par._n it_o be_v low_a when_o he_o pay_v less_o than_o the_o parnell_n the_o par_n be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o piece_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o one_o country_n contain_v in_o they_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o silver_n to_o that_o in_o another_o number_n of_o piece_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o another_o country_n v_o g._n suppose_v 36_o skillings_n of_o holland_n to_o have_v just_a as_o much_o silver_n in_o they_o as_o 20_o english_a shilling_n bill_n of_o exchange_n draw_v from_o england_n to_o holland_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o 36_o skillings_n dutch_n for_o each_o pound_n sterling_n be_v according_a to_o the_o par._n he_o that_o pay_v the_o money_n here_o and_o receive_v it_o there_o neither_o get_v nor_o lose_v by_o the_o exchange_n but_o receive_v just_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o one_o place_n that_o he_o part_n with_o in_o the_o other_o but_o if_o he_o pay_v one_o pound_n sterling_a to_o receive_v but_o 30_o skillings_n in_o holland_n he_o pay_v â…™_n more_o than_o the_o par_fw-fr and_o so_o pay_v â…™_n more_o silver_n for_o the_o exchange_n let_v the_o sum_n be_v what_o it_o will_n the_o reason_n of_o high_a exchange_n be_v the_o buy_v much_o commodity_n in_o any_o foreign_a country_n beyond_o the_o value_n of_o what_o that_o country_n take_v of_o we_o this_o make_v english_a man_n have_v need_n of_o great_a sum_n there_o and_o this_o raise_v the_o exchange_n or_o price_n of_o bill_n for_o what_o grow_v more_o into_o demand_n increase_v present_o in_o price_n return_v money_n by_o exchange_n into_o foreign_a part_n keep_v not_o one_o farthing_n from_o go_v out_o it_o only_o prevent_v the_o more_o troublesome_a and_o hazardous_a way_n of_o send_v money_n in_o specie_fw-la forward_o and_o backward_o bill_n of_o exchange_n more_o commodious_o by_o scrip_n of_o paper_n even_o the_o account_n between_o particular_a debtor_n and_o creditor_n in_o different_a country_n as_o far_o as_o the_o commerce_n between_o those_o two_o place_n be_v equivalent_a but_o where_o the_o overbalance_n on_o either_o side_n demand_v payment_n there_o bill_n of_o exchange_n can_v do_v nothing_o but_o bullion_n or_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la must_v be_v send_v for_o in_o a_o country_n where_o we_o owe_v money_n and_o have_v no_o debt_n owe_v to_o we_o bill_n will_v not_o find_v credit_n but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n till_o money_n can_v be_v send_v to_o reimburse_v those_o that_o pay_v they_o unless_o we_o can_v think_v man_n beyond_o sea_n will_v part_v with_o their_o money_n for_o nothing_o if_o the_o trader_n of_o england_n owe_v their_o correspondent_o of_o holland_n 100.000_o l._n their_o account_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n stand_v equal_a and_o remain_v so_o one_o farthing_n of_o this_o 100.000_o l._n can_v be_v pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o example_n i_o owe_v 1000_o l._n of_o it_o and_o to_o pay_v that_o buy_v a_o bill_n of_o n._n here_o draw_v on_o john_n the_o wit_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o pay_v p._n van_n lore_n my_o correspondent_n there_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v according_o and_o thereby_o i_o be_o out_o of_o van_n lores_n debt_n but_o one_o farthing_n of_o the_o debt_n of_o england_n to_o holland_n be_v not_o thereby_o pay_v for_o n._n of_o who_o i_o buy_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v now_o as_o much_o indebt_v to_o john_n the_o wit_n as_o i_o be_v before_o to_o p._n van_fw-mi lore_n particular_a debtor_n and_o creditor_n be_v only_o change_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o the_o debt_n owe_v from_o one_o country_n to_o the_o other_o can_v be_v pay_v without_o real_a effect_n send_v thither_o to_o that_o value_n either_o in_o commodity_n or_o money_n where_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n bare_o pay_v for_o commodity_n with_o commodity_n there_o money_n must_v be_v send_v or_o else_o the_o debt_n can_v be_v pay_v i_o have_v speak_v of_o silver_n coin_v alone_o because_o that_o make_v the_o money_n of_o account_n and_o measure_n of_o trade_n all_o through_o the_o world_n for_o all_o contract_n be_v i_o think_v every_o where_o make_v and_o account_n keep_v in_o silver_n coin_n i_o be_o sure_a they_o be_v so_o in_o england_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n silver_n therefore_o and_o silver_n alone_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n two_o metal_n as_o gold_n and_o silver_n can_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n both_o together_o in_o any_o country_n because_o the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n must_v be_v perpetual_o the_o same_o invariable_a and_o keep_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o value_n in_o all_o its_o part_n but_o so_o only_o one_o metal_n do_v or_o can_v do_v to_o itself_o so_o silver_n be_v to_o silver_n and_o gold_n to_o gold_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v always_o of_o equal_a value_n to_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n to_o a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n and_o two_o ounce_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o double_a the_o value_n to_o a_o ounce_n of_o the_o same_o but_o gold_n and_o silver_n change_v their_o value_n one_o to_o another_o for_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v in_o value_n as_o sixteen_o to_o one_o now_o perhaps_o the_o next_o month_n they_o may_v be_v as_o fifteen_o and_o three_o quarter_n or_o 15_o and_o â…ž_n to_o one_o and_o one_o may_v as_o well_o make_v a_o measure_n v_o g._n a_o yard_n who_o part_n lengthen_v and_o shrink_v as_o a_o measure_n of_o trade_n of_o material_n that_o have_v not_o always_o a_o settle_a unvariable_a value_n to_o one_o another_o one_o metal_n therefore_o alone_o can_v be_v the_o money_n of_o account_n and_o contract_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n in_o any_o country_n the_o fit_a for_o this_o use_n of_o all_o other_o be_v silver_n for_o many_o reason_n which_o need_v not_o here_o be_v mention_v it_o be_v enough_o that_o the_o world_n have_v agree_v in_o it_o and_o make_v it_o their_o common_a money_n and_o as_o the_o indian_n right_o call_v it_o measure_n all_o other_o metal_n gold_n as_o well_o as_o lead_v be_v but_o commodity_n commodity_n be_v movable_n valuable_a by_o money_n the_o common_a measure_n gold_n though_o not_o the_o money_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n nor_o fit_a to_o be_v so_o yet_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v coin_v to_o ascertain_v its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o such_o coin_n may_v safe_o have_v a_o price_n as_o well_o as_o stamp_n set_v upon_o it_o by_o public_a authority_n so_o the_o value_n set_v be_v under_o the_o market_n price_n for_o then_o such_o piece_n coin_v will_v be_v a_o commodity_n as_o passable_a as_o silver_n money_n very_o little_o vary_v in_o their_o price_n as_o guineas_n which_o be_v coin_v at_o the_o value_n of_o 20_o s._n but_o pass_v usual_o for_o between_o 21_o or_o 22_o shilling_n according_a to_o the_o current_a rate_n but_o not_o have_v so_o high_a a_o value_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o law_n no_o body_n can_v be_v force_v to_o take_v they_o to_o their_o loss_n at_o 21_o s._n 6_o d._n if_o the_o price_n of_o gold_n shall_v happen_v at_o any_o time_n to_o be_v cheap_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o think_v it_o appear_v 1._o that_o silver_n be_v that_o which_o mankind_n have_v agree_v on_o to_o take_v and_o give_v in_o exchange_n for_o all_o other_o commodity_n as_o a_o equivalent_a 2._o that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n they_o give_v or_o take_v or_o contract_n for_o that_o they_o estimate_v the_o value_n of_o other_o thing_n and_o satisfy_v for_o they_o and_o thus_o by_o its_o quantity_n silver_n become_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n 3._o hence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n have_v a_o great_a value_n a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n have_v a_o less_o value_n and_o a_o equal_a quantity_n a_o equal_a value_n 4._o that_o money_n differ_v from_o uncoined_a silver_n only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o each_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v ascertain_v by_o the_o stamp_n it_o bear_v which_o be_v set_v there_o to_o be_v a_o public_a voucher_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o fineness_n 5._o that_o gold_n be_v treasure_n as_o well_o as_o silver_n because_o it_o decay_v not_o in_o keep_v and_o never_o sink_v much_o in_o its_o value_n 6._o that_o gold_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v coin_v as_o well_o as_o silver_n to_o ascertain_v its_o quantity_n to_o those_o who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o traffic_n in_o it_o but_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v join_v with_o silver_n as_o a_o measure_n of_o commerce_n 7._o that_o jewel_n too_o be_v treasure_n because_o they_o keep_v without_o decay_n and_o have_v constant_o a_o great_a value_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o bulk_n but_o can_v be_v use_v for_o money_n because_o their_o value_n be_v not_o measure_v by_o their_o
shilling_n and_o penny_n the_o great_a piece_n as_o sceptre_n and_o half_a sceptre_n which_o be_v make_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o great_a sum_n and_o be_v for_o dispatch_v in_o tale_n will_v not_o in_o tale_n fall_v into_o even_a pound_n and_o i_o fear_v it_o will_v puzzle_v a_o better_a arithmetician_n than_o most_o country_n man_n be_v to_o tell_v without_o pen_n and_o ink_n how_o many_o of_o the_o lesser_a piece_n except_o the_o shilling_n however_o combine_v will_v make_v just_a sixteen_o or_o seventeen_o shilling_n and_o i_o imagine_v there_o be_v not_o one_o country_n man_n of_o three_o but_o may_v have_v it_o for_o his_o pain_n if_o he_o can_v tell_v a_o hundred_o pound_v make_v up_o of_o a_o promiscuous_a mixture_n of_o the_o species_n of_o this_o new_a raise_v money_n exclude_v the_o shilling_n in_o a_o day_n time_n and_o that_o which_o will_v help_v to_o confound_v he_o and_o every_o body_n else_o will_v be_v the_o old_a crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n and_o sixpence_n current_a for_o new_a number_n of_o pence_n so_o that_o i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o if_o our_o coin_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v propose_v not_o only_o all_o our_o clip_v but_o all_o our_o weighty_a and_o milled_a money_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v recoined_a too_o if_o you_o will_v no_o have_v trade_n disturb_v and_o people_n more_o disease_v with_o new_a money_n which_o they_o can_v tell_v nor_o keep_v account_n in_o than_o with_o light_n and_o clip_v money_n which_o they_o be_v cheat_v with_o and_o what_o a_o charge_v the_o new_a coin_n of_o all_o our_o money_n will_v be_v to_o the_o nation_n i_o have_v compute_v in_o another_o place_n 8._o that_o i_o think_v be_v of_o some_o consideration_n in_o our_o present_a circumstance_n though_o the_o confusion_n that_o this_o new_a raise_v money_n i_o fear_v be_v like_a to_o introduce_v and_o the_o want_n of_o money_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n when_o the_o clip_v be_v call_v in_o and_o the_o weighty_a be_v to_o be_v recoined_a be_v of_o much_o great_a his_o four_o eight_o and_o nine_o reason_n p._n 84._o and_o 86._o be_v take_v from_o the_o save_v our_o present_a milled_a money_n from_o be_v cut_v and_o recoined_a the_o end_n i_o confess_v to_o be_v good_a it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o so_o much_o excellent_a coin_n as_o good_a as_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o be_v destroy_v but_o there_o be_v i_o think_v a_o sure_a and_o easy_a way_n to_o preserve_v it_o than_o what_o mr._n lowndes_n propose_v it_o be_v past_a doubt_n it_o will_v be_v in_o no_o danger_n of_o recoin_v if_o our_o money_n be_v keep_v upon_o the_o present_a foot_n but_o if_o it_o be_v raise_v as_o mr._n lowndes_n propose_v all_o the_o present_a mill_v money_n will_v be_v in_o danger_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o count_v it_o upon_o the_o new_a propose_a foot_n will_v enforce_v it_o to_o be_v recoined_a into_o new_a piece_n of_o crown_n half-crown_n shilling_n and_o six-pence_n that_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o same_o number_n of_o pence_n the_o present_a do_v viz._n 60.30.12_o and_o 6._o as_o i_o have_v above_o show_v he_o say_v in_o his_o four_o reason_n that_o if_o piece_n have_v the_o same_o bigness_n shall_v have_v different_a value_v it_o may_v be_v difficult_a for_o the_o common_a people_n especial_o those_o not_o skilled_a in_o arithmetic_n to_o compute_v how_o many_o of_o one_o kind_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o he_o sum_n of_o another_o such_o difficulty_n and_o confusion_n in_o count_a money_n i_o agree_v with_o he_o ought_v careful_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o therefore_o since_o if_o piece_n have_v the_o same_o bigness_n and_o stamp_n which_o the_o people_n be_v acquaint_v with_o shall_v have_v new_a value_v different_a from_o those_o which_o people_n be_v accustom_v to_o and_o these_o new_a value_v shall_v in_o number_n of_o penny_n not_o answer_v our_o way_n of_o account_v by_o pound_n and_o shilling_n it_o will_v be_v difficult_a for_o the_o common_a people_n especial_o those_o not_o skilled_a in_o arithmetic_n to_o compute_v how_o many_o of_o any_o one_o kind_n will_v make_v any_o sum_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v or_o receive_v especial_o when_o the_o number_n of_o any_o one_o kind_n of_o piece_n will_v be_v bring_v into_o so_o few_o even_a sum_n of_o pound_n and_o shilling_n and_o thus_o mr._n lowdes_n argument_n here_o turn_v upon_o himself_o and_o be_v against_o raise_v our_o coin_n to_o the_o value_n propose_v by_o he_o from_o the_o confusion_n it_o will_v produce_v his_o 8_o the_o reason_n p._n 86._o we_o have_v in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o conceive_v how_o any_o design_n of_o amend_v the_o clip_v money_n can_v be_v compass_v without_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n remain_v in_o they_o because_o of_o the_o great_a deficiency_n of_o the_o silver_n clip_v away_o which_o upon_o recoin_v must_v necessary_o be_v defray_v and_o bear_v one_o way_n or_o other_o it_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o conceive_v that_o clip_v money_n be_v not_o lawful_a money_n shall_v be_v prohibit_v to_o pass_v for_o more_o than_o its_o weight_n next_o it_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o conceive_v that_o clip_v money_n pass_v for_o no_o more_o than_o its_o weight_n and_o so_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o standard_n bullion_n which_o can_v be_v export_v shall_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o mint_n and_o there_o exchange_v for_o weighty_a money_n by_o this_o way_n it_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o amend_v the_o clip_v money_n may_v be_v compass_v because_o this_o way_n the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o silver_n clip_v away_o will_v certain_o be_v defray_v and_o bear_v one_o way_n or_o other_o and_o thus_o i_o have_v go_v over_o all_o mr._n lowndes_n reason_n for_o raise_v our_o coin_n wherein_o though_o i_o seem_v to_o differ_v from_o he_o yet_o i_o flatter_v myself_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o much_o as_o at_o first_o sight_n may_v appear_v since_o by_o what_o i_o find_v in_o another_o part_n of_o his_o book_n i_o have_v reason_n to_o judge_v he_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o my_o mind_n for_o he_o have_v five_o very_a good_a argument_n for_o continue_v the_o present_a standard_n of_o fineness_n each_o of_o which_o be_v as_o strong_a for_o continue_v also_o the_o present_a standard_n of_o weight_n i._n e._n continue_v a_o penny_n of_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o standard_n silver_n which_o at_o present_a it_o have_v he_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o this_o may_v read_v mr._n lowndes_n first_o five_o reason_n for_o