the_o inquisitive_a as_o for_o the_o general_a present_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n i_o shall_v comprise_v it_o with_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o netherlands_o in_o the_o 181_o chapter_n follow_v the_o first_o earldom_n account_v one_o of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n be_v flanders_n so_o call_v peradventure_o à _fw-la flando_fw-la as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o wind_n divide_v into_o imperialem_fw-la gallicam_fw-la and_o tâ—…tâ—nicam_fw-la gaunt_n gaunt_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o trade_n therein_o be_v first_o gaunt_n who_o wall_n be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n the_o two_o river_n of_o scheld_v and_o ley_n run_v through_o the_o same_o and_o make_v in_o it_o 26_o island_n which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o hundred_o bridge_n and_o have_v not_o she_o often_o sedition_n ruinate_v her_o beauty_n she_o may_v have_v be_v queen_n of_o all_o the_o city_n of_o europe_n and_o here_o john_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n be_v bear_v common_o in_o history_n call_v john_n of_o gaunt_n bruges_n 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siege_n against_o the_o archduke_n of_o three_o year_n and_o three_o month_n which_o have_v make_v it_o for_o ever_o famous_a to_o posterity_n lisle_n lisle_n in_o this_o country_n of_o flanders_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o who_o language_n be_v therein_o still_o use_v be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o lisle_n account_v the_o three_o town_n of_o traffic_n in_o all_o the_o netherlands_o and_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o some_o infer_v the_o first_o invention_n of_o lay_v of_o colour_n with_o oil_n of_o make_v of_o worsted-says_a and_o many_o other_o stuff_v which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v see_v to_o come_v thence_o next_o be_v douai_n a_o university_n tournay_n tournay_n then_o tournay_n which_o be_v surprise_v and_o take_v by_o our_o henry_n viii_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1513._o to_o who_o the_o citizen_n pay_v 100000_o crown_n for_o their_o ransom_n and_o it_o be_v restore_v afterward_o to_o the_o french_a for_o the_o same_o 600000_o crown_n and_o from_o he_o final_o 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moreover_o to_o produce_v
for_o their_o coin_n their_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o ounce_n weight_n and_o this_o be_v see_v practise_v in_o massa_n and_o other_o kingdom_n also_o thereabouts_o congo_n of_o lumache_n in_o congo_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n be_v take_v up_o along_o the_o seashore_n great_a store_n of_o shell_n fish_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a use_v in_o tombuto_n call_v lumache_n which_o they_o distinguish_v male_a and_o female_a the_o shell_n whereof_o be_v there_o account_v a_o coin_n and_o wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o buy_v both_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o with_o silver_n or_o gold_n either_o in_o mass_n or_o coin_n can_v they_o not_o buy_v any_o other_o thing_n needful_a whatsoever_o melinda_n of_o glass-bead_n in_o melinda_n in_o melinda_n they_o have_v little_a ball_n of_o glass_n in_o manner_n of_o our_o red_a bead_n which_o come_v to_o they_o from_o cambaia_n and_o other_o place_n and_o these_o be_v their_o coin_n and_o money_n and_o with_o they_o gold_n be_v neither_o find_v 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and_o upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o predominant_a point_n of_o traffic_n affirm_v that_o all_o coin_n in_o the_o general_n have_v be_v nominate_v by_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n 1._o moneta_n 2._o nummus_fw-la 3._o pecunia_n the_o reason_n give_v thereof_o be_v these_o moneta_n moneta_n first_o moneta_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v that_o name_n and_o be_v derive_v à _fw-la monendo_fw-la which_o be_v to_o admonish_v and_o warn_v the_o people_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n vel_fw-la nummi_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o of_o such_o a_o sign_n or_o mark_v impress_v thereupon_o thereby_o allude_v to_o the_o fay_n of_o christ_n matth._n 22._o where_o the_o pharisee_n bring_v he_o a_o penny_n he_o thereupon_o demand_v who_o image_n and_o superscription_n that_o be_v and_o they_o answer_v caesar_n then_o say_v he_o unto_o they_o give_v therefore_o to_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n and_o unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v god_n nummus_fw-la nummus_fw-la second_o nummus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o à _fw-la numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la numine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o ducat_n be_v say_v from_o ducatus_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v from_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o roman_a king_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o 1900_o year_n pass_v command_v money_n to_o be_v make_v whereof_o ever_o since_o after_o his_o name_n every_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v nummus_fw-la or_o again_o as_o some_o hold_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o nomos_n which_o signify_v a_o law_n and_o impli_v as_o much_o as_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o such_o a_o commonwealth_n have_v ordain_v money_n from_o who_o it_o have_v take_v a_o certain_a price_n and_o value_n pecunia_n pecunia_n three_o pecunia_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o ox_n wherein_o be_v say_v to_o consist_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o whereon_o the_o figure_n thereof_o be_v stamp_v and_o be_v constive_v to_o be_v all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n want_v the_o form_n of_o man_n and_o some_o hold_n that_o the_o name_n of_o money_n signify_v not_o only_a money_n number_v or_o tell_v but_o also_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o movable_a as_o immovable_a liquid_a as_o solid_a and_o in_o general_a all_o thing_n whatsoever_o man_n have_v upon_o earth_n from_o these_o three_o name_n and_o kind_n grow_v first_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o particular_a distinction_n and_o nomination_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o species_n as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o worth_n and_o esteem_n among_o they_o for_o they_o have_v then_o in_o use_n certain_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n denarii_fw-la denarii_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v in_o value_n ten_o piece_n of_o the_o copper_n it_o be_v call_v denarius_fw-la and_o because_o every_o 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the_o same_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a magistrate_n crime_n coin_n debase_v or_o alter_v be_v a_o capital_a crime_n it_o be_v hold_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o all_o country_n either_o to_o deface_v mend_v alter_v or_o any_o way_n to_o debase_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o just_o the_o circumstance_n consider_v do_v the_o coin_n of_o prince_n current_n in_o all_o their_o country_n challenge_v a_o principal_a part_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o universal_a commerce_n of_o the_o world_n a_o table_n show_v the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower_n standard_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n and_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o several_a coin_n of_o foreign_a nation_n both_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o they_o be_v assay_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n june_n 1651._o the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n the_o weight_n by_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o value_n 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on_o they_o and_o hang_v they_o up_o in_o house_n to_o dry_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o will_v else_o scorch_v it_o to_o powder_n and_o in_o a_o month_n time_n or_o long_o the_o leaf_n be_v strip_v from_o the_o stalk_n which_o be_v do_v common_o in_o moist_a weather_n and_o then_o sit_v to_o be_v pack_v in_o cask_n or_o make_v up_o into_o roll_n those_o stalk_n which_o be_v let_v grow_v for_o seed_n the_o top_n be_v not_o take_v off_o but_o let_v run_v to_o their_o full_a length_n which_o be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n and_o be_v ripe_a also_o in_o august_n the_o stalk_n of_o tobacco_n be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o child_n arm_n and_o in_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n may_v grow_v fifteen_o hundred_o weight_n of_o good_a tobacco_n new-england_n new-england_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o new-england_n for_o trade_n and_o every_o other_o respect_n be_v boston_n of_o late_a very_o much_o enlarge_v it_o have_v two_o meeting-house_n about_o a_o thousand_o family_n the_o build_n for_o the_o generality_n with_o timber_n a_o few_o with_o brick_n but_o most_o brick_n chimney_n a_o statehouse_n new_o erect_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a street_n charlestown_n be_v not_o much_o increase_v in_o building_n and_o have_v but_o a_o small_a trade_n salem_n much_o increase_v in_o building_n and_o trade_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fish_n there_o and_o at_o marblehead_n the_o next_o neighbour_n pescataqua_n river_n afford_v timber_n pipestave_n board_n mast_n as_o also_o fish_n from_o isle-shoal_n thrive_v much_o and_o begin_v to_o draw_v a_o trade_n these_o be_v all_o the_o most_o remarkable_a place_n or_o seaport_n for_o traffic_n at_o present_a plymouth_n jurisdiction_n connectacute_n jurisdiction_n and_o all_o the_o town_n upon_o that_o river_n as_o also_o new-haven_n jurisdiction_n and_o town_n there_o afford_v little_a else_o but_o provision_n with_o which_o they_o supply_v this_o town_n of_o boston_n and_o the_o dutch_a at_o manatos_n as_o indeed_o all_o other_o island_n plantation_n and_o island_n do_v as_o martins_z vineyard_n road_n island_n long_a island_n shelter_n island_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o all_o other_o part_n and_o island_n to_o the_o eastward_o which_o be_v but_o so_o many_o scatter_a petty_a place_n where_o people_n raise_v only_a provision_n of_o which_o all_o that_o possible_o they_o can_v spare_v be_v bring_v by_o trade_n boat_n to_o beston_n which_o be_v the_o centre_n the_o governor_n as_o also_o all_o other_o magistrate_n and_o subordinate_a officer_n be_v all_o choose_v by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o freeman_n annual_o but_o none_o be_v make_v free_a till_o first_o he_o be_v a_o member_n of_o some_o congregational_a church_n here_o for_o their_o religion_n be_v protestantism_n indifferent_a between_o independent_a and_o presbyterian_a here_o be_v no_o toleration_n for_o anabaptist_n papist_n nor_o quaker_n nor_o any_o such_o sectary_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o sow_v sedition_n or_o disturb_v the_o peace_n but_o such_o as_o will_v sit_v down_o and_o attend_v the_o way_n of_o god_n though_o they_o join_v not_o with_o they_o may_v be_v quiet_a but_o no_o child_n be_v permit_v baptism_n except_o either_o the_o father_n or_o mother_n or_o both_o be_v a_o member_n of_o some_o congregation_n but_o now_o of_o late_a if_o the_o grandfather_n etc._n etc._n do_v present_v the_o child_n he_o be_v a_o member_n though_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v none_o it_o be_v accept_v the_o chief_a place_n for_o to_o ride_v load_n and_o unload_v be_v boston_n charlestown_n salem_n pescataqua_n where_o any_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n may_v come_v here_o be_v a_o mint_n set_v up_o a_o few_o year_n since_o and_o coin_n only_a silver_n 12_o d._n 6_o d._n 3_o d._n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o who_o bring_v many_o base_a new_a peru_n piece_n of_o eight_o which_o be_v discover_v a_o act_n be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o go_v for_o current_a payment_n so_o the_o people_n into_o who_o hand_n they_o be_v scatter_v be_v hereby_o necessitate_v to_o have_v they_o resin_a and_o so_o coin_v which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o standard_n and_o though_o there_o be_v much_o loss_n yet_o something_o be_v save_v mexico_n and_o sevil_n rial_n of_o eight_o pass_v for_o five_o shilling_n per_fw-la piece_n and_o so_o the_o small_a proportional_o in_o coinage_n they_o will_v yield_v 5_o s._n 3_o d._n if_o good_a all_o charge_n deduct_v now_o to_o carry_v out_o above_o five_o pound_n at_o a_o time_n for_o necessary_a expense_n here_o be_v no_o rise_n nor_o fall_v of_o money_n if_o bullion_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o coin_v it_o will_v turn_v to_o account_v and_o purchase_v the_o good_n of_o the_o country_n soon_o than_o good_n and_o cheap_a account_n be_v keep_v by_o merchant_n such_o as_o can_v do_v it_o according_a to_o the_o italian_a manner_n and_o express_v their_o money_n by_o pound_n shilling_n penny_n interest_n be_v set_v by_o law_n not_o to_o exceee_v eight_o per_fw-la cent_n per_fw-la ann_n our_o weight_n be_v according_a to_o the_o english_a 112_o to_o the_o hundred_o averdupois_n sixteen_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n silk_n silver_n troy_n weight_n the_o dry_a measure_n for_o corn_n salt_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o the_o winchester_n bushel_n strike_v coal_n apple_n onion_n etc._n etc._n heap_v a_o boad_n and_o shoe_n all_o one_o measure_n wine_n oil_n and_o all_o liquid_a measure_n by_o the_o gallon_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v ell_n of_o 45_o inch_n and_o yard_n of_o 36_o inch_n as_o in_o england_n they_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v so_o high_a as_o to_o transport_v manufacture_n of_o their_o own_o for_o they_o can_v supply_v themselves_o the_o commodity_n export_v be_v fish_n beef_n pork_n biscuit_n flour_n some_o corn_n sometime_o beaver_n musk-skin_n otter-skin_n pipestave_n board_n mast_n all_o sort_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v vend_v here_o if_o such_o as_o the_o country_n afford_v will_v purchase_v they_o with_o the_o commodity_n above_o express_v and_o they_o be_v still_o clothe_v with_o english_a drapery_n for_o the_o colour_n the_o new_a be_v now_o best_a in_o request_n for_o the_o quantity_n all_o sort_n of_o course_n and_o fine_a linen_n and_o woollen_a shoe_n stocking_n thread_n button_n and_o pedlery_n ware_n silk_n ribond_n lace_n pewter_n lead_v shot_n powder_n small_a artillery_n malt_n wine_n strong-water_n oil_n fruit_n salt_n etc._n etc._n for_o take_v notice_n we_o as_o other_o plantation_n want_v almost_o every_o thing_n but_o the_o particular_n above_o express_v i_o think_v scarce_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n do_v suffice_v per_fw-la annum_fw-la the_o english_a in_o these_o part_n here_o be_v as_o yet_o no_o society_n begin_v to_o encourage_v trade_n and_o the_o encouragement_n to_o manusacture_n will_v be_v of_o necessity_n as_o people_n grow_v numerous_a monopoly_n here_o be_v none_o only_o the_o trade_n with_o the_o indian_n for_o poultry_n be_v commit_v to_o a_o few_o nothing_o prohibit_v but_o provision_n which_o be_v forfeit_v if_o it_o be_v land_v without_o licence_n for_o custom_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v none_o upon_o any_o commodity_n from_o any_o part_n bring_v in_o by_o inhabitant_n or_o stranger_n either_o for_o importation_n or_o exportation_n of_o aught_o only_o upon_o wine_n and_o strong-water_n which_o pay_v importation_n canary_n malago_n and_o sherry_n ten_o shilling_n per_fw-la butt_n madera_n lisbon_n and_o greek_n six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n per_fw-la pipe_n fial_n five_o shilling_n per_fw-la pipe_n all_o strong-water_n forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la tun_n to_o make_v entry_n of_o they_o before_o land_v or_o else_o forfeit_v consolage_n none_o factorage_n from_o five_o to_o ten_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o sale_n and_o return_n no_o rate_n set_v but_o as_o the_o principal_a and_o factor_n agree_v other_o charge_n be_v boat-hire_n wharsage_n porterage_n and_o warehouse_n room_n for_o tret_n allowance_n or_o overplus_n etc._n etc._n be_v none_o allow_v here_o yet_o only_a custom_n have_v creep_v upon_o we_o in_o the_o sale_n of_o sugar_n to_o allow_v for_o tare_n of_o the_o cask_n as_o it_o be_v in_o london_n the_o most_o of_o our_o negotiation_n for_o want_n of_o money_n be_v in_o a_o way_n of_o barter_v and_o do_v agree_v in_o what_o commodity_n to_o pay_v and_o at_o what_o rate_n and_o time_n little_a ship_n here_o but_o small_a cross_v from_o twenty_o to_o eighty_o and_o a_o hundred_o tun_n and_o most_o catch_n employ_v to_o the_o western_a island_n madara_n virginia_n and_o caribbe_n island_n few_o or_o no_o nation_n but_o our_o own_o frequent_a here_o the_o chief_a fish_n be_v make_v dry_a dry_v cod_n or_o poor_a jack_n which_o be_v take_v by_o hook_n and_o line_n in_o shallop_n the_o season_v the_o spring_n and_o fall_v the_o time_n for_o lade_n the_o spring_n fish_n which_o be_v the_o best_a be_v in_o june_n the_o fall_v fish_n in_o october_n
common_a money_n here_o current_a be_v call_v the_o pardaus_n xeraphin_n coin_v here_o and_o worth_a 300_o res_n of_o portugal_n and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o three_o teston_n which_o be_v english_a money_n about_o four_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a one_o pardon_n be_v five_o tanga_n which_o be_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o be_v in_o both_o sort_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o use_n as_o account_v five_o tanga_n bad_a money_n be_v the_o same_o in_o worth_a as_o four_o tanga_n of_o good_a money_n one_o tanga_n be_v worth_a four_o good_a ventins_n and_o five_o bad_a ventins_n a_o coin_n also_o imaginary_a and_o not_o real_a and_o be_v worth_a seventy_o five_o basaruco_n a_o vintin_n be_v worth_a 15_o bad_a basaruco_n and_o 18_o good_a basaruco_n which_o be_v the_o low_a and_o small_a coin_n here_o in_o use_n tree_n basaruco_n be_v worth_a two_o res_fw-la of_o portugal_n money_n and_o by_o this_o account_n the_o pardu_fw-fr sheraphin_n be_v worth_a 375_o basaruco_n and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o proper_a coin_n of_o goa_n the_o other_o here_o current_n be_v the_o persia_n larin_n a_o coin_n of_o very_o fine_a silver_n and_o worth_a 110_o basaruco_n the_o pagode_n of_o gold_n worth_a about_o 10_o tanga_n be_v 8_o s._n sterling_a the_o venetiander_n of_o gold_n worth_a 2_o pardaus_n sheraphin_n the_o st_n thomas_n of_o gold_n worth_a 8_o tanga_n the_o rial_n of_o â—_o call_v pardaus_fw-la de_fw-fr reales_n worth_n common_o 440_o res_n of_o portugal_n but_o these_o and_o the_o larin_n of_o persia_n may_v here_o be_v account_v for_o commodity_n rise_v and_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o the_o occasion_n of_o merchant_n enforce_v they_o sheraffâ—…_n sheraffâ—…_n but_o note_n that_o all_o money_n be_v here_o pay_v and_o receive_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o sheraff_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n in_o turkey_n and_o other_o eastern_a country_n who_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n and_o damage_n either_o in_o tale_n or_o goodness_n for_o a_o small_a consideration_n and_o by_o the_o portugal_n term_v cernidor_n goa_n weight_n of_o goa_n the_o weight_n common_a in_o goa_n and_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n be_v divers_a the_o usual_a know_v be_v as_o in_o portugal_n the_o quintal_n and_o the_o rove_n and_o this_o be_v most_o in_o use_n for_o all_o european_a commodity_n but_o they_o have_v in_o use_v another_o proper_a for_o honey_n sugar_n butter_n which_o be_v call_v the_o maund_v be_v 12_o l._n of_o the_o weight_n abovementioned_a another_o proper_a only_a to_o pepper_n and_o other_o such_o indian_a spice_n they_o have_v which_o they_o call_v the_o bahar_n account_v three_o quintal_n and_o a_o half_a of_o portugal_n weight_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mere_a concordancy_n that_o it_o have_v with_o the_o hundred_o of_o london_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n further_o thereof_o goa_n measure_n of_o goa_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v in_o lisborn_n the_o measure_n of_o grain_n rice_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n be_v call_v a_o medida_n be_v about_o a_o spâ—…_n high_a and_o half_a a_o finger_n broad_a 24_o whereof_o be_v account_v a_o maund_v maunds_z 20_o be_v account_v one_o candil_n which_o be_v about_o 14_o bushel_n english_a and_o by_o this_o measure_n they_o account_v their_o tonnage_n in_o ship_v yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o rice_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o fardo_n be_v round_o bundle_v wrap_v in_o straw_n and_o bind_v about_o with_o cord_n and_o these_o shall_v weigh_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n 3½_n maunds_z there_o be_v upon_o this_o coast_n a_o great_a trade_n in_o use_n for_o pearl_n which_o because_o it_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o this_o and_o other_o place_n of_o india_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a i_o shall_v show_v the_o manner_n thereof_o pearl_n the_o order_n how_o they_o fish_n and_o trade_n for_o pearl_n the_o fish_n for_o pearl_n begin_v yearly_a in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o continue_v but_o 50_o day_n but_o yet_o they_o fish_v not_o always_o in_o one_o place_n every_o year_n but_o change_v their_o place_n by_o certain_a appoint_v and_o settle_a order_n among_o the_o principal_a that_o have_v the_o oversight_n thereof_o now_o when_o the_o time_n of_o this_o fish_n draw_v near_o than_o they_o send_v very_o good_a divers_a that_o go_v