_o by_o impose_v heavy_a custom_n upon_o merchant_n and_o their_o commodity_n but_o to_o their_o better_a consideration_n i_o refer_v this_o point_n and_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n their_o own_o common_a proverb_n which_o admit_v hardly_o any_o merchant_n to_o live_v or_o their_z among_o they_o genova_n fatta_fw-mi per_fw-la noi_fw-it their_o city_n be_v only_o make_v for_o themselves_o genova_n account_n in_o genova_n in_o genova_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n the_o denier_n be_v 12_o to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 120_o ray_n of_o portugal_n and_o 16_o d._n sterling_n genova_n money_n in_o genova_n their_o current_a money_n be_v divers_a as_o border_v upon_o so_o many_o neighbour_n the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o denier_n 12_o to_o a_o soldo_n soldo_n 4_o make_v a_o cavalet_fw-la cavalet_n 5_o or_o sol_n 20_o make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 16_o d._n sterling_n liures_fw-fr 4_o sell_v 8_o be_v a_o crown_n sold_n 7_o den._n 6_o be_v a_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 6._o d._n sterling_n sold_n 90_o be_v a_o crown_n of_o gold_n ducat_n in_o silver_n be_v 4_o livre_n 16_o s._n l._n be_v 6_o s._n 5_o d._n sterling_n ducat_n current_n be_v 4_o livre_n sterling_a 5_o s._n 4_o d._n circa_fw-la ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v 68_o sold_n of_o gold_n lyre_n 3_o sol_n 1_o make_v a_o rial_n of_o eight_o lyre_n 4_o 13_o 4_o of_o genova_n have_v make_v 1_o ducat_n in_o legorn_n genova_n weight_n in_o genova_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n ditto_n which_o be_v call_v the_o suttle_n quintar_n and_o the_o gross_a quintar_n be_v 150_o l._n thereof_o be_v 157½_n l._n subtle_a venice_n and_o this_o gross_a quintar_n agree_v with_o the_o gross_a weight_n of_o venice_n between_o which_o two_o place_n these_o note_n have_v be_v observe_v that_o 100_o l._n suttle_n genova_n make_v suttle_n in_o venetia_n 105_o l._n 100_o l._n gross_a genova_n be_v gross_a venetia_n 100_o l._n suttle_n 157½_n l._n the_o say_v 100_o l._n have_v make_v in_o london_n 71_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o 92½_n legorn_v and_o the_o 150_o l._n their_o gross_a quintar_n be_v london_n 105_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o the_o 112_o l._n london_n have_v make_v here_o 143_o l._n and_o by_o proof_n 100_o l._n in_o florence_n have_v make_v here_o 109_o l._n the_o gross_a quintar_n be_v 150_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n by_o which_o be_v sell_v cotton_n and_o cotton-yarâ—_a cummin_n and_o anniseed_n honey_n rice_n brass_n lead_v tin_n soap_n and_o wool_n and_o some_o other_o commodity_n genova_n measure_n in_o
or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101â…ž_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98â…”_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101â…”_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1â…”_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o aâ—…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3â…“_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v
a_o coal_n wonderful_a in_o nature_n as_o kindle_v by_o water_n and_o quench_v by_o oil._n zutphen_n zutphen_n zutphen_n be_v the_o next_o earldom_n be_v only_o a_o town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n issel_n of_o good_a strength_n take_v from_o the_o spaniard_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1590._o at_o the_o siege_n whereof_o be_v slay_v that_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n philip_n sidney_n of_o who_o be_v say_v digna_fw-la legi_fw-la scribis_fw-la facis_fw-la &_o dignissima_fw-la scribi_fw-la scripta_fw-la probant_fw-la doctum_fw-la te_fw-la tua_fw-la facta_fw-la probum_fw-la thou_o write_v thing_n worthy_a read_n and_o do_v do_v thing_n that_o be_v even_o most_o worthy_a writing_n too_o thy_o work_n thy_o learning_n praise_n thy_o deed_n thy_o goodness_n raise_v holland_n holland_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v holland_n in_o circuit_n 180_o miles_n no_o part_n of_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o sea_n three_o hour_n journey_n and_o comprehend_v 400_o village_n and_o 23_o to_n dort_n dort_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v dort_n where_o anno_fw-la 1618._o be_v hold_v a_o national_a synod_n against_o the_o arminian_o harlem_n harlem_n second_o harlem_n where_o printing_n be_v invent_v three_o leyden_n a_o university_n consist_v of_o 41_o island_n to_o which_o there_o be_v passage_n partly_o by_o boat_n but_o principal_o by_o 40_o wooden_a bridge_n and_o by_o 110_o of_o stone_n the_o rarity_n whereof_o be_v the_o first_o city_n of_o consequence_n i_o note_v in_o these_o part_n anno_fw-la 1625._o i_o can_v not_o choose_v then_o but_o admire_v and_o here_o in_o this_o town_n be_v a_o castle_n say_v to_o be_v build_v by_o hengist_n the_o saxon_a at_o his_o return_n out_o of_o england_n if_o their_o story_n may_v be_v credit_v delft_n delft_n the_o next_o town_n be_v delft_n a_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n where_o i_o be_v anno_fw-la 1625_o admit_v into_o that_o society_n who_o welfare_n i_o be_o bind_v to_o desire_v and_o who_o prosperity_n i_o wish_v may_v still_o increase_v and_o though_o these_o citizen_n have_v since_o upon_o some_o discontent_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v to_o rotterdam_n yet_o consider_v the_o town_n be_v compose_v altogether_o of_o brewer_n and_o that_o man_n so_o qualify_v be_v apt_a to_o forget_v themselves_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v they_o have_v since_o sleep_v upon_o it_o and_o will_v peradventure_o regain_v their_o company_n at_o a_o great_a charge_n than_o can_v by_o any_o but_o by_o their_o wisdom_n be_v imagine_v alkmer_n alkmer_n the_o next_o be_v alkmer_n famous_a for_o the_o defeat_n which_o the_o duke_n d'alva_fw-la receive_v before_o it_o to_o his_o great_a loss_n of_o reputation_n and_o to_o this_o city_n honour_n rotterdam_n rotterdam_n the_o next_o be_v rotterdam_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o erasmus_n and_o note_v for_o lover_n of_o the_o english_a traffck_n in_o give_v late_o free_a and_o worthy_a privilege_n to_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n who_o from_o delft_n late_o remove_v hither_o to_o reside_v to_o the_o future_a prejudice_n of_o those_o brewer_n amsterdam_n amsterdam_n last_o amsterdam_n have_v now_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o these_o country_n for_o matter_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n it_o have_v raise_v itself_o to_o that_o height_n of_o trade_n by_o the_o industry_n policy_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o 1000_o sail_n of_o ship_n have_v be_v see_v at_o one_o tide_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o and_o as_o one_o of_o their_o own_o have_v it_o quod_fw-la tagus_n atque_fw-la hemus_n vehit_fw-la &_o pactolus_n in_o unum_fw-la vere_n hunc_fw-la congestum_fw-la dixeris_fw-la esse_fw-la locum_fw-la what_o tagus_n hemus_n and_o pactolus_n bear_v you_o will_v conjecture_v to_o be_v heap_v up_o here_o now_o for_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o their_o traffic_n i_o shall_v note_v the_o same_o such_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o at_o my_o residency_n there_o in_o 1625_o abovementioned_a chap._n clxiii_o of_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o amsterdam_n be_v now_o by_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o new_a to_o the_o old_a a_o fair_a city_n strong_a and_o beautiful_a the_o river_n tay_n flow_v like_o a_o large_a and_o calm_a sea_n on_o the_o north-side_n thereof_o and_o the_o river_n amster_n of_o which_o and_o the_o word_n damn_v this_o city_n be_v name_v run_v from_o the_o south_n through_o three_o lake_n enter_v this_o city_n and_o pass_v through_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n tay_n on_o the_o north-side_n this_o town_n do_v consist_v of_o 5_o principal_a street_n through_o which_o the_o water_n do_v run_v and_o be_v divide_v therewith_o in_o which_o ship_n barge_n and_o boat_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v find_v both_o to_o come_v and_o go_v continual_o either_o to_o lade_v or_o unlade_v which_o be_v not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o also_o commodious_a and_o beautiful_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v much_o enlarge_v since_o the_o passage_n of_o antwerp_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n occasion_v by_o their_o industry_n their_o love_n to_o navigation_n and_o not_o the_o least_o by_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o money_n which_o they_o deliver_v out_o at_o easy_a rate_n at_o interest_n as_o want_v land_n or_o other_o mean_n to_o put_v out_o the_o same_o to_o better_a benefit_n nothing_o be_v loft_n they_o but_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n to_o employ_v the_o same_o and_o of_o late_a day_n england_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n be_v find_v to_o have_v their_o estate_n go_v at_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la cent_n whereas_o in_o their_o own_o country_n 4_o and_o 5_o per_fw-la cent_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v they_o but_o for_o the_o coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o i_o observe_v they_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o better_o experience_v amsterdam_n account_n in_o amsterdam_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n as_o in_o antwerp_n by_o which_o all_o these_o part_n be_v regulate_v in_o former_a time_n for_o what_o concern_v traffic_n netherlands_o money_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o all_o the_o netherlands_o their_o money_n have_v also_o a_o correspondency_n with_o antwerp_n coin_n but_o inhanse_v or_o debase_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a yearly_a disbursment_n and_o ordinary_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o antwerp_n so_o as_o that_o their_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n which_o be_v twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n may_v be_v account_v twelve_o shilling_n sterling_a florin_n 6_o make_v that_o pound_n of_o 20_o stiver_n per_fw-la florin_n stivers_n 120_o make_v a_o pound_n of_o gross_n 6_o stivers_n a_o flemish_a shilling_n stivers_n 5_o be_v account_v as_o much_o as_o 6_o d._n sterling_a or_o 5_o sold_n turnois_n stiver_n 1_o be_v a_o sold_n turnois_n a_o gross_n be_v 6_o denier_n turnois_n carolus_n gulden_a be_v 20_o stiver_n 2_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o 20_o sol_n turnois_n beside_o these_o as_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o country_n all_o coin_n of_o europe_n do_v pass_v here_o current_o for_o their_o value_n and_o be_v receive_v and_o pay_v in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n according_o amsterdam_n weight_n of_o amsterdam_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n 100_o whereof_o make_v their_o quintal_n which_o 100_o or_o quintal_n be_v hold_v in_o london_n to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 111_o l._n english_a yet_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o same_o true_o calculate_v will_v not_o produce_v above_o 108_o l._n subtle_a and_o for_o the_o concordancy_n see_v further_o amsterdam_n measure_n in_o amsterdam_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o reduce_v to_o yard_n english_a be_v find_v to_o be_v 134_o ell_n for_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n and_o the_o 100_o ell_n of_o london_n be_v here_o 167½_n ell_n so_o that_o the_o 100_o elâ—_n here_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 74_o yard_n or_o 60½_n ell_n incirca_fw-la and_o 40_o flemish_a ell_n make_v in_o england_n 24_o ells._n amsterdam_n exchange_n in_o amsterdam_n in_o the_o exchange_n this_o place_n be_v govern_v by_o antwerp_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o the_o value_n current_n of_o their_o money_n which_o be_v often_o inhanse_v and_o debase_v it_o be_v very_o frequent_o observe_v in_o this_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n subject_n to_o the_o netherlands_o or_o to_o the_o unite_a province_n that_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n of_o great_a receipt_n they_o be_v decry_v in_o value_n and_o raise_v again_o where_o they_o have_v occasion_n by_o their_o war_n or_o otherwise_o of_o great_a disbursement_n according_a to_o which_o diversity_n of_o needful_a occasion_n the_o exchange_n of_o the_o place_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v therefore_o therein_o can_v be_v prescribe_v any_o direct_a
able_a with_o wind_n and_o oar_n to_o break_v through_o they_o and_o the_o country_n be_v the_o pleasant_a of_o all_o denmark_n blesida_n blesida_n in_o blesida_n be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o malmogia_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o colmar_n against_o the_o sweedlandeâ—_n the_o principal_a trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v contain_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o elsinour_n therefore_o under_o the_o title_n of_o these_o two_o i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n ccxi_o of_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o copenhagen_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o winter_n and_o may_v be_v interpret_v the_o merchant_n haven_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n or_o castle_n which_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n where_o the_o haven_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o the_o city_n be_v of_o a_o round_a form_n afford_v little_a beauty_n as_o be_v but_o mean_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o clay_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o stone_n here_o be_v find_v some_o merchant_n yet_o for_o the_o mostipart_n of_o no_o great_a eminence_n for_o the_o country_n afford_v no_o rich_a commodity_n that_o may_v allure_v other_o thither_o or_o serve_v to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o region_n whereby_o a_o gain_n may_v be_v expect_v copenhagen_n the_o coin_n of_o copenhagen_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n common_o current_n be_v the_o dollar_n and_o shilling_n two_o danish_n shilling_n make_v one_o lubeck_n shilling_n and_o 66_o danish_a shilling_n account_v for_o a_o rix_n dollar_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterling_a denmark_n account_n in_o denmark_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o mark_n of_o 16_o shilling_n danish_n their_o exchange_n be_v here_o practise_v by_o the_o rix_n dollar_n above_o mention_v the_o common_a current_a coin_n of_o these_o country_n etc._n measure_n and_o weight_n etc._n etc._n their_o measure_n and_o weight_n i_o will_v brief_o observe_v by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o hasten_v to_o elsinour_n chap._n ccxii_o of_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o elsinour_n of_o itself_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a village_n but_o much_o frequent_v by_o seaman_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o neighbourhood_n to_o that_o straight_a sea_n call_v the_o sound_n where_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lay_v so_o great_a imposition_n upon_o all_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v out_o or_o go_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o this_o sole_a profit_n surpass_v far_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a castle_n of_o cronburg_n lie_v in_o this_o village_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o straight_a to_o which_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o narrow_a sea_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n another_o castle_n be_v opposite_a call_v elsburg_n which_o two_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o this_o straight_a that_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v in_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n without_o their_o leave_n and_o consequent_o without_o due_a payment_n of_o this_o imposition_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o cronburg_n castle_n be_v the_o large_a road_n for_o ship_n towards_o the_o baltic_a sea_n where_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o lodging_n which_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v a_o delectable_a prospect_n to_o all_o man_n but_o especial_o to_o he_o for_o ship_n go_v in_o and_o out_o here_o by_o fleet_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o he_o be_v certain_a that_o none_o do_v pass_v either_o way_n but_o according_a to_o their_o burden_n and_o load_n add_v somewhat_o to_o his_o treasury_n the_o haven_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a fleet_n for_o it_o have_v cronburg_n castle_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o castle_n of_o elsburg_n on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o seeland_n the_o chief_a island_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o the_o island_n fimeria_n or_o whern_n on_o the_o south_n side_n in_o which_o i_o note_v before_o that_o tycho_n brahe_n the_o famous_a mathematician_n have_v his_o residence_n the_o dane_n conceive_v this_o island_n to_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o they_o have_v a_o fable_n that_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n offer_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o as_o much_o scarlet_a cloth_n as_o will_v cover_v the_o same_o with_o a_o rose_n noble_a at_o the_o corner_n of_o each_o cloth_n if_o any_o such_o offer_n be_v make_v doubtless_o the_o wildom_o and_o judgement_n of_o that_o prince_n know_v how_o to_o make_v that_o island_n be_v fortify_v peradventure_o to_o return_v he_o his_o charge_n again_o with_o good_a interest_n but_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o can_v benefit_v a_o foreign_a prince_n whole_a territory_n h_v out_o of_o the_o sound_n by_o which_o he_o must_v needs_o enter_v those_o before_o mention_v castle_n command_v the_o entrance_n though_o it_o may_v prove_v more_o beneficial_a to_o some_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o to_o who_o the_o sea_n be_v open_a for_o passage_n chap._n ccxiii_o weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o that_o of_o london_n denmark_n weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n now_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o kingdom_n they_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v in_o many_o place_n so_o many_o as_o have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n i_o have_v reduce_v to_o the_o subtle_a hundred_o of_o london_n which_o subtle_a hundred_o be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o city_n of_o traffic_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr l._n aldar_n 87_o copping_n ham_n 92_o cracou_n 119_o dantzick_n 116_o hamburg_n 92_o wild_a 116_o elsinour_n 92_o lubeck_n 92_o melvin_n 120_o revel_v 116_o rhiga_n 116_o stacar_n 108_o stralsont_v 88_o bergen_n norway_n 92_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o general_o in_o copenhagen_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o denmark_n they_o hare_n a_o great_a and_o small_a hundred_o one_o of_o 112_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o another_o of_o 120_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o account_v twelve_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n also_o they_o have_v a_o skip-pound_n 32_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n the_o stone_n or_o 20_o lispound_n of_o 16_o mark_v pound_n be_v a_o skip-pound_n and_o 20_o time_n 16_o pound_n be_v 320_o pound_n chap._n ccxiu_o measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o london_n denmark_n measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n as_o i_o have_v do_v with_o their_o weight_n so_o i_o will_v proceed_v with_o their_o measure_n reduce_v then_o to_o the_o hundred_o yard_n english_a and_o make_v in_o  _fw-fr ells._n arsnis_fw-la 166â…”_n breme_n 162½_n breslow_n for_o cloth_n 148_o ditto_n for_o silk_n 160_o connixborough_n 166_o lubeck_n 160_o munster_n 80_o ockermond_n 141½_n revel_v 166_o rhostick_a 158â…“_n wismar_n 157¾_n dantzick_n 162½_n doinin_n 163_o embden_n 163_o gripswould_n 163_o hamburg_n 163_o melvin_n 162_o narva_n 166_o ossenbrigh_n 84_o rhiga_fw-la 166_o statin_a 141½_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n whereto_o i_o have_v add_v the_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o the_o adjoin_a eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n chap._n ccxv_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n to_o conclude_v the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n drive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o great_a their_o country_n partly_o not_o afford_v commodity_n for_o merchandise_n and_o their_o sea_n i_o mean_v principal_o the_o baltic_a not_o be_v for_o many_o month_n in_o the_o year_n navigable_a for_o frost_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v frugal_a in_o food_n and_o apparel_n and_o therefore_o not_o much_o addict_v either_o to_o silk_n or_o spice_n and_o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o other_o nation_n through_o the_o sound_n that_o furnish_v they_o with_o all_o necessary_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n less_o desirous_a to_o sail_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v the_o same_o at_o the_o first_o hand_n stockfish_n and_o other_o salt_v fish_n they_o send_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o so_o also_o they_o do_v their_o ox_n and_o cattle_n in_o great_a quantity_n beside_o the_o commodity_n which_o the_o country_n do_v natural_o afford_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o country_n description_n neither_o have_v i_o hear_v any_o great_a fame_n of_o their_o navigation_n or_o mariner_n which_o principal_o sail_v northward_o and_o little_a to_o the_o southward_n though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o next_o to_o the_o english_a their_o vessel_n be_v the_o strong_a build_v to_o endure_v the_o blast_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n and_o the_o scorching_n of_o the_o warm_a region_n yet_o of_o late_a day_n i_o have_v understand_v they_o have_v undertake_v some_o new_a discovery_n and_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n
may_v be_v some_o benefit_n to_o a_o merchant_n for_o by_o this_o rule_n the_o great_a loggerhead_n shall_v have_v consequent_o the_o large_a measure_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v a_o loop_n 23_o loop_n make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n in_o london_n chap._n ccxix_o of_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o moscovia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o tartary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o livonia_n lituania_n and_o part_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o turk_n and_o palus_n mâ—…otis_n moscovia_n commodity_n of_o moscovia_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n fur_n of_o many_o sort_n flax_n hemp_n whales-grease_n honey_n wax_n canvas_n rope_n cable_n caviar_n astrican_a hide_n tallow_n raw-hides_a and_o bulgars_a moscovia_n famous_a river_n of_o moscovia_n the_o many_o river_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o this_o country_n do_v much_o further_a trade_n in_o general_a fâ—st_n tanais_n which_o disburthen_v itself_o into_o palus_n moeotis_n second_o dunia_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o scythian_a sea_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n where_o our_o english_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northern_a passage_n use_v to_o land_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o all_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n three_o boristhenes_n that_o enter_v into_o pontus_n euxinus_n four_o onega_n which_o open_v itself_o into_o the_o balâ—…k_n sea_n and_o last_o volga_n which_o with_o no_o less_o than_o 70_o mouth_n disgorge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a this_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o nine_o principal_a province_n which_o together_o with_o the_o chief_a town_n thereof_o i_o shall_v only_o touch_v novograde_a novograde_a novogradia_n be_v first_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v novograde_a seat_v on_o the_o dunia_n and_o once_o one_o of_o the_o four_o ancient_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n now_o of_o late_a decay_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o new_a passage_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o st._n nicholas_n by_o the_o river_n obye._n plescovia_n plescovia_n plescovia_n be_v the_o second_o wherein_o be_v the_o city_n plescove_n the_o only_o wall_a city_n in_o moscovia_n and_o yet_o of_o no_o great_a eminence_n veladomira_n veladomira_n valadomira_n be_v the_o next_o have_v also_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n rhesen_n rhesen_n rhesen_fw-mi be_v the_o four_o wonderful_a plenty_n in_o corn_n that_o neither_o can_v bird_n fly_v nor_o horse_n run_v through_o it_o for_o thickness_n the_o chief_a town_n rhesen_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o moscovia_n abound_v in_o grain_n honey_n fish_n and_o fowl_n without_o number_n servia_n servia_n servia_n be_v the_o five_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v staradab_n and_o pativola_n permia_n permia_n permia_n be_v the_o six_o the_o chief_a city_n â—s_v sickwiardley_n abound_v in_o stag_n candora_n candora_n candora_n be_v the_o seven_o petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-mi be_v the_o eight_o in_o both_o these_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v live_v under_o ground_n and_o have_v for_o half_a the_o year_n together_o perpetual_a day_n and_o the_o other_o half_a perpetual_a night_n as_o situate_v beyond_o the_o arctic_a moscovia_n moscovia_n moscovia_n be_v the_o nine_o moscow_n moscow_n and_o so_o name_v of_o the_o principal_a city_n moscow_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n round_o have_v therein_o 16_o church_n of_o which_o the_o one_o half_a be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o dirt_n as_o most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o emperor_n palace_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o be_v fortify_v with_o 3_o bulwark_n and_o 17_o turret_n continual_o guard_v with_o 25000_o soldier_n this_o be_v the_o most_o populous_a province_n of_o all_o this_o great_a empire_n for_o it_o extend_v 2000_o mile_n in_o length_n smalensko_n smalensko_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o petty_a province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o smalensko_n than_o toropier_n next_o colopigrod_n landiskron_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n which_o i_o willing_o omit_v till_o my_o observation_n be_v better_a the_o trade_n of_o the_o english_a be_v begin_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n and_o basiliades_n king_n of_o this_o country_n about_o the_o year_n 1575._o and_o within_o 10_o year_n after_o it_o be_v perfect_o settle_v and_o because_o the_o trade_n of_o moscovia_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o small_a circuit_n in_o these_o vast_a dominion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a that_o i_o comprehend_v the_o same_o under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n moscow_n chap._n ccxx_o of_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mosco_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o this_o large_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n some_o year_n pass_v repair_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o government_n of_o so_o large_a a_o empire_n as_o account_v the_o midst_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n mosca_n run_v into_o tanais_n where_o it_o lose_v its_o name_n and_o pass_v assaw_n disgorge_v into_o the_o palus_n meotis_n and_o so_o into_o the_o euxinus_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_o it_o be_v esteem_v ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o its_o height_n of_o greatness_n then_o burn_v by_o the_o tartar_n wherein_o 80000_o person_n be_v consume_v and_o since_o reduce_v to_o five_o mile_n compass_n beautify_v with_o 16_o church_n some_o of_o stone_n some_o of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o with_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n situate_a in_o the_o very_a heart_n thereof_o enrich_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o two_o river_n for_o use_n and_o ornament_n which_o water_n two_o strong_a fort_n that_o defend_v the_o place_n nicholas_n st._n nicholas_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n the_o patron_n of_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o dunia_n or_o obby_n the_o english_a merchant_n use_v to_o land_n and_o thence_o disperse_v themselves_o to_o smalensko_n novograde_a hither_o and_o into_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n among_o who_o they_o find_v kind_a entertainment_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n have_v large_a immunity_n grant_v unto_o they_o than_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n their_o traffic_v attribute_v to_o the_o never_o die_a fame_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o who_o day_n the_o trade_n be_v here_o first_o settle_v and_o to_o the_o plausible_a behaviour_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o general_n moscovia_n account_n in_o moscovia_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o several_a manner_n some_o as_o the_o english_a by_o rubble_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n term_v they_o muskofkin_n 200_o whereof_o make_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v account_v two_o rix_n dollar_n some_o again_o as_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n by_o rubble_n grevens_n and_o muskofkin_n or_o penny_n account_v 20_o penny_n to_o a_o greven_n and_o 10_o greven_n to_o a_o rubble_n which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n here_o this_o rubble_n be_v find_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o not_o real_a moscovia_n coin_n current_a in_o moscovia_n the_o current_a money_n here_o be_v a_o capeck_n in_o value_n a_o stiver_n flemish_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o as_o english_a penny_n for_o 10_o capeck_n be_v a_o greven_n which_o the_o english_a call_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a because_o that_o 10_o grevens_n be_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v 10_o shilling_n sterling_a three_o capeck_n they_o call_v a_o altine_n by_o which_o name_n all_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o bargain_v and_o contract_n 33_o altius_fw-la and_o 1_o capeck_n make_v a_o rubble_n archangel_n exchange_n of_o archangel_n at_o archangel_n be_v sound_v practise_v among_o the_o merchant_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a as_o the_o russ_n money_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o the_o english_a sometime_o among_o themselves_o give_v 11_o shilling_n and_o 11_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n sterling_a in_o england_n for_o the_o rubble_n here_o and_o the_o money_n common_o take_v there_o in_o august_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n the_o last_o of_o december_n follow_v moscovia_n weight_n of_o moscovia_n the_o weight_n of_o moscovia_n common_a in_o use_n be_v the_o pood_n for_o fine_a good_n and_o the_o bercovet_n for_o gross_a good_n the_o one_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pood_n be_v weigh_v silk_n bever-wooll_n yeft_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v for_o 40_o l._n russ_n weight_n and_o 3_o pood_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v 112_o l._n english_a which_o by_o this_o computation_n shall_v make_v 37â…“_n l._n averdupois_n and_o all_o good_n there_o buy_v by_o the_o pood_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n in_o england_n by_o the_o bercovet_n be_v weigh_v