continue_v the_o present_a standard_n of_o fineness_n which_o he_o will_v find_v in_o his_o 29_o 30_o 31_o 32_o page_n of_o his_o report_n and_o when_o mr._n lowndes_n himself_o have_v again_o consider_v what_o there_o be_v of_o weight_n in_o they_o and_o how_o far_o it_o reach_v he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o think_v it_o strange_a if_o they_o appear_v to_o i_o and_o other_o good_a argument_n against_o put_v less_o silver_n into_o our_o coin_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n let_v that_o diminution_n be_v make_v what_o way_n it_o will_n what_o mr._n lowndes_n say_v about_o gold_n coin_n p._n 88_o etc._n etc._n appear_v to_o i_o high_o rational_a and_o i_o perfect_o agree_v with_o he_o except_v only_o that_o i_o do_v not_o think_v gold_n be_v in_o regard_n of_o silver_n rise_v â…•_n in_o england_n which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v thus_o make_v out_o a_o guinea_n weigh_v five_o penny_n weight_n and_o nine_o grain_n or_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o grain_n and_o a_o pound_n sterling_n weigh_v one_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o grain_n a_o guinea_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n be_v as_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o to_o one_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o that_o be_v as_o one_o to_o fourteen_o and_o a_o half_a a_o guinea_n at_o two_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n be_v as_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o to_o two_o thousand_o forty_o two_o i_o e._n as_o one_o to_o sixteen_o a_o guinea_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n be_v as_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o to_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o i_o e._n as_o one_o to_o twenty_o one_o and_o a_o half_a near_o he_o therefore_o that_o receive_v twenty_o shilling_n mill_v money_n for_o a_o guinea_n receive_v one_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o grain_n standard_n silver_n for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o grain_n of_o standard_n gold_n i._n e._n fourteen_o and_o a_o half_a for_o one_o he_o who_o receive_v two_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n mill_v money_n for_o a_o guinea_n have_v two_o thousand_o forty_o two_o grain_n standard_n silver_n for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o grain_n standard_n gold_n i._n e_o sixteen_o for_o one_o he_o who_o receive_v thirty_o shilling_n mill_v money_n for_o
quantity_n nor_o can_v they_o as_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v divide_v and_o keep_v their_o value_n 8._o the_o other_o metal_n be_v not_o treasure_n because_o they_o decay_v in_o keep_v and_o because_o of_o their_o plenty_n which_o make_v their_o value_n little_a in_o a_o great_a bulk_n and_o so_o unfit_a for_o money_n commerce_n and_o carriage_n 9_o that_o the_o only_a way_n to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o england_n be_v the_o well-ordering_a our_o trade_n 10._o that_o the_o only_a way_n to_o bring_v silver_n and_o gold_n to_o the_o mint_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o stock_n of_o money_n and_o treasure_n which_o shall_v stay_v here_o be_v a_o overbalance_n of_o our_o whole_a trade_n all_o other_o way_n to_o increase_v our_o money_n and_o riches_n be_v but_o project_n that_o will_v fail_v we_o these_o thing_n premise_v i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v wherein_o i_o differ_v from_o mr._n lowndes_n and_o upon_o what_o ground_n i_o do_v so_o mr._n lowndes_n propose_v that_o our_o money_n shall_v be_v raise_v as_o it_o be_v call_v one_o five_o that_o be_v that_o all_o our_o present_a denomination_n of_o money_n as_o penny_n shilling_n half-crown_n crown_n etc._n etc._n shall_v each_o have_v â…•_n less_o silver_n in_o it_o or_o be_v answer_v with_o coin_n of_o â…•_n less_o value_n how_o he_o propose_v to_o have_v it_o do_v i_o shall_v consider_v hereafter_o i_o shall_v at_o present_v only_o examine_v the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o it_o his_o first_o reason_n p._n 68_o he_o give_v we_o in_o these_o word_n the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n ought_v to_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n in_o every_o crown_n because_o the_o price_n of_o standard_n silver_n in_o bullion_n be_v rise_v to_o six_o shilling_n five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n this_o reason_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o labour_v under_o several_a great_a mistake_n as_o 1._o that_o standard_n silver_n can_v rise_v in_o respect_n of_o itself_o 2._o that_o standard_n bullion_n be_v now_o or_o ever_o be_v worth_a or_o sell_v to_o the_o trader_n in_o it_o for_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n the_o ounce_n of_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n for_o if_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n hold_v not_o to_o be_v so_o that_o a_o ounce_n of_o sterling_n bullion_n be_v worth_a 6_o s._n 5_o d._n of_o our_o milled_a weighty_a money_n this_o reason_n cease_v and_o our_o weighty_a crown_n piece_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v raise_v to_o 6_o s._n 3_o d_o because_o our_o light_a clip_a money_n will_v not_o purchase_v a_o ounce_n of_o standard_n bullion_n under_o the_o rate_n of_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n of_o that_o light_a money_n and_o let_v i_o add_v here_o nor_o for_o that_o rate_n neither_o if_o therefore_o the_o author_n mean_v here_o that_o a_o ounce_n of_o standard_n silver_n be_v rise_v to_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n of_o our_o clip_a money_n i_o grant_v it_o he_o and_o high_a too_o but_o then_o that_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o raise_v our_o lawful_a coin_n which_o remain_v unclipe_v unless_o he_o will_v say_v too_o that_o standard_n bullion_n be_v so_o rise_v as_o to_o be_v worth_a and_o actual_o to_o sell_v for_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n the_o ounce_n of_o our_o weighty_a milled_a money_n this_o i_o not_o only_o deny_v but_o far_o add_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v so_o for_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n of_o milled_a money_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n near_o can_v it_o therefore_o be_v possible_a that_o one_o ounce_n of_o any_o commodity_n shall_v be_v worth_a a_o ounce_n and_o quarter_n of_o the_o selfsame_a commodity_n and_o of_o exact_o the_o same_o goodness_n for_o so_o be_v standard_n silver_n to_o standard_n silver_n indeed_o one_o have_v a_o mark_n upon_o it_o which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o but_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n that_o make_v it_o rather_o more_o than_o less_o valuable_a or_o if_o the_o mark_n by_o hinder_v its_o exportation_n make_v it_o less_o valuable_a for_o that_o purpose_n the_o melting-pot_n can_v easy_o take_v it_o off_o the_o complaint_n make_v of_o melt_v down_o our_o weighty_a money_n answer_v this_o reason_n evident_o for_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o a_o goldsmith_n will_v give_v 1_o ¼_n ounce_n of_o coin_v silver_n for_o one_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n when_o by_o put_v it_o into_o his_o melting-pot_n he_o can_v for_o less_o than_o a_o penny_n charge_v make_v it_o bullion_n for_o it_o be_v always_o to_o be_v remember_v what_o i_o think_v be_v make_v clear_a that_o the_o value_n of_o silver_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v money_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n be_v nothing_o but_o its_o quantity_n and_o thus_o a_o milled_a shilling_n which_o have_v double_a the_o weight_n of_o silver_n in_o it_o to_o a_o current_a shilling_n whereof_o half_o the_o silver_n be_v clip_v away_o have_v double_a the_o value_n and_o to_o show_v that_o this_o be_v so_o i_o will_v undertake_v that_o any_o merchant_n who_o have_v bullion_n to_o sell_v shall_v sell_v it_o for_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o number_n of_o shilling_n in_o tale_n to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v contract_v to_o pay_v he_o in_o milled_a money_n than_o if_o he_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o current_a clip_a money_n those_o who_o say_v bullion_n be_v rise_v i_o desire_v to_o tell_v i_o what_o they_o mean_v by_o rise_v any_o commodity_n i_o think_v be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v rise_v when_o the_o same_o quantity_n will_v exchange_v for_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o another_o thing_n but_o more_o particular_o of_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o country_n and_o thus_o corn_n be_v say_v to_o be_v rise_v among_o the_o english_a in_o virginia_n when_o a_o bushel_n of_o it_o will_v sell_v or_o exchange_v for_o more_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n among_o the_o indian_n when_o it_o will_v sell_v for_o more_o yard_n of_o wampompeal_n which_o â—s_v their_o money_n and_o among_o the_o englishâ—here_n â—here_z when_o it_o will_v exchange_v for_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n than_o it_o will_v before_o rise_v and_o fall_v of_o commodity_n be_v always_o between_o several_a commodity_n of_o distinct_a worth_n but_o no_o body_n can_v say_v that_o tobacco_n of_o the_o same_o goodness_n be_v rise_v in_o respect_n of_o itself_o one_o pound_n of_o the_o same_o goodness_n will_v never_o exchange_v for_o a_o pound_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o goodness_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o silver_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n will_v always_o be_v of_o equal_a value_n to_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n nor_o can_v it_o ever_o rise_v or_o fall_v in_o respect_n of_o itself_o a_o ounce_n of_o standard_n silver_n can_v never_o be_v worth_a 1_o ¼_n ounce_n of_o standard_n silver_n nor_o one_o ounce_n of_o uncoined_a silver_n exchange_n for_o 1_o ¼_n ounce_n of_o coin_v silver_n the_o stamp_n can_v so_o much_o debase_v its_o value_n indeed_o the_o stamp_n hinder_v its_o free_a exportation_n may_v make_v the_o goldsmith_n who_o profit_v by_o the_o return_n of_o money_n give_v 1_o 120_o or_o 1_o 60_o or_o perhaps_o sometime_o 1_o 30_o more_o that_o be_v 5_o s._n 2_o ½_o d._n 5_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 5_o s._n 4_o d._n the_o ounce_n of_o coin_v silver_n for_o uncoined_a when_o there_o be_v need_n of_o send_v silver_n beyond_o sea_n as_o there_o always_o be_v when_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n will_v not_o supply_v our_o want_n and_o pay_v our_o debt_n there_o but_o much_o beyond_o this_o the_o goldsmith_z wiâ—_n never_o give_v for_o bullion_n since_o he_o can_v make_v it_o out_o of_o coin_v money_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n it_o be_v say_v bullion_n be_v rise_v to_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n the_o ounce_n i._n e._n that_o a_o ounce_n of_o uncoined_a silver_n will_v exchange_v for_o 1_o ¼_n ounce_n oâ—_n coin_v silver_n if_o any_o one_o can_v believe_v this_o i_o will_v put_v this_o short_a case_n to_o he_o he_o haâ—_n of_o bullion_n or_o standard_n uncoined_a silver_n two_o round_a plate_n each_o of_o exact_a size_n and_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n he_o have_v beside_o of_o the_o same_o bullion_n a_o round_a plate_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o size_n of_o a_o shilling_n and_o another_o yet_o less_o of_o the_o exact_a weight_n and_o size_n of_o â—_o threepence_n the_o two_o great_a plate_n be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o fineness_n i_o suppose_v he_o will_v allow_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a value_n and_o that_o the_o two_o less_o join_v to_o either_o of_o they_o make_v it_o â…•_n more_o worth_a than_o the_o other_o be_v by_o itself_o they_o have_v all_o three_o together_o â…•_n more_o silver_n in_o they_o let_v we_o suppose_v then_o one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o the_o two_o less_o plate_n to_o have_v receive_v the_o next_o moment_n by_o miracle_n or_o
by_o the_o mill_n it_o matter_n not_o how_o the_o mark_n or_o stamp_v of_o our_o crown_n our_o shilling_n and_o our_o threepence_n can_v any_o body_n say_v that_o now_o they_o have_v get_v the_o stamp_n of_o our_o mint_n upon_o they_o they_o be_v so_o fall_v in_o value_n or_o the_o other_o unstamp_v piece_n so_o rise_v that_o that_o unstamp_v piece_n which_o a_o moment_n before_o be_v worth_a only_a one_o of_o the_o other_o piece_n be_v now_o worth_n they_o all_o three_o which_o be_v to_o say_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o uncoined_a silver_n be_v worth_a a_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o coin_v this_o be_v what_o man_n will_v persuade_v we_o when_o they_o say_v that_o bullion_n be_v raise_v to_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n of_o lawful_a money_n the_o ounce_n which_o i_o say_v be_v utter_o impossible_a let_v we_o consider_v this_o a_o little_a far_o in_o a_o other_o instance_n the_o present_a mill_v crown_n piece_n say_v they_o will_v not_o exchange_v for_o a_o once_o of_o bullion_n without_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o shilling_n and_o a_o threepence_n of_o weighty_a coin_n add_v to_o it_o coin_v but_o that_o crown_n piece_n into_o 6_o s._n and_o 3_o d._n and_o then_o they_o say_v it_o will_v buy_v a_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n or_o else_o they_o give_v up_o their_o reason_n and_o measure_n of_o raise_v the_o money_n do_v that_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o coin_v of_o a_o present_a mill_v crown_n piece_n â—nto_o 6_o s._n 3_o d._n viz._n call_v it_o 75_o penny_n and_o then_o also_o it_o must_v by_o this_o rule_n of_o raisingâ—ny_n â—ny_z a_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o selfsame_a milled_a crown_n piece_n will_n and_o will_v not_o exchange_v for_o a_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n call_v â—t_a 60_o penny_n and_o it_o will_v not_o the_o very_a next_o moment_n call_v it_o 75_o penny_n and_o it_o will_n i_o be_o afraid_a no_o body_n can_v think_v change_n of_o denomination_n have_v such_o a_o power_n mr._n lowndes_n support_v this_o his_o first_o reason_n with_o these_o word_n p._n 68_o this_o reason_n which_o i_o humble_o conceive_v will_v appear_v irrefragable_a be_v ground_v upon_o a_o truth_n so_o apparent_a that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o axiom_n even_o in_o mathematical_a reason_n to_o wit_n thâ—_n whensoever_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n in_o bullion_n the_o coin_n have_v and_o will_v be_v melt_v down_o this_o i_o think_v though_o it_o be_v allow_v mr._n lowndes_n for_o as_o apparent_a a_o truth_n and_o as_o certain_a a_o maxim_n as_o he_o can_v wish_v yet_o serveâ—_n not_o at_o all_o to_o his_o purpose_n of_o lessen_v thâ—_n coin_n for_o when_o the_o coin_n be_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o standard_n let_v thâ—_n standard_n be_v what_o it_o will_v weighty_a anâ—_n unclipe_v it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o value_n oâ—_n coin_v silver_n shall_v be_v less_o than_o the_o value_n or_o price_n of_o uncoined_a because_o as_o i_o hauâ—_n show_v the_o value_n and_o quantity_n of_o silveâ—_n be_v the_o same_o and_o where_o the_o quantity_n be_v equal_a the_o value_n be_v equal_a except_v only_o the_o odds_o that_o may_v be_v between_o bullion_n that_o may_v be_v free_o export_v and_o coin_v silver_n that_o may_v not_o the_o odds_o whereoâ—_n scarce_o ever_o amount_v to_o above_o 2_o d._n per_fw-la ounce_n and_o rare_o to_o above_o a_o penny_n or_o a_o halfpenny_n and_o this_o odds_o whatever_o it_o be_v will_v equal_o belong_v to_o his_o raise_v mill_v money_n which_o can_v be_v export_v as_o it_o will_v to_o our_o present_a milled_a money_n which_o can_v not_o be_v export_v as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v more_o particular_o here_o after_o all_o this_o disorder_n and_o a_o thousand_o other_o come_v from_o light_n and_o unlawful_a money_n be_v current_n for_o than_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o bullion_n shall_v be_v keep_v up_o to_o the_o value_n of_o your_o clip_a money_n that_o be_v that_o