Selected quad for the lemma: money_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
money_n	debtor_n	good_n	sell_v	1,903	5	11.1829	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57390	The merchants map of commerce wherein the universal manner and matter relating to trade and merchandize are fully treated of, the standard and current coins of most princes and republicks observ'd, the real and imaginary coins of accounts and exchanges express'd, the natural products and artificial commodities and manufactures for transportation declar'd, the weights and measures of all eminent cities and towns of traffick in the universe, collected one into another, and all reduc'd to the meridian of commerce practis'd in the famous city of London / by Lewis Roberts, merchant.	Roberts, Lewes, 1596-1640.; Mun, Thomas, 1571-1641. England's benefit and advantage by foreign-trade.; Marius, John. Advice concerning bills of exchange.	1700 (1700)	Wing R1601_PARTIAL; Wing M608_PARTIAL; ESTC R1436	687,097	516

21_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 21_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 22_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 23_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 24_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 25_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 26_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 27_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 28_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 29_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 11_o ja._n 1_o 11_o fe._n 1_o 11_o ma._n 1_o 11_o ap._n 1_o 11_o ma._n 1_o 11_o ju._n 1_o 11_o jul._n 1_o 11_o au._n 1_o 11_o sep._n 1_o 11_o oc._n 1_o 11_o no._n 1_o 11_o dec._n 1_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 30_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o short_a instruction_n how_o to_o keep_v merchant_n book_n of_o account_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n 1._o money_n pay_v when_o you_o pay_v any_o money_n to_o any_o body_n make_v the_o person_n debtor_n and_o the_o account_n of_o cash_n creditor_n 2._o money_n receive_v for_o money_n receive_v make_v the_o account_n of_o cash_n debtor_n and_o the_o person_n of_o who_o it_o be_v receive_v creditor_n 3._o good_n buy_v for_o ready_a mony_n when_o good_n be_v buy_v for_o ready_a money_n make_v the_o account_n of_o good_n debtor_n and_o cash_n creditor_n 4._o good_n sell_v for_o ready_a mony_n when_o good_n be_v sell_v for_o ready_a money_n make_v the_o account_n of_o cash_n debtor_n and_o the_o good_n creditor_n 5._o good_n buy_v at_o time_n when_o good_n be_v buy_v at_o time_n then_o make_v the_o account_n of_o the_o good_n debtor_n and_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v buy_v creditor_n 6._o good_n sell_v at_o time_n when_o good_n be_v sell_v at_o time_n then_o make_v the_o account_n of_o the_o person_n debtor_n and_o the_o good_n creditor_n 7._o good_n buy_a one_o part_n at_o time_n and_o the_o rest_n for_o ready_a mony_n good_n buy_a one_o part_n for_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o time_n must_v be_v divide_v in_o two_o part_n namely_o first_o the_o good_n must_v be_v make_v debtor_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n and_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v buy_v creditor_n second_o as_o much_o as_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n you_o must_v make_v the_o person_n debtor_n and_o cash_n creditor_n 8._o good_n sell_a one_o part_v for_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o time_n good_n sell_a one_o part_v for_o ready_a money_n the_o rest_n at_o time_n first_o you_o must_v make_v the_o person_n debtor_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n and_o afterward_o the_o good_n creditor_n than_o you_o must_v make_v the_o cash_n debtor_n for_o so_o much_o as_o you_o receive_v in_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o person_n creditor_n for_o the_o rest_n 9_o money_n pay_v for_o good_n before_o it_o be_v due_a when_o you_o have_v buy_v any_o good_n at_o time_n and_o afterward_o you_o agree_v with_o the_o person_n which_o sell_v you_o the_o good_n to_o pay_v your_o money_n before_o it_o be_v due_a with_o rebate_n or_o discount_n than_o you_o must_v make_v the_o person_n debtor_n as_o follow_v viz._n to_o cash_n for_o so_o much_o as_o you_o pay_v he_o and_o to_o profit_n and_o loss_n for_o the_o rebatement_n or_o allowance_n for_o the_o discount_n 10._o good_n sell_v in_o barter_n for_o other_o when_o you_o sell_v good_n in_o barter_n for_o other_o than_o you_o must_v make_v the_o good_n which_o you_o receive_v debtor_n to_o the_o good_n which_o you_o deliver_v receive_v before_o you_o write_v and_o write_v before_o you_o pay_v and_o so_o a_o good_a account_n be_v sure_a to_o keep_v you_o may_v finis_fw-la england_n benefit_n and_o advantage_n by_o forein-trade_n plain_o demonstrate_v dedicate_v to_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n by_o tho._n mun_n merchant_n london_n print_v for_o tho._n horn_n at_o the_o south-entrance_n into_o the_o royal-exchange_n mdcc_o england_n treasure_n by_o foreign_a trade_n or_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o our_o treasure_n my_o son_n in_o a_o former_a discourse_n i_o have_v endeavour_v after_o my_o manner_n brief_o to_o teach_v thou_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v piety_n how_o to_o fear_v god_n aright_o according_a to_o his_o work_n and_o word_n the_o second_o be_v policy_n how_o to_o love_n and_o serve_v thy_o country_n by_o instruct_v thou_o in_o the_o duty_n and_o proceed_n of_o sundry_a vocation_n which_o either_o order_n or_o else_o act_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o which_o as_o some_o thing_n do_v especial_o tend_v to_o preserve_v and_o other_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o enlarge_v the_o same_o so_o be_o i_o now_o to_o speak_v of_o money_n which_o do_v indifferent_o serve_v to_o both_o these_o happy_a end_n wherein_o i_o will_v observe_v this_o order_n first_o to_o show_v the_o general_a mean_n whereby_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v enrich_v and_o then_o proceed_v to_o those_o particular_a course_n by_o which_o prince_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v supply_v with_o treasure_n but_o first_o of_o all_o i_o will_v say_v something_o of_o the_o merchant_n because_o be_v must_v be_v a_o principal_a agent_n in_o this_o great_a business_n chap._n i._n the_o quality_n which_o be_v require_v in_o a_o perfect_a merchant_n of_o foreign_a

near_o as_o may_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o england_n the_o climate_n weather_n and_o soil_n be_v much_o what_o like_o we_o in_o england_n only_o the_o summer_n about_o a_o month_n long_o something_o hot_a and_o much_o more_o of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n the_o day_n about_o a_o hour_n and_o half_o short_a in_o summer_n and_o so_o much_o long_o in_o winter_n the_o land_n fertile_a plain_a and_o so_o free_a from_o rock_n stone_n and_o gravel_n that_o their_o horse_n be_v never_o shod_a english_a fruit_n prosper_v so_o well_o that_o they_o have_v already_o attain_v to_o make_v store_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n the_o country_n in_o all_o part_n woody_a the_o tree_n general_o tall_a and_o many_o of_o they_o very_o big_a most_o of_o they_o oak_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o black_a and_o white_a walnut_n the_o rest_n poplar_n ash_n pine_n cedar_n logwood_n gum_n chesnut_n saxafras_n mulberry_n chinkapin_n persimons_n beside_o shoomack_n small-nut_n store_n of_o wild_a grape-vine_n and_o other_o small_a shrubby_a tree_n and_o bush_n all_o sort_n of_o english_a cattle_n prove_v well_o and_o they_o be_v well_o stock_v and_o store_v with_o horse_n neat_n cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n sheep_n hog_n poultry_n turkey_n goose_n and_o duck_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o country_n natural_o produce_v of_o wild_a beast_n in_o the_o wood_n viz_o dear_a turkey_n roacoon_n possum_n hare_n squirrel_n wild_a cat_n fox_n bear_n wolf_n some_o few_o lion_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o country_n elk_n and_o in_o the_o river_n where_o the_o tide_n swell_v not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n unless_o force_v by_o a_o easterly_a storm_n concur_v with_o the_o springtide_n there_o be_v in_o all_o place_n some_o but_o in_o many_o place_n great_a plenty_n of_o oyster_n crab_n sturgeon_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o money_n use_v among_o they_o but_o what_o they_o have_v be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o here_o and_o pass_v at_o the_o same_o value_n their_o general_a way_n of_o deal_v be_v to_o barter_n or_o exchange_v one_o commodity_n for_o another_o both_o among_o themselves_o and_o with_o the_o merchant_n who_o bring_v or_o send_v in_o good_n from_o hence_o or_o from_o any_o other_o place_n except_v in_o trade_n with_o the_o native_n or_o indian_n there_o be_v roanoke_n and_o wampampeak_v which_o be_v a_o shell_n cut_v like_o bead_n put_v upon_o string_n and_o pass_v among_o they_o for_o their_o money_n at_o a_o certain_a rate_n by_o the_o arm_n length_n the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v in_o all_o respect_v the_o same_o for_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n with_o we_o in_o london_n except_v the_o indian_a corn_n or_o maiz_n which_o be_v common_o buy_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n the_o barrel_n be_v five_o bushel_n winchester_n measure_n but_o the_o indian_n among_o themselves_o and_o to_o we_o do_v buy_v and_o sell_v their_o corn_n pease_n and_o bean_n by_o a_o basket_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o half_a a_o bushel_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o principal_a commodity_n produce_v there_o be_v tobacco_n hides_n beaver_n otter_n musk-rat_n bear_v and_o deer-skin_n saxafras_n black-walnut-tree-plank_n with_o which_o good_n there_o be_v about_o 40_o sail_n of_o ship_n lade_v from_o thence_o yearly_a most_o of_o they_o ship_n of_o 300_o and_o some_o of_o 400_o tun_n burden_n therehath_fw-mi be_v sometime_o wheat_n flax_n and_o silk_n send_v from_o thence_o but_o hitherto_o not_o much_o of_o those_o commodity_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o but_o few_o people_n and_o they_o not_o so_o well_o fit_v for_o nor_o so_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o order_n of_o they_o especial_o flax_n and_o silk_n which_o prosper_v so_o well_o in_o those_o part_n that_o in_o a_o few_o year_n we_o may_v in_o all_o likelihood_n expect_v considerable_a quantity_n of_o those_o good_n from_o thence_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o any_o custom_n or_o other_o imposition_n upon_o any_o thing_n import_v there_o or_o export_v from_o thence_o their_o trade_n be_v chief_o with_o london_n and_o bristol_n enough_o if_o not_o a_o great_a deal_n too_o much_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o good_n here_o viz._n 2._o d._n for_o every_o pound_n of_o tobacco_n custom_n and_o excise_n 12_o d._n for_o every_o skin_n of_o beaver_n and_o 5_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v carry_v over_o thither_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o planter_n there_o have_v large_a proportion_n of_o land_n due_a to_o they_o upon_o the_o adventure_n of_o their_o person_n or_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fifty_o acre_n for_o every_o person_n transport_v which_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o and_o take_v up_o by_o they_o or_o their_o assign_v in_o any_o place_n which_o they_o shall_v choose_v not_o already_o possess_v or_o take_v up_o by_o another_o before_o pay_v a_o quitrent_a of_o 12_o d._n for_o every_o 50_o acre_n yearly_a in_o tobacco_n corn_n or_o other_o commodity_n at_o the_o price_n current_n upon_o which_o they_o live_v and_o plant_v what_o they_o please_v without_o any_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n there_o be_v no_o other_o order_n government_n or_o regulation_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n but_o what_o every_o man_n have_v in_o his_o own_o breast_n linen_n and_o woollen_a cloth_n of_o all_o sort_n nail_n iron_n tool_n soap_n starch_n powder_n shot_n gun_n wine_n strong-water_n sugar_n fruit_n spice_n and_o general_o all_o necessary_n for_o householdstuff_n and_o clothing_n be_v vend_v and_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o ship_n of_o our_o nation_n in_o such_o proportion_n or_o quantity_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o 16_o or_o 18000_o people_n there_o be_v about_o that_o number_n of_o the_o english_a planter_n and_o some_o negro_n and_o other_o which_o be_v their_o servant_n no_o prohibition_n of_o any_o commodity_n to_o virginia_n but_o only_a sheep_n which_o by_o a_o politic_a law_n of_o our_o nation_n may_v not_o to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n yet_o neverless_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o now_o and_o then_o a_o few_o in_o a_o ship_n and_o the_o severe_a penalty_n of_o that_o act_n evade_v upon_o pretence_n of_o fresh_a provision_n for_o themselves_o at_o sea_n the_o dutch_a have_v have_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o virginia_n former_o to_o the_o great_a advantage_n and_o surport_n of_o that_o plantation_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o late_a long_a parliament_n and_o the_o last_o article_n of_o peace_n that_o nation_n be_v prohibit_v so_o that_o now_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o free_a to_o any_o but_o those_o of_o our_o own_o nation_n except_v what_o trade_n they_o have_v with_o the_o native_n or_o indians-for_a beaver-skin_n four_o or_o 5000_o yearly_a also_o otter_n deer_n bear_v and_o some_o other_o skin_n of_o fox_n musk-rat_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o value_n of_o four_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la or_o thereabouts_o all_o which_o be_v get_v by_o way_n of_o truck_v or_o barter_v for_o a_o course_n sort_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o duffel_n use_v by_o they_o to_o make_v mantle_n for_o their_o clothe_n as_o also_o knife_n scissors_n bead_n ho's_z and_o axe_n rich._n bennet_n virginia_n the_o manner_n of_o plant_v tobacco_n in_o virginia_n the_o seed_n of_o tobacco_n be_v much_o esser_fw-it than_o mustardseed_n it_o be_v sow_v in_o january_n or_o february_n in_o bed_n of_o rich_a and_o well-manured_n ground_n where_o it_o spring_v up_o to_o plant_n common_o as_o thick_a as_o they_o can_v stand_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o plant_n be_v come_v to_o strength_n and_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o rose_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o may_n they_o be_v transplant_v into_o the_o midst_n of_o little_a hill_n make_v in_o field_n for_o that_o purpose_n about_o three_o foot_n asunder_o one_o from_o the_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v 4_o or_o 5000_o hill_n in_o a_o acre_n of_o ground_n sometime_o if_o the_o plant_n be_v weak_a they_o set_v 2_o or_o 3_o in_o one_o hill_n to_o make_v sure_a of_o one_o but_o when_o once_o come_v to_o strength_n they_o never_o suffer_v above_o one_o to_o grow_v in_o one_o hill_n if_o they_o shall_v they_o will_v but_o spoil_v one_o another_o these_o plant_n grow_v up_o into_o stalk_n much_o like_o colewort_n bear_v leave_v one_o above_o another_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n long_o very_o thick_a and_o sappy_a in_o shape_n much_o like_o dock-leaves_a they_o seldom_o let_v the_o stalk_n grow_v above_o two_o foot_n high_a except_o such_o as_o be_v preserve_v for_o seed_n the_o top_n then_o be_v cut_v off_o that_o the_o leave_v thereon_o may_v be_v the_o better_o nourish_v the_o ground_n if_o well_o husband_v be_v cleanse_v from_o weed_n with_o ho's_z and_o the_o earth_n keep_v about_o the_o plant_n it_o be_v ripe_a in_o august_n than_o they_o cut_v up_o the_o plant_n whilst_o the_o leaf_n grow_v

day_n back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 1_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n on_o the_o fair_a and_o thence_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 10_o day_n and_o the_o same_o back_n thence_o chap._n cccxli_o of_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o money_n practise_v in_o the_o exchange_n and_o payment_n of_o rome_n exchange_n the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o money_n pay_v to_o rome_n by_o exchange_n this_o term_n aggio_n common_a in_o divers_a part_n of_o italy_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o valuable_a consideration_n in_o the_o species_n of_o sundry_a money_n that_o be_v make_v in_o payment_n either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n and_o be_v account_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o best_a money_n use_v in_o term_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o worst_a use_v in_o payment_n of_o good_n and_o therefore_o 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the_o question_n it_o will_v amount_v unto_o crown_n 2764._o 12._o 8._o of_o estamp_n account_n proof_n of_o the_o aggios_n account_n now_o to_o prove_v the_o say_a account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o estampe_n by_o julio_n 1245_o per_fw-la cent_n in_o cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o of_o the_o product_n there_o will_v remain_v crown_n 3441_o and_o baiocs_n 96⅘_n and_o so_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v well_o make_v save_v a_o small_a break_a number_n lose_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n must_v be_v wrought_v all_o like_a account_n though_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n be_v either_o augment_v or_o lessen_v still_o by_o add_v the_o aggio_fw-mi such_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o or_o to_o the_o julio_n 1200_o which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n destamp_n the_o whole_a question_n i_o shall_v for_o explanation_n demonstrate_v by_o the_o work_n thereof_o in_o this_o example_n and_o first_o chap._n 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here_o at_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o value_n with_o our_o standard_n will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n coin_n merchant_n do_v or_o aught_o to_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o foreign_a coin_n the_o discreet_a merchant_n for_o the_o better_a direct_v of_o his_o trade_n and_o his_o exchange_n by_o bill_n to_o and_o from_o the_o several_a place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o he_o be_v accustom_v to_o deal_v do_v careful_o learn_v the_o parity_n or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o weight_n and_o fineness_n compare_v with_o our_o standard_n whereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o know_v perfect_o the_o just_a profit_n or_o loss_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o we_o trade_n to_o divers_a place_n where_o we_o vent_v off_o our_o native_a commodity_n yearly_a to_o a_o great_a value_n and_o yet_o find_v few_o or_o no_o ware_n there_o fit_v our_o use_n whereby_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v our_o return_n in_o ready_a 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at_o once_o the_o king_n in_o his_o cuostm_n and_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o profit_n for_o such_o a_o restriction_n must_v of_o necessity_n destroy_v much_o trade_n because_o the_o diversity_n of_o occasion_n and_o place_n which_o make_v a_o ample_a trade_n require_v that_o some_o man_n shall_v both_o export_n and_o import_n ware_n some_o export_n only_o other_o import_n some_o deliver_v our_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n other_o take_v it_o up_o some_o carry_v out_o money_n other_o bring_v it_o in_o and_o this_o in_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n according_a to_o the_o good_a husbandry_n or_o excess_n in_o the_o kingdom_n over_o which_o only_a if_o we_o keep_v a_o strict_a law_n it_o will_v rule_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o without_o this_o all_o other_o statute_n be_v no_o rule_n either_o to_o keep_v or_o procure_v we_o treasure_n last_o to_o

find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n or_o city_n to_o find_v out_o then_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o any_o two_o place_n do_v thus_o set_v the_o one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o the_o one_o place_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n on_o the_o other_o place_n and_o apply_v that_o wideness_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o look_v how_o many_o degree_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a that_o wideness_n comprehend_v and_o allow_v 60_o italian_a mile_n to_o every_o degree_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o distance_n by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o those_o two_o place_n demand_v but_o if_o the_o say_v two_o place_n have_v both_o either_o north_n or_o south_n latitude_n then_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a latitude_n out_o of_o the_o great_a so_o shall_v you_o find_v the_o difference_n which_o difference_n if_o you_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o product_n will_v be_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n and_o if_o to_o the_o whole_a degree_n of_o difference_n there_o be_v annex_v any_o minute_n than_o you_o 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subdivision_n thereof_o as_o potency_n may_v and_o sovereignty_n have_v prescribe_v rule_n thereunto_o this_o world_n then_o consist_v as_o i_o note_v before_o of_o four_o principal_a part_n and_o every_o part_n consist_v of_o several_a empire_n kingdom_n and_o province_n in_o which_o many_o commodity_n both_o natural_a and_o artificial_a be_v find_v fit_a for_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n and_o also_o wherein_o be_v note_v to_o be_v divers_a eminent_a city_n and_o town_n of_o great_a concourse_n of_o ship_n merchant_n and_o trade_n which_o trade_n be_v maintain_v and_o drive_v by_o the_o say_a commodity_n and_o ware_n and_o by_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o mankind_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o invention_n and_o time_n have_v devise_v the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o weight_n measure_n coin_n exchange_n and_o accompt-keeping_a have_v draw_v the_o same_o to_o certain_a head_n and_o principal_n which_o in_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o demonstrate_v but_o before_o i_o fall_v to_o particular_n it_o be_v requisite_a i_o shall_v first_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o same_o in_o general_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v and_o the_o general_n part_v thereof_o art_n merchandize_v account_v a_o art_n merchandize_v true_o consider_v in_o itself_o and_o right_o practise_v may_v well_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o art_n or_o science_n invent_v by_o ingenious_a mankind_n for_o the_o public_a good_a commodity_n and_o welfare_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n for_o thereby_o some_o place_n and_o kingdom_n be_v supply_v and_o furnish_v with_o those_o necessary_a thing_n whereof_o nature_n herself_o have_v prove_v deficient_a in_o and_o which_o in_o some_o other_o place_n or_o kingdom_n have_v abandon_v tend_v either_o to_o the_o need_n ornament_n or_o commodity_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o be_v perform_v by_o export_v the_o superfluity_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o one_o to_o furnish_v the_o defect_n and_o want_n that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o other_o and_o the_o arts-man_n that_o be_v see_v thus_o to_o practice_v and_o exercise_v the_o same_o and_o which_o do_v thus_o transport_v these_o thing_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o be_v general_o know_v to_o we_o and_o common_o term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o wherewith_o they_o negotiate_v and_o traffic_n be_v term_v merchandize_n or_o commodity_n what_o merchandize_v what_o merchandize_v then_o of_o it_o self_n in_o effect_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o commutation_n bargain_v contract_n or_o exchange_v of_o one_o man_n with_o another_o and_o by_o give_v by_o one_o so_o much_o of_o one_o thing_n or_o commodity_n to_o have_v of_o the_o other_o so_o much_o and_o the_o like_a value_n of_o some_o one_o other_o differ_a commodity_n else_o and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d themselves_o subject_a to_o this_o commutation_n or_o exchange_v be_v principal_o observe_v in_o all_o place_n to_o be_v two_o money_n the_o material_n of_o merchandize_v be_v commodity_n and_o money_n first_o wares_n or_o good_n and_o second_o money_n or_o coin_n which_o two_o be_v usual_o observe_v to_o be_v contract_v and_o bargain_v for_o in_o three_o several_a distinct_a manner_n kind_n commutation_n distinguish_v into_o three_o manner_n or_o kind_n the_o first_o be_v good_n for_o good_n and_o this_o be_v term_v barter_v the_o second_o be_v good_n for_o money_n and_o this_o be_v term_v bargain_v and_o the_o three_o be_v money_n for_o money_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o among_o merchant_n in_o these_o day_n term_v exchange_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o all_o merchantile_fw-la affair_n and_o commerce-like_a negotiation_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o kind_n or_o sort_n that_o be_v into_o barter_v common_o call_v truck_v bargain_v common_o call_v buy_v and_o sell_v and_o into_o return_v of_o money_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o bill_n common_o call_v exchange_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v teach_v to_o mankind_n by_o necessity_n who_o to_o provide_v himself_o of_o thing_n that_o be_v needful_a give_v in_o lieu_n and_o in_o truck_v thereof_o and_o for_o the_o same_o the_o thing_n whereof_o he_o have_v store_n and_o plenty_n the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v out_o and_o invent_v to_o facilitate_v the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o to_o facilitate_v the_o second_o barter_v barter_v in_o the_o time_n of_o old_a among_o we_o and_o yet_o in_o these_o day_n in_o many_o place_n of_o america_n asia_n and_o africa_n the_o first_o manner_n of_o barter_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o in_o use_n and_o practise_v where_o though_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o brass_n be_v not_o know_v nor_o account_v as_o a_o stamp_a coin_n yet_o it_o be_v then_o both_o here_o and_o be_v still_o here_o hold_v in_o great_a estimation_n than_o be_v any_o other_o commodity_n or_o metal_n the_o which_o homer_n infer_v in_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n where_o he_o mention_v that_o achilles_n his_o golden_a armour_n be_v value_v in_o barter_n at_o one_o hundred_o ox_n and_o that_o the_o brass_n armour_n of_o diomedes_n be_v value_v in_o barter_n but_o at_o nine_o but_o man_n in_o process_n of_o time_n find_v it_o too_o too_o difficult_a a_o thing_n and_o too_o too_o troublesome_a a_o business_n to_o carry_v about_o he_o all_o thing_n thus_o barter_v and_o truck_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o choose_v out_o one_o singular_a thing_n which_o as_o a_o common_a standard_n or_o measure_n shall_v countervail_v and_o be_v in_o value_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o which_o shall_v be_v receive_v and_o account_v of_o in_o payment_n satisfaction_n and_o equivalency_n to_o all_o other_o and_o the_o thing_n thus_o choose_v and_o estimate_v be_v gold_n silver_n and_o brass_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o metal_n which_o be_v then_o and_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n divide_v

