Selected quad for the lemma: money_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
money_n	gold_n	penny_n	shilling_n	1,388	5	10.8599	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44301	A short treatise touching sheriffs accompts written by the Honourable Sir Matthew Hale ... ; to which is added, A tryal of witches, at the assizes held at Bury St. Edmonds, for the county of Suffolk, on the 10th of March 1664, before the said Sir Matthew Hale, Kt.	Hale, Matthew, Sir, 1609-1676.	1683 (1683)	Wing H260; ESTC R14358	33,283	119

l'ounce_n del_fw-it silver_n fesoit_fw-fr 32_o penny_n et_fw-la cest_fw-fr iusque_fw-la all_o 5_o e._n 4._o quant_fw-fr fesoit_fw-fr 40_o penny_n et_fw-fr cest_fw-fr iusques_fw-fr 36_o h._n 8._o quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr prepare_v son_n journey_n all_o boulogne_n &_o donque_fw-fr fuit_fw-la divide_v en_fw-fr 45_o penny_n que_fw-fr continue_v iusques_fw-fr all_o 2_o el._n quant_fw-fr l'ounce_v de_fw-fr pure_a silver_n fuit_fw-la tally_n en_fw-fr 24._o 60_o penny_n &_o cest_fw-fr standard_n remain_v a_o cest_fw-fr jour_fw-fr et_fw-la qu●elibet_fw-la libra_fw-la de_fw-fr sterling_a avoit_fw-fr 18d_o ob_fw-la d'allay_v the_o copper_n &_o nient_a plum_n et_fw-fr cest_fw-fr allay_n de_fw-fr sterling_a money_n les_fw-fr ordinance_n ou_fw-fr statute_n de_fw-fr 25_o e._n 3._o cap._n 13._o &_o 2_o h._n 6._o cap._n 13._o font_n mention_n &_o est_fw-la contain_v en_fw-fr tout_fw-fr indenture_n fait_fw-fr enter_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr &_o les_fw-fr maister_n del_fw-it mint_n chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o weight_n of_o coin_n and_o the_o difference_n therein_o with_o regard_n to_o the_o denomination_n of_o coin_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n though_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o silver_n yet_o be_v make_v up_o of_o small_a part_n of_o a_o different_a denomination_n every_o pound_n weight_n consist_v of_o 24_o charat_n and_o every_o charat_n consist_v of_o 4_o grain_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n be_v subdivide_v into_o part_n of_o another_o denomination_n for_o every_o pound_n consist_v of_o 20_o peny-weight_n and_o every_o peny-weight_n of_o 24_o grain_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n and_o record_n above_o mention_v et_fw-fr tout_fw-fr susdit_n money_n dargent_n issint_fw-la faites_fw-fr serront_fw-fr dallay_n de_fw-fr standard_n de_fw-fr veil_n esterling_n cost_n ascavoir_fw-fr que_fw-fr chescun_fw-fr leiure_fw-fr dargent_fw-fr de_fw-fr ceste_n money_n the_o poise_n tiendra_fw-fr unze_fw-fr ounce_n &_o 2d_o de_fw-fr poise_n dargent_fw-fr fine_a &_o 18d_o de_fw-fr boy_n dallay_v chescun_fw-fr penny_n weight_n containant_a 24_o grain_n so_o that_o every_o charat_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n equal_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o every_o grain_n of_o gold_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o charat_n equal_v 60_o grain_n of_o silver_n weight_n in_o that_o old_a ordinance_n before_o mention_v call_v compositio_fw-la mensurarum_fw-la 51_o h._n 3._o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la ordinationes_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae●it_fw-la ●it_z una_fw-la mensura_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la composita_fw-la viz._n quod_fw-la denarius_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la nominatur_fw-la sterlingus_fw-la rotundus_fw-la sine_fw-la tonsura_fw-la ponderabit_fw-la triginta_fw-la &_o duo_fw-la grana_n frumenti_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la spic●e_fw-la &_o viginti_fw-la denarii_fw-la faciunt_fw-la vnciam_fw-la &_o duodecim_fw-la vnci●e_fw-la faciunt_fw-la libram_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o these_o thirty_o two_o grain_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o corn_n be_v the_o natural_a grain_n which_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o than_o english_a sterling_n peny_n but_o for_o the_o better_a accommodation_n of_o account_n these_o 32_o natural_a grain_n be_v reduce_v to_o 24_o artificial_a grain_n which_o from_o very_o ancient_a time_n unt●_n this_o day_n be_v the_o common_a measure_n of_o the_o peny-weight_n as_o the_o 20_o peny-weight_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o a_o ounce_n have_v thus_o state_v the_o artificial_a weight_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n especial_o the_o latter_a i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o comparison_n that_o now_o and_o ancicient_o stand_v between_o these_o artificial_a weight_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o h._n 3._o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n ed._n 1._o and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o twenty_o penny_n of_o sterling_a money_n do_v weigh_v a_o ounce_n and_o twelve_o time_n twenty_o penny_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n do_v then_o weigh_v a_o pound_n troy_n weight_n and_o according_o as_o twenty_o peny-weight_n be_v then_o a_o ounce_n