buy_v of_o the_o exchange_v goldsmith_n 2_o that_o his_o majesty_n find_v this_o upon_o examination_n as_o be_v express_v and_o declare_v in_o the_o proclamation_n of_o ix_o king_n james_n make_v against_o melt_v or_o convey_v out_o of_o the_o king_n dominion_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n coin_a or_o currant_n in_o the_o same_o 3_o that_o it_o be_v notorions_o know_v that_o it_o have_v for_o this_o 30._o year_n and_o opwards_o be_v the_o usual_a course_n of_o exchange_v goldsmith_n to_o make_v their_o prentice_n and_o servant_n every_o morning_n to_o run_v from_o shop_n to_o shop_n to_o inquire_v after_o and_o buy_v up_o all_o weighty_a and_o heavy_a gold_n at_o any_o over_o price_n all_o which_o they_o have_v sell_v to_o dutchman_n &_o other_o to_o be_v transport_v to_o their_o mint_n and_o ever_o since_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o xj_o of_o the_o say_a king_n which_o enhanse_v the_o gold_n whereby_o the_o profit_n be_v turn_v upon_o the_o silver_n they_o have_v practise_v and_o still_o do_v practice_v to_o cull_v and_o sort_v out_o all_o weighty_a and_o heavy_a money_n which_o they_o have_v sell_v for_o furnish_v the_o mynt_n of_o holland_n and_o of_o the_o east-country_n witness_v the_o piece_n of_o thirteen-pence_n halfepeny_n old_a shilling_n of_o elizabeth_n ninepence_n and_o fourepence_n halfpenny_n piece_n be_v weighty_a money_n whereof_o none_o be_v now_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o 4._o that_o hereby_o they_o have_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o silver_n by_o degree_n to_o 2._o d_o per_fw-la ounce_n above_o the_o value_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o immediate_a consequence_n whereof_o have_v be_v the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o mint_n for_o silver_n money_n ever_o since_o the_o xj_o of_o king_n james_n to_o the_o great_a scarcity_n of_o silver_n monies_n the_o decrease_n of_o trade_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o subject_a both_o which_o be_v move_v by_o plenty_n of_o money_n 5._o that_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v that_o silver_n weighty_a money_n be_v by_o certain_a person_n that_o run_v up_o &_o down_o to_o shopkeeper_n and_o other_o under_o pretence_n of_o exchange_v gold_n gather_v and_o sort_v together_o and_o sell_v by_o the_o ounce_n to_o be_v moult_a down_n to_o make_v plate_n off_o all_o which_o praemise_n consider_v it_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o no_o great_a marvel_n though_o melchior_n wink_v late_a myntmaster_n of_o amsterdam_n among_o many_o other_o of_o his_o service_n to_o that_o state_n give_v in_o a_o memorial_n of_o his_o gain_v they_o lx._n m.l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la by_o melt_v down_o english_a coin_v which_o gain_n argue_v a_o immense_a sum_n to_o have_v be_v moult_a down_o for_o restitution_n of_o which_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o reform_v and_o stop_v the_o further_a continuance_n of_o these_o and_o such_o like_a abuse_n tend_v to_o the_o dimunition_n and_o deprave_v of_o english_a coin_n and_o procure_v the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n especial_o of_o silver_n have_v his_o majesty_n be_v please_v to_o resume_v and_o re-establish_a the_o office_n of_o his_o exchange_n royal_a chap._n 3._o of_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o office_n of_o exchange_n the_o policy_n and_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o aim_v at_o and_o intend_v the_o increase_n and_o augmentation_n of_o money_n most_o especial_o that_o of_o silver_n and_o this_o diverse_a way_n 1._o first_o by_o procure_v the_o importation_n of_o bullion_n and_o to_o this_o end_n have_v enforce_v the_o exporter_n of_o staple_n commodity_n to_o return_v some_o proportional_a part_n of_o bullion_n as_o 14._o edw._n 3._o cap._n 21._o two_o mark_n silver_n for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n or_o that_o wool_n woolfel_n and_o tin_n shall_v be_v sell_v for_o ready_a money_n every_o sarple_a of_o wool_n of_o the_o value_n of_o 12._o mark_v to_o make_v good_a to_o the_o mint_n six_o pound_n of_o bullion_n 2._o second_o by_o preserve_v it_o aswell_o in_o its_o kind_n by_o provide_v against_o exportation_n other_o exportation_n 20._o ed._n 1.9_o ed._n 3.2_o h._n 6._o proct._n 9_o jac._n other_o and_o the_o melt_a it_o down_o to_o make_v plate_n or_o other_o manufacture_n of_o 1._o of_o 9_o ed._n 3._o ca._n 3.17_o r._n 2._o ca._n 2.17_o ed._n 4._o ca._n 1._o and_o if_o any_o money_n through_o time_n or_o or_o other_o practice_n become_v uncurrant_a than_o the_o same_o to_o be_v convert_v into_o money_n again_o and_o not_o be_v divert_v from_o coin_n 2._o coin_n ed._n 1._o statut._n de_fw-fr moneta_fw-la portuum_fw-la rastall_a titul_n money_n 2._o 3._o last_o by_o provide_v 16._o provide_v 2._o h._n 6._o ca._n 13._o 18._o eliz._n cap._n 15.5_o ed._n 6._o tit._n exchange_n rastall_a 25._o ed._n 3._o procl_n 43._o eliz_n 10._o jac._n 61._o &_o 16._o that_o none_o shall_v give_v a_o price_n for_o bullion_n above_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o mint_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o any_o bullion_n either_o of_o gold_n or_o silver_n shall_v ever_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o mint_n when_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v a_o great_a price_n then_o at_o the_o mint_n either_o to_o be_v transport_v or_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o make_v plate_n or_o other_o thing_n of_o this_o agree_v likewise_o with_o the_o policy_n of_o spain_n which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a stream_n of_o silver_n have_v be_v derive_v into_o other_o part_n yet_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n there_o will_v always_o yield_v the_o seller_n six_o penny_n or_o one_o real_a more_o at_o the_o mint_n then_o to_o be_v sell_v to_o any_o other_o for_o any_o purpose_n whatsoever_o concur_v