into_o great_a and_o small_a piece_n and_o into_o several_a and_o distinct_a part_n and_o denomination_n be_v stamp_v and_o coin_v with_o several_a character_n to_o denote_v thereby_o the_o true_a weight_n and_o value_n of_o the_o same_o the_o which_o be_v first_o do_v by_o servius_n in_o rome_n of_o brass_n whereon_o be_v imprint_v the_o image_n of_o sheep_n and_o ox_n betoken_v the_o wealth_n and_o riches_n of_o those_o day_n as_o money_n do_v now_o with_o we_o and_o because_o that_o ten_o of_o those_o piece_n be_v then_o call_v a_o denier_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o universal_o all_o such_o money_n be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o latin_n denarii_fw-la this_o be_v then_o the_o original_n of_o money_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v coin_v both_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a have_v occasion_n to_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o money_n in_o this_o follow_a treatise_n bargain_v bargain_v this_o first_o sort_n of_o merchandize_v or_o commerce_n then_o as_o i_o say_v before_o term_v barter_v or_o truck_v of_o one_o commodity_n for_o another_o beget_v consequent_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o money_n the_o second_o manner_n of_o negotiation_n which_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v or_o bargain_v for_o all_o merchant_n that_o will_v transport_v commodity_n from_o one_o country_n or_o place_n to_o another_o to_o effect_v the_o same_o need_v either_o other_o commodity_n wherewith_o to_o barter_n and_o so_o to_o procure_v they_o or_o money_n and_o so_o to_o buy_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o facilitate_v merchandize_v and_o to_o take_v away_o the_o incommodity_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o carriage_n of_o money_n about_o a_o man_n or_o from_o place_n to_o place_n a_o mean_a be_v invent_v to_o have_v the_o same_o in_o what_o country_n a_o man_n please_v without_o trouble_n or_o danger_n of_o the_o transport_n carriage_n or_o rigour_n thereof_o exchange_v exchange_v and_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v best_a perform_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o commutation_n the_o which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o give_n of_o so_o much_o money_n in_o one_o place_n to_o one_o who_o shall_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v again_o repay_v in_o another_o place_n by_o another_o for_o he_o as_o for_o example_n edward_n have_v here_o in_o london_n one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o desire_v to_o remit_v the_o same_o or_o have_v it_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o joseph_n who_o reside_v in_o venice_n and_o lodowick_n have_v one_o thousand_o pound_n in_o venice_n in_o the_o custody_n and_o hand_n of_o thomas_n which_o he_o will_v get_v receive_v and_o recover_v out_o and_o have_v they_o here_o it_o happen_v that_o edward_n meet_v with_o lodowick_n to_o who_o he_o deliver_v and_o pay_v the_o say_v one_o thousand_o pound_n and_o thereupon_o lodowick_n write_v to_o thomas_n that_o he_o pay_v the_o say_v thousand_o pound_n to_o joseph_n and_o thus_o each_o party_n come_v to_o be_v both_o satisfy_v and_o accommodate_v by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v that_o in_o all_o exchange_n there_o be_v conclude_v two_o payment_n two_o place_n and_o four_o distinct_a person_n as_o he_o who_o pay_v in_o the_o one_o place_n and_o he_o who_o receive_v in_o the_o other_o and_o he_o who_o receive_v in_o the_o one_o place_n and_o he_o who_o pay_v in_o the_o other_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o no_o man_n can_v remit_v except_o there_o be_v another_o to_o draw_v nor_o no_o man_n can_v in_o the_o second_o place_n receive_v except_o there_o be_v another_o authorize_v to_o pay_v thereof_o exchange_n draw_v into_o a_o profitable_a art_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n than_o come_v in_o use_n the_o original_n of_o exchange_n purposely_o invent_v to_o accommodate_v trade_n and_o commerce_n the_o which_o at_o first_o be_v practise_v without_o either_o benefit_n or_o loss_n or_o any_o other_o consideration_n and_o to_o render_v again_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n and_o parcel_n as_o be_v receive_v but_o other_o consideration_n and_o to_o render_v again_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n and_o parcel_n as_o be_v receive_v but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o come_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o the_o giver_n or_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n come_v both_o to_o lose_v a_o certain_a space_n in_o time_n ere_o the_o same_o be_v repay_v and_o do_v also_o run_v a_o certrin_n risgo_fw-la in_o the_o payment_n thereof_o which_o the_o receiver_n or_o drawer_n enjoy_v and_o profit_v by_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v reasonable_a that_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v have_v some_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n in_o requital_n and_o satisfaction_n thereof_o which_o afterward_o occasion_v that_o the_o second_o payment_n come_v to_o be_v somewhat_o great_a than_o the_o former_a and_o that_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o there_o shall_v be_v restore_v more_o than_o be_v receive_v the_o endeavour_n of_o this_o gain_n than_o have_v convert_v exchange_n since_o into_o a_o art_n or_o mystery_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o many_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o remit_v and_o deliver_v money_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o have_v the_o same_o return_v with_o benefit_n and_o not_o for_o a_o need_n or_o necessity_n to_o have_v it_o more_o in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o and_o many_o again_o be_v find_v to_o be_v taker_n and_o drawer_n not_o with_o intent_n to_o withdraw_v or_o recover_v their_o money_n from_o another_o person_n or_o place_n but_o to_o serve_v themselves_o and_o their_o occasion_n with_o that_o of_o other_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n pay_v and_o allow_v for_o the_o same_o that_o consideration_n and_o interest_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o and_o covenant_v between_o they_o which_o real_o and_o in_o effect_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o permit_v usury_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o account_v as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a though_o by_o many_o and_o by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a practice_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v uphold_v and_o maintain_v with_o many_o solid_a reason_n and_o substantial_a argument_n beside_o which_o it_o be_v considerable_a and_o peradventure_o it_o may_v well_o be_v grant_v that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o that_o there_o be_v by_o this_o art_n and_o mystery_n a_o gain_n and_o profit_n make_v thereof_o very_o few_o exchange_n will_v present_v because_o that_o draught_n and_o remittance_n will_v in_o this_o nature_n but_o seldom_o happen_v that_o will_v or_o may_v any_o way_n be_v available_a to_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o less_o benefit_n will_v consequent_o redound_v to_o the_o public_a and_o universal_a commerce_n of_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o intention_n of_o particular_a exchange_n be_v not_o always_o find_v good_a herein_o yet_o the_o general_a good_a effect_n which_o it_o produce_v and_o that_o proceed_v therefrom_o be_v in_o it_o self_n and_o in_o the_o true_a use_n and_o custom_n thereof_o both_o approve_v and_o laudable_a barter_v thing_n considerable_a in_o barter_v now_o in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o commutation_n which_o i_o term_v barter_v many_o thing_n do_v happen_v considerable_a and_o necessary_a in_o the_o art_n of_o merchandize_v the_o first_o be_v the_o knowledge_n as_o well_o in_o the_o commodity_n thus_o to_o be_v deliver_v as_o in_o the_o commodity_n so_o to_o be_v receive_v next_o a_o knowledge_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o value_n and_o present_a request_n and_o estimation_n of_o both_o then_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n whether_o it_o be_v last_v and_o durable_a or_o impair_n or_o perishable_a and_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n whether_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o natural_a and_o grow_a or_o artificial_a and_o make_v by_o the_o hand_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quantity_n whether_o plentiful_a in_o abundance_n or_o scarce_o and_o in_o few_o hand_n bargain_v thing_n considerable_a in_o bargain_v in_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o commutation_n which_o i_o term_v bargain_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v likewise_o beside_o the_o abovementioned_a these_o particular_n to_o be_v well_o know_v and_o consider_v first_o a_o knowledge_n how_o the_o commodity_n be_v either_o buy_v or_o sell_v as_o either_o by_o weight_n as_o be_v ponderous_a commodity_n or_o as_o by_o concave_a or_o long_a measure_n as_o be_v commodity_n of_o length_n or_o commodity_n solid_a or_o liquid_a the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n perfect_o to_o be_v know_v and_o real_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o then_o the_o fineness_n goodness_n and_o current_a valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o place_n be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v and_o perfect_o and_o right_o to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o be_v distinguish_v that_o the_o bargain_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v make_v the_o more_o just_o equal_o and_o conscionable_o between_o both_o party_n and_o for_o

11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o lion_n 11_o 3½_n another_o piece_n with_o a_o castle_n 11_o 2_o another_o piece_n with_o pillar_n and_o a_o castle_n 11_o 3_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n of_o earl_n of_o swarborrow_n 11_o 4_o a_o spanish_a ryal_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o spanish_a ryal_n 9_o  _fw-fr other_o foreign_a coin_n a_o french_a testoon_n with_o 3_o flower-de-luce_n and_o 2_o h._n with_o crown_n over_o they_o and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 15½_n another_o testoon_n with_o a_o flower-de-luce_n and_o the_o king_n picture_n 10_o 2_o another_o testoon_n with_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o h._n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o a_o face_n on_o the_o other_o side_n 10_o 1_o a_o french_a piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v a_o half_a crown_n with_o a_o picture_n of_o a_o king_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o arm_n with_o 2_o lion_n 6_o flower-de-luces_n in_o a_o scutcheon_n crown_v and_o 2_o e._n on_o either_o side_n the_o arm_n date_v 1682._o 10_o  _fw-fr also_o new_a french_a money_n with_o three_o flower-de-luces_n in_o the_o scutcheon_n and_o a_o cross_n with_o flower-de-luces_n on_o the_o end_n 10_o 18_o a_o french_a soul_n 3_o 5½_n a_o piece_n of_o portugal_n money_n be_v a_o crusade_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o arm_n of_o portugal_n on_o the_o other_o 11_o 1_o plate_n make_v in_o lion_n in_o france_n mark_v with_o a_o lion_n head_n 11_o 4_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 2_o a_o mustecego_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o marsello_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o bagatin_n of_o venice_n 11_o 8_o a_o piece_n of_o russia_n money_n 11_o 12_o a_o piece_n of_o bologna_n money_n 9_o 16_o a_o piece_n of_o french_a money_n call_v a_o florin_n 11_o 2_o a_o penny_n of_o france_n 4_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o france_n 10_o 16_o a_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 7_o 15_o another_o snaphen_n of_o gelderland_n 8_o  _fw-fr other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 4_o 18_o other_o money_n of_o gelderland_n 3_o 4_o a_o snaphen_n of_o cleve_n 7_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o deventer_n 8_o  _fw-fr at_fw-fr snaphen_n of_o campen_n 8⅓_n  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o milan_n 11_o 11_o a_o slaper_n of_o ravenna_n 11_o 10_o a_o slaper_n of_o ferrara_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o sien_n 10_o 2_o a_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 7_o 5_o a_o cornebot_n of_o monferrat_n 6_o 6_o another_o slaper_n of_o monferrat_n 11_o 8_o a_o slaper_n of_o bourn_n 11_o 0_o a_o slaper_n of_o portugal_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o foboria_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o baden_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o wirtenberg_n 10_o 16_o a_o slaper_n of_o lorain_n 10_o  _fw-fr a_o slaper_n of_o savoy_n 7_o 12_o a_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n 5_o 6_o a_o slaper_n of_o salusen_n 6_o 10_o another_o slaper_n of_o piedmont_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr a_o cornbot_n of_o salusen_n 7_o 4_o a_o slaper_n of_o three_o alonson_n 6_o 6_o targe_n of_o piedmont_n 6_o 10_o stick_n of_o salen_n 6_o 6_o of_o old_a english_a money_n and_o edward_n pence_n of_o 20_o to_o the_o ounce_n civitas_n london_n 11_o 2_o civitas_n chester_n 10_o 17½_n civitas_n kingston_n 10_o 18_o villa_n st._n edmondsbury_n 10_o 13_o civitas_n barwick_n 10_o 18_o civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o 1½_n civitas_n l._n bors_n 11_o  _fw-fr civitas_n canterbury_n 10_o 18_o canterbury_n civitas_n 11_o 1_o henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2½_n henry_n 3d._n a_o penny_n 11_o 2_o a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n 3d._n 10_o 19¼_n a_o groat_n of_o king_n edw._n four_o 10_o 19½_n a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 10_o 18¼_n a_o old_a henry_n groat_n with_o a_o long_a face_n and_o long_a hair_n 10_o 19¼_n a_o gun-hole_n groat_n hen._n 8_o 9_o  _fw-fr the_o first_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 8_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o gun-stone_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 6_o  _fw-fr a_o sixpence_n of_o king_n edw._n 6_o 10_o 19½_n a_o sixpence_n of_o p._n and_o mary_n 10_o 18_o a_o groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 11_o 1½_n the_o first_o harp_n groat_n of_o hen._n 8_o 4_o  _fw-fr the_o second_o harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o harp_n groat_n 6_o 19_o a_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 10_o  _fw-fr another_o irish_a harp_n groat_n 5_o 19_o a_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 1½_n another_o scotish_n groat_n 9_o 16_o a_o penny_n of_o genoa_n 10_o 3_o carolus_n of_o burgundy_n 10_o  _fw-fr money_n of_o anglesey_n 6_o  _fw-fr a_o penny_n of_o camarien_n 11_o  _fw-fr a_o groat_n of_o poland_n 9_o  _fw-fr of_o the_o carot_n weight_n use_v only_o for_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n this_o be_v a_o weight_n bring_v from_o the_o venetian_n and_o derive_v from_o the_o indian_n or_o moor_n call_v mangear_n or_o fanan_n which_o be_v a_o weight_n not_o much_o differ_v from_o this_o call_v a_o carot-weight_n whereof_o 150_o carot_n in_o weight_n do_v make_v one_o ounce_n troy_n this_o carot_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 64_o carot_n 32_o carot_n 16_o carot_n 8_o carot_n 4_o carot_n 2_o carot_n 1_o carot_n ½_n carot_n ¼_n carot_n ●_o carot_n ●_o carot_n the_o weight_n use_v in_o india_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n by_o be_v call_v mangeluy_fw-fr or_o mangear_n about_o 5_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o weigh_v two_o tarr_n ⅓_n which_o be_v ⅔_n part_n of_o 1_o carot_n be_v 4_o grain_n and_o 4_o tarr_n weight_n a_o fanan_n which_o be_v also_o a_o weight_n somewhat_o above_o 2_o of_o our_o carot_n for_o 11_o fanans_n and_o ¼_n be_v one_o mitigal_a and_o 6_o mitigal_n and_o ½_n do_v make_v 1_o ounce_n a_o fanan_n also_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o money_n which_o be_v in_o value_n 1_o ryal_n of_o spain_n now_o follow_v the_o rule_n in_o proportion_n how_o to_o value_v the_o true_a rate_n of_o a_o diamond_n or_o any_o other_o stone_n valuable_a as_o merchant_n of_o skill_n do_v use_v to_o value_v they_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o diamond_n be_v as_o chief_a of_o all_o precious_a stone_n be_v sell_v by_o weight_n from_o merchant_n to_o merchant_n call_v by_o the_o english_a german_a and_o venetian_a a_o carot_n weight_n as_o before_o be_v rehearse_v the_o diamond_n have_v a_o very_a certain_a thickness_n whereby_o it_o be_v certain_o wrought_v out_o and_o polish_v upon_o the_o mill_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v too_o thick_a nor_o too_o thin_a for_o than_o it_o will_v not_o bear_v his_o tent_n but_o must_v have_v his_o just_a proportion_n of_o thickness_n to_o bear_v his_o tent_n or_o else_o to_o be_v set_v on_o velvet_n as_o a_o thin_a stone_n the_o proportion_n be_v that_o the_o two_o square_n on_o the_o side_n must_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v no_o broad_a than_o that_o three_o of_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o will_v make_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o in_o depth_n according_a to_o the_o same_o proportion_n and_o the_o square_n call_v bizils_n must_v stand_v close_o with_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o ring_n or_o collet_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v be_v of_o the_o whole_a depth_n and_o somewhat_o long_o than_o square_a and_o yet_o no_o more_o than_o that_o it_o may_v be_v guert_v which_o be_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n thereof_o also_o it_o must_v be_v without_o any_o fault_n both_o in_o corner_n or_o side_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n sharp_a and_o clean_o cut_v without_o any_o naytness_n and_o of_o a_o good_a water-crystalline_a and_o shine_v clear_a not_o yellow_a or_o brown_a bluish_a or_o blackish_a but_o clear_a and_o clean_o in_o all_o perfection_n then_o we_o may_v say_v a_o diamond_n thus_o perfect_a weigh_v one_o carot_n be_v worth_a 50_o ducat_n but_o now_o much_o alter_v from_o that_o value_n to_o double_v the_o same_o as_o a_o diamond_n of_o that_o perfection_n before_o speak_v of_o weigh_v 1_o carot_n be_v worth_a 30_o 35_o or_o 40_o lib._n sterling_n but_o a_o diamond_n not_o so_o perfect_a though_o a_o good_a stone_n clean_o and_o want_v a_o corner_n be_v in_o estimation_n less_o worth_a by_o 10_o ducat_n or_o according_a to_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o buyer_n note_v also_o that_o some_o diamond_n be_v not_o worth_a pass_v 34_o 35_o or_o 36_o dollar_n a_o carot_n which_o be_v likewise_o buy_v by_o the_o merchant_n as_o the_o humour_n lead_v he_o but_o when_o you_o will_v value_v a_o diamond_n you_o must_v look_v effectual_o of_o what_o water_n and_o fashion_v it_o be_v as_o the_o best_a proportion_n be_v either_o the_o square_a table_n or_o point_a then_o if_o it_o have_v all_o his_o depth_n call_v in_o art_n full-ground_n which_o be_v soon_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n unset_v and_o easy_o discern_v in_o one_o set_v in_o a_o ring_n or_o jewel_n for_o be_v a_o full-ground_n stone_n it_o stand_v upon_o his_o

commodity_n for_o the_o ingenious_a merchant_n find_v it_o still_o defective_a and_o therefore_o to_o have_v it_o yet_o more_o perfect_a invent_v the_o art_n of_o concave_a measure_n that_o shall_v serve_v as_o well_o for_o dry_v as_o for_o liquid_a commodity_n as_o it_o be_v see_v practise_v at_o this_o day_n for_o grain_n rice_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n and_o for_o oil_n wine_n water_n liquor_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n set_v by_o this_o way_n by_o art_n and_o invention_n in_o most_o of_o these_o commodity_n a_o concordance_n of_o measure_n with_o weight_n as_o in_o other_o commodity_n be_v set_v a_o concordance_n of_o weight_n with_o measure_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o knowledge_n in_o the_o general_n be_v of_o itself_o too_o capacious_a and_o large_a to_o be_v particular_o handle_v as_o the_o subject_n require_v i_o have_v be_v therefore_o constrain_v to_o confine_v myself_o to_o measure_n of_o length_n only_o as_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a part_n of_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n yet_o so_o as_o i_o have_v not_o omit_v the_o rest_n where_o they_o have_v fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o observation_n and_o if_o i_o have_v therein_o be_v find_v defective_a the_o vastness_n of_o the_o subject_n may_v plead_v my_o excuse_n measure_n all_o measure_n to_o the_o merchant_n must_v be_v as_o one_o measure_n he_o than_o that_o intend_v by_o way_n of_o traffic_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o tract_n must_v as_o well_o be_v skilled_a in_o measure_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o weight_n for_o he_o must_v not_o only_o ready_o know_v his_o own_o measure_n as_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o itself_o in_o use_n but_o also_o the_o measure_n of_o that_o place_n whereto_o he_o bend_v his_o trade_n and_o negotiation_n allow_v or_o deduct_v by_o addition_n or_o substraction_n where_o the_o overplus_n or_o want_n do_v challenge_v a_o part_n to_o make_v a_o due_a proportion_n of_o both_o and_o be_v so_o well_o verse_v therein_o as_o that_o all_o measure_n may_v be_v to_o he_o as_o one_o measure_n by_o a_o true_a calculation_n of_o the_o length_n or_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o measurer_n all_o city_n of_o trade_n have_v swear_v and_o public_a measurer_n again_o it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o merchant_n that_o in_o all_o country_n and_o well-governed_a city_n there_o be_v for_o the_o reiglement_n of_o thing_n measurable_a institute_v a_o public_a measurer_n authorize_v by_o the_o sovereign_a magistrate_n who_o be_v swear_v to_o decide_v all_o controversy_n that_o happen_v in_o and_o about_o the_o art_n of_o measure_v to_o who_o honesty_n and_o faith_n be_v entrust_v this_o public_a measure_n and_o to_o which_o all_o merchant_n and_o trader_n may_v in_o time_n of_o need_n and_o difference_n repair_v and_o have_v recourse_n unto_o and_o by_o which_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v see_v that_o prince_n do_v receive_v their_o duty_n of_o custom_n upon_o 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measure_n in_o the_o other_o place_n but_o if_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v long_o than_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o be_v from_o b_o to_z g_z then_o take_v the_o distance_n of_o agnostus_n with_o a_o compass_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o c_o and_o extend_v the_o other_o towards_o a_o which_o for_o example_n do_v come_v to_o rest_v in_o f_o be_v 150_o part_n from_o c_z therefore_o then_o 1150_o measure_n of_o the_o one_o place_n make_v just_a 1000_o of_o the_o other_o by_o which_o you_o may_v calculate_v to_o a_o lesser_a proportion_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o conceive_v needful_a to_o insert_v concern_v the_o knowledge_n of_o measure_n in_o general_a and_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o which_o be_v the_o knowledge_n in_o general_n of_o commodity_n use_v by_o the_o way_n of_o merchandize_v chap._n ix_o of_o commodity_n in_o general_n use_v by_o the_o way_n of_o merchandise_n and_o of_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o thereof_o commodity_n in_o general_n use_v in_o merchandize_v and_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o have_v speak_v of_o city_n of_o trade_n in_o general_n as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v in_o these_o day_n and_o of_o the_o custom_n more_o or_o less_o that_o be_v impose_v by_o prince_n in_o all_o city_n where_o trade_n be_v practise_v upon_o all_o commodity_n use_v as_o merchandise_n by_o such_o as_o negotiate_v and_o use_v traffic_n and_o of_o the_o money_n and_o current_a coin_n whereby_o this_o trade_n be_v drive_v with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v distinguish_v and_o regulate_v the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v in_o order_n be_v the_o commodity_n and_o ware_n themselves_o wherewith_o this_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v and_o practise_v in_o every_o city_n and_o country_n comprise_v in_o this_o map_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a thing_n upon_o which_o the_o say_a duty_n be_v pay_v and_o for_o which_o the_o say_v money_n be_v see_v to_o be_v give_v in_o exchange_n by_o the_o way_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v artificial_a all_o commodity_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a all_o commodity_n than_o that_o be_v use_v as_o merchandize_n by_o trader_n and_o merchant_n may_v proper_o be_v distinguish_v into_o two_o kind_n and_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a commodity_n commodity_n natural_a commodity_n natural_a commodity_n i_o call_v such_o as_o the_o earth_n or_o creature_n either_o with_o or_o without_o the_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n do_v do_v natural_o produce_v of_o themselves_o of_o which_o kind_n be_v wine_n oil_n cotton_n wool_n fruit_n grain_n raw_a silk_n spice_n drug_n gem_n gold_n silver_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n artificial_a commodity_n artificial_a commodity_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v either_o wrought_v or_o perfect_v by_o art_n or_o mystery_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v all_o fabric_n of_o either_o woollen_a linen_n silk_n and_o also_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o manual_a craft_n this_o day_n see_v practise_v through_o the_o world_n in_o sundry_a country_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o which_o two_o sort_n may_v all_o ware_n and_o all_o thing_n use_v as_o commodity_n be_v comprise_v again_o both_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o two_o other_o sort_n and_o kind_n which_o be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v staple_n and_o last_a commodity_n or_o impair_n and_o decay_a commodity_n commodity_n staple_n commodity_n the_o staple_n and_o last_a commodity_n i_o call_v such_o as_o endure_v at_o all_o time_n and_o continue_v for_o ever_o in_o their_o true_a estate_n and_o first_o condition_n of_o goodness_n never_o decay_v nor_o never_o lose_v their_o virtue_n and_o quality_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v gem_n gold_n silve_n copper_n brass_n lead_v iron_n steel_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n decay_v commodity_n the_o impair_n and_o