bullion_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o ounce_n for_o less_o than_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n when_o that_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n clip_a money_n pay_v for_o it_o do_v not_o weigh_v above_o a_o ounce_n this_o instance_n therefore_o of_o the_o present_a price_n of_o bullion_n prove_v nothing_o but_o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o money_n govern_v the_o value_n of_o it_o and_o not_o the_o denomination_n as_o appear_v when_o clip_v money_n be_v bring_v to_o buy_v bullion_n this_o be_v a_o fair_a trial_n silver_n be_v set_v against_o silver_n and_o by_o that_o be_v see_v whether_o clip_a money_n be_v of_o the_o same_o value_n with_o weighty_a of_o the_o same_o denomination_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o quanquantity_v of_o silver_n in_o it_o that_o regulate_v its_o value_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_v that_o mr._n lowndes_n a_o man_n so_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o law_n especial_o of_o the_o mint_n the_o exchequer_n and_o of_o our_o money_n shall_v all_o along_o in_o this_o argument_n speak_v of_o clip_a money_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n and_o shall_v propose_v by_o that_o which_o be_v in_o effect_n by_o the_o clipper_n shears_n to_o regulate_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o coin_n to_o be_v introduce_v into_o england_n and_o if_o he_o will_v stand_v to_o that_o measure_n and_o lessen_v the_o new_a coin_v to_o the_o rate_n of_o bullion_n sell_v in_o exchange_n for_o present_v current_a clip_a money_n to_o prevent_v its_o be_v melt_v down_o he_o must_v make_v it_o yet_o much_o light_a than_o he_o propose_v and_o the_o raise_n it_o or_o to_o give_v it_o its_o due_a name_n the_o lessen_v of_o it_o â…•_n will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o i_o will_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v that_o bullion_n now_o in_o england_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v buy_v by_o the_o ounce_n for_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n of_o our_o present_a current_n clip_v money_n so_o that_o if_o his_o rule_n be_v true_a and_o nothing_o can_v save_v the_o weighty_a coin_n from_o melt_v down_o but_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o weight_n that_o clip_a money_n be_v bring_v to_o he_o must_v lessen_v the_o money_n in_o his_o new_a coin_n much_o more_o than_o â…•_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o standard_n bullion_n will_v always_o be_v worth_a a_o ounce_n of_o clip_a money_n whether_o that_o in_o tale_n amount_v to_o 6_o s._n 5_o d._n 6_o s._n 6_o d._n ten_o shilling_n or_o any_o other_o number_n of_o shilling_n or_o penny_n of_o the_o nickname_v clip_a money_n for_o a_o piece_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v coin_v for_o a_o shilling_n but_o have_v half_o the_o silver_n clip_v off_o in_o the_o law_n and_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n be_v no_o more_o a_o shilling_n than_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v once_o a_o seal_a yard_n be_v still_o a_o yard_n when_o one_o half_a of_o it_o be_v break_v off_o let_v we_o consider_v this_o maxim_n a_o little_a further_o which_o out_o of_o the_o language_n of_o the_o mint_n in_o plain_a english_a i_o think_v amount_v to_o thus_o much_o viz._n that_o when_o a_o ounce_n of_o standard_n bullion_n cost_v a_o great_a number_n of_o penny_n in_o tale_n than_o a_o ounce_n of_o that_o bullion_n can_v be_v coin_v into_o by_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o coin_n will_v be_v melt_v down_o i_o grant_v it_o if_o bullion_n shall_v rise_v to_o 15_o penny_n the_o ounce_n above_o 5_o s._n 2_o d._n as_o be_v now_o pretend_a which_o be_v to_o say_v that_o a_o ounce_n of_o bullion_n can_v be_v buy_v for_o less_o than_o a_o ounce_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o like_a silver_n coin_v but_o that_o as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v impossible_a to_o be_v and_o every_o one_o will_v be_v convince_v of_o the_o contrary_a if_o we_o have_v none_o now_o but_o lawful_a money_n current_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o thing_n be_v confound_v and_o uncertain_a when_o the_o measure_n itself_o be_v lose_v for_o we_o have_v now_o no_o lawful_a silver_n money_n 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it_o will_v fall_v again_o to_o morrow_n to_o the_o price_n it_o be_v at_o before_o if_o there_o be_v none_o but_o weighty_a money_n to_o pay_v for_o it_o in_o short_a whenever_o the_o whole_a of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o consumption_n exceed_v our_o exportation_n of_o commodity_n our_o money_n must_v go_v to_o pay_v our_o debt_n so_o contract_v whether_o melt_v or_o not_o melt_v down_o if_o the_o law_n make_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o coin_n penal_a it_o will_v be_v melt_v down_o if_o it_o leave_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o coin_n free_a as_o in_o holland_n it_o will_v be_v carry_v out_o in_o specie_fw-la one_o way_n or_o other_o go_v it_o must_v as_o we_o see_v in_o spain_n but_o whether_o melt_v down_o or_o unmelted_a down_o it_o matter_n little_a our_o coin_n and_o treasure_n will_v be_v both_o way_n equal_o diminish_v and_o can_v be_v restore_v only_o by_o a_o overbalance_n of_o our_o whole_a exportation_n to_o our_o whole_a importation_n of_o consumable_a 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propose_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o old_a mill_v money_n proportionable_o i_o desire_v it_o to_o be_v show_v how_o this_o will_v hinder_v the_o exportation_n of_o one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n whilst_o our_o affair_n be_v in_o the_o present_a posture_n again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n suppose_v all_o our_o money_n be_v now_o mill_v coin_n upon_o the_o present_a foot_n and_o our_o balance_n of_o trade_n change_v our_o exportation_n of_o commodity_n be_v a_o million_o more_o than_o our_o importation_n and_o like_a to_o continue_v so_o yearly_a whereof_o one_o be_v to_o holland_n and_o the_o other_o to_o flanders_n there_o be_v a_o equal_a balance_n between_o england_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n we_o trade_n to_o i_o ask_v what_o possible_a gain_n can_v any_o english_a man_n make_v by_o melt_v down_o and_o carry_v out_o our_o money_n to_o holland_n and_o flanders_n when_o a_o million_o be_v to_o come_v thence_o hither_o and_o english_a man_n have_v more_o there_o already_o than_o they_o know_v how_o to_o use_v there_o and_o can_v not_o get_v home_o without_o pay_v dear_a there_o for_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o that_o be_v the_o case_n of_o our_o trade_n the_o exchange_n will_v present_o fall_v here_o and_o rise_v there_o beyond_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o their_o money_n to_o we_o i._n e._n a_o english_a merchant_n must_v give_v in_o holland_n more_o silver_n for_o the_o bill_n he_o buy_v there_o than_o he_o shall_v receive_v upon_o those_o bill_n here_o if_o the_o two_o sum_n be_v weigh_v one_o against_o the_o other_o or_o run_v the_o risk_a of_o bring_v it_o home_o in_o specie_fw-la and_o what_o then_o can_v any_o english_a man_n get_v by_o export_v of_o our_o money_n or_o silver_n thither_o these_o be_v the_o only_a
two_o case_n wherein_o our_o coin_n can_v be_v melt_v down_o with_o profit_n and_o i_o challenge_v any_o one_o live_v to_o show_v i_o any_o other_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v remove_v only_o by_o a_o regular_a just_a coin_n keep_v equal_a to_o the_o standard_n be_v that_o what_o it_o will_v it_o matter_n not_o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o melt_v down_o of_o the_o money_n the_o other_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v only_o by_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n keep_v from_o run_v we_o behindhand_o and_o contract_a debt_n in_o foreign_a country_n by_o a_o over-consumption_n of_o their_o commodity_n to_o those_o who_o say_v that_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n whether_o melt_v down_o or_o not_o melt_v down_o depend_v whole_o upon_o our_o consumption_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o not_o at_o all_o upon_o the_o size_n of_o the_o several_a species_n of_o our_o money_n which_o will_v be_v equal_o export_v or_o not_o export_v whether_o coin_v upon_o the_o old_a or_o the_o propose_v new_a foot_n mr._n lowndes_n reply_v p._n 72._o first_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o foreign_a expense_n and_o exportation_n to_o answer_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n may_v be_v diminish_v but_o can_v in_o any_o sense_n be_v augment_v by_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n i_o beg_v his_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o this_o because_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o exportation_n of_o money_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o debt_n which_o we_o contract_v in_o foreign_a part_n beyond_o what_o our_o commodity_n export_v can_v pay_v the_o coin_v our_o money_n in_o big_a or_o less_o piece_n under_o the_o same_o or_o different_a denomination_n or_o on_o the_o present_a or_o propose_a foot_n in_o itself_o neither_o increase_a those_o debt_n nor_o the_o expense_n that_o make_v they_o can_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n 2._o he_o reply_v p._n 72._o that_o melter_n of_o the_o coin_n will_v have_v less_o profit_n by_o fourteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n in_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o money_n be_v coin_v upon_o the_o new_a foot_n to_o this_o i_o take_v liberty_n to_o say_v that_o there_o will_v not_o be_v a_o farthing_n more_o profit_n in_o melt_v down_o the_o money_n if_o it_o be_v all_o new_a mill_v money_n upon_o the_o present_a foot_n than_o if_o it_o be_v all_o new_a coin_v as_o be_v propose_v â…•_n light_a for_o whence_o shall_v the_o profit_n arise_v more_o in_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o but_o mr._n lowndes_n go_v upon_o this_o supposition_n that_o standard_n bullion_n be_v now_o worth_a six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n a_o ounce_n of_o milled_a money_n and_o will_v continue_v to_o sell_v for_o six_o shilling_n five_o penny_n the_o ounce_n if_o our_o money_n be_v all_o weighty_a mill_v money_n both_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v mistake_n and_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v they_o to_o be_v so_o 3._o he_o say_v it_o be_v hope_v that_o the_o exchange_n to_o holland_n may_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o stand_n or_o at_o least_o from_o fall_v much_o low_a i_o hope_v so_o too_o but_o how_o that_o concern_v this_o argument_n or_o the_o coin_n of_o the_o money_n upon_o a_o new_a foot_n i_o do_v not_o see_v 4._o he_o say_v p._n 73._o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n with_o regard_n to_o the_o service_n and_o disservice_n of_o the_o public_a between_o carry_v out_o bullion_n or_o coin_n for_o necessary_a use_n or_o for_o prohibit_v commodity_n the_o gain_n to_o the_o exporter_n which_o be_v that_o which_o make_v they_o melt_v it_o down_o and_o export_v it_o be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o case_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o export_v it_o be_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v to_o pay_v debt_n which_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a necessity_n of_o pay_v when_o once_o contract_v though_o for_o useful_a thing_n they_o be_v the_o goldsmith_n and_o dealer_n in_o silver_n that_o usual_o export_v what_o silver_n be_v send_v beyond_o sea_n to_o pay_v the_o debt_n they_o have_v contract_v by_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o those_o dealer_n in_o exchange_n seldom_o know_v or_o consider_v how_o they_o to_o who_o they_o give_v their_o bill_n have_v or_o will_v employ_v the_o money_n they_o receive_v upon_o those_o bill_n prohibit_v commodity_n it_o be_v true_a shall_v be_v keep_v out_o and_o useless_a one_o impoverish_v we_o by_o be_v bring_v in_o but_o that_o be_v the_o fault_n of_o our_o importation_n and_o there_o the_o mischief_n shall_v be_v cure_v by_o law_n and_o our_o way_n of_o live_v for_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o treasure_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o importation_n but_o the_o consequence_n vanity_n and_o luxury_n spend_v they_o that_o give_v they_o vent_v here_o that_o vent_v cause_n their_o importation_n and_o when_o our_o merchant_n have_v bring_v they_o if_o our_o commodity_n will_v not_o be_v enough_o our_o money_n must_v go_v to_o pay_v for_o they_o but_o what_o this_o paragraph_n have_v in_o it_o against_o continue_v our_o coin_n upon_o the_o present_a foot_n or_o for_o make_v our_o coin_n light_a i_o confess_v here_o again_o i_o do_v not_o see_v it_o be_v true_a what_o mr._n lowndes_n observe_v here_o the_o importation_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o go_n of_o guineas_n at_o 30_o s._n have_v be_v a_o great_a prejudice_n and_o loss_n to_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o have_v be_v whole_o owe_v to_o our_o clip_a money_n and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o our_o money_n be_v coin_v at_o five_o shilling_n two_o penny_n the_o ounce_n nor_o be_v the_o coin_v our_o money_n light_a the_o cure_n of_o it_o the_o only_a remedy_n for_o that_o mischief_n as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a many_o other_o be_v the_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o pass_v of_o clip_a money_n by_o tale_n as_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a coin_n 5._o his_o five_o head_n p._n 74._o be_v to_o answer_v those_o who_o hold_v that_o by_o the_o lessen_v our_o money_n one_o five_o all_o people_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v money_n upon_o contract_n already_o make_v will_v be_v defraud_v of_o 20_o per._n cent._n of_o their_o due_n and_o thus_o all_o man_n will_v lose_v one_o five_o of_o their_o settle_a revenue_n and_o all_o man_n that_o have_v lend_v money_n â…•_n of_o their_o principal_a and_o use._n to_o remove_v this_o objection_n mr._n lowndes_n say_v that_o silver_n in_o england_n be_v grow_v scarce_o and_o consequent_o dear_a and_o so_o be_v of_o high_a price_n let_v we_o grant_v for_o the_o present_a it_o be_v of_o high_a price_n which_o how_o he_o make_v out_o i_o shall_v examine_v by_o and_o by_o this_o if_o it_o be_v so_o ought_v not_o to_o annul_v any_o man_n bargain_n nor_o make_v he_o receive_v less_o in_o quantity_n than_o he_o lend_v he_o be_v to_o receive_v again_o the_o same_o sum_n and_o the_o public_a authority_n be_v guarantee_n that_o the_o same_o sum_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n under_o the_o same_o denomination_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a why_o in_o justice_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n again_o notwithstanding_o any_o pretend_a rise_n of_o its_o value_n for_o if_o silver_n have_v grow_v more_o plentiful_a and_o by_o consequence_n by_o our_o author_n rule_v cheap_a his_o debtor_n will_v not_o have_v be_v compel_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n to_o have_v pay_v he_o in_o consideration_n of_o its_o cheapness_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n than_o they_o contract_v for_o cacao_n nut_n be_v the_o money_n of_o a_o part_n of_o america_n when_o we_o first_o come_v thither_o suppose_v than_o you_o have_v lend_v i_o last_o year_n 300_o or_o fifteen-score_n cacao_n nut_n to_o be_v repay_v this_o year_n will_v you_o be_v satisfy_v and_o think_v yourself_o pay_v your_o due_n if_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o cacao_n nut_n be_v scarce_o this_o year_n and_o that_o fourscore_o be_v of_o as_o much_o value_n this_o year_n as_o a_o hundred_o the_o last_o and_o that_o therefore_o you_o be_v well_o and_o full_o pay_v if_o i_o restore_v to_o you_o only_o 1200_o for_o the_o 1500_o i_o borrow_v will_v you_o not_o think_v yourself_o defraud_v of_o â…•_n of_o your_o right_n by_o such_o a_o payment_n nor_o will_v it_o make_v any_o amends_o for_o this_o to_o justice_n or_o reparation_n to_o you_o that_o the_o public_a have_v after_o your_o contract_n which_o be_v make_v for_o fifteen_o score_n alter_v the_o denomination_n of_o score_n and_o apply_v it_o to_o sixteen_o instead_o of_o twenty_o examine_v it_o and_o you_o will_v find_v this_o just_a the_o case_n and_o the_o loss_n proportionable_a in_o they_o both_o that_o be_v a_o real_a loss_n of_o 20_o per._n cent._n and_o therefore_o a_o man_n have_v right_o do_v he_o if_o he_o receive_v â…•_n less_o silver_n than_o his_o contract_n as_o to_o mr._n lowndes_n