likewise_o with_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o state_n plenty_n of_o money_n be_v then_o the_o mark_n or_o aim_n by_o approachment_n whereunto_o or_o declination_n from_o whence_o the_o conveniency_n or_o inconveniency_n of_o the_o office_n of_o exchange_n must_v be_v judge_v and_o these_o the_o subordinate_a mean_n to_o obtain_v the_o same_o direct_v and_o level_v to_o that_o end_n by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o next_o enquirie_n be_v whether_o these_o end_n may_v not_o more_o probable_o beattain_v by_o the_o due_a exercise_n of_o the_o office_n then_o by_o still_o permit_v the_o promiscuous_a buy_n and_o fell_n of_o bullion_n and_o a_o common_a trade_n and_o trassique_a in_o it_o and_o this_o by_o way_n of_o comparison_n 1._o the_o goldsmith_n have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a instrument_n of_o exportation_n and_o a_o most_o necessary_a and_o effectual_a mean_n thereunto_o without_o who_o ministry_n the_o weighty_a or_o best_a money_n or_o bullion_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n can_v not_o be_v get_v together_o jac._n together_o procla_n r._n feb_n 16._o jac._n to_o fit_v the_o opportunity_n of_o transportation_n but_o these_o exchange_v goldsmith_n be_v take_v away_o the_o transporter_n can_v be_v fit_v or_o their_o turn_n serve_v and_o so_o the_o transportation_n will_v decrease_v but_o the_o office_n of_o his_o majesty_n exchange_n be_v to_o assemble_v and_o gather_v together_o the_o material_n of_o myntage_n &_o the_o same_o to_o deliver_v to_o the_o mint_n there_o to_o be_v coin_a for_o increase_v of_o money_n and_o this_o by_o the_o testimony_n 2._o testimony_n 9_o ed._n 3._o c._n 7._o &_o 9_o h._n 5._o c._n 2._o of_o a_o controller_n of_o the_o exchange_n appoint_v thereunto_o by_o his_o marestie_n 2._o the_o goldsmith_n cull_v and_o sort_n likewise_o out_o the_o weighty_a money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o melt_v they_o down_o or_o sell_v they_o to_o be_v moult_a down_n to_o be_v convert_v to_o plate_n and_o for_o diverse_a other_o use_n the_o exchanger_n neither_o cull_v nor_o sort_n nor_o will_v permit_v any_o such_o cull_v or_o sort_v but_o will_v have_v a_o eye_n hereunto_o as_o well_o because_o it_o occasion_n the_o overprise_n of_o silver_n as_o also_o because_o they_o hereby_o continue_v a_o unlawful_a trade_n of_o coin_n to_o his_o prejudice_n 3._o the_o goldsmith_n have_v hereby_o occasion_v the_o price_n of_o silver_n to_o rise_v by_o degree_n to_o 2_o per_fw-la ounce_n above_o the_o value_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o effect_n whereof_o have_v be_v the_o stand_n still_o of_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o price_n of_o plate_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o cull_v and_o melt_v down_o of_o his_o majesty_n coin_n but_o the_o exchanger_n neither_o can_v nor_o will_v do_v any_o of_o these_o and_o all_o these_o abuse_n proceed_v only_o from_o the_o exchange_v goldsmith_n will_v cease_v when_o their_o usurp_a trade_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o they_o no_o long_o permit_v their_o exchange_v without_o which_o they_o will_v not_o be_v accommodate_v for_o these_o practice_n now_o though_o the_o avoidance_n of_o these_o pernicious_a course_n tend_v to_o the_o impoverishment_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v a_o good_a and_o conveniency_n
and_o general_a prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o opportunity_n they_o have_v have_v and_o practise_v from_o hence_o of_o be_v the_o sole_a instrument_n of_o exportation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o the_o stranger_n the_o sorter_n and_o colour_n out_o of_o all_o the_o weighty_a of_o his_o majesty_n coin_n which_o they_o have_v transport_v or_o moult_a down_n occasion_v hereby_o the_o great_a scarcity_n of_o silver_n money_n and_o the_o stand_v still_o of_o the_o mint_n for_o silver_n money_n ever_o since_o xjmo_z of_o the_o late_a king_n and_o by_o both_o a_o decrease_n of_o the_o trade_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o by_o all_o a_o impoverishment_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o now_o presume_v the_o indifferent_a and_o unpartial_a will_v at_o least_o withhold_v his_o censure_n until_o every_o allegation_n against_o the_o office_n shall_v be_v upon_o particular_a examination_n clear_v and_o resolve_v i_o desire_v their_o like_a patience_n of_o perufall_n proceed_v to_o make_v manifest_a first_o his_o majesty_n legal_a right_n thereunto_o second_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o majesty_n now_o resume_v the_o same_o and_o therein_o the_o convenience_n thereof_o and_o then_o to_o touch_v the_o form_n of_o proceed_v and_o debatement_n have_v in_o bring_v the_o same_o to_o resolution_n from_o all_o which_o satisfaction_n be_v humble_o present_v upon_o what_o just_a weighty_a and_o considerable_a reason_n his_o majesty_n have_v restore_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o resume_v cambium_fw-la regis_fw-la or_o his_o office_n of_o exchange_n royal_a cambium_n regis_fw-la the_o right_a and_o prerogative_n of_o exchange_n of_o bullion_n have_v always_o be_v a_o flower_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o part_n of_o his_o majesty_n ancient_a revenue_n a_o main_a part_n of_o regalty_n and_o mark_v of_o sovereignty_n for_o the_o power_n of_o mintage_n or_o coinage_n be_v as_o it_o be_v but_o nomen_fw-la mane_n a_o empty_a and_o vain_a title_n when_o the_o material_n as_o bullion_n be_v minister_v and_o bring_v thither_o only_o at_o the_o courtesy_n of_o other_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v therefore_o always_o enjoy_v and_o continue_v this_o prerogative_n of_o exchange_n as_o from_o the_o utmost_a extancie_n of_o record_n may_v appear_v henry_n the_o first_o therefore_o make_v a_o law_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la sit_fw-la ausus_fw-la cambire_fw-la denarios_fw-la nisi_fw-la