purposely_o to_o discover_v where_o the_o great_a heap_n of_o oyster_n be_v under_o water_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n opposite_a to_o that_o place_n there_o they_o set_v up_o and_o plant_v a_o village_n with_o house_n and_o a_o bazaro_n or_o marketplace_n of_o stone_n and_o other_o material_n which_o stand_v as_o long_o as_o the_o fish_n time_n last_v and_o be_v for_o that_o time_n furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a which_o now_o and_o then_o happen_v to_o be_v near_o unto_o place_n inhabit_v and_o now_o and_o then_o afar_o off_o according_a to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o year_n fish_v the_o fisherman_n themselves_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n christian_n native_n of_o that_o country_n neither_o be_v any_o other_o debar_v from_o this_o fish_n that_o will_v pay_v a_o certain_a tribute_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o to_o the_o jesuit_n who_o have_v sundry_a church_n upon_o that_o coast_n now_o during_o the_o say_a fish_v there_o be_v always_o maintain_v three_o or_o four_o fast_n or_o galliots_n arm_v to_o defend_v the_o fisher_n from_o injury_n and_o rover_n the_o order_n of_o which_o fish_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v thus_o there_o be_v common_o three_o or_o four_o bark_n and_o their_o company_n that_o make_v consortship_n together_o much_o resemble_v our_o english_a pilot-boat_n have_v eight_o or_o ten_o man_n in_o a_o boat_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o go_v out_o together_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o anchor_n in_o 15_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o this_o whole_a coast_n and_o be_v thus_o moor_v to_o their_o anchor_n they_o cast_v a_o rope_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o rope_n usual_o make_v fast_o a_o great_a stone_n and_o then_o they_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o diver_n who_o have_v his_o nose_n and_o his_o ear_n well_o stop_v and_o anoint_v with_o oil_n and_o a_o basket_n fasten_v about_o his_o neck_n or_o under_o his_o left_a arm_n then_o he_o sink_v down_o by_o the_o say_a rope_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o as_o fast_o as_o he_o can_v be_v fill_v the_o say_a basket_n and_o be_v full_a he_o than_o shake_v the_o rope_n and_o his_o fellow_n that_o hold_v the_o other_o end_n and_o be_v in_o their_o bark_n instant_o hale_v he_o up_o with_o his_o fill_v basket_n and_o in_o this_o wise_a they_o go_v one_o by_o one_o until_o they_o have_v lade_v their_o say_a boat_n with_o oyster_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n return_v a_o shore_n to_o the_o village_n every_o company_n make_v their_o own_o heap_n or_o mount_v of_o oyster_n by_o themselves_o one_o distant_a from_o another_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a long_a row_n of_o mount_n or_o heap_n of_o oyster_n which_o remain_v untouched_a until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o fish_n be_v end_v and_o at_o the_o end_n whereof_o every_o company_n sit_v down_o about_o their_o mount_n or_o heap_n and_o fall_v to_o open_v of_o they_o which_o they_o may_v easy_o do_v because_o that_o then_o they_o be_v both_o dry_a dead_a and_o brittle_a and_o if_o every_o oyster_n shall_v prove_v to_o have_v pearl_n in_o they_o it_o will_v prove_v a_o very_a good_a purchase_n unto_o they_o but_o many_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o pearl_n at_o all_o in_o they_o therefore_o when_o their_o fish_n be_v do_v they_o then_o perceive_v whether_o their_o say_a fish_n and_o gather_v prove_v good_a or_o bad_a now_o there_o be_v certain_a man_n expert_a in_o the_o choice_n and_o distinction_n of_o pearl_n which_o here_o they_o call_v chittini_fw-la which_o set_v and_o make_v the_o price_n of_o pearl_n according_a to_o their_o carract_n each_o carack_n be_v four_o grain_n and_o these_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o copper_n have_v hole_n therein_o of_o several_a greatness_n serve_v to_o distinguish_v the_o sort_n to_o which_o also_o they_o consider_v their_o beauty_n and_o goodness_n and_o then_o thereof_o make_v four_o several_a sort_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o round_a pearl_n which_o they_o call_v aia_n or_o unia_fw-la of_o portugal_n because_o the_o portugal_n by_o they_o the_o second_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o round_o be_v call_v aia_n of_o bengala_n the_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o second_o they_o call_v aia_n of_o canora_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bisnagar_n the_o four_o and_o last_o and_o
land_n sometime_o win_v and_o sometime_o lose_v according_a to_o both_o their_o force_n and_o fortune_n in_o all_o their_o occasion_n add_v violence_n to_o trade_n trade_v peaceable_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o choose_v and_o rob_v and_o pilfer_v when_o and_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o make_v up_o their_o mouth_n to_o profit_n in_o which_o practice_n of_o trade_n and_o thievery_n or_o thievish_a trade_n i_o leave_v they_o and_o those_o island_n and_o come_v next_o to_o java_n chap._n civ_o of_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o this_o tract_n be_v find_v java_n major_a and_o java_n minor_a the_o great_a be_v in_o compass_n 3000_o and_o the_o lesser_a 2000_o mile_n the_o nearness_n of_o these_o two_o island_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v these_o country_n so_o wonderful_a fertile_a that_o they_o be_v term_v the_o epitome_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a city_n here_o be_v palauban_n mega_n pegar_o agaim_n and_o ballambua_n and_o in_o the_o lesser_a java_n bosnia_n samara_n limbri_n and_o other_o but_o their_o principal_a trade_n be_v drive_v at_o sunda_n calapa_n bantam_n jacatra_n now_o baptize_v by_o the_o dutch_a batavia_n and_o last_o japarra_n in_o which_o three_o last_n the_o english_a have_v residence_n and_o factory_n island_n commodity_n of_o java_n island_n the_o commodity_n of_o these_o island_n be_v rice_n in_o abundance_n ox_n kine_n hog_n sheep_n indian_a nut_n and_o all_o provision_n for_o food_n also_o all_o kind_n of_o spice_n as_o clove_n nutmeg_n and_o mace_n which_o the_o native_a merchant_n transport_v to_o malacca_n and_o other_o neighbour_a island_n in_o great_a measure_n also_o pepper_n in_o great_a quantity_n esteem_v far_o better_a than_o that_o of_o india_n or_o malabar_n principal_o grow_v about_o the_o strait_n of_o sunda_n of_o which_o there_o be_v yearly_o lade_v hence_o about_o ten_o thousand_o quintal_n english_a it_o have_v also_o much_o frankincense_n benjamin_n camphora_n also_o diamond_n and_o many_o other_o precious_a stone_n which_o be_v find_v therein_o javas_n commodity_n of_o india_n fit_a for_o javas_n the_o fit_a and_o most_o proper_a commodity_n for_o these_o island_n trade_n be_v divers_a and_o different_a sort_n and_o colour_n of_o cotton_n linen_n which_o be_v make_v at_o cambaia_n cormandel_n and_o bengala_n call_v serass_n sarampurus_n cassus_fw-la sateposas_fw-la black_a cannequin_n red_a turrias_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o sort_n find_v make_v in_o the_o place_n abovesaid_a jacatra_n batavia_n alias_o jacatra_n here_o the_o hollander_n be_v find_v to_o be_v master_n of_o jacatra_n of_o late_a year_n call_v by_o they_o batavia_n the_o best_a and_o great_a port_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o rendezvous_n in_o these_o part_n where_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o have_v so_o fortify_v themselves_o that_o they_o prescribe_v law_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o endeavour_v to_o debar_v both_o english_a and_o all_o other_o from_o enjoy_v any_o benefit_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o jacatra_n coin_n current_a in_o java_n sunda_fw-la bantam_n jacatra_n in_o sunda_fw-la which_o i_o account_v here_o as_o the_o principal_a mart_n town_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o great_a in_o java_n major_a they_o have_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n than_o certain_a copper_n piece_n mint_v which_o they_o call_v caixa_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v a_o hole_n to_o hang_v they_o on_o string_n for_o common_o they_o put_v 200_o or_o a_o 1000_o upon_o one_o string_n wherewith_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o by_o this_o follow_a account_n a_o satta_n be_v 200_o caixas_n five_o satta_n be_v 1000_o caixa_n which_o be_v a_o crusado_n portugal_n money_n or_o about_o 6_o shilling_n sterling_a jacatra_n account_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n the_o merchant_n of_o europe_n here_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o and_o penny_n account_v 60_o penny_n to_o the_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o spanish_a sunda_fw-la weight_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la the_o weight_n at_o bantam_n jacatra_n japarra_n and_o at_o sunda_fw-la be_v the_o picul_n the_o cattee_n and_o babar_n a_o cattee_n being_n less_o than_o the_o cattee_n of_o maccau_n contain_v but_o 20_o ounce_n english_a and_o the_o other_o 20_o ¾_n ounce_n a_o picul_n be_v 100_o cattee_n and_o consequent_o be_v 125_o l._n english_a a_o bahar_n be_v 330_o cattee_n of_o china_n of_o 20_o ounce_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o may_v make_v in_o england_n 412_o l._n sunda_fw-la measure_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la their_o measure_n for_o length_n be_v their_o dry_a measure_n for_o grain_n rice_n and_o pepper_n be_v a_o timbam_fw-la and_o contain_v ten_o sack_n principal_o use_v in_o pepper_n and_o rice_n consist_v of_o five_o picul_n so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n each_o sack_n shall_v contain_v in_o weight_n 62½_n l._n english_a two_o sack_n for_o a_o picul_n javas_n price_n of_o commodity_n in_o javas_n the_o common_a price_n of_o commodity_n as_o i_o find_v they_o here_o observe_v be_v pepper_n of_o sunda_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o sack_n weigh_v ½_n a_o picul_n or_o 45_o cattee_n of_o china_n each_o cattee_n be_v 20_o ounce_n at_o 5000_o caixa_n and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o high_a at_o 6_o or_o 7000_o caixa_n mace_n clove_n nutmeg_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n and_o camphora_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bahar_n good_a mace_n common_o sell_v for_o 120_o thousand_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n and_o good_a clove_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n but_o bad_a and_o foul_a clove_n be_v sell_v at_o 70_o or_o 80000_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n nutmeg_n common_o sell_v for_o 20_o or_o 25_o thousand_o caixa'_v the_o bahar_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n sell_v for_o 150_o or_o 180_o thousand_o caixa_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a good_a 200_o thousand_o the_o bahar_n but_o how_o far_o these_o agree_v with_o the_o now_o common_a current_a rate_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v chap._n cv_o of_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o summatra_n ancient_o traprobana_n and_o solomon_n suppose_v ophir_n be_v esteem_v the_o big_a island_n in_o the_o world_n but_o modern_a experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a be_v only_o 700_o mile_n long_o and_o 200_o mile_n broad_a summatra_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n summatra_n the_o aequator_fw-la cut_v through_o it_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n vicinity_n make_v it_o abound_v in_o several_a precious_a commodity_n for_o traffic_n as_o first_o it_o have_v pepper_n in_o abundance_n whereof_o above_o twenty_o ship_n of_o burden_n be_v hence_o yearly_o lade_v also_o ginger_n alces_fw-la cassia_n raw_a silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n brass_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o prince_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o king_n of_o pedor_n and_o achin_n it_o be_v here_o a_o custom_n that_o the_o native_n do_v eat_v their_o slay_a enemy_n and_o do_v erst_o account_v their_o skull_n for_o a_o great_a treasure_n which_o they_o exchange_v for_o other_o necessary_n he_o be_v account_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v most_o store_n of_o they_o in_o his_o house_n this_o custom_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v for_o the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n from_o other_o country_n thither_o of_o late_a year_n have_v bring_v silver_n and_o gold_n in_o request_n among_o they_o have_v make_v they_o since_o know_v better_o summatra_n rarity_n find_v in_o summatra_n in_o this_o island_n be_v find_v a_o hill_n of_o brimstone_n continual_o burn_v and_o two_o very_a strange_a and_o admirable_a fountain_n the_o one_o yield_v pure_a and_o excellent_a balsamum_n and_o the_o other_o most_o excellent_a oil_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o island_n be_v daren_n pasen_n and_o androgede_o the_o habitation_n of_o so_o many_o king_n java_n achin_n tico_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n english_a factory_n in_o java_n but_o the_o principal_a place_n and_o part_n for_o trade_n know_v to_o the_o european_n be_v dachem_n or_o achin_n ticko_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n all_o maritime_a and_o good_a harbour_n where_o the_o english_a be_v find_v to_o have_v residence_n and_o factory_n also_o pedir_n campar_n and_o manancabo_n to_o the_o which_o the_o portugal_n general_o do_v trade_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n transport_v the_o native_a commedity_n of_o this_o their_o island_n to_o malucca_n which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o twenty_o mile_n off_o be_v not_o much_o trouble_v with_o the_o portugal_n commerce_n though_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o the_o dutch_a have_v of_o late_o get_v footing_n and_o build_v fortress_n to_o their_o as_o great_a trouble_n vexation_n and_o slavery_n etc._n coin_n current_a in_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n etc._n etc._n within_o these_o few_o year_n these_o islander_n be_v not_o know_v to_o have_v any_o coin_n current_a in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n among_o they_o but_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n
chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n â—0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o
or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101â…ž_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98â…”_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101â…”_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1â…”_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o aâ—…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3â…“_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v
may_v be_v some_o benefit_n to_o a_o merchant_n for_o by_o this_o rule_n the_o great_a loggerhead_n shall_v have_v consequent_o the_o large_a measure_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v a_o loop_n 23_o loop_n make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n in_o london_n chap._n ccxix_o of_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscovia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o moscovia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o tartary_n on_o the_o west_n with_o livonia_n lituania_n and_o part_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o freeze_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o turk_n and_o palus_n mâ—…otis_n moscovia_n commodity_n of_o moscovia_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n fur_n of_o many_o sort_n flax_n hemp_n whales-grease_n honey_n wax_n canvas_n rope_n cable_n caviar_n astrican_a hide_n tallow_n raw-hides_a and_o bulgars_a moscovia_n famous_a river_n of_o moscovia_n the_o many_o river_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o this_o country_n do_v much_o further_a trade_n in_o general_a fâ—st_n tanais_n which_o disburthen_v itself_o into_o palus_n moeotis_n second_o dunia_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o scythian_a sea_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n where_o our_o english_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o northern_a passage_n use_v to_o land_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o all_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n three_o boristhenes_n that_o enter_v into_o pontus_n euxinus_n four_o onega_n which_o open_v itself_o into_o the_o balâ—…k_n sea_n and_o last_o volga_n which_o with_o no_o less_o than_o 70_o mouth_n disgorge_v itself_o into_o the_o caspian_a this_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o nine_o principal_a province_n which_o together_o with_o the_o chief_a town_n thereof_o i_o shall_v only_o touch_v novograde_a novograde_a novogradia_n be_v first_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v novograde_a seat_v on_o the_o dunia_n and_o once_o one_o of_o the_o four_o ancient_a mart-town_n of_o europe_n now_o of_o late_a decay_a since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o new_a passage_n unto_o the_o town_n of_o st._n nicholas_n by_o the_o river_n obye._n plescovia_n plescovia_n plescovia_n be_v the_o second_o wherein_o be_v the_o city_n plescove_n the_o only_o wall_a city_n in_o moscovia_n and_o yet_o of_o no_o great_a eminence_n veladomira_n veladomira_n valadomira_n be_v the_o next_o have_v also_o a_o town_n of_o that_o name_n rhesen_n rhesen_n rhesen_fw-mi be_v the_o four_o wonderful_a plenty_n in_o corn_n that_o neither_o can_v bird_n fly_v nor_o horse_n run_v through_o it_o for_o thickness_n the_o chief_a town_n rhesen_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o moscovia_n abound_v in_o grain_n honey_n fish_n and_o fowl_n without_o number_n servia_n servia_n servia_n be_v the_o five_o the_o chief_a town_n be_v staradab_n and_o pativola_n permia_n permia_n permia_n be_v the_o six_o the_o chief_a city_n â—s_v sickwiardley_n abound_v in_o stag_n candora_n candora_n candora_n be_v the_o seven_o petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-la petrosa_fw-mi be_v the_o eight_o in_o both_o these_o country_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v live_v under_o ground_n and_o have_v for_o half_a the_o year_n together_o perpetual_a day_n and_o the_o other_o half_a perpetual_a night_n as_o situate_v beyond_o the_o arctic_a moscovia_n moscovia_n moscovia_n be_v the_o nine_o moscow_n moscow_n and_o so_o name_v of_o the_o principal_a city_n moscow_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n round_o have_v therein_o 16_o church_n of_o which_o the_o one_o half_a be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o dirt_n as_o most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o emperor_n palace_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o be_v fortify_v with_o 3_o bulwark_n and_o 17_o turret_n continual_o guard_v with_o 25000_o soldier_n this_o be_v the_o most_o populous_a province_n of_o all_o this_o great_a empire_n for_o it_o extend_v 2000_o mile_n in_o length_n smalensko_n smalensko_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o petty_a province_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o smalensko_n than_o toropier_n next_o colopigrod_n landiskron_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n which_o i_o willing_o omit_v till_o my_o observation_n be_v better_a the_o trade_n of_o the_o english_a be_v begin_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n and_o basiliades_n king_n of_o this_o country_n about_o the_o year_n 1575._o and_o within_o 10_o year_n after_o it_o be_v perfect_o settle_v and_o because_o the_o trade_n of_o moscovia_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o small_a circuit_n in_o these_o vast_a dominion_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a that_o i_o comprehend_v the_o same_o under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n moscow_n chap._n ccxx_o of_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o moscow_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mosco_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o this_o large_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n some_o year_n pass_v repair_v most_o fit_a for_o the_o government_n of_o so_o large_a a_o empire_n as_o account_v the_o midst_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n it_o be_v pleasant_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n mosca_n run_v into_o tanais_n where_o it_o lose_v its_o name_n and_o pass_v assaw_n disgorge_v into_o the_o palus_n meotis_n and_o so_o into_o the_o euxinus_n about_o fifty_o year_n past_o it_o be_v esteem_v ten_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o in_o its_o height_n of_o greatness_n then_o burn_v by_o the_o tartar_n wherein_o 80000_o person_n be_v consume_v and_o since_o reduce_v to_o five_o mile_n compass_n beautify_v with_o 16_o church_n some_o of_o stone_n some_o of_o timber_n and_o earth_n and_o with_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n situate_a in_o the_o very_a heart_n thereof_o enrich_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o two_o river_n for_o use_n and_o ornament_n which_o water_n two_o strong_a fort_n that_o defend_v the_o place_n nicholas_n st._n nicholas_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n nicholas_n the_o patron_n of_o this_o country_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o dunia_n or_o obby_n the_o english_a merchant_n use_v to_o land_n and_o thence_o disperse_v themselves_o to_o smalensko_n novograde_a hither_o and_o into_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n among_o who_o they_o find_v kind_a entertainment_n and_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n have_v large_a immunity_n grant_v unto_o they_o than_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n their_o traffic_v attribute_v to_o the_o never_o die_a fame_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o who_o day_n the_o trade_n be_v here_o first_o settle_v and_o to_o the_o plausible_a behaviour_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n in_o general_n moscovia_n account_n in_o moscovia_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o several_a manner_n some_o as_o the_o english_a by_o rubble_n and_o penny_n or_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n term_v they_o muskofkin_n 200_o whereof_o make_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v account_v two_o rix_n dollar_n some_o again_o as_o the_o dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n by_o rubble_n grevens_n and_o muskofkin_n or_o penny_n account_v 20_o penny_n to_o a_o greven_n and_o 10_o greven_n to_o a_o rubble_n which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n here_o this_o rubble_n be_v find_v a_o imaginary_a coin_n and_o not_o real_a moscovia_n coin_n current_a in_o moscovia_n the_o current_a money_n here_o be_v a_o capeck_n in_o value_n a_o stiver_n flemish_n and_o somewhat_o more_o than_o as_o english_a penny_n for_o 10_o capeck_n be_v a_o greven_n which_o the_o english_a call_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a because_o that_o 10_o grevens_n be_v a_o rubble_n which_o be_v 10_o shilling_n sterling_a three_o capeck_n they_o call_v a_o altine_n by_o which_o name_n all_o receipt_n and_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o bargain_v and_o contract_n 33_o altius_fw-la and_o 1_o capeck_n make_v a_o rubble_n archangel_n exchange_n of_o archangel_n at_o archangel_n be_v sound_v practise_v among_o the_o merchant_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a as_o the_o russ_n money_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o the_o english_a sometime_o among_o themselves_o give_v 11_o shilling_n and_o 11_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n sterling_a in_o england_n for_o the_o rubble_n here_o and_o the_o money_n common_o take_v there_o in_o august_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n the_o last_o of_o december_n follow_v moscovia_n weight_n of_o moscovia_n the_o weight_n of_o moscovia_n common_a in_o use_n be_v the_o pood_n for_o fine_a good_n and_o the_o bercovet_n for_o gross_a good_n the_o one_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pood_n be_v weigh_v silk_n bever-wooll_n yeft_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v account_v for_o 40_o l._n russ_n weight_n and_o 3_o pood_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v 112_o l._n english_a which_o by_o this_o computation_n shall_v make_v 37â…“_n l._n averdupois_n and_o all_o good_n there_o buy_v by_o the_o pood_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n in_o england_n by_o the_o bercovet_n be_v weigh_v
