acceptant_fw-la drawer_n and_o endorser_n shall_v all_o fail_v and_o be_v insolvent_a than_o he_o may_v come_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n for_o satisfaction_n xlvii_o the_o possessor_n may_v demand_v the_o full_a sum_n with_o all_o the_o charge_n out_o of_o the_o good_n and_o effect_n of_o that_o fail_v acceptant_fw-la drawer_n or_o endorse_o where_o he_o first_o give_v himself_o on_o as_o creditor_n and_o what_o he_o receive_v there_o he_o may_v place_v to_o account_v in_o part_n of_o his_o demand_n and_o if_o not_o satisfy_v there_o he_o can_v demand_v the_o whole_a again_o of_o another_o but_o only_o the_o remainder_n and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o another_o till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v full_o xlviii_o if_o the_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n who_o acceptant_fw-la drawer_n and_o endorser_n be_v all_o fail_v receive_v something_o in_o part_n of_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o demand_n if_o the_o fail_v or_o the_o curator_n do_v thereupon_o demand_v a_o acquittance_n with_o a_o session_n of_o the_o action_n to_o he_o or_o they_o than_o the_o possessor_n must_v not_o acquit_v nor_o transfer_v more_o of_o his_o action_n to_o he_o or_o they_o than_o for_o the_o value_n he_o have_v receive_v xlix_o when_o the_o possessor_n have_v receive_v of_o one_o of_o the_o fail_v in_o part_n satisfaction_n of_o his_o demand_n and_o come_v to_o another_o of_o the_o fail_v to_o demand_v the_o rest_n than_o he_o can_v make_v a_o session_n of_o his_o action_n against_o he_o from_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o part_n satisfaction_n at_o first_o because_o he_o be_v there_o admit_v into_o the_o concourse_n for_o his_o whole_a demand_n and_o according_o receive_v his_o proportion_n so_o that_o nb._n though_o a_o possessor_n enter_v into_o a_o concourse_n with_o other_o creditor_n and_o take_v in_o part_n of_o his_o debt_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fail_v as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v get_v and_o thereupon_o do_v absolute_o discharge_v he_o yet_o for_o the_o remainder_n he_o may_v come_v upon_o the_o other_o endorser_n or_o drawer_n till_o his_o bill_n be_v full_o satisfy_v only_o he_o can_v transfer_v or_o transport_v his_o action_n against_o he_o who_o he_o have_v discharge_v l._n when_o a_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n who_o drawer_n acceptant_fw-la and_o endorser_n be_v all_o fail_v do_v first_o receive_v in_o part_n of_o his_o demand_n of_o one_o of_o the_o fail_v for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n be_v draw_v but_o have_v either_o draw_v or_o endorse_v or_o accept_v the_o bill_n for_o another_o account_n without_o have_v any_o effect_n in_o his_o hand_n than_o the_o possessor_n must_v enter_v with_o he_o who_o pay_v he_o in_o part_n into_o a_o concourse_n between_o themselves_o and_o both_o demand_n of_o the_o other_o or_o any_o one_o of_o they_o that_o fail_v the_o subla_fw-mi sum_n with_o the_o charge_n li._n in_o case_n of_o the_o fail_n of_o drawer_n acceptor_n or_o endorser_n of_o bill_n many_o difficult_a question_n can_v arise_v whereof_o some_o of_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v 1._o suppose_v either_o the_o drawer_n or_o acceptant_fw-la shall_v fail_v and_o the_o other_o remain_v sufficient_a quaeritur_fw-la whether_o the_o possessor_n to_o pleasure_v he_o that_o be_v yet_o sufficient_a may_v be_v not_o request_v thereto_o by_o virtue_n of_o of_o the_o bill_n enter_v upon_o a_o concourse_n or_o whether_o he_o must_v look_v to_o he_o only_o that_o be_v sufficient_a and_o leave_v the_o other_o to_o take_v care_n for_o himself_o 2._o suppose_v the_o draught_n be_v for_o account_n of_o a_o three_o person_n and_o the_o accepant_n fail_v before_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o discharge_v the_o accept_a bill_n by_o he_o for_o who_o account_n it_o be_v draw_v and_o accept_v suppose_v also_o the_o bill_n be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n the_o drawer_n shall_v prosecute_v the_o acceptant_fw-la or_o any_o other_o possossor_n shall_v do_v it_o and_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o term_n of_o agreement_n and_o the_o acceptant_fw-la do_v then_o according_o satisfy_v the_o possessor_n whoever_o he_o be_v quaeritur_fw-la what_o right_a of_o demand_v these_o either_o of_o they_o have_v one_o upon_o another_o or_o either_o or_o both_o of_o they_o upon_o he_o for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n be_v draw_v 3._o suppose_v the_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n have_v negotiate_v to_o protest_v within_o the_o day_n of_o respite_n and_o the_o acceptant_fw-la shall_v fail_v without_o have_v effect_n in_o hand_n for_o who_o account_n he_o accept_v quaeritur_fw-la whether_o the_o possessor_n may_v agree_v with_o he_o for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n be_v draw_v and_o so_o mortify_v the_o draught_n or_o whether_o he_o for_o who_o account_n it_o be_v must_v full_o satisfy_v the_o acceptant_fw-la and_o the_o possessor_n must_v be_v content_a to_o engage_v in_o a_o concourse_n with_o the_o acceptant_n creditor_n 4._o suppose_v a_o merchant_n have_v no_o other_o debt_n at_o all_o but_o one_o only_a bill_n of_o exchange_n by_o he_o draw_v for_o his_o own_o account_n who_o acceptant_fw-la fail_v he_o also_o be_v force_v to_o absent_a quraeitur_fw-la whether_o the_o possessor_n may_v seize_v upon_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o drawer_n upon_o account_n in_o part_n and_o for_o the_o remainder_n may_v be_v admit_v as_o a_o creditor_n into_o a_o concourse_n of_o the_o acceptant_n creditor_n 5._o suppose_a in_o case_n of_o the_o failure_n of_o acceptant_fw-la drawer_n and_o endorser_n the_o possessor_n shall_v first_o make_v his_o demand_n of_o the_o full_a sum_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o true_a debtor_n and_o aught_o to_o pay_v and_o the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v demand_v part_n be_v there_o satisfy_v of_o the_o endorser_n or_o any_o other_o concern_v in_o the_o bill_n that_o have_v only_o draw_v endorse_v or_o accept_v for_o another_o account_n quaeritur_fw-la whether_o in_o such_o a_o case_n this_o last_o demand_n be_v also_o satisfy_v they_o that_o pay_v to_o the_o possessor_n the_o remainder_n may_v come_v upon_o the_o person_n who_o ought_v to_o pay_v for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o have_v pay_v to_o he_o 6._o suppose_v that_o any_o merchant_n shall_v fail_v that_o have_v three_o creditor_n only_o one_o demand_n 600_o l._n stir_v for_o good_n sell_v another_o as_o much_o for_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n draw_v by_o he_o for_o his_o account_n who_o acceptant_fw-la fail_v and_o a_o three_o as_o much_o upon_o a_o obligation_n bond_n or_o bill_n for_o so_o much_o money_n deposit_v have_v no_o other_o security_n but_o his_o bare_a bond._n but_o though_o