proof_n that_o silver_n be_v now_o â…•_n more_o value_n than_o it_o be_v i_o fear_v none_o of_o they_o will_v reach_v mr._n lowndes_n point_n he_o say_v p._n 77_o by_o daily_a experience_n nineteen_o penny_n weight_n and_o three_o ten_o of_o a_o penny_n weight_n of_o sterling_a silver_n which_o be_v just_a the_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n will_v purchase_v more_o coin_v money_n than_o five_o unclipe_v shilling_n i_o wish_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o where_o this_o daily_a experience_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v to_o be_v find_v for_o i_o dare_v say_v no_o body_n have_v see_v a_o sum_n of_o unclipe_v shilling_n pay_v for_o bullion_n any_o where_o this_o twelve_o month_n to_o go_v no_o further_o back_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o wish_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o how_o much_o more_o than_o five_o lawful_a mill_v shilling_n bullion_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n will_v purchase_v if_o he_o have_v say_v it_o will_v purchase_v six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n weighty_a money_n he_o have_v prove_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n and_o whoever_o have_v the_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n in_o silver_n pay_v he_o in_o mr._n lowndes_n new_a coin_n instead_o of_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n of_o our_o present_a money_n have_v no_o injury_n do_v he_o if_o it_o will_v certain_o purchase_v he_o six_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n all_o unclipe_v of_o our_o present_a money_n but_o every_o one_o at_o first_o sight_n perceive_v this_o to_o be_v impossible_a as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o and_o i_o have_v in_o this_o the_o concurrence_n of_o mr._n lowndes_n new_a scheme_n to_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v so_o for_o p._n 62_o he_o propose_v that_o his_o silver_n unite_v have_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o a_o present_a unclipe_v crown_n piece_n shall_v go_v for_o 75_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o present_a shilling_n shall_v go_v for_o 15_o penny_n by_o which_o establishment_n there_o will_v be_v 75_o penny_n in_o his_o unite_v and_o 93_o penny_n three_o farthing_n in_o six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n weighty_a money_n of_o the_o present_a coin_n which_o be_v a_o undeniable_a confession_n that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a for_o his_o silver_n unite_v have_v no_o more_o silver_n in_o it_o than_o a_o present_a unclipe_v crown_n to_o be_v worth_a and_o so_o to_o purchase_v six_o unclipe_v shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n of_o our_o present_a money_n as_o it_o be_v for_o 75_o penny_n to_o be_v worth_a 93_o of_o the_o same_o penny_n or_o 75_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o 93._o if_o he_o mean_v by_o more_o that_o his_o sterling_a silver_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n will_v purchase_v a_o penny_n or_o two_o penny_n more_o than_o five_o unclipe_v shilling_n which_o be_v the_o most_o and_o which_o be_v but_o accidental_a too_o what_o be_v this_o rise_n of_o its_o value_n to_o 15_o penny_n and_o what_o amends_o will_v one_o 1_o 60_o a_o little_a more_o or_o less_o rise_v in_o value_n make_v for_o â…•_n diminish_v in_o weight_n and_o lose_v in_o the_o quantity_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o a_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o shall_v make_v amends_o for_o fifteen_o penny_n take_v away_o another_o way_n to_o recommend_v his_o new_a coin_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v receive_v it_o instead_o of_o the_o present_a weighty_a coin_n he_o tell_v he_o p._n 77._o it_o will_v pay_v as_o much_o debt_n and_o purchase_n as_o much_o commodity_n as_o our_o present_a money_n which_o be_v â…•_n heavy_a what_o he_o say_v of_o debt_n be_v true_a but_o yet_o i_o will_v have_v it_o well_o consider_v by_o our_o english_a gentleman_n that_o though_o creditor_n will_v lose_v â…•_n of_o their_o principal_a and_o use_v and_o landlord_n will_v lose_v â…•_n of_o their_o income_n yet_o the_o debtor_n and_o tenant_n will_v not_o get_v it_o it_o will_v be_v ask_v who_o then_o will_v get_v it_o these_o i_o say_v and_o those_o only_o who_o have_v great_a sum_n of_o weighty_a money_n whereof_o one_o fee_n not_o a_o piece_n now_o in_o payment_n hoard_v up_o by_o they_o will_v get_v by_o it_o to_o those_o by_o the_o propose_a change_n of_o our_o money_n will_v be_v a_o increase_n of_o â…•_n add_v to_o their_o riches_n pay_v out_o of_o the_o pocket_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o what_o these_o man_n receive_v for_o four_o shilling_n they_o will_v pay_v again_o for_o five_o this_o weighty_a money_n hoard_v up_o mr._n lowndes_n p._n 105_o compute_v at_o one_o million_o and_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n so_o that_o by_o raise_v our_o money_n one_o five_o there_o will_v three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n be_v give_v to_o those_o who_o have_v hoard_v up_o our_o weighty_a money_n which_o hoard_v up_o of_o money_n be_v think_v by_o many_o to_o have_v no_o other_o merit_n in_o it_o than_o the_o prejudice_a our_o trade_n and_o public_a affair_n and_o increase_v our_o necessity_n by_o keep_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o our_o money_n from_o come_v abroad_o at_o a_o time_n when_o there_o be_v so_o great_a need_n of_o it_o if_o the_o sum_n of_o unclipe_v money_n in_o the_o nation_n be_v as_o some_o suppose_v much_o great_a then_o there_o will_v by_o this_o contrivance_n of_o the_o raise_v our_o coin_n be_v give_v to_o these_o rich_a hoarder_n much_o above_o the_o aforesaid_a sum_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n of_o our_o present_a money_n no_o body_n else_o but_o these_o hoarder_n can_v get_v a_o farthing_n by_o this_o propose_a change_n of_o our_o coin_n unless_o man_n in_o debt_n have_v plate_n by_o they_o which_o they_o will_v coin_v to_o pay_v their_o debt_n those_o too_o i_o must_v confess_v will_v get_v one_o five_o by_o all_o the_o plate_n of_o their_o own_o which_o they_o shall_v coin_v and_o pay_v debt_n with_o value_v their_o plate_n at_o bullion_n but_o if_o they_o shall_v consider_v the_o fashion_n of_o their_o plate_n what_o that_o cost_n when_o they_o buy_v it_o and_o the_o fashion_n that_o new_a plate_n will_v cost_v they_o if_o they_o intend_v ever_o to_o have_v plate_n again_o they_o will_v find_v this_o one_o five_o seem_v present_a profit_n in_o coin_v their_o plate_n to_o pay_v their_o debt_n amount_v to_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o no_o body_n then_o but_o the_o hoarder_n will_v get_v by_o this_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o i_o challenge_v any_o one_o to_o show_v how_o any_o body_n else_o but_o that_o little_a in_o the_o case_n of_o plate_n coin_v to_o pay_v debt_n shall_v get_v a_o farthing_n by_o it_o it_o seem_v to_o promise_v fair_a to_o the_o debtor_n but_o to_o they_o too_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o nothing_o for_o he_o that_o take_v up_o money_n to_o pay_v his_o debt_n will_v receive_v this_o new_a money_n and_o pay_v it_o again_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n he_o receive_v it_o just_a as_o he_o do_v now_o our_o present_a coin_n without_o any_o profit_n at_o all_o and_o though_o commodity_n as_o be_v natural_a shall_v be_v raise_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o lessen_v of_o the_o money_n no_o body_n will_v get_v by_o that_o any_o more_o than_o they_o do_v now_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a only_o he_o that_o be_v bind_v up_o by_o contract_n to_o receive_v any_o sum_n under_o such_o a_o denomination_n of_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n will_v find_v his_o loss_n sensible_o when_o he_o go_v to_o buy_v commodity_n and_o make_v new_a bargain_n the_o market_n and_o the_o shop_n will_v soon_o convince_v he_o that_o his_o money_n which_o be_v one_o five_o light_a be_v also_o one_o five_o worse_n when_o he_o must_v pay_v twenty_o per._n cent._n more_o for_o all_o the_o commodity_n he_o buy_v with_o the_o money_n of_o the_o new_a foot_n than_o if_o he_o buy_v it_o with_o the_o present_a coin_n this_o mr._n lowndes_n himself_o will_v not_o deny_v when_o he_o call_v to_o mind_v what_o he_o himself_o speak_v of_o the_o inconvenience_n we_o suffer_v by_o our_o clip_a money_n say_v p._n 115._o person_n before_o they_o conclude_v in_o any_o bargain_n be_v necessitate_v first_o to_o settle_v the_o price_n or_o value_n of_o the_o very_a money_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v for_o their_o good_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o clip_a or_o bad_a money_n they_o set_v the_o price_n of_o their_o good_n according_o which_o i_o think_v have_v be_v one_o great_a cause_n of_o raise_v the_o price_n not_o only_o of_o merchandize_n but_o even_o of_o edible_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o common_a people_n to_o their_o great_a grievance_n that_o every_o one_o who_o receive_v money_n after_o the_o raise_n our_o money_n on_o contract_n make_v before_o the_o change_n must_v lose_v twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n in_o all_o he_o shall_v buy_v be_v
demonstration_n by_o mr._n lowndes_n own_o scheme_n mr._n lowndes_n propose_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v shilling_n coin_v upon_o the_o new_a foot_n â…•_n light_a than_o our_o present_a shilling_n which_o shall_v go_v for_o 12_o penny_n apiece_o and_o that_o the_o unclipe_v shilling_n of_o the_o present_a coin_n shall_v go_v for_o fifteen_o penny_n apiece_o and_o the_o crown_n for_o seventy_o five_o penny_n a_o man_n who_o have_v a_o debt_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n owe_v he_o upon_o bond_n or_o lease_n receive_v it_o in_o these_o new_a shilling_n instead_o of_o lawful_a money_n of_o the_o present_a standard_n he_o go_v to_o market_n with_o twenty_o shilling_n in_o one_o pocket_n of_o this_o new_a money_n which_o be_v value_v at_o 240_o penny_n and_o in_o the_o other_o pocket_n with_o four_o milled_a crown_n piece_n or_o 20_o milled_a shilling_n of_o the_o present_a coin_n which_o be_v value_v at_o three_o hundred_o penny_n which_o be_v one_o five_o more_o it_o be_v demonstration_n then_o that_o he_o lose_v one_o five_o or_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n in_o all_o that_o he_o buy_v by_o the_o receipt_n of_o this_o new_a money_n for_o the_o present_a coin_n which_o be_v his_o due_n unless_o those_o he_o deal_v with_o will_v take_v four_o for_o five_o penny_n or_o four_o shilling_n for_o five_o shilling_n he_o buy_v for_o example_n a_o quart_n of_o oil_n for_o fifteen_o penny_n if_o he_o pay_v for_o it_o with_o the_o old_a money_n in_o one_o pocket_n one_o shilling_n will_v do_v it_o if_o with_o the_o new_a money_n in_o the_o other_o he_o must_v add_v three_o penny_n to_o it_o or_o a_o quarter_n of_o another_o shilling_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o he_o pay_v for_o with_o either_o the_o old_a money_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v receive_v his_o debt_n in_o or_o with_o the_o new_a which_o he_o be_v force_v to_o receive_v for_o it_o thus_o far_o it_o be_v demonstration_n he_o lose_v twenty_n per_fw-la cent._n by_o receive_v his_o debt_n in_o a_o new_a money_n thus_o raise_v when_o he_o use_v it_o to_o buy_v any_o thing_n but_o to_o make_v he_o amends_o mr._n lowndes_n tell_v he_o silver_n be_v now_o dear_a and_o all_o thing_n consequent_o will_v be_v buy_v cheap_a twenty_n per_fw-la cent._n i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v no_o demonstration_n of_o that_o nor_o appearance_n of_o it_o yet_o and_o if_o i_o may_v credit_v housekeeper_n and_o substantial_a tradesman_n all_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o commodity_n be_v late_o rise_v excessive_o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o scarcity_n of_o silver_n begin_v to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o clip_a money_n every_o one_o sell_v their_o commodity_n so_o as_o to_o make_v themselves_o amend_v in_o the_o number_n of_o light_a piece_n for_o what_o they_o want_v in_o weight_n a_o creditor_n ought_v to_o think_v the_o new_a light_a money_n equivalent_a to_o the_o present_a heavy_a because_o it_o will_v buy_v as_o much_o commodity_n but_o what_o if_o it_o shall_v fail_v as_o it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o but_o it_o will_v what_o security_n have_v he_o for_o it_o he_o be_v tell_v so_o and_o he_o must_v be_v satisfy_v the_o salt_n wine_n oil_n silk_n naval_a stores_n and_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v none_o of_o they_o be_v sell_v we_o by_o foreigner_n for_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o silver_n than_o before_o because_o we_o have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o more_o peace_n to_o it_o be_v i_o think_v demonstration_n all_o our_o name_n if_o they_o be_v any_o more_o to_o we_o be_v to_o they_o but_o bare_a sound_n and_o our_o coin_n as_o they_o to_o we_o but_o mere_a bullion_n value_v only_o by_o its_o weight_n and_o a_o suede_n will_v no_o more_o sell_v you_o his_o hemp_n and_o pitch_n or_o a_o spaniard_n his_o oil_n for_o less_o silver_n because_o you_o tell_v he_o silver_n be_v scarce_a now_o in_o england_n and_o therefore_o rise_v in_o value_n one_o five_o than_o a_o tradesman_n of_o london_n will_v sell_v his_o commodity_n cheap_a to_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n because_o they_o be_v grow_v poor_a and_o money_n be_v scarce_o there_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n must_v be_v shut_v out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o will_v fall_v to_o comply_v with_o our_o raise_v our_o money_n corn_n also_o it_o be_v evident_a do_v not_o rise_v or_o fall_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o more_o or_o less_o plenty_n of_o money_n but_o by_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n that_o god_n give_v for_o our_o money_n in_o appearance_n remain_v the_o same_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n be_v double_a one_o year_n to_o what_o it_o be_v the_o precedent_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v certain_o make_v account_n that_o since_o the_o money_n be_v one_o five_o light_a it_o will_v buy_v one_o five_o less_o corn_n communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a expense_n of_o the_o poor_a that_o take_v up_o almost_o all_o their_o earning_n if_o corn_n be_v communibus_fw-la annis_fw-la sell_v for_o one_o five_o more_o money_n in_o tale_n than_o before_o the_o change_n of_o our_o money_n they_o too_o must_v have_v one_o five_o more_o in_o tale_n of_o the_o new_a money_n for_o their_o wage_n than_o they_o have_v now_o and_o the_o day-labourer_n must_v have_v not_o only_o twelve_o but_o fifteen_o penny_n of_o the_o new_a money_n a_o day_n which_o be_v the_o present_a shilling_n that_o he_o have_v now_o or_o else_o he_o can_v live_v so_o that_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o corn_n and_o labour_n keep_v up_o their_o value_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n they_o sell_v for_o now_o and_o not_o comply_v in_o the_o fall_n of_o their_o real_a price_n with_o the_o nominal_a raise_n of_o our_o money_n there_o be_v not_o much_o leave_v wherein_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n be_v to_o expect_v the_o recompense_n of_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n abatement_n of_o price_n in_o commodity_n to_o make_v up_o their_o loss_n in_o the_o lightness_n of_o our_o money_n they_o be_v pay_v their_o rent_n and_o debt_n in_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o show_v the_o same_o thing_n concern_v our_o other_o native_a commodity_n and_o make_v it_o