a_o desire_n to_o employ_v their_o talent_n in_o foreign_a country_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v to_o be_v perfect_v among_o they_o nature_n have_v to_o this_o end_n fit_v they_o with_o many_o goodly_a port_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o will_v in_o time_n i_o hope_v fit_v they_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o second_v by_o their_o endeavour_n what_o be_v so_o plentiful_o bestow_v by_o she_o upon_o they_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o conversation_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civiliz_n d_o english_a that_o daily_o be_v see_v to_o come_v and_o reside_v among_o they_o and_o thus_o leave_v ireland_n and_o my_o good_a wish_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o her_o traffic_n i_o hence_o pass_v over_o to_o scotland_n a_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o view_v the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclxu._n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o scotland_n be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o salway_n and_o the_o cheviot_n hill_n extend_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o vary_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n from_o england_n i_o have_v think_v good_a here_o to_o insert_v by_o itself_o scotland_n commodity_n of_o scotland_n the_o comedy_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v coarse_a clothes_n freeze_v fish_v salt_v hides_n tallow_n lead_v over_o some_o grain_n feather_n and_o other_o commodity_n as_o sea-coal_n allom_n iron_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o high-land_n and_o the_o low-land_n and_o the_o same_o into_o several_a sheriffdom_n or_o province_n in_o which_o be_v find_v these_o town_n of_o consequence_n chap._n cclxvi_o of_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o first_o edenburg_n wherein_o be_v seat_v the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n consist_v principal_o of_o one_o street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n whereto_o do_v lead_v many_o other_o petty_a lane_n make_v the_o whole_a near_o three_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o second_o town_n be_v glascow_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n the_o three_o be_v saint_n andrews_n in_o fife_n honour_v with_o many_o prerogative_n fourthly_a sterling_a then_o be_v perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n saint_n john_n town_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n scotland_n money_n of_o scotland_n their_o current_a money_n in_o merchandise_n be_v the_o proper_a coin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n both_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v usual_o find_v to_o be_v in_o gold_n in_o piece_n of_o 22_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 11_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 5._o 6_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 2._o 9_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 4._o 4⅜_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 1_o shill_n 1½_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o ½_n the_o ¾_n and_o ⅛_n thereof_o piece_n of_o 9_o 6_o d._n be_v ⅔_n of_o the_o 13_o d._n ½_n sterl_n one_o mark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr piece_n of_o ½_n which_o be_v 4½_n d._n be_v ⅓_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a again_o 13½_n d._n sterl_n be_v a_o scotch_a mark._n or_o 13_o shill_n 4._o d._n scotch_a 6⅔_n be_v a_o scotch_a noble_a 6_o shill_n 8_o d._n 20_o d._n sterl_n be_v 1½_n mark_n scotch_a or_o 1_o pound_n scotch_a of_o 20_o shill_n 20_o shill_n sterl_n be_v 18_o scotch_a mark_n beside_o which_o be_v here_o find_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o he_o that_o will_v see_v further_o into_o the_o intrinsic_n value_n and_o weight_n of_o these_o coin_n either_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o proclamation_n set_v out_o by_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n decease_v date_v in_o 1609_o which_o will_v also_o show_v their_o conformity_n to_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o current_a value_n and_o estimation_n thereof_o through_o this_o kingdom_n scotland_n exchange_n in_o scotland_n here_o be_v practise_v for_o england_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o scotch_a mark_n for_o 12_o penny_n sterling_a in_o london_n etc._n etc._n scotland_n account_n in_o scotland_n their_o account_n be_v now_o keep_v several_a way_n some_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n by_o sterling_a pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o some_o by_o their_o own_o ancient_a manner_n also_o in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n scottish_a 20_o penny_n sterling_a be_v their_o pound_n 13½_n be_v their_o mark_n and_o penny_n scottish_a of_o which_o they_o have_v some_o black_a or_o copper_n monies_n as_o babaes_n esteem_v by_o they_o for_o six_o penny_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a placks_n which_o they_o esteem_v for_o four_o penny_n and_o three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a and_o last_o piece_n call_v hard-head_n esteem_v by_o they_o at_o 1½_n penny_n but_o eight_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v yet_o current_a among_o they_o scotland_n weight_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v in_o general_n as_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o one_o weight_n for_o weigh_v of_o their_o merchandise_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n and_o all_o throughout_o england_n 108_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n london_n sotile_n be_v find_v to_o render_v here_o 92_o l._n incirca_fw-la or_o the_o 112_o l._n to_o give_v 103½_n l._n or_o thereabouts_o 100_o measure_n of_o length_n 120_o for_o 100_o their_o common_a measure_n in_o length_n for_o linens_n cloth_n silk_n or_o stuff_n be_v a_o ell_n common_a in_o use_n throughout_o scotland_n which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n differ_v from_o our_o english_a yard_n as_o be_v great_a so_o that_o whereas_o we_o allow_v 36_o inch_n to_o the_o yard_n by_o rule_n their_o ell_n may_v make_v incirca_fw-la 34½_n inch_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o trader_n hither_o that_o 75_o yard_n in_o london_n or_o ell_n 60_o ell_n have_v make_v here_o 72_o scotch_a ell_n but_o in_o their_o hundred_o by_o tale_n in_o measure_n they_o account_v six_o score_n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o in_o other_o measure_n of_o corn_n coal_n salt_n or_o liquid_a measure_n of_o beer_n ale_n wine_n oil_n and_o such_o like_a imitate_v the_o better_a experience_a to_o supply_v my_o defect_n therein_o for_o i_o hasten_v now_o towards_o england_n and_o so_o to_o london_n the_o city_n of_o my_o abode_n and_o the_o end_n of_o my_o present_a labour_n and_o by_o the_o way_n will_v observe_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o addict_v both_o to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o have_v many_o good_a help_n and_o furtherance_n there_o both_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o good_a port_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o in_o brief_a i_o may_v conclude_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n than_o the_o irish_a and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o english_a which_o yet_o by_o the_o gracious_a aspect_n of_o our_o sovereign_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o increase_v and_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n chap._n cclxvii_o of_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o have_v now_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o happy_a shore_n and_o run_v through_o the_o trade_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a know_a city_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o survey_v the_o distinct_a port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o i_o may_v not_o do_v less_o to_o our_o own_o than_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v do_v to_o other_o foreign_a country_n britain_n then_o the_o queen_n of_o island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o circuit_n 1836_o mile_n extend_v itself_o comprehend_v england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o one_o entire_a island_n which_o we_o now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n 800_o mile_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o part_n as_o into_o england_n and_o wales_n who_o trade_n we_o have_v now_o in_o hand_n and_o scotland_n who_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v chap._n cclxviii_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o wales_n then_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o division_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wie_z but_o by_o some_o by_o clauda_n offa_n or_o offa_n ditch_n or_o more_o proper_a by_o interpretation_n offa_n
city_n exchange_v and_o in_o what_o region_n or_o country_n seat_v second_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n wherein_o the_o account_n in_o that_o city_n be_v keep_v by_o exchanger_n three_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o money_n in_o use_n be_v observe_v and_o in_o what_o coin_n imaginary_a or_o real_a that_o city_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v its_o exchange_n with_o the_o other_o there_o mention_v four_o underneath_o that_o be_v orderly_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o other_o place_n the_o which_o by_o a_o line_n be_v find_v to_o be_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o and_o last_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o line_n be_v write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o city_n itself_o for_o which_o the_o say_a table_n in_o the_o say_a leaf_n be_v make_v as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o leaf_n which_o be_v for_o placentia_n in_o italy_n where_o beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v these_o word_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o the_o which_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o including_z line_n draw_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a have_v reference_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o place_n which_o be_v so_o include_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o reâ—e_n with_o genova_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n from_o one_o to_o another_o next_o to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a name_n of_o place_n follow_v the_o species_n or_o money_n exchange_v either_o by_o a_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o by_o a_o break_a and_o lesser_a denomination_n which_o the_o place_n in_o the_o table_n give_v in_o exchange_n by_o proportion_n with_o the_o other_o to_o who_o name_n the_o say_a money_n be_v place_v and_o put_v unto_o as_o to_o say_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n 100_o crown_n that_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o exchange_v between_o placentia_n and_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n be_v suppose_v and_o put_v by_o a_o equivalency_n or_o in_o value_n to_o that_o quantity_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v note_v in_o lion_n follow_v as_o in_o the_o say_a example_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o crown_n 97¾_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o say_a exchange_n that_o for_o every_o 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n or_o of_o fiera_n or_o of_o mark_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o lion_n counter-payeth_a or_o give_v 97¾_n of_o his_o crown_n that_o be_v of_o the_o sun_n also_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n crown_n 1._o for_o sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n it_o give_v or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o sell_v crownâ—_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o genova_n sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v lessen_v though_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n differ_v from_o the_o present_a rate_n yet_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v not_o any_o way_n lessen_v and_o whereas_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o these_o exchange_n may_v here_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v from_o the_o current_a rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o sundry_a place_n as_o at_o this_o very_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o that_o can_v take_v away_o the_o benefit_n that_o may_v redound_v to_o merchant_n by_o the_o use_n thereof_o nor_o prejudice_v the_o labour_n or_o judgement_n of_o he_o that_o calculate_v the_o say_a table_n because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n do_v hourly_o differ_v and_o the_o money_n also_o be_v find_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v daily_o in_o sundry_a place_n upon_o which_o these_o exchange_n have_v their_o ground_n work_v and_o foundation_n and_o though_o a_o table_n be_v calculate_v precise_o to_o this_o present_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o ever_o the_o same_o can_v be_v publish_v it_o will_v find_v a_o disagreement_n in_o divers_a place_n chap._n cclxxvi_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n example_n the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n by_o three_o example_n the_o method_n be_v thus_o understand_v the_o use_n thereof_o be_v easy_o comprehend_v which_o by_o three_o example_n i_o shall_v illustrate_v and_o make_v plain_a where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o exchange_v of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o the_o rate_n mention_v in_o this_o table_n be_v not_o observable_a save_v only_o for_o the_o example_n sake_n and_o for_o instruction_n in_o the_o contract_n that_o may_v be_v make_v thereupon_o but_o the_o rate_v agree_v upon_o and_o by_o which_o the_o exchange_n be_v condition_v by_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o taker_n be_v the_o true_a and_o firm_a rule_n whereby_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v example_n first_o example_n notwithstanding_o for_o the_o first_o example_n we_o will_v propound_v a_o question_n by_o a_o contract_a price_n according_a to_o the_o current_a rate_n mention_v in_o this_o say_a table_n and_o that_o from_o naples_n a_o merchant_n will_v exchange_v ducat_n 738._o 4._o 10._o with_o placentia_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n shuâ—_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o table_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o town_n of_o placentia_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n at_o grain_n 133_o for_o a_o crown_n by_o these_o three_o number_n in_o the_o table_n mention_v i_o work_v thus_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o thres_n say_v if_o 133_o grain_n give_v 1_o crown_n how_o many_o do_v 738_o ducat_n 4._o 10._o give_v and_o work_v arithmetical_o according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n it_o make_v 555_o crown_n 11._o 3._o of_o mark_n in_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v in_o â—…era_n of_o the_o say_v placentia_n example_n second_o example_n for_o a_o second_o example_n i_o will_v propound_v that_o naples_n will_v exchange_v 500_o ducat_n with_o placentia_n at_o sold._n 18._o 2_o d._n etc._n etc._n this_o example_n consider_v will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a save_v that_o in_o the_o former_a naples_n give_v the_o lesser_a or_o break_a number_n and_o in_o this_o naples_n give_v the_o whole_a and_o entire_a number_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o find_v to_o differ_v as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n in_o simple_a exchange_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sol._n 18._o and_o den._n 2._o of_o valentia_n be_v pay_v for_o 1_o ducat_n of_o naples_n and_o by_o that_o price_n and_o rate_n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o livre_n of_o that_o money_n of_o valentia_n the_o propose_a sum_n of_o 500_o ducat_n in_o naples_n come_v into_o and_o by_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o table_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o three_o i_o say_v if_o one_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 18_o sol._n 2_o den._n how_o many_o shall_v 500_o be_v worth_n and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o make_v 454_o liurâ—s_n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n will_v 500_o ducat_n of_o naples_n give_v at_o the_o price_n aforementioned_a thus_o example_n three_o example_n all_o other_o exchange_n have_v their_o resolution_n as_o these_o two_o former_a but_o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v true_a some_o accident_n may_v interpose_v which_o may_v cause_v the_o question_n to_o have_v a_o double_a work_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o genova_n will_v exchange_v with_o venetia_n crown_n 1000_o of_o liures_fw-fr 4._o to_o livre_n 7_o l._n 10_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n and_o the_o credit_n be_v require_v in_o ducat_n now_o then_o because_o the_o simple_a exchange_n give_v the_o money_n in_o livre_n you_o must_v make_v another_o reckon_n to_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o ducat_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o in_o any_o other_o case_n will_v i_o have_v but_o one_o account_n make_v the_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n multiply_v i_o say_v then_o if_o 1_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7._o 100_o den._n and_o that_o 6_o s._n 4_o den._n be_v worth_n one_o ducat_n how_o many_o ducat_n will_v a_o 1000_o crown_n make_v and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 1209_o ducat_n 13._o 6_o d._n for_o credit_n which_o from_o genova_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o thousand_o crown_n in_o venice_n the_o question_n be_v well_o observe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o money_n be_v account_v by_o livre_n sol_n and_o den._n or_o as_o we_o say_v in_o england_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n it_o be_v account_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o sol._n or_o shill_n 20_o