there_o be_v so_o much_o debt_n yet_o the_o fail_v debtor_n have_v no_o more_o effect_n than_o 600_o l._n stir_v in_o all_o quaeritur_fw-la 1._o whether_o this_o sum_n of_o 600_o l._n must_v equal_o be_v divide_v among_o these_o three_o creditor_n or_o not_o 7._o suppose_v again_o this_o be_v do_v the_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n shall_v come_v upon_o the_o acceptant_fw-la for_o the_o remain_v 400_o l._n sterling_n and_o shall_v there_o be_v force_v to_o enter_v with_o other_o creditor_n upon_o a_o concourse_n quaeritur_fw-la 2._o whether_o then_o the_o say_v acceptant_fw-la may_v not_o pretend_v that_o he_o pay_v so_o much_o on_o the_o foresay_a failed_n account_n and_o so_o become_v his_o creditor_n that_o another_o division_n of_o the_o foresay_a 600_o l._n aught_o to_o be_v make_v and_o he_o to_o have_v part_n thereof_o the_o same_o may_v be_v inquire_v after_o in_o case_n the_o possessor_n of_o the_o bond_n etc._n etc._n have_v any_o security_n and_o he_o force_v then_o to_o pay_v the_o remainder_n whether_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o admit_v they_o as_o creditor_n to_o the_o 600_o l._n sterling_n 8._o suppose_v that_o drawer_n acceptant_fw-la and_o endorse_a be_v all_o fail_v and_o have_v give_v their_o good_n and_o effect_n into_o the_o magistrate_n or_o any_o curators_n hand_n and_o the_o possessor_n shall_v in_o one_o place_n give_v himself_o on_o for_o the_o full_a sum_n and_o receive_v there_o something_o in_o part_n and_o so_o also_o in_o another_o place_n receive_v something_o more_o and_o after_o some_o time_n be_v expire_v more_o of_o their_o debt_n be_v come_v in_o the_o magistrate_n or_o curator_n shall_v make_v a_o second_o division_n quaeritur_fw-la whether_o the_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n at_o this_o second_o division_n must_v come_v in_o for_o a_o proportion_n according_a to_o his_o respective_a sum_n he_o former_o receive_v or_o for_o what_o sum_n he_o must_v be_v admit_v 9_o suppose_v that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v run_v betwixt_o two_o or_o more_o that_o be_v fail_v for_o one_o another_o account_n reciprocal_o and_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v open_a account_n for_o one_o another_o neither_o account_n currant_n nor_o upon_o time_n and_o yet_o both_o have_v good_n unsold_a in_o their_o hand_n quaeritur_fw-la how_o then_o the_o composition_n must_v be_v make_v and_o whether_o what_o the_o one_o have_v
the_o possessor_n ought_v to_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n before_o the_o sun_n set_v chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o leipzig_n fair_n rule_n i._o leipzig_n have_v three_o fair_n yearly_a the_o new_a year_n the_o jubilate_n and_o the_o michaelmass_o fair_a on_o which_o day_n or_o the_o day_n after_o according_a to_o the_o old_a style_n the_o say_a fair_n begin_v they_o continue_v but_o eight_o day_n wherein_o they_o trade_n and_o buy_v and_o sell_v the_o first_o or_o second_o day_n after_o the_o fair_n be_v begin_v acceptance_n be_v demand_v but_o if_o the_o acceptant_fw-la will_n he_o may_v delay_v acceptance_n till_o the_o pay_n week_n after_o the_o fair_a which_o continue_v five_o day_n after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a eight_o day_n ii_o the_o possessor_n may_v if_o he_o will_v protest_v soon_o but_o he_o must_v not_o send_v the_o bill_n away_o till_o the_o fair_a be_v whole_o conclude_v but_o must_v wait_v to_o see_v if_o any_o appear_v to_o honour_v the_o bill_n supra_fw-la protest_v no_o protest_v be_v admit_v of_o after_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o if_o the_o possessor_n protest_v not_o before_o that_o time_n he_o lose_v his_o hold_n that_o he_o have_v of_o the_o drawer_n if_o none_o appear_v to_o make_v payment_n of_o a_o protest_a bill_n within_o three_o day_n after_o the_o fair_a be_v full_o expire_v then_o may_v the_o possessor_n with_o the_o first_o post_n return_v the_o bill_n with_o the_o protest_v iii_o for_o exchange_n make_v at_o amsterdam_n on_o leipzig_n bill_n must_v instant_o be_v give_v but_o the_o acceptant_fw-la need_v not_o accept_v or_o declare_v whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o till_o the_o fair_a time_n here_o also_o bill_n that_o be_v endorse_v be_v admit_v of_o iv_o at_o naumbrough_n be_v also_o yearly_o one_o fair_a keep_v it_o begin_v on_o peter_n and_o paul_n day_n and_o be_v by_o some_o call_v a_o four_o leipziger_n fair_a in_o regard_n all_o the_o leipzig_n trader_n trade_n thither_o it_o continue_v eight_o day_n on_o the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n acceptance_n be_v demand_v and_o at_o the_o utmost_a all_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v pay_v on_o the_o three_o of_o july_n but_o if_o protest_a the_o bill_n be_v not_o return_v till_o after_o the_o five_o of_o july_n and_o after_o that_o day_n if_o no_o payment_n follow_v the_o bill_n and_o protest_v must_v be_v return_v with_o the_o first_o occasion_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o fair_a of_o lion_n in_o france_n rule_n i._o at_o lion_n in_o france_n be_v year_n four_o fair_n the_o royal_a fair_a which_o begin_v the_o monday_n after_o epiphany_n or_o three_o king_n day_n the_o easter_n fair_a which_o begin_v on_o st_n nisier_n day_n in_o april_n the_o august_n fair_a which_o begin_v on_o st_n dominick_n day_n in_o august_n the_o st_n huvert_v fair_a which_o begin_v on_o that_o day_n in_o november_n ii_o every_o fair_a have_v its_o payment_n the_o fair_a royal_a have_v its_o time_n of_o payment_n from_o the_o first_o to_o the_o last_o of_o march_n the_o easter_n payment_n begin_v the_o first_o and_o end_v the_o last_o of_o july_n the_o august_n payment_n begin_v the_o first_o and_o end_v the_o last_o of_o september_n and_o the_o st_n huvert_v payment_n begin_v the_o first_o and_o end_v the_o last_o of_o december_n iii_o at_o amsterdam_n bill_n be_v make_v payable_a at_o the_o ensue_a or_o present_a payment_n but_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a before_o one_o payment_n have_v begin_v to_o negotiate_v on_o a_o follow_a but_o on_o a_o second_o or_o three_o payment_n iu_o bill_n for_o parcel_n negotiate_v on_o lion_n must_v instant_o be_v give_v and_o that_o before_o the_o remitter_n pay_v the_o value_n but_o bill_n make_v payable_a at_o the_o fair_a be_v not_o payable_a till_o the_o payment_n of_o that_o fair_a whereof_o they_o be_v make_v payable_a nor_o need_v they_o be_v accept_v till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o six_o day_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o respective_a payment_n but_o no_o long_o within_o which_o time_n protest_v must_v be_v make_v all_o acceptance_n must_v be_v make_v in_o writing_n v._n none_o can_v by_o a_o full_a power_n negotiate_v or_o accept_v any_o bill_n unless_o he_o first_o show_v his_o full_a power_n to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o fair_a and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v