and_o so_o call_v so_o two_o hundred_o forty_o penny_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n be_v a_o pound_n weight_n and_o so_o call_v viz._n libra_n argenti_n and_o although_o at_o this_o day_n the_o penny_n and_o the_o 20_o shilling_n of_o silver_n be_v much_o alter_v in_o their_o true_a weight_n yet_o the_o denomination_n be_v still_o retain_v the_o ounce_n be_v common_o divide_v and_o estimate_v by_o 20_o peny-weight_n and_o 20_o shilling_n be_v call_v libra_n argenti_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 1._o as_o appear_v a_o ounce_n of_o sterling_a silver_n make_v 20_o sterling_a penny_n and_o consequent_o a_o pound_n of_o sterling_a silver_n make_v 240_o penny_n sterling_a but_o process_n of_o time_n have_v make_v a_o great_a alteration_n between_o the_o weight_n and_o extrinsique_n denomination_n or_o value_n of_o money_n in_o 46_o e._n 3._o it_o appear_v by_o the_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n that_o a_o pound_n of_o sterling_a silver_n make_v then_o 300_o sterling_a penny_n claus_n 46._o e._n 3._o m._n 18._o and_o afterward_o in_o 1_o h._n 5._o the_o reduction_n of_o coin_n be_v such_o that_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o sterling_a silver_n make_v 360_o penny_n sterling_a claus_n 1._o h._n 5._o m._n 35._o dorso_fw-la which_o make_v the_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n to_o contain_v 30_o shilling_n and_o deduct_v 1_o shilling_n for_o coinage_n the_o merchant_n have_v 29_o shilling_n for_o his_o pound_n of_o silver_n bring_v into_o the_o mint_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o ed._n 4._o the_o pound_n of_o sterling_a silver_n yield_v 33_o shilling_n viz._n about_o 396_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n and_o consequent_o 33_o sterling_a penny_n than_o make_v the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n claus_n 4._o e._n 4._o m._n 20._o at_o this_o day_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n coin_v contain_v 5_o shilling_n or_o 60_o penny_n and_o consequent_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o coin_a silver_n yield_v 60_o starling_n or_o 720_o penny_n so_o that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o extrinsical_a denomination_n or_o value_n of_o money_n in_o proportion_n to_o its_o weight_n be_v three_o time_n high_o than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v the_o second_o enquiry_n chap._n iii_o touch_v the_o corruption_n of_o money_n and_o the_o remedy_n ancient_o use_v in_o relation_n thereunto_o by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v it_o appear_v the_o two_o special_a requisite_n of_o the_o currant_n coin_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v i._o that_o it_o be_v of_o the_o true_a standard_n in_o relation_n to_o its_o weight_n ii_o of_o the_o true_a standard_n with_o relation_n to_o its_o alloy_n and_o proportionable_o to_o these_o two_o requisite_n be_v these_o defect_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o money_n in_o modern_a and_o ancient_a time_n viz._n i._o the_o defect_n in_o the_o due_a weight_n of_o money_n which_o happen_v sometime_o by_o counterfeit_v the_o sterling_a money_n though_o with_o a_o weight_n below_o the_o standard_n sometime_o by_o clip_v or_o otherwise_o impair_n the_o weight_n of_o true_a money_n 2._o the_o defect_n in_o the_o due_a alloy_n viz._n overcharge_v the_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n with_o a_o alloy_n of_o copper_n more_o than_o the_o standard_n which_o happen_v sometime_o by_o the_o deceit_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o counterfeiture_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o by_o these_o practise_v the_o king_n exchequer_n into_o or_o through_o which_o the_o most_o of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n successive_o come_v be_v many_o time_n surcharge_v with_o such_o defective_a money_n and_o the_o king_n thereby_o deceive_v in_o his_o firme_v and_o therefore_o in_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v successive_a experiment_n make_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n for_o the_o discovery_n and_o avoid_v of_o these_o defective_a money_n and_o that_o his_o rent_n may_v be_v answer_v in_o money_n of_o a_o just_a weight_n and_o alloy_n which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o ancient_a record_n remain_v here_o to_o be_v explicate_v viz._n solutio_fw-la ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la solutio_fw-la ad_fw-la pensum_fw-la and_o combustion_n or_o trial_n by_o fire_n the_o two_o former_a be_v such_o remedy_n as_o relate_v to_o defective_a weight_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v the_o remedy_n that_o relate_v to_o defect_n in_o the_o standard_n of_o alloy_n and_o touch_v this_o business_n although_o we_o have_v very_o frequent_a mention_n of_o they_o in_o the_o pipe-roll_n especial_o yet_o the_o best_a and_o contemporary_a exposition_n of_o they_o be_v gervasius_n tilburiensis_n or_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o h_n 2._o who_o give_v we_o the_o account_n thereof_o in_o his_o first_o book_n cap._n a_o quibus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la quid_fw-la inuenta_fw-la fuit_fw-la argenti_n examinatio_fw-la who_o thus_o expound_v it_o 1._o solutio_fw-la ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la viz._n proeter_fw-la quamlibet_fw-la libram_fw-la numeratam_fw-la sex_n denarios_fw-la which_o