london_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o antwerp_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o pound_n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la shilling_n 35._o 6_o penny_n or_o gross_a money_n of_o antwerp_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 445_o l._n 15_o and_o six_o penny_n sterling_a how_o many_o pound_n flemish_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o antwerp_n first_o multiply_v the_o pound_n sterling_a by_o 20_o and_o bring_v they_o into_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o penny_n sterling_a do_v also_o the_o same_o with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a bring_v they_o first_o into_o shilling_n flemish_a by_o a_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o then_o to_o penny_n or_o gross_a by_o multiplication_n of_o 12_o d._n account_v the_o 35_o s._n 6_o d._n for_o l._n flem._n 1._o 15._o 6_o d._n and_o say_v then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o one_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 35._o 6_o d_o flemish_n the_o price_n propose_v what_o will_v 445_o l._n 15._o 6_o sterling_a give_v which_o will_v make_v l._n 791._o 5._o 0_o d._n flemish_n for_o which_o you_o must_v have_v credit_n in_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v more_o apparent_a when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n câ—olondâ—…_n london_n exchange_n with_o amsterâ—…_n câ—olondâ—…_n and_o note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v the_o same_o when_o that_o london_n do_v exchange_n for_o colonia_n amsterdâ—m_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n chap._n ccccxlviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n london_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o london_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o for_o conclusion_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o commission_n and_o order_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 1._o example_n 1._o to_o london_n then_o come_v order_n from_o venice_n to_o remit_v to_o they_o at_o 60_o penny_n and_o to_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 82_o per_n sterling_a the_o partido_n be_v for_o crow_n 40000_o of_o mark_n i_o find_v then_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 61_o penny_n i_o will_v know_v consider_v the_o loss_n that_o present_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o shall_v i_o draw_v my_o draught_n for_o placentia_n you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 60_o give_v penny_n 82_o the_o price_n inorder_v how_o many_o will_v penny_n 61_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v penny_n 83â…“_n sterling_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o at_o less_o must_v not_o the_o draught_n be_v for_o placentia_n 2._o example_n 2._o again_o posito_fw-la florence_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n at_o penny_n 83_o sterling_a and_o say_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 108_o and_o that_o there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o florence_n that_o at_o these_o rate_v they_o draw_v for_o london_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o remittance_n come_v from_o london_n to_o placentia_n to_o do_v this_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n of_o florence_n which_o proper_o be_v to_o the_o value_n of_o crown_n 100_o of_o mark_n by_o penny_n sterling_a 83_o as_o be_v abovementioned_a and_o out_o of_o the_o penny_n that_o be_v thence_o produce_v i_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v penny_n sterling_a 89â…”_n incirca_fw-la and_o so_o many_o penny_n together_o with_o â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n that_o be_v common_o pay_v in_o florence_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o london_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 3_o example_n again_o to_o antwerp_n come_v order_n from_o london_n to_o draw_v thither_o and_o to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o remittance_n from_o london_n for_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 55_o penny_n sterling_a clear_a of_o charge_n the_o partido_n be_v 1000_o pound_n sterling_a now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o london_n at_o s._n 33â…“_n and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o grow_v 90â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o this_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v essect_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_v s._n 33½_n into_o gros_fw-fr and_o they_o make_v 400_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o penny_n 240_o the_o value_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a give_v 400_o grow_v what_o will_v 55_o penny_n sterlâ—…g_v give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o venice_n it_o will_v make_v gross_a 91â…”_n from_o whence_o mull_v be_v deduct_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o provision_n take_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v grow_v 91_o 3_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o profit_n because_o that_o draw_v for_o london_n at_o s._n 33_o â—_o â—_o may_v be_v deliver_v for_o venice_n at_o gross_a 91_o 3_o 10_o and_o there_o present_a bill_n at_o less_o that_o be_v at_o gross_a â…–_n 90_o example_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v needful_a at_o this_o time_n to_o insert_v concern_v the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n now_o there_o only_o rest_v term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n chap._n ccccxlix_fw-la of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n london_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n the_o term_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o london_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v with_o other_o city_n thus_o to_o venice_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o antwerp_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o placentia_n the_o same_o as_o lion_n to_o roven_n and_o paris_n at_o one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccl_n of_o the_o abreviation_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n after_o the_o italian_a and_o foreign_a manner_n and_o method_n manner_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n abreviate_v after_o the_o italian_a manner_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o particular_a tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v the_o arithmetical_a method_n and_o manner_n of_o those_o rule_v practise_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o these_o exchange_n by_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o italy_n it_o will_v be_v here_o needful_a for_o the_o better_a enlighten_v of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o easy_a cast_v up_o and_o calculation_n thereof_o that_o i_o show_v how_o the_o italian_a broker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v abreviate_v their_o labour_n and_o shorten_v their_o task_n therein_o and_o the_o rather_o i_o have_v presume_v to_o add_v the_o same_o here_o and_o in_o this_o place_n partly_o in_o regard_n that_o i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o publish_v by_o any_o of_o our_o english_a arithmetician_n but_o princinal_o to_o show_v the_o learner_n the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v there_o wrought_v and_o arithmetical_o calculate_v it_o be_v general_o confess_v by_o all_o arithmetician_n that_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o arithmetic_n depend_v upon_o five_o principal_a rule_n now_o common_o in_o all_o country_n receive_v and_o teach_v that_o be_v by_o numeration_n addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n and_o that_o no_o one_o propose_v question_n in_o arithmetic_n can_v be_v perfect_v without_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o these_o for_o the_o three_o former_a i_o find_v not_o any_o disagreement_n in_o the_o common_a receive_v manner_n by_o they_o and_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v to_o speak_v any_o thing_n thereof_o but_o of_o the_o two_o latter_a whereby_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o rule_n and_o question_n of_o all_o exchange_n be_v perfect_v and_o perform_v i_o will_v here_o insist_v upon_o induce_v principal_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o enlighten_v thereby_o the_o precedent_a example_n that_o i_o have_v handle_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n beforementioned_a i_o will_v then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a master_n in_o this_o science_n begin_v with_o that_o part_n of_o arithmetic_n which_o we_o call_v division_n and_o by_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o work_n thereof_o explain_v the_o same_o to_o such_o as_o either_o shall_v be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v it_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v desire_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a table_n account_n division_n abreviate_v in_o calculation_n of_o account_n a_o certain_a merchant_n then_o buy_v 46_o clothes_n which_o cost_v he_o 673_o l._n
rate_n of_o so_o many_o shilling_n and_o so_o many_o penny_n flemish_a money_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o hamburgh_n be_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a to_o pay_v so_o many_o shilling_n and_o penny_n hamburgh_n money_n per_fw-la pound_n sterling_a which_o differ_v something_o from_o the_o flemish_a money_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n for_o paris_n and_o roven_n be_v value_v on_o the_o french_a crown_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o french_a crown_n the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o venice_n be_v make_v on_o the_o ducat_n so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o ducat_n and_o the_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o legorn_n be_v make_v on_o the_o dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o to_o pay_v so_o many_o penny_n and_o part_n of_o a_o penny_n sterling_a for_o every_o dollar_n and_o these_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a place_n for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n at_o london_n at_o present_a the_o pair_n of_o several_a country_n the_o pair_n at_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleburgh_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n with_o our_o pound_n sterling_a be_v 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n to_o a_o pound_n sterling_a which_o 33_o s._n 4_o d._n flemish_n do_v make_v 10_o gilder_n at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a the_o gilder_n or_o 10_o livre_n tournois_n pair_n at_o france_n the_o pair_n at_o paris_n roven_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 71_o sou_n the_o crown_n or_o 6_o s._n sterling_a the_o french_a crown_n of_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n which_o 3_o livre_n make_v 6_o s._n sterling_a every_o livre_fw-fr at_o 2_o s._n sterling_a and_o every_o 10_o sou_n french_a reckon_v at_o 12_o d._n sterling_a pair_n at_o legorn_n the_o pair_n at_o legorn_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 4_o s._n 6_o d._n or_o 54_o d._n per_fw-la dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o pair_n at_o venice_n the_o pair_n at_o venice_n with_o our_o sterling_a money_n be_v at_o 6_o livre_n and_o 4_o sou_n of_o venice_n per_fw-la ducat_n or_o 4_o s._n 3_o d._n or_o 51_o d._n sterling_a per_fw-la ducat_n pair_n between_o antwerp_n and_o paris_n or_o any_o part_n of_o france_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o 60_o sou_n or_o 3_o livre_n tournois_n wherein_o exchange_n be_v usual_o make_v for_o france_n be_v worth_a 89_o 31_o 67_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o crown_n if_o then_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o less_o than_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a per_fw-la crown_n of_o 3_o l._n tournois_n there_o be_v a_o loss_n thereby_o and_o if_o for_o more_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n so_o that_o 89_o 37_o 67_o gross_a be_v the_o pair_n in_o exchange_n between_o these_o two_o country_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o the_o gross_a of_o antwerp_n you_o may_v present_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v loss_n or_o gain_n by_o any_o parcel_n do_v by_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v between_o any_o other_o two_o place_n have_v first_o find_v out_o the_o pair_n or_o equalize_v the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o country_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o know_v at_o what_o price_n the_o exchange_n than_o go_v the_o loss_n or_o gain_n will_v soon_o appear_v but_o this_o pair_n be_v ground_v principal_o upon_o the_o currant_n value_v of_o coin_n the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v inhancement_n and_o debasement_n of_o the_o same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o be_v subject_a to_o change_v as_o experience_n do_v show_v hamburgh_n pair_n twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o hamburgh_n at_o pair_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v four_o rixdollar_n which_o make_v flemish_a 33_o s._n 4_o d._n receive_v your_o money_n before_o you_o part_n with_o your_o bill_n by_o assignment_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n elsewhere_o when_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o his_o servant_n come_v for_o the_o money_n to_o the_o party_n who_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o demand_v payment_n thereof_o and_o he_o write_v he_o a_o note_n to_o go_v to_o a_o goldsmith_n or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o man_n and_o there_o order_v the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v or_o that_o he_o give_v he_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n due_a upon_o another_o man_n and_o set_v his_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o leave_v some_o space_n above_o his_o name_n to_o make_v a_o receipt_n for_o the_o money_n as_o be_v usual_a i_o will_v advise_v the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n to_o keep_v his_o bill_n i_o mean_v the_o first_o mention_v bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o his_o custody_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o money_n by_o assignment_n as_o above_o and_o then_o he_o may_v either_o leave_v his_o bill_n with_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o money_n or_o else_o he_o may_v carry_v the_o bill_n back_o to_o the_o party_n that_o give_v he_o the_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v order_v he_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o advise_v to_o part_v with_o the_o first-mentioned_n bill_n and_o to_o give_v it_o up_o to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n or_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o be_v actual_o possess_v of_o his_o money_n i_o know_v the_o contrary_n be_v sometime_o practise_v namely_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o such_o a_o note_n etc._n etc._n to_o give_v up_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o then_o here_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o at_o the_o time_n upon_o such_o note_n etc._n etc._n i_o be_o hinder_v from_o protest_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v deliver_v up_o as_o satisfy_v and_o so_o whereas_o i_o before_o have_v both_o the_o drawer_n and_o accep_n or_o bind_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o endorser_n also_o i_o have_v now_o only_o the_o acceptor_n upon_o his_o single-soled_a note_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o the_o acceptor_n or_o party_n on_o who_o my_o bill_n be_v draw_v in_o this_o case_n of_o assignment_n will_v not_o trust_v i_o with_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o to_o go_v to_o receive_v my_o money_n i_o have_v less_o reason_n to_o trust_v he_o with_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o i_o have_v my_o money_n for_o shall_v i_o receive_v my_o money_n upon_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o not_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n if_o i_o be_o a_o solvable_a man_n and_o of_o know_a residence_n his_o bill_n will_v do_v i_o little_a good_a for_o the_o payment_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o goldsmith_n or_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o note_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o i_o deliver_v up_o my_o bill_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o his_o note_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o have_v not_o my_o money_n i_o must_v rest_v only_o upon_o he_o for_o my_o money_n and_o dance_v after_o his_o pipe_n which_o i_o hold_v not_o convenient_a only_o i_o concieve_v it_o good_a for_o the_o party_n that_o make_v such_o a_o note_n to_o mention_v in_o it_o the_o party_n name_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o take_v up_o that_o note_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n but_o suppose_v i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n by_o not_o mention_v in_o it_o to_o take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v this_o note_n receive_v the_o money_n assign_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o he_o have_v on_o i_o to_o another_o man_n and_o play_v the_o knave_n and_o absent_v himself_o can_v this_o other_o man_n sue_v i_o for_o the_o money_n on_o my_o accept_a bill_n i_o answer_v he_o can_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o know_v the_o party_n to_o who_o i_o give_v such_o a_o note_n and_o mention_v in_o my_o note_n that_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n the_o goldsmith_n etc._n etc._n do_v take_v up_o my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o that_o note_n but_o now_o if_o he_o give_v i_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o receive_v my_o money_n by_o and_o i_o go_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v and_o he_o do_v not_o present_o pay_v i_o it_o be_v the_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a i_o ought_v
manner_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n who_o notwithstanding_o shall_v be_v sure_a in_o the_o end_n to_o have_v the_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o prevent_v not_o such_o unthrifty_a course_n as_o do_v impoverish_v his_o subject_n chap._n viii_o the_o enhance_a or_o debase_v our_o money_n can_v enrich_v the_o kingdom_n with_o treasure_n nor_o hinder_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v common_o alter_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o coin_n in_o their_o several_a denomination_n be_v make_v currant_n at_o more_o or_o less_o pound_n shilling_n or_o penny_n than_o former_o the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v alter_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o yet_o continue_v currant_n at_o the_o former_a rate_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o standard_n be_v either_o debase_v or_o enrich_v in_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o the_o money_n continue_v in_o their_o former_a value_v in_o all_o occasion_n of_o want_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o do_v ever_o find_v divers_a man_n who_o use_v their_o wit_n for_o a_o remedy_n to_o supply_v the_o first_o and_o preserve_v the_o last_o they_o fall_v present_o upon_o alter_v the_o money_n for_o say_v they_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o value_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n from_o divers_a place_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o the_o debase_v of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o fineness_n or_o weight_n will_v keep_v it_o here_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o these_o man_n please_v themselves_o with_o the_o begin_n only_o of_o this_o weighty_a business_n consider_v not_o the_o progress_n and_o end_n thereof_o whereunto_o we_o ought_v especial_o to_o direct_v our_o thought_n and_o endeavour_n spain_n a_o notable_a service_n for_o spain_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o money_n be_v not_o only_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o our_o foreign_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v just_a and_o constant_a to_o avoid_v those_o confusion_n which_o ever_o accompany_v such_o alteration_n for_o first_o at_o home_o if_o the_o common_a measure_n be_v change_v our_o land_n lease_n ware_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a must_v alter_v in_o proportion_n and_o although_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o much_o trouble_n and_o damage_n also_o to_o some_o man_n yet_o in_o short_a time_n this_o must_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o denomination_n of_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n which_o be_v respect_v but_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o our_o coin_n unto_o which_o we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o add_v any_o further_a estimation_n or_o worth_n if_o it_o lay_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v it_o for_o this_o will_v be_v a_o special_a service_n to_o spain_n and_o a_o act_n against_o ourselves_o to_o endear_v the_o commodity_n of_o another_o prince_n mean_n money_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o our_o other_o mean_n neither_o can_v these_o course_n which_o so_o much_o hurt_v the_o subject_n any_o way_n help_v the_o king_n as_o some_o man_n have_v imagine_v for_o although_o the_o debase_v or_o lightning_n of_o all_o our_o money_n shall_v bring_v a_o present_a benefit_n for_o once_o only_o to_o the_o mint_n yet_o all_o this_o and_o more_o will_v soon_o be_v lose_v again_o in_o the_o future_a great_a incom_n of_o his_o majesty_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o must_v be_v pay_v yearly_o with_o money_n of_o less_o intrinsic_a value_n than_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o whole_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n they_o differ_v infinite_o for_o all_o man_n estate_n be_v it_o lease_n land_n debt_n ware_n or_o money_n must_v suffer_v in_o their_o proportion_n whereas_o his_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o gain_n only_o upon_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n as_o may_v be_v new_o coin_v which_o in_o comparison_n will_v prove_v a_o very_a small_a matter_n pound_n all_o the_o ready_a money_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v esteem_v at_o little_a more_o than_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n for_o although_o they_o who_o have_v other_o estate_n in_o money_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a number_n and_o to_o be_v worth_a five_o or_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la man_n more_o or_o less_o which_o amount_v to_o many_o million_o in_o all_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o