many_o time_n relieve_v fruitful_a province_n in_o time_n of_o casual_a dearth_n into_o which_o granary_n under_o a_o great_a penalty_n no_o man_n may_v carry_v either_o fire_n or_o candle_n light_v by_o a_o law_n enact_v among_o they_o the_o city_n be_v compass_v with_o one_o wall_n yet_o contain_v three_o several_a city_n govern_v by_o three_o distinct_a senate_n out_o of_o which_o one_o chief_a senate_n be_v choose_v to_o govern_v the_o whole_a city_n and_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a superstition_n they_o have_v st._n george_n for_o their_o protector_n who_o red_a cross_n they_o carry_v in_o their_o flag_n as_o do_v also_o england_n genova_n in_o italy_n and_o the_o island_n saio_n in_o the_o arch_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v about_o one_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o baltic_a shore_n the_o port_n be_v call_v dermind_v where_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n do_v ride_v to_o lade_v and_o unlade_v their_o commodity_n and_o the_o city_n be_v acknowledge_v a_o free_a town_n be_v permit_v to_o coin_v money_n which_o as_o i_o find_v observe_v i_o shall_v note_v here_o together_o with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n here_o in_o use_n dantzick_n account_n in_o dantzick_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v here_o in_o sundry_a manner_n the_o common_a be_v by_o polish_v guilder_n of_o 30_o gross_n and_o 12_o d._n to_o a_o grosh_n but_o merchant_n buy_v commodity_n here_o by_o the_o great_a mark_n of_o 60_o gross_n and_o by_o the_o lesser_a of_o 15_o and_o also_o by_o the_o dollar_n of_o 35_o gross_n of_o 3_o stivers_n the_o grosh_n dantzick_n coin_n current_a in_o dantzick_n their_o money_n current_n be_v thus_o account_v 1_o great_a mark_n be_v 2_o polish_v guilder_n 1_o polish_v guilder_n be_v worth_a 2_o lesser_a mark_n 1_o lesser_a mark_v worth_a 15_o grosh_n and_o the_o grosh_n 18_o d._n beside_o which_o they_o coin_v hungarian_a ducat_n of_o gold_n as_o they_o do_v in_o poland_n and_o they_o have_v 2_o coin_n in_o gold_n call_v a_o milre_n and_o half_a a_o milre_n each_o milre_n be_v 3_o dollar_n and_o 2_o soslin_n 36_o polish_v grosh_n be_v here_o a_o dollar_n dantzick_n weight_n of_o dantzick_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o pound_n for_o fine_a good_n the_o 100_o l._n in_o london_n make_v here_o 116_o l._n beside_o which_o they_o have_v a_o skip_v pound_n and_o a_o lispound_n thus_o distinguish_v 16_o mark_v pound_n be_v a_o lispound_n and_o 20_o lispound_n make_v a_o skip-pound_n by_o the_o small_a stone_n of_o 24_o l._n for_o spice_n etc._n etc._n but_o they_o have_v also_o a_o great_a stone_n to_o weigh_v gross_a ware_n as_o flax_n wax_n and_o the_o like_a of_o 34_o l._n whereof_o 10_o l._n to_o the_o skip-pound_n of_o 340_o l._n dantzick_n measure_n of_o dantzick_n the_o measure_n for_o length_n of_o this_o city_n be_v the_o ell_n the_o 100_o whereof_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 49_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n do_v here_o make_v 162_o or_o 163_o ell_n incirca_fw-la the_o measure_n of_o beer_n be_v the_o fat_a which_o contain_v 180_o stoop_v and_o be_v account_v 81_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n the_o measure_n of_o corn_n here_o be_v the_o last_o which_o contain_v 61_o shepel_v 56_o whereof_o make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10¼_n quarter_n of_o london_n 4_o shepel_v make_v a_o mud_n which_o be_v the_o ship-pound_n beforementioned_a of_o 34_o l._n estland_n account_n in_o estland_n merchant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n throughout_o all_o estland_n be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o floriâ—…_n or_o guilder_n and_o in_o grosh_n and_o denier_n account_v 12_o denier_n to_o the_o grosh_n and_o 20_o grosh_n to_o the_o guilder_n or_o florin_n chap._n ccxxu._n of_o elbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o elbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o elbin_n a_o small_a yet_o a_o fair_a city_n and_o of_o late_a day_n compass_v with_o wall_n grow_v great_a and_o large_a by_o the_o trade_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o since_o upon_o some_o grievance_n and_o discontentment_n be_v hence_o remove_v in_o this_o city_n lie_v the_o gross_a of_o the_o trade_n of_o prussen_n especial_o for_o all_o the_o gruff_n good_n of_o that_o dukedom_n it_o once_o appertain_v to_o the_o testonick_a knight_n but_o now_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o who_o for_o the_o present_a the_o citizen_n acknowledge_v for_o their_o protector_n and_o otherwise_o it_o yield_v he_o but_o little_a obedience_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o free_a city_n from_o this_o city_n towards_o the_o north-east_n be_v a_o channel_n that_o run_v up_o to_o conixburg_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o prusland_n by_o which_o all_o commodity_n be_v transport_v and_o convey_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o elbin_n weight_n of_o elbin_n the_o coin_n current_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o account_n here_o keep_v i_o have_v touch_v before_o and_o the_o weight_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o pound_n 40_o whereof_o make_v a_o stone_n and_z 10_o stone_n of_o 40_o l._n make_v the_o ship_n pound_n which_o be_v 400_o l._n and_o be_v 350_o l._n of_o their_o great_a weight_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v here_o 120_o l._n the_o last_o of_o wheat_n be_v here_o account_v for_o 5200._o elbin_n measure_n of_o elbin_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n in_o use_n here_o be_v the_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n be_v find_v to_o make_v here_o 163_o ells._n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o tract_n find_v for_o eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n conixburg_n stetin_n straelsond_n revel_v riga_n of_o which_o a_o word_n or_o two_o and_o first_o of_o conixburg_n chap._n ccxxvi_o of_o conixburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o conixburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o conixburg_n vulgar_o call_v queensburg_n and_o in_o italian_a mount_v royal_a be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o duchy_n seat_v upon_o a_o inlet_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o wash_v with_o the_o pleasant_a river_n fiegol_n it_o be_v find_v to_o have_v a_o academy_n for_o science_n and_o well_o store_v with_o merchant_n from_o all_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o here_o the_o merchant_n of_o prusen_n keep_v their_o factor_n for_o the_o vend_n of_o their_o inland_n commodity_n upon_o this_o shore_n be_v also_o find_v in_o some_o quantity_n that_o excellent_a amber_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v berstein_n which_o in_o english_a may_v be_v translate_v the_o burn_a stone_n of_o which_o some_o writer_n make_v three_o sort_n the_o first_o come_v from_o certain_a gummy_a tree_n the_o second_o make_v by_o art_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o other_o ingredient_n and_o the_o three_o this_o sort_n come_v natural_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o these_o sea_n which_o for_o six_o month_n be_v freeze_v up_o and_o deny_v the_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n the_o use_n of_o navigation_n conixburg_n weight_n of_o conixburg_n the_o money_n and_o account_n here_o in_o use_n be_v mention_v before_o and_o the_o common_a weight_n use_v among_o merchant_n be_v the_o stone_n contain_v 40_o pound_n and_o 10_o stone_n make_v a_o ship_n pound_n of_o 400_o pound_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n averdupois_n of_o london_n do_v yield_v here_o about_o 120_o l._n or_o 112_o l._n beside_o which_o they_o have_v also_o the_o ship_n pound_n of_o dantzick_n in_o use_n for_o some_o commodity_n of_o 350_o l._n but_o this_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v by_o the_o stranger_n as_o be_v ever_o account_v too_o favourable_a to_o the_o citizen_n conixburg_n measure_n of_o conixburg_n the_o common_a measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n here_o for_o all_o commodity_n measureable_a the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v make_v here_o by_o observation_n 166½_n incirca_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o this_o city_n from_o whence_o proceed_v i_o come_v next_o to_o rhiga_n and_o revel_n two_o eminent_a city_n in_o this_o tract_n chap._n ccxxvii_o of_o rhiga_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rhiga_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o rhiga_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o livonia_n or_o lissland_n seat_v near_o the_o embosure_n of_o the_o river_n dunia_n strengthen_v with_o a_o exceed_a strong_a wall_n many_o ordnance_n to_o descend_v it_o against_o all_o enemy_n and_o border_v upon_o the_o lissland_n sea_n it_o be_v former_o the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n and_o then_o and_o now_o reinforce_v by_o the_o garrison_n of_o dâ—…mund_n account_v one_o of_o the_o impregnable_a fort_n of_o this_o northern_a climate_n where_o all_o ship_n enter_v be_v search_v and_o pay_v a_o certain_a toll_n or_o duty_n the_o inhabitant_n curious_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o their_o liberty_n acknowledge_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n for_o their_o protector_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v a_o yearly_a contribution_n but_o else_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o
and_o island_n sicilia_n account_n in_o palermo_n and_o all_o sicilia_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n one_o ounce_n be_v 30_o tarry_v one_o tarry_v be_v 20_o grain_n sicilia_n money_n current_n in_o sicilia_n their_o money_n be_v also_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n account_v one_o ounce_n to_o be_v 30_o tarry_v which_o be_v 5_o florin_n of_o carlins_n 12_o the_o florin_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v 20_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o sol._n 6_o den._n small_a money_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v two_o carlin_n one_o carlin_n to_o be_v 10_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o livre_n one_o grain_n be_v 6_o picholies_n and_o be_v 7½_n den._n money_n siciliano_n one_o poncto_fw-la be_v 8_o picholis_fw-la a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 13_o tarry_v note_v that_o for_o the_o money_n which_o they_o pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n they_o give_v allowance_n 1½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o bad_a money_n palermo_n weight_n in_o palermo_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o throughout_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicilia_n there_o be_v but_o one_o weight_n in_o use_n only_o in_o messina_n except_v which_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o due_a place_n now_o this_o weight_n of_o sicilia_n in_o general_n be_v the_o rotolo_n 30_o ounce_n which_o be_v 2½_n l._n sicilian_n 300_o rot._n make_v the_o cantar_n which_o 100_o l._n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 173_o l._n circa_fw-la english_a some_o have_v find_v it_o to_o yield_v 148_o l._n english_a or_o proper_o in_o gross_a to_o say_v 1_o c._n 2_o quarter_n 4_o l._n incirca_fw-la and_o in_o venetia_n subtle_a to_o have_v produce_v 260_o l._n or_o venice_n gross_a 163_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v in_o florence_n 225_o in_o 230_o l._n but_o yet_o by_o the_o calculation_n i_o make_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o 221_o l._n just_a it_o be_v in_o rhagusa_n 218_o l._n in_o cattarro_n 78_o l._n alexandris_n zera_n 83_o rot._n ditto_n forfori_n 185_o rot._n in_o damascus_n 43½_n rot._n etc._n etc._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n which_o be_v in_o london_n about_o 80_o or_o 81_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v 2¼_n yard_n english_a this_o cane_n be_v divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n which_o be_v about_o 10_o inch_n the_o cane_n make_v 3_o cloth_n brace_n in_o venetia_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n which_o be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n of_o this_o place_n and_o kingdom_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o gross_a salmo_n and_o the_o general_a sicilian_a salmo_n which_o be_v the_o small_a salmo_n upon_o which_o general_a salmo_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v thus_o with_o these_o country_n in_o rhagusa_n staro_n 3⅕_n dalmatia_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n ancoma_n somma_n 1½_n ricanati_fw-la somma_n 1⅔_n rimine_fw-la staro_fw-la 1½_n bolonia_n corbe_n 3½_n in_o andalusia_n 5_o fanego_n in_o portugal_n 22½_n alquiers_n in_o florence_n 11¼_n staios_n in_o avignon_n 5_o sesteros_fw-la in_o venetia_n 3_o staros_fw-la and_o 1_o quarter_n in_o pisa_n 11_o 18_o staros_fw-la bergamo_n staro_fw-la 13._o milan_n mesni_fw-la 4⅛_n genova_n measure_n 2⅓_n in_o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 9_o in_o tripoli_n cafesie_n 15._o in_o tunis_n cafesie_n 15._o alexandria_n ribebe_fw-la 1_o l._n 1._o candia_n measure_v 14._o corfu_n mosie_a 2⅓_n catarro_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n verona_n minali_fw-la 7_o quastero_fw-la vicentia_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n milan_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n treviso_n staro_fw-la 3._o modena_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o parma_n staro_fw-mi 6½_n mirandola_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o palermo_n and_o sicilia_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v in_o spalatto_n staro_fw-la 4._o rhagusa_n staro_fw-mi 3⅓_n segnia_fw-la quart_n 12._o arbe_n staro_fw-la 4._o istria_n staro_fw-la 4._o milan_n staro_fw-la 12._o vincentia_fw-la staro_fw-la 12._o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 11._o forli_fw-la staro_fw-la 3_o quaterroli_fw-la 14_o bologna_n corbe_v 4⅓_n mantua_n staro_fw-la 10._o cremona_n somma_n 2._o bergamo_n staro_fw-la 16._o verona_n minali_fw-la 8_o &_o 11½_n quarteroli_fw-la brassia_n somma_n 2⅔_n milan_n mesini_fw-la 5_o 1_o 9_o florentia_n staro_fw-la 14._o wherein_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o the_o large_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o general_a use_n of_o this_o measure_n in_o the_o lewant_n note_v that_o both_o the_o gross_a and_o general_a salmo_n be_v divide_v into_o into_o 16_o tomelos_n and_o that_o the_o gross_a salmo_n be_v great_a than_o the_o general_a salmo_n about_o 17_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n of_o corn_n here_o buy_v be_v 3_o tarry_v and_o 15_o grain_n the_o salmo_n but_o if_o corn_n be_v above_o 18_o tarry_v per_n salmo_n it_o pay_v also_o a_o new_a impost_n which_o be_v per_fw-la salmo_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n which_o in_o trappano_n be_v make_v in_o great_a quantity_n where_o at_o my_o be_v here_o i_o observe_v to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o 3_o ordinary_a salmos_n of_o corn_n divide_v also_o in_o 16_o tomelos_n which_o make_v sicilia_n weight_n about_o 7_o cantaros_n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v 2¾_n barrel_n of_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v 180_o l._n english_a sicilia_n custom_n of_o sicilia_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o island_n be_v common_o 9_o and_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n for_o food_n pay_v 12_o per_fw-la cent._n exchange_n exchange_n palermo_n be_v also_o a_o place_n of_o great_a exchange_n which_o brief_o at_o my_o be_v there_o do_v run_v thus_o with_o other_o place_n always_o note_v that_o all_o bill_n come_v from_o abroad_o pay_v one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n to_o make_v good_a money_n and_o they_o exchange_v by_o ponctos_fw-la as_o i_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o naples_n with_o naples_n and_o they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 160_o pomutos_n incirca_fw-la to_o have_v in_o naples_n a_o ducat_n current_n and_o their_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o particular_a of_o naples_n be_v express_v rome_n with_o rome_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 26_o or_o 27_o carlin_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n a_o ducat_n de_fw-fr camera_n valentia_n with_o valentia_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 6_o tarry_v account_v and_o 1_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n more_o to_o have_v in_o valentia_n 10_o sold._n 3_o den._n and_o a_o crown_n of_o 12_o tarry_v be_v 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o 13_o tarry_v be_v there_o estimate_v for_o 21_o sold._n messina_n with_o messina_n with_o messina_n and_o syracuse_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o exchange_v with_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o same_o money_n this_o note_n of_o equality_n or_o par_n i_o also_o learned_a here_o for_o current_n for_o valentia_n sell_v 9_o dc_o 10¾_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o barselona_n sol._n 11_o d._n 3⅖_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o majorca_n sell_v 14_o d._n 10½_n per_fw-la florin_n and_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n they_o consider_v the_o interest_n to_o he_o that_o take_v by_o exchange_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n which_o they_o recover_v according_o for_o the_o other_o particular_a circumstance_n thereof_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n and_o messina_n be_v large_o handle_v and_o as_o the_o same_o may_v more_o ample_o there_o appear_v in_o the_o chapter_n 419_o 420_o 421_o 422_o 423_o 424_o and_o 425._o with_o all_o particular_a circumstance_n whereto_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v refer_v for_o better_a satisfaction_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n survey_v the_o trade_n of_o messina_n the_o second_o eminent_a city_n of_o traffic_n in_o this_o island_n chap._n cclviii_o of_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o last_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o island_n be_v mona_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o nicosia_n in_o the_o midland_n milaso_n on_o the_o north_n promontory_n and_o messina_n in_o the_o face_n opposite_a to_o reggio_n in_o calabria_n which_o fare_n have_v in_o time_n past_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o those_o ancient_o account_v peril_n scylla_n and_o charybdis_n the_o one_o a_o sand_n and_o the_o other_o a_o rock_n oppose_v each_o other_o at_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o now_o not_o so_o much_o fear_v by_o our_o seaman_n by_o be_v more_o expert_a this_o town_n be_v the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o this_o island_n and_o inhabit_v by_o many_o merchant_n which_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o haven_n do_v much_o further_a and_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o yearly_a fair_n much_o augment_v the_o commodity_n proper_a hitherto_o as_o also_o to_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o also_o the_o
a_o desire_n to_o employ_v their_o talent_n in_o foreign_a country_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v to_o be_v perfect_v among_o they_o nature_n have_v to_o this_o end_n fit_v they_o with_o many_o goodly_a port_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o will_v in_o time_n i_o hope_v fit_v they_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o second_v by_o their_o endeavour_n what_o be_v so_o plentiful_o bestow_v by_o she_o upon_o they_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o conversation_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civiliz_n d_o english_a that_o daily_o be_v see_v to_o come_v and_o reside_v among_o they_o and_o thus_o leave_v ireland_n and_o my_o good_a wish_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o her_o traffic_n i_o hence_o pass_v over_o to_o scotland_n a_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o view_v the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclxu._n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o scotland_n be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o salway_n and_o the_o cheviot_n hill_n extend_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o vary_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n from_o england_n i_o have_v think_v good_a here_o to_o insert_v by_o itself_o scotland_n commodity_n of_o scotland_n the_o comedy_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v coarse_a clothes_n freeze_v fish_v salt_v hides_n tallow_n lead_v over_o some_o grain_n feather_n and_o other_o commodity_n as_o sea-coal_n allom_n iron_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o high-land_n and_o the_o low-land_n and_o the_o same_o into_o several_a sheriffdom_n or_o province_n in_o which_o be_v find_v these_o town_n of_o consequence_n chap._n cclxvi_o of_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o first_o edenburg_n wherein_o be_v seat_v the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n consist_v principal_o of_o one_o street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n whereto_o do_v lead_v many_o other_o petty_a lane_n make_v the_o whole_a near_o three_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o second_o town_n be_v glascow_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n the_o three_o be_v saint_n andrews_n in_o fife_n honour_v with_o many_o prerogative_n fourthly_a sterling_a then_o be_v perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n saint_n john_n town_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n scotland_n money_n of_o scotland_n their_o current_a money_n in_o merchandise_n be_v the_o proper_a coin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n both_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v usual_o find_v to_o be_v in_o gold_n in_o piece_n of_o 22_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 11_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 5._o 6_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 2._o 9_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 4._o 4⅜_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 1_o shill_n 1½_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o ½_n the_o ¾_n and_o ⅛_n thereof_o piece_n of_o 9_o 6_o d._n be_v ⅔_n of_o the_o 13_o d._n ½_n sterl_n one_o mark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr piece_n of_o ½_n which_o be_v 4½_n d._n be_v ⅓_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a again_o 13½_n d._n sterl_n be_v a_o scotch_a mark._n or_o 13_o shill_n 4._o d._n scotch_a 6⅔_n be_v a_o scotch_a noble_a 6_o shill_n 8_o d._n 20_o d._n sterl_n be_v 1½_n mark_n scotch_a or_o 1_o pound_n scotch_a of_o 20_o shill_n 20_o shill_n sterl_n be_v 18_o scotch_a mark_n beside_o which_o be_v here_o find_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o he_o that_o will_v see_v further_o into_o the_o intrinsic_n value_n and_o weight_n of_o these_o coin_n either_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o proclamation_n set_v out_o by_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n decease_v date_v in_o 1609_o which_o will_v also_o show_v their_o conformity_n to_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o current_a value_n and_o estimation_n thereof_o through_o this_o kingdom_n scotland_n exchange_n in_o scotland_n here_o be_v practise_v for_o england_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o scotch_a mark_n for_o 12_o penny_n sterling_a in_o london_n etc._n etc._n scotland_n account_n in_o scotland_n their_o account_n be_v now_o keep_v several_a way_n some_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n by_o sterling_a pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o some_o by_o their_o own_o ancient_a manner_n also_o in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n scottish_a 20_o penny_n sterling_a be_v their_o pound_n 13½_n be_v their_o mark_n and_o penny_n scottish_a of_o which_o they_o have_v some_o black_a or_o copper_n monies_n as_o babaes_n esteem_v by_o they_o for_o six_o penny_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a placks_n which_o they_o esteem_v for_o four_o penny_n and_o three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a and_o last_o piece_n call_v hard-head_n esteem_v by_o they_o at_o 1½_n penny_n but_o eight_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v yet_o current_a among_o they_o scotland_n weight_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v in_o general_n as_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o one_o weight_n for_o weigh_v of_o their_o merchandise_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n and_o all_o throughout_o england_n 108_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n london_n sotile_n be_v find_v to_o render_v here_o 92_o l._n incirca_fw-la or_o the_o 112_o l._n to_o give_v 103½_n l._n or_o thereabouts_o 100_o measure_n of_o length_n 120_o for_o 100_o their_o common_a measure_n in_o length_n for_o linens_n cloth_n silk_n or_o stuff_n be_v a_o ell_n common_a in_o use_n throughout_o scotland_n which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n differ_v from_o our_o english_a yard_n as_o be_v great_a so_o that_o whereas_o we_o allow_v 36_o inch_n to_o the_o yard_n by_o rule_n their_o ell_n may_v make_v incirca_fw-la 34½_n inch_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o trader_n hither_o that_o 75_o yard_n in_o london_n or_o ell_n 60_o ell_n have_v make_v here_o 72_o scotch_a ell_n but_o in_o their_o hundred_o by_o tale_n in_o measure_n they_o account_v six_o score_n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o in_o other_o measure_n of_o corn_n coal_n salt_n or_o liquid_a measure_n of_o beer_n ale_n wine_n oil_n and_o such_o like_a imitate_v the_o better_a experience_a to_o supply_v my_o defect_n therein_o for_o i_o hasten_v now_o towards_o england_n and_o so_o to_o london_n the_o city_n of_o my_o abode_n and_o the_o end_n of_o my_o present_a labour_n and_o by_o the_o way_n will_v observe_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o addict_v both_o to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o have_v many_o good_a help_n and_o furtherance_n there_o both_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o good_a port_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o in_o brief_a i_o may_v conclude_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n than_o the_o irish_a and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o english_a which_o yet_o by_o the_o gracious_a aspect_n of_o our_o sovereign_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o increase_v and_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n chap._n cclxvii_o of_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o have_v now_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o happy_a shore_n and_o run_v through_o the_o trade_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a know_a city_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o survey_v the_o distinct_a port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o i_o may_v not_o do_v less_o to_o our_o own_o than_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v do_v to_o other_o foreign_a country_n britain_n then_o the_o queen_n of_o island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o circuit_n 1836_o mile_n extend_v itself_o comprehend_v england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o one_o entire_a island_n which_o we_o now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n 800_o mile_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o part_n as_o into_o england_n and_o wales_n who_o trade_n we_o have_v now_o in_o hand_n and_o scotland_n who_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v chap._n cclxviii_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o wales_n then_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o division_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wie_z but_o by_o some_o by_o clauda_n offa_n or_o offa_n ditch_n or_o more_o proper_a by_o interpretation_n offa_n