register_v which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o fair_n as_o well_o as_o at_o lion_n and_o without_o this_o no_o full_a power_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o any_o effect_n against_o the_o principal_a but_o the_o creditor_n must_v look_v to_o he_o who_o pretend_v the_o full_a power_n vi_o protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n need_v not_o be_v send_v away_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o respective_a term_n of_o payment_n but_o advice_n must_v be_v give_v thereof_o before_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n begin_v the_o day_n after_o the_o aforesaid_a six_o day_n of_o acceptance_n be_v expire_v unless_o it_o be_v a_o holiday_n and_o then_o the_o day_n after_o and_z continues_z to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n none_o may_v pay_v a_o bill_n before_o the_o six_o day_n but_o on_o his_o own_o hazard_n and_o after_o the_o last_o day_n of_o payment_n the_o possessor_n may_v refuse_v if_o he_o will_v to_o accept_v of_o payment_n and_o may_v return_v the_o bill_n and_o protest_v and_o demand_v re-change_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o endorse_o but_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n may_v be_v make_v any_o time_n within_o three_o day_n after_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n be_v end_v if_o then_o not_o make_v the_o drawer_n and_o endorser_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o answer_v vii_o possessor_n of_o protest_a bill_n must_v seek_v their_o redress_n on_o the_o drawer_n and_o endorser_n within_o a_o certain_a and_o fix_a time_n viz._n all_o bill_n draw_v or_o make_v within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n within_o two_o month_n time_n draw_v on_o italy_n sweitzerland_n england_n holland_n germany_n and_o flanders_n within_o three_o month_n time_n spanish_n portugal_n polonia_n sweeden_n denmark_n bill_n within_o six_o month_n time_n or_o else_o he_o lose_v his_o redress_n on_o the_o drawer_n and_o endorser_n viii_o all_o bill_n payable_a in_o any_o payment_n be_v account_v full_o pay_v and_o satisfy_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n within_o one_o year_n and_o of_o stranger_n within_o three_o year_n after_o the_o same_o shall_v have_v be_v pay_v and_o the_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n have_v no_o redress_n on_o the_o acceptant_fw-la after_o such_o a_o time_n unless_o he_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o endeavour_v to_o procure_v payment_n and_o can_v not_o chap._n xxxv_o of_o debt-exchange_n rule_n i._o in_o a_o pure_a and_o real_a exchange_n the_o drawer_n receive_v money_n of_o the_o remitter_n and_o give_v bill_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o he_o promise_v himself_o or_o by_o his_o order_n to_o pay_v the_o value_n he_o receive_v according_a to_o the_o condition_n in_o ready_a money_n but_o in_o mix_v or_o debt_n exchange_n the_o drawer_n receive_v no_o money_n but_o be_v debtor_n and_o give_v bill_n to_o his_o creditor_n who_o be_v reckon_v and_o account_v of_o as_o the_o remitter_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n ii_o such_o bill_n be_v make_v either_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o old_a debt_n or_o else_o to_o assure_v the_o creditor_n of_o precise_a payment_n for_o those_o good_n the_o debtor_n have_v buy_v at_o time_n iii_o whether_o the_o debtor_n make_v the_o bill_n payable_a by_o himself_o or_o by_o any_o other_o or_o whether_o the_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n agree_v about_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n or_o not_o the_o debt_n do_v change_v its_o nature_n and_o the_o debtor_n that_o give_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n upon_o himself_o or_o another_o do_v make_v himself_o liable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o exchange_n and_o may_v upon_o failure_n of_o payment_n be_v prosecute_v with_o ready_a execution_n attachment_n upon_o good_n and_o arrest_v upon_o his_o person_n iv_o a_o wise_a creditor_n will_v at_o the_o receipt_n of_o such_o a_o bill_n from_o his_o debtor_n make_v a_o absolute_a agreement_n and_o contract_n concern_v the_o course_n and_o present_o upon_o the_o receipt_n thereof_o credit_v his_o account_n of_o good_n and_o debit_fw-la his_o account_n currant_n for_o the_o value_n v._o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o a_o bill_n to_o express_v whether_o the_o value_n be_v pay_v in_o money_n or_o be_v resconter_v or_o in_o good_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o debtor_n do_v but_o effectual_o receive_v the_o value_n or_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o discharge_n or_o lessen_v his_o debt_n vi_o he_o that_o give_v a_o bill_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o old_a debt_n or_o for_o good_n buy_v etc._n etc._n he_o must_v demand_v of_o his_o creditor_n a_o
who_o pay_v his_o bill_n in_o this_o kind_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o debtor_n himself_o or_o two_o any_o other_o by_o his_o order_n and_o in_o his_o name_n or_o three_o without_o his_o order_n supra_fw-la protest_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o bill_n or_o four_o without_o either_o order_n or_o protest_v if_o any_o be_v so_o foolish_a the_o creditor_n may_v from_o any_o of_o these_o safe_o receive_v his_o money_n and_o transfer_v his_o action_n if_o he_o please_v 5thly_a yea_o if_o any_o will_v pay_v against_o order_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o a_o full_a discharge_n of_o the_o debtor_n be_v require_v not_o only_o a_o surrender_n and_o delivery_n and_o a_o discharge_v or_o acquittance_n upon_o the_o bill_n but_o he_o must_v observe_v to_o who_o he_o pay_v and_o payment_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o debtor_n be_v only_o good_a when_o it_o be_v make_v one_a to_o one_o sufficient_o authorize_v and_o qualify_v to_o receive_v and_o discharge_v as_o he_o be_v two_o to_o who_o it_o be_v orderly_o last_v assign_v and_o endorse_v or_o three_o to_o he_o with_o who_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v if_o there_o be_v no_o endorsment_n or_o four_o to_o he_o for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n be_v or_o 5th_o to_o a_o servant_n of_o any_o of_o these_o who_o have_v ordinary_o for_o his_o master_n receive_v money_n and_o give_v receipt_n whereof_o the_o master_n have_v approve_v or_o six_o to_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n or_o seven_o to_o any_o that_o the_o remitter_n and_o the_o drawer_n shall_v agree_v upon_o in_o case_n they_o revoke_v their_o first_o order_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v for_o the_o remitter_n or_o for_o any_o three_o account_n for_o then_o though_o it_o be_v orderly_o assign_v and_o endorse_v to_o another_o who_o be_v only_o as_o the_o remitter_n factor_n if_o the_o remitter_n forbid_v the_o acceptant_fw-la to_o pay_v he_o he_o must_v