monetarius_fw-la regis_fw-la conjoin_v in_o one_o person_n both_o the_o office_n of_o exchanger_n and_o master_n worker_n of_o his_o money_n which_o the_o excellent_a king_n succeed_v preserve_v as_o a_o flower_n of_o the_o crown_n though_o in_o distinct_a and_o divided_a office_n until_o that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n the_o 6._o they_o come_v again_o to_o be_v conjoin_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o guido_n de_fw-fr who_n have_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o exchange_n king_n john_n in_o anno_fw-la primo_fw-la for_o the_o consideration_n of_o 1700l._o commit_v to_o hugo_n cycell_n cambium_n totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o in_o anno_fw-la 6._o per_fw-la communem_fw-la consilium_fw-la ordinance_n be_v make_v a_o express_a article_n be_v prohibit_v all_o other_o to_o make_v any_o exchange_n of_o money_n or_o silver_n but_o at_o the_o king_n exchange_n henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o sixth_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n write_v to_o the_o seabin_n and_o man_n of_o ipree_n that_o he_o assensu_fw-la consilij_fw-la have_v make_v proclamation_n that_o no_o english_a man_n or_o other_o shall_v make_v exchange_n but_o only_o at_o his_o exchange_n at_o london_n and_o canterbury_n according_a whereunto_o for_o the_o sum_n of_o 5000._o mark_n he_o farm_a out_o his_o exchange_n anno_fw-la 6._o to_o andrew_n buckerill_n anno_fw-la 9_o to_o euerard_n anno_fw-la 35._o to_o bartholomew_n castilion_n the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n exchange_n be_v keep_v at_o this_o time_n be_v by_o paul_n and_o give_v name_n to_o the_o street_n call_v the_o old_a change_n but_o in_o evidence_n the_o old_a exchange_n edward_n the_o first_o have_v his_o exchanger_n with_o prohibition_n that_o none_o else_o shall_v use_v it_o gregory_z rock_n have_v it_o anno_fw-la 8._o and_o for_o ease_v of_o merchant_n that_o import_v bullion_n he_o cause_v table_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o several_a place_n the_o goldsmith_n charter_n anno_fw-la 1._o edw_n the_o first_o make_v mention_n that_o the_o goldsmith_n then_o by_o their_o petition_n declare_v that_o whereas_o heretofore_o no_o merchant_n english_a or_o stranger_n have_v use_v to_o bring_v into_o this_o land_n no_o manner_n of_o money_n forge_v but_o only_a plate_n of_o silver_n to_o make_v esxchange_n with_o our_o coin_n by_o which_o of_o the_o goldsmith_n owe_v show_v appear_v 1._o that_o all_o import_v silver_n which_o then_o of_o right_n be_v only_a plate_n of_o silver_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o king_n exchange_n and_o neither_o the_o goldsmith_n nor_o the_o goldsmithrie_n here_o be_v mention_v for_o silver_n import_v second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v obsern_v that_o the_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o his_o majesty_n coin_n viz._n by_o give_v currant_n coin_n present_o for_o it_o when_o divers_a goldsmith_n about_o 7._o edw_n the_o second_o intrude_v upon_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o will_v buy_v gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o mint_n a_o proclamation_n be_v make_v to_o the_o contrary_a command_v all_o seller_n to_o go_v ad_fw-la cambium_n regis_fw-la in_o his_o time_n anno_fw-la 5._o william_n hansteed_o be_v echanger_n and_o anno_fw-la 18._o roger_n de_fw-fr frowick_n the_o like_a prohibition_n be_v assensu_fw-la consilij_fw-la by_o proclamation_n upon_o pain_n of_o imprisonment_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o anno_fw-la twenty-five_o ed._n the_o three_o upon_o like_a prejudice_n offer_v to_o the_o king_n profit_n then_o have_v farm_a out_o his_o exchange_n as_o anno_fw-la xxviij_o to_o wickingham_n anno_fw-la 35._o to_o guidon_n anno_fw-la 40._o to_o st._n jue_v and_o table_n of_o exchange_n be_v erect_v at_o dover_n canterbury_n and_o other_o port_n of_o the_o kingdom_n rex_fw-la per_fw-la assensum_fw-la consilij_fw-la svi_fw-la ordinanvit_fw-la quod_fw-la excambiam_fw-la monetae_fw-la suae_fw-la tam_fw-la auri_fw-la quam_fw-la argenti_fw-la penes_fw-la ipsum_fw-la remaneant_fw-la unde_fw-la proclamari_fw-la fecit_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la exit_fw-la cambium_fw-la aut_fw-la venditionem_fw-la monetaefaciat_fw-la clam_fw-la vel_fw-la palam_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la ad_fw-la illum_fw-la deputatum_fw-la sub_fw-la paena_fw-la imprisonamenti_fw-la &_o amissionis_fw-la monetae_fw-la predictae_fw-la claus_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la twenty-five_o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la commune_fw-la cambium_n teneat_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquod_fw-la proficuum_fw-la de_fw-la eodem_fw-la percipiat_fw-la sub_fw-la paena_fw-la faris_fw-la facturae_fw-la monetae_fw-la sic_fw-la cambiata_n excepto_fw-la cambiataere_fw-la regis_fw-la iuxta_fw-la formam_fw-la statuti_fw-la anno_fw-la twenty-five_o ed_n 3._o claus_n the_o a_o xxix_o indorso_fw-it vid._n similiter_fw-la statute_n of_o money_n make_v at_o york_n ix_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o item_n that_o no_o false_a money_n be_v bring_v into_o our_o realm_n or_o elsewhere_o within_o our_o power_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o such_o money_n provide_v always_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n of_o what_o realm_n or_o dominion_n they_o be_v of_o may_v safe_o bring_v to_o the_o exchange_n and_o to_o no_o place_n else_o bullion_n silver_n in_o plate_n vessel_n of_o silver_n and_o all_o manner_n money_n of_o silver_n of_o what_o value_n soever_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o false_a money_n and_o sterling_a counterfeit_n and_o there_o they_o shall_v receive_v good_a and_o convenient_a exchange_n cap._n 7._o item_n that_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n shall_v be_v at_o dover_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o