become_v a_o loose_a of_o so_o much_o and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bereave_v of_o the_o other_o money_n which_o the_o amsterdammer_n cause_v to_o be_v send_v over_o unto_o he_o as_o shall_v be_v make_v plain_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o return_v to_o our_o aforesaid_a declaration_n of_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n country_n exchange_n at_o 358._o for_o the_o low_a unite_a country_n true_a it_o be_v that_o since_o the_o say_a proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n whereby_o our_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o 10_o ½_n stivers_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v rise_v to_o 35_o s_o which_o some_o understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n or_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o other_o will_v say_v who_o know_v whether_o the_o say_v assay_n be_v true_o make_v and_o report_v according_o and_o so_o speak_v against_o our_o benefit_n i_o answer_v admit_v that_o the_o loss_n be_v but_o 6_o 1_o 9_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la for_o a_o month_n be_v this_o tolerable_a when_o by_o 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to_o compare_v the_o same_o unto_o we_o by_o way_n of_o exchange_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 35_o s._n flemish_n for_o 20_o s._n starlin_n whereupon_o he_o make_v the_o report_n here_o follow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n last_o pass_v 1623._o twenty_o shilling_n english_a money_n commissioner_n master_n palmer_n report_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 3_o ounce_n ten_o penny_n weight_n 23_o grain_n 4_o mite_n 12_o droict_n 7_o period_n 17_o blank_n five_o and_o thirty_o holland_n shilling_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 3_o ounce_n 6_o penny_n weight_n 14_o grain_n 6_o mite_n 16_o droict_n whereby_o the_o difference_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v 4_o penny_n weight_n 8_o grain_n 17_o mite_n 20_o droict_n every_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v worth_a in_o our_o currant_n silver_n money_n three_o penny_n farthing_n and_o half_a a_o farthing_n full_a so_o the_o difference_n in_o value_n between_o the_o money_n above_o say_v be_v 14_o penny_n 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of_o mean_a capacity_n money_n inconvenience_n of_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o that_o i_o do_v labour_n to_o express_v myself_o in_o the_o plain_a manner_n i_o pray_v you_o be_v there_o any_o man_n live_v that_o will_v not_o conceive_v that_o this_o exceed_o great_a gain_n have_v by_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n will_v still_o deprive_v we_o of_o our_o treasure_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o this_o great_a loss_n have_v by_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n do_v still_o debar_v we_o from_o any_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o again_o when_o great_a gain_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o spanish_a royal_n beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v not_o the_o same_o be_v divert_v from_o we_o and_o carry_v thither_o or_o if_o some_o be_v import_v upon_o occasion_n or_o by_o accident_n will_v not_o other_o man_n transport_v they_o again_o and_o so_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o trade_n and_o cause_v the_o vital_a spirit_n thereof_o to_o languish_v sure_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o understand_v this_o yet_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o plain_a thus_o may_v we_o observe_v the_o disgression_n and_o inequality_n between_o the_o say_a money_n which_o can_v never_o convenient_o be_v reduct_v to_o their_o first_o price_n and_o equality_n i_o may_v likewise_o make_v instance_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v more_o enhance_v for_o the_o sovereign_n of_o 20_o s._n be_v now_o currant_n at_o 37_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n but_o the_o premise_n declare_v sufficient_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n both_o by_o calculation_n and_o trial_n of_o the_o subtle_a assay_v misselden_n in_o his_o former_a treatise_n misname_v free-trade_n set_v down_o 7._o p._n 7._o that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n be_v the_o underualuation_n of_o his_o majesty_n coin_n which_o hinder_v the_o importation_n and_o cause_v the_o exportation_n of_o we_o whereupon_o he_o will_v have_v the_o king_n coin_n raise_v and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v make_v currant_n at_o equal_a value_n and_o in_o his_o circle_n of_o commerce_n he_o say_v 101._o p._n 101._o that_o i_o will_v persuade_v the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n to_o those_o of_o germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n which_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n to_o support_v the_o par_fw-fr and_o so_o now_o there_o be_v no_o undervaluation_n and_o thus_o with_o the_o saytre_n he_o blow_v hot_a &_o cold_a