not_o pay_v but_o upon_o his_o own_o hazard_n but_o must_v pay_v to_o he_o who_o the_o remitter_n order_n concern_v this_o see_v chap._n 16._o to_o all_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o if_o the_o acceptant_fw-la pay_v mala_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessori_fw-la ignorant_o that_o payment_n be_v good_a if_o the_o bill_n otherwise_o in_o all_o its_o formality_n be_v perfect_a etc._n etc._n improper_a payment_n have_v all_o the_o effect_n and_o virtue_n of_o a_o proper_a payment_n though_o it_o be_v not_o make_v in_o a_o precise_a species_n nor_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n yet_o it_o discharge_v the_o debtor_n as_o effectual_o only_o the_o creditor_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v this_o as_o he_o may_v be_v to_o take_v the_o other_o and_o it_o must_v be_v make_v only_o to_o the_o true_a owner_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o one_o that_o have_v his_o order_n to_o accept_v of_o such_o payment_n else_o it_o be_v not_o good_a nor_o sufficient_a nor_o will_v the_o debtor_n be_v thereby_o discharge_v if_o the_o true_a owner_n order_n have_v only_o a_o simple_a order_n to_o receive_v payment_n and_o not_o positive_o such_o payment_n because_o no_o order_n of_o the_o true_a owner_n and_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n have_v power_n to_o alter_v the_o tenor_n thereof_o whereas_o if_o the_o true_a owner_n resconter_v or_o order_v his_o order_n so_o to_o do_v or_o take_v payment_n in_o good_n or_o otherwise_o in_o word_n declare_v himself_o satisfy_v or_o order_v he_o to_o satisfy_v any_o other_o for_o the_o value_n or_o to_o resconter_v with_o any_o other_o though_o there_o be_v in_o all_o this_o no_o actual_a payment_n of_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la yet_o the_o payment_n be_v good_a case_n 3._o a_o possessor_n have_v several_a bill_n upon_o one_o person_n and_o they_o all_o fall_v due_a near_o upon_o one_o time_n part_n he_o pay_v and_o the_o other_o part_n he_o pay_v not_o till_o a_o day_n or_o two_o after_o yet_o within_o the_o respite_n day_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o fail_v and_o can_v pay_v at_o all_o the_o question_n be_v for_o who_o account_n that_o shall_v be_v that_o be_v pay_v or_o whether_o the_o receiver_n have_v power_n to_o place_v it_o to_o what_o account_n he_o please_v answ_n 1._o if_o the_o debtor_n express_v and_o declare_v on_o what_o account_n he_o pay_v if_o the_o creditor_n or_o receiver_n be_v silent_a and_o so_o receive_v it_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v for_o that_o account_n yea_o though_o there_o remain_v another_o sum_n then_o due_a for_o which_o the_o drawer_n have_v give_v security_n and_o so_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o prejudicium_fw-la tertij_fw-la yea_o and_o though_o the_o creditor_n have_v engage_v not_o to_o act_v against_o the_o surety_n till_o he_o have_v first_o excuse_v the_o principal_a debtor_n and_o as_o on_o one_o hand_n the_o surety_n can_v just_o complain_v of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n for_o so_o do_v because_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o do_v with_o his_o own_o as_o he_o please_v at_o that_o time_n and_o so_o pay_v for_o what_o account_n he_o will_v so_o neither_o can_v it_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o surety_n or_o of_o the_o creditor_n be_v alter_v though_o the_o debtor_n himself_o consent_n because_o when_o once_o pay_v it_o be_v no_o more_o the_o debtor_n nor_o have_v he_o any_o further_a disposal_n over_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v to_o defraud_v the_o security_n because_o the_o payment_n be_v real_a and_o upon_o a_o real_a account_n but_o if_o the_o creditor_n have_v act_v at_o law_n against_o the_o debtor_n and_o procure_v execution_n against_o he_o and_o so_o have_v seize_v on_o his_o effect_n and_o expose_v they_o to_o sale_n to_o pay_v himself_o than_o the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o for_o then_o the_o debt_n for_o which_o there_o be_v surety_n or_o pledge_n give_v must_v first_o be_v discharge_v or_o else_o the_o creditor_n do_v not_o as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v to_o 2._o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v silent_a when_o the_o creditor_n say_v he_o receive_v for_o such_o and_o such_o account_n than_o such_o payment_n must_v be_v for_o such_o account_n because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o creditor_n herein_o act_n as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v debtor_n 3._o if_o one_o of_o they_o choose_v and_o the_o other_o in_o that_o moment_n contradict_v the_o debtor_n choice_n must_v be_v prefer_v and_o if_o the_o creditor_n will_v not_o receive_v for_o those_o account_n he_o shall_v not_o receive_v at_o all_o or_o if_o receive_v he_o ought_v to_o make_v restitution_n or_o place_v it_o to_o account_v as_o the_o debtor_n will_v have_v it_o 4._o if_o both_o be_v silent_a as_o to_o the_o account_v the_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o receive_v upon_o or_o if_o they_o will_v defer_v it_o till_o another_o time_n to_o resolve_v upon_o which_o can_v lawful_o be_v admit_v then_o the_o old_a debt_n must_v first_o be_v satisfy_v and_o if_o they_o be_v alike_o old_a then_o causa_fw-la durioris_fw-la must_v be_v prefer_v because_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a as_o if_o any_o surety_n be_v engage_v for_o the_o debtor_n in_o this_o case_n it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_o that_o he_o shall_v suffer_v yet_o 5._o if_o the_o debt_n be_v for_o interest_n and_o principal_n and_o the_o debtor_n pay_v any_o money_n upon_o that_o account_n though_o the_o principal_n be_v heavy_a yet_o the_o law_n always_o suppose_v that_o the_o interest_n must_v first_o be_v pay_v because_o man_n usual_o gather_v the_o fruit_n before_o they_o pull_v up_o the_o tree_n so_o also_o 6._o if_o there_o be_v a_o surety_n for_o one_o part_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o a_o pledge_n for_o the_o other_o though_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o the_o former_a case_n the_o debtor_n nor_o the_o creditor_n speak_v not_o a_o word_n about_o it_o or_o though_o they_o do_v speak_v yet_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o money_n pay_v be_v first_o to_o discharge_v that_o part_n for_o which_o there_o be_v security_n give_v and_o not_o for_o that_o for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o pledge_n because_o the_o creditor_n can_v sell_v the_o pledge_n when_o he_o please_v and_o so_o pay_v himself_o case_n 4._o whether_o prescription_n be_v good_a payment_n and_o how_o soon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n may_v be_v prescribe_v answ_n prescription_n be_v improper_a payment_n yet_o be_v it_o have_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o real_a payment_n sometime_o we_o must_v therefore_o inquire_v how_o soon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n may_v be_v prescribe_v and_o to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o accept_v and_o due_o protest_a bill_n or_o protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n can_v never_o be_v prescribe_v if_o demand_n be_v constant_o make_v but_o if_o a_o palpable_a negligence_n or_o silence_n can_v be_v interpret_v for_o consent_n and_o that_o out_o of_o such_o a_o consent_n prescription_n can_v arise_v especial_o the_o