and_o when_o it_o shall_v please_v we_o and_o your_o counsel_n to_o make_v exchange_n and_o that_o the_o warden_n of_o such_o table_n shall_v make_v such_o exchange_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o controller_n which_o we_o shall_v put_v to_o they_o money_n plate_n or_o vessel_n intend_v or_o purpose_v to_o be_v export_v or_o counterfeit_v sterling_a import_v be_v to_o be_v by_o that_o state_n forfeit_v the_o forfeiture_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o exchange_n by_o indenture_n whereby_o the_o warden_n may_v be_v charge_v cap_n 9_o exchange_n shall_v be_v ordain_v in_o good_a town_n according_a as_o shall_v seem_v best_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o he_o and_o his_o people_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v ordain_v in_o certainty_n what_o shall_v be_v give_v in_o exchange_n for_o every_o piece_n of_o gold_n xviij_o edw._n 3._o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o man_n to_o exchange_n gold_n for_o silver_n or_o silver_n for_o gold_n or_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n gold_n so_o that_o no_o man_n hold_v no_o exchange_n nor_o take_v no_o profit_n for_o make_v such_o exchange_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o money_n so_o exchange_v except_o
sufficient_a to_o persuade_v and_o maintain_v the_o resumption_n of_o this_o startup_a trade_n and_o the_o usefulnes_n of_o the_o office_n yet_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o office_n and_o the_o part_n incident_a thereunto_o will_v be_v further_a beneficial_a to_o the_o realm_n 1._o advance_v 1._o importation_n advance_v by_o public_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o by_o the_o exchanger_n will_v be_v make_v know_v the_o right_a valuation_n of_o foreign_a coin_n to_o we_o and_o this_o will_v direct_v the_o merchant_n to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n to_o the_o just_a price_n which_o will_v advance_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o cause_n importation_n of_o coin_n and_o bullion_n 2._o by_o the_o true_a and_o certain_a value_n and_o tate_z set_v upon_o all_o foreign_a coin_n and_o bullion_n the_o merchant_n will_v drive_v a_o more_o certain_a trade_n then_o heretofore_o for_o be_v sure_a to_o receive_v his_o ready_a money_n for_o his_o bullion_n at_o his_o return_n and_o be_v before_o inform_v of_o the_o true_a rate_n this_o can_v likewise_o but_o encourage_v and_o advance_v the_o importation_n 3._o the_o traveller_n inward_o or_o whosoever_o be_v owner_n of_o any_o foreign_a coin_n in_o any_o the_o out_o part_n or_o place_n of_o land_v have_v occasion_n of_o currant_n money_n must_v take_v the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o buyer_n to_o his_o exceed_a great_a loss_n for_o particular_a man_n will_v not_o deal_v with_o unknown_a coin_n but_o upon_o certainty_n of_o exceed_a gain_n but_o the_o deputy_n here_o must_v give_v the_o full_a value_n which_o will_v likewise_o further_o the_o importation_n 1._o hinder_v 3._o exportation_n hinder_v the_o exchange_v goldsmith_n be_v put_v by_o by_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o office_n the_o instrument_n and_o mean_n of_o exportation_n be_v cut_n off_o the_o export_n itself_o will_v cease_v or_o be_v much_o diminish_v 2._o money_n promiscuous_o currant_n be_v not_o exportable_a but_o the_o weighty_a and_o cull_a money_n but_o the_o exchange_v goldsmith_n the_o culler_n and_o sorter_n of_o these_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o export_n will_v likewise_o thus_o be_v diminish_v 3._o the_o exchanger_n and_o his_o deputy_n in_o all_o the_o port_n will_v have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n against_o exportation_n who_o better_a execution_n will_v much_o prevent_v carry_v out_o of_o bullion_n 4._o foreign_a coin_n in_o the_o out_o port_n and_o here_o be_v keep_v and_o preserve_v to_o serve_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o traveller_n or_o merchant_n outward_o but_o buy_v by_o the_o exchanger_n be_v forthwith_o cut_v in_o piece_n and_o can_v be_v export_v but_o be_v convert_v into_o his_o majesty_n coin_n 5._o lighten_v and_o uncurrant_a coin_n of_o gold_n buy_v by_o the_o goldsmith_n be_v either_o sell_v to_o be_v transport_v or_o moult_a down_n be_v the_o best_a money_n for_o these_o purpose_n as_o those_o wherein_o the_o coinage_n be_v save_v but_o sell_v to_o the_o exchanger_n be_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o seller_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o re-conuerted_n into_o coin_n whereby_o the_o stock_n of_o money_n do_v not_o decrease_v the_o advancement_n of_o his_o majesty_n profit_n in_o the_o mint_n be_v a_o consequent_a to_o all_o mint_n 2._o advance_v his_o majesty_n profit_n in_o the_o mint_n for_o all_o bullion_n come_v to_o the_o exchange_n be_v by_o covenant_n and_o compulsary_o carry_v to_o the_o exchange_n and_o this_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o controller_n appoint_v to_o oversee_v the_o same_o and_o to_o charge_v the_o exchanger_n with_o the_o bullion_n buy_v by_o he_o and_o must_v not_o be_v sell_v or_o alien_v to_o any_o other_o use_n unless_o his_o majesty_n or_o the_o state_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o license_v some_o determinate_a quantity_n to_o be_v sell_v upon_o promise_n to_o provide_v the_o like_a quantity_n again_o from_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o immediate_a contract_n of_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o same_o in_o which_o case_n the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o diminish_v but_o the_o goldsmith_n carry_v bullion_n to_o the_o mint_n be_v but_o accidental_a and_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o only_o then_o when_o the_o price_n of_o the_o mint_n exceed_v the_o rate_n of_o any_o other_o for_o the_o same_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o before_o gold_n be_v enhanse_v 9_o jacob_n