at_o one_o instant_a with_o one_o breath_n and_o withal_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o if_o the_o premise_n by_o we_o declare_v be_v true_a as_o true_a and_o manifest_a they_o be_v that_o they_o be_v fearful_a effect_n and_o again_o that_o money_n be_v not_o so_o little_o enhance_v as_o 20_o in_o the_o hundred_o since_o the_o inhaunce_v begin_v which_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v double_a or_o 100_o upon_o the_o hundred_o well_o in_o good_a time_n it_o be_v mistake_v to_o make_v it_o serve_v his_o turn_n he_o accuse_v i_o of_o gross_a error_n for_o that_o the_o exchange_n be_v rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n which_o even_o now_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a and_o if_o exchange_n shall_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_o that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o money_n rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n shall_v rise_v according_o and_o if_o money_n do_v rise_v here_o that_o then_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o exchange_n shall_v fall_v in_o price_n here_o what_o remedy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o in_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o money_n when_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n will_v still_o over_o rule_v the_o same_o error_n misseldens_n error_n as_o it_o be_v a_o inhaunce_n upon_o a_o inhaunce_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n upon_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n
enumeration_n of_o sundry_a signification_n of_o the_o same_o distinction_n definition_n of_o distinction_n with_o a_o apt_a application_n to_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n observe_v we_o the_o plain_a way_n to_o distinguish_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o say_a centre_n gain_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n for_o even_o as_o a_o spider_n have_v the_o best_a quality_n of_o feeling_n sit_v with_o the_o head_n downward_o in_o her_o circular_a web_n as_o the_o centre_n thereof_o to_o catch_v her_o live_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o her_o web_n even_o so_o have_v all_o man_n but_o most_o especial_o worling_n look_v down_o ward_n with_o the_o kite_n a_o action_n and_o feel_n of_o their_o benefit_n and_o gain_v which_o rule_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n in_o general_a by_o god_n direction_n to_o be_v observe_v therein_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o kingdom_n can_v proper_o decrease_v realm_n three_o mean_n to_o decrease_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n too_o dear_a and_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n inspecie_fw-la cause_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o manage_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o make_v three_o distinction_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n gentleman_n and_o traveller_n considerable_a three_o distinction_n considerable_a who_o be_v here_o deliverer_n of_o money_n to_o serve_v their_o occasion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o they_o be_v taker_n up_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o letter_n of_o credit_n to_o their_o great_a loss_n when_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v low_a or_o foreign_a coin_n be_v enhance_v or_o overvalue_v in_o exchange_n unto_o we_o as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o second_o distinction_n concern_v particular_a merchant_n who_o do_v make_v a_o private_a benefit_n by_o money_n and_o exchange_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o general_a wherein_o the_o say_v particular_a merchant_n do_v bear_v some_o loss_n unaware_o although_o they_o have_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o a_o disorder_a trade_n another_o way_n to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o distinguish_v it_o be_v demand_v 17._o p._n 17._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o merchant_n to_o seek_v their_o privatum_fw-la commodum_fw-la in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o call_n whether_o gain_n be_v not_o the_o end_n of_o trade_n and_o whether_o the_o private_a be_v not_o invalued_a in_o the_o public_a the_o answer_n be_v extant_a that_o albeit_o the_o general_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o particular_a 3._o maine_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 3._o yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o general_n shall_v receive_v a_o intolerable_a prejudice_n and_o loss_n by_o the_o particular_a benefit_n of_o some_o the_o opinion_n and_o council_n therefore_o in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n of_o some_o private_a merchant_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o suspicion_n and_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v to_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o trade_n which_o cause_v the_o wise_a man_n to_o say_v consult_v not_o with_o a_o merchant_n concern_v exchange_n 11._o