or_o cashier_n on_o who_o he_o assign_v than_o the_o payment_n be_v not_o good_a 4._o suppose_v i_o be_o your_o debtor_n and_o i_o order_v my_o debtor_n to_o pay_v you_o and_o he_o pay_v not_o but_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o whether_o be_v this_o my_o debtor_n discharge_v from_o i_o answ_n in_o the_o affirmative_a and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o my_o creditor_n till_o he_o pay_v he_o for_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o assignation_n to_o loose_v the_o assignor_n from_o the_o assign_n and_o the_o assign_v upon_o and_o the_o obligation_n remain_v only_o betwixt_o he_o on_o who_o be_v assign_v and_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v assign_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o consideration_n in_o the_o second_o immediate_o forego_v case_n with_o which_o the_o common_a practice_n agree_v and_o if_o this_o assignation_n will_v discharge_v i_o from_o my_o creditor_n much_o more_o will_v it_o discharge_v my_o debtor_n from_o i_o 5._o suppose_v i_o be_o your_o debtor_n upon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o i_o can_v pay_v in_o present_a money_n but_o give_v you_o security_n in_o good_n in_o stead_n of_o present_a payment_n promise_v to_o pay_v within_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o else_o that_o you_o shall_v keep_v the_o good_n for_o payment_n whereof_o you_o accept_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v come_v you_o not_o be_v desirous_a to_o keep_v those_o good_n desire_v payment_n in_o money_n to_o which_o i_o reply_v that_o i_o be_o not_o oblige_v to_o do_v that_o because_o we_o agree_v if_o i_o pay_v not_o within_o that_o time_n you_o shall_v keep_v those_o good_n for_o payment_n which_o of_o these_o have_v the_o better_a law_n answ_n some_o say_v the_o debtor_n have_v the_o better_a case_n because_o here_o be_v a_o clear_a and_o express_v covent_n and_o contract_n and_o these_o must_v be_v observe_v beside_o that_o in_o alternativis_fw-la electio_fw-la est_fw-la debitoris_fw-la as_o the_o law_n say_v other_o say_v the_o creditor_n have_v the_o better_a cafe_z because_o this_o give_v of_o good_n in_o payment_n be_v only_o for_o security_n in_o case_n the_o debtor_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v and_o it_o be_v the_o creditor_n courtesy_n to_o accept_v hereof_o or_o if_o the_o debtor_n think_v he_o do_v the_o creditor_n a_o courtesy_n then_o he_o ought_v not_o now_o to_o make_v it_o turn_v to_o his_o prejudice_n and_o loss_n beside_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o he_o that_o have_v a_o pledge_n for_o a_o debt_n may_v if_o he_o please_v sell_v the_o same_o and_o pay_v himself_o if_o the_o debtor_n redeem_v it_o not_o within_o the_o appoint_a time_n and_o all_o this_o serve_v to_o confirm_v what_o be_v before_o assert_v case_v 7._o case_n 8._o but_o if_o i_o give_v you_o 100_o l._n sterling_n on_o exchange_n &_o you_o make_v i_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a by_o peter_n if_o peter_n fail_v before_o he_o pay_v his_o acceptance_n signify_v nothing_o and_o i_o can_v compel_v you_o to_o pay_v i_o if_o i_o due_o make_v protest_v answ_n in_o this_o case_n this_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n have_v not_o bim_n et_fw-fr effectum_fw-la solutionis_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o common_a ordinary_a case_n far_o different_a from_o that_o seven_o case_n forego_v for_o here_o be_v no_o assignation_n or_o novation_n for_o this_o be_v all_o this_o whole_a one_o and_o the_o same_o contract_n whereas_o in_o the_o other_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o new_a contract_n destructive_a of_o the_o former_a nay_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o contractus_fw-la cessionis_fw-la which_o suppose_v the_o acceptant_fw-la to_o be_v the_o drawer_n debtor_n always_o and_o if_o it_o be_v yet_o here_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o such_o contract_n wherefore_o these_o bill_n be_v only_o a_o bare_a order_n to_o the_o acceptant_fw-la to_o pay_v and_o the_o possessor_n be_v in_o this_o as_o a_o messenger_n and_o servant_n to_o demand_v payment_n only_o wherefore_o this_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a practice_n of_o merchant_n be_v never_o doubt_v of_o case_n 9_o tullius_n of_o london_n give_v 100_o l._n to_o john_n and_o francis_n who_o give_v he_o bill_n to_o receive_v the_o value_n at_o amsterdam_n payable_a by_o francis_n to_o mark_n tullius_n have_v receive_v the_o bill_n enclose_v they_o in_o a_o letter_n of_o advice_n direct_v to_o mark_n and_o throw_v the_o letter_n into_o the_o posthouse_n this_o letter_n of_o advice_n and_o bill_n be_v intercept_v by_o a_o unknown_a person_n who_o in_o mark_n be_v name_n have_v counterfeit_v his_o hand_n goes_z and_o receive_v the_o money_n of_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n tullius_n not_o know_v whether_o the_o bill_n be_v pay_v or_o not_o and_o afterward_o advise_v that_o mark_v never_o receive_v any_o such_o bill_n he_o send_v he_o other_o bill_n which_o he_o procure_v of_o john_n and_o francis_n for_o the_o same_o sum_n which_o receive_v mark_v demand_n payment_n of_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o who_o francis_n reply_v that_o he_o have_v already_o pay_v the_o first_o bill_n whereupon_o tullius_n be_v advise_v thereof_o demand_v restitution_n of_o john_n and_o francis_n or_o else_o order_v they_o to_o be_v pay_v this_o john_n and_o francis_n refuse_v to_o do_v allege_v they_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o this_o case_n the_o doubt_n be_v whether_o john_n and_o francis_n of_o london_n must_v be_v alternative_a condemn_v either_o to_o make_v restitution_n or_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o whether_o they_o remain_v debtor_n to_o francis_n who_o pay_v before_o upon_o their_o order_n or_o whether_o francis_n must_v seek_v his_o regress_n on_o he_o to_o who_o he_o pay_v true_o or_o whether_o john_n and_o francis_n of_o london_n and_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v all_o discharge_v only_a john_n and_o francis_n must_v transfer_v to_o tullius_n actionem_fw-la furtevam_fw-la against_o he_o that_o receive_v the_o money_n answ_n john_n and_o francis_n must_v alternative_o be_v condemn_v as_o above_o and_o do_v not_o remain_v francis_n of_o amsterdam_n his_o debtor_n for_o what_o be_v pay_v by_o he_o nor_o can_v they_o be_v molest_v by_o he_o as_o have_v pay_v nothing_o