allowance_n to_o rectify_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o equality_n and_o true_a value_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v true_o see_v practise_v where_o a_o course_n of_o quiet_a traffic_n be_v settle_v between_o two_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n continue_v in_o amity_n and_o firm_a peace_n together_o but_o where_o prince_n either_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o war_n or_o accidental_a great_a disbursement_n have_v occasion_n or_o do_v use_v to_o inhanse_v the_o current_a rate_n of_o their_o money_n in_o their_o payment_n or_o decry_v they_o in_o the_o receipt_n and_o that_o money_n by_o that_o either_o casual_a or_o constant_a course_n become_v either_o more_o plentiful_a or_o more_o scarce_o than_o ordinary_a than_o these_o rule_n of_o parity_n hold_v not_o so_o just_o prince_n the_o exchanger_n rectifi_v the_o disorder_n of_o mint_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o prince_n yet_o ever_o so_o as_o have_v in_o its_o self_n a_o predominant_a power_n over_o the_o sudden_a affair_n of_o prince_n in_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o with_o all_o expedition_n possible_a rectify_v by_o a_o common_a knowledge_n and_o consent_n of_o exchange_n and_o banker_n the_o error_n or_o necessity_n of_o prince_n and_o their_o mint_n who_o indeed_o be_v the_o sovereign_n of_o all_o coin_n and_o money_n so_o that_o though_o the_o exchanger_n be_v not_o call_v to_o the_o prince_n counsel_n nor_o yet_o admit_v to_o give_v his_o opinion_n and_o verdict_n either_o in_o his_o mint_n or_o in_o the_o allay_n of_o his_o current_a money_n nor_o yet_o to_o his_o proclamation_n and_o decree_n in_o the_o settle_n or_o rectify_v of_o the_o goodness_n or_o current_n value_v thereof_o yet_o the_o overrule_a part_n or_o balance_n be_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o order_n by_o a_o invisible_a mystery_n of_o a_o visible_a exchange_n the_o allay_n value_n debasement_n or_o inhansement_n thereof_o with_o the_o allowance_n circumstance_n place_n and_o time_n be_v right_o consider_v such_o as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o country_n the_o plenty_n or_o scarcicy_n of_o money_n or_o other_o such_o like_a accident_n may_v admit_v regulate_v by_o this_o mean_n tacit_o in_o his_o closet_n the_o disorder_n commit_v by_o mint_n and_o the_o oversight_n which_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o prince_n necessity_n plunge_v they_o in_o and_o thus_o erect_v to_o himself_o and_o other_o of_o his_o profession_n a_o certain_a rule_n and_o public_a balance_n that_o shall_v serve_v as_o a_o equal_a parr_n and_o standard_n of_o all_o prince_n coin_n whatsoever_o thereby_o as_o with_o a_o touchstone_n take_v the_o true_a valuation_n thereof_o distinguish_v still_o the_o fineness_n and_o coursness_n according_a to_o the_o true_a worth_n and_o real_a goodness_n alter_v and_o change_v the_o price_n and_o rate_n thereof_o as_o time_n place_n and_o occasion_n may_v admit_v and_o give_v consent_n thereunto_o exchange_n how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parr_n of_o exchange_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o i_o shall_v show_v this_o true_a parr_n of_o exchange_n and_o howit_n may_v be_v find_v out_o and_o discern_v in_o all_o exchange_n experience_n have_v make_v it_o evident_a to_o all_o the_o learned_a in_o this_o art_n that_o the_o true_a royal_a exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v fair_o and_o substantial_o ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o several_a country_n according_a to_o the_o parr_n which_o by_o banker_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n as_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v see_v in_o our_o exchange_n in_o england_n which_o have_v its_o ground_n upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a english_a money_n the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o each_o other_o country_n according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n proportionable_a in_o the_o valuation_n be_v true_o and_o just_o make_v give_v also_o thereby_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n in_o and_o for_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o money_n and_o by_o which_o all_o exchange_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v in_o themselves_o frame_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v but_o beside_o this_o real_a parr_n of_o exchange_n there_o be_v also_o a_o merchant_n parr_n which_o in_o due_a place_n i_o shall_v declare_v these_o exchange_n then_o in_o the_o general_a property_n thereof_o do_v much_o differ_v both_o in_o the_o name_n and_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o the_o silver_n observe_v in_o most_o country_n and_o that_o to_o set_v down_o the_o parr_n of_o exchange_n exact_o we_o be_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v not_o only_o our_o own_o weight_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a with_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o country_n but_o also_o the_o fineness_n of_o our_o sterling_a standard_n with_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o several_a standard_n of_o the_o coîn_n of_o other_o country_n and_o if_o we_o be_v find_v not_o to_o differ_v with_o they_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o price_n and_o rate_n both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o hereby_o shall_v we_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n of_o our_o pound_n sterling_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n either_o of_o france_n germany_n low-countries_n eastland_n and_o elsewhere_o we_o be_v to_o have_v in_o exchange_n to_o countervail_v the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a to_o we_o be_v it_o by_o the_o pound_n doller_n ducat_n crown_n or_o any_o other_o imaginary_a or_o real_a coin_n give_v always_o a_o value_n for_o value_n and_o receive_v the_o like_a which_o be_v call_v by_o exchanger_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o parr_n the_o which_o shall_v in_o all_o exchange_n be_v so_o particular_o know_v and_o consider_v that_o as_o money_n be_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n within_o the_o realm_n between_o man_n and_o man_n so_o shall_v exchange_n thus_o make_v for_o these_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a country_n for_o all_o commodity_n either_o buy_v or_o sell_v which_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v a_o certainty_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o parr_n aforesaid_a admit_v nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v before_o a_o advantage_n upon_o the_o farne_n upon_o good_a ground_n and_o just_a occasion_n on_o either_o side_n exchanger_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n but_o as_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v at_o this_o day_n see_v to_o be_v at_o the_o only_a and_o sole_a disposal_n of_o the_o exchanger_n and_o merchant_n and_o that_o the_o same_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o predominancy_n in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v observe_v especial_o beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o ought_v they_o careful_o and_o circumspect_o to_o consider_v the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o and_o not_o only_o look_v upon_o the_o present_a object_n which_o be_v to_o know_v how_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n go_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o deal_v therewith_o but_o also_o true_o to_o consider_v the_o reality_n of_o this_o parr_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o it_o self_n real_o find_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v both_o here_o in_o england_n and_o abroad_o elsewhere_o beyond_o sea_n that_o those_o who_o altogether_o do_v practice_v this_o exchange_v and_o deal_v for_o money_n by_o exchange_n have_v this_o observation_n therein_o for_o they_o be_v exchanger_n indeed_o know_v perfect_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n both_o of_o our_o english_a and_o of_o foreign_a coin_n and_o compare_v the_o same_o together_o make_v thereby_o to_o themselves_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o the_o parr_n aforesaid_a wherein_o they_o be_v not_o direct_v by_o the_o current_a valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v often_o see_v to_o be_v inconstant_a and_o uncertain_a nor_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n go_v sometime_o and_o in_o some_o place_n current_a above_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o this_o indeed_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o mysterious_a part_n that_o be_v include_v in_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v which_o the_o merchant_n ought_v considerate_o to_o learn_v and_o distinguish_v and_o conclude_v here_o all_o further_a observation_n and_o circumstance_n practise_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n among_o merchant_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o what_o be_v here_o purposely_o omit_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o i_o have_v insert_v what_o i_o have_v conceive_v to_o be_v further_a needful_a hereunto_o the_o office_n of_o garble_a that_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o do_v first_o give_v the_o office_n of_o garble_v all_o

for_o all_o other_o commodity_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o sear_n which_o vary_v here_o in_o several_a part_n of_o this_o country_n a_o sear_n of_o surrat_n be_v 18_o pices_fw-la weight_n of_o copper_n money_n which_o be_v 13⅓_n ounce_n averdupois_n a_o sear_n of_o agra_n call_v the_o sear_n acoberg_n be_v 30_o pices_fw-la which_o be_v 22_o ounce_n averdupois_n a_o sear_n of_o agra_n call_v the_o sear_n janquery_n be_v 36_o pices_fw-la be_v the_o common_a sear_n of_o all_o india_n and_o double_a the_o surrat_n sear_n which_o be_v 26⅔_n ounce_n a_o sear_n of_o puttana_n and_o ganges_n be_v 37_o pices_fw-la and_o those_o that_o have_v make_v a_o strict_a calculation_n have_v find_v that_o 22_o common_a pices_fw-la make_v 16_o ounce_n averdupois_n they_o have_v also_o in_o use_n in_o these_o country_n two_o maunds_z a_o maund_v small_a of_o surrat_n be_v 40_o sears_n of_o surrat_n and_o the_o say_v maund_v be_v 33_o l._n averdupois_n but_o they_o have_v for_o some_o commodity_n another_o maund_v in_o surrat_n about_o 27_o l._n averdupois_n a_o candil_n of_o surrat_n cambaia_n &c_n &c_n be_v 20_o of_o the_o say_v maunds_z sears_n 40_o make_n a_o small_a maund_v of_o 33_o l._n english_a sears_n 40_o great_a make_v a_o great_a maund_v of_o 54_o 3_o ●_o l._n english_a and_o some_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o be_v 55_o l._n english_a and_o this_o be_v the_o maund_v of_o agra_n amadever_n amadever_n in_o amadever_n this_o difference_n be_v find_v in_o the_o say_a weight_n a_o maund_v be_v 40_o sear_n which_o be_v 18_o pices_fw-la and_o 33_o l._n english_a and_o the_o 100_o maunds_z of_o amadever_n be_v 63_o maunds_z of_o agra_n for_o gold_n silver_n musk_n civet_n bezoar-stone_n they_o have_v another_o weight_n which_o they_o call_v the_o toll_n be_v 12_o mass_n and_o be_v 7_o d._n 16_o grain_n troy_n weight_n in_o england_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v both_o by_o the_o english_a and_o portugal_n merchant_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v but_o that_o this_o so_o large_a tract_n of_o country_n must_v admit_v of_o more_o diversity_n of_o weight_n which_o i_o be_o enforce_v to_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n by_o reason_n of_o my_o ignorance_n and_o refer_v what_o be_v here_o omit_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v country_n measure_n in_o cambaia_n surrat_n agra_n and_o mogul_n country_n there_o be_v use_v in_o these_o part_n two_o common_a measure_n and_o both_o call_v a_o covato_fw-mi a_o short_a and_o long_a covado_n the_o short_a covado_n of_o surrat_n cambaia_n etc._n etc._n use_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o many_o commodity_n as_o linen_n and_o silk_n be_v 27_o inch_n english_a the_o long_a covado_n of_o surrat_n use_v for_o woollen_a cloth_n be_v 35_o inch_n but_o in_o agra_n labour_n dilly_o brampore_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinary_a and_o common_a covado_n be_v find_v to_o hold_v 32_o inch_n and_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o country_n elahy_n at_o puttana_n they_o have_v a_o covado_n of_o 38_o inch_n and_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o 1_o ●_o 3_o covado_fw-mi of_o puttana_n be_v 5_o covado_n of_o agra_n which_o make_v four_o yard_n english_a and_o note_v that_o in_o all_o the_o mogul_n country_n they_o use_v no_o concave_a measure_n for_o any_o grain_n or_o liquid_a commodity_n but_o sell_v the_o same_o by_o weight_n in_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o they_o do_v all_o ponderous_a and_o massy_a commodity_n they_o measure_v their_o ground_n and_o day_n journey_n by_o a_o measure_n which_o they_o call_v a_o corso_n which_o be_v one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o geometrical_a pace_n and_o be_v account_v in_o common_a estimation_n of_o our_o late_a traveller_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a english_a lahore_n lahore_n in_o this_o tract_n and_o belong_v to_o this_o prince_n be_v many_o famous_a town_n of_o trade_n the_o chief_a be_v lahore_n famous_a for_o the_o indigo_n there_o grow_v and_o prepare_v and_o for_o that_o admirable_a high_a way_n to_o agra_n of_o twenty_o day_n journey_n beset_v on_o each_o side_n with_o mulberry-tree_n and_o whence_o there_o depart_v yearly_a above_o twelve_o thousand_o camel_n lade_v with_o spice_n to_o hispahan_n which_o be_v bring_v hither_o from_o india_n amadabar_fw-la amadabar_fw-la the_o next_o principal_a town_n be_v amadabar_n famous_a in_o these_o part_n for_o the_o great_a trade_n and_o excellent_a situation_n thereof_o as_o be_v the_o most_o eminent_a city_n of_o the_o gusurate_n tutta_n tutta_n neither_o be_v tutta_n here_o to_o be_v forget_v though_o a_o island_n town_n yet_o seat_v on_o the_o famous_a river_n of_o indus_n and_o have_v dependency_n and_o belong_v thereunto_o lowribander_n lowribander_n and_o that_o excellent_a port_n of_o lowribander_n three_o day_n journey_v distant_a from_o it_o on_o the_o shore_n common_o entitle_v the_o coast_n of_o sindie_n wherein_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o european_a navigator_n that_o ship_n may_v safe_o ride_v without_o receive_v harm_n by_o the_o worm_n which_o do_v much_o hurt_n in_o surat_n and_o all_o alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n chap._n xci_o of_o goa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o goa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o goa_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o india_n i_o mean_v of_o those_o that_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o portugal_n or_o spaniard_n where_o the_o viceroy_n archbishop_n and_o the_o king_n his_o consul_n and_o chancery_n do_v reside_v here_o be_v also_o the_o staple_n of_o all_o india_n commodity_n whereto_o merchant_n of_o arabia_n armenia_n persia_n cambaia_n bengala_n pegu_n siam_n malacca_n java_n molucco_n china_n and_o of_o sund●y_a other_o country_n do_v resort_v it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o island_n of_o three_o mile_n circuit_n but_o be_v but_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o firm_a land_n the_o port_n be_v capacious_a of_o good_a ship_n but_o if_o they_o exceed_v 200_o tun_n they_o unlade_v short_a of_o the_o town_n a_o place_n call_v bard_n well_o build_v with_o fair_a house_n both_o public_a and_o private_a after_o the_o portugal_n manner_n and_o have_v in_o it_o many_o cloister_n church_n and_o priory_n but_o be_v not_o fortify_v with_o any_o wall_n but_o the_o contrive_a and_o continue_a building_n of_o the_o house_n serve_v both_o for_o the_o defence_n and_o enclosure_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o street_n call_v the_o leilon_n where_o a_o daily_a assembly_n be_v make_v from_o 7_o to_o 9_o in_o the_o morning_n not_o only_o of_o merchant_n from_o all_o part_n but_o also_o of_o gentry_n and_o during_o the_o say_a hour_n the_o say_a street_n be_v replenish_v with_o all_o commodity_n and_o merchandise_n from_o all_o the_o afore-named_n kingdom_n set_v forth_o in_o manner_n of_o our_o fair_n in_o england_n which_o daily_o be_v thus_o practise_v and_o wherein_o the_o rich_a commodity_n of_o those_o country_n be_v vend_v and_o put_v to_o sale_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v particular_a street_n where_o the_o native_a indian_n do_v dwell_v together_o be_v find_v to_o be_v here_o great_a merchant_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n inhabit_v near_o together_o especial_o such_o as_o be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o art_n and_o profession_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o strict_a law_n of_o this_o country_n every_o man_n to_o marry_v within_o his_o own_o and_o the_o same_o trade_n and_o to_o bring_v up_o likewise_o their_o child_n in_o their_o own_o and_o the_o same_o profession_n which_o law_n be_v strict_o observe_v give_v great_a perfection_n to_o all_o art_n here_o practise_v their_o winter_n begin_v here_o the_o last_o of_o april_n continue_v till_o september_n and_o be_v call_v winter_n not_o for_o the_o cold_a but_o for_o the_o continual_a rain_n that_o be_v find_v all_o this_o time_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n be_v account_v summer_n which_o be_v without_o rain_n and_o the_o pleasant_a of_o all_o other_o season_n upon_o this_o coast_n goa_n commodity_n of_o goa_n the_o commodity_n natural_a of_o this_o place_n be_v not_o observable●_n the_o island_n small_a and_o the_o firm_a land_n plentiful_a in_o palm_n tree_n cocus_n and_o the_o like_a the_o city_n be_v the_o common_a staple_n for_o all_o india_n commodity_n bring_v hither_o by_o other_o and_o here_o barter_v and_o exchange_v for_o other_o but_o of_o itself_o not_o afford_v any_o of_o note_n or_o consequence_n goa_n coin_n current_a in_o goa_n they_o have_v here_o two_o sort_n of_o money_n a_o good_a and_o a_o bad_a and_o therefore_o in_o all_o contract_v they_o be_v as_o well_o to_o bargain_n for_o the_o money_n that_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o for_o the_o commodity_n that_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v but_o because_o this_o place_n be_v neighbour_v with_o sundry_a great_a nation_n that_o traffic_v hither_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a i_o shall_v enlarge_v myself_o a_o little_a further_o on_o this_o subject_n the_o

ample_o privilege_v and_o shall_v enjoy_v a_o part_n of_o the_o gain_n for_o themselves_o and_o yet_o bring_v the_o great_a crop_n of_o their_o labour_n into_o his_o coffer_n hereupon_o it_o be_v first_o let_v out_o for_o five_o year_n the_o farmer_n and_o contracter_n bind_v themselves_o to_o send_v such_o a_o stock_n to_o india_n in_o ready_a money_n as_o will_v extend_v for_o 30_o thousand_o quintal_n of_o pepper_n yearly_a conceive_v to_o be_v in_o those_o day_n as_o much_o as_o all_o europe_n can_v annual_o vend_v in_o that_o commodity_n but_o then_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o send_v his_o ship_n to_o india_n to_o lade_v the_o same_o in_o number_n five_o ship_n of_o sufficient_a burden_n yearly_o the_o farmer_n bear_v the_o adventure_n both_o of_o their_o money_n outward_a and_o of_o the_o say_a pepper_n homeward_o lade_v it_o in_o india_n into_o the_o say_a ship_n at_o their_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n all_o which_o bring_v into_o portugal_n they_o be_v to_o deliver_v to_o the_o king_n at_o the_o price_n of_o 12_o ducat_n per_fw-la quintal_n and_o what_o be_v either_o cast_v away_o lose_v or_o take_v be_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o farmer_n the_o king_n pay_v for_o no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v thus_o fair_o lay_v on_o land_n into_o his_o store-house_n at_o lisbon_n neither_o yet_o pay_v he_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o same_o but_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o money_n when_o the_o pepper_n be_v sell_v so_o that_o the_o king_n without_o disbursement_n or_o hazard_n have_v and_o have_v a_o certain_a great_a gain_n without_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o penny_n in_o consideration_n whereof_o the_o farmer_n have_v many_o great_a and_o strong_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n as_o first_o that_o no_o man_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o condition_n soever_o he_o be_v may_v any_o way_n deal_v or_o trade_n in_o pepper_n but_o themselves_o which_o be_v still_o strict_o observe_v second_o that_o they_o may_v not_o upon_o any_o occasion_n or_o necessity_n whatsoever_o diminish_v or_o lessen_v the_o say_v ordinary_a stock_n of_o money_n nor_o the_o king_n his_o say_a stint_n of_o ship_v neither_o hinder_v not_o let_v they_o in_o any_o sort_n concern_v the_o lade_n thereof_o which_o be_v also_o strict_o look_v into_o for_o though_o the_o pepper_n be_v for_o the_o king_n be_v own_o person_n or_o proper_a account_n yet_o must_v the_o farmer_n be_v pepper_n be_v first_o lade_v three_o that_o the_o viceroy_n and_o all_o other_o the_o officer_n and_o captain_n in_o india_n shall_v give_v they_o all_o assistance_n help_n and_o favour_n with_o safe_a keep_n guard_v and_o watch_v the_o same_o with_o all_o other_o needful_a office_n as_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o require_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o say_a pepper_n january_n the_o ship_n of_o pepper_n depart_v from_o cochin_n about_o the_o month_n of_o december_n and_o january_n four_o that_o for_o the_o lade_n and_o provide_v thereof_o the_o say_a farmer_n may_v send_v their_o factor_n into_o india_n with_o their_o servant_n and_o assistant_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o they_o be_v english_a french_a and_o spaniard_n only_o except_v and_o that_o unto_o every_o place_n to_o see_v the_o same_o lade_v and_o dispatch_v away_o and_o in_o late_a time_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v also_o farm_a of_o the_o king_n the_o ship_n and_o their_o fraightment_n with_o large_a condition_n to_o build_v they_o and_o make_v the_o provision_n of_o all_o necessary_n for_o they_o and_o all_o at_o their_o own_o adventure_n and_o if_o the_o ship_n come_v safe_a home_o they_o give_v the_o king_n in_o lieu_n of_o licence_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o every_o ship_n and_o annual_o do_v furnish_v these_o five_o ship_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n but_o for_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v appoint_v to_o go_v in_o they_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o fail_v for_o the_o king_n and_o at_o his_o charge_n and_o have_v but_o only_o their_o meat_n and_o drink_n at_o the_o farmer_n charge_n the_o officer_n and_o sailor_n be_v place_v therein_o by_o the_o king_n admiralty_n which_o the_o farmer_n may_v not_o once_o deny_v or_o refuse_v so_o that_o the_o king_n adventure_v nothing_o neither_o in_o pepper_n nor_o in_o ship_n but_o only_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o he_o lose_v the_o money_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v and_o otherwise_o gain_v by_o the_o farm_n of_o every_o ship_n if_o it_o have_v return_v safe_a and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o pepper_n that_o shall_v have_v be_v deliver_v he_o at_o a_o certain_a price_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n now_o that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o send_v out_o his_o fleet_n to_o meet_v and_o waste_v they_o from_o the_o flemish_a island_n as_o for_o long_a time_n he_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v and_o the_o king_n be_v find_v so_o near_o to_o look_v to_o this_o farm_n that_o he_o will_v not_o abate_v the_o farmer_n a_o penny_n how_o great_a soever_o their_o loss_n happen_v otherwise_o to_o be_v and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o goa_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o portugal_n in_o india_n now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o will_v come_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n chap._n xciii_o of_o musulipatan_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o with_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n chormandel_n musulipatan_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n chormandel_n the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n beginn_v from_o the_o cape_n negapatan_n to_o the_o town_n of_o musulipatan_n between_o which_o say_v place_n be_v find_v a_o place_n call_v st._n thomas_n where_o the_o apostle_n thomas_n be_v say_v to_o have_v preach_v salvation_n to_o these_o nation_n and_o who_o tomb_n be_v have_v still_o in_o great_a reverence_n to_o this_o day_n among_o the_o native_a christian_n of_o this_o country_n beside_o which_o be_v find_v the_o town_n of_o petipoli_n and_o armagon_n where_o the_o english_a of_o late_o have_v settle_v factory_n that_o have_v dependency_n on_o the_o factory_a of_o musulipatan_n under_o which_o therefore_o i_o will_v include_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o coast_n musulipatan_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodious_a situation_n be_v the_o most_o eminent_a place_n of_o trade_n of_o this_o coast_n where_o the_o english_a have_v to_o that_o purpose_n plant_v a_o factory_a both_o for_o provide_v and_o lade_n hence_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n this_o place_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o same_o coast_n or_o rather_o isthmus_n as_o goa_n be_v with_o the_o city_n beforementioned_a which_o be_v seat_v to_o the_o eastward_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n be_v to_o the_o westward_n the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o adjoin_a river_n run_v down_o from_o bisnagar_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o haven_n with_o the_o wholesomeness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o temperancy_n of_o the_o air_n add_v much_o to_o the_o excellency_n of_o it_o in_o matter_n of_o trade_n and_o concurrency_n of_o merchant_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o country_n bear_v many_o commodity_n natural_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v as_o the_o least_o or_o the_o worst_a part_n of_o trade_n in_o india_n chormandel_n commodity_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n from_o this_o place_n and_o coast_n then_o be_v find_v a_o great_a trade_n to_o be_v drive_v into_o bengala_n pegu_n siam_n malacca_n and_o to_o india_n and_o the_o principal_a commodity_n that_o this_o city_n be_v note_v to_o be_v famous_a for_o be_v those_o excellent_a fine_a cotton_n linen_n make_v here_o in_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o of_o all_o colour_n and_o interweave_v with_o divers_a sort_n of_o loom-work_n and_o flower_n very_o fine_a and_o cunning_o wrought_v and_o therefore_o much_o wear_v in_o india_n and_o better_o esteem_v there_o than_o silk_n as_o indeed_o be_v both_o find_v fine_a and_o rich_a and_o use_v by_o the_o great_a woman_n in_o those_o part_n for_o their_o clothing_n wherein_o be_v find_v interlace_v oftentimes_o thread_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n and_o divers_a other_o rare_a fabric_n of_o cotton_n etc._n etc._n chormandel_n coin_n current_a in_o musilapatan_n and_o coast_n of_o chormandel_n the_o current_a usual_a coin_n in_o musulipatan_n armagon_n petiboli_n st._n thomas_n and_o all_o alongst_o the_o coast_n be_v the_o pagode_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o mahomody_n and_o fanan_n of_o silver_n and_o be_v thus_o value_v a_o pagode_n be_v worth_a 15_o fanans_n or_o in_o english_a 8_o s._n sterling_a a_o fanan_n be_v 9_o cashee_n or_o as_o some_o call_v they_o cupan_n about_o 6¾_n d._n sterling_a a_o mamody_n be_v 32_o pices_fw-la or_o as_o in_o some_o place_n they_o be_v call_v docres_n a_o rial_n of_o ●_o spanish_a be_v here_o 5_o mamody_n or_o 9_o fanans_n or_o 5_o s._n and_o 10_o rials●_n ●_z be_v