nothing_o of_o certainty_n spelman_n suppose_v it_o to_o take_v that_o denomination_n from_o the_o esterling_n who_o as_o he_o suppose_v come_v over_o and_o reform_v our_o coin_n to_o that_o alloy_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v cambden_n a_o germanis_fw-la quos_fw-la angli_fw-la esterling_n ab_fw-la orientali_fw-la situ_fw-la vocarunt_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la appellatio_fw-la quos_fw-la johannes_n rex_fw-la ad_fw-la argentum_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la puritatem_fw-la redigendam_fw-la primus_fw-la evocavit_fw-la &_o ejusmodi_fw-la ●●mmi_fw-la esterlingi_n in_o antiquis_fw-la scripture_n semper_fw-la reperiuntur_fw-la some_o suppose_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v up_o from_o the_o star_n jud●eorum_n who_o be_v the_o great_a broker_n for_o money_n accept_v and_o allow_v money_n of_o that_o alloy_n for_o currant_n payment_n of_o their_o star_n or_o obligation_n other_o from_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o sterling_a or_o of_o a_o asterisck_n upon_o the_o coin_n pur_fw-it ceo_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr form_n d'un_fw-fr stare_n dont_fw-fr le_fw-fr diminutive_a est_fw-fr sterling_n fuit_fw-la impre_v o●_n stamp_v sur_fw-fr ceo_fw-la auter_n pur_fw-mi ceo_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr primer_n de_fw-fr cest_fw-fr standard_n ●uit_fw-fr coin_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr castle_n de_fw-fr sterlin_n in_o scotland_n pur_fw-it le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr edw._n 1._o and_o possible_o as_o the_o proper_a name_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n be_v call_v a_o farthing_n and_o ordinary_o a_o ferling_n so_o in_o truth_n the_o proper_a name_n of_o a_o penny_n in_o th●se_a time_n be_v call_v a_o sterling_a without_o any_o other_o reason_n of_o it_o than_o the_o use_n of_o the_o time_n and_o arbitrary_a imposition_n as_o other_o name_n usual_o grow_v for_o the_o old_a act_n of_o 51_o h_n 3_o call_v compositio_fw-la mensurarum_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o denarius_fw-la a●gliae_fw-la sterlingus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la and_o because_o this_o be_v the_o root_n of_o the_o measure_n especial_o of_o silver_n coin_n as_o will_v be_v show_v therefore_o all_o our_o coin_n of_o the_o same_o alloy_n be_v also_o call_v sterling_n as_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a five_o pound_n sterling_a 2._o when_o this_o name_n of_o sterling_n come_v first_o in_o be_v uncertain_a only_o we_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v a_o denomination_n in_o use_n in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o or_o ed._n 1._o and_o after-age_n but_o it_o be_v not_o in_o use_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o compile_n of_o doomsday_n for_o if_o it_o be_v we_o shall_v have_v find_v it_o there_o where_o there_o be_v so_o great_a occasion_n of_o mention_n of_o firme_v rent_n and_o payment_n standard_n deal_v money_n en_fw-fr french_a est_fw-fr appel_n pied_a the_o money_n per_fw-la bodin_n pes_fw-la monetarum_fw-la qua●i_fw-la princeps_fw-la ibi_fw-la pedem_fw-la figit_fw-la matth._n paris_n make_fw-mi hist_o 220._o b._n in_o le_fw-fr 12_o a_o de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr john_n le_fw-fr premier_n standard_n del_fw-it english_a money_n fuit_fw-la establish_v en_fw-fr realm_n d'_fw-fr ireland_n et_fw-la fuit_fw-la equal_a all_o prime_n &_o que_fw-fr l'english_fw-fr money_n ne_fw-fr fuit_fw-la au_fw-fr quart_n part_n melior_fw-la in_o value_n que_fw-fr l'irish_n come_v ceo_fw-la ad_fw-la estre_fw-fr depuis_fw-fr le_fw-fr temps_fw-fr del_o edw._n 4._o et_fw-la fuit_fw-la change_n in_o ireland_n come_v ceo_fw-la fuit_fw-la change_n in_o engleterre_n le_fw-fr primer_n difference_n &_o inequality_n inter_fw-la les_fw-fr standard_n deal_v english_a money_n &_o irish_a money_n est_z trove_v in_o 5_o ed._n 4._o car_fw-fr donque_fw-fr fuit_fw-la declare_v in_o parliament_n icy_a que_fw-fr le_fw-fr noble_a serra_fw-mi currant_n en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr realm_n pour_fw-fr 10s_fw-fr &_o issint_fw-la fuit_fw-la que_fw-la l'irish_v shilling_n forsque_fw-la 9d_o dengletre_n hovenden_n in_o rich_a 1._o fol._n 377._o b._n videns_fw-la igitur_fw-la galfridus_n eboracensis_fw-la electus_fw-la quod_fw-la nisi_fw-la mediante_fw-la pecunia_fw-la amorem_fw-la regis_fw-la ●ui_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la habere_fw-la possit_fw-la promifit_n ei_fw-la tria_fw-la millia_fw-la librarum_fw-la sterlingorum_fw-la pro_fw-la amore_fw-la ejus_fw-la habendo_fw-la que_fw-fr fuit_fw-la devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr temps_fw-fr del_fw-it roy_fw-fr john_n pour_fw-fr que_fw-fr semble_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr temps_fw-fr quant_fw-fr cest_fw-fr money_n fuit_fw-la primerment_n coin_n est_fw-fr uncertain_a car_fw-fr ascuns_fw-la diont_fw-fr que_fw-fr fuit_fw-la fait_fw-fr per_fw-la osbright_n un_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr saxon_a race_n 160_o ans_fw-fr de●ant_fw-fr le_fw-fr norman_a conquest_n nummus_fw-la a_o numa_n que_fw-fr fuit_fw-la le_fw-fr primer_n roy_n que_fw-fr fesoit_fw-fr money_n en_fw-fr rome_n issint_fw-la starling_n alias_o esterling_n queux_fw-fr prime_n fesoient_fw-fr le_fw-fr money_n de_fw-fr cest_fw-fr standard_n en_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr 3._o as_o touch_v the_o alloy_n that_o be_v by_o use_n and_o custom_n fit_v to_o that_o money_n which_o we_o call_v the_o sterling_a or_o sterling_a alloy_n perchance_o we_o shall_v not_o find_v that_o constancy_n in_o the_o alloy_n as_o be_v general_o think_v the_o sterling_a alloy_n of_o gold_n according_a to_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n be_v this_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o charat_n every_o charat_n weigh_v half_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o every_o charat_n of_o gold_n consist_v of_o four_o grain_n and_o consequent_o every_o grain_n of_o gold_n weigh_v thirty_o of_o these_o grain_n which_o we_o call_v silver_n grain_n whereof_o hereafter_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o the_o pound_n of_o sterling_a gold_n consist_v of_o twenty_o three_o charat_n three_o grain_n and_o a_o half_a of_o pure_a gold_n and_o half_a a_o grain_n of_o alloy_n of_o copper_n the_o sterling_a silver_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o in_o former_a time_n have_v a_o alloy_n differ_v from_o what_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n at_o this_o day_n a_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n viz._n 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n or_o troy_n weight_n consist_v of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o peny-weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o peny-weight_n of_o alloy_n or_o copper_n every_o pound_n contain_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o every_o ounce_n divide_v into_o 20_o part_n call_v twenty_o peny-weight_n for_o at_o that_o time_n 20_o peny-weight_n weigh_v one_o ounce_n which_o though_o the_o peny-weight_n be_v alter_v yet_o the_o denomination_n continue_v and_o this_o alloy_n be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o forty_o six_o year_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o and_o for_o some_o time_n before_o and_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o money_n in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o for_o it_o mention_n the_o indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n in_o 23_o ed._n 3._o it_o be_v say_v the_o use_n be_v then_o that_o in_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o sterling_a silver_n there_o be_v sixteen_o peny-weight_n of_o alloy_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o pound_n of_o sterling_a silver_n than_o contain_v eleven_o ounce_n four_o peny-weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o sixteen_o peny-weight_n of_o copper_n and_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o what_o follow_v in_o the_o chapter_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o the_o alloy_n of_o copper_n in_o sterling_a silver_n be_v less_o than_o that_o for_o upon_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o silver_n money_n they_o use_v to_o allow_v 12_o peny-weight_n ad_fw-la dealbandam_fw-la firmam_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o remedy_n for_o the_o reduction_n of_o the_o money_n than_o currant_n into_o fine_a silver_n sed_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la postea_fw-la but_o at_o this_o day_n and_o for_o very_a many_o reason_n the_o alloy_n of_o sterling_a silver_n have_v be_v 18_o peny-weight_n of_o copper_n allow_v to_o 11_o ounce_n 2_o peny-weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n thereby_o make_v up_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o sterling_n vid._n indenture_n of_o the_o mint_n claus_n 46_o ed._n 3._o m._n 18._o dor_n claus_n 1._o h._n 5._o m._n 35._o dor_n claus_n 4._o ed._n 4_o m._n 20._o and_o this_o i_o take_v at_o this_o day_n to_o continue_v the_o standard_n of_o sterling_a silver_n 29_o e._n 1._o per_fw-la special_a ordinance_n deal_v roy_fw-fr les_fw-fr pollard_n &_o crockards_n fueront_fw-fr decry_v &_o adnul_v quell_v ordinance_n fuit_fw-la transmit_v in_o realm_n d'_fw-fr ireland_n &_o enrol_v en_fw-fr exchequer_n icy_a come_v est_fw-la trove_v in_o libro_fw-la rubra_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la ibid._n pars_fw-la 2._o fol._n 2._o b._n en_fw-fr temps_fw-fr e._n 1._o denarius_fw-la a●gli●e_fw-la qui_fw-la nominatur_fw-la sterlingus_fw-la rotundus_fw-la sine_fw-la tonsura_fw-la ponderabit_fw-la triginta_fw-la &_o duo_fw-la grana_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la spic●e_fw-la sterlingus_fw-la &_o de●arius_fw-la sont_fw-fr tout_fw-fr 6._o un_fw-fr le_fw-fr shilling_n con●istoit_fw-fr de_fw-fr 12_o starling_n 25_o e._n 3._o cap._n 6._o le_fw-fr substance_n de_fw-fr cest_fw-fr denier_n ou_fw-fr sterling_n peny_n all_o prime_n fuit_fw-la vicefima_fw-la pars_fw-la un●i●e_fw-la et_fw-la issint_fw-la continue_v 345._o tanq_fw-fr 9_o e._n 3._o quant_fw-fr l'ounce_n del_fw-it silver_n fuit_fw-la tally_n in_o 26_o penny_n que_fw-fr proportion_n fuit_fw-la continue_v tanq_fw-fr 2_o h._n 6._o quant_fw-fr