ecclesiasticus_fw-la 37._o ver_fw-la 11._o the_o gain_n which_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o beneficial_a to_o some_o merchant_n in_o particular_a be_v these_o as_o follow_v english_a merchant_n be_v here_o the_o taker_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v a_o great_a gain_n when_o they_o take_v the_o same_o at_o a_o low_a exchange_n asgument_n pernicious_a asgument_n give_v less_o by_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d manner_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o give_v flemish_n or_o other_o money_n there_o to_o have_v here_o starlin_n money_n for_o it_o they_o be_v there_o common_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n so_o that_o a_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n by_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o merchant_n and_o to_o maintain_v this_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v export_v more_o money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n into_o foreign_a part_n if_o english_a merchant_n do_v not_o take_v the_o say_a money_n by_o exchange_n and_o that_o at_o a_o low_a price_n whereby_o the_o english_a merchant_n become_v a_o gainer_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n a_o loose_a again_o if_o a_o equal_a exchange_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o money_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o we_o then_o can_v not_o english_a merchant_n sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n so_o good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o undersell_v other_o nation_n cast_v their_o calculation_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v according_a to_o the_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n also_o if_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v high_a beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n can_v not_o make_v such_o gain_n by_o the_o royal_n of_o 8_o which_o they_o transport_v thither_o make_v return_n of_o the_o proceed_v of_o they_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n to_o their_o great_a benefit_n of_o 25_o per_fw-la cento_fw-la where_o they_o can_v make_v here_o but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n merchant_n can_v not_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n at_o the_o price_n they_o now_o do_v and_o return_v the_o value_n thereof_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n from_o thence_o or_o take_v up_o the_o same_o here_o give_v so_o little_a by_o exchange_n there_o english_a merchant_n buy_v here_o cloth_n upon_o their_o credit_n and_o sell_v the_o same_o beyond_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o good_a gain_n to_o return_v their_o money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n to_o pay_v the_o seller_n of_o the_o cloth_n with_o his_o own_o &_o so_o trade_v without_o stock_n be_v instrument_n to_o sell_v the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n if_o the_o exchange_n be_v not_o low_a under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o standard_n merchant_n can_v not_o make_v a_o great_a benefit_n by_o take_v up_o money_n here_o be_v he_o either_o english_a or_o stranger_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o to_o pay_v their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o reserve_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n for_o their_o benefit_n neither_o can_v they_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n upon_o long_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o transport_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o seller_n at_o the_o say_a time_n all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o maintain_v the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n equity_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n &_o equity_n which_o must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o true_a rule_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n which_o require_v a_o equal_a valuation_n in_o exchange_n or_o a_o advantage_n over_o and_o above_o to_o accommodate_v the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o then_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o underualuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v intolerable_a and_o that_o this_o gain_n procure_v to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o profitable_a to_o particular_a merchant_n be_v to_o be_v abolish_v the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o sell_v of_o our_o cloth_n good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o great_a quantity_n when_o merchant_n have_v beat_v down_o the_o price_n with_o the_o clothier_n whereby_o the_o clothier_n be_v force_v to_o do_v the_o like_a with_o the_o woolegrower_n which_o disimprove_v the_o revinew_n of_o land_n but_o the_o merchant_n employ_v the_o lesser_a stock_n and_o have_v not_o therefore_o the_o less_o benefit_n the_o woolegrower_n and_o the_o clothier_n bear_v the_o loss_n beside_o other_o private_a deal_n of_o merchant_n which_o be_v error_n of_o trade_n declare_v