and_o a_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n may_v be_v account_v half_o a_o staio_n of_o florence_n which_o make_v gal._n eng._n lisbon_n custom_n of_o lisbon_n the_o custom_n be_v inward_o 23_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o dechima_fw-la 10_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o the_o si●e_n 10_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o to_o the_o consolado_n 3_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o the_o custom_n outward_o be_v only_o 3_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la lisbon_n observation_n upon_o the_o dry_a measure_n of_o lisbon_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v also_o make_v upon_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n 22_o alquier_n of_o lisbon_n have_v make_v in_o sicilia_n upon_o corn_n 1_o general_a salmo_n alquiers_n 3⅛_n have_v make_v in_o marselia_n one_o mina_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o muy_fw-es of_o corn_n and_o salt_n be_v all_o alike_o but_o that_o there_o be_v give_v one_o in_o 24_o more_o upon_o salt_n because_o the_o salt_n lose_v and_o not_o the_o corn._n the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o wine_n in_o lisbon_n be_v 52_o almudin_n and_o one_o almudin_n be_v 13_o chanate_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v in_o e●gland_n gallon_n valentia_n valentia_n the_o next_o province_n be_v valentia_n give_v name_n or_o take_v it_o from_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n which_o be_v seat_v some_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o there_o a_o find_v a_o open_a road_n call_v la_fw-fr grevo_n and_o not_o capable_a of_o great_a ship_n nor_o indeed_o safe_a for_o ship_n of_o any_o note_a burden_n therefore_o be_v alicant_n become_v the_o principal_a scale_n for_o this_o city_n i●_n which_o place_n have_v reside_v for_o some_o time_n anno_fw-la 1617._o i_o shall_v touch_v the_o trade_n thereof_o as_o observe_v by_o i_o in_o those_o day_n chap._n cxviii_o of_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o valentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o valentia_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o valentia_n give_v rule_n to_o all_o the_o adjoin_a place_n as_o well_o for_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o judicature_n wherein_o be_v vent_v yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o pepper_n tin_n lead_v bays_n linen_n fish_n as_o pilchard_n herring_n and_o ne●land_n fish_n and_o such_o other_o like_o commodity_n have_v their_o money_n current_n weight_n and_o measur●…_n as_o follow_v valentia_n coin_n of_o valentia_n a_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v worth_a 20_o sold._n of_o that_o money_n and_o be_v 5_o s._n sterling_n a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v 21_o sold._n of_o the_o say_a money_n a_o castiliano_fw-mi be_v 27_o sold._n and_o 4_o denier_n of_o the_o same_o money_n a_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v worth_a 365_o marvedy_n of_o castilia_n and_o change_v they_o at_o naples_n for_o valentia_n 18_o sell_v 4_o denier_n which_o with_o the_o charge_n come_v even_o because_o a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n be_v worth_a at_o naples_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o sell_v 18_o den._n 3½_n and_o this_o because_o your_o money_n be_v at_o 15_o pe●_n centum_fw-la their_o great_a money_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o 6_o sell_v which_o be_v three_o rial_n castille_n then_o have_v they_o three_o sell_v which_o ●…_n rial_n and_o the_o half_a of_o three_o sell_v which_o be_v 18_o denier_n which_o be_v 1½_n sell_v every_o soldo_fw-it be_v 12_o denier_n and_o 24_o denier_n be_v a_o rial_n castiliano_fw-mi which_o be_v 6._o d._n sterl_n valentia_n account_n in_o valentia_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n account_v to_o a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sell_v to_o a_o liver_n which_o be_v 10_o rial_n castille_n 50_o soul_n french_a and_o 5._o s._n sterl_n valentia_n weight_n of_o valentia_n the_o weight_n be_v these_o and_o thus_o distinguish_v the_o great_a weight_n be_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v 360_o l._n of_o valentia_n and_o have_v be_v sound_a to_o increase_v 3_o or_o 4_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la after_o the_o weight_n of_o florence_n gross_a cargo_n fine_a ditto_n gross_a this_o cargo_n be_v account_v to_o be_v 12_o reves_n as_o well_o of_o sine_fw-la as_o gross_a good_n a_o rove_n subtle_a be_v 30_o l._n and_o by_o this_o weight_n be_v weigh_v corn_n sugar_n oil_n spice_n and_o other_o fine_a good_n a_o rove_n gross_n be_v 36_o l._n and_o by_o this_o be_v weigh_v wool_n and_o such_o other_o gross_a good_n a_o quintar_n as_o well_o the_o small_a as_o great_a be_v four_o rove_n which_o make_v 120_o l._n of_o fine_a good_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o gross_a good_n in_o which_o observe_v this_o true_a rule_n for_o all_o the_o weight_n of_o valentia_n weight_n note_v in_o weight_n 98_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n to_o the_o l._n be_v 144_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o be_v account_v the_o great_a kintar_n and_o 80_o l._n of_o 11_o ounce_n to_o the_o l._n be_v 120_o l._n of_o 12_o ounce_n per._n l._n the_o small_a cantar_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v 16_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n and_o 24_o l._n of_o twelve_o ounce_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a and_o these_o two_o weight_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o yield_v in_o other_o city_n of_o trade_n after_o this_o manner_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr suttle_n l._n  _fw-fr gross_n l._n  _fw-fr 100_o l._n suttle_n do_v produce_v the_o first_o row_n 100_o l._n gross_n do_v produce_v in_o the_o second_o london_n 96½_n  _fw-fr 115¼_n  _fw-fr marselia_n 107_o  _fw-fr 128_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sotile_fw-fr 140_o  _fw-fr 168_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 54_o  _fw-fr 64_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84_o  _fw-fr 102_o  _fw-fr florence_n 122_o  _fw-fr 147_o  _fw-fr antwerp_n 92_o  _fw-fr 110_o  _fw-fr lion_n 101_o  _fw-fr 122_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 94_o  _fw-fr 113_o  _fw-fr dantzick_n 110_o  _fw-fr 133_o  _fw-fr malage_n 26_o rial_n 31_o rial_n barcelona_n 104_o l._n 125_o l._n majorque_fw-la 102_o  _fw-fr 124_o  _fw-fr paris_n 102_o  _fw-fr 124_o  _fw-fr st._n maloes_n 105_o  _fw-fr 128_o  _fw-fr aleppo_n 196_o rial_n 234_o  _fw-fr tripoli_n syria_n 234_o rial_n 249_o  _fw-fr baruti_fw-la 188_o  _fw-fr 224_o  _fw-fr alexand._n zera_fw-la 445_o  _fw-fr 532_o  _fw-fr scio_fw-la 876_o  _fw-fr 105_o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 79_o  _fw-fr 95_o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 17_o  _fw-fr 21_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 133_o  _fw-fr 163_o  _fw-fr valentia_n measure_n of_o valentia_n their_a measure_n be_v these_o follow_v four_o palm_n of_o valentia_n make_v a_o vare_fw-la which_o be_v 1⅔_n brace_n of_o florence_n and_o be_v 1⅚_n part_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n 100_o vares_n after_o this_o account_n may_v be_v in_o london_n 83_o in_o 85_o yard_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o caffiso_n in_o valentia_n which_o be_v twelve_o barsella_n which_o weigh_v 10½_n rove_v of_o 36_o l._n la_o rove_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n which_o be_v in_o florence_n 7½_n staios_n and_o 37_o barsella_n be_v there_o 24_o staios_n which_o be_v a_o mayo_n barsella_n 17_o make_v a_o general_a salmo_n in_o sicilia_n and_o be_v of_o the_o measure_n of_o corn_n in_o england_n gallon_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o caffiso_n which_o weigh_v 18_o l._n of_o the_o gross_a weight_n of_o valentia_n eight_o caffise_n make_v one_o modino_n in_o juice_n and_o one_o caffise_v make_v 3_o bushel_n english_a wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v a_o pitcher_n and_o contain_v twelve_o quart_n of_o english_a measure_n note_v that_o 1480_o salm_n of_o wheat_n in_o sicilia_n have_v make_v in_o valentia_n 1480_o saffici_fw-la valentia_n commodity_n of_o valentia_n this_o country_n afford_v as_o i_o say_v before_o hard_a soap_n common_o worth_a 80_o rial_n a_o kintar_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o oil_n be_v in_o request_n aniseed_n be_v worth_a 24_o rial_n the_o rove_n and_o daily_o be_v transport_v for_o france_n and_o england_n barillia_fw-la be_v use_v in_o make_v glass_n and_o hard_a soap_n and_o worth_a 16_o to_o 18_o rial_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la denia_n denia_n raisin_n of_o denia_n a_o small_a village_n ancient_o a_o famous_a town_n of_o this_o province_n not_o so_o well_o esteem_v as_o malaga_n fruit_n be_v sell_v here_o at_o 18_o rial_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o i_o have_v pay_v here_o for_o a_o whole_a ship_n lade_v of_o 200_o tun_n anno_fw-la 1618._o 24_o rial_n per_fw-la cent_n prove_v common_o best_o when_o dear_a almond_n be_v here_o also_o plenty_n worth_n common_o 12_o ducat_n a_o cargo_n which_o be_v 220_o l._n english_a which_o 280_o l._n valentia_n custom_n in_o valentia_n custom_n here_o pay_v be_v 9_o per_fw-la cent_n 4½_n by_o the_o buyer_n and_o 4½_n by_o the_o seller_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o commodity_n be_v buy_v or_o sell_v so_o often_o be_v this_o custom_n pay_v be_v 8_o denier_n duana_n and_o 3_o denier_n sisa_n and_o if_o any_o good_n come_v in_o to_o be_v ship_v out_o again_o common_o call_v a_o transito_fw-la the_o general_a duty_n of_o four_o

denier_n per_fw-la l._n be_v only_o pay_v and_o no_o more_o their_o payment_n in_o custom_n and_o all_o other_o way_n be_v in_o valentia_n money_n and_o worth_a 3_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o spanish_a rial_n there_o be_v also_o a_o duty_n call_v a_o mottahecos_n which_o be_v a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n on_o each_o quintar_n and_o so_o upon_o other_o fine_a good_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o remember_v needful_a in_o this_o argument_n and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o province_n which_o be_v catalonia_n and_o as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v far_o in_o the_o 291_o and_o 426_o chapter_n catalonia_n catalonia_n in_o catalonia_n be_v only_o famous_a the_o city_n of_o barcelona_n the_o principal_a of_o this_o province_n where_o have_v good_a cause_n of_o the_o remembrance_n of_o my_o be_v here_o by_o reason_n of_o my_o imprisonment_n in_o the_o inquisition_n anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o must_v according_a to_o my_o method_n afford_v the_o city_n traffic_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o observation_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o their_o love_n and_o pain_n in_o my_o release_n move_v thereto_o partly_o by_o the_o affection_n i_o have_v gain_v with_o many_o the_o chief_a merchant_n but_o especial_o leave_v the_o same_o may_v deter_v other_o english_a from_o come_v to_o traffic_v and_o inhabit_v among_o they_o and_o furnish_v their_o necessity_n with_o english_a commodity_n which_o they_o seem_v much_o to_o desire_v and_o oftentime_n much_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o chap._n cxix_o of_o barcelona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o barcelona_n barcelona_n barcelona_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o mediterranean_a shore_n and_o enter_v into_o that_o gulf_n which_o be_v so_o terrible_a to_o navigator_n in_o these_o part_n call_v the_o gulf_n of_o lion_n it_o have_v a_o reasonable_a commodious_a and_o safe_a harbour_n and_o the_o citizen_n do_v winterly_a enlarge_v and_o lengthen_v the_o same_o by_o add_v to_o their_o mould_n that_o ship_n of_o burden_n may_v come_v within_o the_o same_o what_o i_o obser_v here_o anno_fw-la 1618._o i_o will_v brief_o declare_v barcelona_n coin_n in_o barcelona_n their_o money_n current_n in_o merchandise_n beside_o the_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v a_o liver_n which_o passe●_n here_o at_o 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 24_o sell_v of_o the_o say_a money_n and_o the_o soldo_fw-it be_v twelve_o denier_n of_o that_o money_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n barcelona_n weight_n in_o barcelona_n their_o cantar_n be_v a_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 92_o l._n or_o thereabouts_o and_o have_v make_v by_o observation_n in_o florence_n 123_o l._n genoa_n 130_o l._n valentia_n 106_o l._n marselia_n 104_o l._n venetia_n soot_n 140_o l._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o can_v consist_v of_o eight_o palm_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v th●…_n brace_n in_o florence_n and_o in_o england_n find_v to_o produce_v 1⅜_n yard_n english_a and_o in_o naples_n 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v to_o make_v 6⅜_n palm_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o quarter_n one_o salmo_n be_v four_o quarter_n sell_v always_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o custom_n 2⅓_n quarter_n make_v a_o cargo_n or_o load_n which_o be_v account_v 360_o l._n as_o be_v that_o 〈◊〉_d mention_v aforego_v in_o valentia_n wool_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o rove_n which_o be_v 30_o l._n make_v 26_o l._n of_o venetia_n gross_a whither_o the_o same_o be_v common_o transport_v and_o in_o florence_n 36_o l._n all_o gross_a good_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n account_v 3_o kintars_n which_o be_v 440_o l._n sutle_n of_o ven●…_n and_o 278_o l._n gross_a there_o which_o be_v 372_o l._n in_o florence_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v english_a 3000●_n averdupois_n tortosa_n tortosa_n in_o this_o province_n lie_v also_o tortosa_n a_o fine_a small_a city_n but_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n ●…ing_v account_v as_o moor_n be_v some_o year_n before_o my_o be_v here_o banish_v this_o country_n 〈◊〉_d therefore_o most_o place_n lie_v waste_n and_o many_o village_n be_v here_o along_o find_v without_o inhabit●…_n and_o the_o ground_n to_o want_v labourer_n arragon_n arragon_n the_o next_o province_n be_v arragon_n wherein_o be_v tarragon_n a_o fine_a and_o handsome_a city_n but_o 〈◊〉_d the_o banishment_n of_o many_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o above_o be_v say_v now_o make_v poor_a in_o my_o 〈◊〉_d there_o in_o 1618._o i_o find_v it_o most_o to_o consist_v in_o make_v of_o silk_n here_o buy_v and_o carry_v to_o irlentia_n to_o be_v wrought_v saragosa_n saragosa_n the_o principal_a city_n hereof_o be_v saragosa_n which_o shall_v challenge_v a_o 〈◊〉_d particular_a relation_n as_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n 〈◊〉_d ebro_n but_o be_v a_o university_n it_o be_v too_o great_a a_o honour_n for_o a_o inland_n town_n to_o prod●_n famous_a scholar_n and_o eminent_a merchant_n yet_o in_o the_o current_a coin_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v as_o 〈◊〉_d v●dentia_n and_o because_o there_o be_v find_v practise_v here_o a_o great_a exchange_n i_o have_v insert_v 〈◊〉_d same_o by_o itself_o chapter_n 292_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n with_o all_o circumstance_n thereunto_o appertain_v and_o these_o be_v all_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v at_o this_o day_n comprise_v 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n chap._n cxx_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o english_a hundred_o england_n weight_n of_o spain_n reduce_v to_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o england_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n thus_o survey_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unworthy_a our_o observation_n first_o to_o see_v how_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o lesser_a city_n here_o omit_v concur_v with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o england_n and_o then_o take_v a_o general_a view_n of_o the_o trade_n which_o be_v in_o general_n find_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o those_o kingdom_n now_o unite_v and_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o castilia_n first_o then_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n i_o will_v reduce_v they_o to_o the_o subtle_a 100_o l._n of_o london_n which_o by_o observation_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o sevil_n 108_o l._n by_o great_a quintar_n of_o 144_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 28_o l._n by_o lesser_a quintar_n of_o 120_o l._n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n granado_n and_o almeria_n bona_fw-la 104_o l._n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 89_o l._n be_v of_o silk_n and_o copper_n of_o 18_o ounce_n 52_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o flesh_n 32_o ounce_n castilia_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n 98_o l._n burgos_n 89_o rot._n arragon_n and_o barcelona_n 102_o l._n 92_o l._n great_a weight_n for_o woollen_a 126_o l._n small_a weight_n for_o saffron_n valentia_n 102_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n for_o spice_n 129_o l._n by_o quintar_n of_o 4_o rove_n of_o 36_o l._n the_o cargo_n be_v those_o quintar_n of_o 360_o l._n and_o the_o great_a of_o 432_o l._n london_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n leon_n 105_o l._n saragos●…_n 108_o l._n and_o by_o the_o small_a quintar_n 126_o l._n savalon●…_n and_o salanico_fw-la 126_o l._n viliaco_n 77_o l._n note_v here_o that_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n and_o all_o the_o island_n of_o spain_n use_v the_o weight_n of_o sevil_n as_o aforesaid_a now_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n 100_o l._n london_n make_v in_o portugal_n rot._n 104_o l._n the_o great_a quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n the_o small_a quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n contain_v each_o 4_o rove_n of_o 32_o l._n and_o 28_o l._n note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v allowance_n make_v four_o upon_o the_o hundred_o upon_o sugar_n and_o two_o and_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n upon_o cotton_n wool_n and_o such_o like_a the_o small_a quintar_n be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o contractation-house_n of_o the_o indies_n all_o spice_n be_v weigh_v thereby_o but_o all_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o great_a quintal_n and_o reduce_v upon_o the_o lesser_a quintar_n one_o quintar_n of_o wax_n be_v one_o quintar_n and_o half_a of_o 112_o l._n be_v 168_o l._n madera_n 104_o rotolos_n cape_n verd._n 104_o rot._n saint_n thomas_n 104_o rot._n guinea_n 104_o rot._n maroc●…_n in_o barbary_n 104_o rot._n or_o pound_n by_o the_o quintar_n of_o 128_o l._n fea_z and_o suus_fw-la in_o barbary_n 92_o l._n calicut_n 77_o aracoles_n note_v here_o they_o sell_v by_o the_o baccar_fw-la or_o bahar_n be_v at_o lisbon_n four_o quintar_n of_o 112_o l._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o bahar_n be_v 4_o quintar_n for_o 120_o aracoles_n the_o bahar_n or_o bahor_n be_v 20_o faracoles_n of_o

etc._n etc._n which_o the_o english_a fetch_n from_o they_o in_o great_a abundance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o late_a year_n observe_v that_o the_o planter_n of_o these_o fruit_n and_o their_o wine_n merchant_n have_v by_o our_o overgreedy_a purchase_n of_o these_o commodity_n raise_v to_o themselves_o fair_a estate_n two_o thing_n i_o observe_v during_o my_o abode_n here_o that_o be_v great_a let_n and_o impediment_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o one_o be_v the_o banishment_n of_o the_o moor_n that_o here_o in_o great_a number_n inhabit_a who_o painful_o and_o industrious_o manure_v their_o land_n and_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o thrifty_a live_n raise_v to_o their_o landlord_n and_o to_o themselves_o good_a and_o great_a estate_n the_o which_o now_o for_o many_o thousand_o thousand_o acre_n lie_v waste_v and_o desolate_a whole_a town_n and_o village_n be_v depopulate_v and_o the_o lord_n castle_n and_o manor_n appear_v ruin_v and_o decay_a want_v the_o pain_n of_o these_o poor_a people_n that_o give_v their_o lord_n and_o lordship_n mean_n of_o subsistency_n the_o second_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o many_o genoa_n merchant_n among_o they_o who_o be_v find_v in_o good_a number_n to_o abide_v in_o every_o good_a city_n especial_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n who_o skill_n and_o acuteness_n in_o trade_n far_o surpass_v the_o natural_a spaniard_n or_o portugal_n and_o who_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o continual_a practice_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o devour_v that_o bread_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v otherwise_o be_v sufficient_o say_v with_o and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v ever_o engage_v to_o their_o commonwealth_n for_o great_a and_o vast_a sum_n at_o interest_n he_o be_v their_o debtor_n not_o only_o for_o their_o money_n but_o a_o so_o for_o their_o favour_n which_o by_o many_o immunity_n throughout_o his_o kingdom_n he_o be_v find_v continual_o to_o requite_v they_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o genoa_n merchant_n resident_a in_o spain_n in_o any_o part_n but_o have_v a_o particular_a licence_n to_o export_v the_o rial_n and_o plate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o a_o certain_a round_a sum_n yearly_o which_o they_o seldom_o use_v real_o to_o do_v but_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v their_o return_n in_o plate_n for_o want_v of_o other_o more_o beneficial_a commodity_n which_o for_o the_o certain_a profit_n it_o be_v find_v ever_o to_o yield_v in_o other_o country_n be_v often_o prefer_v before_o all_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o hindrance_n i_o may_v add_v hereto_o which_o be_v though_o current_a coin_n wherein_o all_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o buy_v for_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n base_a and_o of_o copper_n and_o brass_n which_o to_o convert_v into_o rial_n and_o good_a money_n be_v find_v to_o cost_v the_o change_n in_o some_o place_n 5_o in_o some_o 10_o in_o some_o 15_o in_o some_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o be_v the_o first_o penny_n the_o great_a custom_n also_o pay_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o a_o great_a let_v and_o hinderer_n of_o trade_n in_o general_a which_o wherefoever_o the_o same_o be_v by_o the_o sovereign_n levy_v will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o insensible_o devour_v and_o consume_v a_o flourish_a traffic_n and_o enforce_v the_o suffer_a merchant_n either_o total_o to_o give_v over_o or_o bend_v his_o trade_n where_o he_o shall_v find_v the_o burden_n thereof_o light_a and_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v bear_v and_o endure_v now_o as_o for_o commodity_n which_o other_o nation_n be_v find_v to_o bring_v unto_o they_o and_o of_o which_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n partly_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n and_o partly_o to_o maintain_v their_o west-india_n traffic_n as_o this_o england_n bring_v they_o great_a store_n of_o newlandish_a fish_n irish_a salmon_n pilchard_n herring_n lead_v tin_n calves-skin_n bays_n say_v serge_n and_o other_o english_a manufacture_n and_o in_o return_n have_v only_o thence_o wine_n fruit_n oil_n some_o indigo_n and_o sugar_n ginger_n and_o the_o like_a india_n commodity_n east_n country_n furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n cordage_n mast_n pitch_n tar_n rosin_n fir-board_n and_o other_o timber_n and_o only_o return_v thence_o the_o commodity_n abovenamed_a only_o it_o be_v ever_o lawful_a to_o he_o that_o bring_v corn_n to_o carry_v out_o rial_n of_o plate_n in_o return_n thereof_o france_n send_v they_o corn_n linen_n paper_n and_o some_o petty_a manufacture_n and_o return_v thence_o plate_n wine_n fruit_n and_o some_o india_n spice_n italy_n afford_v they_o some_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v in_o return_v some_o raw_a silk_n segovia_n wool_n barillia_fw-la and_o such_o like_a and_o herein_o be_v comprehend_v the_o general_a traffic_n of_o spain_n at_o this_o time_n so_o pass_v the_o pyrenaean_n i_o will_v enter_v into_o france_n chap._n cxxii_o of_o france_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o france_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o france_n be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o it_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o help_n of_o other_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o british_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o aquitain_n sea_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n east_n with_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o a_o imaginary_a line_n draw_v from_o strasburg_n to_o callais_n france_n commodity_n of_o france_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n to_o her_o neighbour_n three_o natural_a notable_a commodity_n corn_n wine_n and_o salt_n the_o farm_n of_o salt_n only_o yearly_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n coffin_n 100000_o crown_n beside_o which_o it_o yield_v oil_n almond_n soap_n canvas_n coral_n paper_n wool_n linen_n fine_a and_o course_n nut_n beef_n and_o of_o late_a some_o stuff_n and_o cloth_n make_v of_o woollen_a etc._n etc._n there_o be_v reckon_v in_o this_o kingdom_n 25_o province_n the_o notable_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v therein_o i_o shall_v orderly_o handle_v aquitania_n aquitania_n the_o first_o province_n be_v aquitain_n wherein_o be_v sound_v the_o note_a city_n of_o tholousa_n bourdea●…_n and_o rochel_n of_o which_o a_o word_n in_o brief_a chap._n cxxiii_o of_o tholousa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o tholausa_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o tholousa_n be_v the_o parliament_n seat_n of_o aquitain_n and_o stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n gur●…_n which_o hence_o run_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o bordeaux_n and_o blay_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o pastil_n or_o woad_n which_o hence_o be_v disperse_v into_o several_a country_n the_o country_n 〈◊〉_d afford_v any_o other_o notable_a commodity_n worth_n mention_v account_n coin_n and_o account_n their_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o throughout_o all_o france_n which_o in_o part_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v handle_v their_o account_n also_o here_o keep_v be_v as_o through_o all_o france_n in_o general_n in_o liver_n or_o frank_n soul_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o soul_n 20_o soul_n to_o a_o live_v or_o frank._n tholousa_n weight_n of_o tholousa_n the_o 100_o l._n or_o kintar_n of_o tholousa_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o woad_n for_o dyer_n to_z make_v in_o england_n 124_o l._n and_o the_o cargo_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v common_o sell_v to_o be_v 372_o l._n tholousa_n measure_n of_o tholousa_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n be_v call_v the_o aulin_n and_o make_v in_o england_n 42_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n tholousa_n woad_n of_o tholousa_n note_v that_o in_o tholousa_n there_o be_v a_o cantar_n also_o of_o 112_o l._n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o all_o other_o commodity_n woad_n except_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n as_o above_o be_v mention_v and_o be_v hence_o send_v to_o narbon_n and_o thence_o disperse_v into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n chap._n cxxiv_o of_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o burdeaux_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n geronde_v before_o mention_v plentiful_o abound_v in_o those_o wine_n which_o be_v white_a and_o claret_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n here_o be_v also_o near_o this_o city_n the_o little_a village_n of_o le_fw-fr greve_n which_o give_v name_n to_o those_o grave_a wine_n which_o we_o esteem_v so_o excellent_a and_o between_o this_o town_n and_o tholousa_n lie_v those_o rich_a ground_n which_o yield_v those_o sweet_a wine_n by_o we_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o high_a country_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bordeaux_n know_v