it_o seem_v be_v agree_v upon_o a_o medium_n to_o be_v the_o common_a estimate_n or_o remedy_n for_o the_o defective_a weight_n of_o money_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n of_o weigh_v the_o money_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o exchequer_n and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o frequent_a expression_n in_o the_o ancient_a pipe-roll_n in_o thesauro_fw-la 100_o l._n ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o one_o hundred_o sixpence_n or_o fifty_o shilling_n 2._o solutio_fw-la ad_fw-la pensum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o payment_n of_o money_n into_o the_o exchequer_n by_o full_a weight_n viz._n that_o a_o pound_n or_o 20_o s._n in_o silver_n numero_fw-la or_o by_o tale_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v for_o a_o pound_n unless_o it_o do_v exact_o weigh_v a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n or_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o if_o it_o want_v any_o that_o then_o the_o payer_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o weight_n by_o add_v other_o money_n although_o it_o amount_v to_o more_o or_o less_o than_o 6_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o solutio_fw-la ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la as_o before_o be_v mention_v and_o thus_o frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o pipe-roll_n in_o thesauro_fw-la 100_o l._n and_o pensum_fw-la or_o full_a weight_n 3._o combustion_n or_o trial_n by_o fire_n which_o be_v by_o gervase_n suppose_v to_o be_v set_v on_o foot_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n than_o treasurer_n though_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o appear_v by_o frequent_a passage_n in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n and_o the_o author_n give_v the_o reason_n licet_fw-la enim_fw-la numero_fw-la &_o pondere_fw-la videretur_fw-la esse_fw-la satisfactum_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la materia_fw-la consequens_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la pro_fw-la libra_n una_fw-la numerata_fw-la 20_o solidos_fw-la etiam_fw-la libra_n ponderis_fw-la respondentis_fw-la consequenter_fw-la libram_fw-la solvisset_fw-la argentum_fw-la enim_fw-la cupro_fw-la vel_fw-la quovis_fw-la aere_fw-la solvisset_fw-la and_o thereupon_o ensue_v the_o constitution_n of_o examination_n of_o money_n at_o the_o exchequer_n by_o combustion_n whether_o this_o examination_n be_v to_o reduce_v a_o equation_n of_o money_n only_o to_o sterling_n viz._n a_o due_a proportion_n of_o alloy_n with_o copper_n or_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o fine_a and_o pure_a silver_n and_o to_o make_v the_o estimate_n of_o the_o pound_n or_o libra_n argenti_n reserve_v of_o their_o firme_v to_o be_v in_o pure_a silver_n and_o without_o alloy_n do_v not_o so_o clear_o appear_v some_o think_v the_o former_a and_o therefore_o that_o the_o old_a expression_n of_o firma_n alba_fw-la blank_a firm_a and_o dealbare_fw-la firmam_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o coin_n melt_v down_o and_o reduce_v to_o the_o alloy_n of_o sterling_n and_o after_o blanch_v or_o white_v as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o moneyer_n with_o their_o sterling_a coin_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v blanch_a vid._n spelman_n i●_n tit_n firmam_fw-la dealbare_fw-la but_o yet_o it_o may_v seem_v by_o what_o ensue_v that_o it_o be_v to_o reduce_v it_o to_o fine_a silver_n and_o to_o the_o estimate_n of_o the_o pound_n or_o libra_n argenti_n according_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o what_o follow_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o pound_n or_o libra_n argenti_n numero_fw-la and_o libra_n argenti_n blanch_v be_v 12_o penny_n in_o every_o pound_n which_o possible_o may_v be_v that_o the_o allow_a alloy_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o sterling_a silver_n be_v then_o twelve_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n in_o the_o pound_n of_o fine_a silver_n whereas_o it_o be_v now_o 18_o peny-weight_n in_o the_o pound_n this_o trial_n of_o silver_n by_o combustion_n in_o those_o elder_a age_n soon_o prevail_v and_o obtain_v against_o the_o former_a reduction_n ad_fw-la scalam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la pensum_fw-la as_o be_v the_o only_a infallible_a trial_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o metal_n