possess_v thereof_o all_o together_o or_o at_o once_o for_o it_o be_v vanity_n and_o against_o their_o profit_n to_o keep_v continual_o in_o their_o hand_n above_o forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n in_o a_o family_n to_o defray_v necessary_a charge_n the_o rest_n must_v ever_o run_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n for_o their_o benefit_n whereby_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o a_o little_a money_n be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n do_v rule_n and_o distribute_v great_a matter_n daily_o to_o all_o man_n in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o we_o must_v know_v likewise_o that_o much_o of_o our_o old_a money_n be_v wear_v light_n and_o therefore_o will_v yield_v little_a or_o no_o profit_n at_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o gain_n upon_o the_o heavy_a will_v cause_v our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n to_o carry_v over_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o and_o return_v it_o present_o in_o piece_n of_o the_o new_a stamp_n nor_o do_v we_o doubt_v that_o some_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n will_v turn_v coiner_n and_o venture_v a_o hang_n for_o this_o profit_n so_o that_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o end_n shall_v get_v little_a by_o such_o alteration_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n if_o his_o majesty_n raise_v the_o money_n great_a store_n of_o treasure_n will_v also_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mint_n from_o foreign_a part_n for_o we_o have_v see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o late_a raise_n of_o our_o gold_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v bring_v in_o great_a store_n thereof_o more_o than_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o which_o as_o i_o can_v deny_v so_o do_v i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o this_o gold_n carry_v away_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o silver_n which_o be_v not_o overworn_a or_o too_o light_a as_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v by_o the_o present_a use_n of_o our_o money_n in_o their_o respective_a quality_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o change_n be_v because_o our_o silver_n be_v not_o raise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o gold_n which_o still_o give_v advantage_n to_o the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v yearly_o gain_n by_o trade_n in_o gold_n rather_o than_o in_o silver_n second_o if_o we_o be_v inconstant_a in_o our_o coin_n and_o and_o thereby_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o foreign_a commerce_n other_o prince_n be_v vigilant_a in_o these_o case_n to_o alter_v present_o in_o proportion_n with_o we_o and_o then_o where_o be_v our_o hope_n or_o if_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v what_o can_v we_o hope_v for_o for_o if_o the_o stranger-merchant_n bring_v in_o his_o ware_n and_o find_v that_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v shall_v not_o he_o likewise_o keep_v his_o commodity_n until_o he_o may_v sell_v they_o dear_a and_o shall_v not_o the_o price_n of_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n with_o foreign_a country_n rise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v undoubted_o true_a why_o may_v not_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o and_o to_o as_o much_o profit_n after_o the_o raise_n thereof_o as_o before_o the_o alteration_n but_o peradventure_o some_o man_n will_v yet_o say_v that_o if_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v and_o other_o country_n raise_v not_o it_o will_v cause_v more_o bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o than_o heretofore_o if_o this_o be_v do_v it_o must_v be_v perform_v either_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o have_v export_v ware_n or_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o intend_v to_o buy_v off_o our_o commodity_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v have_v more_o advantage_n or_o benefit_n by_o this_o art_n now_o than_o they_o may_v have_v have_v before_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o mony_n for_o if_o their_o say_a bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o former_o in_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n yet_o what_o shall_v they_o get_v by_o that_o when_o these_o money_n be_v base_a or_o light_a and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v rise_v in_o proportion_n so_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o these_o innovation_n be_v no_o good_a mean_n to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o yet_o to_o keep_v it_o here_o when_o we_o have_v it_o chap._n ix_o a_o toleration_n for_o foreign_a coin_n to_o pass_v currant_n
a_o good_a road_n for_o ship_v where_o 500_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n may_v safe_o anchor_v from_o all_o but_o south_n and_o westerly_a wind_n which_o very_o seldom_o in_o these_o part_n happen_v for_o the_o wind_n here_o general_o blow_v from_o east_n northerly_a and_o southerly_a wherefore_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o east-part_n of_o the_o island_n the_o windward_n and_o the_o west-part_n the_o leeward_n here_o lie_v also_o the_o chief_a town_n for_o trade_n former_o call_v the_o bridge_n but_o now_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v two_o fort_n and_o a_o platform_n between_o they_o answer_v each_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o command_v of_o the_o road._n the_o first_o and_o chief_a fort_n be_v call_v charles_n fort_n stand_v on_o needham_n point_n and_o lie_v out_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o windward_n of_o the_o bay_n and_o town_n so_o that_o a_o enemy_n keep_v out_o of_o command_n of_o this_o fort_n can_v probable_o come_v in_o to_o do_v the_o ship_n or_o town_n any_o injury_n for_o that_o they_o must_v come_v full_a in_o or_o against_o the_o wind._n this_o fort_n be_v build_v strong_a with_o stone_n and_o lime_n and_o have_v 17_o great_a gun_n and_o capable_a of_o more_o be_v sufficient_o garrison_v and_o command_v by_o a_o captain_n the_o platform_n join_v to_o the_o windward_n part_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o 15_o great_a gun_n and_o the_o other_o fort_n lie_v and_o join_v to_o the_o leeward_n part_n of_o the_o town_n the_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o 25_o great_a gun_n the_o town_n consist_v of_o several_a street_n and_o lane_n be_v about_o 30_o chain_n in_o length_n and_o 15_o in_o breadth_n and_o have_v many_o fair_a and_o large_a building_n most_o of_o they_o be_v board_v on_o the_o outside_n some_o of_o they_o plaster_v and_o many_o the_o fair_a and_o best_a be_v build_v with_o stone_n and_o with_o brick_n the_o second_o road_n and_o town_n be_v late_o call_v charles_n town_n situate_v on_o oysten_n bay_n and_o lie_v about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o windward_n of_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v also_o two_o fort_n and_o one_o platform_n the_o two_o fort_n stand_v to_o windward_n and_o leeward_n of_o the_o town_n and_o road_n and_o the_o platform_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o although_o this_o town_n be_v not_o a_o place_n of_o much_o resort_n for_o ship_v yet_o be_v there_o many_o considerable_a storehouse_n for_o trade_n the_o three_o road_n and_o town_n be_v late_o call_v st._n james_n but_o former_o the_o holl_n and_o be_v about_o two_o league_n to_o leeward_n of_o st._n michael_n have_v only_o one_o platform_n be_v otherwise_o well_o fortify_v with_o brest-work_n and_o although_o few_o ship_n come_v to_o ride_v here_o yet_o in_o this_o town_n be_v maintain_v a_o great_a trade_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n adjacent_a the_o four_o road_n and_o town_n be_v late_o call_v spieght_n bay_n but_o now_o little_a bristol_n which_o lie_v about_o four_o league_n to_o leeward_n of_o st._n michael_n and_o have_v two_o fort_n to_o this_o place_n come_v many_o ship_n especial_o from_o the_o city_n of_o bristol_n which_o here_o ride_v and_o unload_v and_o reload_v and_o be_v the_o second_o and_o next_o great_a place_n of_o trade_n to_o st._n michael_n in_o the_o whole_a island_n there_o be_v several_a other_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o leeward_n of_o this_o know_v in_o general_a by_o the_o crely_a island_n they_o have_v also_o their_o particular_a name_n etc._n etc._n with_o which_o their_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o map_n some_o whereof_o be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o english_a as_o mevis_n monserat_fw-la antegua_n and_o st._n christopher_n and_o other_o by_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a and_o some_o other_o of_o they_o by_o the_o native_a crely_a indian_n the_o main_a land_n or_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la next_o to_o these_o island_n be_v call_v guiana_n and_o lie_v southerly_a about_o 100_o league_n from_o hence_o on_o which_o continent_n the_o english_a have_v a_o colony_n plant_v within_o the_o river_n serenam_fw-la this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o 11_o parish_n and_o have_v 14_o church_n and_o chapel_n and_o be_v subdivide_v into_o divers_a plantation_n some_o small_a and_o other_o great_a where_o be_v many_o fair_a and_o large_a building_n make_v of_o stone_n and_o other_o board_v and_o plaster_v the_o which_o general_o be_v pleasant_a habitation_n and_o delightful_o situate_v some_o have_v prospect_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n be_v english_a scotch_a and_o irish_a and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a nation_n who_o former_o live_v here_o a_o time_n of_o servitude_n and_o now_o dwell_v as_o freeman_n some_o by_o their_o trade_n and_o other_o on_o plantation_n and_o some_o few_o jew_n live_v here_o and_o trade_n also_o as_o merchant_n they_o have_v obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v beside_o mallatoes_n and_o negro_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v and_o account_v for_o slave_n the_o number_n of_o which_o some_o few_o year_n since_o upon_o search_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 60000_o person_n viz._n 40000_o whites_n and_o 20000_o black_n the_o stand_a militia_n of_o this_o island_n that_o be_v always_o ready_a on_o all_o occasion_n to_o meet_v together_o and_o which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v often_o and_o well_o discipline_v consist_v of_o two_o regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o five_o regiment_n of_o foot_n wherein_o several_a company_n have_v near_o 200_o in_o a_o company_n and_o more_o than_o 100_o horse_n in_o a_o troop_n the_o government_n be_v not_o contrary_a but_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n only_o some_o particular_a law_n be_v make_v proper_a for_o this_o place_n by_o the_o governor_n or_o deputy_n and_o his_o council_n which_o usual_o be_v seven_o in_o number_n and_o a_o assembly_n that_o consist_v of_o 22_o person_n choose_v by_o the_o free_a holder_n two_o out_o of_o every_o parish_n the_o religion_n outward_o profess_v or_o that_o which_o have_v the_o great_a show_n or_o appearance_n be_v the_o protestant_a religion_n yet_o without_o the_o exercise_n of_o any_o coercive_a power_n upon_o the_o conscience_n for_o here_o be_v neither_o bishop_n court_n nor_o power_n give_v to_o priest_n or_o prelate_n whereby_o they_o may_v exercise_v authority_n over_o the_o conscience_n of_o other_o though_o different_a in_o opinion_n so_o that_o the_o jew_n and_o other_o of_o different_a judgement_n they_o yield_a obedience_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v protect_v and_o live_v peaceable_o and_o quiet_o in_o this_o place_n concern_v coin_n all_o sort_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n do_v pass_v here_o but_o none_o coin_v the_o value_n of_o foreign_a coin_n appear_v as_o follow_v the_o spanish_a pistol_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o double_a pistol_n at_o forty_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o the_o lesser_a proportionable_a the_o piece_n of_o eight_o at_o six_o shilling_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o dutch_a rider_n of_o gold_n at_o eight_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a proportionable_a the_o rix-dollar_n at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_n a_o cross_n dollar_n at_o five_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n a_o duccatoon_n of_o flanders_n at_o seven_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o french_a pistol_n of_o gold_n at_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a proportionable_a a_o french_a crown_n of_o gold_n at_o ten_o shilling_n sterling_a a_o french_a lewis_n of_o silver_n at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a a_o quarter_n descue_v two_o shilling_n the_o half_a one_o shilling_n the_o portugal_n crusado_n of_o four_o hundred_o rees_n at_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o half_a and_o quarter_n proportionable_a the_o old_a testoon_n at_o one_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a the_o shilling_n sixpence_n and_o threepence_n of_o new-england_n coin_n to_o pass_v here_o at_o that_o value_n provide_v the_o say_v several_a coin_n have_v their_o just_a due_a and_o weight_n pureness_n allay_n and_o fineness_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o use_v in_o payment_n be_v piece_n of_o eight_o of_o peru_n which_o be_v as_o current_n and_o go_v at_o the_o same_o value_n as_o sevil_n or_o mexico_n which_o will_v produce_v this_o bad_a effect_n that_o money_n sterling_n and_o coin_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n will_v not_o be_v import_v and_o these_o sort_n which_o be_v already_o here_o will_v either_o be_v hoard_v up_o or_o transport_v and_o that_o because_o the_o base_a money_n of_o peru_n be_v here_o hold_v in_o equal_a value_n with_o mexico_n etc._n etc._n who_o real_a value_n be_v from_o 4_o s._n 4_o d._n to_o 4_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o the_o peru_n from_o 2_o s._n 6_o d._n to_o 3_o
gather_v these_o observation_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o these_o place_n the_o coin_n be_v here_o current_a with_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v a_o spanish_a rial_n distinguish_v into_o white_a quarty_n four_o to_o a_o rial_n and_o 4½_n black_a quartile_n to_o a_o single_a rial_n and_o account_v by_o 34_o marâ—…dies_n to_o the_o say_a rial_n bilboa_n weight_n of_o bilboa_n there_o be_v here_o in_o use_n two_o quintar_n the_o one_o proper_a to_o the_o iron_n here_o make_v which_o produce_v in_o london_n 158_o l._n and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o sutle_n 100_o l._n produce_v here_o about_o 111_o to_o 112_o l._n bilboa_n measure_n of_o bilboa_n their_o measure_n here_o of_o length_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la 100_o yard_n be_v here_o 109_o vares_n and_o the_o 100_o flemish_a ell_n whereby_o bay_n be_v buy_v in_o england_n be_v here_o 80_o vares_n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o hanega_n and_o five_o hanegae_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v a_o quarter_n english_a bilboa_n custom_n of_o bilboa_n the_o custom_n here_o be_v 2½_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la and_o value_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v sell_v and_o not_o pay_v till_o sell_v but_o note_n that_o no_o commodity_n pay_v here_o any_o custom_n but_o what_o be_v either_o to_o be_v eat_v drunken_a or_o burn_v and_o if_o a_o merchant_n hap_n to_o make_v a_o bad_a debt_n of_o above_o 500_o l._n the_o custom_n thereof_o be_v not_o pay_v all_o toledo_n toledo_n in_o toledo_n be_v the_o city_n of_o toledo_n famous_a for_o its_o archbishopric_n who_o rent_n look_v as_o high_a as_o 300000_o crown_n yearly_a it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o spain_n but_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n know_v to_o we_o as_o improper_a for_o the_o same_o by_o its_o situation_n be_v a_o inland_n city_n and_o over-traded_n by_o shurchman_n in_o murcia_n there_o be_v three_o town_n of_o note_n murcia_n murcia_n murcia_n the_o first_o as_o principal_a of_o the_o province_n cartagena_n cartagena_n cartagena_n the_o second_o as_o have_v a_o most_o excellent_a haven_n and_o agree_v in_o weight_n and_o measure_n with_o alicant_n that_o be_v the_o three_o that_o have_v choice_a wine_n and_o good_a trade_n by_o its_o commodious_a situation_n of_o the_o two_o former_a i_o can_v say_v much_o in_o the_o latter_a have_v live_v some_o year_n i_o observe_v these_o rule_n in_o the_o course_n and_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n chap._n cxv_o of_o alicant_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o alicant_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o alicant_n seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n as_o malaga_n almeria_n and_o cartagena_n be_v be_v of_o late_a year_n become_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a road_n to_o be_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o city_n of_o valentia_n where_o the_o principal_a merchant_n thereof_o reside_v and_o have_v here_o their_o factor_n and_o respondent_o that_o negotiate_v their_o affair_n for_o they_o it_o afford_v wine_n raisin_n licoris_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la basse_fw-fr rope_n soap_n hence_o call_v alicant_n soaps_o aniseed_n and_o such_o alicant_n coin_n of_o alicant_n the_o money_n be_v those_o of_o valentia_n see_v there_o far_o keep_v account_n keep_v merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n here_o in_o liver_n sold_n and_o denier_n twelve_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n twenty_o shilling_n a_o liver_n which_o be_v account_v to_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterâ—_n as_o the_o soldo_n threepence_n and_o the_o denier_n a_o farthing_n alicant_n weight_n of_o alicant_n their_o know_a great_a weight_n be_v a_o cargo_n which_o be_v 10_o rove_n of_o 24_o l._n and_o of_o 36_o l._n to_o the_o rove_n the_o rove_n of_o 24_o l._n be_v 18_o ounce_n and_o the_o rove_v of_o 36_o l._n be_v twelve_o ounce_n by_o which_o be_v sell_v pepper_n rice_n almond_n clove_n spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o value_n all_o gross_a commodity_n be_v weigh_v by_o 24._o l._n to_o the_o rove_n and_o four_o to_o the_o quintal_n the_o cargo_n make_v 280_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o quintal_n make_v 96_o l._n in_o england_n all_o sugar_n drug_n and_o tin_n be_v weigh_v by_o a_o small_a quintal_n which_o be_v 120_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n which_o be_v about_o 18_o or_o 20_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la less_o than_o the_o english_a 112_o l._n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la carry_v hence_o to_o venetia_n to_o make_v glass_n and_o to_o marselia_n to_o make_v hard_a shap_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o cantar_n 133_o lib._n of_o provence_n weight_n a_o general_a rule_n in_o alicant_n weight_n but_o because_o this_o diversity_n of_o weight_n may_v seem_v troublesome_a to_o be_v understand_v observe_v this_o general_a rule_n 96_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n be_v 144_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o be_v the_o great_a quintal_n 80_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n be_v 120_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o be_v the_o small_a quintal_n the_o difference_n find_v be_v 16_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n per_fw-la libram_fw-la and_o 24_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n l._n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a quintal_n alicant_n measure_n of_o alicant_n their_o common_a measure_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la which_o be_v â…™_n less_o than_o the_o english_a yard_n their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o cantaro_n which_o be_v about_o 12_o quart_n english_a their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o cassise_n about_o 3_o bushel_n english_a custom_n custom_n their_o custom_n be_v 11_o denier_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la liver_n which_o be_v 4½_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o be_v payable_a 8_o denier_n to_o the_o duana_n and_o 3_o denier_n sisa_n which_o be_v pay_v as_o well_o by_o the_o buyer_n as_o the_o seller_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o good_n be_v either_o buy_v sell_v or_o barter_v so_o often_o be_v the_o say_a custom_n pay_v by_o buyer_n and_o seller_n 9_o per_fw-la cent_n see_v valentia_n far_o castille_n castille_n the_o next_o be_v castille_n the_o most_o prevalent_a province_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o whence_o the_o spainiard_n entitle_v themselves_o castilian_n and_o to_o which_o all_o the_o other_o be_v unite_v either_o by_o conquest_n or_o intermarriage_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o new_a and_o old_a segovia_n segovia_n in_o which_o be_v first_o the_o city_n of_o segovia_n whence_o come_v our_o fine_a segovia_n cloth_n make_v by_o wool_n that_o first_o have_v their_o original_n from_o our_o english_a sheep_n valladolid_n valladolid_n second_o valladolid_n a_o university_n which_o yield_v no_o commodity_n but_o english_a papistical_a fugitive_n burges_n burges_n next_o burges_n famous_a as_o contend_v with_o toledo_n for_o the_o primateship_n of_o spain_n salamanca_n salamanca_n next_o salamanca_n the_o most_o famous_a academy_n of_o all_o spain_n these_o be_v in_o old_a castille_n in_o new_a castille_n be_v find_v these_o city_n madrid_n madrid_n first_o madrid_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o from_o a_o little_a village_n become_v a_o populous_a and_o large_a city_n alcala_n alcala_n second_o alcala_n three_o alcantara_n escurial_n escurial_n and_o last_o the_o escurial_n build_v by_o philip_n the_o second_o and_o which_o cost_v four_o million_o the_o sructure_n in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o eminent_a city_n of_o trading_n yet_o because_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o spain_n in_o general_n have_v in_o many_o thing_n a_o dependency_n upon_o the_o rule_n and_o order_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n belong_v hereunto_o i_o will_v therefore_o to_o shorten_v my_o work_n as_o well_o in_o the_o succeed_a as_o in_o some_o preceding_n town_n give_v you_o a_o touch_v of_o the_o trade_n hereof_o under_o the_o title_n of_o madrid_n or_o castille_n chap._n cxvi_o of_o madrid_n in_o castille_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o castilia_n castilia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o coin_n of_o castilia_n the_o general_a coin_n of_o castille_n i_o account_v as_o the_o general_a coin_n pass_v throughout_o spain_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o trade_n of_o any_o city_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o key_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o then_o court_n of_o spain_n be_v common_o in_o madrid_n in_o castilia_n the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 〈◊〉_d marvedy_n and_o be_v call_v by_o some_o a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n a_o castiliano_fw-mi be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n a_o florin_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 265_o marvedy_n almost_o four_o shilling_n sterling_a quento_fw-it quento_fw-it a_o ducat_n count_n or_o quento_n of_o marvedy_n be_v a_o million_o a_o count_n or_o quento_n of_o marvedy_n be_v ducat_n 2666â…“_n and_o at_o dobra_n it_o be_v worth_a 2739_o 57_o 78_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v sterling_a 733_o l._n 6._o 8_o d._n a_o rial_n single_a of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 34_o marvedy_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_a a_o quento_n of_o marvedy_n be_v worth_a 3258_o rial_n and_o 3_o marvedy_n a_o crown_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 323_o marvedy_n but_o of_o they_o you_o need_v not_o make_v payment_n