linen_n be_v measure_v and_o be_v account_v 1¼_n yard_n english_a but_o those_o that_o have_v make_v trial_n thereof_o find_v it_o be_v be_v 46_o inch_n but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o the_o note_a that_o in_o buy_v of_o linen_n cloth_n of_o this_o country_n there_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o account_n of_o measure_n 24_o auln_n for_o 20_o and_o be_v call_v the_o merchant_n auln_v or_o measure_n and_o by_o the_o same_o be_v oftentimes_o here_o again_o sell_v in_o england_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o diep_n caen_n and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o normandy_n afford_v also_o this_o over-measure_n in_o the_o sale_n of_o normandy_n canvas_n here_o make_v so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v this_o place_n have_v a_o great_a and_o a_o small_a auln_v the_o one_o exceed_v the_o other_o 20_o per_fw-la cent._n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o and_o the_o small_a agree_v with_o 〈◊〉_d english_a ells._n roven_n fair_n in_o roven_n roven_n be_v find_v to_o have_v 3_o fair_n in_o a_o year_n at_o two_o whereof_o there_o be_v liberty_n give_v for_o fifteen_o day_n to_o buy_v and_o transport_v any_o commodity_n in_o this_o city_n free_a of_o all_o custom_n and_o ta●…_n provide_v the_o say_v good_n be_v lade_v and_o depart_v down_o the_o say_a river_n to_o a_o certain_a limit_a 〈◊〉_d stance_n below_o the_o city_n by_o fifteen_o day_n after_o otherwise_o to_o pay_v the_o custom_n as_o be_v accustom_v the_o fair_a begin_v the_o 3d_o of_o february_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o second_o begin_v the_o morrow_n after_o whitsunday_n and_o last_v fifteen_o day_n the_o three_o be_v not_o account_v a_o free_a fair_a for_o custom_n as_o the_o former_a and_o begin_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o october_n and_o continue_v only_o eight_o day_n where_o note_n that_o these_o day_n be_v account_v so_o many_o work_a day_n sunday_n and_o holiday_n according_a to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n except_v cloth_n the_o english_a hall_n of_o roven_n for_o sale_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n here_o be_v in_o this_o city_n a_o public_a hall_n grant_v to_o the_o english_a for_o the_o sale_n of_o all_o english_a wool_n cloth_n whereto_o they_o be_v enjoin_v to_o carry_v the_o same_o and_o have_v certain_a set_a day_n to_o lay_v open_a and_o sell_v the_o same_o and_o for_o the_o hire_n and_o custody_n they_o pay_v a_o duty_n of_o halledge_n or_o warehousdo●_n they_o have_v have_v former_o here_o many_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v account_v as_o h●_n citizen_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n the_o insolency_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o great_a authority_n of_o their_o court_n of_o parliament_n daily_o give_v new_a fashion_n and_o new_a law_n to_o the_o english_a merchant_n here_o resident_a this_o city_n be_v the_o prime_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o part_n of_o france_n and_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a northern_a scale_n of_o traffic_n in_o the_o french_a dominion_n for_o from_o hence_o be_v export_v great_a quantity_n as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o buckram_n canvas_n fine_a and_o course_n play_v card_n box_n combs_n paper_n threal_n teasles_a for_o clothworker_n and_o some_o plush_n and_o other_o stuff_v late_o here_o make_v and_o in_o fine_a all_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o normandy_n paris_n and_o those_o part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o river_n sein_fw-fr roven_n exchange_n of_o roven_n as_o for_o the_o exchange_n here_o use_v see_v lion_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n follow_v which_o give_v rule_n thereto_o in_o chapter_n 277_o and_o chapter_n 302._o france_n the_o isle_n of_o france_n the_o next_o division_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o france_n which_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o friend_n dominion_n the_o principal_a city_n paris_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n here_o situate_v wh●…_n though_o it_o consist_v not_o much_o in_o trade_n save_v what_o may_v serve_v happy_o to_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o court_n and_o inhabitant_n yet_o all_o the_o other_o city_n take_v hence_o the_o rule_n of_o government_n for_o traffic_n may_v challenge_v just_o a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n cxxvii_o of_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o paris_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parish_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o france_n and_o the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v ten_o mile_n in_o compass_n through_o which_o the_o river_n of_o sein_fw-fr do_v gentle_o run_v and_o so_o to_o roven_n thence_o to_o the_o new-haven_n or_o haure_n de_fw-fr grace_n and_o thence_o to_o our_o british_a oceam_n it_o be_v not_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n as_o neither_o afford_v commodity_n to_o be_v export_v nor_o yet_o vent_v store_n of_o commodity_n import_v though_o a_o ignorant_a frenchman_n which_o have_v not_o see_v further_o than_o this_o city_n call_v it_o the_o great_a in_o the_o world_n for_o the_o trade_n find_v therein_o and_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o merchant_n which_o i_o imagine_v he_o understand_v shopkeeper_n some_o cloth_n lend_v tin_n bays_n and_o stocking_n it_o vent_v from_o england_n satin_n and_o other_o silk_n and_o plush_n from_o italy_n some_o small_a ware_n from_o germany_n and_o that_o be_v all_o the_o most_o important_a it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o city_n in_o france_n where_o exchange_n have_v be_v place_v roven_n and_o lion_n be_v the_o other_o two_o and_o though_o i_o have_v divers_a time_n be_v here_o yet_o i_o can_v never_o find_v any_o remarkable_a observation_n in_o trade_n which_o inclee_v be_v no_o where_n in_o france_n much_o practise_v because_o of_o the_o base_a esteem_n the_o french_a nation_n do_v hold_v of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v every_o cobbler_n honour_v his_o old_a shoe_n with_o the_o title_n of_o sa_fw-fr merchandise_n with_o as_o great_a confidence_n as_o he_o that_o never_o handle_v any_o commodity_n but_o silk_n or_o jewel_n in_o which_o foolish_a humour_n i_o will_v leave_v they_o and_o come_v to_o my_o purpose_n paris_n give_v rule_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o coin_n to_o all_o other_o city_n of_o france_n i_o have_v purposely_o refer_v it_o here_o to_o avoid_v the_o reiteration_n in_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n france_n coin_n of_o france_n the_o least_o piece_n then_o of_o coin_n current_n in_o france_n be_v a_o denier_n two_o whereof_o make_v a_o double_a and_o twelve_o thereof_o be_v a_o soul_n and_o soul_n twenty_o make_v a_o liver_n which_o some_o call_v a_o frank_n and_o thus_o in_o liver_n soul_n and_o denier_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v france_n account_n in_o france_n their_o common_a coin_n be_v piece_n of_o 8_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o ⅜_n of_o a_o french_a crown_n in_o silver_n a_o piece_n of_o 16_o sold._n which_o be_v the_o quarter_n crown_n 4_o of_o which_o make_v 64_o sold._n account_v for_o a_o french_a crown_n and_o 4_o sold_n which_o be_v of_o 3_o liver_n turnois_n they_o have_v also_o piece_n of_o 21_o sold._n 4_o denier_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o say_a crown_n call_v by_o some_o teston_n and_o the_o ½_n and_o ¼_n thereof_o and_o as_o the_o quarter_n crown_n be_v at_o first_o raise_v from_o 15_o sold_n to_o 16_o sold_n and_o thereby_o the_o 60_o sold_n to_o 64_o sold_n so_o be_v the_o say_v teston_n also_o in_o proportion_n raise_v according_o the_o gold_n coin_n be_v only_o two_o which_o be_v the_o common_a crown_n of_o 3_o liver_n or_o 60_o sold._n and_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 3_o liver_n 16_o sold_n or_o 76_o sol._n all_o which_o coin_n in_o their_o first_o coinage_n bear_v this_o true_a worth_n and_o value_n and_o then_o be_v conceive_v to_o hold_v equality_n with_o england_n thus_o 10_o sold_n to_o make_v 12_o penny_n sterling_a 23_o sold_n to_o make_v 2_o shilling_n sterling_a which_o be_v their_o liver_n 60_o sold._n to_o make_v 6_o shilling_n or_o 72_o penny_n which_o be_v the_o french_a crown_n france_n note_v of_o money_n inhanse_v late_o in_o france_n but_o these_o inhanse_v to_o such_o rate_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o commerce_n enforce_v they_o find_v net_n now_o any_o settle_a rate_n but_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o payer_n and_o receiver_n for_o he_o that_o sell_v his_o commodity_n in_o france_n now_o for_o ready_a money_n must_v contract_v it_o if_o he_o be_v wise_a at_o what_o rate_n he_o must_v have_v these_o coin_n in_o payment_n lest_o he_o imagine_v he_o sell_v to_o good_a profit_n and_o yet_o by_o experience_n find_v he_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o a_o great_a loss_n and_o disadvantage_n and_o note_v that_o since_o the_o write_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a the_o piece_n of_o 16_o sol._n be_v raise_v to_o 20_o sol._n 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o whole_a which_o i_o place_v here_o as_o a_o caveat_n for_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o traffic_v in_o these_o kingdom_n that_o he_o

crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n jul._n per_fw-la crown_n divide_v by_o 15_o and_o subtract_v the_o quotient_a from_o the_o sum_n divide_v and_o the_o remainder_n be_v your_o demand_n again_o to_o bring_v crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n jul._n into_o ducat_n of_o 7_o livre_n divide_v by_o 4_o and_o the_o quotient_a add_v to_o the_o sum_n divide_v will_v answer_v your_o desire_n there_o be_v ever_o find_v between_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o money_n of_o legorn_n a_o lagio_n which_o be_v both_o subject_n to_o one_o prince_n be_v conceive_v by_o some_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o merchant_n if_o they_o will_v endeavour_v it_o but_o they_o that_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v the_o reason_n give_v on_o both_o side_n and_o advise_v he_o that_o have_v monies_n in_o florence_n and_o be_v resident_a in_o legorn_n to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n thereof_o and_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o lagio_n as_o the_o current_a rate_n will_v permit_v he_o till_o the_o business_n may_v be_v better_o rectify_v and_o the_o controversy_n by_o a_o equality_n may_v be_v decide_v and_o determine_v florence_n weight_n in_o florence_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o florence_n the_o pound_n 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 75_o l._n but_o some_o commodity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o quintal_n of_o 150_o l._n which_o be_v 113_o l._n english_a and_o some_o by_o a_o quintal_n of_o 160_o l._n as_o fish_n wool_n and_o which_o be_v 121_o l._n english_a the_o english_a 112_o l._n make_v about_o 147½_n l._n of_o this_o place_n legorn_n 112_o l._n of_o london_n be_v 146_o l._n legorn_n note_v that_o 150_o l._n be_v here_o a_o kintar_n of_o allom_n and_o be_v 113⅞_n l._n 151_o l._n make_v a_o kintar_n of_o sugar_n be_v 114⅓_n l._n english_a 1●0_o l._n make_v a_o kintar_n of_o fish_n be_v 121½_n l._n english_a 100_o l._n be_v a_o kintar_n of_o all_o other_o commodity_n and_o be_v 75_o 11_o 12_o l._n english_a and_o be_v 108_o l._n in_o genova_n florence_n measure_n in_o florence_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o brace_n 4_o brace_n make_v a_o cane_n 50_o cane_n be_v 200_o brace_n and_o find_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a 1_o brace_n of_o florence_n be_v 23_o inch_n english_a of_o 12_o to_o a_o foot_n so_o that_o 100_o brace_n make_v ●0_n yard_n 48_o ells._n their_o corn_n and_o salt_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 3_o stare_v be_v a_o sack_n and_o 3⅔_n sack_n be_v a_o salmo_n or_o 41_o stare_v be_v a_o salmo_n and_o this_o salmo_n i●_n account_v a_o london_n quarter_n also_o they_o have_v another_o measure_v call_v a_o maggio_n which_o be_v 8_o sack_n or_o 24_o stare_v be_v a_o maggio_n and_o a_o stare_v of_o good_a corn_n have_v be_v note_v to_o weigh_v 50_o l._n in_o legorn_n ligorn_n english_a commodity_n vend_v in_o ligorn_n from_o england_n be_v vend_v here_o bay_n sesse_n serges_n clothes_n perpetuanoe_n lead_v tin_n calves-skin_n hide_n oistracan-hides_a salt_n salmon_n pilchard_n caviar_n herring_n tallow_n also_o pepper_n ginger_n mace_n cloves_n nutmeg_n indigo_n and_o such_o indian_a commodity_n tuscany_n commodity_n of_o tuscany_n this_o place_n be_v the_o great_a scale_n of_o trade_n in_o tuscany_n be_v find_v hence_o to_o be_v send_v into_o other_o part_n oil_n wine_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v rice_n anniseed_n argal_o and_o all_o other_o italian_a and_o turkish_a commodity_n legorn_n custom_n in_o the_o port_n of_o legorn_n all_o good_n enter_v here_o to_o be_v sell_v be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o custom_n for_o a_o year_n but_o if_o keep_v a_o full_a year_n do_v then_o pay_v a_o custom_n and_o if_o sale_n present_v not_o in_o that_o time_n the_o merchant_n may_v ship_v the_o same_o out_o again_o without_o charge_n but_o if_o for_o the_o advance_v of_o his_o commodity_n he_o send_v the_o same_o into_o other_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o tuscany_n than_o the_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o pisa_n as_o be_v there_o mention_v to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o inquirer_n and_o leave_v tuscany_n i_o will_v pass_v over_o to_o genova_n chap._n clxxiv_o of_o genova_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o genova_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o state_n of_o genova_n comprehend_v finali_fw-la sarasena_n and_o noli_fw-la city_n of_o small_a import_n the_o metropolis_n genova_n be_v the_o mistress_n of_o this_o republic_n be_v account_v eight_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o inhabit_v by_o the_o great_a money-monger_n or_o usurer_n in_o the_o world_n who_o if_o they_o will_v not_o distrust_v god_n with_o their_o wealth_n by_o sea_n will_v easy_o become_v and_o be_v account_v famous_a merchant_n their_o usury_n be_v excessive_a and_o have_v more_o than_o once_o bring_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n into_o their_o book_n for_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n but_o he_o have_v the_o trick_n of_o fail_v in_o his_o payment_n and_o performance_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v satisfy_v they_o in_o blanco_n in_o lieu_n of_o be_v pay_v in_o banco_n but_o i_o refer_v this_o to_o they_o that_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v and_o to_o draw_v to_o my_o observation_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v gather_v upon_o this_o city_n this_o city_n will_v prove_v the_o most_o famous_a in_o all_o these_o sea_n for_o trading_n be_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n such_o note_a politician_n and_o great_a biter_n by_o exchange_n that_o no_o stranger_n can_v live_v among_o they_o for_o they_o envy_v the_o great_a commerce_n practise_v in_o legorn_n their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o may_v exceed_v legorn_v will_v their_o greedy_a covetousness_n permit_v they_o and_o suffer_v merchant_n to_o bring_v their_o good_n thither_o upon_o small_a charge_n but_o that_o sovereign_a must_v not_o expect_v a_o plentiful_a trade_n that_o will_v have_v also_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v upon_o all_o good_n and_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o lose_v the_o traffic_n of_o his_o country_n needs_o no_o other_o way_n to_o do_v it_o but_o by_o impose_v heavy_a custom_n upon_o merchant_n and_o their_o commodity_n but_o to_o their_o better_a consideration_n i_o refer_v this_o point_n and_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n their_o own_o common_a proverb_n which_o admit_v hardly_o any_o merchant_n to_o live_v or_o their_z among_o they_o genova_n fatta_fw-mi per_fw-la noi_fw-it their_o city_n be_v only_o make_v for_o themselves_o genova_n account_n in_o genova_n in_o genova_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n the_o denier_n be_v 12_o to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 120_o ray_n of_o portugal_n and_o 16_o d._n sterling_n genova_n money_n in_o genova_n their_o current_a money_n be_v divers_a as_o border_v upon_o so_o many_o neighbour_n the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o denier_n 12_o to_o a_o soldo_n soldo_n 4_o make_v a_o cavalet_fw-la cavalet_n 5_o or_o sol_n 20_o make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 16_o d._n sterling_n liures_fw-fr 4_o sell_v 8_o be_v a_o crown_n sold_n 7_o den._n 6_o be_v a_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 6._o d._n sterling_n sold_n 90_o be_v a_o crown_n of_o gold_n ducat_n in_o silver_n be_v 4_o livre_n 16_o s._n l._n be_v 6_o s._n 5_o d._n sterling_n ducat_n current_n be_v 4_o livre_n sterling_a 5_o s._n 4_o d._n circa_fw-la ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v 68_o sold_n of_o gold_n lyre_n 3_o sol_n 1_o make_v a_o rial_n of_o eight_o lyre_n 4_o 13_o 4_o of_o genova_n have_v make_v 1_o ducat_n in_o legorn_n genova_n weight_n in_o genova_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n ditto_n which_o be_v call_v the_o suttle_n quintar_n and_o the_o gross_a quintar_n be_v 150_o l._n thereof_o be_v 157½_n l._n subtle_a venice_n and_o this_o gross_a quintar_n agree_v with_o the_o gross_a weight_n of_o venice_n between_o which_o two_o place_n these_o note_n have_v be_v observe_v that_o 100_o l._n suttle_n genova_n make_v suttle_n in_o venetia_n 105_o l._n 100_o l._n gross_a genova_n be_v gross_a venetia_n 100_o l._n suttle_n 157½_n l._n the_o say_v 100_o l._n have_v make_v in_o london_n 71_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o 92½_n legorn_v and_o the_o 150_o l._n their_o gross_a quintar_n be_v london_n 105_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o the_o 112_o l._n london_n have_v make_v here_o 143_o l._n and_o by_o proof_n 100_o l._n in_o florence_n have_v make_v here_o 109_o l._n the_o gross_a quintar_n be_v 150_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n by_o which_o be_v sell_v cotton_n and_o cotton-yar●_a cummin_n and_o anniseed_n honey_n rice_n brass_n lead_v tin_n soap_n and_o wool_n and_o some_o other_o commodity_n genova_n measure_n in_o

and_o island_n sicilia_n account_n in_o palermo_n and_o all_o sicilia_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n one_o ounce_n be_v 30_o tarry_v one_o tarry_v be_v 20_o grain_n sicilia_n money_n current_n in_o sicilia_n their_o money_n be_v also_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n account_v one_o ounce_n to_o be_v 30_o tarry_v which_o be_v 5_o florin_n of_o carlins_n 12_o the_o florin_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v 20_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o sol._n 6_o den._n small_a money_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v two_o carlin_n one_o carlin_n to_o be_v 10_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o livre_n one_o grain_n be_v 6_o picholies_n and_o be_v 7½_n den._n money_n siciliano_n one_o poncto_fw-la be_v 8_o picholis_fw-la a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 13_o tarry_v note_v that_o for_o the_o money_n which_o they_o pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n they_o give_v allowance_n 1½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o bad_a money_n palermo_n weight_n in_o palermo_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o throughout_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicilia_n there_o be_v but_o one_o weight_n in_o use_n only_o in_o messina_n except_v which_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o due_a place_n now_o this_o weight_n of_o sicilia_n in_o general_n be_v the_o rotolo_n 30_o ounce_n which_o be_v 2½_n l._n sicilian_n 300_o rot._n make_v the_o cantar_n which_o 100_o l._n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 173_o l._n circa_fw-la english_a some_o have_v find_v it_o to_o yield_v 148_o l._n english_a or_o proper_o in_o gross_a to_o say_v 1_o c._n 2_o quarter_n 4_o l._n incirca_fw-la and_o in_o venetia_n subtle_a to_o have_v produce_v 260_o l._n or_o venice_n gross_a 163_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v in_o florence_n 225_o in_o 230_o l._n but_o yet_o by_o the_o calculation_n i_o make_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o 221_o l._n just_a it_o be_v in_o rhagusa_n 218_o l._n in_o cattarro_n 78_o l._n alexandris_n zera_n 83_o rot._n ditto_n forfori_n 185_o rot._n in_o damascus_n 43½_n rot._n etc._n etc._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n which_o be_v in_o london_n about_o 80_o or_o 81_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v 2¼_n yard_n english_a this_o cane_n be_v divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n which_o be_v about_o 10_o inch_n the_o cane_n make_v 3_o cloth_n brace_n in_o venetia_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n which_o be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n of_o this_o place_n and_o kingdom_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o gross_a salmo_n and_o the_o general_a sicilian_a salmo_n which_o be_v the_o small_a salmo_n upon_o which_o general_a salmo_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v thus_o with_o these_o country_n in_o rhagusa_n staro_n 3⅕_n dalmatia_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n ancoma_n somma_n 1½_n ricanati_fw-la somma_n 1⅔_n rimine_fw-la staro_fw-la 1½_n bolonia_n corbe_n 3½_n in_o andalusia_n 5_o fanego_n in_o portugal_n 22½_n alquiers_n in_o florence_n 11¼_n staios_n in_o avignon_n 5_o sesteros_fw-la in_o venetia_n 3_o staros_fw-la and_o 1_o quarter_n in_o pisa_n 11_o 18_o staros_fw-la bergamo_n staro_fw-la 13._o milan_n mesni_fw-la 4⅛_n genova_n measure_n 2⅓_n in_o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 9_o in_o tripoli_n cafesie_n 15._o in_o tunis_n cafesie_n 15._o alexandria_n ribebe_fw-la 1_o l._n 1._o candia_n measure_v 14._o corfu_n mosie_a 2⅓_n catarro_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n verona_n minali_fw-la 7_o quastero_fw-la vicentia_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n milan_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n treviso_n staro_fw-la 3._o modena_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o parma_n staro_fw-mi 6½_n mirandola_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o palermo_n and_o sicilia_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v in_o spalatto_n staro_fw-la 4._o rhagusa_n staro_fw-mi 3⅓_n segnia_fw-la quart_n 12._o arbe_n staro_fw-la 4._o istria_n staro_fw-la 4._o milan_n staro_fw-la 12._o vincentia_fw-la staro_fw-la 12._o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 11._o forli_fw-la staro_fw-la 3_o quaterroli_fw-la 14_o bologna_n corbe_v 4⅓_n mantua_n staro_fw-la 10._o cremona_n somma_n 2._o bergamo_n staro_fw-la 16._o verona_n minali_fw-la 8_o &_o 11½_n quarteroli_fw-la brassia_n somma_n 2⅔_n milan_n mesini_fw-la 5_o 1_o 9_o florentia_n staro_fw-la 14._o wherein_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o the_o large_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o general_a use_n of_o this_o measure_n in_o the_o lewant_n note_v that_o both_o the_o gross_a and_o general_a salmo_n be_v divide_v into_o into_o 16_o tomelos_n and_o that_o the_o gross_a salmo_n be_v great_a than_o the_o general_a salmo_n about_o 17_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n of_o corn_n here_o buy_v be_v 3_o tarry_v and_o 15_o grain_n the_o salmo_n but_o if_o corn_n be_v above_o 18_o tarry_v per_n salmo_n it_o pay_v also_o a_o new_a impost_n which_o be_v per_fw-la salmo_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n which_o in_o trappano_n be_v make_v in_o great_a quantity_n where_o at_o my_o be_v here_o i_o observe_v to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o 3_o ordinary_a salmos_n of_o corn_n divide_v also_o in_o 16_o tomelos_n which_o make_v sicilia_n weight_n about_o 7_o cantaros_n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v 2¾_n barrel_n of_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v 180_o l._n english_a sicilia_n custom_n of_o sicilia_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o island_n be_v common_o 9_o and_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n for_o food_n pay_v 12_o per_fw-la cent._n exchange_n exchange_n palermo_n be_v also_o a_o place_n of_o great_a exchange_n which_o brief_o at_o my_o be_v there_o do_v run_v thus_o with_o other_o place_n always_o note_v that_o all_o bill_n come_v from_o abroad_o pay_v one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n to_o make_v good_a money_n and_o they_o exchange_v by_o ponctos_fw-la as_o i_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o naples_n with_o naples_n and_o they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 160_o pomutos_n incirca_fw-la to_o have_v in_o naples_n a_o ducat_n current_n and_o their_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o particular_a of_o naples_n be_v express_v rome_n with_o rome_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 26_o or_o 27_o carlin_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n a_o ducat_n de_fw-fr camera_n valentia_n with_o valentia_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 6_o tarry_v account_v and_o 1_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n more_o to_o have_v in_o valentia_n 10_o sold._n 3_o den._n and_o a_o crown_n of_o 12_o tarry_v be_v 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o 13_o tarry_v be_v there_o estimate_v for_o 21_o sold._n messina_n with_o messina_n with_o messina_n and_o syracuse_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o exchange_v with_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o same_o money_n this_o note_n of_o equality_n or_o par_n i_o also_o learned_a here_o for_o current_n for_o valentia_n sell_v 9_o dc_o 10¾_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o barselona_n sol._n 11_o d._n 3⅖_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o majorca_n sell_v 14_o d._n 10½_n per_fw-la florin_n and_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n they_o consider_v the_o interest_n to_o he_o that_o take_v by_o exchange_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n which_o they_o recover_v according_o for_o the_o other_o particular_a circumstance_n thereof_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n and_o messina_n be_v large_o handle_v and_o as_o the_o same_o may_v more_o ample_o there_o appear_v in_o the_o chapter_n 419_o 420_o 421_o 422_o 423_o 424_o and_o 425._o with_o all_o particular_a circumstance_n whereto_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v refer_v for_o better_a satisfaction_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n survey_v the_o trade_n of_o messina_n the_o second_o eminent_a city_n of_o traffic_n in_o this_o island_n chap._n cclviii_o of_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o last_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o island_n be_v mona_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o nicosia_n in_o the_o midland_n milaso_n on_o the_o north_n promontory_n and_o messina_n in_o the_o face_n opposite_a to_o reggio_n in_o calabria_n which_o fare_n have_v in_o time_n past_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o those_o ancient_o account_v peril_n scylla_n and_o charybdis_n the_o one_o a_o sand_n and_o the_o other_o a_o rock_n oppose_v each_o other_o at_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o now_o not_o so_o much_o fear_v by_o our_o seaman_n by_o be_v more_o expert_a this_o town_n be_v the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o this_o island_n and_o inhabit_v by_o many_o merchant_n which_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o haven_n do_v much_o further_a and_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o yearly_a fair_n much_o augment_v the_o commodity_n proper_a hitherto_o as_o also_o to_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o also_o the_o