in_o out_o former_a treatise_n p._n 75_o 76._o the_o three_o distinction_n concern_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v now_o to_o be_v examine_v by_o way_n of_o antithesis_fw-la or_o conterpoint_v show_v how_o gain_n do_v command_v and_o direct_v trade_n in_o the_o say_v three_o simples_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n which_o overrule_v the_o other_o two_o whereby_o the_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o native_a commodity_n in_o price_n be_v procure_v and_o this_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o contrary_a if_o it_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n inconvenience_n arise_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n upon_o the_o pound_n of_o xx_o shilling_n for_o the_o main_a place_n of_o trade_n first_o when_o our_o
all_o their_o own_o coin_n be_v correspondent_a thereunto_o in_o the_o inward_a value_n but_o in_o the_o low_a country_n the_o valuation_n do_v alter_v and_o money_n be_v enhance_v by_o intermissive_a time_n by_o the_o war_n and_o division_n of_o the_o 17._o province_n come_v we_o now_o to_o the_o year_n 1586._o when_v robert_n lord_n dudley_n earl_n of_o leycester_n go_v over_o to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n at_o which_o time_n money_n be_v much_o enhance_v and_o the_o state_n do_v coin_n the_o great_a silver_n royal_a of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o philip_n doller_n as_o also_o rickx_v dollar_n in_o every_o province_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o say_v imperial_a or_o burgundian_n dollar_n and_o the_o arch_a duke_n albertus_n of_o austria_n do_v the_o like_a in_o the_o reconcile_a country_n under_o his_o government_n hereupon_o there_o be_v assay_n make_v again_o of_o the_o say_a coin_n and_o other_o money_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o they_o be_v by_o the_o say_a assay_n correspondent_a in_o weight_n and_o finesse_n and_o so_o the_o positive_a exchange_n be_v make_v according_o upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v in_o the_o say_a country_n namely_o the_o say_a philip_n doller_n be_v rise_v and_o value_v at_o 50._o stivers_n or_o 8._o s._n 4._o d._n flemish_n make_v the_o say_a exchange_n by_o the_o say_v 4._o piece_n to_o be_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n for_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n the_o say_a rickx_n doller_n be_v value_v at_o 45._o stivers_n or_o 7._o s._n 6._o d._n flemish_n make_v the_o exchange_n to_o be_v after_o 4_o piece_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o pound_n starlin_n 33._o s._n 9_o d._n but_o because_o our_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o 20._o d._n flemish_n or_o 10_o stivers_n whereof_o 20._o s._n make_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n flemish_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o commissioner_n d._n exchange_n for_o the_o low_a country_n at_o 83_o s._n 4_o d._n that_o the_o positive_a exchange_n shall_v be_v 33._o s._n 4._o d._n for_o our_o 20._o s_o and_o all_o other_o money_n have_v correspondence_n with_o the_o say_a price_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o the_o spanish_a royal_a of_o 8._o be_v value_v at_o 42._o stivers_n or_o 7._o s._n flemish_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o placeart_n or_o proclamation_n then_o make_v by_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leycester_n if_o you_o will_v be_v sure_a whether_o the_o say_v assay_n and_o valuation_n be_v true_o calculate_v in_o exchange_n money_n calculation_n upon_o assay_n and_o money_n the_o account_n by_o the_o golden_a rule_n be_v easy_a for_o any_o man_n of_o mean_a judgement_n to_o be_v cast_v up_o that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o philip_n doller_n of_o 36_o stivers_n make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v 24._o s._n what_o must_v the_o price_n now_o be_v when_o the_o say_v doller_n be_v value_v at_o 50._o stivers_n facit_fw-la 33._o s._n 4._o do_v again_o if_o the_o rickx_n doller_n at_o 33._o stivers_n give_v in_o exchange_n 24._o s._n 9_o d._n what_o will_v 45._o stivers_n give_v in_o exchange_n facit_fw-la 33._o s._n 9_o d_o so_o that_o you_o see_v the_o assay_n and_o valuation_n do_v agree_v in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n and_o rather_o somewhat_o to_o our_o disadvantage_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o by_o a_o commission_n grant_v to_o sir_n richard_n martin_n knight_n and_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n sir_n richard_n saltonstall_n sir_n henery_n belling_n slay_v knight_n thomas_z afterward_o lord_n knynet_n mr._n john_n williams_n myself_o and_o diverse_a other_o there_o be_v a_o examination_n take_v concern_v the_o goodness_n and_o valuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n and_o there_o ensue_v but_o a_o alteration_n in_o the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n concern_v the_o proportion_n with_o some_o small_a reformation_n concern_v the_o standard_n but_o in_o exchange_n nothing_o