clear_a that_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o expect_v they_o shall_v abate_v of_o their_o present_a price_n any_o more_o than_o corn_n and_o labour_n but_o this_o be_v enough_o and_o any_o one_o who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o may_v trace_v the_o rest_n at_o his_o leisure_n and_o thus_o i_o fear_v the_o hope_n of_o cheap_a pennyworth_n which_o may_v beguile_v some_o man_n into_o a_o belief_n that_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n will_v receive_v no_o less_o by_o the_o propose_v new_a money_n be_v quite_o vanish_v but_o if_o the_o promise_n of_o better_a pennyworth_n and_o a_o fall_n of_o all_o commodity_n twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n shall_v hold_v true_a this_o will_v not_o at_o all_o relieve_v creditor_n and_o landlord_n and_o set_v they_o on_o equal_a term_n with_o their_o neighbour_n because_o the_o cheap_a pennyworth_n will_v not_o be_v for_o they_o alone_o but_o every_o body_n else_o as_o well_o as_o they_o will_v share_v in_o that_o advantage_n so_o that_o their_o silver_n be_v diminish_v one_o five_o in_o their_o rent_n and_o debt_n which_o be_v pay_v they_o they_o will_v still_o be_v twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a loser_n than_o their_o unhoard_a neighbour_n and_o forty_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a loser_n than_o the_o hoarâ—ers_n of_o money_n who_o will_v certain_o get_v twenty_o per_fw-mi cent._n in_o the_o money_n whatever_o happen_v in_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n and_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n more_o in_o the_o cheapness_n of_o commodity_n if_o that_o promise_a recompense_n be_v make_v good_a to_o creditor_n and_o landlord_n for_o the_o hoarder_n of_o money_n if_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n fall_v will_v buy_v as_o cheap_a as_o they_o so_o that_o what_o ever_o be_v say_v of_o the_o cheapness_n of_o commodity_n it_o be_v demonstration_n whether_o that_o prove_v true_a or_o no_o that_o creditor_n and_o landlord_n and_o all_o those_o who_o be_v to_o receive_v money_n upon_o bargain_n make_v before_o the_o propose_a change_n of_o our_o coin_n will_v unavoidable_o lose_v twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n one_o thing_n mr._n lowndes_n say_v in_o this_o paragraph_n very_o remarkable_a which_o i_o think_v decide_v the_o question_n his_o word_n p._n 78._o be_v these_o that_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n by_o a_o extrinsic_a denomination_n be_v raise_v above_o the_o value_n or_o market_n price_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n reduce_v to_o bullion_n the_o subject_n will_v be_v proportionable_o injure_v and_o defraud_v as_o they_o be_v former_o in_o the_o case_n of_o base_a money_n coin_v by_o public_a authority_n it_o remain_v therefore_o only_o to_o show_v that_o the_o market-price_n of_o standard_n bullion_n be_v not_o one_o five_o above_o our_o
have_v be_v coin_v ten_o time_n as_o big_a as_o the_o penny_n and_o the_o crown_n ten_o time_n as_o big_a as_o the_o shilling_n whereby_o the_o shilling_n will_v have_v have_v but_o ten_o penny_n in_o it_o and_o the_o crown_n a_o hundred_o but_o this_o however_o order_v alter_v not_o one_o jot_n the_o value_n of_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n any_o more_o than_o it_o do_v its_o weight_n this_o raise_n be_v but_o give_v of_o name_n at_o pleasure_n to_o aliquot_fw-la part_n of_o any_o piece_n viz._n that_o now_o the_o sixty_v part_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n shall_v be_v call_v a_o penny_n and_o to_o morrow_n that_o the_o seventy_o five_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n shall_v be_v call_v a_o penny_n may_v be_v do_v with_o what_o increase_n you_o please_v and_o thus_o it_o may_v be_v order_v by_o a_o proclamation_n that_o a_o shilling_n shall_v go_v for_o twenty_o four_o penny_n a_o half-crown_n for_o sixty_o instead_o of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n but_o that_o a_o half-crown_n shall_v be_v worth_a or_o contain_v sixty_o such_o penny_n as_o the_o penny_n be_v before_o this_o change_n of_o denomination_n be_v make_v that_o no_o power_n on_o earth_n can_v do_v nor_o can_v any_o power_n but_o that_o which_o can_v make_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n raise_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n thus_o double_a in_o respect_n of_o other_o commodity_n and_o make_v that_o the_o same_o piece_n or_o quantity_n of_o silver_n under_o a_o double_a denomination_n shall_v purchase_v double_a the_o quantity_n of_o pepper_n wine_n or_o lead_n a_o instant_n after_o such_o proclamation_n to_o what_o it_o will_v do_v a_o instant_n before_o if_o this_o can_v be_v we_o may_v as_o every_o one_o see_v raise_v silver_n to_o the_o value_n of_o gold_n and_o make_v ourselves_o as_o rich_a as_o we_o please_v but_o it_o be_v but_o go_v to_o market_n with_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o penny_n to_o be_v convince_v that_o it_o will_v purchase_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n of_o sixty_o penny_n and_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o piece_n will_v as_o soon_o purchase_v more_o commodity_n as_o its_o change_n of_o denomination_n and_o the_o multiply_v name_n of_o penny_n when_o it_o be_v call_v six_o score_n instead_o of_o sixty_o it_o be_v propose_v that_o the_o twelve_o penny_n shall_v be_v raise_v to_o fifteen_o penny_n and_o the_o crown_n to_o seventy_o five_o penny_n and_o so_o proportionable_o of_o the_o rest_n but_o yet_o that_o the_o pound_n sterling_n shall_v not_o be_v raise_v if_o there_o be_v any_o advantage_n in_o raise_v why_o shall_v not_o that_o be_v raise_v too_o and_o as_o the_o crown_n piece_n be_v raise_v from_o sixty_o to_o seventy_o five_o penny_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o pound_n sterling_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n from_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o penny_n to_o three_o hundred_o penny_n far_o if_o this_o raise_n our_o coin_n can_v so_o stretch_v our_o money_n and_o enlarge_v our_o pare_v remainder_n of_o it_o as_o to_o make_v it_o more_o commensurate_a to_o the_o general_a need_n thereof_o for_o carry_v on_o the_o common_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o to_o answer_v occasion_n require_v a_o large_a supply_n of_o money_n as_o mr._n lowndes_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o three_o reason_n p._n 83_o why_o be_v we_o so_o niggardly_a to_o ourselves_o in_o this_o time_n of_o occasion_n as_o to_o stop_v at_o one_o five_o why_o do_v we_o not_o raise_v it_o one_o full_a moiety_n and_o thereby_o double_a our_o money_n if_o mr._n lowndes_n rule_n p._n 78_o that_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n shall_v be_v raise_v above_o the_o market_n price_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n reduce_v to_o bullion_n the_o subject_n will_v be_v proportionable_o injure_v and_o defraud_v must_v keep_v we_o from_o this_o advantage_n and_o the_o public_a care_n of_o justice_n stop_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o money_n at_o one_o five_o because_o if_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v beyond_o the_o market-price_n of_o bullion_n it_o will_v be_v so_o much_o defraud_v of_o the_o subject_a i_o then_o say_v it_o must_v not_o be_v raise_v one_o five_o nor_o half_a one_o five_o that_o be_v it_o must_v not_o be_v raise_v fifteen_o penny_n in_o the_o crown_n no_o nor_o five_o penny_n for_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o market-price_n of_o standard_n bullion_n ever_o be_v or_o ever_o can_v be_v five_o shilling_n seven_o penny_n of_o lawful_a weighty_a money_n the_o ounce_n so_o that_o if_o our_o present_a milled_a money_n be_v raise_v one_o five_o the_o subject_n will_v by_o mr._n lowndes_n rule_n be_v defraud_v sixteen_o per_fw-la cent._n nay_o above_o eighteen_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o the_o market-price_n of_o standard_n bullion_n be_v ordinary_o under_o five_o shilling_n four_o penny_n the_o ounce_n when_o sell_v for_o weighty_a money_n which_o be_v but_o one_o thirty_o whatever_o our_o present_a milled_a money_n be_v raise_v above_o one_o thirty_o it_o be_v by_o mr._n lowndes_n rule_n so_o much_o defraud_v the_o subject_a for_o the_o market-price_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o so_o of_o bullion_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o its_o ordinary_a rate_n all_o the_o year_n round_o and_o not_o from_o the_o extraordinary_a rise_n of_o two_o or_o three_o market-day_n in_o a_o year_n and_o that_o the_o market-price_n of_o standard_n silver_n be_v not_o find_v nor_o pretend_v to_o be_v above_o five_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n the_o ounce_n before_o clipe_v have_v leave_v none_o but_o light_n run_v cash_n to_o pay_v for_o bullion_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v evident_a from_o a_o paper_n then_o publish_v which_o i_o take_v the_o liberty_n to_o examine_v in_o my_o consideration_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o money_n etc._n etc._n print_v 1692._o the_o author_n of_o that_o paper_n it_o be_v manifest_a be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n nor_o have_v a_o design_n to_o lessen_v its_o rate_n set_v down_o the_o high_a price_n it_o then_o bear_v if_o then_o mr._n lowndes_n rule_n of_o justice_n and_o care_n of_o the_o subject_a be_v to_o regulate_v the_o rise_n of_o our_o milled_a money_n it_o must_v not_o be_v raise_v above_o one_o thirty_o part_n if_o the_o advantage_n he_o promise_v of_o make_v our_o money_n by_o raise_v it_o one_o five_o more_o commensurate_a to_o the_o general_a need_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v hold_v on_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o further_o and_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o commensurate_a to_o the_o general_a need_n there_o be_v of_o it_o which_o ever_o of_o the_o two_o mr._n lowndes_n will_v prefer_v either_o reason_n of_o state_n or_o rule_v of_o justice_n one_o fifth_z must_v not_o be_v his_o measure_n of_o raise_v our_o present_a milled_a money_n if_o the_o advantage_n of_o make_v our_o money_n more_o proportionate_a to_o our_o trade_n and_o other_o necessity_n be_v to_o govern_v its_o propose_a raise_v every_o one_o will_v cry_v out_o to_o mr._n lowndes_n if_o your_o way_n will_v do_v what_o you_o say_v the_o raise_v it_o one_o half_a will_v be_v much_o better_a than_o one_o five_o and_o therefore_o pray_v let_v a_o half-crown_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o crown_n and_o a_o sixpence_n to_o a_o shilling_n if_o equity_n and_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o subject_n property_n ought_v to_o govern_v in_o the_o case_n you_o must_v not_o raise_v our_o milled_a crown_n to_o above_o five_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n if_o it_o here_o be_v say_v to_o i_o that_o i_o do_v then_o allow_v that_o our_o money_n may_v be_v raise_v one_o thirty_o i._o e._n that_o the_o crown_n piece_n shall_v be_v raise_v to_o five_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n and_o so_o proportionable_o of_o the_o other_o species_n of_o our_o coin_n i_o answer_v he_o that_o infer_v so_o make_v his_o inference_n a_o little_a too_o quick_a but_o let_v we_o for_o once_o allow_v the_o ordinary_a price_n of_o standard_n silver_n to_o be_v five_o shilling_n four_o penny_n the_o ounce_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o in_o weighty_a coin_n for_o that_o must_v always_o be_v remember_v when_o we_o talk_v of_o the_o rate_n of_o bullion_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n of_o bullion_n be_v the_o just_a measure_n of_o raise_v our_o money_n this_o i_o say_v be_v no_o reason_n for_o the_o raise_v our_o milled_a crown_n now_o to_o five_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o recoin_v all_o our_o clip_a money_n upon_o that_o foot_n unless_o we_o intend_v as_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v do_v to_o new_o raise_v and_o coin_v it_o again_o for_o whilst_o our_o trade_n and_o affair_n abroad_o require_v the_o exportation_n of_o silver_n and_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o coin_v silver_n be_v
that_o in_o past_a age_n have_v be_v practise_v not_o only_o in_o our_o mint_n but_o in_o the_o mint_n of_o all_o politic_a government_n namely_o to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n to_o promote_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mint_n as_o i_o remember_v suitable_a to_o this_o policy_n of_o the_o mint_n there_o be_v some_o two_o year_n since_o a_o complaint_n of_o a_o worthy_a gentleman_n not_o ignorant_a of_o it_o that_o the_o mill_n in_o the_o mint_n stand_v still_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o proposal_n offer_v for_o bring_v grist_n to_o the_o mill._n the_o business_n of_o money_n as_o in_o all_o time_n even_o in_o this_o our_o quick-sighted_a age_n have_v be_v think_v a_o mystery_n those_o employ_v in_o the_o mint_n must_v by_o their_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o penetrate_v deep_a into_o it_o it_o be_v no_o impossible_a thing_n then_o to_o imagine_v that_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a in_o the_o ignorance_n of_o past_a age_n when_o money_n be_v little_a and_o skill_n in_o the_o turn_v of_o trade_n less_o for_o those_o verse_v in_o the_o business_n and_o policy_n of_o the_o mint_n to_o persuade_v a_o prince_n especial_o if_o money_n be_v scarce_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o that_o the_o way_n to_o increase_v the_o plenty_n of_o money_n be_v to_o raise_v a_o well_o sound_a word_n the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n this_o can_v not_o but_o be_v willing_o enough_o hearken_v to_o when_o beside_o the_o hope_n of_o draw_v a_o increase_n of_o silver_n into_o the_o realm_n it_o bring_v present_a gain_n by_o the_o part_n which_o the_o king_n get_v of_o the_o money_n which_o be_v hereupon_o all_o coin_v anew_o and_o the_o mint_n officer_n lose_v nothing_o since_o it_o promote_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mint_n this_o opinion_n mr._n lowndes_n himself_o give_v sufficient_a ground_n for_o in_o his_o book_n particular_o p._n 29._o where_o we_o read_v these_o word_n although_o the_o former_a debasement_n of_o the_o coin_n by_o public_a authority_n especial_o those_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n viii_o and_o king_n edward_n vi._n may_v be_v project_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o projector_n may_v measure_v that_o profit_n by_o the_o excessive_a quantity_n of_o alloy_n that_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o silver_n and_o the_o gold_n and_o let_v i_o add_v or_o by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n lessen_v in_o each_o species_n which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o though_o this_o be_v enterprise_v by_o a_o prince_n who_o can_v stretch_v his_o prerogative_n very_o far_o upon_o his_o people_n and_o be_v do_v in_o time_n when_o the_o nation_n have_v very_o little_a commerce_n inland_a or_o foreign_a to_o be_v injure_v and_o prejudice_v thereby_o yet_o experience_v present_o show_v that_o the_o projector_n be_v mistake_v and_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o base_a money_n reform_v this_o at_o least_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o that_o they_o bring_v work_n to_o the_o mint_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o money_n coin_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o seigniorage_n in_o both_o which_o there_o be_v profit_n mr._n lowndes_n tell_v we_o p._n 44._o that_o henry_n viii_o have_v to_o the_o value_n of_o fifty_o shilling_n for_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n coin_v i_o have_v meet_v with_o it_o somewhere_o that_o former_o the_o king_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v for_o coinage_n i_o know_v not_o too_o but_o the_o flatter_a name_n of_o raise_v money_n may_v prevail_v then_o as_o it_o do_v now_o and_o impose_v so_o far_o on_o they_o as_o to_o make_v they_o think_v the_o raise_n i._n e._n diminish_v the_o silver_n in_o their_o coin_n will_v bring_v it_o into_o the_o realm_n or_o stay_v it_o here_o when_o they_o find_v it_o go_v out_o for_o if_o