they_o seldom_o or_o never_o carry_v any_o to_o the_o mint_n the_o merchant_n give_v they_o a_o great_a price_n for_o the_o same_o and_o ever_o since_o that_o time_n the_o profit_n fall_v upon_o silver_n they_o have_v not_o carry_v into_o the_o mint_n any_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o silver_n by_o which_o the_o mint_n have_v not_o only_o stand_v still_o for_o silver_n money_n but_o by_o this_o and_o the_o exportation_n and_o melt_a down_o the_o silver_n money_n there_o be_v scarce_o silver_n enough_o seft_v to_o drive_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n and_o decay_n of_o trade_n to_o the_o lessen_v the_o employment_n and_o set_n on_o work_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o omit_v that_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n be_v so_o by_o lightning_n deprave_a that_o these_o which_o run_v in_o promiscuous_a payment_n want_v near_o ix_o l._n tail_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la of_o their_o just_a weight_n beside_o these_o we_o may_v herein_o further_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o honour_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o state_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o certain_a and_o invariable_a price_n set_v upon_o bullion_n foreign_a or_o other_o uncurrant_a coin_n whereby_o they_o may_v neither_o be_v overprise_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o all_o such_o as_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v any_o manisacture_n make_v of_o they_o as_o likewise_o that_o the_o subject_n be_v severe_v that_o neither_o his_o ignorance_n nor_o necessity_n shall_v betray_v he_o to_o deceit_n but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v ordain_v ser_n and_o fire_v to_o the_o ignorant_a as_o well_o as_o the_o skilful_a to_o he_o that_o be_v urge_v by_o his_o occasion_n as_o well_o as_o to_o he_o that_o may_v forbear_v a_o loyal_a and_o legal_a price_n of_o coin_n or_o bullion_n which_o can_v be_v ascertayn_v no_o other_o way_n but_o by_o re-erecting_a cambium_n regis_fw-la but_o these_o consideration_n will_v perhaps_o with_o some_o be_v more_o prevalent_a when_o they_o shall_v receive_v full_a satisfaction_n in_o the_o clear_a solution_n of_o those_o difficulty_n which_o by_o the_o goldsmith_n and_o other_o both_o before_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n and_o elsewhere_o have_v be_v object_v and_o oppose_v to_o the_o say_a office_n in_o charge_v the_o same_o with_o public_a preiudices_fw-la which_o be_v these_o artic._n 1._o object_n petition_v goldsmith_n object_n that_o the_o office_n seek_v to_o be_v renew_v have_v be_v so_o long_o out_o of_o use_n that_o the_o sudden_a alteration_n will_v be_v a_o great_a hinder_v to_o the_o trade_n and_o vent_v of_o cloth_n which_o if_o it_o prove_v so_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v restore_v though_o the_o patent_n be_v lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o without_o good_a assurance_n of_o the_o event_n inconvenient_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n artic._n 2._o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a mean_n o_o hinder_v importation_n of_o bullion_n and_o by_o consequence_n will_v cause_v exportation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o both_o his_o majesty_n will_v be_v much_o prejudice_v in_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o mint_n and_o trade_n and_o conmerce_n much_o hinder_v artic._n 5._o by_o the_o indenture_n betwixt_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o the_o earl_n it_o be_v mention_v that_o the_o exchanger_n shall_v take_v only_o for_o the_o exchange_n so_o much_o as_o shall_v be_v agree_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o bringer_n in_o of_o bullion_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o the_o rate_n of_o j_o d_o for_o the_o noble_a of_o gold_n or_o silver_n which_o be_v a_o great_a burrhen_n to_o the_o importer_n and_o will_v be_v loss_n to_o the_o people_n in_o every_o ounce_n of_o gold_n xd._n which_o be_v in_o money_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n x_o s._n and_o the_o like_a prejudice_n will_v ensue_v in_o silver_n whereas_o the_o goldsmith_n do_v ordinary_o make_v his_o exchange_n for_o 2._o s._n and_o less_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n artic._n 6._o it_o will_v be_v dangerous_a to_o the_o life_n and_o state_n of_o merchant_n that_o import_v bullion_n to_o be_v enforce_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o one_o hand_n onelyl_n by_o which_o mean_v their_o importation_n of_o bullion_n of_o foreign_a country_n may_v be_v reveal_v it_o be_v in_o most_o kingdom_n capital_a or_o confiscation_n of_o good_n to_o export_n bullion_n these_o be_v the_o object_n of_o we_o which_o have_v bcene_n make_v against_o the_o office_n as_o public_o inconvenient_a aswell_o
cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o the_o office_n of_o his_o majesty_n exchange_n royal_a declare_v and_o justify_v his_o majesty_n right_n and_o the_o conveniency_n thereof_o publish_a by_o authority_n london_n print_a for_o b.f._n 1628._o to_o the_o reader_n intend_v to_o set_v down_o in_o a_o summary_n way_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o office_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o late_a revive_v the_o execution_n thereof_o i_o find_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a by_o way_n of_o preface_n to_o level_v and_o prepare_v the_o mind_n of_o such_o who_o perhaps_o have_v be_v attempt_v to_o be_v prepossess_v with_o many_o untrue_a and_o scandalous_a rumour_n touch_v the_o same_o since_o in_o a_o thing_n although_o not_o new_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o disusage_n to_o some_o seem_n as_o new_a it_o may_v prevail_v much_o in_o prejudice_n of_o a_o cause_n that_o man_n have_v false_a apprehension_n or_o conceit_n of_o that_o which_o be_v propound_v or_o do_v to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o