but_o of_o 600_o only_a the_o ducat_n of_o spain_n have_v 11_o rial_n of_o plate_n and_o every_o rial_n as_o i_o say_v before_o 34_o marveâ—…_n and_o every_o ducat_n 374_o marvedy_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n english_a the_o rial_n 6_o d._n and_o the_o marâ—…_n less_o than_o our_o farthing_n the_o single_a pistolet_n of_o gold_n 11_o rial_n ¾_n be_v 400_o marvedy_n which_o be_v according_a to_o 6_o d._n a_o rial_n 5._o s._n 10â…›_n esterling_n castilia_n exchange_n in_o castilia_n in_o castilia_n they_o that_o give_v money_n upon_o exchange_n do_v agree_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o ducat_n of_o gold_n 〈◊〉_d their_o worth_n in_o gold_n or_o silver_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o do_v so_o they_o shall_v be_v pay_v in_o base_a 〈◊〉_d neigh_v which_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v more_o than_o five_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n the_o order_n of_o the_o fair_n in_o 〈◊〉_d be_v thus_o castilia_n fair_n of_o castilia_n the_o first_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o may_n and_o be_v make_v in_o medino_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o begin_v the_o first_o of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o last_v 50_o day_n the_o second_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o august_n and_o be_v make_v in_o medina_n di_fw-it riosecco_fw-it and_o begin_v the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d august_n and_o last_v 30_o day_n the_o three_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o october_n make_v in_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o begin_v the_o first_o of_o november_n last_v 50_o day_n the_o four_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o villa_n lion_n begin_v the_o first_o day_n of_o lent_n and_o last_v twenty_o dayâ—_n but_o be_v no_o fair_a of_o exchange_n the_o time_n expire_v there_o may_v no_o good_n be_v sell_v nor_o payment_n make_v upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o good_n and_o money_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o lâ—ters_n be_v there_o fifteen_o day_n before_o the_o time_n payment_n the_o payment_n the_o payment_n upon_o all_o the_o fair_n they_o make_v in_o banco_n not_o say_v forth_o and_o they_o be_v to_o recâ—…in_v ducat_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_fw-la oro_fw-la largo_fw-la and_o forth_o of_o banco_n where_o they_o say_v forth_o of_o banco_n and_o 〈◊〉_d ready_a money_n there_o be_v get_v thereby_o one_o per_n cent_n and_o when_o they_o say_v ducat_n of_o gold_n or_o 〈◊〉_d worth_n it_o be_v understand_v in_o marvedy_n 375_o for_o a_o ducat_n and_o when_o they_o say_v forth_o of_o the_o fair_a 〈◊〉_d understand_v for_o ready_a money_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o castilia_n in_o general_a and_o a_o for_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v the_o chapter_n 426_o of_o the_o fachange_n of_o spain_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n portugal_n portugal_n in_o portugal_n once_o a_o famous_a kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o the_o fortunate_a discovery_n make_v in_o the_o eastern_a indies_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v many_o fair_a town_n of_o trading_n but_o all_o of_o theâ—_n give_v precedency_n to_o lisbon_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v willing_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n and_o enlarge_v myself_o thereupon_o portugal_n commodity_n of_o portugal_n the_o general_a commodity_n this_o country_n abound_v be_v be_v these_o honey_n wine_n oil_n alum_n fruit_n fish_n white_a marble_n salt_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o many_o other_o commodity_n that_o it_o be_v now_o in_o great_a abundance_n find_v to_o yield_v be_v the_o proper_a commodity_n of_o the_o east-indies_n such_o as_o be_v pepper_n cloves_n sugar_n nutmeg_n ginger_n cotton_n calliâ—…_n the_o gem_n of_o india_n the_o spice_n and_o drug_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o silk_n and_o fabric_n of_o persia_n and_o china_n which_o though_o here_o to_o be_v have_v yet_o i_o have_v here_o omit_v the_o mention_v as_o not_o be_v the_o native_a commodity_n of_o portugal_n chap._n cxvii_o of_o libon_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lisbon_n and_o trade_n thereof_o lisbon_n be_v account_v to_o be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o to_o contain_v 20000_o family_n have_v 67_o tower_n upon_o the_o wall_n and_o 22_o gate_n to_o the_o seaward_o and_o 16_o to_o the_o continent_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n tagus_n account_v most_o famous_a and_o commodious_a for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n from_o hence_o the_o portugal_n set_v out_o to_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o hither_o do_v return_v again_o with_o all_o those_o spice_n drug_n and_o other_o the_o rich_a merchandise_n which_o east-india_n arabia_n persia_n and_o china_n do_v afford_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n duero_n stand_v porto_n also_o a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n where_o the_o galiy_v use_v in_o time_n past_a to_o land_n the_o merchandise_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v porta_n gallorum_n by_o which_o mean_v some_o author_n do_v infer_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v its_o name_n of_o portugal_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o lisbon_n i_o will_v note_v what_o i_o have_v observe_v thereupon_o in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a theme_n portugal_n coin_n of_o portugal_n the_o coin_n in_o portugal_n find_v current_n be_v these_o a_o croisado_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 400_o reas._n a_o ducat_n of_o portugal_n be_v 10_o real_n which_o be_v 400_o reas_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterl_n a_o rial_n be_v 40_o res_n or_o 6_o d._n sterling_a a_o mill_n reas_n be_v 22_o rial_n a_o testoon_n be_v 2½_n rial_n or_o 100_o res_n or_o 15_o d._n sterl_n a_o vintin_n be_v 20_o res_n or_o 3_o d._n sterling_a a_o mirle_n of_o gold_n be_v 1000_o res_n which_o be_v 2½_n ducat_n a_o single_a rial_n spanish_n be_v 2_o vintins_n or_o 4_o res._n portugal_n weight_n of_o portugal_n their_o weight_n be_v these_o a_o small_a and_o a_o great_a the_o great_a cantar_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o rove_n and_o each_o root_n be_v 32_o real_n which_o be_v 128_o l._n at_o 14_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o florence_n 149_o l._n their_o small_a quintar_n for_o pepper_n and_o ginger_n be_v near_o 112_o l._n english_a the_o rove_n or_o quatern_n be_v 2d_o l._n the_o great_a quintal_n hold_v 15_o in_o 16_o per_fw-la cent_n more_o than_o the_o english_a 112_o l._n the_o king_n have_v a_o quintar_n for_o his_o contractation_n house_n to_o sell_v the_o spice_n of_o india_n by_o which_o be_v 150_o l._n of_o florence_n and_o be_v about_o 114_o l._n english_a the_o great_a cantar_n of_o lisbon_n make_v in_o florence_n 170â…“_n or_o 130_o l._n english_a but_o all_o fine_a good_n be_v by_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o say_a kings-beam_n these_o observation_n upon_o 100_o l._n small_a of_o lisbon_n have_v be_v make_v in_o and_o yield_v the_o 100_o l._n small_a of_o lisbon_n do_v yield_v in_o london_n 113½_n li._n marselia_n 126½_n l._n venetia_n sotile_a 168½_n  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_a 106_o 3_o â—_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 63¼_n  _fw-fr florence_n 149¼_n  _fw-fr antwerp_n 107¾_n  _fw-fr lion_n 119_o â—_o â—_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 110¾_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 130½_n  _fw-fr genoa_n 162._o  _fw-fr aleppo_n 23_o rial_n aleppo_n silk_n 24_o 6._o  _fw-fr irip._n soria_n 27_o 6._o  _fw-fr irip._n barbaria_n 98_o l._n baruti_fw-la 22._o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 51_o 3._o  _fw-fr alex._n forsia_n 117_o 6._o  _fw-fr seio_n 102_o 10._o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 93_o 6._o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 20_o 7._o  _fw-fr acria_n 18_o 3._o  _fw-fr babilonia_n 15_o 10_o ma._n balsera_n 4_o 5½_n ma._n ormus_n 113._o  _fw-fr which_o for_o trial_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o experience_a portugal_n measure_n of_o length_n in_o portugal_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n dry_a and_o liquid_a here_o use_v be_v these_o first_o their_o measure_n of_o cloth_n be_v the_o coveda_n which_o be_v near_a ¾_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n the_o measure_n linen_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la and_o iâ—_n a_o ell_n less_o nail_n of_o the_o english_a measure_n by_o which_o may_v be_v make_v the_o computation_n for_o other_o country_n and_o by_o some_o find_v to_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la less_o portugal_n of_o corn_n in_o portugal_n the_o measure_n of_o corn_n be_v the_o alquier_n three_o alquier_n be_v a_o bushel_n 1½_n be_v 8_o gallon_n winchester_n measure_n and_o five_o alquier_n be_v a_o hannep_n of_o spanish_a measure_n portugal_n of_o salt_n in_o portugal_n the_o measure_n of_o salt_n be_v call_v the_o muy_fw-es and_o 60_o alquier_n make_v a_o muy_fw-es and_o 2_o muye_n and_o 15_o alquier_n be_v a_o tun_n of_o bristol_n water-measure_n which_o be_v 10_o gallon_n winchester_n and_o 40_o of_o those_o measure_n do_v make_v a_o tun._n note_v that_o 4½_n alquier_v of_o lisbon_n make_v a_o fanega_n or_o hannep_v in_o andalusia_n by_o some_o observation_n which_o fanega_n be_v 2_o staios_n and_o somewhat_o more_o of_o florence_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o a_o staâ—…_n oâ—_n florence_n may_v be_v account_v half_o a_o fanega_n
a_o coal_n wonderful_a in_o nature_n as_o kindle_v by_o water_n and_o quench_v by_o oil._n zutphen_n zutphen_n zutphen_n be_v the_o next_o earldom_n be_v only_o a_o town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n issel_n of_o good_a strength_n take_v from_o the_o spaniard_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1590._o at_o the_o siege_n whereof_o be_v slay_v that_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n philip_n sidney_n of_o who_o be_v say_v digna_fw-la legi_fw-la scribis_fw-la facis_fw-la &_o dignissima_fw-la scribi_fw-la scripta_fw-la probant_fw-la doctum_fw-la te_fw-la tua_fw-la facta_fw-la probum_fw-la thou_o write_v thing_n worthy_a read_n and_o do_v do_v thing_n that_o be_v even_o most_o worthy_a writing_n too_o thy_o work_n thy_o learning_n praise_n thy_o deed_n thy_o goodness_n raise_v holland_n holland_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v holland_n in_o circuit_n 180_o miles_n no_o part_n of_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o sea_n three_o hour_n journey_n and_o comprehend_v 400_o village_n and_o 23_o to_n dort_n dort_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v dort_n where_o anno_fw-la 1618._o be_v hold_v a_o national_a synod_n against_o the_o arminian_o harlem_n harlem_n second_o harlem_n where_o printing_n be_v invent_v three_o leyden_n a_o university_n consist_v of_o 41_o island_n to_o which_o there_o be_v passage_n partly_o by_o boat_n but_o principal_o by_o 40_o wooden_a bridge_n and_o by_o 110_o of_o stone_n the_o rarity_n whereof_o be_v the_o first_o city_n of_o consequence_n i_o note_v in_o these_o part_n anno_fw-la 1625._o i_o can_v not_o choose_v then_o but_o admire_v and_o here_o in_o this_o town_n be_v a_o castle_n say_v to_o be_v build_v by_o hengist_n the_o saxon_a at_o his_o return_n out_o of_o england_n if_o their_o story_n may_v be_v credit_v delft_n delft_n the_o next_o town_n be_v delft_n a_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n where_o i_o be_v anno_fw-la 1625_o admit_v into_o that_o society_n who_o welfare_n i_o be_o bind_v to_o desire_v and_o who_o prosperity_n i_o wish_v may_v still_o increase_v and_o though_o these_o citizen_n have_v since_o upon_o some_o discontent_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v to_o rotterdam_n yet_o consider_v the_o town_n be_v compose_v altogether_o of_o brewer_n and_o that_o man_n so_o qualify_v be_v apt_a to_o forget_v themselves_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v they_o have_v since_o sleep_v upon_o it_o and_o will_v peradventure_o regain_v their_o company_n at_o a_o great_a charge_n than_o can_v by_o any_o but_o by_o their_o wisdom_n be_v imagine_v alkmer_n alkmer_n the_o next_o be_v alkmer_n famous_a for_o the_o defeat_n which_o the_o duke_n d'alva_fw-la receive_v before_o it_o to_o his_o great_a loss_n of_o reputation_n and_o to_o this_o city_n honour_n rotterdam_n rotterdam_n the_o next_o be_v rotterdam_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o erasmus_n and_o note_v for_o lover_n of_o the_o english_a traffck_n in_o give_v late_o free_a and_o worthy_a privilege_n to_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n who_o from_o delft_n late_o remove_v hither_o to_o reside_v to_o the_o future_a prejudice_n of_o those_o brewer_n amsterdam_n amsterdam_n last_o amsterdam_n have_v now_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o these_o country_n for_o matter_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n it_o have_v raise_v itself_o to_o that_o height_n of_o trade_n by_o the_o industry_n policy_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o 1000_o sail_n of_o ship_n have_v be_v see_v at_o one_o tide_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o and_o as_o one_o of_o their_o own_o have_v it_o quod_fw-la tagus_n atque_fw-la hemus_n vehit_fw-la &_o pactolus_n in_o unum_fw-la vere_n hunc_fw-la congestum_fw-la dixeris_fw-la esse_fw-la locum_fw-la what_o tagus_n hemus_n and_o pactolus_n bear_v you_o will_v conjecture_v to_o be_v heap_v up_o here_o now_o for_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o their_o traffic_n i_o shall_v note_v the_o same_o such_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o at_o my_o residency_n there_o in_o 1625_o abovementioned_a chap._n clxiii_o of_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o amsterdam_n be_v now_o by_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o new_a to_o the_o old_a a_o fair_a city_n strong_a and_o beautiful_a the_o river_n tay_n flow_v like_o a_o large_a and_o calm_a sea_n on_o the_o north-side_n thereof_o and_o the_o river_n amster_n of_o which_o and_o the_o word_n damn_v this_o city_n be_v name_v run_v from_o the_o south_n through_o three_o lake_n enter_v this_o city_n and_o pass_v through_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n tay_n on_o the_o north-side_n this_o town_n do_v consist_v of_o 5_o principal_a street_n through_o which_o the_o water_n do_v run_v and_o be_v divide_v therewith_o in_o which_o ship_n barge_n and_o boat_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v find_v both_o to_o come_v and_o go_v continual_o either_o to_o lade_v or_o unlade_v which_o be_v not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o also_o commodious_a and_o beautiful_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v much_o enlarge_v since_o the_o passage_n of_o antwerp_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n occasion_v by_o their_o industry_n their_o love_n to_o navigation_n and_o not_o the_o least_o by_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o money_n which_o they_o deliver_v out_o at_o easy_a rate_n at_o interest_n as_o want_v land_n or_o other_o mean_n to_o put_v out_o the_o same_o to_o better_a benefit_n nothing_o be_v loft_n they_o but_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n to_o employ_v the_o same_o and_o of_o late_a day_n england_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n be_v find_v to_o have_v their_o estate_n go_v at_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la cent_n whereas_o in_o their_o own_o country_n 4_o and_o 5_o per_fw-la cent_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v they_o but_o for_o the_o coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o i_o observe_v they_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o better_o experience_v amsterdam_n account_n in_o amsterdam_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n as_o in_o antwerp_n by_o which_o all_o these_o part_n be_v regulate_v in_o former_a time_n for_o what_o concern_v traffic_n netherlands_o money_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o all_o the_o netherlands_o their_o money_n have_v also_o a_o correspondency_n with_o antwerp_n coin_n but_o inhanse_v or_o debase_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a yearly_a disbursment_n and_o ordinary_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o antwerp_n so_o as_o that_o their_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n which_o be_v twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n may_v be_v account_v twelve_o shilling_n sterling_a florin_n 6_o make_v that_o pound_n of_o 20_o stiver_n per_fw-la florin_n stivers_n 120_o make_v a_o pound_n of_o gross_n 6_o stivers_n a_o flemish_a shilling_n stivers_n 5_o be_v account_v as_o much_o as_o 6_o d._n sterling_a or_o 5_o sold_n turnois_n stiver_n 1_o be_v a_o sold_n turnois_n a_o gross_n be_v 6_o denier_n turnois_n carolus_n gulden_a be_v 20_o stiver_n 2_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o 20_o sol_n turnois_n beside_o these_o as_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o country_n all_o coin_n of_o europe_n do_v pass_v here_o current_o for_o their_o value_n and_o be_v receive_v and_o pay_v in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n according_o amsterdam_n weight_n of_o amsterdam_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n 100_o whereof_o make_v their_o quintal_n which_o 100_o or_o quintal_n be_v hold_v in_o london_n to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 111_o l._n english_a yet_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o same_o true_o calculate_v will_v not_o produce_v above_o 108_o l._n subtle_a and_o for_o the_o concordancy_n see_v further_o amsterdam_n measure_n in_o amsterdam_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o reduce_v to_o yard_n english_a be_v find_v to_o be_v 134_o ell_n for_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n and_o the_o 100_o ell_n of_o london_n be_v here_o 167½_n ell_n so_o that_o the_o 100_o elâ—_n here_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 74_o yard_n or_o 60½_n ell_n incirca_fw-la and_o 40_o flemish_a ell_n make_v in_o england_n 24_o ells._n amsterdam_n exchange_n in_o amsterdam_n in_o the_o exchange_n this_o place_n be_v govern_v by_o antwerp_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o the_o value_n current_n of_o their_o money_n which_o be_v often_o inhanse_v and_o debase_v it_o be_v very_o frequent_o observe_v in_o this_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n subject_n to_o the_o netherlands_o or_o to_o the_o unite_a province_n that_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n of_o great_a receipt_n they_o be_v decry_v in_o value_n and_o raise_v again_o where_o they_o have_v occasion_n by_o their_o war_n or_o otherwise_o of_o great_a disbursement_n according_a to_o which_o diversity_n of_o needful_a occasion_n the_o exchange_n of_o the_o place_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v therefore_o therein_o can_v be_v prescribe_v any_o direct_a