whereby_o the_o former_a reduction_n of_o pensum_fw-la and_o scalam_fw-la become_v in_o time_n antiquate_v and_o this_o beget_v the_o distinction_n in_o the_o old_a roll_n of_o the_o estimate_n of_o money_n numero_fw-la and_o the_o estimate_n blanc_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereto_o the_o reservation_n of_o rent_n and_o firme_v by_o the_o king_n be_v sometime_o numero_fw-la and_o sometime_o blanc_n the_o reservation_n of_o rent_n numero_fw-la be_v no_o other_o but_o so_o much_o money_n reserve_v in_o pecuniis_fw-la numeratis_fw-la as_o reddendo_fw-la quinque_fw-la libras_fw-la numero_fw-la be_v fivescore_o shilling_n which_o amount_v in_o common_a estimation_n to_o five_o pound_n troy_n weight_n and_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a and_o usual_a reservation_n and_o prima_fw-la fancy_n unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v express_v upon_o all_o grant_n of_o land_n reserve_v so_o much_o rent_n it_o be_v intend_v numero_fw-la that_o be_v so_o much_o in_o money_n number_v and_o the_o firmor_n be_v not_o bind_v dealbare_fw-la firmam_fw-la or_o to_o make_v good_a so_o much_o in_o fine_a silver_n or_o if_o you_o will_v in_o such_o silver_n as_o be_v of_o the_o first_o alloy_n the_o reservation_n of_o so_o much_o money_n or_o so_o many_o pound_n blanc_fw-fr do_v enforce_v the_o firmor_n to_o make_v good_a to_o the_o king_n so_o much_o in_o fine_a silver_n or_o at_o least_o in_o the_o pure_a sterling_n and_o therefore_o such_o firmor_n when_o he_o pay_v in_o his_o firm_a upon_o such_o a_o reservation_n blanc_fw-fr be_v bind_v dealbare_fw-la firmam_fw-la which_o be_v to_o submit_v his_o money_n to_o the_o test_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o to_o answer_v his_o money_n and_o make_v it_o good_a in_o fine_a silver_n according_a to_o the_o reservation_n or_o to_o pay_v in_o allowance_n thereof_o that_o rate_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a measure_n of_o reduction_n of_o it_o to_o fine_a silver_n which_o be_v 12_o d._n for_o every_o pound_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v and_o hereupon_o grow_v the_o common_a difference_n which_o be_v everywhere_o mention_v in_o the_o pipe-roll_n of_o firme_v numero_fw-la and_o firme_v blanc_fw-fr or_o alb_v firm_a this_o difference_n of_o these_o firme_v be_v expound_v by_o the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n lib._n 2._o cap._n quid_fw-la sit_fw-la quosdam_fw-la fundos_fw-la dari_fw-la blanc_fw-fr quosdam_fw-la numero_fw-la viz._n that_o if_o a_o firm_a or_o tenement_n be_v let_v by_o the_o king_n general_o without_o express_v blanc_fw-fr or_o numero_fw-la it_o be_v to_o be_v answer_v only_o numero_fw-la unless_o special_o reserve_v blanc_fw-fr viz._n 5_o s._n blanc_fw-fr but_o if_o a_o royalty_n or_o franchise_n be_v only_o grant_v than_o the_o general_a reservation_n of_o so_o much_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v blanc_fw-fr rent_n porro_fw-la firmam_fw-la numero_fw-la dari_fw-la diximus_fw-la cum_fw-la tantum_fw-la numerando_fw-la non_fw-la examinando_fw-la ipso_fw-la satisfit_fw-la cum_fw-la ergo_fw-la rex_fw-la firmam_fw-la alicui_fw-la contulerit_fw-la simul_fw-la cum_fw-la hundredo_fw-la vel_fw-la placito_fw-la quoe_fw-la ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la proveniunt_fw-la firma_n dealbari_fw-la dicitur_fw-la sin_n simpliciter_fw-la fundum_fw-la dederit_fw-la non_fw-la determinans_fw-la cum_fw-la hundredo_fw-la vel_fw-la blanc_fw-fr numero_fw-la datus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la and_o from_o this_o diversity_n of_o the_o rent_n arise_v in_o any_o county_n some_o blanc_fw-fr only_a some_o numero_fw-la only_o some_o in_o both_o arise_v the_o diversity_n in_o the_o title_v of_o the_o sheriff_n account_n viz._n firma_n de_fw-fr remanente_fw-la comitatus_fw-la post_fw-la terras_fw-la datas_fw-la blanc_fw-fr which_o be_v applicable_a to_o those_o rent_n of_o his_o county_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o fine_a silver_n reduce_v to_o the_o test_n by_o combustion_n or_o with_o a_o allowance_n of_o 12_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n in_o compensation_n of_o it_o firma_n comitatus_fw-la numero_fw-la be_v his_o firm_a for_o those_o rent_n of_o his_o county_n which_o be_v only_o answer_v in_o money_n number_v without_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o fineness_n by_o combustion_n or_o any_o satisfaction_n for_o it_o but_o of_o this_o more_o full_o in_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n i_o have_v before_o mention_v that_o when_o any_o firm_a be_v reserve_v or_o answer_v blanc_fw-fr the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v melt_v and_o answer_v in_o fine_a silver_n or_o at_o least_o to_o silver_n allay_v to_o right_a and_o fine_a sterling_n or_o else_o he_o be_v to_o redeem_v himself_o from_o that_o trouble_n by_o payment_n of_o 12_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n so_o that_o that_o person_n upon_o who_o there_o be_v reserve_v 5_o l._n blanc_fw-fr be_v to_o pay_v 5_o l._n 5_o s._n if_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o money_n melt_v down_o and_o make_v good_a in_o fine_a silver_n or_o at_o least_o in_o true_a sterling_n and_o this_o appear_v to_o be_v true_a by_o infinite_a record_n take_v two_o or_o three_o for_o instance_n in_o compoto_fw-la cum_fw-la northampton_n 21_o h._n 3._o summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la 102l_o 3_n 7d_o de_fw-fr qua_fw-la 4l_o 9_n 4d_o blanc_fw-fr quoe_o sunt_fw-la extensoe_fw-la ad_fw-la 4l_o 13_n 9d_o subtrahuntur_fw-la