a_o desire_n to_o employ_v their_o talent_n in_o foreign_a country_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o see_v to_o be_v perfect_v among_o they_o nature_n have_v to_o this_o end_n fit_v they_o with_o many_o goodly_a port_n and_o navigable_a river_n and_o will_v in_o time_n i_o hope_v fit_v they_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o second_v by_o their_o endeavour_n what_o be_v so_o plentiful_o bestow_v by_o she_o upon_o they_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o conversation_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o civiliz_n d_o english_a that_o daily_o be_v see_v to_o come_v and_o reside_v among_o they_o and_o thus_o leave_v ireland_n and_o my_o good_a wish_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o her_o traffic_n i_o hence_o pass_v over_o to_o scotland_n a_o part_n of_o britain_n and_o view_v the_o present_a trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclxu._n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o scotland_n be_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o salway_n and_o the_o cheviot_n hill_n extend_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o vary_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n from_o england_n i_o have_v think_v good_a here_o to_o insert_v by_o itself_o scotland_n commodity_n of_o scotland_n the_o comedy_n that_o this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v coarse_a clothes_n freeze_v fish_v salt_v hides_n tallow_n lead_v over_o some_o grain_n feather_n and_o other_o commodity_n as_o sea-coal_n allom_n iron_n etc._n etc._n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o high-land_n and_o the_o low-land_n and_o the_o same_o into_o several_a sheriffdom_n or_o province_n in_o which_o be_v find_v these_o town_n of_o consequence_n chap._n cclxvi_o of_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o edenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o first_o edenburg_n wherein_o be_v seat_v the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n consist_v principal_o of_o one_o street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n whereto_o do_v lead_v many_o other_o petty_a lane_n make_v the_o whole_a near_o three_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o second_o town_n be_v glascow_n a_o archbishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n the_o three_o be_v saint_n andrews_n in_o fife_n honour_v with_o many_o prerogative_n fourthly_a sterling_a then_o be_v perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n saint_n john_n town_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n scotland_n money_n of_o scotland_n their_o current_a money_n in_o merchandise_n be_v the_o proper_a coin_n of_o that_o kingdom_n both_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v usual_o find_v to_o be_v in_o gold_n in_o piece_n of_o 22_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 11_o shill_n sterl_n piece_n of_o 5._o 6_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 2._o 9_o d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 4._o 4⅜_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o 1_o shill_n 1½_n d._n sterl_n piece_n of_o ½_n the_o ¾_n and_o ⅛_n thereof_o piece_n of_o 9_o 6_o d._n be_v ⅔_n of_o the_o 13_o d._n ½_n sterl_n one_o mark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr piece_n of_o ½_n which_o be_v 4½_n d._n be_v ⅓_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a again_o 13½_n d._n sterl_n be_v a_o scotch_a mark._n or_o 13_o shill_n 4._o d._n scotch_a 6⅔_n be_v a_o scotch_a noble_a 6_o shill_n 8_o d._n 20_o d._n sterl_n be_v 1½_n mark_n scotch_a or_o 1_o pound_n scotch_a of_o 20_o shill_n 20_o shill_n sterl_n be_v 18_o scotch_a mark_n beside_o which_o be_v here_o find_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o england_n and_o he_o that_o will_v see_v further_o into_o the_o intrinsic_n value_n and_o weight_n of_o these_o coin_n either_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n must_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o proclamation_n set_v out_o by_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n decease_v date_v in_o 1609_o which_o will_v also_o show_v their_o conformity_n to_o the_o coin_n of_o england_n in_o weight_n and_o goodness_n and_o the_o current_a value_n and_o estimation_n thereof_o through_o this_o kingdom_n scotland_n exchange_n in_o scotland_n here_o be_v practise_v for_o england_n a_o exchange_n for_o money_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o scotch_a mark_n for_o 12_o penny_n sterling_a in_o london_n etc._n etc._n scotland_n account_n in_o scotland_n their_o account_n be_v now_o keep_v several_a way_n some_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n by_o sterling_a pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o some_o by_o their_o own_o ancient_a manner_n also_o in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n scottish_a 20_o penny_n sterling_a be_v their_o pound_n 13½_n be_v their_o mark_n and_o penny_n scottish_a of_o which_o they_o have_v some_o black_a or_o copper_n monies_n as_o babaes_n esteem_v by_o they_o for_o six_o penny_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a placks_n which_o they_o esteem_v for_o four_o penny_n and_o three_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a and_o last_o piece_n call_v hard-head_n esteem_v by_o they_o at_o 1½_n penny_n but_o eight_o of_o they_o make_v a_o penny_n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o of_o these_o be_v yet_o current_a among_o they_o scotland_n weight_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v in_o general_n as_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n but_o one_o weight_n for_o weigh_v of_o their_o merchandise_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n and_o all_o throughout_o england_n 108_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n london_n sotile_n be_v find_v to_o render_v here_o 92_o l._n incirca_fw-la or_o the_o 112_o l._n to_o give_v 103½_n l._n or_o thereabouts_o 100_o measure_n of_o length_n 120_o for_o 100_o their_o common_a measure_n in_o length_n for_o linens_n cloth_n silk_n or_o stuff_n be_v a_o ell_n common_a in_o use_n throughout_o scotland_n which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent_n differ_v from_o our_o english_a yard_n as_o be_v great_a so_o that_o whereas_o we_o allow_v 36_o inch_n to_o the_o yard_n by_o rule_n their_o ell_n may_v make_v incirca_fw-la 34½_n inch_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o trader_n hither_o that_o 75_o yard_n in_o london_n or_o ell_n 60_o ell_n have_v make_v here_o 72_o scotch_a ell_n but_o in_o their_o hundred_o by_o tale_n in_o measure_n they_o account_v six_o score_n or_o 120_o for_o 100_o in_o other_o measure_n of_o corn_n coal_n salt_n or_o liquid_a measure_n of_o beer_n ale_n wine_n oil_n and_o such_o like_a imitate_v the_o better_a experience_a to_o supply_v my_o defect_n therein_o for_o i_o hasten_v now_o towards_o england_n and_o so_o to_o london_n the_o city_n of_o my_o abode_n and_o the_o end_n of_o my_o present_a labour_n and_o by_o the_o way_n will_v observe_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v much_o addict_v both_o to_o trade_n and_o navigation_n and_o have_v many_o good_a help_n and_o furtherance_n there_o both_o by_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n and_o the_o good_a port_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o in_o brief_a i_o may_v conclude_v this_o kingdom_n to_o be_v more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n than_o the_o irish_a and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o english_a which_o yet_o by_o the_o gracious_a aspect_n of_o our_o sovereign_n be_v see_v daily_o to_o increase_v and_o may_v in_o time_n come_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n chap._n cclxvii_o of_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o have_v now_o set_v my_o foot_n upon_o the_o happy_a shore_n and_o run_v through_o the_o trade_n of_o most_o of_o the_o great_a know_a city_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n in_o the_o world_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o survey_v the_o distinct_a port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o i_o may_v not_o do_v less_o to_o our_o own_o than_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o have_v do_v to_o other_o foreign_a country_n britain_n then_o the_o queen_n of_o island_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o circuit_n 1836_o mile_n extend_v itself_o comprehend_v england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n as_o of_o one_o entire_a island_n which_o we_o now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n 800_o mile_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o part_n as_o into_o england_n and_o wales_n who_o trade_n we_o have_v now_o in_o hand_n and_o scotland_n who_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v chap._n cclxviii_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o of_o wales_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o wales_n then_o be_v the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o division_n be_v bound_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o river_n wie_z but_o by_o some_o by_o clauda_n offa_n or_o offa_n ditch_n or_o more_o proper_a by_o interpretation_n offa_n

make_v a_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n and_o 12_o denier_n or_o pence_n make_v a_o soldo_n or_o shilling_n the_o same_o rule_n also_o hold_v in_o those_o place_n who_o great_a money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o feign_a or_o who_o keep_v not_o this_o orderly_a succession_n as_o be_v the_o ducat_n of_o catalonia_n of_o castilia_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o pertugal_n also_o those_o crown_n who_o have_v no_o proper_a part_n also_o the_o ducatoon_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o and_o the_o florm_n in_o germany_n all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o ought_v to_o succeed_v in_o 20_o and_o 12_o that_o be_v in_o sold_n and_o den._n or_o shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o each_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o property_n of_o that_o country_n and_o as_o shall_v be_v signify_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o that_o place_n among_o which_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v common_o resolve_v by_o the_o more_o principal_a of_o their_o own_o money_n as_o the_o exchange_n of_o sicily_n with_o catalonia_n castilia_n portugal_n brabant_n and_o england_n and_o howsoever_o they_o make_v their_o exchange_n either_o by_o the_o sicilian_a florin_n or_o by_o the_o ducat_n notwithstanding_o the_o parcel_n be_v resolve_v in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n which_o be_v thorough_o declare_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n and_o last_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n and_o day_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v in_o many_o country_n to_o differ_v in_o length_n of_o time_n and_o be_v limit_v of_o divers_a day_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n ●…sing_v and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n have_v a_o course_n set_v by_o a_o continual_a meeting_n of_o exchanger_n and_o their_o opinion_n in_o equality_n of_o value_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o needful_a circumstance_n of_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o learn_v where_o also_o he_o shall_v find_v at_o large_a how_o most_o of_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o reckon_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o table_n themselves_o as_o i_o find_v they_o calculate_v by_o the_o say_v geo_n bapt._n zuletta_n and_o other_o follow_v he_o chap._n cclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n a_o place_n of_o fair_n or_o fiera_n of_o exchange_n in_o italy_n placentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n this_o town_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o fair_a or_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o not_o as_o a_o city_n of_o trafficle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o esteem_n make_v of_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n but_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_v which_o be_v crown_n of_o mark_n in_o which_o money_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v only_o treat_v and_o account_v in_o and_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v by_o crown_n sell_v and_o denier_n of_o mark._n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o other_o place_n be_v either_o crown_v one_o or_o crown_n one_o hundred_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o 96¾_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 67._o 10_o sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 134._o 9_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 109½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 135½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 135_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29_o carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 128_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o 81½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 6_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 4_o den._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 482_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 1_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_n 1_o 118¾_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 103½_n quarentins_n in_o the_o 382._o chapter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v how_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v chap._n cclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n paris_n and_o roven_n in_o france_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n etc._n etc._n in_o lion_n paris_n roven_n and_o through_o all_o france_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n denier_n and_o turnois_n and_o they_o here_o do_v exchange_n in_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o denier_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o france_n a_o frank_n and_o 3_o livre_n or_o frank_n be_v account_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o standard_n of_o the_o country_n pass_v at_o 58_o sol._n of_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o number_n either_o one_o crown_n or_o one_o hundred_o crown_n of_o the_o sol._n lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o placentia_n crown_n 100_o for_o 103½_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 66½_n sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 115_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n duc._n bank_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 106½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_n 100_o 117½_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 124_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 122½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 123_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n antw_n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 96_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o den._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 436_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 485_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 119⅕_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 104_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 302._o and_o so_o follow_v of_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n chap._n cclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n rome_n the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o rome_n the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n julios_fw-la bacochs_n and_o quatrin_n and_o they_o exchange_n in_o ducat_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o camera_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o abovesard_n money_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o 100_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v 10_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 40_o quatrin_n and_o the_o bacoch_n be_v 4_o quatrin_n the_o ducat_n of_o camera_n according_a to_o the_o old_a value_n be_v worth_a 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n be_v 102½_n crown_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n the_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n except_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o sicilia_n bologna_n and_o bergamo_n and_o to_o all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o a_o 100_o ducat_n rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 97¾_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 97½_n 100_o crown_n genoa_n ducat_n 97⅛_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 97¼_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n ducat_n 85⅓_n 100_o ducat_n florence_z ducat_n 91¾_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 84_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 135_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 134⅔_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 134½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 15_o tarin_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 17_o tarin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 125_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 87½_n d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 24_o 2_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o denier_n barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o denier_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 440_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 482_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n 326._o and_o so_o follow_v chap._n cclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liguria_n genova_n the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n in_o genova_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n and_o they_o exchange_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v it_o that_o be_v the_o common_a in_o use_n of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a sol._n 90._o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v worth_n less_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v imaginary_a and_o value_v according_a as_o the_o fair_n of_o exchange_n permit_v of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a 68_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o

shall_v the_o remittance_n be_v make_v by_o both_o the_o say_a place_n there_o be_v find_v a_o delivery_n to_o loss_n and_o to_o know_v which_o of_o the_o two_o be_v the_o least_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 81½_n give_v crow_n 110_o the_o price_n limit_v what_o will_v crow_n 82¼_n the_o price_n find_v give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 111._o 0._o 2._o so_o that_o the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o placentia_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crow_n 82¼_n to_o run_v at_o the_o par_fw-fr the_o delivery_n shall_v be_v for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 114._o and_o the_o bill_n be_v at_o crow_n 110⅙_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n example_n 3._o example_n again_o one_o of_o rome_n be_v debtor_n in_o florence_n in_o crow_n 2500_o who_o inorder_v that_o the_o draught_n be_v make_v at_o crow_n 91_o or_o by_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110½_n where_o the_o most_o profit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v now_o there_o be_v find_v money_n for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 92●_n l._n for_o placentia_n at_o 109⅙_n crow_n i_o demand_v whither_o shall_v this_o draught_n be_v make_v see_v that_o to_o both_o the_o place_n the_o draught_n happen_v to_o be_v to_o loss_n in_o both_o the_o limit_a price_n and_o to_o know_v which_o be_v the_o least_o of_o both_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 92⅕_n the_o price_n find_v for_o rome_n see_v that_o placentia_n receive_v the_o uncertain_a rate_n from_o florence_n give_v crow_n 110½_n what_o will_v crow_n 91_o the_o price_n inorder_v give_v it_o will_v make_v crow_n 109._o 1._o 2._o so_o that_o the_o draught_n shall_v be_v make_v for_o placentia_n see_v that_o draw_v for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 92●_n to_o run_v upon_o a_o par_fw-fr shall_v be_v take_v for_o placentia_n at_o the_o say_a price_n at_o crow_n 109½_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o there_o be_v find_v at_o more_o that_o be_v at_o crow_n 109⅙_n as_o by_o example_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n of_o florence_n chap._n ccccx_n example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o milan_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v milan_n exchange_n practise_v at_o milan_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_n rate_v thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v so_o to_o alter_v and_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o frame_v these_o account_n now_o remain_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o some_o few_o other_o the_o principal_a needful_a hereunto_o milan_n account_n keep_v in_o milan_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o exchanger_n do_v there_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o lyre_n sols_n and_o denier_n and_o cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n do_v make_v a_o lyre_n and_o 12_o denier_n a_o sol._n chap._n ccccxi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n milan_n then_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 118⅓_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 9258._o sol._n 5_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o crown_n shall_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o lion_n first_o reduce_v into_o sols_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o milan_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 185165_o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o to_o make_v they_o three_o of_o sols_n likewise_o bring_v the_o sol_n 118⅓_n into_o three_o multiply_v they_o by_o 3_o and_o they_o make_v 355_o for_o division_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n and_o by_o division_n it_o will_v come_v to_o be_v crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 1564._o 15._o 5._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o much_o will_v be_v have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o li._n 9258._o 5_o of_o milan_n money_n as_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o lion_n exchange_v with_o milan_n as_o before_o chap._n ccccxii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o placentia_n milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 133⅓_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n one_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o liver_n 9671._o 16._o 8._o of_o milan_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n must_v i_o have_v in_o placentia_n first_o reduce_v into_o denier_n the_o say_a 133⅓_n sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 4_o denier_n for_o the_o ⅓_n of_o a_o sol._n and_o they_o make_v denier_n 1600_o and_o then_o to_o reduce_v into_o denier_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o lyre_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n sol._n 16._o and_o denier_n 8_o which_o account_n with_o the_o liver_n and_o they_o make_v denier_n 2321240_o the_o which_o must_v be_v divide_v by_o denier_n 1600_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o by_o division_n they_o will_v come_v to_o be_v crown_n multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crow_n 1450._o 15._o 6._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o will_v the_o say_a sum_n be_v in_o placentia_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxiii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o venice_n milan_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o liver_n of_o 5._o 17_o s._n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la 148_o l._n ½_n sols_n money_n of_o piccoli_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 7260._o 10._o 0._o of_o milan_n how_o many_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6⅕_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n by_o liver_n 5._o 17._o reduce_v they_o and_o the_o other_o price_n into_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 1241._o 0._o 9_o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 7._o 8._o 6._o the_o crown_n which_o be_v the_o abovesaid_a 148._o 6_o beginning_z to_o multiply_v the_o l._n 7._o by_o the_o den._n 9_o 4._o then_o by_o the_o sol_n if_o there_o be_v any_o with_o the_o say_a crown_n calculate_v for_o denier_n 12_o one_o sol_fw-la and_o for_o sols_n 20_o one_o lyre_n and_o they_o will_v be_v l._n 9214._o 14._o money_n of_o piccoli_n of_o venice_n which_o to_o be_v reduce_v into_o ducat_n must_v be_v divide_v by_o l._n 6⅕_n the_o value_n of_o the_o ducat_n and_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 1486_o ●_o 24_o of_o l._n 6●_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v i_o have_v in_o venice_n for_o the_o sum_n above_o mention_v in_o liver_n of_o milan_n as_o by_o example_n be_v more_o apparent_a proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o venice_n do_v exchange_n for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxiv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o rome_n milan_n exchange_v with_o rome_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 115½_n of_o l._n 5._o 17._o per_fw-la crow_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o l._n 7820._o 18_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o rome_n you_o must_v first_o see_v for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o milan_n liver_n how_o many_o crown_n they_o will_v be_v divide_v they_o by_o l._n 5._o 17_o per_fw-la crown_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 1336._o 18._o 1_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 115½_n of_o milan_n give_v in_o rome_n crown_v 100_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n will_v the_o say_a crow_n 1336._o 18._o 1._o give_v and_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o crown_n 1157._o 9_o 9_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n which_o will_v be_v give_v in_o rome_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o milan_n liver_n as_o abovesaid_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n chap._n ccccxu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o naples_n milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o naples_n

3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o

hand_n that_o therefore_o no_o protest_v can_v be_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n which_o be_v frivoulous_a and_o vain_a and_o will_v prove_v but_o a_o sandy_a foundation_n for_o any_o to_o build_v upon_o nota._n nota._n for_o even_o by_o the_o notifica-which_a be_v make_v to_o the_o party_n accept_v declare_v how_o that_o the_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n of_o such_o a_o date_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n from_o such_o a_o party_n payable_a to_o such_o a_o one_o and_o draw_v on_o he_o and_o by_o he_o accept_v be_v lose_v etc._n etc._n the_o acceptor_n do_v thereby_o tacit_o acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o bill_n be_v by_o he_o accept_v and_o so_o make_v himself_o debtor_n for_o the_o parcel_n and_o thereupon_o he_o may_v in_o case_n of_o obstinacy_n be_v sue_v at_o law_n for_o the_o money_n without_o the_o accept_a bill_n and_o be_v force_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o with_o cost_n and_o damage_n and_o therefore_o mere_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o accept_a bill_n he_o can_v have_v no_o just_a cause_n or_o plea_n to_o detain_v the_o money_n beyond_o the_o just_a time_n from_o the_o right_a party_n who_o shall_v receive_v the_o same_o but_o only_o thus_o when_o such_o a_o accept_a bill_n be_v lose_v the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a must_v give_v bond_n or_o other_o reasonable_a writing_n to_o the_o content_a and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v accept_v the_o bill_n and_o such_o as_o in_o reason_n he_o can_v refuse_v therein_o and_o thereby_o engage_v to_o save_v the_o acceptor_n harmless_a from_o the_o accept_a bill_n which_o be_v lose_v and_o to_o discharge_v he_o from_o the_o sum_n the_o ein_fw-mi mention_v against_o the_o drawer_n and_o all_o other_o in_o due_a form_n and_o thereupon_o the_o party_n which_o do_v accept_v the_o bill_n ought_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o although_o he_o have_v not_o in_o his_o accept_a bill_n for_o otherwise_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v payable_a must_v send_v a_o notary_n to_o make_v demand_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n upon_o the_o same_o offer_n of_o give_v bond_n to_o save_v harmless_a as_o above_o and_o than_o if_o payment_n be_v refuse_v the_o notary_n must_v protest_v for_o want_v of_o present_a payment_n and_o the_o party_n that_o accept_v the_o bill_n be_v liable_a to_o make_v good_a the_o damage_n and_o cost_n he_o be_v the_o wilful_a occasion_n thereof_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o accept_a bill_n be_v but_o accidental_a and_o indeed_o such_o a_o bill_n be_v real_o lose_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a and_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o man_n well_o know_v and_o of_o good_a commerce_n and_o such_o notification_n be_v make_v as_o above_o nota._n nota._n yea_o i_o will_v advise_v to_o make_v the_o notification_n though_o i_o do_v not_o miss_v the_o bill_n till_o i_o go_v for_o the_o money_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o i_o can_v tell_v what_o may_v fall_v out_o between_o the_o cup_n and_o the_o lip_n i_o can_v well_o imagine_v what_o loss_n he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v can_v be_v at_o in_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o due_a time_n to_o the_o right_a party_n upon_o his_o bond_n to_o save_v harmless_a object_n peradventure_o you_o will_v object_n and_o say_v what_o if_o the_o second_o bill_n come_v payable_a to_o another_o man_n be_o not_o i_o bind_v to_o pay_v that_o bill_n i_o answer_v that_o can_v hardly_o be_v i_o mean_v that_o the_o second_o bill_n shall_v come_v payable_a to_o another_o man_n if_o the_o first_o be_v make_v payable_a in_o the_o bill_n or_o by_o orderly_a assignment_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o you_o have_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o yet_o suppose_v the_o first_o accept_v bill_n which_o be_v lose_v be_v payable_a or_o assign_v to_o he_o that_o lose_v it_o and_o a_o second_o bill_n shall_v come_v assign_v to_o another_o man_n as_o i_o have_v see_v such_o a_o thing_n happen_v the_o honesty_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o i_o will_v not_o now_o dispute_v the_o money_n be_v real_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o same_o fall_v due_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o accept_a bill_n and_o payable_a to_o he_o and_o not_o have_v have_v notice_n of_o the_o other_o bill_n until_o after_o it_o be_v due_a the_o payment_n on_o or_o according_a to_o the_o first_o bill_n be_v good_a and_o warrantable_a ob._n but_o what_o if_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n be_v afterward_o find_v by_o any_o that_o shall_v come_v and_o demand_v the_o money_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o that_o he_o himself_o shall_v have_v assign_v it_o over_o to_o another_o man_n and_o have_v take_v up_o the_o value_n of_o he_o an._n it_o be_v all_o as_o nothing_o come_v after_o the_o time_n and_o the_o money_n have_v be_v pay_v at_o the_o time_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a though_o without_o the_o accept_a bill_n it_o be_v suppose_v lose_v and_o have_v good_a bond_n to_o save_v harmless_a it_o will_v lie_v on_o he_o which_o have_v commit_v the_o fraud_n and_o not_o on_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v and_o have_v pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n who_o be_v free_a from_o both_o first_o and_o second_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v save_v harmless_n according_o no_o revoke_v acceptance_n it_o happen_v one_o day_n that_o a_o young_a merchant_n though_o a_o middle_a age_a man_n come_v to_o i_o and_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v few_o hour_n ago_o accept_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o deliver_v it_o back_o to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a but_o that_o just_a now_o he_o have_v receive_v letter_n of_o advice_n that_o the_o party_n for_o who_o account_n the_o money_n be_v draw_v namely_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v fail_v of_o his_o credit_n and_o therefore_o the_o acceptor_n will_v if_o he_o can_v un-accept_a the_o bill_n or_o make_v void_a his_o acceptance_n thereof_o and_o desire_v i_o to_o advise_v he_o how_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o to_o who_o i_o make_v answer_v merry_o sir_n pray_v go_v to_o the_o party_n that_o have_v your_o accept_a bill_n and_o tell_v he_o as_o much_o as_o you_o have_v tell_v i_o if_o he_o know_v it_o not_o already_o and_o if_o he_o will_v give_v you_o leave_v to_o cancel_v your_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v than_o you_o may_v be_v free_a from_o your_o engagement_n but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v no_o other_o way_n for_o if_o you_o can_v recall_v your_o word_n in_o such_o case_n much_o less_o can_v you_o make_v void_a your_o deed_n without_o mutual_a consent_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v once_o accept_v that_o acceptance_n can_v be_v recall_v but_o the_o acceptor_n stand_v liable_a to_o the_o payment_n and_o must_v make_v it_o good_a if_o he_o be_v able_a accept_v for_o long_a time_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a at_o 30_o day_n sight_n and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o say_a bill_n be_v direct_v will_v not_o accept_v it_o but_o at_o 60_o day_n sight_n or_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v at_o double_a usance_n and_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o same_o be_v draw_v will_v not_o accept_v it_o but_o at_o treble_a usance_n or_o the_o like_a that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v charge_v will_v not_o accept_v it_o to_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o time_n therein_o limit_v but_o for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o such_o case_n the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a or_o his_o assign_v must_v cause_v protest_v to_o be_v make_v for_o want_n of_o acceptance_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o and_o then_o he_o may_v take_v the_o acceptance_n offer_v or_o if_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v leave_v with_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o be_v accept_v and_o he_o do_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a accept_v the_o bill_n for_o a_o long_a time_n or_o for_o a_o less_o sum_n than_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o say_a bill_n be_v make_v payable_a or_o his_o assign_v must_v go_v with_o the_o say_a bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o a_o notary_n and_o cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v for_o want_n of_o acceptance_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n therein_o mention_v or_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o he_o may_v not_o let_v the_o party_n blot_v out_o his_o acceptance_n nota._n nota._n for_o by_o his_o acceptance_n he_o make_v himself_o debtor_n and_o own_v the_o