be_v effect_v for_o some_o reason_n here_o not_o declare_v come_v we_o now_o to_o this_o present_a time_n and_o see_v how_o much_o the_o say_v money_n have_v be_v enhance_v valuation_n calculation_n up_o on_o the_o last_o valuation_n not_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o merchant_n to_o receive_v they_o above_o their_o price_n but_o according_a to_o the_o placcart_n or_o edict_n of_o proclamation_n of_o the_o say_a estate_n make_v the_o 21_o of_o july_n 1622._o there_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o philip_n doller_n be_v make_v bullion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o currant_n as_o they_o have_v also_o do_v of_o other_o coin_n but_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o netherland_n be_v enhance_v and_o value_v by_o public_a authority_n beside_o their_o toleration_n to_o go_v above_o the_o same_o at_o 50._o stivers_n now_o cast_v hereupon_o what_o the_o positive_a exchange_n must_v be_v when_o 45._o be_v make_v 50._o or_o when_o 5._o be_v get_v in_o 45_o which_o be_v just_a one_o nine_o part_n take_v the_o nine_o part_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o it_o be_v 11._o and_o 1_o 9_o that_o the_o say_v dollar_n and_o other_o money_n be_v in_o haunced_a thereby_o but_o our_o shilling_n or_o 12._o penny_n starlin_n albeit_o they_o must_v be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n be_v but_o advance_v to_o ten_o stivers_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v but_o 5._o d._n 100_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v 11_o 1_o 9_o part_n or_o 11._o l._n 2._o s._n 2._o d._n â…”_n the_o rule_n be_v if_o 45._o give_v 5_o what_o shall_v 50._o give_v facit_fw-la 11._o &_o 1_o 9_o part_n or_o if_o 45._o give_v in_o true_a exchange_n 33._o s._n 9_o do_v what_o 50_o facit_fw-la 37._o s._n 6._o d._n or_o if_o 42._o for_o the_o royal_a give_v 33._o s._n 4._o do_v what_o give_v 48_o facit_fw-la 38._o s._n 1._o d._n so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o ground_a calculation_n upon_o assay_n that_o from_o 33._o s._n 4._o d._n the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low_a country_n be_v underualued_a 11._o l._n 2._o s._n 2._o â…”_n d._n in_o every_o hundred_o pound_n money_n exceed_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n whereby_o we_o undersell_v our_o home_n commodity_n and_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n so_o much_o dear_a and_o loose_v for_o every_o hundred_o pound_n so_o much_o in_o the_o kingdom_n stock_n for_o we_o do_v receive_v but_o 88_o l._n 17._o s._n 9_o â…“_n d._n for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o he_o that_o export_v our_o money_n may_v get_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la or_o every_o month_n above_o 11._o per_fw-la cent_n which_o be_v 132._o per_fw-la cent_n by_o the_o year_n and_o no_o money_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v from_o thence_o without_o the_o like_a loss_n to_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o unless_o by_o gold_n which_o be_v here_o more_o esteem_v then_o in_o other_o country_n whereby_o he_o may_v save_v some_o part_n of_o his_o loss_n especial_o the_o same_o be_v make_v bullion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o because_o misselden_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o supposition_n set_v down_o upon_o the_o rate_n of_o 30._o s._n for_o 20._o â—_o 75._o p._n 75._o starlin_n to_o show_v how_o merchant_n may_v be_v correspondence_n accommodate_v each_o other_o to_o the_o kingdom_n great_a loss_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o must_v in_o the_o comparison_n need_v be_v under_o the_o price_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n and_o not_o at_o 33._o s._n 4._o do_v which_o be_v call_v low_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o present_a and_o hereupon_o he_o do_v miscast_v 100_o l._n in_o 1000_o l._n between_o the_o londoner_n and_o the_o amsterdamer_n with_o other_o cavillation_n in_o the_o answer_v thereof_o i_o though_o good_a to_o observe_v the_o same_o between_o the_o price_n of_o equal_a exchange_n alter_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o beginning_n when_o 20._o s._n starlin_n be_v make_v 24._o s._n by_o exchange_n whereby_o 500_o l._n make_v 600._o l._n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a for_o the_o say_v 600_o l._n flemish_n be_v correspondent_a in_o account_n between_o the_o say_a londonner_fw-fr and_o amsterdammer_n after_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o 24_o s._n by_o exchange_n so_o long_o as_o the_o value_n be_v make_v good_a by_o exchange_n but_o if_o the_o exchange_n have_v not_o rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o money_n enhance_v and_o have_v remain_v at_o 20_o s._n for_o 20_o s._n and_o they_o have_v still_o so_o keep_v their_o account_n between_o they_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n can_v very_o well_o see_v that_o the_o 500_o l._n starlin_n be_v transport_v will_v make_v 600_o l._n flemish_n but_o the_o londoner_n have_v not_o the_o like_a mean_n to_o import_v his_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la from_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v so_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o receive_v their_o 600_o l._n in_o lieu_n of_o his_o 500_o l_o he_o