the_o mind_n free_v of_o these_o may_v be_v place_v in_o that_o even_a and_o clear_a aspect_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n and_o judge_v of_o what_o shall_v be_v represent_v unto_o it_o i_o must_v from_o such_o as_o may_v peruse_v this_o short_a treatise_n desire_v by_o way_n of_o postulation_n or_o request_n first_o 1._o §._o 1._o that_o notwithstanding_o what_o they_o may_v have_v hear_v they_o do_v not_o conceive_v that_o the_o office_n or_o grant_v thereof_o in_o the_o letter_n patent_n intend_v or_o actual_o restrain_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a but_o that_o he_o be_v free_a as_o before_o the_o patent_n 1._o to_o sell_v his_o plate_n vessel_n or_o other_o manufacture_n or_o other_o gold_n or_o silver_n whatsoever_o to_o any_o goldsmith_n or_o other_o person_n whosoever_o to_o his_o best_a advantage_n 2_o that_o he_o be_v free_a to_o carry_v his_o gold_n and_o silver_n immediate_o to_o the_o mint_n there_o to_o have_v the_o same_o coin_a whether_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n that_o import_v the_o same_o from_o beyond_o the_o fea_z or_o other_o subject_n have_v the_o same_o from_o his_o mine_n of_o his_o plate_n receipt_n or_o money_n come_v of_o his_o ware_n or_o other_o commodity_n nor_o do_v it_o restrain_v the_o goldsmith_n or_o other_o tradesman_n in_o particular_a 1._o they_o may_v use_v their_o trade_n of_o goldsmithrey_n and_o other_o trade_n as_o full_o and_o ample_o as_o heretofore_o they_o lawful_o may_v or_o can_v do_v 2._o they_o may_v use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o such_o franchise_n and_o other_o liberty_n and_o grant_n which_o they_o lawful_o have_v or_o hold_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o his_o majesty_n or_o any_o his_o predecessor_n 3._o they_o may_v buy_v and_o plate_n vessel_n burn_a silver_n break_a silver_n or_o other_o in_o fashion_n or_o out_o of_o fashion_n or_o any_o other_o manufacture_n to_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o trade_n or_o resold_a as_o they_o may_v do_v before_o the_o patent_n 4._o they_o may_v buy_v any_o gold_n or_o silver_n whatsoever_o or_o of_o whosoever_o to_o make_v plate_n of_o or_o to_o be_v use_v in_o the_o seveall_v manufacture_n of_o their_o trade_n second_o 2._o §._o 2._o i_o shall_v desire_v no_o man_n shall_v conceive_v of_o this_o as_o ground_v upon_o the_o absolute_a power_n and_o prerogative_n royal_a of_o the_o king_n but_o as_o the_o premption_n of_o bullion_n or_o material_n of_o mintage_n be_v a_o right_n inherent_a and_o entrust_v trust_v to_o the_o crown_n so_o always_o have_v the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n exercise_v this_o office_n by_o their_o farmer_n and_o patentee_n as_o belong_v to_o they_o by_o right_a and_o prerogative_n legal_a a_o right_n of_o such_o nature_n as_o that_o by_o which_o royal_a mine_n treasure_n trove_v and_o such_o like_a do_v belong_v unto_o the_o crown_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o raise_v so_o be_v it_o not_o intend_v to_o be_v enlarge_v or_o extend_v beyond_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n set_v to_o it_o by_o the_o law_n or_o uphold_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n than_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o justice_n free_a to_o all_o in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o judicature_n to_o which_o every_o man_n just_o grieve_v by_o the_o patent_n or_o the_o execution_n thereof_o be_v leave_v to_o obtain_v his_o lawful_a right_n and_o amends_n three_o 3._o §._o 3._o that_o the_o office_n may_v no_o way_n be_v take_v as_o to_o savour_n of_o monopoly_n this_o include_v a_o restraint_n of_o what_o be_v lawful_a and_o a_o set_n of_o a_o price_n upon_o a_o free_a merchandise_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o private_a person_n to_o their_o own_o gain_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a but_o the_o office_n be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v acquit_v of_o both_o these_o challenge_n and_o most_o just_o for_o although_o the_o metal_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o thing_n many_o way_n useful_a have_v be_v and_o be_v the_o martyr_n of_o trade_n yet_o when_o they_o be_v consider_v as_o bullion_n and_o as_o the_o material_n of_o coin_n with_o reference_n to_o the_o mint_n in_o this_o relation_n they_o become_v the_o sole_a preragative_n and_o right_n of_o prince_n who_o have_v power_n to_o enstampe_v they_o with_o their_o image_n and_o superscription_n thereby_o give_v they_o currancie_n among_o their_o people_n and_o appoint_v they_o public_a measure_n for_o the_o value_v and_o govern_v the_o estate_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o subject_n whereupon_o it_o have_v never_o be_v lawful_a here_o nor_o in_o any_o well_o govern_v foreign_a slate_n be_v there_o ever_o permit_v a_o promiscuous_a buy_n of_o bullion_n to_o buy_v sell_v or_o traffic_v gold_n or_o silver_n merchantwise_o or_o to_o drive_v any_o trade_n upon_o the_o profit_n thereof_o and_o so_o to_o come_v betwixt_o the_o merchant_n or_o other_o iubject_n and_o the_o mint_n but_o to_o such_o as_o be_v authorise_v and_o appoint_v by_o the_o state_n hereunto_o this_o be_v the_o full_a proper_a and_o adaquate_a subject_n of_o the_o office_n of_o exchange_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v be_v ever_o esteem_v faint_a and_o vain_a in_o the_o form_n and_o valuation_n of_o money_n if_o the_o material_n and_o the_o supply_n thereof_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o other_o as_o here_o it_o have_v late_o be_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o some_o few_o goldsmith_n and_o accidental_o bring_v to_o the_o mint_n when_o no_o offer_n of_o gain_n do_v withdraw_v their_o supply_n and_o for_o the_o price_n that_o be_v always_o certain_a though_o dependent_a upon_o the_o prince_n his_o standard_n bullion_n not_o like_o other_o merchandise_n according_a to_o more_o