trade_n vacation_n as_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o know_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o other_o in_o their_o place_n so_o it_o be_v a_o great_a shame_n to_o be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o own_o vacation_n the_o love_n and_o service_n of_o our_o country_n consist_v not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o those_o duty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o other_o as_o in_o the_o skilful_a practice_n of_o that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o ourselves_o and_o therefore_o my_o son_n it_o be_v now_o fit_a that_o i_o say_v something_o of_o the_o merchant_n which_o i_o hope_v in_o due_a time_n shall_v be_v thy_o vocation_n yet_o herein_o be_v my_o thought_n free_a from_o all_o ambition_n although_o i_o rank_v thou_o in_o a_o place_n of_o so_o high_a estimation_n for_o the_o merchant_n be_v worthy_o call_v the_o steward_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v stock_n by_o way_n of_o commerce_n with_o other_o nation_n a_o work_n of_o no_o less_o reputation_n than_o trust_v which_o ought_v to_o be_v perform_v with_o great_a skill_n and_o conscience_n that_o so_o the_o private_a gain_n may_v ever_o accompany_v the_o public_a good_n and_o because_o the_o nobleness_n of_o this_o profession_n may_v the_o better_o stir_v up_o thy_o desire_n and_o endeavour_n to_o obtain_v those_o ability_n which_o may_v effect_v it_o worthy_o i_o will_v brief_o set_v down_o the_o excellent_a quality_n which_o be_v require_v in_o a_o perfect_a merchant_n 1._o he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o good_a penman_n a_o good_a arithmetician_n and_o a_o good_a accountant_a by_o that_o noble_a order_n of_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n which_o be_v use_v only_o among_o merchant_n also_o to_o be_v expert_a in_o the_o order_n and_o form_n of_o charter-party_n bill_n of_o lade_n invoice_n contract_n bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o policy_n of_o insurance_n 2._o he_o ought_v to_o know_v the_o measure_n weight_n and_o money_n of_o all_o foreign_a country_n especial_o where_o we_o have_v trade_n and_o the_o money_n not_o only_o by_o their_o several_a denomination_n but_o also_o by_o their_o intrinsic_a value_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o standard_n of_o this_o kingdom_n without_o which_o he_o can_v well_o direct_v his_o affair_n 3._o he_o ought_v to_o know_v the_o custom_n toll_n tax_n imposition_n conduct_n and_o other_o charge_n upon_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n export_v or_o import_v to_o and_o from_o the_o say_v foreign_a country_n 4._o he_o ought_v to_o know_v in_o what_o several_a commodity_n each_o country_n abound_v and_o what_o be_v the_o ware_n which_o they_o want_v and_o how_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v furnish_v with_o the_o same_o 5._o he_o ought_v to_o understand_v and_o to_o be_v a_o diligent_a observer_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n from_o one_o state_n to_o another_o whereby_o he_o may_v the_o better_o direct_v his_o affair_n and_o remit_v over_o and_o receive_v home_o his_o money_n to_o the_o most_o advantage_n possible_a 6._o he_o ought_v to_o know_v what_o good_n be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v export_v or_o import_v in_o the_o say_v foreign_a country_n lest_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v incur_v great_a danger_n and_o loss_n in_o the_o order_n of_o his_o affair_n 7._o he_o ought_v to_o know_v upon_o what_o rate_n and_o condition_n to_o freight_n his_o ship_n and_o ensure_v his_o adventure_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o and_o to_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o law_n order_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o insurance-office_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o many_o accident_n which_o may_v happen_v upon_o the_o damage_n or_o loss_n of_o ship_n or_o good_n or_o both_o 8._o he_o ought_v to_o have_v knowledge_n in_o the_o goodness_n and_o in_o the_o price_n of_o all_o the_o several_a material_n which_o be_v require_v for_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o ship_n and_o the_o divers_a workmanship_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o for_o the_o mast_n tackle_n cordage●_n ordnance_n victual_n munition_n and_o provision_n of_o many_o kind_n together_o with_o the_o ordinary_a wage_n of_o commander_n officer_n and_o mariner_n all_o which_o concern_v the_o merchant_n as_o he_o be_v a_o owner_n of_o ship_n 9_o he_o ought_v by_o the_o divers_a occasion_n which_o happen_v sometime_o in_o the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o one_o commodity_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o to_o have_v indifferent_a if_o not_o perfect_a knowledge_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o erchandze_n or_o ware_n which_o be_v to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o man_n of_o all_o occupation_n and_o trade_n 10._o he_o ought_v by_o his_o voyage_n on_o the_o sea_n to_o become_v skilful_a in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n 11._o he_o ought_v as_o he_o be_v a_o traveller_n and_o sometime_o abide_v in_o foreign_a country_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o speak_n of_o divers_a language_n and_o to_o be_v a_o diligent_a observer_n of_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n and_o expense_n of_o foreign_a prince_n together_o with_o their_o strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n their_o law_n custom_n policy_n manner_n religion_n art_n and_o the_o like_a to_o be_v able_a to_o give_v account_n thereof_o in_o all_o occasion_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o country_n 12._o last_o although_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o such_o a_o merchant_n shall_v be_v a_o great_a scholar_n yet_o be_v it_o at_o least_o require_v that_o in_o his_o youth_n he_o learn_v the_o latin_a tongue_n which_o will_v the_o better_o enable_v he_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o endeavour_n thus_o have_v i_o briefl_o show_v thou_o a_o pattern_n for_o thy_o diligence_n the_o merchant_n in_o his_o quality_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v such_o and_o so_o many_o that_o i_o find_v no_o other_o profession_n which_o lead_v into_o more_o worldly_a knowledge_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o their_o sufficiency_n do_v appear_v likewise_o in_o the_o excellent_a government_n of_o state_n at_o venice_n luca_n genova_n florence_n the_o low-countries_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n of_o christendom_n and_o in_o those_o state_n also_o where_o they_o be_v least_o esteem_v yet_o be_v there_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n often_o use_v by_o those_o who_o sit_v in_o the_o high_a place_n of_o authority_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o act_n beyond_o rashness_n in_o some_o who_o disenable_a their_o counsel_n and_o judgement_n even_o in_o book_n print_v make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o those_o way_n and_o mean_n which_o do_v either_o enrich_v or_o empoverish_v a_o common_a wealth_n when_o in_o truth_n this_o be_v only_o effect_v by_o the_o mystery_n of_o their_o trade_n as_o i_o shall_v plain_o show_v in_o that_o which_o follow_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o many_o merchant_n here_o in_o england_n find_v less_o encouragement_n give_v to_o their_o profession_n than_o in_o other_o country_n and_o see_v themselves_o not_o so_o well_o esteem_v as_o their_o noble_a vocation_n require_v and_o according_a to_o the_o great_a consequence_n of_o the_o same_o do_v not_o therefore_o labour_v to_o attain_v unto_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o profession_n neither_o be_v it_o practise_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o it_o be_v in_o other_o state_n from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o son_n throughout_o their_o generation_n to_o their_o great_a increase_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o name_n and_o family_n virtue_n there_o be_v more_o honour_n and_o profit_n in_o a_o industrious_a life_n than_o in_o a_o great_a inheritance_n which_o waste_v for_o want_v of_o virtue_n whereas_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o rich_a merchant_n be_v sudden_o extinguish_v the_o son_n be_v leave_v rich_a scorn_v the_o profession_n of_o his_o father_n conceive_v more_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o gentleman_n although_o but_o in_o name_n to_o consume_v his_o estate_n in_o dark_a ignorance_n and_o excess_n than_o to_o follow_v the_o step_v of_o his_o father_n as_o a_o industrious_a merchant_n to_o maintain_v and_o advance_v his_o fortune_n but_o now_o leave_v the_o merchant_n praise_n we_o will_v come_v to_o his_o practice_n or_o at_o least_o to_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o concern_v the_o bring_n of_o treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n ii_o the_o mean_n to_o enrich_v this_o kingdom_n and_o to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n although_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v enrich_v by_o gift_n receive_v or_o by_o purchase_n take_v from_o some_o other_o nation_n yet_o these_o be_v thing_n uncertain_a and_o of_o small_a consideration_n when_o they_o happen_v treasure_n foreign_a trade_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o our_o treasure_n the_o ordinary_a mean_n therefore_o to_o increase_v our_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n be_v by_o foreign_a trade_n wherein_o we_o must_v ever_o observe_v this_o rule_n to_o sell_v more_o to_o stranger_n yearly_a than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o in_o value_n for_o suppose_v that_o when_o this_o kingdom_n be_v plentiful_o

manner_n be_v increase_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n who_o notwithstanding_o shall_v be_v sure_a in_o the_o end_n to_o have_v the_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o prevent_v not_o such_o unthrifty_a course_n as_o do_v impoverish_v his_o subject_n chap._n viii_o the_o enhance_a or_o debase_v our_o money_n can_v enrich_v the_o kingdom_n with_o treasure_n nor_o hinder_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v common_o alter_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o coin_n in_o their_o several_a denomination_n be_v make_v currant_n at_o more_o or_o less_o pound_n shilling_n or_o penny_n than_o former_o the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v alter_v in_o their_o weight_n and_o yet_o continue_v currant_n at_o the_o former_a rate_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o standard_n be_v either_o debase_v or_o enrich_v in_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o the_o money_n continue_v in_o their_o former_a value_v in_o all_o occasion_n of_o want_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o do_v ever_o find_v divers_a man_n who_o use_v their_o wit_n for_o a_o remedy_n to_o supply_v the_o first_o and_o preserve_v the_o last_o they_o fall_v present_o upon_o alter_v the_o money_n for_o say_v they_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o coin_n in_o value_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n from_o divers_a place_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o the_o debase_v of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o fineness_n or_o weight_n will_v keep_v it_o here_o for_o fear_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o these_o man_n please_v themselves_o with_o the_o begin_n only_o of_o this_o weighty_a business_n consider_v not_o the_o progress_n and_o end_n thereof_o whereunto_o we_o ought_v especial_o to_o direct_v our_o thought_n and_o endeavour_n spain_n a_o notable_a service_n for_o spain_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o money_n be_v not_o only_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o also_o of_o our_o foreign_a commerce_n with_o stranger_n which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v just_a and_o constant_a to_o avoid_v those_o confusion_n which_o ever_o accompany_v such_o alteration_n for_o first_o at_o home_o if_o the_o common_a measure_n be_v change_v our_o land_n lease_n ware_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a must_v alter_v in_o proportion_n and_o although_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o much_o trouble_n and_o damage_n also_o to_o some_o man_n yet_o in_o short_a time_n this_o must_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o be_v not_o the_o denomination_n of_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n which_o be_v respect_v but_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o our_o coin_n unto_o which_o we_o have_v little_a reason_n to_o add_v any_o further_a estimation_n or_o worth_n if_o it_o lay_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v it_o for_o this_o will_v be_v a_o special_a service_n to_o spain_n and_o a_o act_n against_o ourselves_o to_o endear_v the_o commodity_n of_o another_o prince_n mean_n money_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o our_o other_o mean_n neither_o can_v these_o course_n which_o so_o much_o hurt_v the_o subject_n any_o way_n help_v the_o king_n as_o some_o man_n have_v imagine_v for_o although_o the_o debase_v or_o lightning_n of_o all_o our_o money_n shall_v bring_v a_o present_a benefit_n for_o once_o only_o to_o the_o mint_n yet_o all_o this_o and_o more_o will_v soon_o be_v lose_v again_o in_o the_o future_a great_a incom_n of_o his_o majesty_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o must_v be_v pay_v yearly_o with_o money_n of_o less_o intrinsic_a value_n than_o former_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o whole_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o king_n they_o differ_v infinite_o for_o all_o man_n estate_n be_v it_o lease_n land_n debt_n ware_n or_o money_n must_v suffer_v in_o their_o proportion_n whereas_o his_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o gain_n only_o upon_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n as_o may_v be_v new_o coin_v which_o in_o comparison_n will_v prove_v a_o very_a small_a matter_n pound_n all_o the_o ready_a money_n in_o this_o kingdom_n be_v esteem_v at_o little_a more_o than_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n for_o although_o they_o who_o have_v other_o estate_n in_o money_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a number_n and_o to_o be_v worth_a five_o or_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la man_n more_o or_o less_o which_o amount_v to_o many_o million_o in_o all_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o possess_v thereof_o all_o together_o or_o at_o once_o for_o it_o be_v vanity_n and_o against_o their_o profit_n to_o keep_v continual_o in_o their_o hand_n above_o forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n in_o a_o family_n to_o defray_v necessary_a charge_n the_o rest_n must_v ever_o run_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n for_o their_o benefit_n whereby_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o a_o little_a money_n be_v make_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o our_o other_o mean_n do_v rule_n and_o distribute_v great_a matter_n daily_o to_o all_o man_n in_o their_o just_a proportion_n and_o we_o must_v know_v likewise_o that_o much_o of_o our_o old_a money_n be_v wear_v light_n and_o therefore_o will_v yield_v little_a or_o no_o profit_n at_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o gain_n upon_o the_o heavy_a will_v cause_v our_o vigilant_a neighbour_n to_o carry_v over_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o and_o return_v it_o present_o in_o piece_n of_o the_o new_a stamp_n nor_o do_v we_o doubt_v that_o some_o of_o our_o own_o countryman_n will_v turn_v coiner_n and_o venture_v a_o hang_n for_o this_o profit_n so_o that_o his_o majesty_n in_o the_o end_n shall_v get_v little_a by_o such_o alteration_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n if_o his_o majesty_n raise_v the_o money_n great_a store_n of_o treasure_n will_v also_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mint_n from_o foreign_a part_n for_o we_o have_v see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o late_a raise_n of_o our_o gold_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v bring_v in_o great_a store_n thereof_o more_o than_o we_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o which_o as_o i_o can_v deny_v so_o do_v i_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o this_o gold_n carry_v away_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o silver_n which_o be_v not_o overworn_a or_o too_o light_a as_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v by_o the_o present_a use_n of_o our_o money_n in_o their_o respective_a quality_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o change_n be_v because_o our_o silver_n be_v not_o raise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o gold_n which_o still_o give_v advantage_n to_o the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v yearly_o gain_n by_o trade_n in_o gold_n rather_o than_o in_o silver_n second_o if_o we_o be_v inconstant_a in_o our_o coin_n and_o and_o thereby_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o foreign_a commerce_n other_o prince_n be_v vigilant_a in_o these_o case_n to_o alter_v present_o in_o proportion_n with_o we_o and_o then_o where_o be_v our_o hope_n or_o if_o they_o do_v not_o alter_v what_o can_v we_o hope_v for_o for_o if_o the_o stranger-merchant_n bring_v in_o his_o ware_n and_o find_v that_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v shall_v not_o he_o likewise_o keep_v his_o commodity_n until_o he_o may_v sell_v they_o dear_a and_o shall_v not_o the_o price_n of_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n with_o foreign_a country_n rise_v in_o proportion_n with_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v undoubted_o true_a why_o may_v not_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o and_o to_o as_o much_o profit_n after_o the_o raise_n thereof_o as_o before_o the_o alteration_n but_o peradventure_o some_o man_n will_v yet_o say_v that_o if_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v and_o other_o country_n raise_v not_o it_o will_v cause_v more_o bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o than_o heretofore_o if_o this_o be_v do_v it_o must_v be_v perform_v either_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o have_v export_v ware_n or_o by_o the_o merchant_n who_o intend_v to_o buy_v off_o our_o commodity_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o neither_o of_o these_o can_v have_v more_o advantage_n or_o benefit_n by_o this_o art_n now_o than_o they_o may_v have_v have_v before_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o mony_n for_o if_o their_o say_a bulloin_n and_o foreign_a coin_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o former_o in_o our_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n yet_o what_o shall_v they_o get_v by_o that_o when_o these_o money_n be_v base_a or_o light_a and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v rise_v in_o proportion_n so_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o these_o innovation_n be_v no_o good_a mean_n to_o bring_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o yet_o to_o keep_v it_o here_o when_o we_o have_v it_o chap._n ix_o a_o toleration_n for_o foreign_a coin_n to_o pass_v currant_n

leave_v no_o objection_n unanswered_a if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o a_o statute_n comprehend_v the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o the_o stranger_n must_v needs_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n what_o shall_v we_o get_v by_o this_o if_o it_o hinder_v the_o come_n in_o of_o money_n by_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o ample_a trade_n which_o we_o enjoy_v in_o the_o freedom_n thereof_o be_v not_o the_o remedy_n far_o worse_o than_o the_o disease_n shall_v we_o not_o live_v more_o like_a irishman_n than_o englishmen_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n our_o merchant_n mariner_n ship_n art_n land_n riches_n and_o all_o decay_n together_o with_o our_o trade_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n we_o have_v better_a hope_n than_o so_o for_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o as_o all_o the_o foreign_a ware_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o shall_v be_v employ_v in_o our_o commodity_n thereby_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n so_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o send_v out_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o our_o own_o ware_n over_o and_o above_o to_o bring_v in_o the_o value_n thereof_o in_o ready_a mony_n although_o this_o be_v absolute_o deny_v by_o the_o reason_n afore-written_a yet_o now_o we_o will_v grant_v it_o because_o we_o desire_v to_o end_v the_o dispute_n for_o if_o this_o be_v true_a that_o other_o natition_n vent_v more_o of_o our_o commodite_n than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o in_o value_n than_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o overplus_n must_v necessary_o return_v unto_o we_o in_o treasure_n without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v therefore_o not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o hurtful_a as_o some_o other_o like_o restriction_n be_v find_v to_o be_v when_o they_o be_v full_o discover_v chap._n xi_o it_o will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n to_o enjoin_v the_o merchant_n that_o export_v fish_n corn_n or_o munition_n to_o return_v all_o or_o part_n of_o the_o value_n in_o mony_n victual_n and_o munition_n for_o war_n be_v so_o precious_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o either_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o restrain_v the_o exportation_n altogether_o or_o if_o the_o plenty_n permit_v it_o to_o require_v the_o return_n thereof_o in_o so_o much_o treasure_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o without_o difficulty_n because_o spain_n and_o other_o country_n do_v willing_o part_v with_o their_o money_n for_o such_o ware_n although_o in_o other_o occasion_n of_o trade_n they_o straight_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o all_o which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o notwithstanding_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n which_o in_o course_n of_o trade_n force_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o therefore_o make_v it_o we_o for_o this_o can_v be_v do_v only_o by_o a_o lawful_a gain_n and_o this_o gain_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v accomplish_v but_o by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o our_o trade_n and_o this_o overbalance_n be_v make_v less_o by_o restriction_n trade_n some_o restriction_n hinder_v trade_n therefore_o such_o restriction_n do_v hinder_v the_o increase_n of_o our_o treasure_n the_o argument_n be_v plain_a and_o needs_o no_o other_o reason_n to_o strengthen_v it_o except_o any_o man_n be_v so_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o restriction_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o less_o ware_n to_o be_v export_v but_o if_o this_o likewise_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o to_o enjoin_v the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o money_n for_o victual_n and_o munition_n carry_v out_o will_v not_o cause_v we_o to_o have_v one_o penny_n the_o more_o in_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o year_n end_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v force_v in_o one_o way_n must_v out_o again_o in_o another_o way_n because_o only_o so_o much_o will_v remain_v and_o abide_v with_o we_o as_o be_v gain_v and_o incorporate_v into_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n this_o may_v be_v make_v plain_a by_o a_o example_n take_v from_o a_o englishman_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o buy_v and_o consume_v the_o ware_n of_o divers_a of_o stranger_n for_o the_o value_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n he_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o say_a stranger_n and_o present_o force_v all_o the_o money_n from_o they_o there_o remain_v only_o four_o hundred_o pound_n to_o the_o say_v englishman_n for_o overbalance_n of_o the_o ware_n buy_v and_o sell_v so_o the_o rest_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v be_v return_v back_o from_o whence_o he_o force_v it_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o whatsoever_o course_n we_o take_v to_o force_v money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o much_o only_o will_v remain_v with_o we_o as_o we_o shall_v gain_v by_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n chap._n xii_o the_o vndervalue_v of_o our_o money_n which_o be_v deliver_v or_o receive_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n can_v decrease_v our_o treasure_n the_o merchant_n exchange_n by_o bill_n be_v a_o mean_n and_o practice_n whereby_o they_o that_o have_v money_n in_o one_o country_n may_v deliver_v the_o same_o to_o receive_v that_o again_o in_o another_o country_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o rate_n agree_v upon_o whereby_o the_o lender_n and_o the_o borrower_n be_v accommodate_v without_o transport_v of_o treasure_n from_o state_n to_o state_n these_o exchange_n thus_o make_v between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o contract_v at_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a weight_n and_o fineness_n first_o because_o he_o that_o deliver_v his_o money_n do_v respect_v the_o venture_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o the_o time_n of_o forbearance_n but_o that_o which_o cause_v a_o under_o or_o overvalue_a of_o money_n by_o exchange_n be_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n thereof_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o example_n when_o here_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o amsterdam_n then_o shall_v our_o money_n be_v undervalved_n in_o exchange_n because_o they_o who_o take_v up_o the_o money_n see_v it_o so_o plentiful_o thrust_v upon_o they_o do_v thereby_o make_v advantage_n to_o themselves_o in_o take_v the_o same_o at_o a_o undervalue_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o here_o be_v scarcity_n of_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o amsterdam_n the_o deliverer_n will_v make_v the_o same_o advantage_n by_o overvalue_a our_o money_n which_o he_o deliver_v dear_a plenty_n of_o money_n make_v the_o exchange_n cheap_a and_o all_o other_o thing_n dear_a and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o as_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v make_v all_o good_a thing_n dear_a or_o cheap_a so_o in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n it_o have_v ever_o a_o contrary_n work_v wherefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n as_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o so_o the_o over_o or_o underballance_n of_o our_o trade_n do_v effectual_o cause_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n be_v either_o general_n or_o particular_a the_o general_n be_v when_o all_o our_o yearly_a traffic_n be_v joint_o value_v as_o i_o have_v former_o show_v the_o particular_a be_v when_o our_o trade_n to_o italy_n france_n turkey_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n be_v several_o consider_v and_o by_o this_o latter_a course_n we_o shall_v perfect_o find_v out_o the_o place_n where_o our_o money_n be_v under_o or_o overvalue_v in_o exchange_n for_o although_o our_o general_a exportation_n of_o ware_n may_v be_v yearly_o more_o in_o value_n than_o that_o which_o be_v import_v whereby_o the_o difference_n be_v make_v good_a to_o we_o in_o so_o much_o treasure_n nevertheless_o the_o particular_a trade_n do_v work_v diverse_o for_o peradventure_o the_o low-countries_n may_v bring_v we_o more_o in_o value_n than_o we_o sell_v they_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o then_o do_v the_o low-country_n merchant_n not_o only_o carry_v away_o our_o treasure_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n between_o we_o but_o also_o by_o this_o mean_v money_n be_v plentiful_a here_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n low_o what_o kind_n of_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v the_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o it_o be_v therefore_o undervalue_v by_o the_o taker_n as_o i_o have_v before_o declare_v and_o contrary_a wise_a if_o we_o carry_v more_o ware_n to_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o then_o do_v we_o bring_v away_o their_o treasure_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n we_o overvalue_v our_o own_o mony_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v seem_v to_o make_v this_o plain_a by_o demonstration_n that_o the_o under-valuing_a of_o our_o money_n by_o exchange_n do_v carry_v it_o out_o