by_o their_o order_n to_o their_o order_n so_o that_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n must_v seek_v his_o redress_n on_o he_o to_o who_o he_o pay_v the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o john_n and_o francis_n be_v tullius_n his_o debtor_n till_o the_o bill_n be_v pay_v to_o he_o or_o his_o order_n 2._o though_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n will_v endeavour_v to_o defend_v himself_o allege_v that_o he_o pay_v to_o one_o who_o he_o have_v just_a ground_n to_o believe_v be_v the_o true_a order_n of_o john_n and_o francis_n and_o that_o therefore_o upon_o his_o transfer_v of_o the_o action_n to_o francis_n he_o must_v be_v say_v to_o have_v pay_v well_o for_o he_o pay_v to_o he_o that_o present_v the_o bill_n and_o do_v assert_v that_o he_o be_v that_o mark_n nominate_v in_o they_o and_o he_o know_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v real_o the_o bill_n of_o john_n and_o francis_n he_o therefore_o pay_v bonâ_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o for_o he_o to_o suspect_v the_o bill_n to_o have_v fall_v in_o wrong_a hand_n the_o remitter_n shall_v have_v better_o look_v to_o they_o etc._n etc._n yet_o all_o this_o and_o as_o much_o more_o will_v not_o excuse_v he_o for_o this_o just_a ground_n of_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o true_a order_n of_o the_o drawer_n will_v only_o excuse_v the_o debtor_n and_o acceptant_fw-la if_o the_o debt_n be_v of_o a_o certain_a individual_a species_n or_o thing_n not_o if_o the_o debt_n be_v in_o genere_fw-la seu_fw-la quantitate_fw-la for_o he_o that_o be_v indebt_v any_o certain_a thing_n be_v discharge_v if_o the_o thing_n be_v lose_v non_fw-la interveniente_fw-la dolo_fw-la vel_fw-la calpâ_fw-la and_o so_o also_o upon_o the_o delivery_n thereof_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la facta_fw-la but_o in_o the_o pay_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n it_o be_v otherwise_o beside_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v order_v to_o pay_v to_o mark_n not_o to_o the_o bearer_n and_o by_o pay_v to_o he_o he_o exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o his_o commission_n nor_o do_v he_o use_v that_o diligence_n which_o he_o shall_v and_o will_v have_v do_v in_o his_o own_o case_n see_v he_o will_v not_o but_o suspect_v and_o know_v that_o such_o case_n do_v often_o happen_v or_o at_o least_o may_v and_o he_o shall_v not_o pay_v but_o to_o a_o certain_a and_o know_a person_n wherefore_o he_o be_v faulty_a his_o negligence_n can_v prejudice_n none_o but_o himself_o object_n but_o if_o john_n and_o francis_n demand_v restitution_n of_o the_o bill_n when_o tullius_n demand_v restitution_n of_o the_o money_n for_o francis_n of_o amsterdam_n will_v not_o part_v with_o they_o answ_n this_o notwithstanding_o john_n and_o francis_n must_v make_v restitution_n for_o the_o bill_n
the_o style_n of_o exchange_n contain_v both_o their_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o practise_a now_o in_o the_o most_o considerable_a place_n of_o exchange_n in_o europe_n unfolding_a divers_a mystery_n and_o direct_v every_o person_n howsoever_o concern_v in_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o observe_v in_o any_o case_n in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o security_n translate_v out_o of_o low_a &_o high-dutch_a french_a and_o italian-latine_a author_n the_o whole_a be_v methodical_o digest_v into_o chapter_n and_o section_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o index_n any_o particular_a case_n may_v ready_o be_v find_v by_o john_n scarlett_n merchant_n of_o the_o eastland_n company_n london_n print_v for_o john_n bringhurst_n printer_n and_o stationer_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o book_n in_o grace-church-street_n near_o cornhill_n 1682._o the_o epistle_n dedicatory_a serenissimo_fw-la &_o potentissimo_fw-la principi_fw-la et_fw-la domino_fw-la domino_fw-la friderico-wilhelmo_a marchioni_fw-la brandenburgico_fw-la sacri_fw-la romani_fw-la imperji_fw-la archicamerario_fw-la &_o principi_fw-la electori_fw-la magdeburgi_n prussiae_n stetini_n pomeraniae_n juliae_fw-la cliviae_n montium_fw-la cassubiae_fw-la &_o vandalorum_fw-la in_o silesia_n quoque_fw-la crosnae_fw-la et_fw-la carniolae_n duci_fw-la burgravio_n nurenbergae_n principi_fw-la rugiae_fw-la halberstadji_n &_o mindae_n comiti_fw-la marcae_fw-la &_o ravensbergi_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o ravenstein_n summo_fw-la religionis_fw-la reformatae_fw-la patrono_fw-la maximo_fw-la gentis_fw-la teutonicae_fw-la marti_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la mercaturae_fw-la tam_fw-la maritimae_n quam_fw-la terrestris_fw-la promotori_fw-la illustrissimo_fw-la hunc_fw-la de_fw-la cambjis_fw-la tractatum_fw-la ut_fw-la obsequii_fw-la gratitudinisque_fw-la symbolum_n devotissimo_fw-la animi_fw-la cultu_fw-la that_fw-mi dicat_fw-la dedicatque_fw-la johannes_n scarlett_n anglo-brittannus_a societatis_fw-la balthicae_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la socjus_fw-la regiomonti_n in_o prusia_n residens_fw-la errata_fw-la some_o fault_n have_v escape_v the_o press_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o author_n be_v remote_a absence_n from_o london_n which_o the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o correct_v some_o of_o they_o be_v here_o insert_v viz._n preface_n page_n 3._o line_n 9_o for_o observe_v read_v obscure_a pref._n p._n 6._o l._n 27._o f._n mala_fw-la r._n mali._n pref._n p._n 9_o l._n 8._o f._n vulture_n r._n vultur_n in_o the_o book_n p._n 98._o l._n 18._o f._n lessabon_n r._n lisbonne_n and_o where_o the_o word_n broger_n be_v read_v brocker_n the_o preface_n great_a be_v the_o mystery_n of_o merchant_n trade_n to_o foreign_a part_n nor_o be_v ever_o any_o one_o merchant_n capable_a of_o understand_v all_o the_o mystery_n of_o every_o foreign_a trade_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o several_a species_n as_o i_o may_v call_v they_o of_o merchant_n as_o spanish_a french_a etc._n etc._n but_o there_o be_v very_o few_o merchant_n that_o have_v not_o something_o to_o do_v with_o exchange_n either_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a and_o yet_o of_o all_o those_o that_o practise_v exchange_n how_o few_o be_v they_o that_o right_o understand_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o multitude_n that_o ignorance_n of_o the_o nature_n hereof_o of_o the_o rule_n and_o law_n hereof_o have_v undo_v this_o to_o many_o if_o not_o to_o most_o merchant_n remain_v a_o mystery_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o great_a and_o weighty_a mystery_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o whole_a map_n of_o trade_n on_o this_o consideration_n for_o the_o information_n of_o young_a man_n especial_o i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o translate_v this_o piece_n which_o contain_v the_o practic_n part_n of_o exchange_n and_o as_o