our_o overballance_a increase_v for_o when_o more_o commodâ—â—â—_n be_v import_v than_o the_o kingdom_n spend_v 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v export_v again_o for_o other_o place_n and_o otâ—â—â—_n commodity_n be_v import_v again_o for_o the_o retuâ—â—_n thereof_o to_o augment_v the_o say_a overballance_n nayâ—â—_n force_v we_o to_o wear_v more_o foreign_a ware_n through_o the_o abundance_n of_o it_o and_o to_o neglect_v the_o use_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n but_o say_v he_o 123._o p._n 123._o the_o form_n will_v illustrate_v this_o conceit_a course_n of_o balance_n tota_n sensus_fw-la quot_fw-la capita_fw-la as_o many_o mind_n as_o man_n every_o man_n abound_v in_o his_o own_o sense_n a_o marvellous_a ground_a rule_n to_o build_v upon_o where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o cannon_n must_v we_o needs_o sail_v between_o scylla_n and_o charibays_n of_o a_o uncertain_a balance_n without_o a_o parallel_n uncertainty_n absurd_a to_o admit_v such_o uncertainty_n when_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o centre_n do_v direct_v we_o in_o the_o very_a negotiation_n and_o nothing_o can_v be_v direct_v unto_o we_o by_o this_o balance_n without_o the_o say_a centre_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o this_o balance_n do_v consist_v of_o many_o particular_n whereby_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o understanding_n as_o conclusion_n be_v from_o order_n first_o this_o balance_n can_v be_v certain_o prescribe_v by_o one_o year_n time_n realm_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o certain_a or_o limit_a time_n for_o sometime_o and_o that_o unexpected_a some_o east_n india_n ship_n or_o other_o rich_a lade_n may_v come_v in_o or_o the_o spice_n and_o other_o good_n already_o come_v in_o and_o to_o be_v export_v be_v not_o carry_v out_o when_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o balance_n be_v make_v second_o for_o money_n secret_o export_v the_o return_n in_o commodity_n may_v be_v yet_o to_o come_v or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o gain_n have_v by_o interest_n money_n or_o exchange_n it_o need_v never_o to_o return_v for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n as_o also_o for_o money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n to_o be_v employ_v upon_o commodity_n and_o other_o mean_n whereof_o the_o balance_n can_v be_v sensible_a not_o come_v to_o be_v balance_v three_o the_o profit_n make_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n as_o also_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o the_o charge_n be_v incertain_a both_o in_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o importation_n of_o the_o other_o which_o he_o bring_v upon_o the_o balance_n by_o estimate_n and_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a four_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v not_o underrate_v by_o one_o three_o part_n in_o the_o custom_n book_n in_o comparison_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n five_o the_o fine_a good_n secret_o convey_v inward_o more_o than_o outward_o by_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a be_v but_o a_o supposition_n six_o the_o payment_n of_o custom_n be_v uncertain_a and_o the_o conceal_n of_o custom_n come_v to_o be_v twenty_o for_o one_o in_o the_o calculation_n make_v the_o account_n to_o be_v most_o incertain_a seventh_o and_o last_o there_o may_v be_v so_o much_o get_v by_o commodity_n export_v &_o retransport_v and_o for_o that_o gain_n foreign_a commodity_n bring_v in_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o overballance_n when_o it_o be_v not_o the_o premise_n consider_v what_o centre_n be_v there_o in_o this_o balance_n be_v it_o not_o like_a unto_o those_o great_a balloon_n that_o man_n play_v with_o all_o fill_v with_o wind_n for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o solid_a substance_n 126._o p._n 126._o but_o all_o be_v conjectural_a and_o immaginary_a neither_o be_v it_o practise_v by_o other_o prince_n and_o country_n as_o he_o untrue_o allege_v for_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v careful_a to_o augment_v trade_n by_o increase_v of_o their_o manufacture_n and_o 〈◊〉_d sell_v they_o to_o benefit_n as_o also_o to_o make_v their_o territorâ—â—â—_n as_o it_o be_v magazine_n for_o all_o commodity_n exchange_n gain_v to_o be_v procure_v by_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n and_o as_o they_o get_v by_o commodity_n so_o do_v they_o also_o by_o money_n and_o exchange_n which_o can_v but_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a we_o all_o agree_v that_o there_o be_v a_o overballance_n which_o must_v be_v remede_v by_o the_o redress_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o by_o the_o study_n