we_o may_v guess_v at_o the_o other_o by_z henry_n viii_n raise_v it_o be_v probable_o when_o by_o reason_n of_o expense_n in_o foreign_a war_n or_o ill_o manage_v trade_n they_o find_v money_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o the_o have_v the_o species_n of_o our_o coin_n one_o five_o big_a or_o one_o five_o less_o than_o they_o be_v at_o present_a will_v be_v neither_o good_a nor_o harm_n to_o england_n if_o they_o have_v always_o be_v so_o our_o standard_n have_v continue_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n just_a as_o it_o be_v now_o for_o very_a near_o this_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v and_o those_o who_o think_v the_o denomination_n and_o size_n of_o our_o money_n have_v any_o influence_n on_o the_o state_n of_o our_o wealth_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o change_v the_o present_a standard_n of_o our_o coin_n since_o under_o that_o we_o have_v have_v a_o great_a increase_n and_o long_a continuance_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n than_o perhaps_o any_o other_o country_n can_v show_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o a_o little_o big_a or_o less_o size_n of_o the_o piece_n coin_v be_v of_o any_o moment_n one_o be_v or_o other_o the_o species_n of_o money_n in_o any_o country_n of_o whatsoever_o size_n fit_a for_o coin_v if_o their_o proportion_n to_o one_o another_o be_v suit_v to_o arithmetic_n and_o calculation_n in_o whole_a number_n and_o the_o way_n of_o account_n in_o that_o country_n adapt_v to_o small_a payment_n and_o careful_o keep_v to_o their_o just_a weight_n and_o fineness_n can_v have_v no_o harm_n in_o they_o the_o harm_n come_v by_o the_o change_n which_o unreasonable_o and_o unjust_o give_v away_o and_o transfer_v man_n property_n disorder_n trade_n puzzle_v account_n and_o needs_o a_o new_a arithmetic_n to_o cast_v up_o reckon_n and_o keep_v account_n in_o beside_o a_o thousand_o other_o inconvenience_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o charge_n of_o recoin_v the_o money_n for_o this_o may_v be_v depend_v on_o that_o if_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v as_o be_v propose_v it_o will_v enforce_v the_o recoin_n of_o all_o our_o money_n both_o old_a and_o new_a except_o the_o new_a shilling_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a difficulty_n and_o confusion_n there_o will_v be_v in_o keep_v account_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n as_o they_o must_v be_v when_o the_o species_n of_o our_o money_n be_v so_o order_v as_o not_o to_o answer_v those_o denomination_n in_o round_a number_n this_o consideration_n lead_v i_o to_o mr._n lowndes_n five_o and_o six_o reason_n p._n 85._o wherein_o he_o recommend_v the_o raise_v our_o money_n in_o the_o proportion_n propose_v for_o its_o convenience_n to_o our_o account_v by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o for_o obviate_a perplexity_n among_o the_o common_a people_n he_o propose_v the_o present_a weigthy_a crown_n to_o go_v at_o six_o shilling_n three_o penny_n and_o the_o new_a sceptre_n or_o unite_v to_o be_v coin_v of_o the_o same_o weight_n to_o go_v at_o the_o same_o rate_n and_o half-crown_n half-scepter_n or_o half-unites_a of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o present_a half-erown_a to_o go_v for_o two_o shilling_n seven_o penny_n halfpenny_n by_o no_o number_n of_o which_o piece_n can_v there_o be_v make_v a_o even_a pound_n sterling_n or_o any_o number_n of_o even_a shilling_n under_o a_o pound_n but_o they_o always_o fall_v into_o fraction_n of_o pound_n and_o shilling_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o this_o follow_a table_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n 1_o crown_n or_o sceptre_n piece_n  _fw-fr 6_o 3_o 2_o crown_n piece_n  _fw-fr 12_o 6_o 3_o crown_v piece_n  _fw-fr 18_o 9_o 4_o crown_n piece_n 1_o 5_o  _fw-fr 1_o half-crown_n piece_n  _fw-fr 2_o 7_o ½_o 3_o half-crown_n piece_v  _fw-fr 8_o 10_o ½_o 5_o half-crown_n piece_v  _fw-fr 15_o 1_o ½_o 7_o half-crown_n 1_o 1_o 4_o ½_o the_o present_a shilling_n and_o new_a testoon_n go_v for_o 15._o penny_n no_o number_n of_o they_o make_v any_o number_n of_o even_a shilling_n but_o five_o shilling_n ten_o shilling_n fifteen_o shilling_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n but_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n they_o always_o fall_v into_o fraction_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o present_a six-pence_n and_o future_a half_a testoon_n go_v for_o seven_o penny_n halfpenny_n the_o quarter_n testoon_n which_o be_v to_o go_v for_o three_o penny_n three_o farthing_n and_o the_o gross_a and_o groat_n which_o be_v to_o go_v for_o five_o penny_n the_o half_a gross_a or_o groat_n which_o be_v to_o go_v for_o two_o penny_n half_a penny_n and_o the_o prime_n which_o be_v to_o go_v for_o a_o penny_n farthing_n out_o of_o any_o tale_n of_o each_o of_o which_o species_n there_o can_v no_o just_a number_n of_o shilling_n be_v make_v as_o i_o think_v but_o five_o shilling_n ten_o shilling_n fifteen_o shilling_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n but_o they_o always_o fall_v into_o fraction_n the_o new_a intend_a shilling_n alone_o seem_v to_o be_v suit_v to_o our_o account_v in_o pound_n
a_o guinea_n have_v two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o grain_n standard_n silver_n for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o grain_n of_o gold_n i._n e._n twenty_o one_o and_o a_o half_a for_o one_o but_o the_o current_n cash_n be_v upon_o trial_n make_v about_o midsummer_n last_o compute_v by_o mr._n lowndes_n p._n 108._o to_o want_v half_a its_o standard_n weight_n and_o not_o be_v mend_v since_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o who_o receive_v thirty_o shilling_n of_o our_o present_a clip_a money_n for_o a_o guinea_n have_v but_o one_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o grain_n of_o standard_n silver_n for_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o grain_n of_o gold_n i._n e._n have_v but_o ten_o and_o three_o quarter_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o of_o gold_n i_o have_v leave_v out_o the_o utmost_a precision_n of_o fraction_n in_o these_o computation_n as_o not_o necessary_a in_o the_o present_a case_n these_o whole_a number_n show_v well_o enough_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o value_n of_o guineas_n at_o those_o several_a rate_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o i_o here_o assert_v viz._n that_o he_o who_o receive_v 30_o shilling_n in_o our_o current_a clip_a money_n for_o a_o guinea_n receive_v not_o eleven_o grain_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o of_o gold_n whereas_o the_o value_n of_o gold_n to_o silver_n in_o all_o our_o neighbour_a country_n be_v about_o fifteen_o to_o one_o which_o be_v about_o a_o three_o part_n more_o it_o will_v probable_o be_v demand_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o foreigner_n or_o other_o import_v gold_n when_o they_o do_v not_o receive_v as_o much_o silver_n for_o it_o here_o as_o they_o may_v have_v in_o all_o other_o country_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v visible_o this_o that_o they_o exchange_v it_o not_o here_o for_o silver_n but_o for_o our_o commodity_n and_o our_o bargain_n for_o commodity_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o contract_v be_v make_v in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n our_o clip_a money_n retain_v among_o the_o people_n who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o count_v but_o by_o current_a money_n a_o part_n of_o its_o legal_a value_n whilst_o it_o pass_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o legal_a contract_n as_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a money_n as_o long_o as_o the_o king_n receive_v it_o for_o his_o tax_n and_o the_o landlord_n for_o his_o rent_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n the_o farmer_n and_o tenent_n shall_v receive_v it_o for_o his_o commodity_n and_o this_o perhaps_o will_v do_v well_o enough_o if_o our_o money_n and_o trade_n be_v to_o circulate_v only_o among_o ourselves_o and_o we_o have_v no_o commerce_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o need_v it_o not_o but_o here_o lie_v the_o loss_n when_o foreigner_n shall_v bring_v over_o gold_n hither_o and_o with_o that_o pay_n for_o our_o commodity_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o thirty_o shilling_n the_o guinea_n when_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o gold_n that_o be_v in_o a_o guinea_n be_v not_o beyond_o sea_n worth_n more_o silver_n than_o be_v in_o twenty_o or_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o six_o penny_n of_o our_o milled_a and_o lawful_a money_n by_o which_o way_n of_o pay_v for_o our_o commodity_n england_n lose_v near_o one_o three_o of_o the_o value_n of_o all_o the_o commodity_n it_o thus_o sell_v and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o foreigner_n pay_v for_o they_o in_o money_n coin_v and_o clip_v beyond_o sea_n wherein_o be_v one_o three_o less_o silver_n than_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o thus_o we_o lose_v near_o one_o three_o in_o all_o our_o exportation_n whilst_o foreign_a gold_n import_v be_v receive_v in_o payment_n for_o thirty_o shilling_n a_o guinea_n to_o make_v this_o appear_v we_o need_v but_o trace_v this_o way_n of_o commerce_n a_o little_a and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o loss_n we_o suffer_v by_o it_o let_v we_o suppose_v for_o example_n a_o bale_n of_o holland_n linen_n worth_n there_o one_o hundred_o &_o eighty_o ounce_n of_o our_o standard_n silver_n and_o a_o bale_n of_o serge_n here_o worth_a also_o the_o same_o weight_n of_o one_o hundred_o eighty_o ounce_n of_o the_o same_o standard_n silver_n it_o be_v evident_a these_o two_o bales_n be_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o value_n mr._n lowndes_n tell_v we_o p._n 88_o that_o at_o this_o time_n the_o gold_n that_o be_v in_o a_o guinea_n if_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o spain_n italy_n barbary_n and_o some_o other_o place_n will_v not_o purchase_v so_o much_o silver_n there_o as_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o twenty_o of_o our_o shilling_n i._n e._n will_v be_v in_o value_n there_o to_o silver_n scarce_o as_o one_o to_o fourteen_o and_o a_o half_a and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o gold_n in_o holland_n be_v or_o late_o be_v as_o one_o to_o fifteen_o or_o not_o much_o above_o take_v then_o standard_n gold_n in_o holland_n to_o be_v in_o proportion_n to_o standard_n silver_n as_o one_o to_o about_o fifteen_o or_o a_o little_a more_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o our_o standard_n gold_n or_o as_o much_o gold_n as_o be_v in_o forty-four_a guineas_fw-la and_o a_o half_a must_v be_v give_v for_o that_o bale_n of_o holland-linnen_n if_o any_o one_o will_v pay_v for_o it_o there_o in_o gold_n but_o if_o he_o buy_v that_o bale_n of_o serge_n here_o for_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o ounce_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v forty_o eight_o pound_n sterling_a if_o he_o pay_v for_o it_o in_o gold_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n the_o guinea_n two_o and_o thirty_o guineas_n will_v pay_v for_o it_o so_o that_o in_o all_o the_o good_n that_o we_o sell_v beyond_o sea_n for_o gold_n import_v and_o coin_v into_o guineas_n unless_o the_o owner_n raise_v they_o â…“_n above_o what_o they_o will_v sell_v they_o for_o in_o milled_a money_n we_o lose_v twelve_o in_o forty_o four_o and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v very_o near_o one_o three_o this_o loss_n be_v whole_o owe_v to_o the_o permit_v clip_v money_n in_o payment_n and_o this_o loss_n we_o must_v unavoidable_o suffer_v whilst_o clip_a money_n be_v current_a among_o we_o and_o this_o rob_n of_o england_n of_o near_o one_o three_o of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n we_o sell_v out_o will_v continue_v whilst_o people_n have_v rather_o receive_v guineas_n at_o thirty_o shilling_n than_o silver_n coin_n no_o other_o be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o be_v not_o worth_a half_n what_o they_o take_v it_o for_o and_o yet_o this_o clip_a money_n as_o bad_a as_o it_o be_v and_o however_o unwilling_a people_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o it_o will_v always_o have_v credit_n enough_o to_o pass_v whilst_o the_o goldsmith_n and_o banker_n receive_v it_o and_o they_o will_v always_o receive_v it_o whilst_o they_o can_v pass_v it_o over_o again_o to_o the_o king_n with_o advantage_n and_o can_v have_v hope_n to_o prevail_v that_o at_o last_o when_o it_o can_v be_v bear_v no_o long_o but_o must_v be_v call_v in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o light_a money_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o their_o hand_n shall_v fall_v upon_o they_o though_o they_o have_v for_o many_o year_n deal_v in_o it_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o be_v clip_v have_v have_v all_o the_o run_a cash_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o make_v profit_n of_o it_o i_o say_v clip_a money_n however_o have_v it_o be_v will_v always_o pass_v whilst_o the_o king_n receiver_n the_o banker_n of_o any_o kind_n and_o at_o last_o the_o exchequer_n take_v it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o receive_v clip_v money_n rather_o than_o have_v none_o for_o his_o necessary_a occasion_n whilst_o he_o see_v the_o great_a receipt_n of_o the_o exchequer_n admit_v it_o and_o the_o bank_n and_o goldsmith_n will_v take_v it_o of_o he_o and_o give_v he_o credit_v for_o it_o so_o that_o he_o needs_o keep_v no_o more_o of_o it_o by_o he_o than_o he_o please_v in_o this_o state_n whilst_o the_o exchequer_n receive_v clip_v money_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o can_v be_v stop_v from_o pass_v a_o clip_a half-crown_n that_o go_v at_o the_o exchequer_n will_v not_o be_v refuse_v by_o any_o one_o who_o have_v hope_n by_o his_o own_o or_o other_o hand_n to_o convey_v it_o thither_o and_o who_o unless_o he_o take_v it_o can_v trade_n or_o shall_v not_o be_v pay_v whilst_o therefore_o the_o exchequer_n be_v open_a to_o clip_a money_n it_o will_v pass_v and_o whilst_o clip_a money_n pass_v clipper_n will_v certain_o be_v at_o work_n and_o what_o a_o gap_n this_o leaf_n to_o foreigner_n if_o they_o will_v make_v use_n of_o it_o to_o pour_v in_o clip_a money_n upon_o we_o as_o its_o neighbour_n do_v into_o portugal_n as_o long_o as_o we_o have_v either_o good_n or_o weighty_a money_n leave_v to_o be_v carry_v away_o at_o fifty_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o great_a profit_n its_o easy_a to_o see_v