or_o few_o buyer_n plenty_n or_o scarcity_n or_o the_o use_n or_o disuse_n thereof_o or_o other_o accident_n rise_v or_o fall_v in_o price_n but_o always_o have_v one_o certain_a and_o unchoengeable_a value_n and_o rate_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n thereof_o viz._n that_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n bullion_n in_o foreign_a species_n or_o other_o there_o be_v give_v a_o like_a and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n corn_v equivalent_a weight_n for_o weight_n the_o seller_n only_o abate_v the_o coinage_n and_o price_n of_o exchange_n both_o which_o be_v to_o be_v tax_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o law_n of_o the_o state_n as_o in_o this_o particular_a they_o be_v by_o his_o majesty_n indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o of_o the_o exchange_n and_o the_o last_o be_v likewise_o according_a to_o act_n of_o parliament_n thereof_o make_v with_o much_o temper_n thereunto_o c._n ix_o h._n v._o c._n four_o 4._o §._o 4._o nor_o will_v any_o i_o hope_v be_v much_o prejudice_v with_o the_o murmur_n and_o complaint_n of_o some_o few_o exchange_a goldsmith_n who_o usurp_a and_o abuse_a trade_n be_v hereby_o cut_v off_o since_o the_o premise_n consider_v this_o will_v appear_v to_o all_o to_o be_v but_o the_o power_n and_o practice_v of_o those_o few_o not_o many_o more_o than_o ten_o person_n and_o their_o prevailement_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o company_n upon_o false_a suggestion_n of_o prejudices_fw-la neither_o grant_v nor_o claim_v because_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o assign_v or_o show_v how_o or_o wherein_o the_o true_a goldsmith_n receive_v prejudice_n when_o he_o be_v not_o bar_v from_o buy_v sell_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o ever_o do_v or_o do_v belong_v to_o their_o trade_n or_o ever_o be_v use_v or_o practise_v but_o by_o those_o few_o who_o leave_v off_o their_o proper_a trade_n of_o goldsmithrie_n and_o contrary_a to_o their_o charter_n be_v undue_o become_v exchanger_n interloper_n betwixt_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o mint_n and_o intruder_n hereby_o upon_o his_o majesty_n regality_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o profit_n of_o his_o coinage_n and_o exchange_n
the_o king_n exchanger_n who_o take_v profit_n according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n before_o make_v anno_fw-la 25._o cap._n 12._o all_o merchant_n privy_a and_o stranger_n may_v safe_o bring_v within_o your_o say_a realm_n and_o land_n plate_n of_o silver_n and_o billet_n of_o gold_n and_o all_o other_o manner_n of_o gold_n or_o all_o money_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n to_o our_o bullion_n or_o to_o our_o exchange_n which_o we_o shall_v do_v ordain_v at_o our_o staple_n and_o elsewhere_o take_v there_o money_n of_o our_o coin_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n covenable_n to_o the_o value_n xxvij_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 14._o richard_z the_o iii_o continue_v the_o farm_n of_o bullion_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o grant_n to_o 2._o to_o roc._n fin._n a_o 11._o ric._n 2._o salisbury_n and_o other_o with_o proclamation_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n that_o none_o else_o shall_v use_v it_o henry_n the_o four_o grant_v out_o the_o office_n of_o exchange_n anno_fw-la 1._o and_o anno_fw-la ix_o prohibit_v all_o other_o but_o his_o own_o exchanger_n henry_n the_o vth_z grant_v out_o this_o office_n anno_fw-la 11._o to_o 34._o to_o ret._n pat._n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la 2._o pars_fw-la a_o man_n 34._o lodowick_n john_n with_o prohibition_n of_o all_o 1._o all_o patent_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la 2._o pars_fw-la 2._o m._n 23._o et_fw-fr they_z 5._o m._n 1._o other_o and_o by_o indenture_n anno_fw-la ix_o constitute_v 1._o constitute_v claus_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la ix_o dor_n m._n 1._o john_n patesley_n citizen_n and_o goldsmith_n his_o exchanger_n with_o several_a covenant_n and_o for_o the_o out-port_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n from_o london_n there_o be_v commissu_fw-la directa_fw-la iusticiarijs_fw-la de_fw-la assisa_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la communìcandum_fw-la &_o tractandum_fw-la cum_fw-la quibus_fw-la cur_n que_fw-la legijs_fw-la qui_fw-la officium_fw-la cambij_fw-la mometae_n regis_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o occupare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la patent_n de_fw-fr anno_fw-la 19_o part_n 2._o man_n 8._o statut._n ix_o h._n v._o c._n 2._o the_o king_n shall_v do_v to_o be_v ordain_v his_o exchange_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o his_o people_n which_o shall_v be_v hold_v in_o open_a place_n in_o high_a street_n and_o that_o all_o they_o which_o will_v come_v to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n there_o to_o have_v money_n new_o coin_v they_o shall_v have_v money_n of_o new_a coin_n and_o thereof_o shall_v be_v deliver_v within_o eight_o day_n according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n pay_v the_o coinage_n and_o that_o they_o which_o will_v not_o goc_n to_o the_o tower_n but_o thereof_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o exchange_n shall_v pay_v for_o the_o exchange_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o penny_n for_o the_o noble_a with_o the_o seignorage_n and_o coinage_n cap._n 4._o item_n that_o they_o which_o shall_v be_v warden_n surveyor_n and_o minister_n of_o exchange_n out_o of_o the_o tower_n shall_v be_v hold_v and_o bind_v to_o bring_v all_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o they_o shall_v receive_v by_o way_n of_o exchange_n or_o buy_v by_o colour_n of_o their_o office_n unto_o the_o tower_n there_o to_o be_v moult_a and_o make_v into_o coin_n in_o augmentation_n &_o increase_n