city_n exchange_v and_o in_o what_o region_n or_o country_n seat_v second_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n wherein_o the_o account_n in_o that_o city_n be_v keep_v by_o exchanger_n three_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o money_n in_o use_n be_v observe_v and_o in_o what_o coin_n imaginary_a or_o real_a that_o city_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v its_o exchange_n with_o the_o other_o there_o mention_v four_o underneath_o that_o be_v orderly_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o other_o place_n the_o which_o by_o a_o line_n be_v find_v to_o be_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o and_o last_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o line_n be_v write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o city_n itself_o for_o which_o the_o say_a table_n in_o the_o say_a leaf_n be_v make_v as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o leaf_n which_o be_v for_o placentia_n in_o italy_n where_o beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v these_o word_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o the_o which_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o including_z line_n draw_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a have_v reference_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o place_n which_o be_v so_o include_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o reâ—e_n with_o genova_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n from_o one_o to_o another_o next_o to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a name_n of_o place_n follow_v the_o species_n or_o money_n exchange_v either_o by_o a_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o by_o a_o break_a and_o lesser_a denomination_n which_o the_o place_n in_o the_o table_n give_v in_o exchange_n by_o proportion_n with_o the_o other_o to_o who_o name_n the_o say_a money_n be_v place_v and_o put_v unto_o as_o to_o say_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n 100_o crown_n that_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o exchange_v between_o placentia_n and_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n be_v suppose_v and_o put_v by_o a_o equivalency_n or_o in_o value_n to_o that_o quantity_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v note_v in_o lion_n follow_v as_o in_o the_o say_a example_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o crown_n 97¾_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o say_a exchange_n that_o for_o every_o 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n or_o of_o fiera_n or_o of_o mark_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o lion_n counter-payeth_a or_o give_v 97¾_n of_o his_o crown_n that_o be_v of_o the_o sun_n also_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n crown_n 1._o for_o sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n it_o give_v or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o sell_v crownâ—_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o genova_n sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v lessen_v though_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n differ_v from_o the_o present_a rate_n yet_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v not_o any_o way_n lessen_v and_o whereas_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o these_o exchange_n may_v here_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v from_o the_o current_a rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o sundry_a place_n as_o at_o this_o very_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o that_o can_v take_v away_o the_o benefit_n that_o may_v redound_v to_o merchant_n by_o the_o use_n thereof_o nor_o prejudice_v the_o labour_n or_o judgement_n of_o he_o that_o calculate_v the_o say_a table_n because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n do_v hourly_o differ_v and_o the_o money_n also_o be_v find_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v daily_o in_o sundry_a place_n upon_o which_o these_o exchange_n have_v their_o ground_n work_v and_o foundation_n and_o though_o a_o table_n be_v calculate_v precise_o to_o this_o present_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o ever_o the_o same_o can_v be_v publish_v it_o will_v find_v a_o disagreement_n in_o divers_a place_n chap._n cclxxvi_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n example_n the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n by_o three_o example_n the_o method_n be_v thus_o understand_v the_o use_n thereof_o be_v easy_o comprehend_v which_o by_o three_o example_n i_o shall_v illustrate_v and_o make_v plain_a where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o exchange_v of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o the_o rate_n mention_v in_o this_o table_n be_v not_o observable_a save_v only_o for_o the_o example_n sake_n and_o for_o instruction_n in_o the_o contract_n that_o may_v be_v make_v thereupon_o but_o the_o rate_v agree_v upon_o and_o by_o which_o the_o exchange_n be_v condition_v by_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o taker_n be_v the_o true_a and_o firm_a rule_n whereby_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v example_n first_o example_n notwithstanding_o for_o the_o first_o example_n we_o will_v propound_v a_o question_n by_o a_o contract_a price_n according_a to_o the_o current_a rate_n mention_v in_o this_o say_a table_n and_o that_o from_o naples_n a_o merchant_n will_v exchange_v ducat_n 738._o 4._o 10._o with_o placentia_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n shuâ—_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o table_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o town_n of_o placentia_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n at_o grain_n 133_o for_o a_o crown_n by_o these_o three_o number_n in_o the_o table_n mention_v i_o work_v thus_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o thres_n say_v if_o 133_o grain_n give_v 1_o crown_n how_o many_o do_v 738_o ducat_n 4._o 10._o give_v and_o work_v arithmetical_o according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n it_o make_v 555_o crown_n 11._o 3._o of_o mark_n in_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v in_o â—…era_n of_o the_o say_v placentia_n example_n second_o example_n for_o a_o second_o example_n i_o will_v propound_v that_o naples_n will_v exchange_v 500_o ducat_n with_o placentia_n at_o sold._n 18._o 2_o d._n etc._n etc._n this_o example_n consider_v will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a save_v that_o in_o the_o former_a naples_n give_v the_o lesser_a or_o break_a number_n and_o in_o this_o naples_n give_v the_o whole_a and_o entire_a number_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o find_v to_o differ_v as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n in_o simple_a exchange_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sol._n 18._o and_o den._n 2._o of_o valentia_n be_v pay_v for_o 1_o ducat_n of_o naples_n and_o by_o that_o price_n and_o rate_n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o livre_n of_o that_o money_n of_o valentia_n the_o propose_a sum_n of_o 500_o ducat_n in_o naples_n come_v into_o and_o by_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o table_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o three_o i_o say_v if_o one_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 18_o sol._n 2_o den._n how_o many_o shall_v 500_o be_v worth_n and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o make_v 454_o liurâ—s_n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n will_v 500_o ducat_n of_o naples_n give_v at_o the_o price_n aforementioned_a thus_o example_n three_o example_n all_o other_o exchange_n have_v their_o resolution_n as_o these_o two_o former_a but_o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v true_a some_o accident_n may_v interpose_v which_o may_v cause_v the_o question_n to_o have_v a_o double_a work_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o genova_n will_v exchange_v with_o venetia_n crown_n 1000_o of_o liures_fw-fr 4._o to_o livre_n 7_o l._n 10_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n and_o the_o credit_n be_v require_v in_o ducat_n now_o then_o because_o the_o simple_a exchange_n give_v the_o money_n in_o livre_n you_o must_v make_v another_o reckon_n to_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o ducat_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o in_o any_o other_o case_n will_v i_o have_v but_o one_o account_n make_v the_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n multiply_v i_o say_v then_o if_o 1_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7._o 100_o den._n and_o that_o 6_o s._n 4_o den._n be_v worth_n one_o ducat_n how_o many_o ducat_n will_v a_o 1000_o crown_n make_v and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 1209_o ducat_n 13._o 6_o d._n for_o credit_n which_o from_o genova_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o thousand_o crown_n in_o venice_n the_o question_n be_v well_o observe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o money_n be_v account_v by_o livre_n sol_n and_o den._n or_o as_o we_o say_v in_o england_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n it_o be_v account_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o sol._n or_o shill_n 20_o
make_v a_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n and_o 12_o denier_n or_o pence_n make_v a_o soldo_n or_o shilling_n the_o same_o rule_n also_o hold_v in_o those_o place_n who_o great_a money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o feign_a or_o who_o keep_v not_o this_o orderly_a succession_n as_o be_v the_o ducat_n of_o catalonia_n of_o castilia_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o pertugal_n also_o those_o crown_n who_o have_v no_o proper_a part_n also_o the_o ducatoon_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o and_o the_o florm_n in_o germany_n all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o ought_v to_o succeed_v in_o 20_o and_o 12_o that_o be_v in_o sold_n and_o den._n or_o shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o each_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o property_n of_o that_o country_n and_o as_o shall_v be_v signify_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o that_o place_n among_o which_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v common_o resolve_v by_o the_o more_o principal_a of_o their_o own_o money_n as_o the_o exchange_n of_o sicily_n with_o catalonia_n castilia_n portugal_n brabant_n and_o england_n and_o howsoever_o they_o make_v their_o exchange_n either_o by_o the_o sicilian_a florin_n or_o by_o the_o ducat_n notwithstanding_o the_o parcel_n be_v resolve_v in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n which_o be_v thorough_o declare_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n and_o last_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n and_o day_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v in_o many_o country_n to_o differ_v in_o length_n of_o time_n and_o be_v limit_v of_o divers_a day_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n â—…sing_v and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n have_v a_o course_n set_v by_o a_o continual_a meeting_n of_o exchanger_n and_o their_o opinion_n in_o equality_n of_o value_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o needful_a circumstance_n of_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o learn_v where_o also_o he_o shall_v find_v at_o large_a how_o most_o of_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o reckon_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o table_n themselves_o as_o i_o find_v they_o calculate_v by_o the_o say_v geo_n bapt._n zuletta_n and_o other_o follow_v he_o chap._n cclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n a_o place_n of_o fair_n or_o fiera_n of_o exchange_n in_o italy_n placentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n this_o town_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o fair_a or_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o not_o as_o a_o city_n of_o trafficle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o esteem_n make_v of_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n but_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_v which_o be_v crown_n of_o mark_n in_o which_o money_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v only_o treat_v and_o account_v in_o and_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v by_o crown_n sell_v and_o denier_n of_o mark._n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o other_o place_n be_v either_o crown_v one_o or_o crown_n one_o hundred_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o 96¾_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 67._o 10_o sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 134._o 9_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 109½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 135½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 135_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29_o carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 128_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o 81½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 6_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 4_o den._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 482_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 1_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_n 1_o 118¾_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 103½_n quarentins_n in_o the_o 382._o chapter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v how_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v chap._n cclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n paris_n and_o roven_n in_o france_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n etc._n etc._n in_o lion_n paris_n roven_n and_o through_o all_o france_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n denier_n and_o turnois_n and_o they_o here_o do_v exchange_n in_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o denier_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o france_n a_o frank_n and_o 3_o livre_n or_o frank_n be_v account_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o standard_n of_o the_o country_n pass_v at_o 58_o sol._n of_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o number_n either_o one_o crown_n or_o one_o hundred_o crown_n of_o the_o sol._n lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o placentia_n crown_n 100_o for_o 103½_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 66½_n sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 115_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n duc._n bank_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 106½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_n 100_o 117½_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 124_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 122½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 123_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n antw_n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 96_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o den._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 436_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 485_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 119â…•_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 104_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 302._o and_o so_o follow_v of_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n chap._n cclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n rome_n the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o rome_n the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n julios_fw-la bacochs_n and_o quatrin_n and_o they_o exchange_n in_o ducat_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o camera_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o abovesard_n money_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o 100_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v 10_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 40_o quatrin_n and_o the_o bacoch_n be_v 4_o quatrin_n the_o ducat_n of_o camera_n according_a to_o the_o old_a value_n be_v worth_a 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n be_v 102½_n crown_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n the_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n except_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o sicilia_n bologna_n and_o bergamo_n and_o to_o all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o a_o 100_o ducat_n rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 97¾_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 97½_n 100_o crown_n genoa_n ducat_n 97â…›_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 97¼_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n ducat_n 85â…“_n 100_o ducat_n florence_z ducat_n 91¾_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 84_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 135_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 134â…”_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 134½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 15_o tarin_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 17_o tarin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 125_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 87½_n d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 24_o 2_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o denier_n barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o denier_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 440_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 482_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n 326._o and_o so_o follow_v chap._n cclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liguria_n genova_n the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n in_o genova_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n and_o they_o exchange_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v it_o that_o be_v the_o common_a in_o use_n of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a sol._n 90._o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v worth_n less_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v imaginary_a and_o value_v according_a as_o the_o fair_n of_o exchange_n permit_v of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a 68_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o
exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o except_v placentis_fw-la and_o lion_n the_o which_o be_v either_o one_o crown_n or_o 100_o crown_n the_o which_o crown_n be_v account_v of_o gold_n for_o all_o the_o place_n except_v milan_n venice_n and_o germany_n to_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o give_v the_o crown_n of_o 4_o livre_n current_a genova_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 66_o of_o gold_n for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sol._n 664_o of_o gold_n 1_o crown_n rome_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 98½_n ducat_n milan_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la 119_o sold_n venice_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la 7_o liv._o 10_o sol._n pico_n florence_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 106¼_n crown_v lucca_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 118_o ducat_n naples_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 135_o grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 134½_n grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 29â…“_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 29½_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 124_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 83_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 9_o saragosa_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 10._o barcelona_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 8._o siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n marved._n 436._o lisbon_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n ray_n 470._o bologna_n crown_n 101_o of_o gold_n ducat_n 118½_n bergamo_n crown_n 110_o of_o gold_n ducat_n 118â…“_n frankford_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la quarentin_n 92._o vide_fw-la chap._n 360._o how_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n in_o lombardy_n milan_n the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n in_o milan_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n imperial_a and_o some_o in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v account_v the_o imperial_a money_n there_o be_v also_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o no_o settle_a price_n but_o now_o worth_a sol._n 135._o the_o crown_n of_o 6_o livre_n be_v it_o which_o some_o do_v use_v in_o exchange_n with_o genova_n the_o crown_n of_o 117_o sol_n be_v in_o use_n for_o the_o exchange_n of_o venetia_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n and_o sometime_o to_o genova_n and_o to_o all_o the_o other_o the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o or_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n except_v only_o to_o venetia_n which_o be_v of_o sol._n 117_o as_o aforesaid_a milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 134_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sold._n 135½_n 1_o crown_n rome_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 98¼_n ducat_n genova_n gold_n crown_n 1_o liv._o 4._o 10_o current_n venice_n cro._n 1_o of_o 117_o sol._n 1_o liv._o 7._o 6._o florence_n gold_n crown_n 100_o crown_n 105._o lucca_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 117_o ducat_n naples_n gold_n crown_v 100_o 133_o ducat_n lechi_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 134_o ducat_n bari_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 133½_n ducat_n palermo_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n mesina_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 29â…“_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n gold_n crown_n 1_o 124_o gross_v london_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 84½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n barcelona_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 23._o 9_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n gold_n crown_n 1_o 434_o marvede_n lisbon_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 465_o ray_n bologna_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 118_o ducatoon_n saragosa_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 23._o 10_o sol._n bergamo_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 118_o ducatoon_n frankford_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 440._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n venice_n the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n in_o venetia_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o picol_n and_o some_o in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n gross_a and_o other_o in_o ducat_n and_o gross_v the_o money_n which_o here_o be_v call_v picoli_n be_v the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n the_o money_n which_o we_o here_o call_v gross_a be_v worth_a 1_o livre_fw-fr sol._n 62_o of_o picol_n or_o 10_o ducat_n the_o ducat_n be_v always_o worth_a livre_n 6._o sol._n 4._o of_o picol_n or_o else_o account_v 24_o gross_v the_o gross_a be_v worth_a sol._n 5._o 2_o d._n of_o picol_n and_o in_o the_o livre_fw-fr of_o gross_v it_o be_v account_v and_o reckon_v as_o in_o denier_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n only_o to_o placentia_n lion_n genova_n milan_n and_o bologna_n and_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o whole_a number_n either_o by_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o 100_o ducat_n venetia_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 129_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 129½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 100_o 77½_n ducat_n geno_n liv._o pic._n ducat_n 7._o 10_o 1_o crown_n of_o 4_o liv._o current_a mill._n liv._o pic._n 7._o 6_o 5_o 1_o crown_n of_o 117_o sol._n florence_n ducat_n 100_o 82_o crown_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 100_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 100¼_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 99¼_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o tarin_n 11._o 2_o mesina_n ducat_n 1_o tarin_n 10._o 18._o antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 91_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 60_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 7_o 6._o saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17_o 8._o barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17_o 10._o siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o marvedes_fw-la 320._o lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o rate_n 350._o bologna_n ducat_n 115_o ducatoon_n 100_o bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 117._o frankford_n ducat_n 100_o florin_n 127._o lucca_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 91._o vide_fw-la chap._n 368._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n the_o ducal_z city_n of_o tuscany_n florence_n the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n in_o florence_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n picoli_n and_o exchange_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n the_o money_n which_o be_v here_o call_v picol_n be_v the_o money_n current_n of_o the_o place_n the_o crown_n be_v always_o worth_a livre_n 7._o sol._n 10._o of_o picol_n wherein_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o place_n be_v divers_a in_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n with_o the_o current_a money_n and_o here_o the_o variety_n be_v accord_v by_o the_o exchange_n they_o use_v also_o a_o ducat_n which_o be_v worth_a livre_n 7._o or_o else_o bolonini_fw-la 70._o in_o the_o use_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o lion_n placentia_n genova_n milan_n and_o venice_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o entire_a or_o whole_a number_n find_v to_o be_v either_o one_o crown_n or_o 100_o crown_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n crown_n 105_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n crown_n 105½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n crown_v 100_o 96_o ducat_n genova_n crown_v 106_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_v 106½_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n crown_v 82½_n 100_o ducat_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 112_o ducatoon_n naples_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n lechi_n crown_v 100_o 129_o ducat_n bari_n crown_v 100_o 129¼_n ducat_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 28½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 28â…“_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 118_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 80_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 4_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 6_o sol._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 2_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 460_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 115½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 115_o ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 89_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 400_o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lucca_n a_o republic_n in_o tuscany_n lucca_n the_o exchange_n of_o lucca_n in_o lucca_n exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol._n and_o denier_n of_o picol_n and_o do_v change_n in_o ducatoon_n sol._n and_o denier_n the_o money_n here_o call_v picol_n be_v the_o current_n câ—…_n of_o the_o place_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a liv._o 7._o sol._n 10._o of_o picol_n as_o in_o florence_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n of_o picol_n and_o be_v common_o call_v the_o crown_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n genoa_n milan_n and_o venetia_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o entire_a or_o whole_a which_o be_v one_o ducatoon_n or_o 100_o ducatoon_n lucca_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117¼_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 118¼_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 119_o 100_o duc._n genoa_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n