able_a with_o wind_n and_o oar_n to_o break_v through_o they_o and_o the_o country_n be_v the_o pleasant_a of_o all_o denmark_n blesida_n blesida_n in_o blesida_n be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o malmogia_n and_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o colmar_n against_o the_o sweedlandeâ—_n the_o principal_a trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v contain_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o elsinour_n therefore_o under_o the_o title_n of_o these_o two_o i_o will_v comprehend_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n ccxi_o of_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o copenhagen_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o copenhagen_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o winter_n and_o may_v be_v interpret_v the_o merchant_n haven_n on_o the_o east-side_n be_v the_o king_n palace_n or_o castle_n which_o border_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n where_o the_o haven_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o the_o city_n be_v of_o a_o round_a form_n afford_v little_a beauty_n as_o be_v but_o mean_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o clay_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o stone_n here_o be_v find_v some_o merchant_n yet_o for_o the_o mostipart_n of_o no_o great_a eminence_n for_o the_o country_n afford_v no_o rich_a commodity_n that_o may_v allure_v other_o thither_o or_o serve_v to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o region_n whereby_o a_o gain_n may_v be_v expect_v copenhagen_n the_o coin_n of_o copenhagen_n the_o money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n common_o current_n be_v the_o dollar_n and_o shilling_n two_o danish_n shilling_n make_v one_o lubeck_n shilling_n and_o 66_o danish_a shilling_n account_v for_o a_o rix_n dollar_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterling_a denmark_n account_n in_o denmark_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o mark_n of_o 16_o shilling_n danish_n their_o exchange_n be_v here_o practise_v by_o the_o rix_n dollar_n above_o mention_v the_o common_a current_a coin_n of_o these_o country_n etc._n measure_n and_o weight_n etc._n etc._n their_o measure_n and_o weight_n i_o will_v brief_o observe_v by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o hasten_v to_o elsinour_n chap._n ccxii_o of_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o elsinour_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o elsinour_n of_o itself_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a village_n but_o much_o frequent_v by_o seaman_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o neighbourhood_n to_o that_o straight_a sea_n call_v the_o sound_n where_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lay_v so_o great_a imposition_n upon_o all_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v out_o or_o go_v into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o this_o sole_a profit_n surpass_v far_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a castle_n of_o cronburg_n lie_v in_o this_o village_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o straight_a to_o which_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o narrow_a sea_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n another_o castle_n be_v opposite_a call_v elsburg_n which_o two_o be_v the_o keeper_n of_o this_o straight_a that_o no_o ship_n can_v pass_v in_o or_o come_v out_o of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n without_o their_o leave_n and_o consequent_o without_o due_a payment_n of_o this_o imposition_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o cronburg_n castle_n be_v the_o large_a road_n for_o ship_n towards_o the_o baltic_a sea_n where_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o lodging_n which_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v a_o delectable_a prospect_n to_o all_o man_n but_o especial_o to_o he_o for_o ship_n go_v in_o and_o out_o here_o by_o fleet_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o he_o be_v certain_a that_o none_o do_v pass_v either_o way_n but_o according_a to_o their_o burden_n and_o load_n add_v somewhat_o to_o his_o treasury_n the_o haven_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v a_o great_a fleet_n for_o it_o have_v cronburg_n castle_n on_o the_o north_n side_n the_o castle_n of_o elsburg_n on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o seeland_n the_o chief_a island_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o the_o island_n fimeria_n or_o whern_n on_o the_o south_n side_n in_o which_o i_o note_v before_o that_o tycho_n brahe_n the_o famous_a mathematician_n have_v his_o residence_n the_o dane_n conceive_v this_o island_n to_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o they_o have_v a_o fable_n that_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o england_n offer_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o as_o much_o scarlet_a cloth_n as_o will_v cover_v the_o same_o with_o a_o rose_n noble_a at_o the_o corner_n of_o each_o cloth_n if_o any_o such_o offer_n be_v make_v doubtless_o the_o wildom_o and_o judgement_n of_o that_o prince_n know_v how_o to_o make_v that_o island_n be_v fortify_v peradventure_o to_o return_v he_o his_o charge_n again_o with_o good_a interest_n but_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o can_v benefit_v a_o foreign_a prince_n whole_a territory_n h_v out_o of_o the_o sound_n by_o which_o he_o must_v needs_o enter_v those_o before_o mention_v castle_n command_v the_o entrance_n though_o it_o may_v prove_v more_o beneficial_a to_o some_o prince_n border_v upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o to_o who_o the_o sea_n be_v open_a for_o passage_n chap._n ccxiii_o weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o that_o of_o london_n denmark_n weight_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n now_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o this_o kingdom_n they_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v in_o many_o place_n so_o many_o as_o have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n i_o have_v reduce_v to_o the_o subtle_a hundred_o of_o london_n which_o subtle_a hundred_o be_v find_v to_o produce_v in_o these_o city_n of_o traffic_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr l._n aldar_n 87_o copping_n ham_n 92_o cracou_n 119_o dantzick_n 116_o hamburg_n 92_o wild_a 116_o elsinour_n 92_o lubeck_n 92_o melvin_n 120_o revel_v 116_o rhiga_n 116_o stacar_n 108_o stralsont_v 88_o bergen_n norway_n 92_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o general_o in_o copenhagen_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o denmark_n they_o hare_n a_o great_a and_o small_a hundred_o one_o of_o 112_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o another_o of_o 120_o pound_n to_o the_o hundred_o account_v twelve_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n also_o they_o have_v a_o skip-pound_n 32_o stone_n of_o ten_o pound_n the_o stone_n or_o 20_o lispound_n of_o 16_o mark_v pound_n be_v a_o skip-pound_n and_o 20_o time_n 16_o pound_n be_v 320_o pound_n chap._n ccxiu_o measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n reduce_v to_o london_n denmark_n measure_n in_o general_a of_o denmark_n as_o i_o have_v do_v with_o their_o weight_n so_o i_o will_v proceed_v with_o their_o measure_n reduce_v then_o to_o the_o hundred_o yard_n english_a and_o make_v in_o  _fw-fr ells._n arsnis_fw-la 166â…”_n breme_n 162½_n breslow_n for_o cloth_n 148_o ditto_n for_o silk_n 160_o connixborough_n 166_o lubeck_n 160_o munster_n 80_o ockermond_n 141½_n revel_v 166_o rhostick_a 158â…“_n wismar_n 157¾_n dantzick_n 162½_n doinin_n 163_o embden_n 163_o gripswould_n 163_o hamburg_n 163_o melvin_n 162_o narva_n 166_o ossenbrigh_n 84_o rhiga_fw-la 166_o statin_a 141½_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v for_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n whereto_o i_o have_v add_v the_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o the_o adjoin_a eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n chap._n ccxv_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n denmark_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o denmark_n to_o conclude_v the_o trade_n of_o denmark_n drive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o great_a their_o country_n partly_o not_o afford_v commodity_n for_o merchandise_n and_o their_o sea_n i_o mean_v principal_o the_o baltic_a not_o be_v for_o many_o month_n in_o the_o year_n navigable_a for_o frost_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v frugal_a in_o food_n and_o apparel_n and_o therefore_o not_o much_o addict_v either_o to_o silk_n or_o spice_n and_o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o other_o nation_n through_o the_o sound_n that_o furnish_v they_o with_o all_o necessary_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n less_o desirous_a to_o sail_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v the_o same_o at_o the_o first_o hand_n stockfish_n and_o other_o salt_v fish_n they_o send_v into_o foreign_a country_n and_o so_o also_o they_o do_v their_o ox_n and_o cattle_n in_o great_a quantity_n beside_o the_o commodity_n which_o the_o country_n do_v natural_o afford_v mention_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o country_n description_n neither_o have_v i_o hear_v any_o great_a fame_n of_o their_o navigation_n or_o mariner_n which_o principal_o sail_v northward_o and_o little_a to_o the_o southward_n though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o next_o to_o the_o english_a their_o vessel_n be_v the_o strong_a build_v to_o endure_v the_o blast_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n and_o the_o scorching_n of_o the_o warm_a region_n yet_o of_o late_a day_n i_o have_v understand_v they_o have_v undertake_v some_o new_a discovery_n and_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n
handle_v the_o way_n and_o method_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v with_o such_o other_o principal_a place_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n and_o as_o a_o guide_n to_o rule_v that_o which_o be_v here_o omit_v antwerp_n account_n keep_v in_o antwerp_n and_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v what_o shall_v ensue_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o antwerp_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n flemish_a or_o gross_a which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n or_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n or_o gross_a make_v shilling_n chap._n ccccxxxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr to_o have_v in_o lion_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n of_o 3_o l._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 3486._o 1._o 9_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n must_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gross_v multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 1_o sol._n and_o 9_o penny_n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v by_o 121⅓_n gros_fw-fr the_o sum_n of_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v of_o the_o say_a liver_n reduce_v both_o they_o and_o other_o into_o three_o of_o gross_v and_o of_o the_o division_n will_v come_v crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crow_n 6895._o 11._o 1._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o you_o shall_v have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n deliver_v in_o antwerp_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n do_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la gros_n 124½_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n one_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 363._o 10._o 3._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o placentia_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n into_o gros_n multiply_v the_o sum_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o s._n and_o 3_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n and_o divide_v the_o gross_v that_o come_v thereof_o by_o the_o say_v gros_n 124½_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n bring_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o into_o half_n gross_v and_o by_o division_n it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o penny_n and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 700._o 14._o 11_o of_o mark_n which_o will_v be_v due_a at_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n or_o pound_n in_o gross_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o placentia_n shall_v exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxviii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n anntwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 112½_n gross_a to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n do_v they_o make_v and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v crow_n 1400._o 12._o 7._o of_o gold_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o florence_n for_o the_o say_a pound_n flemish_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o florence_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o exchange_v with_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxxxix_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 92½_n gross_v to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 1468_o 14_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 3810_o 17_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n will_v be_v due_a in_o venice_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o venice_n shall_v exchange_v for_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxl._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n antwerp_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la shilling_n 33⅓_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n one_o pound_n sterling_a i_o demand_v for_o l._n 748_o 18_o 6_o money_n of_o antwerp_n how_o many_o pound_n sterling_a shall_v i_o have_v in_o london_n first_o reduce_v as_o well_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a as_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n into_o grosse_n and_o pence_n multiply_v the_o pound_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o add_v the_o shilling_n 18_o 6_o d._n which_o be_v with_o the_o pound_n flemish_a and_o the_o shilling_n flemish_a 33⅓_n multiply_v by_o 12_o add_v 4_o gross_a for_o ⅓_n of_o a_o shilling_n flemish_n and_o the_o gross_a which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o must_v be_v take_v for_o divisor_n against_o the_o sum_n of_o gross_v come_v of_o the_o say_a pound_n and_o divide_v the_o sum_n will_v come_v pound_n sterling_a multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o shilling_n and_o penny_n sterling_a they_o will_v make_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o due_a in_o london_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n flemish_n 748_o 18_o 6._o proof_n proof_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o say_v pound_n sterling_a 449_o 7_o 1_o by_o 1_o l._n 13_o shilling_n 4_o d._n with_o the_o say_a 33⅓_n shilling_n and_o it_o will_v make_v the_o abovesaid_a l._n 748_o 18_o 5_o pound_n flemish_n so_o that_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v just_o cast_v up_o and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v here_o of_o exchange_n now_o to_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxli_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n observe_v in_o antwerp_n and_o to_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o other_o city_n be_v to_o venice_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o two_o month_n after_o date_n and_o back_o the_o same_o to_o genoa_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o the_o same_o to_o avignon_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 50_o day_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n one_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o back_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n to_o london_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n 20_o day_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o the_o succeed_a fair._n to_o placentia_n for_o the_o next_o succeed_a fair._n to_o roven_n one_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o now_o for_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v in_o antwerp_n i_o will_v here_o insert_v a_o word_n also_o according_a to_o my_o method_n chap._n ccccxlii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n antwerp_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o antwerp_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v say_v i_o will_v insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o the_o city_n of_o antwerp_n example_n 1_o example_n at_o venice_n then_o be_v find_v a_o exchange_n for_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la at_o gross_n 90_o and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135_o order_n be_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v to_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o placentia_n i_o demand_v at_o how_o much_o will_v come_v the_o remittance_n from_o antwerp_n to_o placentia_n first_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v ducat_n 135_o the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n at_o the_o say_a
price_n of_o 90_o gross_n per_fw-la ducat_n and_o of_o the_o gross_v which_o shall_v come_v thereof_o you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o sigure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v gross_a 121½_n and_o so_o many_o gross_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o provision_n which_o be_v payable_a in_o venice_n be_v disbursable_a in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o credit_n in_o placentia_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n find_v for_o antwerp_n at_o grow_v 90⅓_n and_o for_o london_n at_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a there_o be_v hereupon_o order_v give_v to_o venice_n that_o at_o these_o price_n they_o draw_v for_o antwerp_n and_o remit_v to_o london_n the_o question_n be_v at_o what_o price_n will_v the_o remittance_n be_v from_o antwerp_n to_o london_n to_o do_v this_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o 56_o penny_n sterling_a give_v gros_fw-fr 90⅓_n see_v that_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o value_n of_o a_o ducat_n of_o venice_n what_o will_v 240_o penny_n sterling_a give_v be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o london_n it_o will_v be_v gros_fw-fr 387_o which_o reduce_v to_o shilling_n in_o take_v the_o 1_o 12_o and_o it_o will_v be_v 32¼_n shilling_n and_o so_o many_o shilling_n flemish_a and_o ⅖_n more_o per_fw-mi cent_n for_o the_o provision_n payable_a in_o venice_n come_v to_o be_v disburse_v in_o antwerp_n for_o one_o pound_n sterling_a money_n credit_n in_o london_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o a_o merchant_n of_o london_n be_v creditor_n in_o antwerp_n 2000_o l._n flemish_n who_o inorder_v that_o it_o be_v remit_v he_o at_o shilling_n 33¼_n or_o to_o placentia_n at_o 121_o grow_v where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v be_v find_v that_o be_v to_o that_o place_n which_o shall_v be_v most_o beneficial_a or_o to_o least_o loss_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v now_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o london_n at_o shilling_n 33½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121¼_n i_o demand_v to_o which_o of_o the_o say_a place_n shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v see_v that_o by_o both_o there_o be_v find_v remittance_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v where_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o shil_n 33¼_n give_v gros_fw-fr 121_o the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v shil_v 33½_n give_v be_v the_o price_n find_v for_o london_n it_o will_v come_v to_o gros_fw-fr 121_o 9_o 10_o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o london_n at_o shil_fw-la 33½_n to_o go_v to_o the_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n at_o grow_v 121_o 9_o 10_o and_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n for_o loss_n that_o be_v at_o 121¼_n gross_a and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n chap._n ccccxliii_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v london_n exchange_n practise_v in_o london_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o london_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v right_o to_o set_v down_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n thereof_o and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o his_o draught_n as_o in_o his_o remittance_n now_o only_o there_o rest_v to_o conclude_v this_o tract_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n to_o handle_v the_o way_n how_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o and_o how_o by_o arithmetic_n it_o be_v perform_v which_o i_o will_v observe_v here_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n and_o instruction_n to_o those_o here_o omit_v london_n account_n keep_v in_o london_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o ensue_v that_o all_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o london_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n common_o call_v sterling_a and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o for_o 20_o shilling_n make_v a_o pound_n and_o 12_o penny_n make_v a_o shilling_n and_o morcover_v that_o london_n exchange_v in_o the_o denominator_fw-la of_o penny_n sterling_a with_o all_o other_o country_n antwerp_n and_o those_o country_n neighbour_a of_o flanders_n and_o holland_n except_v with_o which_o it_o exchange_v by_o the_o entire_a pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a chap._n ccccxliv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n london_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 61_o penny_n more_o or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o 3_o l._n piece_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 348_o l._n 15_o shilling_n sterling_a how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v thereto_o 15_o shilling_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o penny_n add_v thereto_o the_o penny_n if_o any_o be_v and_o then_o divide_v the_o same_o by_o 61_o penny_n and_o the_o dividend_n will_v make_v crown_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o