ad_fw-la perficiendum_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o remanet_fw-la 97l_o 13_n 10d_o de_fw-fr quibus_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la proficuo_fw-la in_o magno_fw-la rotulo_n claus_n 13._o h._n 3._o m._n 2._o sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la perdonavimus_fw-la dilectoe_fw-mi sorori_fw-la nostroe_v a._n comitissoe_n pembroc_n centum_fw-la triginta_fw-la &_o quinque_fw-la libras_fw-la blanc_fw-fr quoe_v extensoe_n sunt_fw-la ad_fw-la centum_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la libras_fw-la &_o quindecim_fw-la solidos_fw-la in_o compoto_fw-la bedf._n &_o buck_n 13_o e._n 3_o nic._n passelew_n de_fw-fr 18_o l._n 4_o s._n 4_o d._n numero_fw-la pro_fw-la 17_o l._n 7_o s._n blanc_fw-fr in_o all_o these_o the_o proportion_n rise_v very_o near_o bate_v the_o small_a fragment_n in_o penny_n that_o every_o pound_n blanc_fw-fr answer_v one_o shilling_n over_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o its_o value_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o ancient_a firmor_n of_o city_n as_o london_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v common_o reserve_v blanc_fw-fr do_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o sterling_a money_n and_o one_o shilling_n for_o every_o pound_n over_o as_o if_o 100_o l._n blanc_fw-fr be_v reserve_v there_o be_v answer_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o receipt_n 105_o l._n which_o as_o before_o make_v i_o suppose_v that_o blanc_fw-fr firm_a or_o dealbata_fw-la firma_n be_v in_o truth_n when_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o fine_a silver_n and_o not_o bare_o sterling_a for_o this_o advance_v of_o 12_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n upon_o such_o blanc_fw-fr firme_v be_v still_o answer_v though_o pay_v in_o sterling_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o answer_v the_o king_n firme_v ancient_o in_o ancient_a time_n viz._n about_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o king_n be_v firme_v and_o rent_n be_v so_o many_o pound_n or_o shilling_n etc._n etc._n in_o money_n and_o they_o be_v answer_v numero_fw-la or_o in_o pecuniis_fw-la numeratis_fw-la until_o afterward_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o corrupt_a money_n they_o be_v reserve_v in_o blanc_fw-fr or_o white_a money_n which_o as_o before_o be_v observe_v be_v intend_v either_o of_o pure_a silver_n or_o at_o least_o silver_n reduce_v to_o the_o alloy_n of_o sterling_n and_o then_o whiten_v or_o blanch_v as_o be_v use_v in_o the_o mint_n to_o this_o day_n for_o all_o sterling_a money_n i_o shall_v not_o much_o contend_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v suppose_v it_o fine_a silver_n but_o although_o firme_v be_v reserve_v in_o money_n as_o the_o best_a and_o common_a measure_n of_o value_n yet_o it_o appear_v by_o tilburiensis_n lib._n 1._o cap._n a_o quibus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la quid_fw-la instituta_fw-la fuit_fw-la argenti_n examinatio_fw-la that_o it_o be_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n of_o king_n w._n 2._o and_o h._n 1_o usual_o practise_v that_o those_o firme_v shall_v according_a to_o their_o value_n be_v answer_v in_o cattle_n corn_n and_o other_o provision_n which_o perchance_o in_o its_o first_o institution_n may_v be_v a_o convenience_n to_o the_o king_n to_o have_v his_o family_n furnish_v with_o provision_n in_o specie_fw-la and_o to_o the_o country_n among_o who_o money_n be_v not_o then_o very_a plentiful_a and_o they_o can_v better_o answer_v their_o rent_n in_o provision_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o a_o equation_n may_v be_v make_v between_o the_o rent_n reserve_v in_o money_n and_o the_o provision_n deliver_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o same_o tilburiensis_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v certain_a price_n and_o rate_n set_v upon_o provision_n that_o the_o tenant_n may_v know_v what_o to_o pay_v and_o the_o king_n officer_n may_v know_v what_o to_o receive_v as_o for_o wheat_n for_o 100_o man_n 12_o d._n for_o a_o fat_a ox_n 12_o d._n etc._n etc._n which_o it_o seem_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sheriff_n who_o if_o he_o firm_v the_o county_n may_v retain_v it_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o he_o firm_v it_o not_o he_o account_v to_o the_o king_n for_o these_o provision_n or_o their_o value_n as_o he_o do_v for_o other_o rate_n of_o the_o county_n collect_v by_o he_o but_o as_o for_o city_n and_o