here_o proper_o in_o the_o general_a say_v to_o be_v of_o two_o distinct_a kind_n the_o one_o as_o appertain_v to_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o private_a estate_n and_o interest_n the_o first_o i_o hold_v proper_a and_o fit_v the_o knowledge_n of_o counsellor_n and_o statesman_n and_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a and_o fit_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trading-merchant_n the_o find_v out_o of_o both_o which_o parson_n in_o exchange_n be_v thus_o par._n 1._o prince_n par._n the_o first_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n which_o i_o term_v here_o the_o prince_n par_fw-fr or_o the_o sovereign_n value_n for_o value_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a kingdom_n city_n or_o place_n the_o several_a standard_n thereof_o so_o equal_o proportion_v so_o true_o and_o just_o by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o mint_n rectify_v that_o each_o prince_n his_o coin_n in_o exchange_n may_v have_v its_o due_a allowance_n according_a to_o the_o goodness_n and_o fineness_n coarsness_n and_o badness_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o herein_o to_o make_v and_o to_o settle_v this_o abovenamed_a par_n exact_o betwixt_o one_o kingdom_n and_o another_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o those_o of_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n with_o the_o real_a proportion_n that_o happen_v therein_o not_o only_o between_o our_o own_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o other_o country_n this_o examination_n comparison_n and_o proportion_n due_o right_o and_o real_o examine_v compare_v and_o proportion_v and_o no_o difference_n inequality_n or_o disproportion_n find_v or_o admit_v therein_o then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o kingdom_n hereby_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o own_o pound_n sterling_a contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n italy_n germany_n netherlands_o eastland_n etc._n etc._n this_o kingdom_n be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o our_o own_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n dollar_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o real_a or_o imaginary_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_v and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n depend_v thereon_o i_o here_o call_v the_o prince_n his_o par_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o his_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o other_o country_n and_o kingdom_n par._n 2._o merchant_n par._n the_o second_o par_n i_o call_v the_o merchant_n or_o exchanger_n par_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ground_v partly_o upon_o the_o sovereign_n or_o prince_n par_n abovementioned_a but_o principal_o upon_o the_o current_a value_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhansement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o such_o merchant_n as_o be_v exchanger_n do_v endeavour_n by_o certain_a rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o equalise_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o prince_n or_o country_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o every_o man_n that_o deliver_v his_o money_n in_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o have_v it_o in_o another_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v ever_o curious_a to_o understand_v either_o the_o loss_n or_o gain_n that_o come_v thereof_o which_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o distinguish_v by_o the_o knowledge_n and_o find_v out_o this_o par_fw-fr aforementioned_a for_o find_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o he_o that_o remit_v to_o know_v either_o by_o his_o own_o advice_n judgement_n or_o otherwise_o how_o much_o the_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n or_o pound_v whence_o he_o remit_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n whither_o he_o will_v make_v his_o remittance_n unto_o as_o for_o example_n have_v money_n in_o lion_n in_o france_n which_o i_o will_v remit_v for_o antwerp_n i_o ought_v to_o know_v how_o much_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n be_v real_o worth_a in_o antwerp_n as_o presuppose_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n of_o 67_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n 7_o sols_n turnâ—…_n be_v worth_a by_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o course_n thereof_o 100_o gross_v there_o i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o a_o real_a crown_n of_o 60_o sol_n or_o 3_o l._n turnois_n the_o crown_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v worth_a multiply_a and_o divide_v as_o the_o rule_n require_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v sols_n 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o â—…_n 67_o gross_n per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n turnois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n thereby_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hereby_o evident_a that_o 89_o â—7_n 67_o gross_a be_v the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n the_o which_o rule_n may_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n in_o remittance_n for_o all_o other_o place_n for_o it_o be_v not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o any_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o herein_o consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o species_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o daily_o rise_v and_o fall_v and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o every_o day_n according_a to_o present_v occasion_n likewise_o alter_v find_v to_o be_v sometime_o at_o one_o rate_n and_o sometime_o at_o another_o and_o this_o par_n be_v the_o matter_n whereupon_o all_o merchant_n exchange_n for_o profit_n and_o loss_n be_v ground_v and_o be_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o value_v for_o value_n which_o in_o this_o follow_a tract_n i_o principal_o and_o fundamental_o aim_v at_o now_o the_o last_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o place_n and_o now_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o method_n form_n and_o manner_n how_o the_o account_n of_o these_o divers_a exchange_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v between_o one_o merchant_n and_o another_o cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v which_o indeed_o principal_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o pen_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o arithmetician_n which_o as_o a_o necessary_a adjunct_n and_o needful_a furtherance_n to_o the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_v i_o have_v hereto_o insert_v and_o have_v herein_o pitch_v upon_o the_o principal_a place_n here_o mention_v willing_o omit_v the_o least_o and_o rest_n of_o they_o have_v fit_v to_o such_o as_o i_o have_v conceive_v the_o most_o worthy_a apt_a question_n and_o their_o solution_n from_o one_o town_n or_o city_n to_o another_o with_o the_o denomination_n of_o their_o several_a account_n and_o species_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o brief_a calculation_n thereof_o and_o the_o short_a proof_n of_o each_o prescribe_a rule_n and_o position_n add_v for_o conclusion_n to_o each_o general_a city_n of_o exchange_n some_o example_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v according_a to_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o use_n of_o the_o place_n omit_v some_o other_o principal_a point_n wherein_o i_o may_v have_v enlarge_v both_o this_o matter_n and_o subject_n that_o the_o ingedious_a head_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o learner_n may_v have_v room_n and_o scope_n to_o work_v upon_o according_a either_o to_o his_o desire_n capacity_n or_o inclination_n chap_n ccciii_o of_o example_n upon_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o lion_n and_o how_o the_o the_o same_o be_v calculate_v lion_n example_n upon_o exchange_n in_o lion_n i_o have_v former_o note_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v only_o in_o use_n four_o time_n a_o year_n which_o be_v first_o 1._o the_o payment_n of_o roys_n begin_v the_o 6_o of_o march_n after_o their_o style_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o month._n 2._o the_o payment_n of_o pasque_n or_o easter_n the_o 6_o of_o june_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o august_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n 4._o the_o payment_n of_o all-saint_n the_o 6_o of_o december_n lion_n the_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n the_o acceptance_n of_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o be_v always_o make_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o each_o payment_n which_o acceptance_n hold_v in_o themselves_o both_o a_o promise_n and_o
of_o lion_n with_o genoa_n lion_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v in_o that_o place_n positâ—_n of_o money_n in_o gold_n 59_o s._n 9_o d._n i_o demand_v for_o cro._n 9432._o 9_o of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o genoa_n in_o current_a money_n to_o do_v which_o first_o multiply_v the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o sol._n 59_o 9_o d._n and_o it_o make_v sol._n 563588._o 10_o d._n which_o reduce_v into_o liver_n make_v lib._n 28179._o 8._o 10_o mâ—ny_o of_o gold_n which_o divide_v by_o 68_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o that_o which_o rest_v of_o the_o division_n you_o must_v multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sol_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 8288._o 1._o 5_o of_o gold_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o 4½_n which_o be_v the_o price_n at_o present_a of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o of_o its_o product_n will_v come_v lib._n 37296._o 6._o 4_o of_o money_n current_n and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n 9432._o 9_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o you_o must_v note_v that_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n cannie_v be_v reduce_v into_o current_a money_n unless_o first_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o crown_n of_o exchange_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o genoa_n do_v exchange_n for_o lion_n chap._n cccxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o milan_n lion_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n posito_fw-la 118â…“_n s._n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o liver_n make_v crown_n 1564._o 15._o 6._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o millaâ—t_n to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v sum_n of_o crown_n by_o 5_o l._n 18._o 4._o which_o be_v the_o sol_n 118â—_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o l_o 5_o by_o the_o 6_o den._n and_o then_o by_o the_o 15_o which_o be_v with_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o proceed_v of_o the_o multiplication_n shall_v be_v l._n 9258._o 5._o which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n shall_v be_v manifest_a in_o the_o example_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n chap._n cccxu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o venetia_n venetia_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o venetia_n lion_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v their_o ducat_n posito_fw-la 119â…”_n of_o liver_n 6â…™_n per_fw-la ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3549._o 10._o of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o venice_n to_o know_v which_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a 119â—_n ducat_n and_o the_o remainder_n produce_v by_o the_o say_a multiplication_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o 24_o because_o that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 24_o gross_n and_o out_o of_o that_o product_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v they_o will_v make_v dacâ—t_o 48_o 38_o 1_o 12_o which_o lion_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o venice_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o example_n facit_fw-la 4238_o ducat_n 2_o gross_n and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n shall_v be_v manifest_v by_o example_n proof_n proof_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o venetia_n back_n for_o lion_n chap._n cccxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o bolonia_n bolonia_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o bolonia_n lion_n exchange_v with_o bolonia_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o bolonia_n crown_v 113_o of_o liver_n 4¾_n per_fw-la crown_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 3879._o 13._o 4._o of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o bolonia_n to_o do_v which_o multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o 113_o and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n then_o multiply_v they_o by_o 20._o and_o 12._o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 4282._o 6._o 5._o in_o bolonia_n the_o which_o you_o must_v bring_v into_o liver_n by_o multiply_v they_o by_o l._n 4._o 15._o which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o bolonia_n and_o they_o make_v l._n 20341._o 0._o 5._o which_o lion_n shall_v have_v credit_n for_o in_o bolonia_n the_o proof_n hereof_o serve_v to_o know_v how_o to_o make_v the_o account_n when_o bolonia_n exchange_v for_o lion_n and_o be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o 3_o saying_n if_o crown_n 213_o give_v 100_o crown_n how_o many_o shall_v 4282_o crown_n 5._o s._n 6_o d._n give_v chap._n cccxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o placentia_n lion_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v 119â…”_n posito_fw-la crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n crown_v 100_o of_o marc._n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3489._o 15_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o crown_n shall_v be_v due_a to_o i_o in_o placentia_n to_o find_v which_o i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crowas_n 119â…”_n give_v 100_o crown_n of_o marc._n how_o many_o will_n crown_v 3489._o 15._o give_v the_o product_v of_o which_o rule_n give_v crown_n 2916._o 4._o 6._o d._n of_o marc._n and_o so_o much_o shall_v be_v due_a to_o i_o in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o example_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o placentia_n shall_v exchange_v with_o lion_n chap._n cccxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o antwerp_n lion_n exchange_v with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la 121â…“_n gross_n i_o demand_v then_o how_o many_o liver_n of_o gross_v i_o shall_v have_v there_o for_o cro._n 6895._o 11._o 3._o to_o do_v which_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a 121â…“_n gross_n and_o it_o give_v gross_v 836661_o out_o of_o which_o take_v 1_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 69721._o 9_o which_o to_o make_v into_o liver_n you_o must_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v the_o ½_n of_o the_o other_o and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o l._n 3486._o 1._o 9_o of_o gross_v which_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o antwerp_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o by_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n will_v appear_v when_o that_o antwerp_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o therein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o exchange_n that_o lion_n make_v with_o antwerp_n the_o calculation_n will_v serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o colonia_n because_o the_o same_o money_n be_v use_v in_o exchange_n in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o colonia_n as_o in_o antwerp_n and_o the_o same_o also_o be_v in_o use_n in_o amsterdam_n and_o throughout_o the_o netherlands_o chap._n cccxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o london_n lion_n exchange_v with_o london_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o london_n posito_fw-la pence_n sterling_a 58_o i_o then_o demand_v for_o crown_n 7693._o 10._o 0._o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o lian_o of_o pound_n sterling_a shall_v i_o have_v in_o london_n work_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n and_o account_v from_o lion_n to_o antwerp_n and_o it_o will_v make_v sterling_a pound_n 1859._o 5._o 3._o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v the_o same_o give_v i_o in_o london_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n shall_v appear_v when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o this_o place_n of_o lion_n roven_n paris_n roven_n here_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v calculate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o either_o pâ—ris_n roven_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o france_n do_v exchange_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n or_o for_o any_o other_o city_n in_o england_n chap._n cccxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o francfort_n francfort_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o francfort_n lion_n exchange_v with_o francfort_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n quarentines_n posito_fw-la 95¼_n i_o demand_v for_o 1500_o crown_n of_o
govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a rule_n can_v be_v peremptory_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v make_v his_o calculation_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o it_o be_v also_o there_o note_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o what_o be_v to_o follow_v that_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n in_o rome_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n of_o stamp_n or_o camera_n sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n name_v of_o the_o eight_o stamp_n which_o be_v number_v by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o 12_o denier_n a_o sol._n the_o crown_n of_o stamp_n be_v worth_a 12_o julio_n the_o crown_n in_o money_n worth_a 10_o and_o the_o julioâ—_n worth_n 10_o baio_n chap._n cccxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lion_n first_o then_o rome_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v cro._n 85_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o eight_o stamp_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o lion_n crown_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3842._o 10._o 7._o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o lion_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crown_n 85_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o will_v 3842._o 10._o 7._o crown_n give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 4520._o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o dividend_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crown_n 4520._o 12._o 5._o of_o the_o sâ—…_n that_o rome_n ought_v to_o have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap_n cccxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n room_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 99¼_n crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v here_o crown_v 100_o of_o marc._n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1382._o 5._o 8._o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o marc._n placentia_n shall_v have_v you_o must_v reduce_v the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 15_o for_o the_o ¼_n of_o a_o crown_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a price_n give_v crown_n 100_o of_o marc._n how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n in_o do_v which_o they_o will_v amount_v to_o crown_n 1385._o 14._o 11._o of_o marc._n which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n room_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1476._o 2._o 3._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o the_o say_v florence_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v reduce_v as_o afore_o be_v say_v the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n of_o gold_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 5_o sol_n for_o the_o ¼_n crown_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a price_n give_v crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o have_v sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o come_v to_o crown_n 1600._o 5._o 2._o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o credit_n must_v rome_n have_v in_o florence_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o as_o florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venice_n room_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v crown_n 73½_n posito_fw-la of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n ducat_n 100_o the_o banco_n of_o liver_n 6â…•_n per_fw-la ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 850._o 15._o 8._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n in_o banco_n shall_v i_o have_v at_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o i_o must_v reduce_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n of_o gold_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 10_o sol_n for_o the_o ½_n crown_n and_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o price_n give_v ducat_n 100_o how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n give_v i_o that_o come_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o gross_n because_o that_o 24_o gross_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o venice_n 1_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n than_o it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1157½_n which_o rome_n have_v credit_n at_o venice_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n may_v be_v discern_v when_o as_o venetia_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n back_o chap._n cccxxxxi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n room_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 87â…˜_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n crown_v 100_o of_o liver_n 5._o sol._n 17_o per_fw-la crown_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 2140._o 16_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o milan_n shall_v i_o have_v first_o reduce_v the_o price_n and_o the_o crown_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o to_o the_o multiplication_n add_v 16_o sol._n â…˜_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o sol_n come_v of_o the_o price_n give_v crown_n 100_o how_o many_o will_v the_o sol_n come_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crown_n 2438._o 5._o 4_o d._n the_o which_o you_o must_v reduce_v into_o liver_n by_o multiply_v they_o by_o l._n 5._o 17._o and_o they_o will_v make_v l._n 14263._o 17._o 2_o d._n which_o i_o must_v have_v at_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o appear_v plain_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o milan_n shall_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n rome_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la ducat_n 135â…”_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 2346._o 15._o 4_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o grain_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n see_v it_o be_v the_o same_o grain_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n as_o in_o ducat_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a in_o naples_n grain_n 100_o and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v grain_n 318377_o off_o the_o which_o you_o must_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n and_o then_o it_o make_v ducat_n 3183_o tarry_v 3_o grain_n 17_o and_o these_o tarry_v and_o grain_n make_v grain_n 77_o because_o that_o the_o tarry_v be_v worth_a grain_n 20_o and_o so_o much_o you_o be_v to_o have_v in_o naples_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o estamp_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n do_v exchange_v this_o sum_n back_o with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxiii_o of_o the_o
exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o genoa_n room_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 101_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v iâ—_n the_o say_a place_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o italy_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 4000_o 10._o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n shall_v rome_n have_v at_o genoa_n you_o must_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o estampe_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o italy_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o crown_n 100_o of_o estampe_n for_o crown_n 102½_n of_o gold_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v multiply_v by_o 102½_n in_o cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o you_o must_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 4100._o 10._o 3._o of_o gold_n of_o italy_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 101_o cro._n give_v 100_o crown_n what_o shall_v 4100_o crown_n 10._o 3_o give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 4059._o 18._o 3_o of_o gold_n in_o gold_n of_o italy_n and_o for_o to_o reduce_v they_o into_o liver_n you_o must_v multiply_v they_o by_o liver_n 4_o 3_o 2_o the_o value_n of_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o so_o do_v it_o will_v come_v to_o l._n 18269._o 12._o 1_o current_a money_n that_o rome_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o estampe_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v more_o apparent_o demonstrate_v when_o genoa_n do_v exchange_n this_o parcel_n back_o with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o palermo_n or_o mesina_n mesina_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o paelermo_n and_o mesina_n room_n exchange_v with_o palermo_n or_o mesina_n and_o give_v 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o one_o of_o the_o two_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la carl._n 29â…•_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o crown_n 4000_o 10._o 6_o what_o credit_n in_o ounce_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o palermo_n or_o mesina_n to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n by_o 29â…“_n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v carlins_n 117348._o 7._o 2._o the_o which_o must_v be_v reduce_v into_o ounce_n by_o cut_v the_o last_o sigure_n and_o by_o take_v the_o â…™_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o 48_o remain_v be_v caâ—lins_n of_o which_o take_v the_o ½_n and_o they_o shall_v be_v tarry_v and_o in_o this_o work_n it_o will_v make_v ounce_n 1955_o tarry_v 24_o grain_n 7_o and_o picoly_n 2_o which_o rome_n must_v have_v credit_n for_o in_o one_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a crown_v of_o estempe_n as_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o palermo_n or_o mesina_n shall_v exchange_v back_o with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o antwerp_n room_n exchange_v with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la 114_o gross_a i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 2000_o 17._o 8_o how_o many_o pound_n in_o gross_a or_o gresses_z shall_v rome_n have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n to_o do_v this_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o 114_o and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v gross_v 228100_o the_o which_o reduce_v into_o pound_n flemish_n will_v make_v l._n 950._o 8._o 4._o and_o for_o so_o much_o shall_v rome_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o antwerp_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v demonstrate_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o antwerp_n to_o rome_n and_o note_v that_o when_o rome_n shall_v exchange_v with_o frankfort_n amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o the_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o abovesaid_a manner_n of_o rome_n with_o antwerp_n chap._n cccxxxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o london_n room_n exchange_v with_o london_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n there_o to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n posito_fw-la 65_o penny_n sterling_a i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 4000_o 14._o 8._o of_o estamp_n how_o many_o povad_v sterling_a shall_v rome_n have_v credit_n in_o london_n which_o must_v be_v wrought_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n of_o rome_n with_o antwerp_n and_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o it_o will_v amount_v unto_o 1083._o 10._o 8._o den_n which_o lought_v to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o london_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estamp_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n will_v more_o evident_o appear_v when_o the_o sum_n of_o 1083_o l._n 10_o s._n 8¼_n den_n sterl_n be_v remit_v from_o london_n to_o rome_n which_o i_o hope_n be_v not_o in_o these_o day_n use_v in_o england_n chap._n cccxxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o the_o city_n of_o valentia_n saragosa_n or_o barselona_n barcelona_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o valentia_n saragosa_n and_o barcelona_n room_n do_v exchange_n with_o valentia_n saragosa_n and_o barselona_n and_o give_v 1_o crown_n of_o estamâ—…_n to_o have_v in_o one_o of_o the_o say_a place_n sol_n posito_fw-la 25._o den_n 6._o i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 6000_o 14._o 4._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o one_o of_o the_o say_a place_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n by_o l._n 1._o 5._o 6._o and_o they_o will_v make_v l._n 7650._o 18._o 3_o d._n which_o rome_n shall_v have_v in_o credit_n in_o one_o of_o the_o say_a place_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n this_o rule_n be_v best_a see_v when_o this_o sum_n shall_v be_v remit_v back_o from_o these_o city_n to_o rome_n and_o because_o that_o the_o calculation_n to_o all_o these_o three_o place_n be_v make_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o have_v put_v they_o thus_o together_o the_o price_n only_o give_v the_o alteration_n in_o exchange_n more_o or_o less_o in_o each_o city_n chap._n cccxxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o sevil._n sevil_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o sevil_n room_n exchange_v with_o sevil_n and_o give_v 1_o crown_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o sevil_n posito_fw-la 456_o marvede_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 400_o crown_n of_o estampe_n how_o many_o marvede_n shall_v roâ—…_n have_v in_o sevil_n to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n by_o 456_o mâ—…evedes_n and_o they_o make_v 182400_o which_o rome_n must_v have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n and_o it_o be_v hereto_o be_v note_v that_o throughout_o all_o castilia_n the_o exchange_n be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o at_o seville_n and_o they_o likewise_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o the_o denomination_n of_o marvede_n and_o when_o as_o they_o amount_v to_o a_o million_o they_o term_v it_o in_o spanish_a a_o quintos_fw-la proof_n proof_n at_o alcala_n and_o other_o place_n in_o spain_n the_o account_n be_v as_o above_o make_v and_o the_o further_a proof_n thereof_o be_v see_v when_o that_o sevil_n shall_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lisbon_n lisbon_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lisbon_n room_n do_v exchange_n with_o lisbon_n and_o deliver_v one_o crown_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la 513_o raes_n i_o demand_v what_o credit_n in_o raes_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o lisbon_n for_o 325_o crown_n 9_o 6._o d._n this_o question_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n be_v show_v and_o it_o 〈◊〉_d appear_v that_o rome_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o lisbon_n for_o raes_n 166968_o as_o shall_v be_v see_v by_o the_o worâ—ing_n thereof_o follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o lisbon_n shall_v exchange_v back_o raes_n 166968_o with_o rome_n at_o 513_o raes_n per_fw-la ducat_n chap._n cccxl_o of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o rome_n rome_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o rome_n from_o rome_n the_o term_n be_v to_o naples_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o from_o thence_o back_o at_o 10_o day_n to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n to_o palermo_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o from_o thence_o back_o at_o 10_o day_n to_o florence_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 45_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o 10_o