minute_a fraction_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o alloy_n of_o most_o of_o the_o coin_n in_o the_o several_a distinct_a dominion_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o break_a proportion_n of_o base_a metal_n to_o silver_n in_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o several_a mint_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o the_o skill_n of_o man_n employ_v in_o coin_v to_o keep_v that_o art_n as_o all_o trade_n be_v call_v a_o mystery_n rather_o than_o for_o any_o use_n or_o necessity_n there_o be_v of_o such_o break_a number_n but_o be_v that_o it_o as_o it_o will_v the_o standard_n in_o our_o mint_n be_v now_o settle_v by_o authority_n and_o establish_v by_o custom_n know_v at_o home_n and_o abroad_o and_o the_o rule_n and_o method_n of_o essay_v suit_v to_o it_o and_o all_o the_o wrought_a plate_n as_o well_o as_o coin_v of_o england_n be_v make_v by_o that_o measure_n it_o be_v of_o great_a concernment_n that_o it_o shall_v remain_v unvariable_a but_o to_o the_o question_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o any_o mixture_n of_o base_a metal_n with_o silver_n in_o money_n or_o plate_n i_o answer_v there_o be_v great_a reason_n for_o it_o for_o 1._o copper_n mix_v with_o silver_n make_v it_o hard_o and_o so_o it_o wear_v and_o waste_v less_o in_o use_n than_o if_o it_o be_v fine_a silver_n 2._o it_o melt_v easy_a 3._o silver_n as_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o melt_v from_o the_o mine_n be_v seldom_o perfect_o fine_a it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a charge_n by_o refine_n to_o separate_v all_o the_o base_a metal_n from_o it_o and_o reduce_v it_o to_o perfect_o unmix_a silver_n the_o use_n of_o coin_v silver_n or_o money_n be_v that_o every_o man_n in_o the_o country_n where_o it_o be_v current_n by_o public_a authority_n may_v without_o the_o trouble_n of_o refine_n essay_v or_o weigh_v be_v assure_v what_o quantity_n of_o silver_n he_o give_v receive_v or_o contract_n for_o under_o such_o and_o such_o denomination_n if_o this_o security_n go_v not_o along_o with_o the_o public_a stamp_n coin_v be_v labour_n to_o no_o purpose_n and_o put_v no_o difference_n between_o coin_a money_n and_o uncoined_a bullion_n this_o be_v so_o obvious_a that_o i_o think_v no_o government_n where_o money_n be_v coin_v ever_o overlook_v it_o and_o therefore_o the_o law_n every_o where_o when_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n have_v be_v lessen_v in_o any_o piece_n carry_v the_o public_a stamp_n by_o clip_v wash_v round_v etc._n etc._n have_v take_v off_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o public_a stamp_n and_o declare_v it_o not_o to_o be_v lawful_a money_n this_o be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o in_o england_n and_o every_o one_o may_v not_o only_o refuse_v any_o money_n bear_v the_o public_a stamp_n if_o it_o be_v clip_v or_o any_o way_n robe_v of_o the_o due_a weight_n of_o its_o silver_n but_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o in_o payment_n be_v liable_a to_o indictment_n fine_a and_o imprisonment_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v see_v that_o the_o use_n and_o end_n of_o the_o public_a stamp_n be_v only_o to_o be_v a_o guard_n and_o voucher_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n which_o man_n contract_v for_o and_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o public_a faith_n in_o this_o point_n be_v that_o which_o in_o clip_v and_o false_a coin_n heighten_v the_o robbery_n into_o treason_n man_n in_o their_o bargain_n contract_v not_o for_o denomination_n or_o sound_n but_o for_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n which_o be_v the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n by_o public_a authority_n warrant_v to_o be_v in_o piece_n of_o such_o denomination_n and_o it_o be_v by_o have_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o man_n thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a and_o not_o by_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o denomination_n which_o when_o they_o come_v to_o have_v need_n of_o their_o money_n will_v prove_v but_o empty_a sound_n if_o they_o do_v not_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o real_a quantity_n of_o silver_n be_v expect_v the_o standard_n once_o settle_v by_o public_a authority_n the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n establish_v under_o the_o several_a denomination_n i_o humble_o conceive_v shall_v not_o be_v alter_v till_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n show_v of_o such_o a_o change_n which_o i_o think_v can_v never_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v change_v be_v this_o because_o the_o public_a authority_n be_v guarantee_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o all_o legal_a contract_n but_o man_n be_v absolve_v from_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o legal_a contract_n if_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n under_o settle_a and_o legal_a denomination_n be_v alter_v as_o be_v evident_a if_o borrow_a 100_o l._n or_o 400_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o repay_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o silver_n for_o that_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o same_o sum_n and_o so_o the_o law_n warrant_v it_o or_o take_v a_o lease_n of_o land_n for_o year_n to_o come_v at_o the_o like_a rent_n of_o 100_o l._n they_o shall_v pay_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o money_n coin_v under_o the_o same_o denomination_n with_o â…•_n less_o silver_n in_o it_o than_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o bargain_n the_o landlord_n here_o and_o creditor_n be_v each_o defraud_v of_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o what_o they_o contract_v for_o and_o be_v their_o due_n and_o i_o ask_v how_o much_o just_a it_o will_v be_v thus_o to_o dissolve_v the_o contract_n they_o have_v make_v than_o to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o from_o henceforth_o all_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o past_a debt_n and_o the_o rent_n for_o lease_n ready_a make_v in_o clip_a money_n twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n light_a than_o it_o shall_v be_v both_o way_n they_o lose_v twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o their_o due_n and_o with_o equal_a justice_n the_o case_n will_v be_v the_o same_o and_o legal_a contract_n be_v void_v if_o the_o standard_n shall_v be_v alter_v on_o the_o otherside_n and_o each_o species_n of_o our_o coin_n be_v make_v â…•_n heavy_a for_o than_o he_o that_o have_v borrow_v or_o contract_v for_o any_o sum_n can_v not_o be_v discharge_v by_o pay_v the_o quantity_n he_o agree_v for_o but_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v force_v to_o pay_v 20_o per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o he_o bargain_v for_o that_o be_v more_o than_o he_o ought_v on_o the_o other_o side_n whether_o the_o creditor_n be_v force_v to_o receive_v less_o or_o the_o debtor_n force_v to_o pay_v more_o than_o his_o contract_n the_o damage_n and_o injury_n be_v the_o same_o whenever_o a_o man_n be_v defraud_v of_o his_o due_n and_o whether_o this_o will_v not_o be_v a_o public_a failure_n of_o justice_n thus_o arbitrary_o to_o give_v one_o man_n right_a and_o possession_n to_o another_o without_o any_o fault_n on_o the_o suffer_a man_n side_n and_o without_o any_o the_o least_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a i_o shall_v leave_v to_o be_v consider_v raise_v of_o coin_n be_v but_o a_o specious_a word_n to_o deceive_v the_o unwary_a it_o only_o give_v the_o usual_a denomination_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n to_o a_o less_o v._n g._n call_v four_o grain_n of_o silver_n a_o penny_n to_o day_n when_o five_o grain_n of_o silver_n make_v a_o penny_n yesterday_o but_o add_v no_o worth_n or_o real_a value_n to_o the_o silver_n coin_n to_o make_v amends_o for_o its_o want_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v for_o it_o be_v only_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o it_o that_o be_v and_o eternal_o will_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o its_o value_n and_o to_o convince_v any_o one_o of_o this_o i_o ask_v whether_o he_o that_o be_v force_v to_o receive_v but_o 320_o ounce_n of_o silver_n under_o the_o denomination_n of_o 100_o l._n for_o 400_o ounce_n of_o silver_n which_o he_o lend_v under_o the_o like_a denomination_n of_o 100_o l._n will_v think_v these_o 320_o ounce_n of_o silver_n however_o denominate_v worth_a those_o 400_o ounce_n he_o lend_v if_o any_o one_o can_v be_v suppose_v so_o silly_a he_o need_v but_o go_v to_o the_o next_o market_n or_o shop_n to_o be_v convince_v that_o man_n value_v not_o money_n by_o the_o denomination_n but_o by_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o it_o one_o may_v as_o rational_o hope_v to_o lengthen_v a_o foot_n by_o divide_v it_o into_o fifteen_o part_n instead_o of_o twelve_o and_o call_v they_o inch_n as_o to_o increase_v the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n that_o be_v in_o a_o shilling_n by_o divide_v it_o into_o fifteen_o part_n instead_o of_o twelve_o and_o call_v they_o penny_n this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v do_v when_o a_o shilling_n be_v raise_v from_o twelve_o to_o fifteen_o penny_n clip_v of_o money_n be_v raise_v it_o without_o public_a authority_n the_o same_o denomination_n remain_v to_o the_o piece_n that_o have_v now_o
coin_n that_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v and_o then_o we_o have_v mr._n lowndes_n of_o our_o side_n too_o against_o its_o raise_n i_o think_v it_o be_v abundant_o prove_v already_o that_o standard_n bullion_n neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v worth_a one_o five_o more_o than_o our_o lawful_a weighty_a money_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o mr._n lowndes_n confession_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o raise_v our_o present_a legal_a mill_v money_n to_o that_o degree_n and_o it_o be_v only_o our_o clip_a money_n that_o want_v amendment_n and_o when_o that_o be_v recoined_a and_o reduce_v all_o to_o mill_v and_o lawful_a money_n that_o then_o too_o will_v have_v no_o need_n of_o raise_v this_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v out_o of_o mr._n lowndes_n own_o word_n here_o mr._n lowndes_n in_o the_o forecited_a word_n compare_v the_o value_n of_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n reduce_v to_o bullion_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v as_o four_o to_o five_o make_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o raise_v our_o money_n if_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o value_n between_o silver_n in_o bullion_n and_o silver_n in_o coin_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o four_o ounce_n of_o standard_n bullion_n be_v worth_a five_o ounce_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n coin_v or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n that_o bullion_n will_v sell_v by_o the_o ounce_n for_o six_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n unclipe_v money_n i_o will_v take_v the_o boldness_n to_o advise_v his_o majesty_n to_o buy_v or_o to_o borrow_v any_o where_o so_o much_o bullion_n or_o rather_o than_o be_v without_o it_o melt_v down_o so_o much_o plate_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o weight_n to_o twelve_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a of_o our_o present_a milled_a money_n this_o let_v he_o sell_v for_o milled_a money_n and_o according_a to_o our_o author_n rule_n it_o will_v yield_v fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n let_v that_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n be_v reduce_v into_o bullion_n and_o sell_v again_o and_o it_o will_v produce_v eighteen_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pound_n which_o 1860_o l._n of_o weighty_a money_n be_v reduce_v to_o bullion_n will_v still_o produce_v one_o five_o more_o in_o weight_n of_o silver_n be_v sell_v for_o weighty_a money_n and_o thus_o his_o majesty_n may_v get_v at_o least_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n by_o sell_v of_o bullion_n for_o weighty_a money_n and_o melt_v that_o down_o into_o bullion_n as_o fast_o as_o he_o receive_v it_o till_o he_o have_v bring_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o million_o and_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o mr._n lowndes_n compute_v there_o be_v of_o weighty_a money_n leave_v in_o england_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o every_o one_o who_o read_v it_o will_v think_v this_o a_o very_a ridiculous_a proposition_n but_o he_o must_v think_v it_o ridiculous_a for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o he_o see_v it_o be_v impossible_a that_o bullion_n shall_v sell_v for_o one_o five_o above_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n coin_v that_o be_v than_o a_o ounce_n of_o standard_n silver_n shall_v sell_v for_o six_o shilling_n five_o penny_n of_o our_o present_a weighty_a money_n for_o if_o it_o will_v it_o be_v no_o ridiculous_a thing_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v melt_v down_o and_o make_v that_o profit_n of_o his_o money_n if_o our_o author_n rule_n p._n 78_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o only_a just_a and_o reasonable_a foot_n upon_o which_o the_o coin_n shall_v be_v current_n be_v the_o very_a price_n of_o the_o silver_n thereof_o in_o case_n it_o be_v melt_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o coin_n be_v make_v current_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v our_o money_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v but_o a_o half_a penny_n in_o five_o shilling_n for_o that_o be_v the_o ordinary_a odds_o in_o the_o price_n between_o bullion_n and_o coin_v silver_n before_o clip_v have_v deprive_v we_o in_o commerce_n of_o all_o our_o milled_a and_o weighty_a money_n and_o silver_n in_o standard_n bullion_n will_v not_o be_v in_o value_n one_o jot_n above_o the_o same_o silver_n in_o coin_n if_o clip_a money_n be_v not_o current_a by_o tale_n and_o coin_v silver_n as_o mr._n lowndes_n propose_v p._n 73_o as_o well_o as_o bullion_n have_v the_o liberty_n of_o exportation_n for_o when_o we_o have_v no_o clip_a money_n but_o all_o our_o current_a coin_n be_v weight_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n all_o the_o odds_o of_o value_n that_o silver_n in_o bullion_n have_v to_o silver_n in_o coin_n be_v only_o owe_v to_o the_o prohibition_n of_o its_o exportation_n in_o money_n and_o never_o rise_v nor_o can_v rise_v above_o what_o the_o goldsmith_n shall_v estimate_v the_o risk_a and_o trouble_v of_o melt_v it_o down_o which_o be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o importer_n of_o silver_n can_v never_o raise_v it_o to_o above_o a_o half_a penny_n a_o ounce_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o east-india_n company_n or_o some_o foreign_a sale_n call_v for_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n at_o a_o time_n make_v the_o goldsmith_n scramble_v for_o it_o and_o so_o the_o importer_n of_o bullion_n raise_v its_o price_n upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o present_a need_n of_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n which_o every_o goldsmith_n eager_a to_o engross_v to_o himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v be_v content_a to_o pay_v high_a for_o rather_o than_o go_v without_o his_o present_a gain_n from_o those_o who_o he_o furnish_v and_o who_o otherwise_o he_o can_v not_o furnish_v make_v he_o amends_o the_o natural_a value_n then_o between_o silver_n in_o bullion_n and_o in_o coin_n be_v i_o say_v every_o where_o equal_a bate_v the_o charge_n of_o coinage_n which_o give_v the_o advantage_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o coin_n the_o ordinary_a odds_o here_o in_o england_n between_o silver_n in_o bullion_n and_o the_o same_o in_o our_o coin_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o stamp_n hinder_v its_o free_a exportation_n about_o a_o half_a penny_n in_o the_o crown_n the_o accidental_a difference_n by_o reason_n of_o sudden_a occasion_n be_v sometime_o but_o rare_o two_o penny_n in_o five_o shilling_n or_o somewhat_o more_o in_o great_a urgency_n and_o since_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o price_n and_o mr._n lowndes_n tell_v we_o p._n 78._o that_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o the_o coin_n shall_v be_v raise_v above_o the_o value_n or_o market_n price_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n reduce_v to_o bullion_n the_o subject_n will_v be_v proportionable_o injure_v and_o defraud_v i_o leave_v he_o to_o make_v the_o inference_n what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n in_o england_n if_o our_o coin_n be_v raise_v here_o one_o five_o or_o twenty_o per_fw-la cent._n mr._n lowndes_n say_v far_o p._n 80._o that_o silver_n have_v a_o price_n i_o answer_v silver_n to_o silver_n can_v have_v no_o other_o price_n but_o quantity_n for_o quantity_n if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o difference_n in_o value_n it_o be_v or_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o one_o of_o these_o two_o first_o either_o the_o value_n of_o the_o labour_n employ_v about_o one_o parcel_n of_o silver_n more_o than_o another_o make_v a_o difference_n in_o their_o price_n and_o thus_o fashion_a plate_n sell_v for_o more_o than_o its_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o silver_n and_o in_o country_n where_o the_o owner_n pay_v for_o the_o coinage_n silver_n in_o coin_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o its_o weight_n in_o bullion_n but_o here_o where_o the_o public_a pay_v the_o coinage_n they_o be_v of_o very_o near_o equal_a value_n when_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o exportation_n for_o then_o there_o be_v no_o more_o odds_o than_o the_o trouble_n of_o carry_v the_o bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n and_o fetch_v again_o be_v worth_a or_o the_o charge_n of_o refine_n so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o will_v bring_v it_o to_o standard_n if_o it_o be_v worse_o than_o standard_n or_o second_o some_o privilege_n belong_v to_o one_o parcel_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o another_o viz._n here_o in_o england_n a_o liberty_n of_o exportation_n allow_v to_o silver_n in_o bullion_n deny_v to_o silver_n stamp_v this_o when_o there_o be_v need_n of_o exportation_n of_o silver_n give_v some_o small_a advantage_n of_o value_n to_o uncoined_a silver_n here_o above_z coin_v but_o that_o be_v ordinary_o very_o inconsiderable_a and_o can_v never_o reach_v to_o one_o five_o nor_o half_a one_o five_o as_o have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o this_o i_o think_v will_v answer_v all_o that_o be_v say_v about_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v true_a what_o mr._n lowndes_n say_v in_o the_o next_o word_n p._n 81._o that_o five_o shilling_n coin_v upon_o the_o foâ—t_n propose_v will_v actual_o contain_v more_o real_a and_o intrinsic_a