they_o be_v regulate_v and_o practise_v at_o the_o great_a bank_n for_o exchange_n and_o the_o great_a place_n of_o traffic_n in_o europe_n if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o merchandise_n that_o require_v circumspection_n knowledge_n and_o prudence_n here_o it_o be_v herein_o merchant_n must_v be_v critical_a to_o every_o chapter_n i_o have_v add_v what_o marius_n his_o advice_n be_v in_o this_o matter_n beside_o that_o many_o notable_a thing_n be_v transcribe_v out_o of_o latin_a german_n and_o italian_a author_n of_o all_o who_o large_a book_n of_o case_n this_o may_v be_v call_v a_o compendium_n i_o may_v perhaps_o be_v judge_v very_o presumptuous_a in_o attempt_v to_o unfold_v the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n when_o which_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o traffic_n have_v nothing_o more_o intricate_a but_o i_o shall_v for_o my_o excuse_n say_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o i_o only_o tread_v in_o the_o step_n of_o those_o that_o have_v want_v no_o opportunity_n to_o learn_v and_o know_v the_o practic_n as_o well_o as_o theory_n thereof_o i_o have_v but_o collect_v what_o other_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a french_a italian_a high_a and_o low-dutch_a and_o make_v they_o to_o speak_v in_o a_o language_n that_o all_o english_a merchant_n may_v understand_v and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v assert_v that_o the_o author_n neither_o want_a experience_n to_o know_v the_o practice_n nor_o learning_n to_o know_v the_o law_n thereof_o and_o i_o therefore_o hope_v this_o small_a treatise_n will_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n and_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o unfolding_n of_o some_o of_o the_o grand_a mystery_n of_o exchange_n none_o will_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v as_o necessary_a as_o it_o be_v profitable_a and_o as_o profitable_a as_o necessary_a and_o that_o to_o all_o that_o be_v concern_v therein_o not_o to_o merchant_n and_o trader_n only_o but_o to_o lawyer_n attorney_n and_o other_o who_o must_v manage_v plead_v and_o direct_v the_o suit_n of_o merchant_n about_o exchange_n which_o they_o never_o can_v effectual_o do_v unless_o they_o be_v well_o inform_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n without_o this_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o discern_v between_o the_o justice_n and_o injustice_n the_o equity_n and_o inequity_n of_o these_o exchange_n intricate_a and_o observe_v they_o be_v if_o we_o respect_v either_o matter_n of_o fact_n or_o matter_n of_o law_n in_o respect_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n they_o be_v so_o one_a because_o merchant_n if_o they_o may_v be_v call_v merchant_n or_o rather_o gripe_v usurer_n and_o extortioner_n daily_o study_v to_o make_v they_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a to_o palliate_v their_o unlawful_a usury_n two_o because_o many_o fiction_n be_v practise_v and_o allow_v of_o and_o that_o both_o of_o person_n and_o payment_n and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o only_o paradoxical_a but_o contradictory_n three_o because_o of_o the_o conciseness_n of_o the_o form_n and_o the_o couch_n of_o so_o many_o contract_n and_o obligation_n into_o so_o few_o word_n that_o they_o be_v scarce_o discernible_a by_o moderate_a capacity_n four_o because_o of_o the_o variety_n of_o unheard_a of_o term_n of_o art_n that_o neither_o the_o law_n nor_o lawyer_n do_v well_o understand_v the_o knowledge_n whereof_o must_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o merchant_n and_o not_o from_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la justinian_n cook_n or_o littleton_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n they_o be_v thus_o obscure_a they_o must_v necessary_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n for_o ex_fw-la facto_fw-la jus_o oritur_fw-la what_o a_o multitude_n of_o artifices_fw-la usurer_n have_v invent_v to_o palliate_v their_o extortion_n can_v scarce_o be_v imagine_v they_o have_v puzzle_v their_o pater_n confessor_n and_o the_o great_a doctor_n of_o divinity_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n to_o salve_v their_o case_n of_o conscience_n and_o on_o the_o other_o the_o great_a doctor_n of_o the_o law_n to_o manage_v their_o intricate_a case_n nor_o indeed_o can_v they_o agree_v among_o themselves_o about_o the_o nature_n thereof_o some_o will_v have_v exchange_v to_o be_v proper_o a_o barter_n other_o a_o borrow_v and_o lend_v some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v deposit_v other_o not_o know_v what_o to_o term_v it_o call_v it_o contractus_fw-la innominatus_fw-la some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o change_a of_o money_n for_o money_n other_o contractus_fw-la location_n and_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o buy_v and_o sell_v proper_o other_o again_z will_v assert_v that_o all_o these_o be_v include_v in_o it_o and_o appitcable_a to_o it_o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o a_o pin_n matter_n whether_o it_o be_v all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o if_o commutative_a justice_n be_v but_o observe_v nor_o shall_v i_o further_o trouble_v the_o reader_n or_o myself_o with_o these_o controversy_n nor_o with_o dispute_n about_o the_o lawfulness_n or_o unlawfulness_n thereof_o wherewith_o i_o can_v have_v fill_v a_o large_a volumn_n in_o folio_n if_o i_o will_v have_v translate_v what_o sigism_n scaccia_n have_v write_v about_o this_o i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o its_o abuse_a by_o usurer_n and_o extortioner_n and_o even_o so_o far_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a but_o this_o notwithstanding_o the_o lawful_a use_n thereof_o as_o its_o most_o frequent_o practise_v among_o merchant_n be_v
not_o to_o be_v abandon_v only_o by_o the_o way_n let_v honest_a merchant_n here_o be_v caution_v that_o from_o the_o lawful_a use_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o tempt_v insensible_o to_o slide_v into_o the_o unlawful_a abuse_n thereof_o lest_o of_o honest_a merchant_n they_o become_v gripe_a usurer_n and_o this_o caution_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o necessary_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o intricacy_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o find_v out_o the_o knavery_n of_o a_o exchange-contract_n for_o as_o the_o spanish_a proverb_n be_v arca_n aperta_fw-la justum_fw-la ad_fw-la peccandum_fw-la invitat_fw-la which_o be_v in_o plain_a english_a opportunicy_n make_v a_o thief_n nor_o with_o the_o variety_n of_o division_n and_o subdivision_n which_o divers_a author_n make_v according_a to_o their_o own_o conception_n and_o the_o idea_n thereof_o that_o they_o have_v frame_v to_o themselves_o as_o into_o apparent_o lawful_a and_o apparent_o unlawful_a and_o some_o ambiguous_a some_o pure_a some_o impure_a some_o mix_v