crown_n 73â…”_n give_v 93â…“_n crown_n what_o will_v crown_n 74â…“_n give_v and_o it_o will_v give_v by_o the_o say_a rule_n crown_n 94._o 3._o 6_o d._n so_o that_o this_o order_n and_o commission_n may_v be_v accomplish_v and_o perform_v with_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crown_n 74â…“_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v draw_v to_o florence_n at_o crown_n 94._o 3._o 6_o and_o there_o it_o be_v find_v at_o more_o videlicet_fw-la at_o crown_n 94â…”_n as_o for_o example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o instruction_n and_o method_n to_o the_o exchange_n and_o commission_n practise_v at_o rome_n and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o eminent_a place_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o my_o intend_a method_n which_o be_v naples_n chap._n cccxliii_o example_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o naples_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v naples_n example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o naples_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o do_v govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o find_v to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a rule_n can_v peremptory_o be_v set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o learner_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o naples_n account_n in_o naples_n it_o be_v also_o there_o observe_v that_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o the_o place_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o ducat_n tarry_v and_o grain_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 5_o and_o by_o 20_o because_o that_o 5_o tarry_v do_v make_v a_o ducat_n and_o 20_o grain_n a_o tarry_v also_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v 13_o carlin_n or_o 6½_n tarry_v and_o the_o crown_n of_o money_n or_o silver_n be_v 11_o carlin_n or_o 5½_n tarry_v the_o ducute_a of_o gold_n be_v worth_n 6_o tarry_v and_o the_o ducat_n current_n be_v worth_a 5_o tarry_v chap._n cccxliv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n naples_n then_o exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 127½_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3295_o and_o 1_o tarry_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o ducat_n 127½_n give_v 100_o crown_n how_o many_o will_v ducat_n 3295â…•_n give_v multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v make_v crown_n 2584._o 9_o 4._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v at_o lion_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n exchange_v back_o either_o for_o naples_n bery_n lechy_a or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 132¼_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 3416_o tarry_v 2_o and_o grain_n 8_o how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v at_o placentia_n to_o do_v which_o i_o must_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n into_o grain_n and_o if_o there_o be_v neither_o tarry_v nor_o grain_n it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o only_a addition_n of_o two_o cipher_n because_o that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 100_o grain_n and_o because_o that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o question_n 2_o tarry_v and_o 8_o grain_n 48_o grain_n be_v to_o be_v add_v and_o take_v grain_n 132¼_n for_o divisor_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n see_v it_o be_v as_o much_o at_o grain_n 132¼_n per_fw-la crown_n as_o at_o duc._n 132¼_n per_fw-la crown_n 100_o multiply_v as_o well_o the_o one_o part_n as_o the_o other_o by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o quarter_n of_o grain_n and_o after_o division_n by_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o divisor_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o all_o this_o do_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 2573._o 12._o 4_o of_o mark_n which_o i_o must_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n abovementioned_a as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v more_o apparent_o demonstrate_v when_o this_o sum_n or_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o placentia_n to_o naples_n bary_n lechy_a or_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o rome_n naples_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 135â…”_n in_o this_o place_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3183._o 3._o 17._o what_o credit_n in_o crown_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o rome_n to_o know_v which_o the_o question_n be_v wrought_v as_o be_v before_o mention_v in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 2346._o 15._o 2._o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n or_o de_fw-fr camera_n and_o for_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o rome_n to_o naples_n bary_n lechy_a or_o to_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o florence_n naples_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v duc._n posita_fw-la 119â…”_n to_o have_v in_o florence_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 934._o 1._o 10._o how_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o florence_n this_o must_v be_v wrought_v as_o the_o precedent_a question_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 780._o 15._o 0_o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n as_o appeareth_z by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v declare_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o florence_n to_o naples_n chap._n cccxlviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o venice_n naples_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 97¼_n to_o have_v in_o venice_n ducas_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…•_n of_o this_o money_n which_o now_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 1799._o 1._o 13_o of_o naples_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o the_o place_n of_o venetia_n this_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v as_o the_o precedent_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o gross_a because_o that_o the_o ducat_n of_o liver_n 6._o 4_o s._n make_v 24_o gross_a and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 1850_o 5_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n of_o 1850_o 3_o 24_o be_v exchange_v baâ—…_n from_o venice_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n of_o naples_n chap._n cccxlix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o milan_n naples_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la duc._n 98½_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n crow_n 100_o of_o liver_n 5_o per_fw-mi crow_n of_o the_o money_n of_o this_o place_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 850_o how_o many_o crow_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o milan_n to_o know_v which_o i_o must_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o by_o this_o work_n it_o will_v make_v crow_n 862._o 18._o 10._o and_o to_o know_v how_o many_o liver_n they_o be_v they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 5_o liver_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o den._n then_o the_o sol_n and_o afterward_n the_o
the_o same_o be_v conclude_v genoa_n exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n i_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o genoa_n and_o with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o declare_v the_o common_a rate_n and_o price_n how_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o govern_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o it_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o great_a certainty_n yet_o so_o far_o it_o be_v conducible_a to_o this_o knowledge_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o either_o in_o the_o draught_n remittance_n or_o order_n that_o may_v happen_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o city_n the_o form_n of_o which_o account_v now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v will_v enlighten_v the_o way_n to_o what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o for_o brevity_n sake_n willing_o omit_v genoa_n account_n in_o genoa_n to_o give_v then_o introduction_n thereto_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o exchanger_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n several_a way_n as_o some_o in_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o current_a money_n and_o other_o by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o both_o these_o account_v and_o sum_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o 20_o sol_n make_v a_o liver_n and_o 12_o denier_n do_v make_v a_o sol._n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n be_v worth_a here_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n of_o genoa_n though_o it_o be_v find_v sometime_o to_o be_v worth_n more_o and_o sometime_o less_o as_o money_n be_v request_v notwithstanding_o the_o say_a crown_n be_v always_o give_v for_o 68_o sol_n money_n of_o gold_n again_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o genoa_n all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v be_v effective_o for_o placentia_n lion_n milan_n venice_n naples_n and_o rome_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o handle_n thereof_o i_o shall_v to_o avoid_v tediousness_n be_v the_o brief_a chap._n ccclxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sol._n 87¾_n current_a money_n to_o have_v there_o 1_o crow_n of_o mark_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 10269._o 19_o 3_o d._n current_a money_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o mark_v i_o shall_v have_v in_o placentia_n example_n 1._o example_n first_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_v sol._n 87¾_n by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o 4_o 4_o add_v the_o â—_o 4_o and_o they_o make_v 351_o quarter_n and_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 4_o to_o make_v they_o quarter_n of_o sol_n add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n ¼_n for_o the_o 3_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v be_v in_o all_o 821_o 597_o which_o divide_v by_o 331_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o the_o division_n will_v be_v 2340_o multiply_v the_o rest_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v be_v in_o all_o crow_n 2340._o 14._o 7._o of_o gold_n of_o mark_n which_o you_o must_v have_v in_o placentia_n as_o by_o example_n will_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o prove_v this_o account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o mark_n by_o lib._n 4._o 7._o 9_o beginning_n to_o multiply_v by_o the_o denier_n and_o then_o by_o sols_n calculate_v it_o by_o 12_o denier_n for_o one_o sol_fw-mi and_o by_o 2d_o for_o one_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v l._n 10269-18-11_a so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o account_n be_v just_a the_o difference_n be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v lose_v as_o by_o example_n exchange_n another_o example_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o genoa_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o see_v that_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o placentia_n in_o sols_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o money_n be_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n by_o decree_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v worth_a sol_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n and_o though_o that_o the_o say_a price_n of_o the_o current_a money_n rise_v and_o fall_v the_o money_n of_o gold_n never_o vari_v from_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 68_o sol._n if_o then_o i_o will_v know_v for_o liver_n 2816._o 13._o 4._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o one_o exchange_v at_o 66_o 5_o d._n money_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la crown_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v one_o have_v do_v thus_o reduce_v the_o abovesaid_a liver_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o the_o sol_n rest_v by_o 12_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_v sol_n 66._o 5_o denier_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o shall_v be_v the_o divisor_n of_o the_o sum_n of_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_v liv._o the_o which_o divide_v will_v be_v 848_o cro._n 3._o 7._o of_o mark._n proof_n proof_n to_o prove_v this_o rule_n multiply_v this_o by_o 5_o d._n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 2186._o 13._o 3._o which_o show_v the_o account_n to_o be_v just_o cast_v example_n three_o example_n in_o genoa_n i_o will_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n lib._n 3248._o 15._o of_o current_a money_n which_o be_v exchange_v at_o 67_o sol._n 10_o d._n of_o money_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n they_o will_v be_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n divide_v the_o same_o by_o 90_o sol_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 721._o 18._o 10_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o l._n 8_o s._n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o lib._n 2454._o 12._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o divide_v by_o 67._o 10_o to_o see_v what_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v worth_a and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 723._o 14._o 3._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v genoa_n have_v medit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_v l._n 3248._o 15_o of_o current_a money_n as_o the_o example_n shall_v more_o evident_o demonstrate_v geona_n to_o reduce_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o gold_n in_o geona_n if_o in_o genoa_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o a_o short_a rule_n because_o that_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n be_v 90_o s._n and_o in_o money_n of_o gold_n 68_o s._n you_o must_v take_v of_o the_o current_a money_n twice_o â…“_n place_v they_o the_o one_o under_o the_o other_o and_o out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a â…“_n take_v â…•_n and_o of_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o say_a â…•_n you_o must_v take_v â…“_n and_o add_v these_o 4_o parcel_n together_o will_v come_v money_n of_o gold_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n if_o by_o the_o same_o method_n you_o will_v reduce_v liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n into_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n you_o must_v add_v to_o the_o say_a liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n the_o ¼_n and_o of_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o take_v 1_o 17_o add_v the_o say_v two_o parcel_n together_o and_o they_o will_v make_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n wherein_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a thus_o far_o to_o enlarge_v myself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a exchange_n continual_o practise_v between_o the_o say_v two_o place_n chap._n ccclxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n genoa_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 59_o 9_o money_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 37296._o 6._o 0_o of_o current_a money_n in_o genoa_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o shall_v have_v in_o liver_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o the_o former_a rule_n divide_v by_o sol._n 90._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 8288._o 1._o 4._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 3._o 8._o 5._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o
with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n placentia_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n find_v to_o govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v up_o the_o account_n thereof_o at_o what_o rate_n soever_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v either_o in_o remittance_n or_o draught_n the_o which_o only_o now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o town_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o placentia_n account_n keep_v in_o placentia_n it_o be_v then_o first_o to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n here_o do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n of_o mark_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sels_z of_o gold_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol._n chap._n ccclxxxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o lion_n and_o first_o than_o placentia_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 85½_n to_o have_v at_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 1516._o 12._o of_o mark_n what_o will_v be_v due_a to_o i_o in_o lion_n to_o do_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crown_n 85½_n of_o mark_n give_v 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n what_o will_v the_o say_a crown_n 1516._o 12._o give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 1773._o 16._o 0._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o much_o will_v be_v due_a to_o i_o in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o mark_n as_o by_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n chap._n ccclxxxv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o genoa_n placentia_n exchange_v for_o genoa_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v posito_fw-la sols_n 67._o 10_o money_n of_o gold_n in_o genoa_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 723._o 14._o 3._o of_o mark_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o genoa_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n of_o mark_n by_o li._n 3._o 7._o 10_o per_fw-la crow_n which_o be_v the_o say_v 67_o sol_n 12_o den._n beginning_n to_o multiply_v the_o say_v li._n 3._o by_o 3_o den._n and_o afterward_o by_o sols_n 14_o which_o be_v with_o the_o crow_n calculate_v for_o 12_o den._n one_o sol._n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n one_o liver_n and_o the_o product_n will_v come_v li._n 2454._o 11._o 9_o money_n of_o gold_n which_o must_v be_v divide_v by_o 68_o sol_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o crown_n multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crow_n 721._o 18._o 9_o of_o gold_n which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o li._n 4½_n per_fw-la crow_n the_o present_a price_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o it_o will_v make_v li._n 3248._o 14._o 4._o and_o so_o much_o in_o current_a money_n i_o shall_v have_v in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n 723._o 14._o 3._o of_o mark._n as_o by_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o genoa_n exchange_v for_o placentia_n chap._n ccclxxxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o rome_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o rome_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la crown_n 99¾_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 1385._o 15._o of_o mark_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o estampe_n shall_v placentia_n have_v credit_n for_o in_o rome_n to_o do_v which_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o mark_n by_o 99¾_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o take_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o multiplication_n to_o be_v divide_v by_o 20_o sol_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o production_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sol_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 1382_o 5._o 9_o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o will_v the_o credit_n be_v in_o rome_n as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o rome_n do_v exchange_n back_o for_o placentia_n chap._n ccclxxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o florence_n placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la crown_v 110½_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 4500._o 10_o of_o mark_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o florence_n to_o know_v which_o work_v according_a to_o the_o precede_a example_n and_o rule_n of_o placentia_n with_o rome_n and_o i_o find_v it_o give_v crown_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n which_o flacentia_n must_v have_v credit_n for_o in_o florence_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v discern_v when_o florence_n do_v rechange_v for_o placentia_n chap._n ccclxxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o palermo_n palermo_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o palermo_n plecentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o palermo_n and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o palermo_n posito_fw-la duc._n 132¼_n of_o tarry_v 5_o per_fw-mi duc._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 2573._o 12._o 4._o of_o mark_n what_o credit_n shall_v placentia_n have_v in_o palermo_n to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o grain_n 132¾_n per_fw-la crow_n see_v as_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v alike_o so_o many_o grain_n per_fw-mi crow_n as_o so_o many_o ducat_n per_n 100_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v grain_n the_o which_o to_o turn_v to_o ducat_n you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v duc._n 3416._o and_o the_o grain_n 47_o which_o be_v the_o two_o last_o cut_v figure_n which_o be_v 2_o tarry_v and_o 7_o grain_n so_o that_o for_o the_o say_a crow_n 2573_o 12._o 4_o of_o mark_n placentia_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o palermo_n duc._n 3416._o 2._o 7_o d._n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v discern_v when_o that_o palermo_n be_v see_v to_o rechange_v for_o placentia_n palermo_n exchange_n with_o mesina_n the_o same_o as_o with_o palermo_n and_o note_v that_o when_o the_o say_a place_n do_v exchange_n with_o mesina_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o account_n be_v make_v as_o above_o with_o palermo_n the_o price_n and_o rate_n be_v only_o find_v to_o differ_v and_o to_o be_v either_o high_a or_o low_o chap._n ccclxxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o venice_n placentia_n do_v exchange_n for_o venice_n and_o give_v crown_n 100_o of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n duc._n 134½_n more_o or_o less_o of_o liver_n 6⅕_n per_fw-la duc._n i_o say_v in_o banco_n i_o demand_v for_o crow_n 1078._o 12_o of_o mark_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v it_o make_v in_o venice_n multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o duc._n 134½_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o multiplication_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v by_o 24_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o gross_v and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n which_o be_v to_o be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 1450_o 17_o 24_o of_o liver_n 6⅕_n per_fw-la duc._n and_o so_o much_o will_n placentia_n have_v in_o venetia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o mark._n as_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v discern_v when_o that_o venetia_n be_v find_v to_o rechange_v for_o placentia_n chap._n cccxc_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o placentia_n with_o milan_n placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n and_o be_v find_v to_o give_v one_o cro._n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la sols_n 133⅔_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 1450._o 15._o 6_o of_o mark_n how_o many_o liver_n ought_v i_o
the_o crown_n of_o mark_n there_o will_v remain_v sol._n 134â…”_n and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o or_o for_o milan_n genoa_n question_v for_o genoa_n again_o at_o milan_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_z sol_fw-mi 133½_n and_o for_o genoa_n at_o sol_n 118â…”_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n for_o genoa_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 118â…”_n of_o milan_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n of_o genoa_n give_v sol_n 80_o what_o will_v sols_n 133½_n give_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o money_n of_o milan_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n the_o which_o without_o make_v the_o reduction_n into_o money_n of_o gold_n see_v it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n be_v worth_a 68_o sol._n of_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o and_o for_o genoa_n lion_n question_v for_o lion_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o duc._n 141._o and_o for_o lion_n at_o 116½_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v for_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 141._o of_o l._n 6._o â…“_n of_o venice_n give_v in_o placentia_n crow_n 100_o how_o many_o will_n duc._n 116½_n give_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 82â…_n or_o circa_fw-la and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placcntia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n another_o another_o at_o placentia_n there_o be_v exchange_n make_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 83½_n and_o for_o florence_n at_o crow_n 113_o and_o from_o that_o place_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o they_o exchange_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95â…“_n i_o will_v know_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v beneficial_a to_o remit_v from_o placentia_n to_o lion_n and_o to_o draw_v from_o florence_n by_o inorder_v my_o factor_n at_o florence_n to_o prevail_v upon_o lion_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o crow_n 95â…“_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n 83½_n of_o mark_n be_v the_o price_n of_o crow_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n by_o crow_n 113._o of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n see_v that_o the_o say_v crown_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v crow_n 94._o 7._o 1._o to_o which_o add_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n which_o be_v pay_v the_o one_o at_o florence_n the_o other_o at_o lion_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 94._o 19_o 8._o so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o draw_v and_o to_o remit_v according_a to_o the_o abovesaid_a order_n and_o manner_n because_o that_o at_o florence_n may_v be_v take_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95_o or_o circa_fw-la and_o find_v crow_n 95½_n upon_o which_o consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v what_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n may_v do_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n which_o thus_o i_o work_v by_o example_n now_o for_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o placentia_n it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o city_n in_o chapter_n 383._o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a and_o continue_a practice_n here_o daily_o make_v for_o vast_a sum_n i_o have_v somewhat_o more_o than_o ordinary_o enlarge_v myself_o and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o place_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v florence_n chap._n cccc_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o florence_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v florence_n exchange_n practise_v in_o florence_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n the_o say_a city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o subject_a to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a price_n can_v be_v peremptory_o set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o itself_o it_o be_v so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v be_v further_v to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n upon_o this_o place_n now_o remain_v here_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v make_v a_o man_n capable_a to_o understand_v the_o same_o with_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n here_o omit_v florence_n account_n keep_v in_o florence_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v observable_a here_o that_o all_o exchanger_n here_o do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n or_o lyre_n or_o liver_n 7½_n of_o that_o money_n per_fw-mi crown_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n do_v make_v one_o crown_n and_o 12_o den._n one_o sol._n chap._n cccci_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n florence_n then_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 95¾_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crow_n 1268._o 9_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 95¾_n give_v crown_n 100_o what_o will_v crown_n 1268._o 9_o give_v and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 1324_o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v in_o all_o crown_n 1324._o 15._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v credit_n in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o florence_n the_o calculation_n thereof_o here_o follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n chap._n ccccii._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 110½_n crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v there_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v due_a to_o i_o first_o reduce_v the_o say_v crown_n 110½_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o sol_n for_o the_o half_a crown_n and_o they_o make_v sol._n 2210_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n into_o sols_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 99461_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 2210_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n what_o will_v sol._n 99461_o give_v to_o which_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o 100_o and_o then_o divide_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 4500._o 9_o 11._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o must_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n of_o florence_n as_o by_o example_n calculate_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v from_o placentia_n to_o florence_n etc._n etc._n chap._n cccciii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venice_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 81½_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v duc._n in_o banco_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…“_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 2037._o 10._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n in_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o bring_v the_o crow_n 81½_n into_o half_a crown_n multiply_v they_o by_o 2_o and_o so_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n add_v half_o a_o crown_n for_o the_o 10_o sol_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o half_a crown_n produce_v of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n give_v at_o venice_n duc._n 100_o what_o will_v the_o half_a crown_n give_v proceed_v from_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n and_o so_o by_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o