and_o of_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n with_o their_o true_a cause_n and_o effect_n nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o pursue_v this_o business_n yet_o a_o little_a further_o and_o thereby_o not_o only_o to_o strengthen_v our_o former_a argument_n but_o also_o to_o avoid_v some_o cunning_a delusion_n which_o may_v deceive_v the_o unskilful_a reader_n of_o those_o book_n entitle_v lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la pag._n 409._o and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n p._n 16._o wherein_o the_o author_n gerard_n malines_n let_v down_o the_o admirable_a feat_n as_o he_o term_v they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n with_o the_o use_n and_o power_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o how_o these_o wonder_n may_v be_v effect_v he_o altogether_o omit_v leave_v the_o reader_n in_o a_o strange_a opinion_n of_o these_o dark_a mystery_n which_o i_o can_v think_v he_o do_v for_o want_v of_o knowledge_n for_o i_o find_v he_o skilful_a in_o many_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v both_o write_a and_o collect_v concern_v the_o affair_n of_o merchant_n and_o in_o particular_a he_o discourse_v well_o of_o divers_a uses_n form_n and_o passage_n of_o the_o exchange_n in_o all_o which_o as_o he_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o so_o do_v his_o work_n of_o this_o kind_n deserve_v much_o praise_n but_o where_o he_o have_v disguise_v his_o own_o knowledge_n with_o sophistry_n to_o further_a some_o private_a end_n by_o hurt_v the_o public_a good_a there_o ought_v he_o to_o be_v discover_v and_o prevent_v unto_o which_o performance_n in_o this_o discourse_n of_o treasure_n i_o find_v myself_o oblige_v and_o therefore_o i_o intend_v to_o effect_v it_o by_o show_v the_o true_a cause_n and_o mean_n whereby_o these_o wonder_n be_v do_v which_o malines_n attribute_v to_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o first_o for_o order_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o set_v down_o the_o particular_a feat_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o his_o say_a book_n the_o admirable_a feat_n to_o be_v do_v by_o exchange_n 1._o to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o any_o exchange_n lie_v 2._o to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o meddle_v with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n 3._o to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n and_o never_o bring_v peny_n nor_o pennyworth_n into_o the_o realm_n but_o do_v that_o with_o the_o subject_n mony_n 4._o to_o grow_v rich_a and_o live_v without_o adventure_n at_o sea_n or_o travel_n 5._o to_o do_v great_a feat_n have_v credit_n and_o yet_o to_o be_v nought_o worth_a 6._o to_o understand_v whether_o in_o conjecture_v their_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o buy_v of_o ware_n will_v be_v more_o profit_n 7._o to_o know_v certain_o what_o the_o merchant_n gain_n upon_o their_o ware_n they_o sell_v and_o buy_v 8._o to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n that_o continual_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o whether_o they_o gain_v or_o no._n 9_o to_o wind_v out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n ☜_o ☜_o who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n 10._o to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v thither_o where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v and_o pay_v for_o it_o 11._o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n that_o keep_v his_o ware_n upon_o interest-money_n if_o the_o enemy_n will_v seek_v it_o 12._o to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_v of_o their_o ware_n in_o any_o contract_n until_o they_o make_v they_o come_v to_o their_o price_n 13._o to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n either_o new_a come_v or_o whereof_o they_o have_v some_o store_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o that_o commodity_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o sell_v both_o at_o their_o pleasure_n 14._o to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n mony_n 15._o to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o his_o own_o or_o any_o other_o prince_n base_a mony_n 16._o to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o to_o turn_v into_o his_o fine_a money_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o deliverer_n with_o his_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o 17._o to_o take_v upon_o credit_n into_o their_o hand_n for_o a_o time_n all_o the_o merchant_n money_n that_o will_v be_v deliver_v and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o 18._o to_o make_v the_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_a the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_a and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n 19_o to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n be_v such_o that_o the_o great_a house_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o another_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o 20._o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o commodity_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a 21._o to_o compass_v ready_a money_n to_o get_v any_o ossered_a bargain_n out_o of_o another_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o by_o out-bidding_a other_o oftentimes_o to_o raise_v the_o ware_n 22._o to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n 23._o to_o keep_v prince_n for_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o 24._o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o that_o value_n as_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v they_o be_v then_o at_o by_o exchange_n in_o the_o country_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v if_o i_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o amplify_v in_o the_o explanation_n of_o these_o wonder_n they_o will_v afford_v i_o matter_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o large_a volume_n but_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o do_v it_o as_o brief_o as_o possible_o i_o may_v without_o obscurity_n and_o before_o i_o begin_v i_o can_v choose_v but_o laugh_v to_o think_v how_o a_o worthy_a lawyer_n may_v be_v deject_v in_o his_o laudable_a study_n when_o he_o shall_v see_v more_o cunning_a in_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o a_o little_a part_n of_o the_o merchant_n profession_n than_o in_o all_o the_o lawcase_n of_o his_o learned_a author_n for_o this_o exchange_n go_v beyond_o conjure_v i_o think_v very_o that_o neither_o doctor_n faustus_n nor_o bank_n his_o horse_n can_v ever_o do_v such_o admirable_a feat_n although_o it_o be_v sure_a they_o have_v a_o devil_n to_o help_v they_o but_o we_o merchant_n deal_v not_o with_o such_o spirit_n we_o delight_v not_o to_o be_v think_v the_o worker_n of_o lie_v wonder_n and_o therefore_o i_o endeavour_v here_o to_o show_v the_o plainness_n of_o our_o deal_v in_o these_o suppose_a feat_n to_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o laudable_a course_n of_o trade_n and_o first_o to_o lay_v our_o money_n with_o gain_n to_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o exchange_n lie_v how_o can_v this_o be_v do_v will_n some_o man_n say_v for_o amsterdam_n when_o the_o loss_n by_o exchange_n be_v sometime_o eight_o or_o ten_o per_fw-la cent._n more_o or_o less_o for_o one_o month_n usance_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o here_o i_o must_v consider_v exchange_n the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n of_o loss_n by_o exchange_n first_o that_o the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n of_o this_o loss_n be_v a_o great_a value_n in_o ware_n bring_v from_o amsterdam_n than_o we_o carry_v thither_o which_o make_v more_o deliverer_n than_o taker_n here_o by_o exchange_n whereby_o the_o money_n be_v undervalue_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o taker_n hereupon_o the_o deliverer_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v lose_v by_o his_o money_n do_v consider_v those_o country_n unto_o which_o we_o carry_v more_o ware_n in_o value_n than_o we_o receive_v from_o they_o as_o namely_o spain_n italy_n and_o other_o to_o which_o place_n he_o be_v sure_a for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a that_o he_o shall_v ever_o deliver_v his_o money_n with_o profit_n but_o now_o you_o will_v say_v that_o the_o money_n be_v further_a from_o amsterdam_n than_o before_o how_o shall_v it_o be_v get_v together_o yes_o well_o enough_o and_o the_o far_o about_o will_v prove_v the_o near_a way_n home_o if_o it_o come_v at_o last_o

manner_n of_o keep_v their_o account_n i_o have_v note_v but_o money_n find_v some_o variation_n and_o diversity_n by_o reason_n of_o trade_n i_o will_v brief_o touch_v the_o same_o first_o then_o messina_n coin_n current_a in_o messina_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o italy_n be_v worth_a 14_o tarry_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o place_n they_o account_v 12_o tarry_v a_o tarry_v as_o in_o palermo_n 20_o grain_n be_v 2_o carlin_n a_o ounce_n be_v as_o in_o palermo_n 30_o tarry_v a_o grain_n be_v 5_o pecoly_n a_o florence_n ducat_n do_v pass_v for_o 11_o tarry_v 4_o gr_n a_o ducat_n of_o camera_n of_o rome_n for_o 12_o tarry_v 6_o gr_n a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n of_o naples_n for_o 10_o tarry_v 16⅔_n gr_n a_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v 12_o tarry_v a_o livre_fw-fr of_o gross_a of_o venice_n be_v 3_o ounce_n 21_o tarry_v 1_o gr_n one_o pound_n gross_a of_o aver_v be_v 1_o ounce_n and_o 10_o tarry_v marvedy_n 29½_n of_o spain_n be_v one_o tarry_v and_o a_o pound_n sterling_n be_v here_o note_n note_n the_o weight_n of_o messina_n be_v find_v to_o be_v two_o the_o first_o be_v the_o gross_a cantar_n whereby_o be_v weigh_v all_o manner_n of_o food_n flesh_n caviar_n fish_n tonnies_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o the_o second_o cantar_n and_o have_v produce_v by_o computation_n pound_n english_a 196_o in_o 198_o pound_n and_o the_o small_a cantar_n contain_v as_o the_o former_a 100_o rotolos_n of_o 30_o ounce_n or_o 2½_n pound_n siciliano_n do_v agree_v with_o the_o sum_n mention_v in_o palermo_n as_o be_v the_o common_a weight_n of_o all_o the_o island_n and_o account_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o be_v 173_o pound_n but_o find_v by_o experience_n of_o some_o english_a merchant_n 184_o pound_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o trial_n and_o they_o account_v 20_o pesos_n to_o make_v a_o subtle_a cantar_n and_o 22_o peso_n the_o gross_a which_o be_v the_o general_a cantar_n of_o palia_n messina_n measure_n in_o messina_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o same_o as_o mention_v in_o palermo_n which_o be_v the_o cane_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n for_o length_n and_o the_o salmo_n divide_v into_o 16_o tomolos_n for_o corn_n and_o so_o forth_o as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a handle_v under_o the_o chapter_n of_o palermo_n as_o serve_v for_o great_a use_n to_o the_o merchant_n that_o traffic_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n messina_n custom_n of_o messina_n all_o stuff_n of_o linen_n or_o woollen_a measurable_a of_o this_o kingdom_n sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v at_o messina_n 6½_n per_fw-la cent_n all_o commodity_n of_o weight_n from_o without_o the_o kingdom_n sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v at_o messina_n 3_o per_fw-mi cent_n remove_v from_o ship_n to_o ship_n pay_v 3_o per_fw-mi cent_n or_o 3¼_n all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v convey_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o port_n of_o messina_n pay_v 6⅓_n per_fw-la cent_n messina_n fair_n of_o messina_n unless_o at_o the_o fair●…_n when_o as_o some_o commodity_n pay_v less_o than_o some_o other_o so_o that_o silk_n than_o pay_v only_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n i_o have_v note_v a_o old_a print_a observation_n between_o london_n and_o messina_n to_o be_v thus_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o trial_n that_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o palermo_n be_v in_o london_n 172_o l._n the_o 100_o l._n of_o messina_n in_o silk_n make_v silk_n weight_n in_o london_n 43½_n and_o the_o rotolo_n of_o palermo_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 1_o l._n 9_o conce_n the_o 100_o yard_n have_v make_v 44½_n cane_n and_o that_o the_o cane_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 2¼_n yard_n or_o ell_n 1½_n goad_n of_o freeze_v and_o cotton_v and_o thus_o i_o will_v leave_v this_o city_n and_o island_n and_o sail_v to_o malta_n malta_n malta_n malta_n be_v the_o next_o island_n of_o note_n in_o these_o sea_n famous_v more_o by_o the_o knight_n the_o now_o possessor_n than_o by_o any_o traffic_n that_o be_v find_v therein_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o st._n paul_n suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o where_o he_o shake_v the_o viper_n from_o his_o hand_n into_o the_o flame_n which_o yet_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v persuade_v traveller_n have_v leave_v some_o virtue_n and_o relic_n thereof_o behind_o he_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o it_o abound_v in_o cotton-wooll_n orange_n lemon_n citron_n honey_n wax_n and_o some_o other_o fruit_n the_o town_n of_o note_n be_v valetta_n saint_n hermes_n and_o malta_n and_o some_o other_o corsica_n corsica_n corsica_n be_v the_o next_o and_o seat_v opposite_a to_o genoa_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v be_v 300_o mile_n in_o compass_n bastia_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o genoese_a governor_n with_o a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o principal_a port_n for_o ship_n be_v saint_n florence_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o saint_n boniface_n in_o the_o south_n the_o commodity_n thereof_o be_v oil_n fig_n rai●…s_n wates_n honey_n wax_n alum_n boxwood_n iron_n good_a horse_n and_o fierce_a mastiff_n little_o other_o comm●ities_n it_o afford_v not_o their_o weight_n and_o measure_n agree_v with_o genoa_n sardinia_n sardinia_n sardinia_n be_v the_o next_o and_o account_v 550_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o spaniard_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n first_o cape_n luggudory_n towards_o corsica_n and_o second_o cape_n cagliares_n towards_o africa_n sardinia_n commodity_n of_o sardinia_n it_o afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n in_o good_a plenty_n and_o oil_n in_o a_o reasonable_a manner_n but_o abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o hide_n and_o cheese_n which_o in_o a_o homely_a manner_n be_v make_v here_o and_o hence_o disperse_v through_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v here_o many_o town_n such_o as_o be_v bossa_n santa_fw-it reparata_fw-la alquilastro_n and_o lasty_a callary_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o a_o word_n together_o with_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclix_o of_o callary_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o callary_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o callary_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o island_n opposite_a to_o africa_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a vice-king_n enjoy_v a_o goodly_a haven_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n and_o be_v a_o archbi●…p's_n see_v and_o well_o store_v with_o eminent_a citizen_n callary_n money_n of_o callary_n their_o money_n be_v general_o the_o money_n of_o valentia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n but_o they_o have_v proper_a to_o the_o island_n some_o copper_n or_o black_a money_n to_o which_o the_o ducat_n and_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v reduce_v and_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o that_o city_n sardinia_n weight_n in_o sardinia_n the_o common_a weight_n be_v the_o pound_n consist_v of_o 12_o ounce_n 160_o l._n thereof_o be_v their_o quinter_n be_v english_a 88_o in_o 89_o l._n and_o in_o marselia_n 101_o l._n in_o florence_n 125_o l._n circa_fw-la sardinia_n measure_n of_o sardinia_n their_o common_a measure_n be_v a_o vare_fw-la and_o a_o brace_n the_o vare_fw-la find_v to_o agree_v with_o valentia_n and_o brace_n with_o florence_n the_o first_o use_v in_o cloth_n and_o linen_n and_o the_o latter_a in_o silk_n etc._n etc._n further_a observation_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o island_n have_v not_o come_v to_o my_o hand_n therefore_o i_o will_v hence_o sail_v to_o the_o next_o island_n which_o be_v those_o of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n chap._n cclx_o of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o majorca_n be_v seat_v also_o in_o these_o sea_n 300_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o 30_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o continent_n of_o spain_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v majorca_n a_o university_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a viceroy_n minorca_n be_v nine_o mile_n distant_a from_o majorca_n and_o 150_o mile_n in_o compass_n wherein_o be_v minorca_n and_o java_n the_o principal_a town_n but_o mahon_n therein_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o excellent_a port_n able_a to_o contain_v 500_o sail_n of_o very_o great_a ship_n in_o safety_n from_o all_o weather_n whatsoever_o &c_n commodity_n of_o majorca_n &c_n &c_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n wines_n oil_n this_o last_o be_v the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n which_o the_o english_a do_v here_o lade_v above_o 500_o tun_n yearly_a and_o sometime_o more_o and_o hence_o export_v by_o they_o if_o the_o spaniard_n have_v not_o otherwise_o occasion_n for_o it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n for_o from_o hence_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o all_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a navigator_n majorca_n money_n in_o majorca_n their_o money_n have_v reference_n to_o those_o current_n in_o spain_n and_o principal_o

in_o barcelona_n and_o velentia_n and_o they_o account_v 7_o rial_n spanish_n and_o two_o marvede_n to_o make_v a_o liver_n account_n account_n by_o which_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v be_v in_o liver_n sell_v denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sold_n to_o the_o liver_n which_o liver_n be_v 3_o s._n 8_o d._n sterling_a but_o all_o commodity_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o sold_n 20_o make_v a_o liver_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 3_o s._n 8_o d._n sterling_a as_o aforesaid_a and_o they_o account_v 17_o doubler_n be_v a_o rial_n span._n majorca_n weight_n of_o majorca_n their_o weight_n be_v in_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n two_o the_o one_o the_o rotolo_n which_o 100_o rotolos_n make_v a_o cantar_n call_v the_o cantar_n barbaresco_n which_o be_v 117_o l._n of_o the_o other_o weight_n which_o they_o call_v a_o cantar_n of_o majorca_n or_o majorina_fw-la and_o consist_v of_o 104_o l._n the_o cantar_n barbaresco_n have_v make_v in_o pisa_n and_o florence_n 141_o l._n venetia_n subtle_a 163_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 103_o l._n london_n 110_o l._n the_o cantar_n majorca_n which_o be_v 104_o l._n have_v make_v in_o valentia_n 116_o l._n 104_o l._n cantar_n majorca_n in_o florence_n 120_o l._n venetia_n subtle_a 140_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 110_o l._n genoa_n 130_o l._n london_n 117_o l._n cargo_n cargo_n some_o commodity_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n of_o three_o cantars_n but_o each_o cantar_n contain_v 104_o l._n by_o which_o cargo_n be_v pepper_n ginger_n cinnamon_n rice_n spice_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o the_o cargo_n have_v make_v in_o venice_n 420_o l._n subtle_a by_o the_o cantar_n barbaresco_n be_v weigh_v wool_n hides_n skin_n metal_n lead_v tin_n and_o such_o gross_a good_n and_o fine_a good_n by_o the_o other_o cuintar_n or_o the_o cargo_n aforesaid_a etc._n measure_n in_o majorca_n etc._n etc._n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o cane_n which_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 67_o in_o 68_o inch_n which_o be_v 1_o ●_o ●_o yard_n london_n measure_n their_o measure_n of_o oil_n be_v a_o quarter_n or_o quartano_fw-la 12_o whereof_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o odour_n or_o skin_n of_o oil_n and_o 212_o quartan_n i_o have_v find_v herein_o 1617._o to_o be_v a_o tun_n of_o 236_o gallon_n and_o 214_o a_o tun_n of_o 252_o gallon_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o 41_o ●_o 4_o quartan_n have_v make_v in_o venice_n one_o miara_n and_o in_o alexandria_n have_v weigh_v 5_o cantars_n and_o 20_o rotolos_n majorca_n of_o oil_n and_o how_o they_o be_v lade_v and_o the_o account_n thereof_o make_v up_o in_o majorca_n oil_n be_v common_o lade_v at_o porcupin_n and_o be_v find_v in_o my_o time_n to_o have_v there_o these_o charge_n for_o custom_n 8_o doubler_n per_fw-la liver_n which_o be_v 7_o rial_n and_o 2_o marved._n spanish_n and_o 17_o doubler_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v a_o rial_n for_o part_v 3_o doubler_n per_fw-la od●r_n for_o measure_v 3_o den._n per_fw-la od●r_n for_o pipe_n at_o 3_o liver_n the_o pipe_n for_o sea_n custom_n at_o 9_o doub_v per_fw-la liver_n broker_v at_o 1_o den._n per_fw-la liver_n for_o halledge_n of_o the_o pipe_n at_o 5_o s._n the_o pipe_n stowage_n at_o 8_o den._n the_o pipe_n barkage_n to_o parcapin_n 2_o sol._n 6_o den._n the_o pipe_n provision_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n at_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n a_o brief_a of_o all_o which_o charge_n may_v be_v comprehend_v in_o this_o rule_n certain_o observe_v that_o account_v 214_o quartan_n to_o a_o tun_n and_o for_o every_o soldo_n that_o a_o quartan_a do_v cost_v here_o first_o penny_n if_o you_o reckon_v 47_o s._n 6_o d._n sterling_a for_o every_o the_o say_v soldo_n so_o much_o infallible_o will_v your_o tun_n of_o oil_n stand_v you_o in_o clear_a aboard_o of_o all_o charge_n and_o thus_o much_o out_o of_o my_o own_o trial_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o lade_n of_o oil_n in_o this_o place_n ivisa_fw-la ivisa_fw-la near_o unto_o these_o island_n be_v the_o island_n of_o ivisa_fw-la 100_o mile_n in_o circuit_n the_o chief_a city_n be_v ivisa_fw-la the_o chief_a commodity_n that_o it_o afford_v be_v salt_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o which_o a_o word_n chap._n cclxi_o of_o ivisa_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ivisa_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o island_n of_o ivisa_fw-la the_o chief_a city_n whereof_o be_v ivisa_fw-la consist_v whole_o in_o make_v of_o salt_n salt_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o modino_n which_o weigh_v in_o summer_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o valentia_n which_o be_v here_o in_o use_n be_v 33_o cantars_n and_o in_o winter_n 36_o cantars_n gross_a of_o the_o say_a place_n of_o valentia_n and_o correspond_v with_o other_o place_n thus_o in_o majorca_n it_o make_v cantars_n 38._o in_o florence_n staros_n 50_o in_o 52._o in_o genoa_n mine_n 9_o in_o 9½_n in_o valentia_n cassico_n 8._o in_o flanders_n 100_o lutos_fw-la which_o be_v in_o ivisa_fw-la 13_o modini_fw-la in_o london_n bushel_n their_o measure_n and_o weight_v i_o must_v refer_v to_o the_o better_o skill_v sea_n lesser_a island_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n here_o be_v also_o promentary_a pantcleria_n and_o lipara_n isle_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o naples_n as_o caprae_fw-la ischia_n ●…gitu_fw-la elba_n gades_n or_o cales_n and_o some_o other_o which_o i_o pass_v by_o and_o so_o sail_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o observe_v the_o island_n thereof_o chap._n cclxii_o of_o the_o ocean_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o be_v enter_v into_o these_o sea_n island_n northern_a island_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o most_o northern_a island_n thereof_o and_o so_o draw_v towards_o england_n the_o place_n of_o our_o abode_n and_o there_o determinate_a my_o traffic_n and_o peregrination_n in_o the_o north_n than_o the_o report_n be_v credible_a that_o the_o end_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o the_o world_n be_v wherein_o by_o late_a discovery_n be_v find_v these_o island_n willoughby_n willoughby_n first_o sir_n hugh_z willoughbie_n island_n who_o by_o his_o death_n give_v life_n and_o knowledge_n to_o we_o of_o this_o island_n search_v here_o a_o new_a way_n to_o china_n cathai_n and_o moluccos_fw-la zembla_n nova_fw-la zembla_n then_o there_o be_v nova_n zembla_n only_o discover_v else_o not_o famous_a for_o any_o thing_n friesland_n friesland_n next_o friesland_n subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o dutch_a english_a and_o french_a for_o fish_n here_o take_v in_o great_a abundance_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n only_o island_n island_n then_o have_v we_o island_n or_o icieland_n plentiful_a in_o ling_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v hallen_n and_o schasholton_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gronland_n gronland_n then_o gronland_n seat_v under_o the_o northern_a cold_a zone_n where_o their_o long_a summer_n day_n be_v three_o month_n and_o a_o half_a abound_v in_o fish_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o society_n now_o incorporate_v in_o london_n by_o the_o name_n of_o greenland_n company_n the_o trade_n whereof_o principal_o consist_v in_o fish_v of_o whale_n for_o fin_n and_o oil_n and_o only_o last_v the_o summer_n season_n and_o no_o long_o and_o then_o they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o frost_n now_o to_o come_v out_o of_o those_o cold_a sea_n to_o the_o ocean_n as_o into_o more_o temperate_a region_n 32._o orcades_n 32._o i_o meet_v in_o my_o way_n with_o the_o orcades_n or_o isle_n of_o orkney_n be_v 33_o in_o number_n pomonia_n pomonia_n the_o principal_a of_o which_o be_v pomonia_n store_v with_o tin_n and_o lead_n next_o hethie_n then_o shetland_n ancient_o imagine_v the_o last_o island_n of_o the_o world_n and_o call_v thule_n 44._o hebrides_n 44._o then_o the_o hebrides_n which_o be_v 44_o the_o prime_a whereof_o be_v ila_n abound_v in_o red_a dear_a 2._o jona_n famous_a for_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o the_o scotish_n king_n 3._o mula_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v the_o red●…nks_n the_o rest_n of_o as_o little_a note_n i_o omit_v 145_o sorling_n 145_o then_o the_o sorling_n which_o be_v 145._o the_o principal_a be_v armath_n agnes_n samson_n and_o silly_a the_o name_n give_v to_o the_o rest_n and_o other_o here_o i_o meet_v also_o with_o 5_o island_n which_o can_v be_v comprise_v within_o the_o former_a account_n man._n man._n first_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o be_v ten_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o ten_o in_o breadth_n abound_v in_o flax_n hemp_n oat_n barley_n and_o wheat_n and_o some_o cattle_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v ballacuri_n and_o russin_n or_o castletown_n anglesey_n anglesey_n then_o appear_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v account_v a_o shire_n of_o wales_n in_o length_n 24_o in_o breadth_n 10_o mile_n and_o for_o its_o abundant_a fertility_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v call_v