franchise_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o to_o firm_a because_o they_o have_v not_o provision_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o answer_v they_o pay_v their_o rent_n in_o money_n thus_o it_o seem_v the_o king_n be_v firme_v of_o rent_n of_o his_o firmor_n and_o tenant_n in_o the_o country_n be_v answer_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o and_o william_n his_o son_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 1._o the_o tenant_n be_v weary_a of_o answer_v their_o rent_n in_o provision_n and_o the_o king_n be_v foreign_a occasion_n call_v rather_o for_o a_o supply_n of_o money_n and_o so_o the_o rent_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o tenant_n as_o former_o in_o money_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o reservation_n and_o the_o delivery_n of_o victual_n and_o other_o provision_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o cease_v chap._n v._o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o collect_v the_o king_n revenue_n of_o the_o county_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o they_o with_o their_o several_a title_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n have_v a_o double_a office_n 1._o as_o a_o minister_n of_o justice_n under_o the_o king_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o writ_n issue_v from_o the_o king_n court_n 2._o as_o the_o king_n bailiff_n of_o his_o revenue_n arise_v in_o the_o county_n which_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n 1._o the_o improve_n and_o let_v and_o sometime_o stocking_n of_o the_o king_n demesne_n and_o such_o land_n as_o be_v seize_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n other_o than_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o escheator_n as_o wardship_n and_o escheat_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n especial_o of_o buckingham_n and_o bedford_n allowance_n make_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o that_o county_n ut_fw-mi ....._o comitatus_fw-la 2._o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o office_n be_v in_o collect_v of_o the_o king_n rent_n of_o his_o county_n which_o sometime_o he_o do_v as_o custos_fw-la or_o bayly_n sometime_o ut_fw-la firmarius_fw-la viz._n he_o take_v the_o rent_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o answer_v the_o king_n a_o certain_a firm_a or_o rend_v at_o his_o own_o peril_n whereof_o more_o in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n now_o concern_v the_o kind_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n arise_v in_o the_o several_a county_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o they_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n viz._n annual_a or_o casual_a the_o annual_a revenue_n be_v again_o of_o two_o kind_n viz._n fix_v and_o certain_a or_o casual_a and_o uncertain_a the_o annual_a fix_v and_o certain_a revenue_n of_o the_o county_n be_v of_o these_o kind_n 1._o the_o king_n demesne_n that_o be_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o let_v at_o rack_n rent_n to_o tenant_n whereof_o i_o have_v before_o speak_v and_o they_o make_v not_o much_o for_o that_o purpose_n i_o aim_v at_o 2._o firme_v which_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n viz._n gross_n firme_v which_o be_v charge_v upon_o particular_a person_n or_o city_n or_o town_n and_o so_o charge_v in_o the_o great_a roll_n as_o thus_o philippus_n d'aura_fw-la debet_fw-la 2_o marc._n de_fw-fr reditu_fw-la unius_fw-la virgate_n terre_fw-fr and_o these_o be_v thus_o charge_v upon_o these_o two_o reason_n 1._o either_o because_o they_o be_v never_o parcel_n of_o the_o sheriff_n firm_a of_o this_o county_n de_fw-la quo_fw-la infra_fw-la but_o great_a firme_v write_v out_o to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o person_n upon_o who_o they_o be_v charge_v 2._o or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o happen_v to_o be_v reserve_v after_o the_o firm_a of_o the_o county_n be_v reduce_v to_o certainty_n and_o answer_v by_o the_o sheriff_n or_o else_o second_o they_o be_v small_a rent_n common_o call_v vicontiel_n rent_n the_o particular_n whereof_o we_o shall_v enumerate_v under_o their_o several_a head_n in_o due_a time_n 3._o common_a fines_n at_o first_o impose_v upon_o township_n upon_o several_a occasion_n as_o for_o bon_fw-fr pleder_n for_o suit_n and_o ward_n for_o excuse_v of_o attend_v the_o sheriff_n turn_n and_o these_o grow_v in_o process_n of_o time_n to_o be_v fix_v and_o settle_a revenue_n and_o these_o again_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n such_o as_o come_v within_o the_o title_n of_o firma_n comitatus_fw-la and_o be_v write_v out_o under_o that_o general_a head_n viz._n sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la and_o some_o again_o be_v write_v to_o the_o sheriff_n in_o the_o particular_a charge_n of_o such_o and_o such_o township_n and_o land_n and_o so_o charge_v upon_o the_o town_n by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o process_n 4._o arrentation_n of_o assart_n and_o purpresture_n in_o waste_v and_o