100_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2500_o which_o florence_n be_v to_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remain_v of_o the_o division_n they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v because_o that_o 24_o gross_n make_v a_o duc._n of_o lib._n 6._o 4_o sols_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v more_o evident_a when_o venice_n do_v rechange_v for_o florence_n chap._n cccciv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n florence_n be_v say_v to_o exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la crown_v 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 1600_o 2_o sol_n 5_o den._n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n for_o in_o rome_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n at_o 92¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 1476_o 2_o sol_n 2_o den._n of_o gold_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v evident_a when_o this_o parcel_n be_v rechange_v from_o rome_n to_o flounce_v chap._n ccccu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n florence_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la duc._n 119â…”_n of_o tarry_v 5_o per_fw-mi duc._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 780._o 15_o of_o gold_n what_o credit_n in_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n to_o do_v which_o first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n by_o grain_n 119â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n because_o it_o be_v so_o many_o grain_n per_fw-mi crow_n as_o it_o come_v to_o be_v duc._n for_o crow_n 100_o and_o they_o make_v grain_n 93429._o of_o which_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n say_v that_o the_o duc._n be_v worth_n 100_o grain_n and_o they_o make_v duc._n 934._o and_o for_o the_o grain_n 29_o tarry_v 1_o and_o grain_n 9_o and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n as_o by_o this_o example_n be_v show_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o naples_n be_v see_v to_o exchange_v with_o florence_n chap._n ccccvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n groff_n 112½_n posito_fw-la i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 1400._o 12._o 8._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o pound_n of_o groff_n be_o i_o to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n to_o do_v this_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a price_n of_o gross_n 112½_n and_o it_o make_v gross_v 157571._o of_o which_o take_v the_o 1½_n to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 13130_o and_o gross_a 11._o which_o to_o reduce_v to_o pound_n cut_v off_o the_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o say_a sol_n or_o shilling_n and_o take_v ½_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o make_v pound_n 656_o and_o for_o the_o ten_o that_o be_v remain_v it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v 10_o sol_n and_o if_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o have_v be_v any_o number_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o 10_o sol_n and_o it_o thus_o make_v pound_n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n london_n note_v florence_n with_o london_n note_v that_o when_o florence_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n which_o be_v seldom_o in_o use_n the_o rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o same_o in_o sterling_a money_n be_v this_o as_o above_o with_o antwerp_n in_o flemish_a pound_n chap._n ccccvii_n to_o reduce_v crown_n of_o 7_o l._n in_o florence_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7½_n if_o in_o florence_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o crown_n of_o money_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n per_fw-la crow_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n ½_n you_o must_v take_v the_o 1â…•_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o money_n and_o the_o remainder_n will_v be_v crown_n of_o gold_n and_o if_o again_o you_o will_v reduce_v crown_n of_o gold_n into_o crown_n of_o money_n you_o must_v add_v contrary_o to_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n 1¼_n and_o they_o will_v be_v so_o many_o crown_n of_o money_n as_o for_o example_n chap._n ccccviii_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o florence_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v from_o florence_n to_o naples_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o 15_o day_n sight_n to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o 20_o day_n after_o date_n to_o bologna_n at_o 3_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o and_o so_o for_o pisa_n to_o ferrara_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o perugia_n and_o sciena_n at_o 2_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o 45_o day_n after_o date_n to_o gaietta_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n 2_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o ancona_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 40_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o the_o fair_n and_o thence_o 15_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n to_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o milan_n at_o 10_o day_n fight_v and_o so_o back_o to_o aquila_n and_o sermona_n at_o 11_o day_n sight_n to_o comerino_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccix._n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n in_o tuscany_n florence_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o florence_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o florence_n example_n 1_o example_n to_o florence_n then_o come_v advice_n from_o venice_n that_o the_o exchange_n for_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n come_v at_o crow_n 80½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135½_n they_o inorder_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n that_o at_o this_o rate_n they_o make_v a_o remittance_n to_o florence_n and_o draw_v from_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o draught_n of_o florence_n for_o placentia_n come_v unto_o to_o do_v this_o multiply_v duc._n 135½_n which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n by_o crow_n 80½_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o duc._n 100_o of_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 109._o 19_o from_o which_o take_v 2_o â—_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n pay_v at_o venice_n and_o there_o will_v rest_v crow_n 108._o 12._o 10._o and_o so_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n be_v imburse_v at_o florence_n for_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n for_o a_o debt_n at_o placentia_n as_o thus_o for_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o one_o of_o venice_n be_v creditor_n in_o florence_n crow_n 3000_o of_o gold_n who_o inorder_v that_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v unto_o he_o at_o crow_n 81½_n or_o by_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110_o where_o the_o most_o advance_v and_o profit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o find_v a_o remittance_n in_o both_o place_n to_o benefit_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v where_o the_o profit_n and_o benefit_n be_v great_a and_o find_v the_o remittance_n to_o loss_n the_o remittance_n be_v make_v where_o the_o damage_n be_v least_o there_o be_v then_o bill_n find_v for_o venice_n at_o crow_n 82¼_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110â…š_n i_o demand_v by_o which_o of_o the_o two_o
shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v by_o both_o the_o say_a place_n there_o be_v find_v a_o delivery_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v which_o of_o the_o two_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 81½_n give_v crow_n 110_o the_o price_n limit_v what_o will_v crow_n 82¼_n the_o price_n find_v give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 111._o 0._o 2._o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crow_n 82¼_n to_o run_v at_o the_o par_fw-fr the_o delivery_n shall_v be_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 114._o and_o the_o bill_n be_v at_o crow_n 110â…™_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n example_n 3._o example_n again_o one_o of_o rome_n be_v debtor_n in_o florence_n in_o crow_n 2500_o who_o inorder_v that_o the_o draught_n be_v make_v at_o crow_n 91_o or_o by_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110½_n where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 92â—_n l._n for_o placentia_n at_o 109â…™_n crow_n i_o demand_v whither_o shall_v this_o draught_n be_v make_v see_v that_o to_o both_o the_o place_n the_o draught_n happen_v to_o be_v to_o loss_n in_o both_o the_o limit_a price_n and_o to_o know_v which_o be_v the_o least_o of_o both_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 92â…•_n the_o price_n find_v for_o rome_n see_v that_o placentia_n receive_v the_o uncertain_a rate_n from_o florence_n give_v crow_n 110½_n what_o will_v crow_n 91_o the_o price_n inorder_v give_v it_o will_v make_v crow_n 109._o 1._o 2._o so_o that_o the_o draught_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o placentia_n see_v that_o draw_v for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 92â—_n to_o run_v upon_o a_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v take_v for_o placentia_n at_o the_o say_a price_n at_o crow_n 109½_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o there_o be_v find_v at_o more_o that_o be_v at_o crow_n 109â…™_n as_o by_o example_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n of_o florence_n chap._n ccccx_n example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o milan_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v milan_n exchange_n practise_v at_o milan_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_n rate_v thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v so_o to_o alter_v and_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o frame_v these_o account_n now_o remain_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o some_o few_o other_o the_o principal_a needful_a hereunto_o milan_n account_n keep_v in_o milan_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o exchanger_n do_v there_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o lyre_n sols_n and_o denier_n and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n do_v make_v a_o lyre_n and_o 12_o denier_n a_o sol._n chap._n ccccxi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n milan_n then_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 118â…“_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 9258._o sol._n 5_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v into_o sols_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o milan_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 185165_o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o to_o make_v they_o three_o of_o sols_n likewise_o bring_v the_o sol_n 118â…“_n into_o three_o multiply_v they_o by_o 3_o and_o they_o make_v 355_o for_o division_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n and_o by_o division_n it_o will_v come_v to_o be_v crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 1564._o 15._o 5._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o much_o will_v be_v have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o li._n 9258._o 5_o of_o milan_n money_n as_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n exchange_v with_o milan_n as_o before_o chap._n ccccxii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o placentia_n milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 133â…“_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n one_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o liver_n 9671._o 16._o 8._o of_o milan_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n must_v i_o have_v in_o placentia_n first_o reduce_v into_o denier_n the_o say_a 133â…“_n sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 4_o denier_n for_o the_o â…“_n of_o a_o sol._n and_o they_o make_v denier_n 1600_o and_o then_o to_o reduce_v into_o denier_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o lyre_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n sol._n 16._o and_o denier_n 8_o which_o account_n with_o the_o liver_n and_o they_o make_v denier_n 2321240_o the_o which_o must_v be_v divide_v by_o denier_n 1600_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o by_o division_n they_o will_v come_v to_o be_v crown_n multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crow_n 1450._o 15._o 6._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o will_v the_o say_a sum_n be_v in_o placentia_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxiii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o venice_n milan_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o liver_n of_o 5._o 17_o s._n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la 148_o l._n ½_n sols_n money_n of_o piccoli_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 7260._o 10._o 0._o of_o milan_n how_o many_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n by_o liver_n 5._o 17._o reduce_v they_o and_o the_o other_o price_n into_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 1241._o 0._o 9_o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 7._o 8._o 6._o the_o crown_n which_o be_v the_o abovesaid_a 148._o 6_o beginning_z to_o multiply_v the_o l._n 7._o by_o the_o den._n 9_o 4._o then_o by_o the_o sol_n if_o there_o be_v any_o with_o the_o say_a crown_n calculate_v for_o denier_n 12_o one_o sol_fw-la and_o for_o sols_n 20_o one_o lyre_n and_o they_o will_v be_v l._n 9214._o 14._o money_n of_o piccoli_n of_o venice_n which_o to_o be_v reduce_v into_o ducat_n must_v be_v divide_v by_o l._n 6â…•_n the_o value_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 1486_o â—_o 24_o of_o l._n 6â—_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n for_o the_o sum_n above_o mention_v in_o liver_n of_o milan_n as_o by_o example_n be_v more_o apparent_a proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o venice_n do_v exchange_n for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxiv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o rome_n milan_n exchange_v with_o rome_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 115½_n of_o l._n 5._o 17._o per_fw-la crow_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 7820._o 18_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o rome_n you_o must_v first_o see_v for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o milan_n liver_n how_o many_o crown_n they_o will_v be_v divide_v they_o by_o l._n 5._o 17_o per_fw-la crown_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 1336._o 18._o 1_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 115½_n of_o milan_n give_v in_o rome_n crown_v 100_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n will_v the_o say_a crow_n 1336._o 18._o 1._o give_v and_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o crown_n 1157._o 9_o 9_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n which_o will_v be_v give_v in_o rome_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o milan_n liver_n as_o abovesaid_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n chap._n ccccxu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o naples_n milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o naples_n
and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o l._n 5_o per_fw-la crow_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la 98½_n ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 4314_o 14_o 2_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o naples_n first_o take_v â…•_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o crow_n of_o 5_o l._n and_o they_o make_v crow_n 862._o 18._o 10._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o grain_n 98½_n per_fw-la crow_n see_v it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o at_o ducat_n 98½_n per_fw-la 100_o crow_n and_o it_o make_v grain_n 84999_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n there_o will_v remain_v ducat_n 849_o and_o for_o the_o two_o figure_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v grain_n 99_o will_v be_v liver_n 4_o grain_n 19_o in_o all_o ducat_n 849._o 4._o 19_o which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o naples_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o milan_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n shall_v exchange_v with_o milan_n chap._n ccccxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n for_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o genoa_n milan_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 118½_n to_o have_v in_o genoa_n one_o crown_n for_o 4_o l._n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 5703._o 18._o 0_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o genoa_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n into_o sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n the_o 18_o sol_n which_o account_n with_o the_o liver_n and_o then_o of_o the_o sol_n produce_v and_o of_o the_o say_a sol_n 118½_n take_v for_o division_n bring_v into_o ½_n sols_n and_o divide_v the_o same_o will_v become_v crown_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 962._o 13._o 8._o of_o l._n 4._o money_n of_o genoa_n the_o which_o to_o bring_v into_o liver_n must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 4._o per_fw-la crow_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o say_v l._n 4._o by_o denier_n 8_o and_o by_o the_o sol_n 13_o which_o be_v with_o the_o crown_n calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n one_o liver_n it_o will_v come_v to_o l._n 3850._o 14._o 8._o and_o so_o many_o liver_n of_o money_n current_n shall_v you_o have_v in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a liver_n 5703._o 18._o of_o milan_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o genoa_n do_v exchange_n for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxvii_n of_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n milan_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n find_v to_o be_v in_o milan_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v from_o thence_o to_o genoa_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o a_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n and_o now_o to_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o use_n in_o the_o say_a place_n chap._n ccccxviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n milan_n order_n and_o commissionâ—_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o milan_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v here_o by_o order_n and_o commission_n from_o other_o place_n example_n 1_o example_n from_o naples_n then_o come_v order_n to_o milan_n to_o remit_v for_o placentia_n at_o 133_o sol._n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o genoa_n at_o sol._n 118½_n the_o parcel_n be_v for_o 3000_o crown_n of_o mark._n now_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o placentia_n at_o sols_n 131._o consider_v then_o the_o benefit_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o may_v the_o draught_n be_v for_o genoa_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sol._n 133_o give_v 118½_n the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v 131_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n and_o it_o will_v be_v sol._n 116â…”_n and_o at_o this_o price_n the_o draught_n must_v be_v make_v for_o genoa_n in_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 131_o and_o the_o commission_n will_v remain_v effect_v according_a to_o the_o order_n give_v example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o lion_n be_v order_v give_v to_o milan_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v for_o lion_n at_o sol._n 118_o and_o reâ—it_v to_o venice_n at_o sol._n 145_o the_o parcel_n be_v for_o duc._n 5500_o of_o l._n 6â…“_n per_fw-la duc._n there_o be_v money_n for_o lion_n at_o sol._n 119_o and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o sol._n 144â…“_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o order_n may_v be_v perform_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o take_v one_o of_o the_o price_n which_o be_v find_v for_o divisor_n by_o reason_n that_o milan_n give_v according_a to_o my_o former_a method_n the_o certain_a price_n to_o venice_n and_o the_o uncertain_a to_o lion_n and_o say_v if_o 144â…“_n the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n give_v sol._n 118_o what_o will_v 145_o the_o price_n inorder_v give_v and_o it_o will_v make_v 118½_n so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n at_o the_o price_n find_v may_v be_v effect_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 144â…“_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o lion_n at_o 118½_n and_o there_o be_v money_n find_v at_o sol._n 119._o as_o by_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o rome_n come_v order_n to_o milan_n to_o draw_v on_o they_o at_o crow_n 115_o and_o remit_v to_o plaâ—…ntia_n at_o 132_o sol_n the_o party_n be_v for_o crow_n 4000_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 133½_n and_o mo_z for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 11._o 6â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o rate_v the_o commission_n may_v be_v perform_v without_o loss_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sol._n 132_o give_v cro._n 11._o 5._o though_o price_n limit_v what_o will_v 133½_n give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 116._o 6._o 1._o so_o that_o the_o commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o sol._n 133½_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 116_o 3_o 18_o and_o there_o be_v find_v at_o more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o crow_n 116â…–_n as_o per_fw-la example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n next_o be_v palermo_n and_o mesina_n chap._n ccccxix_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v mesina_n exchange_n practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n these_o city_n in_o sicilia_n be_v observe_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n both_o in_o his_o draught_n and_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o cast_v the_o sum_n up_o be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o here_o with_o some_o few_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n to_o those_o other_o omit_v sicilia_n account_n keep_v in_o sicilia_n first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n and_o general_o bring_v the_o island_n of_o sicilia_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 30_o and_o 20_o because_o that_o 30_o tarry_v do_v make_v a_o ounce_n and_o 20_o grain_n make_v a_o tarry_a and_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 13_o which_o be_v carlins_n 26_o the_o crown_n of_o money_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 12_o which_o be_v carlins_n 24._o the_o florin_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 6_o which_o be_v
3_o of_o mark_n which_o be_v due_a to_o be_v have_v in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o barselona_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n for_o barselona_n chap._n ccccxxix_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o saragosa_n saragosa_n exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o saragosa_n barsclona_n exchange_v with_o saragosa_n and_o give_v 10_o ducat_n of_o 24_o sol._n per_fw-la ducat_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n posito_fw-la 104_o ducat_n of_o sols_n 22_o per_fw-la ducat_n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o liver_n 6000_o of_o barselona_n how_o many_o liver_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o saragosa_n first_o reduce_v into_o sols_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o divide_v the_o sol_n come_v thereof_o by_o sol._n 24._o the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o it_o will_v be_v ducat_n 5000_o the_o which_o duc._n 5000_o of_o barselona_n must_v be_v multiply_v at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o duc._n 104_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o from_o the_o sum_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o sigure_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n will_v be_v duc._n 5200_o of_o sâ—ragosa_n which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 1._o 2_o sol._n the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o they_o make_v liver_n 5720_o which_o shall_v be_v render_v in_o saragosa_n for_o the_o say_v 6000_o l._n money_n of_o barselona_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_a when_o that_o saragosa_n do_v again_o rechange_v back_o for_o barselona_n chap._n ccccxxx_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o valentia_n valentia_n exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o valentia_n barselona_n do_v exchange_n with_o valentia_n and_o give_v duc._n 100_o of_o 24_o sol_n to_o have_v in_o valentia_n posito_fw-la duc._n 108_o of_o sol_n 21_o per_fw-la duc._n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 7000_o money_n of_o barselona_n how_o many_o l._n shall_v i_o have_v in_o valentia_n in_o this_o you_o must_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precede_a account_n of_o barselona_n for_o saragosa_n multiply_v the_o ducat_n of_o valentia_n which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o by_o liver_n 1_o 1_o the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o it_o will_v be_v liver_n 16615_o and_o so_o much_o will_v be_v due_a in_o valentia_n for_o 7000_o l._n deliver_v in_o barselona_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o valentia_n do_v rechange_v for_o barselona_n chap._n ccccxxxi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o sevil._n sevil._n exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o sevil._n barselona_n do_v exchange_n with_o sevil_n and_o give_v duc._n 100_o of_o 24_o sol._n per_fw-la duc._n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n duc._n 108_o posito_fw-la more_fw-it or_o less_o of_o marvedes_o 375_o per_fw-la ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 7500_o how_o many_o marvede_n must_v i_o have_v in_o sevil_n you_o must_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o barselona_n for_o valentia_n multiply_v the_o ducat_n of_o sevil_n which_o come_v thereof_o by_o marvedes_o 375_o the_o price_n of_o the_o duc._n and_o it_o will_v make_v marvedes_o 2531250_o which_o be_v due_a to_o have_v in_o sevil_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 7500_o l._n in_o barselona_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o sevil_n do_v rechange_v for_o barselona_n chap._n ccccxxxii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o lisbon_n lisbon_n exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o lisbon_n barselona_n do_v exchange_n for_o lisbon_n and_o give_v duc._n 100_o of_o 24_o sols_n per_fw-la duc._n to_o have_v in_o lisbon_n ducat_n posito_fw-la 113_o of_o 400_o raes_n per_fw-la duc._n i_o demand_v for_o 4000_o l._n of_o barselona_n how_o many_o rac_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lisbon_n here_o you_o must_v do_v as_o in_o the_o account_n precedent_n of_o barselona_n for_o sevil_n multiply_v the_o ducat_n of_o lisbon_n which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o by_o 400_o raes_n per_fw-la duc._n and_o they_o make_v raes_n 1506666_o which_o be_v due_a to_o be_v have_v in_o lisbon_n for_o l._n 4000_o in_o barselona_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o lisbon_n do_v rechange_v back_o for_o barselona_n chap._n ccccxxxiii_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o barselona_n barselona_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o barselona_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v in_o this_o city_n by_o order_n and_o commission_n from_o other_o place_n example_n 1_o example_n to_o sevil_n then_o come_v order_n from_o barselona_n to_o draw_v upon_o they_o at_o duc._n 93½_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o marvedes_n 413_o clear_a of_o all_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v for_o crow_n 3000_o of_o mark._n now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o barselona_n at_o duc_fw-fr 93_o and_o bill_n for_o placentia_n at_o marvedes_n 413_o i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o rate_v the_o commission_n may_v be_v accomplish_v and_o perform_v you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o take_v one_o of_o the_o price_n which_o be_v find_v for_o divisor_n because_o that_o sevil_n give_v to_o barselona_n the_o certain_a and_o to_o placentia_n the_o incertain_a price_n say_v if_o duc_fw-fr 93_o the_o price_n find_v for_o barselona_n give_v marvedes_o 413_o what_o will_v duc_fw-fr 93½_n give_v the_o price_n inorder_v and_o it_o make_v vedes_o 415â…•_n out_o of_o which_o deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n which_o be_v take_v there_o will_v remain_v marvedes_o 413_o 11_o 20_o incirca_fw-la so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o profit_n see_v that_o draw_v to_o barselona_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o duc._n 93_o it_o may_v be_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n at_o mar._n 413_o 20_o 21_o and_o there_o present_a bill_n at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o 413_o marvede_n as_o by_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o in_o barselona_n come_v order_n from_o valentia_n that_o remittance_n may_v be_v make_v to_o they_o at_o duc_n 108¼_n and_o to_o prevail_v from_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 23_o the_o partido_n make_v for_o 3000_o crow_n mark_v now_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o valentia_n at_o duc._n 107_o i_o demand_v then_o for_o the_o loss_n that_o be_v give_v by_o the_o remittance_n at_o what_o price_n may_v the_o draught_n be_v make_v for_o placentia_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o take_v one_o of_o the_o price_n find_v for_o divisor_n because_o than_o barselona_n give_v the_o certain_a to_o valenria_n and_o the_o uncertain_a price_n to_o placentia_n say_v if_o duc._n 107_o the_o price_n find_v for_o valentia_n give_v sol._n 23._o what_o will_v duc._n 108¼_n give_v be_v the_o price_n inorder_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o sols_n 23¼_n and_o at_o less_o price_n can_v be_v draw_v for_o placentia_n remit_v to_o valentia_n at_o duc._n 107._o example_n chap._n ccccxxxiv_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o barselona_n etc._n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o barselona_n etc._n etc._n the_o term_n of_o payment_n find_v accustom_a in_o barselona_n be_v note_v to_o be_v thence_o to_o venice_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 18_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 50_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 20_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lisbon_n at_o to_o sevil_n at_o to_o saragosa_n at_o to_o valentia_n at_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair_a to_o placentia_n and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n in_o general_n practise_v in_o barselona_n valentia_n saragosa_n sevil_n and_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n chap._n ccccxxxv_n example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v antwerp_n exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_v and_o there_o also_o observe_v the_o common_a current_n rate_v thereof_o which_o in_o itself_o be_v find_v every_o day_n so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v set_v down_o therein_o however_o the_o same_o be_v so_o beneficial_a to_o the_o unexperienced_a that_o he_o may_v easy_o make_v his_o calculation_n thereby_o either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o his_o remittance_n there_o rest_v now_o to_o be_v