of_o the_o money_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n without_o be_v sell_v alien_v or_o put_v to_o any_o other_o use_n bartholomew_n goldbeater_n be_v exchanger_n by_o indenture_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o demise_n of_o hen._n 5_o who_o 35._o who_o rot._n parl._n a_o h._n uj_o nostr_n 35._o be_v command_v notwithstanding_o the_o voydance_n of_o his_o indenture_n by_o the_o king_n death_n to_o continue_v the_o exercise_n of_o that_o office_n as_o the_o record_n say_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n and_o people_n and_o upon_o supplication_n of_o allowance_n for_o waste_n be_v allow_v for_o exchange_n penie_n halfpenny_n per_fw-la noble_a after_o who_o death_n the_o say_a office_n by_o letter_n patent_n and_o indenture_n be_v grannt_v unto_o 29._o unto_o patent_n ann_n x._o pars_fw-la 1._o man_n 29._o william_n russee_n citizen_n and_o jeweller_n to_o have_v juxta_fw-la formam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la indenturarun_n anno_fw-la twenty-four_o 30._o twenty-four_o dor_n claus_n de_fw-fr cod_n anno_o memb_v 30._o robert_n mansfield_n be_v make_v exchanger_n by_o letter_n patent_n and_o indenture_n anno_fw-la xxvij_o 10._o xxvij_o claus_n de_fw-fr codem_fw-la 23._o in_fw-la dor_n vid._n stat_fw-la 1._o h._n uj_o cap._n 1._o &_o 2._o h._n vj._n cap._n 10._o richard_n tunstall_n in_o all_o which_o indenture_n the_o covenant_n be_v gronnd_v upon_o and_o pursue_v the_o provision_n of_o the_o act_n above_o mention_v of_o anno_fw-la ix_o hen._n v._o capit._fw-la 2._o &_o 4._o edward_n the_o four_o in_o the_o viij_o the_o of_o his_o reign_n do_v ordain_v 2._o ordain_v patent_n de_fw-fr eod_n a_o pars_fw-la 3._o m._n 2._o william_n lord_n hastings_n master_n and_o worker_n of_o his_o money_n etc._n etc._n and_o keeper_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o change_n and_o outchange_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n realm_n of_o england_n town_n of_o calais_n and_o march_n of_o the_o same_o to_o have_v to_o himself_o and_o deputy_n according_a to_o his_o letter_n patent_n and_o indenture_n in_o anno_fw-la xxij_o 8._o xxij_o pat._n the_o eod_a a_o pars_fw-la 3._o m._n 8._o bartholomew_n read_v citizen_n and_o goldsmith_n of_o london_n have_v the_o same_o office_n by_o letter_n patent_n and_o indenture_n richard_z the_o iii_o grant_v this_o office_n to_o john_n kendal_n his_o secretary_n with_o proclamation_n anno_fw-la 1._o and_o thus_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n the_o seven_o cotten_n seven_o man._n cotten_n it_o be_v continue_v and_o so_o along_o until_o the_o loose_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o viij_o upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o base_a money_n whereupon_o no_o constant_a exchange_n can_v be_v make_v make_v way_n to_o the_o enchrochment_n of_o the_o goldsmith_n who_o as_o the_o right_n worthy_a sir_n robert_n cotton_n have_v observe_v have_v of_o late_a in_o our_o time_n cast_v off_o their_o proper_a trade_n of_o gouldsmithery_a be_v become_v undue_o to_o the_o king_n prejudice_n the_o master_n and_o commander_n hereby_o of_o the_o king_n mint_n and_o so_o by_o set_v themselves_o in_o the_o sovereigns_n dignity_n bring_v the_o king_n to_o be_v wage_v and_o set_v on_o work_n by_o his_o own_o subject_n contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o former_a best_a time_n in_o this_o state_n and_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o great_a test_n prince_n in_o foreign_a part_n the_o exchange_n of_o coin_n or_o emption_n of_o bullion_n be_v almost_o in_o all_o neighbour_a state_v officium_fw-la publicum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o power_n and_o donation_n of_o prince_n none_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o exercise_v lestat_fw-mi de_fw-fr changeiur_fw-fr but_o by_o faculty_n from_o the_o prince_n and_o with_o relation_n to_o his_o mynt_n statut._n 4._o hen._n seven_o cap._n 5._o no_o fine_a silver_n to_o be_v allay_v or_o sell_v to_o any_o but_o to_o officer_n of_o mint_n change_n or_o goldsmith_n for_o augmentation_n and_o amend_v of_o coin_n or_o plate_n etc._n etc._n but_o not_o to_o sell_v to_o any_o person_n silver_n allay_v and_o that_o no_o goldsmith_n sell_v no_o fine_a silver_n nor_o any_o silver_n allay_v to_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o nor_o one_o goldsmith_n to_o another_o by_o proclamation_n 5._o ed._n vj._n this_o statute_n of_o 3._o hen._n seven_o which_o express_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v the_o act._n of_o 25._o ed._n 3._o ordern_v for_o exchange_n supra_fw-la be_v command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n and_o in_o the_o act_n of_o 18._o eliz_n 15._o for_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n in_o goldsmith_n her_o majesty_n mint_n and_o change_n be_v nominate_v disiunctive_o and_o by_o proclamation_n of_o 43._o eliz._n this_o act_n of_o 25._o ed._n 3._o concern_v exchange_n be_v enjoin_v to_o be_v duy_o observe_v note_v that_o this_o act._n of_o 25._o ed._n 3._o make_v for_o exchange_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o indenture_n of_o the_o king_n with_o their_o exchanger_n as_o a_o 28._o ed._n 3._o wickingham_fw-mi ix_o h._n v._o to_o pates_o x._o hen._n 6._o to_o wilitam_n rus_n twenty-four_o to_o mansfield_n xxxuj_o to_o tonstall_n viij_o ed._n 4._o to_o m._n l._n hastirgs_n xxij_o to_o reed_n in_o all_o which_o and_o in_o all_o other_o judenture_n of_o this_o office_n the_o king_n express_o covenant_n to_o proclaim_v that_o none_o other_o hold_v any_o common_a exchange_n or_o take_v profit_n this_o stat._n be_v also_o proclaim_v ix_o h._n v._o man_n 6._o by_o all_o which_o act_v of_o parliament_n charter_n proclamation_n clear_v and_o interpret_v by_o the_o letter_n patent_n and_o indenture_n and_o the_o uninterrupt_a practice_n and_o exercise_v of_o that_o office_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n be_v make_v most_o evident_a 1._o