of_o balance_n which_o demonstrate_v little_a in_o truth_n and_o certainty_n but_o much_o in_o imaginâ—â—â—_n on_o and_o conceit_n it_o be_v gain_n that_o bear_v the_o sway_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o necessary_a to_o tautologize_v and_o to_o repeat_v thing_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o they_o produce_v fearful_a effect_n we_o feel_v they_o we_o complain_v of_o they_o and_o woeful_a experience_n show_v unto_o we_o that_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o reform_v they_o for_o abyssus_n abyssâ—â—_n invocat_fw-la by_o the_o aforesaid_a distinction_n every_o man_n of_o understanding_n can_v discern_v the_o particular_a &_o private_a gain_n from_o the_o general_a benefit_n whereby_o he_o may_v the_o better_o perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o misseldens_n objection_n he_o say_v 108._o p._n 108._o the_o high_a the_o exchange_n be_v in_o england_n the_o more_o loss_n be_v it_o to_o the_o taker_n and_o the_o more_o gain_n to_o the_o deliverer_n object_n 1._o object_n which_o be_v the_o merchant_n stranger_n again_o the_o high_a the_o exchange_n be_v in_o dutchland_n the_o more_o loss_n to_o the_o deliver_v and_o gain_v to_o the_o taker_n which_o be_v likewise_o there_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o this_o he_o declare_v by_o example_n this_o objection_n be_v the_o first_o pernicious_a argument_n note_v in_o this_o chapter_n which_o represent_v unto_o we_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n require_v equality_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o true_a exchange_n for_o the_o general_a good_a as_o before_o be_v demonstrate_v the_o absurdity_n of_o which_o objection_n let_v we_o now_o declare_v suppose_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v still_o at_o even_a money_n as_o it_o be_v about_o 80_o year_n past_a as_o have_v be_v declare_v namely_o at_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o with_o we_o which_o be_v a_o low_a exchange_n upon_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n a_o merchant_n stranger_n sell_v here_o his_o foreign_a commodity_n buy_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o enhanced_a coin_n find_v this_o low_a exchange_n to_o make_v his_o return_n by_o will_v resolve_v either_o to_o buy_v our_o commodity_n or_o to_o export_v our_o money_n for_o by_o this_o low_a exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o very_a great_a loser_n so_o that_o our_o english_a merchant_n shall_v find_v no_o money_n to_o be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n to_o make_v their_o ready_a employment_n upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v buy_v they_o or_o else_o the_o money_n will_v be_v convey_v away_o for_o the_o most_o part_n notwithstanding_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n which_o as_o it_o be_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o realm_n so_o be_v it_o to_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o particular_a who_o may_v have_v employ_v the_o same_o so_o then_o è_fw-la contrario_fw-la the_o low_a the_o exchange_n be_v in_o england_n the_o less_o money_n answ._n 1._o answ._n be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n unto_o english_a merchant_n and_o the_o more_o be_v the_o trade_n drive_v into_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n hand_n as_o also_o the_o more_o money_n be_v export_v again_o the_o low_a that_o the_o exchange_n be_v in_o dutchland_n the_o less_o money_n be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n there_o and_o the_o more_o 〈…〉_o be_v import_v both_o by_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n which_o bring_v a_o overballance_a and_o increase_v the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o be_v also_o a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o importation_n because_o their_o money_n be_v enhance_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o one_o extremity_n enforce_v another_o what_o be_v now_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o rather_o particular_a the_o general_a benefit_n to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o particular_a which_o of_o these_o extreme_n shall_v take_v place_n the_o one_o contern_v the_o general_a welfare_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o other_o concern_v private_a merchant_n shall_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n be_v prefer_v whereby_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v enrich_v and_o the_o private_a be_v abolish_v which_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n yes_o questionless_a but_o this_o reformation_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n object_n 2d_o object_n threaten_v the_o decay_n of_o cloth_n trade_n for_o the_o exchange_n be_v that_o 109._o p._n 109._o which_o represent_v to_o our_o english_a merchant_n his_o whole_a estate_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o his_o ready_a use_n and_o employment_n thereof_o in_o england_n upon_o all_o occasion_n so_o that_o if_o there_o shall_v