price_n of_o 90_o gross_n per_fw-la ducat_n and_o of_o the_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o sigure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v gross_a 121½_n and_o so_o many_o gross_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o provision_n which_o be_v payable_a in_o venice_n be_v disbursable_a in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n find_v for_o antwerp_n at_o grow_v 90⅓_n and_o for_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a there_o be_v hereupon_o order_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v for_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o london_n the_o question_n be_v at_o what_o price_n will_v the_o remittance_n be_v from_o antwerp_n to_o london_n to_o do_v this_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a give_v gros_fw-fr 90⅓_n see_v that_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o value_n of_o a_o ducat_n of_o venice_n what_o will_v 240_o penny_n sterling_a give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o london_n it_o will_v be_v gros_fw-fr 387_o which_o reduce_v to_o shilling_n in_o take_v the_o 1_o 12_o and_o it_o will_v be_v 32¼_n shilling_n and_o so_o many_o shilling_n flemish_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o the_o provision_n payable_a in_o venice_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o pound_n sterling_a money_n credit_n in_o london_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o london_n be_v creditor_n in_o antwerp_n 2000_o l._n flemish_n who_o inorder_v that_o it_o be_v remit_v he_o at_o shilling_n 33¼_n or_o to_o placentia_n at_o 121_o grow_v where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v be_v find_v that_o be_v to_o that_o place_n which_o shall_v be_v most_o beneficial_a or_o to_o least_o loss_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v now_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o london_n at_o shilling_n 33½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121¼_n i_o demand_v to_o which_o of_o the_o say_a place_n shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o there_o be_v find_v remittance_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v where_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o shil_n 33¼_n give_v gros_fw-fr 121_o the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v shil_v 33½_n give_v be_v the_o price_n find_v for_o london_n it_o will_v come_v to_o gros_fw-fr 121_o 9_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o shil_fw-la 33½_n to_o go_v to_o the_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121_o 9_o 10_o and_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o loss_n that_o be_v at_o 121¼_n gross_a and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxliii_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v london_n exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o london_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v right_o to_o set_v down_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n thereof_o and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o his_o draught_n as_o in_o his_o remittance_n now_o only_o there_o rest_v to_o conclude_v this_o tract_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n to_o handle_v the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o and_o how_o by_o arithmetic_n it_o be_v perform_v which_o i_o will_v observe_v here_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n and_o instruction_n to_o those_o here_o omit_v london_n account_n keep_v in_o london_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o ensue_v that_o all_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o london_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n common_o call_v sterling_a and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o for_o 20_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n make_v a_o shilling_n and_o morcover_v that_o london_n exchange_v in_o the_o denominator_fw-la of_o penny_n sterling_a with_o all_o other_o country_n antwerp_n and_o those_o country_n neighbour_a of_o flanders_n and_o holland_n except_v with_o which_o it_o exchange_v by_o the_o entire_a pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a chap._n ccccxliv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n london_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 61_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o 3_o l._n piece_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 348_o l._n 15_o shilling_n sterling_a how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v thereto_o 15_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o penny_n add_v thereto_o the_o penny_n if_o any_o be_v and_o then_o divide_v the_o same_o by_o 61_o penny_n and_o the_o dividend_n will_v make_v crown_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o then_o they_o make_v in_o all_o crow_n 1372008_o penny_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 348_o l._n 15_o sterling_a deliver_v in_o london_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o lion_n shall_v exchange_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o 1372⅛_n crown_n for_o london_n france_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o paris_n roven_n &c_n &c_n in_o france_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o rule_n be_v the_o same_o when_o london_n shall_v exchange_v with_o either_o paris_n or_o roven_n or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n chap._n ccccxlv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 70_o penny_n stir_v more_fw-it or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o florence_n a_o crow_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o pound_n 656_o 10_o 6_o d._n star_z how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n this_o be_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o for_o the_o say_v 656_o 10_o 6_o sterling_a i_o be_o to_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n the_o sum_n of_o crow_n 2250⅛_n as_o per_fw-la example_n proof_n proof_n note_v that_o this_o exchange_n be_v seldom_o practise_v from_o london_n and_o therefore_o not_o in_o use_n in_o these_o day_n but_o when_o many_o florentine_a merchant_n reside_v in_o london_n it_o be_v much_o in_o use_n yet_o the_o rule_n be_v right_a and_o the_o proof_n thereof_o be_v evident_a when_o florence_n rechange_v again_o for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n london_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n for_o great_a sum_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 50_o d._n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o ducat_n in_o banco_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o venice_n this_o be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n reduce_v the_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n by_o the_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o add_v 17_o and_o then_o multiply_v that_o again_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o penny_n and_o add_v thereto_o 6_o d._n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2668⅕_n which_o shall_v be_v render_v in_o venice_n for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a in_o london_n as_o per_fw-la example_n venice_n proof_n difference_n between_o money_n in_o banco_n and_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n note_v that_o for_o distinction_n of_o the_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n which_o be_v 21_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o present_v worse_o than_o the_o money_n payable_a by_o exchange_n it_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n in_o which_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v payable_a and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 2668⅕_n ducat_n be_v rechange_v for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o
london_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o antwerp_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o pound_n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la shilling_n 35._o 6_o penny_n or_o gross_a money_n of_o antwerp_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 445_o l._n 15_o and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a how_o many_o pound_n flemish_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o antwerp_n first_o multiply_v the_o pound_n sterling_a by_o 20_o and_o bring_v they_o into_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o penny_n sterling_a do_v also_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a bring_v they_o first_o into_o shilling_n flemish_a by_o a_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o then_o to_o penny_n or_o gross_a by_o multiplication_n of_o 12_o d._n account_v the_o 35_o s._n 6_o d._n for_o l._n flem._n 1._o 15._o 6_o d._n and_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o one_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 35._o 6_o d_o flemish_n the_o price_n propose_v what_o will_v 445_o l._n 15._o 6_o sterling_a give_v which_o will_v make_v l._n 791._o 5._o 0_o d._n flemish_n for_o which_o you_o must_v have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v more_o apparent_a when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n câ—olondâ—…_n london_n exchange_n with_o amsterâ—…_n câ—olondâ—…_n and_o note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v the_o same_o when_o that_o london_n do_v exchange_n for_o colonia_n amsterdâ—m_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n chap._n ccccxlviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n london_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o for_o conclusion_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o commission_n and_o order_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 1._o example_n 1._o to_o london_n then_o come_v order_n from_o venice_n to_o remit_v to_o they_o at_o 60_o penny_n and_o to_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 82_o per_n sterling_a the_o partido_n be_v for_o crow_n 40000_o of_o mark_n i_o find_v then_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 61_o penny_n i_o will_v know_v consider_v the_o loss_n that_o present_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o shall_v i_o draw_v my_o draught_n for_o placentia_n you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 60_o give_v penny_n 82_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o will_v penny_n 61_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v penny_n 83â…“_n sterling_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o at_o less_o must_v not_o the_o draught_n be_v for_o placentia_n 2._o example_n 2._o again_o posito_fw-la florence_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n at_o penny_n 83_o sterling_a and_o say_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 108_o and_o that_o there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o florence_n that_o at_o these_o rate_v they_o draw_v for_o london_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v from_o london_n to_o placentia_n to_o do_v this_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n of_o florence_n which_o proper_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o crown_n 100_o of_o mark_n by_o penny_n sterling_a 83_o as_o be_v abovementioned_a and_o out_o of_o the_o penny_n that_o be_v thence_o produce_v i_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v penny_n sterling_a 89â…”_n incirca_fw-la and_o so_o many_o penny_n together_o with_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v common_o pay_v in_o florence_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o london_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 3_o example_n again_o to_o antwerp_n come_v order_n from_o london_n to_o draw_v thither_o and_o to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o remittance_n from_o london_n for_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 55_o penny_n sterling_a clear_a of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v 1000_o pound_n sterling_a now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o london_n at_o s._n 33â…“_n and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o grow_v 90â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v essect_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_v s._n 33½_n into_o gros_fw-fr and_o they_o make_v 400_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 240_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 400_o grow_v what_o will_v 55_o penny_n sterlâ—…g_v give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o venice_n it_o will_v make_v gross_a 91â…”_n from_o whence_o mull_v be_v deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n take_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v grow_v 91_o 3_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o profit_n because_o that_o draw_v for_o london_n at_o s._n 33_o â—_o â—_o may_v be_v deliver_v for_o venice_n at_o gross_a 91_o 3_o 10_o and_o there_o present_a bill_n at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o gross_a â…–_n 90_o example_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v needful_a at_o this_o time_n to_o insert_v concern_v the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n now_o there_o only_o rest_v term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n chap._n ccccxlix_fw-la of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n london_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n the_o term_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v with_o other_o city_n thus_o to_o venice_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o antwerp_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o placentia_n the_o same_o as_o lion_n to_o roven_n and_o paris_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccl_n of_o the_o abreviation_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n after_o the_o italian_a and_o foreign_a manner_n and_o method_n manner_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n abreviate_v after_o the_o italian_a manner_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o particular_a tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v the_o arithmetical_a method_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o rule_v practise_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o these_o exchange_n by_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o italy_n it_o will_v be_v here_o needful_a for_o the_o better_a enlighten_v of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o easy_a cast_v up_o and_o calculation_n thereof_o that_o i_o show_v how_o the_o italian_a broker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v abreviate_v their_o labour_n and_o shorten_v their_o task_n therein_o and_o the_o rather_o i_o have_v presume_v to_o add_v the_o same_o here_o and_o in_o this_o place_n partly_o in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o publish_v by_o any_o of_o our_o english_a arithmetician_n but_o princinal_o to_o show_v the_o learner_n the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v there_o wrought_v and_o arithmetical_o calculate_v it_o be_v general_o confess_v by_o all_o arithmetician_n that_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o arithmetic_n depend_v upon_o five_o principal_a rule_n now_o common_o in_o all_o country_n receive_v and_o teach_v that_o be_v by_o numeration_n addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n and_o that_o no_o one_o propose_v question_n in_o arithmetic_n can_v be_v perfect_v without_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o these_o for_o the_o three_o former_a i_o find_v not_o any_o disagreement_n in_o the_o common_a receive_v manner_n by_o they_o and_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n thereof_o but_o of_o the_o two_o latter_a whereby_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o rule_n and_o question_n of_o all_o exchange_n be_v perfect_v and_o perform_v i_o will_v here_o insist_v upon_o induce_v principal_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o enlighten_v thereby_o the_o precedent_a example_n that_o i_o have_v handle_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n beforementioned_a i_o will_v then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a master_n in_o this_o science_n begin_v with_o that_o part_n of_o arithmetic_n which_o we_o call_v division_n and_o by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o work_n thereof_o explain_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o either_o shall_v be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v it_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v desire_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a table_n account_n division_n abreviate_v in_o calculation_n of_o account_n a_o certain_a merchant_n then_o buy_v 46_o clothes_n which_o cost_v he_o 673_o l._n
rate_n of_o so_o many_o shilling_n and_o so_o many_o penny_n flemish_a money_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n be_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a to_o pay_v so_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n hamburgh_n money_n per_fw-la pound_n sterling_a which_o differ_v something_o from_o the_o flemish_a money_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n for_o paris_n and_o roven_n be_v value_v on_o the_o french_a crown_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o french_a crown_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o venice_n be_v make_v on_o the_o ducat_n so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o ducat_n and_o the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o legorn_n be_v make_v on_o the_o dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o dollar_n and_o these_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a place_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n at_o london_n at_o present_a the_o pair_n of_o several_a country_n the_o pair_n at_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleburgh_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n with_o our_o pound_n sterling_a be_v 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n to_o a_o pound_n sterling_a which_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n do_v make_v 10_o gilder_n at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a the_o gilder_n or_o 10_o livre_n tournois_n pair_n at_o france_n the_o pair_n at_o paris_n roven_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 71_o sou_n the_o crown_n or_o 6_o s._n sterling_a the_o french_a crown_n of_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n which_o 3_o livre_n make_v 6_o s._n sterling_a every_o livre_fw-fr at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a and_o every_o 10_o sou_n french_a reckon_v at_o 12_o d._n sterling_a pair_n at_o legorn_n the_o pair_n at_o legorn_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 4_o s._n 6_o d._n or_o 54_o d._n per_fw-la dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o pair_n at_o venice_n the_o pair_n at_o venice_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 6_o livre_n and_o 4_o sou_n of_o venice_n per_fw-la ducat_n or_o 4_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 51_o d._n sterling_a per_fw-la ducat_n pair_n between_o antwerp_n and_o paris_n or_o any_o part_n of_o france_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o 60_o sou_n or_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v usual_o make_v for_o france_n be_v worth_a 89_o 31_o 67_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n tournois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n so_o that_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a be_v the_o pair_n in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n you_o may_v present_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v loss_n or_o gain_n by_o any_o parcel_n do_v by_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v between_o any_o other_o two_o place_n have_v first_o find_v out_o the_o pair_n or_o equalize_v the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o country_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o know_v at_o what_o price_n the_o exchange_n than_o go_v the_o loss_n or_o gain_n will_v soon_o appear_v but_o this_o pair_n be_v ground_v principal_o upon_o the_o currant_n value_v of_o coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhancement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o be_v subject_a to_o change_v as_o experience_n do_v show_v hamburgh_n pair_n twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o hamburgh_n at_o pair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v four_o rixdollar_n which_o make_v flemish_a 33_o s._n 4_o d._n receive_v your_o money_n before_o you_o part_n with_o your_o bill_n by_o assignment_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n elsewhere_o when_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o his_o servant_n come_v for_o the_o money_n to_o the_o party_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o demand_v payment_n thereof_o and_o he_o write_v he_o a_o note_n to_o go_v to_o a_o goldsmith_n or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o man_n and_o there_o order_v the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o that_o he_o give_v he_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n due_a upon_o another_o man_n and_o set_v his_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o leave_v some_o space_n above_o his_o name_n to_o make_v a_o receipt_n for_o the_o money_n as_o be_v usual_a i_o will_v advise_v the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n to_o keep_v his_o bill_n i_o mean_v the_o first_o mention_v bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o his_o custody_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o money_n by_o assignment_n as_o above_o and_o then_o he_o may_v either_o leave_v his_o bill_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n or_o else_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o bill_n back_o to_o the_o party_n that_o give_v he_o the_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v order_v he_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o advise_v to_o part_v with_o the_o first-mentioned_n bill_n and_o to_o give_v it_o up_o to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o be_v actual_o possess_v of_o his_o money_n i_o know_v the_o contrary_n be_v sometime_o practise_v namely_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o such_o a_o note_n etc._n etc._n to_o give_v up_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o then_o here_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o at_o the_o time_n upon_o such_o note_n etc._n etc._n i_o be_o hinder_v from_o protest_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v deliver_v up_o as_o satisfy_v and_o so_o whereas_o i_o before_o have_v both_o the_o drawer_n and_o accep_n or_o bind_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o endorser_n also_o i_o have_v now_o only_o the_o acceptor_n upon_o his_o single-soled_a note_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o acceptor_n or_o party_n on_o who_o my_o bill_n be_v draw_v in_o this_o case_n of_o assignment_n will_v not_o trust_v i_o with_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o to_o go_v to_o receive_v my_o money_n i_o have_v less_o reason_n to_o trust_v he_o with_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o i_o have_v my_o money_n for_o shall_v i_o receive_v my_o money_n upon_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o not_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o i_o be_o a_o solvable_a man_n and_o of_o know_a residence_n his_o bill_n will_v do_v i_o little_a good_a for_o the_o payment_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o note_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o i_o deliver_v up_o my_o bill_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o have_v not_o my_o money_n i_o must_v rest_v only_o upon_o he_o for_o my_o money_n and_o dance_v after_o his_o pipe_n which_o i_o hold_v not_o convenient_a only_o i_o concieve_v it_o good_a for_o the_o party_n that_o make_v such_o a_o note_n to_o mention_v in_o it_o the_o party_n name_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o take_v up_o that_o note_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n but_o suppose_v i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o not_o mention_v in_o it_o to_o take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v this_o note_n receive_v the_o money_n assign_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o he_o have_v on_o i_o to_o another_o man_n and_o play_v the_o knave_n and_o absent_v himself_o can_v this_o other_o man_n sue_v i_o for_o the_o money_n on_o my_o accept_a bill_n i_o answer_v he_o can_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o know_v the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n and_o mention_v in_o my_o note_n that_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n the_o goldsmith_n etc._n etc._n do_v take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o that_o note_n but_o now_o if_o he_o give_v i_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v my_o money_n by_o and_o i_o go_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o he_o do_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o it_o be_v the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a i_o ought_v
those_o army_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o stranger_n and_o lie_v so_o far_o remote_a that_o they_o can_v feed_v cloth_n or_o otherwise_o provide_v for_o they_o out_o of_o their_o own_o native_a mean_n and_o provision_n but_o must_v receive_v this_o relief_n from_o other_o nation_n treasure_n the_o effect_n of_o different_a war_n concern_v treasure_n which_o kind_n of_o war_n be_v far_o different_a to_o that_o which_o a_o prince_n make_v upon_o his_o own_o confine_n or_o in_o his_o navy_n by_o sea_n where_o the_o soldier_n receive_v money_n for_o his_o wage_n must_v every_o day_n deliver_v it_o out_o again_o for_o his_o necessity_n whereby_o the_o treasure_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o kingdom_n although_o it_o be_v exhaust_v from_o the_o king_n but_o we_o see_v that_o the_o spaniard_n trust_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o treasure_n undertake_v war_n in_o germany_n and_o in_o other_o remote_a place_n which_o will_v soon_o beggar_v the_o rich_a kingdom_n in_o christendom_n of_o all_o their_o money_n the_o want_n whereof_o will_v present_o disorder_v and_o bring_v the_o army_n to_o confusion_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o sometime_o with_o spain_n itself_o who_o have_v the_o fountain_n of_o money_n when_o either_o it_o be_v stop_v in_o the_o passage_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o enemy_n or_o draw_v out_o fast_o than_o it_o flow_v by_o their_o own_o occasion_n whereby_o also_o we_o often_o see_v that_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v often_o so_o scant_o in_o spain_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o use_v base_a copper_n money_n to_o the_o great_a confusion_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o not_o without_o the_o undo_n also_o of_o many_o of_o their_o own_o people_n but_o now_o that_o we_o have_v see_v the_o occasion_n by_o which_o the_o spanish_a treasure_n be_v disperse_v into_o so_o many_o place_n of_o the_o world_n let_v we_o likewise_o discover_v how_o and_o in_o what_o proportion_n each_o country_n do_v enjoy_v these_o money_n for_o we_o find_v that_o turkey_n and_o divers_a other_o nation_n have_v great_a plenty_n thereof_o although_o they_o drive_v no_o trade_n with_o spain_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o former_a reason_n where_o we_o say_v that_o this_o treasure_n be_v obtain_v by_o a_o necessity_n of_o commerce_n but_o to_o clear_v this_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o all_o nation_n who_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o their_o own_o be_v enrich_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o mean_n which_o be_v already_o show_v to_o be_v the_o balance_n of_o their_o foreign_a trade_n and_o this_o be_v not_o strict_o tie_v to_o be_v do_v in_o those_o country_n where_o the_o fountain_n of_o treasure_n be_v but_o rather_o with_o such_o order_n and_o observation_n as_o be_v prescribe_v for_o suppose_v england_n by_o trade_n with_o spain_n may_v gain_v and_o bring_v home_n five_o hundred_o thousand_o rial_n of_o eight_o yearly_a if_o we_o lose_v as_o much_o by_o our_o trade_n in_o turkey_n and_o therefore_o carry_v the_o money_n thither_o it_o be_v not_o then_o the_o english_a but_o the_o turk_n which_o have_v get_v this_o treasure_n although_o they_o have_v no_o trade_n with_o spain_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v again_o if_o england_n have_v thus_o lose_v with_o turkey_n do_v notwithstanding_o gain_v twice_o as_o much_o by_o france_n italy_n and_o other_o member_n of_o her_o general_a trade_n then_o will_v there_o remain_v five_o hundred_o thousand_o rial_n of_o eight_o clear_a gain_n by_o the_o balance_n of_o this_o trade_n and_o this_o comparison_n hold_v between_o all_o other_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o get_v and_o the_o proportion_n that_o be_v yearly_o get_v but_o if_o yet_o a_o question_n shall_v be_v make_v whether_o all_o nation_n get_v treasure_n and_o spain_n only_o lose_v it_o i_o answer_v no_o for_o some_o country_n by_o war_n or_o by_o excess_n do_v lose_v that_o which_o they_o have_v get_v as_o well_o as_o spain_n by_o war_n and_o want_n of_o ware_n do_v lose_v that_o which_o be_v its_o own_o chap._n vii_o the_o diversity_n of_o gain_n by_o foreign_a trade_n in_o the_o course_n of_o foreign_a trade_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o gain_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o may_v be_v do_v when_o the_o merchant_n who_o be_v the_o principal_a agent_n therein_o shall_v lose_v the_o second_o be_v the_o gain_n of_o the_o merchant_n which_o he_o do_v sometime_o just_o and_o worthy_o effect_v although_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v a_o loser_n the_o three_o be_v the_o gain_n of_o the_o king_n whereof_o he_o be_v ever_o certain_a even_o when_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o merchant_n shall_v be_v both_o lofer_n concern_v the_o first_o of_o these_o we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v the_o way_n and_o mean_n whereby_o a_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v enrich_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n whereof_o it_o be_v needless_a here_o to_o make_v any_o repetition_n only_o i_o do_v in_o this_o place_n affirm_v that_o such_o happiness_n may_v be_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o merchant_n in_o his_o particular_a shall_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o rejoice_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v the_o east-india_n company_n send_v out_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n into_o the_o east-indies_n and_o receive_v home_o for_o the_o same_o the_o full_a value_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v treble_v and_o yet_o i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o which_o i_o can_v well_o prove_v that_o the_o say_a company_n of_o merchant_n shall_v lose_v at_o least_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n by_o such_o a_o adventure_n if_o the_o return_n be_v make_v in_o spice_n indigo_n calico_n benjamin_n refine_a saltpetre_n and_o such_o other_o bulky_a ware_n in_o their_o several_a proportion_n according_a to_o their_o vent_n and_o use_v in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o ship_n the_o insurance_n of_o this_o adventure_n the_o charge_n of_o factor_n abroad_o and_o officer_n at_o home_n the_o forbearance_n of_o the_o stock_n his_o majesty_n custom_n and_o impost_n with_o other_o petty_a charge_n incident_a can_v be_v less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o principal_a produce_v the_o say_a loss_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o not_o only_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o the_o king_n by_o his_o custom_n and_o impost_n may_v get_v notorious_o even_o when_o the_o merchant_n notwithstanding_o shall_v lose_v grievous_o which_o give_v we_o good_a occasion_n here_o to_o consider_v how_o much_o more_o the_o realm_n be_v enrich_v by_o this_o noble_a trade_n when_o all_o thing_n pass_v so_o happy_o that_o the_o merchant_n be_v a_o gainer_n also_o with_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o affirm_v that_o a_o merchant_n by_o his_o laudable_a endeavour_n may_v both_o carry_v out_o and_o bring_v in_o ware_n to_o his_o advantage_n by_o sell_v and_o buy_v they_o to_o good_a profit_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o his_o labour_n when_o nevertheless_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v decline_v and_o grow_v poor_a by_o a_o disorder_n in_o the_o people_n when_o through_o pride_n and_o other_o excess_n they_o do_v consume_v more_o foreign_a ware_n in_o value_n than_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v satisfy_v and_o pay_v by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o own_o commodity_n which_o be_v the_o very_a quality_n of_o a_o unthrift_n who_o spend_v beyond_o his_o mean_n last_o the_o king_n be_v ever_o sure_a to_o get_v by_o trade_n when_o both_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o merchant_n shall_v lose_v several_o as_o afore-written_a or_o joint_o as_o it_o may_v and_o do_v sometime_o happen_v when_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n our_o commodity_n be_v overbalance_v by_o foreign_a ware_n consume_v and_o that_o the_o merchant_n success_n prove_v no_o better_o than_o be_v before_o declare_v but_o here_o we_o must_v not_o take_v the_o king_n gain_n in_o this_o large_a sense_n for_o so_o we_o may_v say_v that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v get_v although_o half_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v lose_v we_o shall_v rather_o suppose_v that_o whereas_o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o exportation_n and_o importation_n be_v now_o find_v for_o to_o be_v about_o the_o yearly_o value_n of_o four_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o pound_n it_o may_v be_v yet_o increase_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_fw-it by_o the_o importation_n and_o consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o know_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v a_o gainer_n near_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v lose_v the_o whole_a two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n thus_o spend_v in_o excess_n and_o the_o merchant_n may_v be_v a_o loser_n also_o when_o the_o trade_n shall_v in_o this_o