then_o they_o make_v in_o all_o crow_n 1372008_o penny_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n that_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o credit_n at_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 348_o l._n 15_o sterling_a deliver_v in_o london_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o lion_n shall_v exchange_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o 1372⅛_n crown_n for_o london_n france_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o paris_n roven_n &c_n &c_n in_o france_n and_o here_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o rule_n be_v the_o same_o when_o london_n shall_v exchange_v with_o either_o paris_n or_o roven_n or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n chap._n ccccxlv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o florence_n london_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n and_z giveth_z posito_fw-la 70_o penny_n stir_v more_fw-it or_o less_o to_o have_v in_o florence_n a_o crow_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o pound_n 656_o 10_o 6_o d._n star_z how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n this_o be_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n of_o london_n with_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o for_o the_o say_v 656_o 10_o 6_o sterling_a i_o be_o to_o have_v credit_n in_o florence_n the_o sum_n of_o crow_n 2250⅛_n as_o per_fw-la example_n proof_n proof_n note_v that_o this_o exchange_n be_v seldom_o practise_v from_o london_n and_o therefore_o not_o in_o use_n in_o these_o day_n but_o when_o many_o florentine_a merchant_n reside_v in_o london_n it_o be_v much_o in_o use_n yet_o the_o rule_n be_v right_a and_o the_o proof_n thereof_o be_v evident_a when_o florence_n rechange_v again_o for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o london_n with_o venice_n london_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n for_o great_a sum_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 50_o d._n sterling_a to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o ducat_n in_o banco_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n money_n of_o venice_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n for_o in_o venice_n this_o be_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n reduce_v the_o pound_n sterling_a into_o shilling_n by_o the_o multiplication_n of_o 20_o and_o add_v 17_o and_o then_o multiply_v that_o again_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o penny_n and_o add_v thereto_o 6_o d._n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2668⅕_n which_o shall_v be_v render_v in_o venice_n for_o 555_o l._n 17_o 6_o d._n sterling_a in_o london_n as_o per_fw-la example_n venice_n proof_n difference_n between_o money_n in_o banco_n and_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n note_v that_o for_o distinction_n of_o the_o current_a money_n in_o venice_n which_o be_v 21_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o present_v worse_o than_o the_o money_n payable_a by_o exchange_n it_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n in_o which_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v payable_a and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o that_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o 2668⅕_n ducat_n be_v rechange_v for_o london_n chap._n ccccxlvii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o
with_o good_a profit_n the_o first_o part_n whereof_o be_v make_v as_o we_o have_v suppose_v in_o spain_n from_o thence_o i_o consider_v where_o to_o make_v my_o second_o gain_n and_o find_v that_o the_o florentine_n send_v out_o a_o great_a value_n in_o cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n wrought_v silk_n and_o rash_n to_o spain_n than_o they_o receive_v in_o fleece_n wool_n west-india_n hide_v sugar_n and_o cochineal_n i_o know_v i_o can_v miss_v of_o my_o purpose_n by_o deliver_v my_o money_n for_o florence_n where_o still_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n i_o direct_v my_o course_n from_o thence_o to_o venice_n and_o there_o find_v that_o my_o next_o benefit_n must_v be_v at_o franckfort_n or_o antwerp_n until_o at_o last_o i_o come_v to_o amsterdam_n by_o a_o short_a or_o long_a course_n according_a to_o such_o occasion_n of_o advantage_n as_o the_o time_n and_o place_n shall_v afford_v i_o and_o thus_o we_o see_v still_o that_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n upon_o the_o exchange_n be_v guide_v and_o rule_v by_o by_o the_o over_o or_o underballance_n of_o the_o several_a trade_n which_o be_v predominant_a and_o active_a make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o which_o be_v therefore_o passive_a the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v so_o often_o repeat_v by_o the_o say_v malines_n to_o the_o second_o four_o fourteen_o and_o twenty_o three_o i_o say_v that_o all_o these_o be_v the_o proper_a work_v of_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n and_o that_o his_o action_n can_v work_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o the_o common_a wealth_n i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o here_o i_o may_v spare_v that_o labour_n to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v true_a i_o can_v deliver_v one_o thousand_o pound_n here_o by_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o value_n in_o spain_n where_o with_o this_o spanish_a money_n i_o can_v buy_v and_o bring_v away_o so_o much_o spanish_a ware_n but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o in_o the_o end_n the_o english_a money_n or_o commodity_n must_v pay_v for_o the_o say_a ware_n for_o if_o i_o deliver_v my_o thousand_o pound_n here_o to_o a_o englishman_n he_o must_v pay_v i_o in_o spain_n either_o by_o good_n already_o send_v or_o to_o be_v send_v thither_o or_o if_o i_o deliver_v it_o here_o to_o a_o spaniard_n he_o take_v it_o of_o i_o with_o intent_n to_o employ_v it_o in_o our_o ware_n so_o that_o every_o way_n we_o must_v pay_v the_o stranger_n for_o what_o we_o have_v from_o he_o be_v there_o any_o feat_n in_o all_o this_o worthy_a our_o admiration_n to_o the_o five_o thirteen_o twenty_o and_o twenty_o first_o i_o must_v answer_v these_o wonder_n by_o heap_n where_o i_o find_v they_o to_o be_v all_o one_o matter_n in_o divers_a form_n and_o such_o froth_n also_o that_o every_o idiot_n know_v they_o and_o can_v say_v that_o he_o who_o have_v credit_n can_v contract_v buy_v sell_v and_o take_v up_o much_o money_n by_o exchange_n which_o he_o may_v do_v as_o well_o also_o at_o interest_n yet_o in_o these_o course_v they_o be_v not_o always_o gainer_n for_o sometime_o they_o live_v by_o the_o loss_n as_o well_o as_o they_o who_o have_v less_o credit_n to_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o here_o be_v more_o poor_a stuff_n for_o when_o i_o know_v the_o currant_n price_n of_o my_o ware_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n i_o may_v easy_o conjecture_v whether_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o gain_n which_o i_o expect_v upon_o my_o ware_n will_v be_v great_a and_o again_o as_o every_o merchant_n know_v well_o what_o he_o gain_v upon_o the_o ware_n he_o buy_v and_o sell_v so_o may_v any_o other_o man_n do_v the_o like_a that_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o say_a merchant_n have_v proceed_v but_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o make_v we_o admire_v the_o exchange_n to_o the_o eight_o and_o twelve_o as_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v furnish_v man_n with_o money_n for_o their_o occasion_n so_o do_v they_o likewise_o who_o let_v out_o their_o money_n at_o interest_n with_o the_o same_o hope_n and_o like_a advantage_n which_o many_o time_n notwithstanding_o fail_v they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o borrower_n often_o labour_v for_o the_o lender_n profit_n to_o the_o nine_o and_o eighteen_o here_o my_o author_n have_v some_o secret_a mean_v or_o be_v conscious_a of_o his_o own_o error_n do_v mark_v these_o two_o wonder_n with_o a_o ☞_o in_o the_o margin_n for_o why_o shall_v this_o great_a work_n of_o enrich_v or_o impoverish_v of_o kingdom_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o those_o mean_n that_o do_v over_o or_o underballance_n our_o foreign_a trade_n as_o i_o have_v already_o so_o often_o show_v and_o as_o the_o very_a word_n of_o malines_n himself_o in_o these_o two_o place_n may_v intimate_v to_o a_o judicious_a reader_n to_o the_o fifteen_o and_o sixteenth_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o exchange_n may_v be_v use_v in_o turn_v base_a money_n into_o gold_n or_o silver_n as_o when_o a_o stranger_n may_v coin_v and_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o farthing_n which_o in_o short_a time_n he_o may_v disperse_v or_o convert_v into_o good_a money_n and_o then_o deliver_v the_o same_o here_o by_o exchange_n to_o receive_v the_o value_n in_o his_o own_o country_n or_o he_o may_v do_v this_o feat_n by_o carry_v away_o the_o say_v good_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la without_o use_v the_o exchange_n at_o all_o if_o he_o dare_v venture_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n the_o spaniard_n know_v well_o who_o be_v the_o common_a coiner_n of_o christendom_n that_o dare_v venture_v to_o bring_v they_o store_n of_o copper-mony_n of_o the_o spanish_a stamp_n and_o carry_v away_o the_o value_n in_o good_a rial_n of_o eight_o wherein_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o cunning_a device_n they_o be_v sometime_o take_v tardy_a to_o the_o seventeen_o the_o banker_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o receive_v such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v put_v into_o their_o hand_n by_o man_n of_o all_o degree_n who_o have_v no_o skill_n or_o good_a mean_n themselves_o to_o manage_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o exchange_n to_o profit_n it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o the_o banker_n do_v repay_v all_o man_n with_o their_o own_o and_o yet_o reserve_v good_a gain_n to_o themselves_o which_o they_o do_v as_o well_o deserve_v for_o their_o ordinary_a provision_n or_o allowance_n as_o those_o factor_n do_v which_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o merchant_n by_o commission_n and_o be_v not_o this_o likewise_o both_o just_a and_o very_o common_a 17._o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la pag._n 410._o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 17._o to_o the_o eleven_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o here_o be_v a_o wonder_n indeed_o that_o a_o poor_a prince_n shall_v keep_v either_o his_o war_n or_o ware_n i_o take_v both_o together_o as_o the_o author_n set_v they_o down_o both_o way_n differ_v in_o his_o say_v two_o book_n upon_o interest-money_n for_o what_o need_v the_o enemy_n of_o such_o a_o poor_a prince_n deal_v with_o the_o banker_n to_o disappoint_v he_o or_o defeat_v he_o of_o his_o money_n in_o time_n of_o want_n when_o the_o interest_n itself_o will_v do_v this_o fast_n enough_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v this_o poor_a stuff_n to_o the_o nineteenth_o i_o have_v live_v long_o in_o italy_n where_o the_o great_a bank_n and_o banker_n of_o christedom_n do_v trade_n yet_o can_v i_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v that_o they_o do_v or_o be_v able_a to_o rule_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o confederacy_n but_o still_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n do_v always_o over-rule_v they_o and_o make_v the_o exchange_n to_o run_v at_o high_a or_o low_a rate_n custom_n exchange_n hinder_v not_o prince_n of_o their_o custom_n to_o the_o twenty_o second_o the_o exchange_n by_o bill_n between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n can_v hinder_v prince_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o impost_n for_o the_o money_n which_o one_o man_n deliver_v because_o he_o will_v not_o or_o have_v not_o occasion_n to_o employ_v it_o in_o ware_n another_o man_n take_v because_o he_o either_o will_n or_o have_v already_o lay_v it_o out_o in_o merchandise_n but_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o kingdom_n consist_v much_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o good_a mean_n and_o conveniency_n in_o such_o a_o kingdom_n to_o trade_n with_o the_o same_o into_o foreign_a part_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n or_o by_o both_o these_o way_n if_o then_o this_o trade_n be_v neglect_v the_o king_n shall_v be_v defeat_v of_o those_o profit_n and_o if_o the_o exchange_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o then_o must_v we_o learn_v in_o what_o manner_n this_o be_v do_v for_o we_o may_v exchange_v
make_v a_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n and_o 12_o denier_n or_o pence_n make_v a_o soldo_n or_o shilling_n the_o same_o rule_n also_o hold_v in_o those_o place_n who_o great_a money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o feign_a or_o who_o keep_v not_o this_o orderly_a succession_n as_o be_v the_o ducat_n of_o catalonia_n of_o castilia_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o pertugal_n also_o those_o crown_n who_o have_v no_o proper_a part_n also_o the_o ducatoon_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o and_o the_o florm_n in_o germany_n all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o ought_v to_o succeed_v in_o 20_o and_o 12_o that_o be_v in_o sold_n and_o den._n or_o shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o each_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o property_n of_o that_o country_n and_o as_o shall_v be_v signify_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o that_o place_n among_o which_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v common_o resolve_v by_o the_o more_o principal_a of_o their_o own_o money_n as_o the_o exchange_n of_o sicily_n with_o catalonia_n castilia_n portugal_n brabant_n and_o england_n and_o howsoever_o they_o make_v their_o exchange_n either_o by_o the_o sicilian_a florin_n or_o by_o the_o ducat_n notwithstanding_o the_o parcel_n be_v resolve_v in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n which_o be_v thorough_o declare_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n and_o last_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n and_o day_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v in_o many_o country_n to_o differ_v in_o length_n of_o time_n and_o be_v limit_v of_o divers_a day_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n â—…sing_v and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n have_v a_o course_n set_v by_o a_o continual_a meeting_n of_o exchanger_n and_o their_o opinion_n in_o equality_n of_o value_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o needful_a circumstance_n of_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o learn_v where_o also_o he_o shall_v find_v at_o large_a how_o most_o of_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o reckon_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o table_n themselves_o as_o i_o find_v they_o calculate_v by_o the_o say_v geo_n bapt._n zuletta_n and_o other_o follow_v he_o chap._n cclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n a_o place_n of_o fair_n or_o fiera_n of_o exchange_n in_o italy_n placentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n this_o town_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o fair_a or_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o not_o as_o a_o city_n of_o trafficle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o esteem_n make_v of_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n but_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_v which_o be_v crown_n of_o mark_n in_o which_o money_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v only_o treat_v and_o account_v in_o and_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v by_o crown_n sell_v and_o denier_n of_o mark._n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o other_o place_n be_v either_o crown_v one_o or_o crown_n one_o hundred_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o 96¾_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 67._o 10_o sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 134._o 9_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 109½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 135½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 135_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29_o carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 128_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o 81½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 6_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 4_o den._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 482_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 1_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_n 1_o 118¾_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 103½_n quarentins_n in_o the_o 382._o chapter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v how_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v chap._n cclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n paris_n and_o roven_n in_o france_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n etc._n etc._n in_o lion_n paris_n roven_n and_o through_o all_o france_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n denier_n and_o turnois_n and_o they_o here_o do_v exchange_n in_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o denier_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o france_n a_o frank_n and_o 3_o livre_n or_o frank_n be_v account_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o standard_n of_o the_o country_n pass_v at_o 58_o sol._n of_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o number_n either_o one_o crown_n or_o one_o hundred_o crown_n of_o the_o sol._n lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o placentia_n crown_n 100_o for_o 103½_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 66½_n sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 115_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n duc._n bank_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 106½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_n 100_o 117½_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 124_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 122½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 123_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n antw_n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 96_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o den._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 436_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 485_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 119â…•_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 104_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 302._o and_o so_o follow_v of_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n chap._n cclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n rome_n the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o rome_n the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n julios_fw-la bacochs_n and_o quatrin_n and_o they_o exchange_n in_o ducat_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o camera_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o abovesard_n money_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o 100_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v 10_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 40_o quatrin_n and_o the_o bacoch_n be_v 4_o quatrin_n the_o ducat_n of_o camera_n according_a to_o the_o old_a value_n be_v worth_a 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n be_v 102½_n crown_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n the_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n except_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o sicilia_n bologna_n and_o bergamo_n and_o to_o all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o a_o 100_o ducat_n rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 97¾_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 97½_n 100_o crown_n genoa_n ducat_n 97â…›_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 97¼_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n ducat_n 85â…“_n 100_o ducat_n florence_z ducat_n 91¾_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 84_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 135_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 134â…”_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 134½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 15_o tarin_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 17_o tarin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 125_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 87½_n d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 24_o 2_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o denier_n barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o denier_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 440_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 482_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n 326._o and_o so_o follow_v chap._n cclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liguria_n genova_n the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n in_o genova_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n and_o they_o exchange_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v it_o that_o be_v the_o common_a in_o use_n of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a sol._n 90._o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v worth_n less_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v imaginary_a and_o value_v according_a as_o the_o fair_n of_o exchange_n permit_v of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a 68_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o
3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o