than_o the_o standard_n or_o change_v the_o standard_n of_o the_o yard_n and_o so_o get_v the_o full_a denomination_n of_o yard_n necessary_a according_a to_o the_o present_a measure_n for_o this_o be_v all_o will_v be_v do_v by_o raise_v our_o coin_n as_o be_v propose_v all_o it_o amount_v to_o be_v no_o more_o but_o this_o viz._n that_o each_o piece_n and_o consequent_o our_o whole_a stock_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v measure_v and_o denominate_v by_o a_o penny_n one_o five_o less_o than_o the_o standard_n where_o there_o be_v not_o coin_v silver_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o commodity_n that_o daily_o change_v owner_n in_o trade_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o trust_n or_o barter_v i._n e._n change_v commodity_n for_o commodity_n without_o the_o intervention_n of_o money_n for_o example_n let_v we_o suppose_v in_o bermudos_n but_o a_o hundred_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n but_o that_o there_o be_v every_o day_n there_o a_o transfer_v of_o commodity_n from_o one_o owner_n to_o another_o to_o the_o value_n of_o double_a as_o much_o when_o the_o money_n be_v all_o get_v into_o hand_n that_o have_v already_o buy_v all_o that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o for_o that_o day_n whoever_o have_v need_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o day_n must_v either_o go_v on_o tick_n or_o barter_n for_o it_o i._n e._n give_v the_o commodity_n he_o can_v best_o spare_v for_o the_o commodity_n he_o want_v v_o g._n sugar_n for_o bread_n etc._n etc._n now_o it_o be_v evident_a here_o that_o change_v the_o denomination_n of_o the_o coin_n they_o already_o have_v in_o bermudos_n or_o coin_v it_o over_o again_o under_o new_a denomination_n will_v not_o contribute_v in_o the_o least_o towards_o the_o remove_n this_o necessity_n of_o trust_n or_o barter_n for_o the_o whole_a silver_n they_o have_v in_o coin_n be_v but_o four_o hundred_o ounce_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n make_v in_o a_o distance_n of_o time_n wherein_o this_o money_n be_v pay_v not_o above_o once_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o hundred_o ounce_n of_o silver_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o commodity_n that_o shift_v hand_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v take_v upon_o credit_n or_o exchange_v by_o barter_n those_o who_o want_v they_o have_v not_o money_n to_o pay_v for_o they_o nor_o can_v any_o alteration_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o denomination_n of_o these_o four_o hundred_o ounce_n of_o silver_n help_v this_o because_o the_o value_n of_o the_o silver_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o commodity_n will_v not_o thereby_o be_v at_o all_o increase_v and_o the_o commodity_n change_v be_v as_o in_o the_o case_n double_a in_o value_n to_o the_o four_o hundred_o ounce_n of_o coin_v silver_n to_o be_v lay_v out_o in_o they_o nothing_o can_v supply_v this_o want_n but_o a_o double_a quantity_n i._n e._n eight_o hundred_o ounce_n of_o coin_v silver_n how_o denominate_v it_o matter_n not_o so_o there_o be_v a_o fit_a proportion_n of_o small_a piece_n to_o supply_v small_a payment_n suppose_v the_o commodity_n pass_v every_o day_n in_o england_n in_o market_n and_o fair_n between_o stranger_n or_o such_o as_o trust_v not_o one_o another_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o million_o of_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o there_o be_v but_o half_a a_o million_o of_o coin_v silver_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o who_o want_v those_o commodity_n it_o be_v demonstration_n they_o must_v truck_v for_o they_o or_o go_v without_o they_o if_o then_o the_o coin_v silver_n of_o england_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o answer_v the_o value_n of_o commodity_n move_v in_o trade_n among_o we_o credit_n or_o barter_n must_v do_v it_o where_o the_o credit_n and_o money_n fail_v barter_n alone_o must_v do_v it_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o want_n of_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o coin_v silver_n nothing_o but_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o coin_v silver_n can_v remove_v it_o the_o increase_n of_o denomination_n do_v or_o can_v do_v nothing_o in_o 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a_o less_o quantity_n of_o it_o to_o day_n but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n oil_n and_o cloth_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n than_o it_o will_v yesterday_o and_o thereby_o remove_v the_o necessity_n of_o barter_v for_o if_o raise_v the_o denomination_n can_v thus_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o coin_n in_o exchange_n for_o other_o commodity_n one_o five_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o can_v raise_v it_o two_o fifth_n and_o afterward_o three_o fifth_n and_o again_o if_o need_v be_v four_o fifth_n and_o as_o much_o further_a as_o you_o please_v so_o that_o by_o this_o admirable_a contrivance_n of_o raise_v our_o coin_n we_o shall_v be_v as_o rich_a and_o as_o well_o able_a to_o support_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o government_n and_o carry_v on_o our_o trade_n without_o barter_v or_o any_o other_o inconvenience_n for_o want_n of_o money_n with_o sixty_o thousand_o ounce_n of_o coin_v silver_n in_o england_n as_o if_o we_o have_v six_o or_o sixty_o million_o if_o this_o be_v not_o 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prohibit_v and_o make_v penal_a by_o our_o law_n standard_n bullion_n will_v always_o be_v sell_v here_o for_o a_o little_a more_o than_o its_o weight_n of_o coin_v silver_n so_o that_o if_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o equal_v our_o weighty_a coin_v silver_n to_o standard_n bullion_n by_o raise_v it_o whilst_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o silver_n we_o shall_v do_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o child_n who_o run_v to_o overtake_v and_o get_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o his_o shadow_n which_o still_o advance_v at_o the_o same_o rate_n that_o he_o do_v the_o privilege_n that_o bullion_n have_v to_o be_v export_v free_o will_v give_v it_o a_o little_a advance_v in_o price_n above_o our_o coin_n let_v the_o denomination_n of_o that_o be_v raise_v or_o fall_v as_o you_o please_v whilst_o there_o be_v need_n of_o its_o exportation_n and_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o coin_n be_v prohibit_v by_o law_n but_o this_o advance_n will_v be_v but_o little_a and_o 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they_o but_o some_o circumstantial_a conveniency_n as_o to_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o money_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v more_o brief_o pass_v over_o only_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o they_o i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o the_o different_a value_n of_o our_o money_n collect_v from_o our_o author_n history_n of_o the_o several_a change_n of_o our_o coin_n since_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v reign_v quite_o down_o to_o this_o present_a time_n a_o curious_a history_n indeed_o for_o which_o i_o think_v myself_o and_o the_o world_n indebt_v to_o mr._n lowndes_n great_a learning_n in_o this_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n and_o his_o great_a exactness_n in_o relate_v the_o particular_n i_o shall_v remark_n only_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n be_v in_o a_o shilling_n in_o each_o of_o those_o change_n that_o so_o the_o reader_n may_v at_o first_o sight_n without_o far_a trouble_n compare_v the_o lessen_v or_o increase_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n upon_o every_o change_n for_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n the_o add_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n be_v the_o true_a raise_n of_o its_o value_n and_o the_o diminish_n the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n in_o it_o be_v the_o sink_n of_o its_o value_n however_o they_o come_v to_o be_v transpose_v and_o use_v in_o the_o quite_o contrary_a sense_n if_o my_o calculation_n from_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n i_o find_v set_v down_o in_o mr._n lowndes_n extract_v out_o of_o the_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n have_v not_o mislead_v i_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n to_o a_o grain_n which_o be_v in_o a_o shilling_n in_o every_o change_n of_o our_o money_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o follow_a table_n one_o shilling_n contain_v of_o fine_a silver_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr grain_n 28_o edw._n 1_o 264_o 18_o edw._n 3_o 236_o 27_o edw._n 3_o 213_o 9_o hen._n 5_o 176_o 1_o hen._n 6_o 142_o 4_o hen._n 6_o 176_o 49_o hen._n 6_o 142_o 1_o hen._n 8_o 118_o 34_o hen._n 8_o 100_o 36_o hen._n 8_o 60_o 37_o hen._n 8_o 40_o 3_o edw._n 6_o 40_o 5_o edw._n 6_o 20_o 6_o edw._n 6_o 88_o 2_o eliz._n  _fw-fr 89_o 43_o eliz._n  _fw-fr 86_o and_o so_o it_o have_v remain_v from_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n to_o this_o day_n mr._n lowndes_n 69_o mr._n lowndes_n have_v give_v we_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o standard_n silver_n in_o every_o reign_n and_o the_o number_n of_o piece_n it_o be_v coin_v into_o close_v this_o history_n with_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n p._n 56._o by_o this_o deduction_n it_o do_v evident_o appear_v that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o policy_n constant_o practise_v in_o the_o mint_n of_o england_n to_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o its_o extrinsic_a denomination_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o any_o exigence_n or_o occasion_n require_v and_o more_o especial_o to_o encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v coin_v this_o indeed_o be_v roundly_o to_o conclude_v for_o his_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o from_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o several_a change_n be_v make_v he_o have_v show_v we_o the_o exigence_n and_o occasion_n that_o produce_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o what_o effect_n it_o have_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o henry_n the_o 8_o this_o several_a raising_n of_o our_o coin_n bring_v little_a increase_n of_o silver_n into_o england_n as_o the_o several_a species_n of_o our_o coin_n lessen_v in_o their_o respective_a quantity_n of_o silver_n so_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n decrease_v too_o and_o he_o that_o find_v the_o kingdom_n rich_a do_v not_o as_o i_o remember_v by_o all_o his_o raising_n our_o coin_n leave_v it_o so_o another_o thing_n that_o from_o this_o history_n make_v i_o suspect_v that_o the_o raise_v the_o denomination_n be_v never_o find_v effective_o to_o draw_v silver_n into_o england_n be_v the_o lower_a the_o denomination_n or_o add_v more_o silver_n to_o the_o several_a species_n of_o our_o coin_n as_o in_o hen._n vi's_fw-la time_n the_o shilling_n be_v increase_v from_o one_o hundred_o forty_o two_o grain_n of_o silver_n to_o one_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o and_o in_o the_o 6_o the_o of_o edw._n vi_o in_o who_o time_n raise_v the_o denomination_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v try_v to_o the_o utmost_a when_o a_o shilling_n be_v bring_v to_o twenty_o grain_n of_o silver_n and_o the_o great_a alteration_n that_o be_v then_o quick_o make_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n from_o twenty_o to_o eighty_o grain_n at_o one_o leap_n seem_v to_o show_v that_o this_o lessen_v the_o silver_n in_o our_o coin_n have_v prove_v high_o prejudicial_a for_o this_o be_v a_o great_a change_n in_o sink_v of_o the_o denomination_n in_o proportion_n than_o ever_o be_v make_v at_o once_o in_o raise_v it_o a_o shilling_n be_v make_v four_o time_n weighty_a in_o silver_n in_o the_o 6_o the_o than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 5_o the_o year_n of_o edw._n vi._n his_o reign_n kingdom_n be_v seldom_o find_v weary_a of_o the_o riches_n they_o have_v or_o averse_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o treasure_n if_o therefore_o the_o raise_v the_o denomination_n do_v in_o reality_n bring_v silver_n into_o the_o realm_n it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o they_o will_v at_o any_o time_n sink_v the_o denomination_n which_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o contrary_n shall_v be_v at_o least_o suspect_v to_o drive_v or_o keep_v it_o out_o since_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o from_o matter_n of_o fact_n inform_v what_o be_v the_o true_a motive_n that_o cause_v those_o several_a change_n in_o the_o coin_n may_v we_o not_o with_o reason_n suspect_v that_o they_o be_v owe_v to_o that_o policy_n of_o the_o mint_n set_v down_o by_o our_o author_n p._n 83._o in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o propose_v advance_v be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o policy_n
i_o will_v suppose_v the_o king_n receive_v clip_v money_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o at_o half_a or_o three_o quarter_n loss_n coin_n it_o into_o milled_a money_n for_o if_o he_o receive_v all_o how_o much_o soever_o clip_v i_o suppose_v the_o clipper_n shears_n be_v not_o so_o squeamish_a as_o not_o to_o pare_v away_o above_o half_a it_o will_v be_v a_o wonderful_a conscienciousness_n in_o they_o no_o where_o that_o i_o know_v to_o be_v parallel_v if_o they_o will_v content_v themselves_o with_o less_o profit_n than_o they_o can_v make_v and_o will_v leave_v seven_o penny_n worth_a of_o silver_n in_o a_o half-crown_n if_o six_o penny_n worth_a and_o the_o stamp_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o pass_v for_o half_a a_o crown_n when_o his_o majesty_n have_v coin_v this_o into_o milled_a money_n of_o standard_n weight_n and_o pay_v it_o out_o again_o to_o the_o banker_n goldsmith_n or_o other_o what_o shall_v then_o become_v of_o it_o either_o they_o will_v lay_v it_o up_o to_o get_v 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money_n as_o much_o and_o as_o often_o as_o you_o will_v silver_n in_o the_o coin_n will_v never_o fetch_v as_o much_o as_o the_o silver_n in_o bullion_n as_o mr._n lowndes_n express_v it_o p._n 110._o as_o to_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o damage_n we_o sustain_v by_o clip_a money_n pass_v by_o tale_n as_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a nothing_o can_v be_v more_o true_a more_o judicious_a nor_o more_o weighty_a than_o what_o mr._n lowndes_n say_v under_o his_o three_o general_n head_n wherein_o i_o perfect_o agree_v with_o he_o except_v only_o where_o he_o build_v any_o thing_n upon_o the_o propose_v raise_v our_o coin_n one_o five_o and_o to_o what_o he_o say_v p._n 114_o concern_v our_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o use_n of_o our_o heavy_a money_n by_o man_n