with_o good_a profit_n the_o first_o part_n whereof_o be_v make_v as_o we_o have_v suppose_v in_o spain_n from_o thence_o i_o consider_v where_o to_o make_v my_o second_o gain_n and_o find_v that_o the_o florentine_n send_v out_o a_o great_a value_n in_o cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n wrought_v silk_n and_o rash_n to_o spain_n than_o they_o receive_v in_o fleece_n wool_n west-india_n hide_v sugar_n and_o cochineal_n i_o know_v i_o can_v miss_v of_o my_o purpose_n by_o deliver_v my_o money_n for_o florence_n where_o still_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n i_o direct_v my_o course_n from_o thence_o to_o venice_n and_o there_o find_v that_o my_o next_o benefit_n must_v be_v at_o franckfort_n or_o antwerp_n until_o at_o last_o i_o come_v to_o amsterdam_n by_o a_o short_a or_o long_a course_n according_a to_o such_o occasion_n of_o advantage_n as_o the_o time_n and_o place_n shall_v afford_v i_o and_o thus_o we_o see_v still_o that_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n upon_o the_o exchange_n be_v guide_v and_o rule_v by_o by_o the_o over_o or_o underballance_n of_o the_o several_a trade_n which_o be_v predominant_a and_o active_a make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o which_o be_v therefore_o passive_a the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v so_o often_o repeat_v by_o the_o say_v malines_n to_o the_o second_o four_o fourteen_o and_o twenty_o three_o i_o say_v that_o all_o these_o be_v the_o proper_a work_v of_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n and_o that_o his_o action_n can_v work_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o the_o common_a wealth_n i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o here_o i_o may_v spare_v that_o labour_n to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v true_a i_o can_v deliver_v one_o thousand_o pound_n here_o by_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o value_n in_o spain_n where_o with_o this_o spanish_a money_n i_o can_v buy_v and_o bring_v away_o so_o much_o spanish_a ware_n but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o in_o the_o end_n the_o english_a money_n or_o commodity_n must_v pay_v for_o the_o say_a ware_n for_o if_o i_o deliver_v my_o thousand_o pound_n here_o to_o a_o englishman_n he_o must_v pay_v i_o in_o spain_n either_o by_o good_n already_o send_v or_o to_o be_v send_v thither_o or_o if_o i_o deliver_v it_o here_o to_o a_o spaniard_n he_o take_v it_o of_o i_o with_o intent_n to_o employ_v it_o in_o our_o ware_n so_o that_o every_o way_n we_o must_v pay_v the_o stranger_n for_o what_o we_o have_v from_o he_o be_v there_o any_o feat_n in_o all_o this_o worthy_a our_o admiration_n to_o the_o five_o thirteen_o twenty_o and_o twenty_o first_o i_o must_v answer_v these_o wonder_n by_o heap_n where_o i_o find_v they_o to_o be_v all_o one_o matter_n in_o divers_a form_n and_o such_o froth_n also_o that_o every_o idiot_n know_v they_o and_o can_v say_v that_o he_o who_o have_v credit_n can_v contract_v buy_v sell_v and_o take_v up_o much_o money_n by_o exchange_n which_o he_o may_v do_v as_o well_o also_o at_o interest_n yet_o in_o these_o course_v they_o be_v not_o always_o gainer_n for_o sometime_o they_o live_v by_o the_o loss_n as_o well_o as_o they_o who_o have_v less_o credit_n to_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o here_o be_v more_o poor_a stuff_n for_o when_o i_o know_v the_o currant_n price_n of_o my_o ware_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n i_o may_v easy_o conjecture_v whether_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o gain_n which_o i_o expect_v upon_o my_o ware_n will_v be_v great_a and_o again_o as_o every_o merchant_n know_v well_o what_o he_o gain_v upon_o the_o ware_n he_o buy_v and_o sell_v so_o may_v any_o other_o man_n do_v the_o like_a that_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o say_a merchant_n have_v proceed_v but_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o make_v we_o admire_v the_o exchange_n to_o the_o eight_o and_o twelve_o as_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v furnish_v man_n with_o money_n for_o their_o occasion_n so_o do_v they_o likewise_o who_o let_v out_o their_o money_n at_o interest_n with_o the_o same_o hope_n and_o like_a advantage_n which_o many_o time_n notwithstanding_o fail_v they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o borrower_n often_o labour_v for_o the_o lender_n profit_n to_o the_o nine_o and_o eighteen_o here_o my_o author_n have_v some_o secret_a mean_v or_o be_v conscious_a of_o his_o own_o error_n do_v mark_v these_o two_o wonder_n with_o a_o ☞_o in_o the_o margin_n for_o why_o shall_v this_o great_a work_n of_o enrich_v or_o impoverish_v of_o kingdom_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o those_o mean_n that_o do_v over_o or_o underballance_n our_o foreign_a trade_n as_o i_o have_v already_o so_o often_o show_v and_o as_o the_o very_a word_n of_o malines_n himself_o in_o these_o two_o place_n may_v intimate_v to_o a_o judicious_a reader_n to_o the_o fifteen_o and_o sixteenth_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o exchange_n may_v be_v use_v in_o turn_v base_a money_n into_o gold_n or_o silver_n as_o when_o a_o stranger_n may_v coin_v and_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o farthing_n which_o in_o short_a time_n he_o may_v disperse_v or_o convert_v into_o good_a money_n and_o then_o deliver_v the_o same_o here_o by_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o value_n in_o his_o own_o country_n or_o he_o may_v do_v this_o feat_n by_o carry_v away_o the_o say_v good_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la without_o use_v the_o exchange_n at_o all_o if_o he_o dare_v venture_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n the_o spaniard_n know_v well_o who_o be_v the_o common_a coiner_n of_o christendom_n that_o dare_v venture_v to_o bring_v they_o store_n of_o copper-mony_n of_o the_o spanish_a stamp_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o value_n in_o good_a rial_n of_o eight_o wherein_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o cunning_a device_n they_o be_v sometime_o take_v tardy_a to_o the_o seventeen_o the_o banker_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o receive_v such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v put_v into_o their_o hand_n by_o man_n of_o all_o degree_n who_o have_v no_o skill_n or_o good_a mean_n themselves_o to_o manage_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o exchange_n to_o profit_n it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o the_o banker_n do_v repay_v all_o man_n with_o their_o own_o and_o yet_o reserve_v good_a gain_n to_o themselves_o which_o they_o do_v as_o well_o deserve_v for_o their_o ordinary_a provision_n or_o allowance_n as_o those_o factor_n do_v which_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o merchant_n by_o commission_n and_o be_v not_o this_o likewise_o both_o just_a and_o very_o common_a 17._o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la pag._n 410._o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 17._o to_o the_o eleven_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o here_o be_v a_o wonder_n indeed_o that_o a_o poor_a prince_n shall_v keep_v either_o his_o war_n or_o ware_n i_o take_v both_o together_o as_o the_o author_n set_v they_o down_o both_o way_n differ_v in_o his_o say_v two_o book_n upon_o interest-money_n for_o what_o need_v the_o enemy_n of_o such_o a_o poor_a prince_n deal_v with_o the_o banker_n to_o disappoint_v he_o or_o defeat_v he_o of_o his_o money_n in_o time_n of_o want_n when_o the_o interest_n itself_o will_v do_v this_o fast_n enough_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v this_o poor_a stuff_n to_o the_o nineteenth_o i_o have_v live_v long_o in_o italy_n where_o the_o great_a bank_n and_o banker_n of_o christedom_n do_v trade_n yet_o can_v i_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v that_o they_o do_v or_o be_v able_a to_o rule_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o confederacy_n but_o still_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n do_v always_o over-rule_v they_o and_o make_v the_o exchange_n to_o run_v at_o high_a or_o low_a rate_n custom_n exchange_n hinder_v not_o prince_n of_o their_o custom_n to_o the_o twenty_o second_o the_o exchange_n by_o bill_n between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n can_v hinder_v prince_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o impost_n for_o the_o money_n which_o one_o man_n deliver_v because_o he_o will_v not_o or_o have_v not_o occasion_n to_o employ_v it_o in_o ware_n another_o man_n take_v because_o he_o either_o will_n or_o have_v already_o lay_v it_o out_o in_o merchandise_n but_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o kingdom_n consist_v much_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o good_a mean_n and_o conveniency_n in_o such_o a_o kingdom_n to_o trade_n with_o the_o same_o into_o foreign_a part_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n or_o by_o both_o these_o way_n if_o then_o this_o trade_n be_v neglect_v the_o king_n shall_v be_v defeat_v of_o those_o profit_n and_o if_o the_o exchange_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o then_o must_v we_o learn_v in_o what_o manner_n this_o be_v do_v for_o we_o may_v exchange_v
estate_n they_o seem_v not_o the_o same_o people_n spaniard_n those_o prince_n which_o willing_o support_v the_o dutch_a will_v as_o resolute_o resist_v the_o spaniard_n for_o who_o know_v not_o that_o the_o condition_n of_o those_o province_n be_v mean_a and_o turbulent_a under_o the_o spaniard_n government_n which_o bring_v rather_o a_o great_a charge_n than_o a_o further_a strength_n to_o to_o their_o ambition_n neither_o will_v it_o prove_v over_o difficult_a for_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n in_o short_a time_n to_o reduce_v those_o country_n to_o their_o former_a estate_n again_o if_o their_o own_o safety_n do_v require_v the_o same_o as_o certain_o it_o will_v if_o the_o spaniard_n be_v sole_a lord_n of_o those_o netherlands_o but_o our_o discourse_n tend_v not_o to_o show_v the_o mean_n of_o those_o mutation_n otherwise_o than_o to_o find_v out_o the_o chief_a foundation_n of_o the_o hollander_n wealth_n and_o greatness_n for_o it_o seem_v a_o wonder_n to_o the_o world_n that_o such_o a_o small_a country_n not_o full_o so_o big_a as_o two_o of_o our_o big_a shire_n have_v little_a natural_a wealth_n victual_n timber_n or_o other_o necessary_a ammunition_n either_o for_o war_n or_o peace_n shall_v notwithstanding_o possess_v they_o all_o in_o such_o extraordinary_a plenty_n that_o beside_o their_o own_o want_n which_o be_v very_o great_a they_o can_v and_o do_v likewise_o serve_v and_o sell_v to_o other_o prince_n ship_n ordnance_n cordage_n corn_n powder_n shot_n and_o what_o not_o which_o by_o their_o industrious_a trade_n they_o gather_v from_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n honesty_n much_o policy_n but_o little_a honesty_n in_o which_o course_n they_o be_v not_o less_o injurious_a to_o supplant_v other_o especial_o the_o english_a than_o they_o be_v careful_a to_o strengthen_v themselves_o and_o to_o effect_v this_o and_o more_o than_o have_v be_v say_v which_o be_v their_o war_n with_o spain_n they_o have_v little_a foundation_n beside_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v permit_v they_o in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n be_v indeed_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o incredible_a wealth_n and_o strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n as_o robert_n hichcock_n tobias_n gentleman_n and_o other_o have_v publish_v at_o large_a in_o print_n to_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o read_v and_o the_o states-general_n themselves_o in_o their_o proclamation_n have_v ingenious_o set_v out_o the_o worth_a thereof_o in_o these_o word_n follow_v 1624._o part_v of_o the_o state_n proclamation_n date_v in_o the_o hague_n 19_o july_n 1624._o the_o great_a fish_n and_o catch_v of_o herring_n be_v the_o chief_a trade_n and_o principal_a gold_n mine_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n whereby_o many_o thousand_o of_o household_n family_n handicraft_n trade_n and_o occupation_n be_v set_v on_o work_n well_o maintain_v and_o prosper_v especial_o the_o sail_v and_o navigation_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o these_o country_n be_v keep_v in_o great_a estimation_n moreover_o many_o return_n of_o money_n with_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o mean_n convoy_n custom_n and_o revenue_n of_o these_o country_n be_v augment_v thereby_o and_o prosper_v with_o other_o word_n follow_v as_o be_v at_o large_a express_v in_o the_o say_a proclamation_n set_v forth_o by_o the_o states-general_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o say_a trade_n of_o fish_v without_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o they_o can_v long_o subsist_v in_o sovereignty_n for_o if_o this_o foundation_n perish_v the_o whole_a building_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n must_v fall_v for_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o ship_n will_v sudden_o decay_v their_o revenue_n and_o custom_n will_v become_v small_a their_o country_n will_v be_v depopulate_v for_o want_v of_o maintenance_n whereby_o the_o excise_n must_v fail_v and_o all_o their_o other_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n or_o elsewhere_o must_v faint_v so_o that_o the_o glory_n and_o power_n of_o these_o netherlands_o consist_v in_o this_o fish_v of_o herring_n ling_n and_o cod_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n it_o rest_v therefore_o to_o know_v what_o right_o or_o title_n they_o have_v thereunto_o and_o how_o they_o be_v able_a to_o possess_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o against_o all_o other_o nation_n the_o answer_n to_o these_o two_o question_n be_v not_o difficult_a for_o first_o it_o be_v not_o the_o netherlandish_a author_n of_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la that_o can_v entitle_v they_o to_o fish_n in_o his_o majesty_n sea_n for_o beside_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o example_n of_o other_o country_n which_o may_v be_v allege_v i_o will_v only_o say_v that_o such_o title_n will_v be_v soon_o decide_v by_o sword_n than_o with_o word_n i_o do_v believe_v indeed_o that_o it_o be_v free_a for_o the_o fish_n to_o come_v thither_o at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o for_o the_o dutch_a to_o carry_v and_o carry_v they_o away_o from_o thence_o without_o his_o majesty_n licence_n i_o harbour_v no_o such_o thought_n there_o may_v be_v good_a policy_n to_o connive_v still_o and_o so_o long_o to_o permit_v they_o this_o fish_n as_o they_o be_v in_o perfect_a league_n with_o england_n and_o in_o war_n with_o spain_n but_o if_o the_o spaniard_n be_v master_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o heretofore_o it_o will_v near_o concern_v these_o kingdom_n to_o claim_v their_o own_o right_n and_o careful_o to_o make_v as_o good_a use_n thereof_o for_o increase_v of_o their_o wealth_n and_o strength_n to_o oppose_v that_o potent_a enemy_n as_o now_o the_o netherlander_n do_v and_o be_v well_o enable_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n by_o which_o particular_a alone_o they_o be_v ever_o bind_v to_o acknowledge_v their_o strong_a alliance_n with_o england_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o have_v the_o like_a good_a mean_n to_o lend_v they_o such_o a_o powerful_a maintenance_n compare_v fish_v and_o money_n compare_v nor_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o the_o spaniard_n if_o he_o have_v those_o country_n again_o to_o make_v a_o new_a foundation_n with_o the_o power_n of_o his_o money_n to_o increase_v his_o strength_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n to_o offend_v these_o kingdom_n more_o than_o he_o be_v now_o able_a to_o perform_v with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o those_o province_n which_o he_o have_v already_o in_o his_o possession_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o place_n but_o the_o employment_n not_o the_o barren_a netherlands_o but_o the_o rich_a fish_n which_o give_v foundation_n trade_n and_o subsistence_n to_o those_o multitude_n of_o ship_n art_n and_o people_n whereby_o also_o the_o excise_n and_o other_o public_a revenue_n be_v continue_v and_o without_o which_o employment_n all_o the_o say_v great_a dependence_n must_v necessary_o disbandon_v and_o fail_v in_o very_o short_a time_n for_o although_o i_o confess_v that_o store_n of_o money_n may_v bring_v they_o material_n which_o they_o altogether_o want_v and_o arts-man_n to_o build_v they_o ship_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o ware_n to_o freight_n and_o maintain_v they_o if_o money_n than_o shall_v be_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o send_v they_o out_o in_o trade_n what_o a_o poor_a number_n of_o ship_n will_v this_o employ_v or_o if_o the_o uncertain_a occasion_n of_o war_n must_v support_v they_o will_v not_o this_o require_v another_o indies_n and_o all_o too_o little_a to_o maintain_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o so_o many_o ship_n and_o man_n as_o the_o hollander_n do_v now_o set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o fish_n and_o other_o trade_n thereon_o depend_v but_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o say_v that_o the_o spaniard_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o those_o netherlands_o his_o expense_n of_o the_o present_a war_n there_o will_v cease_v and_o so_o this_o power_n may_v be_v turn_v upon_o we_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o when_o prince_n send_v great_a force_n abroad_o to_o invade_v other_o they_o must_v likewise_o increase_v their_o charge_n and_o strength_n at_o home_n to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o also_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o if_o the_o spaniard_n will_v attempt_v any_o thing_n upon_o these_o kingdom_n he_o must_v consume_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o treasure_n in_o ship_n whereby_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o invade_a power_n of_o money_n and_o man_n to_o land_n will_v be_v much_o less_o than_o now_o it_o be_v in_o the_o low-countries_n nor_o shall_v we_o regard_v they_o but_o be_v ever_o ready_a to_o beard_v they_o when_o our_o wealth_n and_o strength_n by_o sea_n and_o land_n may_v be_v so_o much_o increase_v by_o the_o possession_n and_o practice_n of_o our_o fish_n of_o which_o particular_a i_o will_v yet_o say_v something_o more_o where_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v in_o that_o which_o follow_v and_o here_o in_o this_o place_n i_o will_v only_o add_v that_o if_o the_o spaniard_n be_v sole_a lord_n of_o all_o the_o netherlands_o he_o must_v then_o necessary_o drive_v a_o great_a trade_n by_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o
find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n or_o city_n to_o find_v out_o then_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n do_v thus_o set_v the_o one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o the_o one_o place_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n on_o the_o other_o place_n and_o apply_v that_o wideness_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o look_v how_o many_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a that_o wideness_n comprehend_v and_o allow_v 60_o italian_a mile_n to_o every_o degree_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o distance_n by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o those_o two_o place_n demand_v but_o if_o the_o say_v two_o place_n have_v both_o either_o north_n or_o south_n latitude_n then_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a latitude_n out_o of_o the_o great_a so_o shall_v you_o find_v the_o difference_n which_o difference_n if_o you_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o product_n will_v be_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n and_o if_o to_o the_o whole_a degree_n of_o difference_n there_o be_v annex_v any_o minute_n than_o you_o must_v add_v to_o the_o product_n for_o every_o minute_n a_o mile_n but_o if_o one_o of_o the_o two_o place_n have_v north_n latitude_n and_o the_o other_o south_n latitude_n than_o you_o shall_v find_v their_o difference_n by_o addition_n only_o and_o not_o by_o substraction_n latitude_n the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n have_v different_a longitude_n and_o east_n and_o west_n latitude_n now_o if_o you_o will_v find_v the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n both_o place_n have_v either_o east_n or_o west_n latitude_n then_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a out_o of_o the_o great_a so_o shall_v you_o have_v the_o true_a difference_n which_o difference_n you_o must_v multiply_v by_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n belong_v to_o their_o latitude_n which_o common_o be_v find_v on_o the_o north-west_n side_n of_o the_o map_n or_o by_o the_o table_n of_o mile_n answerable_a of_o one_o degree_n of_o every_o latitude_n and_o the_o product_n thereof_o will_v be_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n whereby_o the_o one_o place_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o other_o but_o if_o one_o place_n have_v east_n longitude_n and_o the_o other_o west_n longitude_n than_o you_o must_v find_v the_o difference_n as_o well_o by_o addition_n as_o by_o substraction_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n i_o conceive_v it_o not_o much_o material_a to_o my_o purpose_n further_a to_o insist_v hereupon_o for_o the_o diligent_a and_o ingenious_a will_n easy_o hereby_o comprehend_v the_o benefit_n that_o may_v redound_v to_o he_o by_o a_o general_a inspection_n in_o this_o art_n refer_v what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o willing_o omit_v to_o his_o own_o private_a search_n and_o study_v and_o to_o such_o author_n as_o have_v learned_o write_v of_o this_o subject_a more_o at_o large_a and_o therefore_o from_o the_o universal_a knowledge_n of_o map_n that_o point_v out_o the_o general_a division_n of_o the_o world_n i_o will_v come_v to_o the_o particular_n comprise_v therein_o and_o view_v the_o subdivision_n thereof_o as_o potency_n may_v and_o sovereignty_n have_v prescribe_v rule_n thereunto_o this_o world_n then_o consist_v as_o i_o note_v before_o of_o four_o principal_a part_n and_o every_o part_n consist_v of_o several_a empire_n kingdom_n and_o province_n in_o which_o many_o commodity_n both_o natural_a and_o artificial_a be_v find_v fit_a for_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o also_o wherein_o be_v note_v to_o be_v divers_a eminent_a city_n and_o town_n of_o great_a concourse_n of_o ship_n merchant_n and_o trade_n which_o trade_n be_v maintain_v and_o drive_v by_o the_o say_a commodity_n and_o ware_n and_o by_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o mankind_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o invention_n and_o time_n have_v devise_v the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o weight_n measure_n coin_n exchange_n and_o accompt-keeping_a have_v draw_v the_o same_o to_o certain_a head_n and_o principal_n which_o in_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v but_o before_o i_o fall_v to_o particular_n it_o be_v requisite_a i_o shall_v first_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o same_o in_o general_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v and_o the_o general_n part_v thereof_o art_n merchandize_v account_v a_o art_n merchandize_v true_o consider_v in_o itself_o and_o right_o practise_v may_v well_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o art_n or_o science_n invent_v by_o ingenious_a mankind_n for_o the_o public_a good_a commodity_n and_o welfare_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n for_o thereby_o some_o place_n and_o kingdom_n be_v supply_v and_o furnish_v with_o those_o necessary_a thing_n whereof_o nature_n herself_o have_v prove_v deficient_a in_o and_o which_o in_o some_o other_o place_n or_o kingdom_n have_v abandon_v tend_v either_o to_o the_o need_n ornament_n or_o commodity_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o be_v perform_v by_o export_v the_o superfluity_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o one_o to_o furnish_v the_o defect_n and_o want_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o other_o and_o the_o arts-man_n that_o be_v see_v thus_o to_o practice_v and_o exercise_v the_o same_o and_o which_o do_v thus_o transport_v these_o thing_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o be_v general_o know_v to_o we_o and_o common_o term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o wherewith_o they_o negotiate_v and_o traffic_n be_v term_v merchandize_n or_o commodity_n what_o merchandize_v what_o merchandize_v then_o of_o it_o self_n in_o effect_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o commutation_n bargain_v contract_n or_o exchange_v of_o one_o man_n with_o another_o and_o by_o give_v by_o one_o so_o much_o of_o one_o thing_n or_o commodity_n to_o have_v of_o the_o other_o so_o much_o and_o the_o like_a value_n of_o some_o one_o other_o differ_a commodity_n else_o and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d themselves_o subject_a to_o this_o commutation_n or_o exchange_v be_v principal_o observe_v in_o all_o place_n to_o be_v two_o money_n the_o material_n of_o merchandize_v be_v commodity_n and_o money_n first_o wares_n or_o good_n and_o second_o money_n or_o coin_n which_o two_o be_v usual_o observe_v to_o be_v contract_v and_o bargain_v for_o in_o three_o several_a distinct_a manner_n kind_n commutation_n distinguish_v into_o three_o manner_n or_o kind_n the_o first_o be_v good_n for_o good_n and_o this_o be_v term_v barter_v the_o second_o be_v good_n for_o money_n and_o this_o be_v term_v bargain_v and_o the_o three_o be_v money_n for_o money_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o among_o merchant_n in_o these_o day_n term_v exchange_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o all_o merchantile_fw-la affair_n and_o commerce-like_a negotiation_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o kind_n or_o sort_n that_o be_v into_o barter_v common_o call_v truck_v bargain_v common_o call_v buy_v and_o sell_v and_o into_o return_v of_o money_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o bill_n common_o call_v exchange_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v teach_v to_o mankind_n by_o necessity_n who_o to_o provide_v himself_o of_o thing_n that_o be_v needful_a give_v in_o lieu_n and_o in_o truck_v thereof_o and_o for_o the_o same_o the_o thing_n whereof_o he_o have_v store_n and_o plenty_n the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v out_o and_o invent_v to_o facilitate_v the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o to_o facilitate_v the_o second_o barter_v barter_v in_o the_o time_n of_o old_a among_o we_o and_o yet_o in_o these_o day_n in_o many_o place_n of_o america_n asia_n and_o africa_n the_o first_o manner_n of_o barter_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o in_o use_n and_o practise_v where_o though_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o brass_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o account_v as_o a_o stamp_a coin_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o both_o here_o and_o be_v still_o here_o hold_v in_o great_a estimation_n than_o be_v any_o other_o commodity_n or_o metal_n the_o which_o homer_n infer_v in_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n where_o he_o mention_v that_o achilles_n his_o golden_a armour_n be_v value_v in_o barter_n at_o one_o hundred_o ox_n and_o that_o the_o brass_n armour_n of_o diomedes_n be_v value_v in_o barter_n but_o at_o nine_o but_o man_n in_o process_n of_o time_n find_v it_o too_o too_o difficult_a a_o thing_n and_o too_o too_o troublesome_a a_o business_n to_o carry_v about_o he_o all_o thing_n thus_o barter_v and_o truck_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o choose_v out_o one_o singular_a thing_n which_o as_o a_o common_a standard_n or_o measure_n shall_v countervail_v and_o be_v in_o value_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o which_o shall_v be_v receive_v and_o account_v of_o in_o payment_n satisfaction_n and_o equivalency_n to_o all_o other_o and_o the_o thing_n thus_o choose_v and_o estimate_v be_v gold_n silver_n and_o brass_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o metal_n which_o be_v then_o and_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n divide_v
3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o