some_o real_a some_o feign_a some_o wet_a some_o dry_a all_o which_o division_n and_o sub-division_n tend_v more_o to_o the_o obscure_n and_o confound_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o exchange_n than_o to_o the_o unfolding_n of_o they_o for_o from_o all_o its_o quality_n and_o accident_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o division_n subdivision_n and_o distinction_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v omit_v these_o nicety_n and_o curiosity_n and_o only_o add_v this_o that_o as_o of_o all_o commerce_n so_o also_o of_o this_o part_n thereof_o equity_n &_o commutative_a justice_n must_v be_v the_o basis_n aequalitas_fw-la dati_fw-la &_o accepti_fw-la must_v be_v its_o rule_n and_o honesty_n must_v be_v the_o artery_n under_o this_o vein_n of_o commerce_n without_o which_o traffic_n can_v subsist_v or_o else_o whatever_o reason_n be_v urge_v for_o its_o lawfulness_n and_o whatever_o distinction_n be_v use_v it_o be_v unlawful_a if_o not_o curia_fw-la exteriori_fw-la at_o lest_o foro_fw-la fori_fw-la but_o alas_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o these_o thing_n be_v little_o observe_v by_o those_o who_o make_v it_o their_o sole_a trade_n to_o practice_v exchange_n not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o give_v in_o exchange_n to_o consider_v the_o lawful_a interest_n of_o their_o money_n their_o great_a labour_n and_o expense_n the_o risco_fw-la that_o they_o run_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n or_o bill_n the_o intrinsic_a &_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o the_o species_n of_o money_n they_o must_v pay_v and_o again_o receive_v which_o thing_n if_o not_o consider_v there_o be_v no_o equality_n but_o that_o which_o be_v condemn_v in_o exchange_n as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v the_o extortion_n and_o oppression_n and_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n palliate_v their_o unlawful_a usury_n therewith_o so_o that_o whatever_o may_v be_v object_v against_o the_o lawfulness_n hereof_o may_v be_v retort_v with_o this_o that_o they_o be_v not_o vitia_fw-la artis_fw-la but_o artificis_fw-la and_o let_v those_o banker_n that_o thus_o abuse_v a_o lawful_a call_n consider_v that_o usual_o as_o have_v by_o some_o be_v observe_v these_o great_a unlawful_a gain_n have_v be_v attend_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o it_o can_v well_o be_v otherwise_o for_o first_o mala_fw-la parta_fw-la male_a &_o cito_fw-la dilabuntur_fw-la second_o as_o the_o dutch_a proverb_n be_v as_o long_o as_o the_o covetous_a man_n live_v the_o deceiver_n need_v not_o die_v for_o hunger_n for_o the_o hope_n of_o great_a gain_n make_v they_o run_v great_a hazard_n and_o three_o their_o great_a trade_n be_v with_o honest_a merchant_n who_o they_o credit_v these_o often_o by_o divine_a providence_n do_v suffer_v great_a loss_n who_o often_o run_v great_a risco_n at_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v make_v insolvent_a and_o if_o some_o gripe_a usurer_n and_o abuse_n of_o the_o lawful_a call_n and_o art_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o concern_v it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a that_o which_o give_v most_o man_n a_o occasion_n to_o dislike_n and_o disprove_v of_o this_o mystery_n of_o the_o banker_n be_v this_o one_a that_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v man_n of_o very_o broad_a conscience_n they_o will_v pretend_v honesty_n as_o much_o at_o any_o but_o they_o exercise_v it_o as_o little_a and_o especial_o its_o hard_a to_o persuade_v they_o that_o they_o be_v in_o conscience_n oblige_v to_o remit_v parâ—_n of_o their_o debt_n to_o he_o that_o can_v possible_o pay_v who_o not_o by_o his_o own_o but_o by_o other_o knavery_n not_o by_o his_o own_o folly_n but_o by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n bath_n suffer_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o that_o he_o have_v and_o then_o two_o they_o that_o be_v stranger_n to_o this_o art_n and_o mystery_n for_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v can_v conceive_v hom_n money_n which_o of_o its_o self_n be_v barren_a shall_v so_o fructify_v as_o if_o there_o be_v some_o alchymistrical_a cunning_n use_v by_o they_o or_o as_o if_o by_o superfactation_n they_o can_v multiply_v money_n they_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o such_o man_n who_o in_o appearance_n be_v idle_a do_v nothing_o but_o sit_v and_o write_v deal_v in_o no_o commodity_n neither_o by_o buy_v nor_o sell_v shall_v so_o sudden_o acquire_v so_o vast_a estate_n and_o gain_v more_o than_o the_o most_o laborious_a and_o industrous_a merchant_n nor_o 3_o can_v they_o understand_v how_o money_n that_o be_v the_o measure_n and_o price_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n and_o which_o for_o that_o end_n only_o be_v invent_v shall_v be_v the_o measure_n and_o price_n of_o itself_o and_o so_o be_v mensurans_fw-la &_o mensuratum_fw-la regulans_fw-la &_o regulatum_fw-la and_o they_o judge_v it_o according_a to_o their_o logical_a and_o phylosophical_a capacity_n that_o a_o actio_fw-la &_o passio_fw-la in_o the_o same_o subject_n be_v impossible_a but_o these_o shall_v again_o consider_v to_o write_v be_v not_o to_o sit_v still_o or_o to_o be_v idle_a and_o to_o study_v and_o contrive_v and_o correspond_v be_v the_o great_a labour_n as_o also_o that_o it_o be_v only_o idle_a money_n lock_v up_o in_o a_o chest_n and_o unemployed_a that_o be_v unfruitful_a and_o barren_a and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o contract_n in_o exchange_n and_o a_o buy_n and_o sell_v also_o and_o that_o the_o profit_n thereof_o do_v not_o arise_v only_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o time_n though_o according_a to_o the_o long_o or_o short_a time_n the_o course_n be_v high_a or_o low_a proportionable_o but_o conjunct_o from_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o labour_n expense_n and_o risco_fw-la of_o the_o exchange_n nor_o do_v they_o always_o gain_v by_o exchange_n nor_o can_v they_o that_o observe_v the_o lawful_a course_n of_o exchange_n know_v certain_o that_o they_o shall_v gain_v for_o posito_fw-la that_o the_o man_n be_v able_a and_o sufficient_a that_o they_o deal_v with_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o variableness_n of_o the_o course_n that_o till_o they_o have_v the_o money_n in_o cash_n again_o which_o they_o give_v out_o on_o exchange_n they_o can_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o their_o loss_n or_o profit_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o art_n of_o exchange_v most_o suspect_v be_v the_o practice_n of_o re-change_n which_o be_v doubless_a unlawful_a and_o i_o shall_v not_o plead_v for_o it_o but_o lest_o i_o be_v misunderstand_a i_o will_v declare_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o re-change_n and_o what_o other_o take_v it_o for_o and_o the_o re-change_n that_o be_v condemn_v be_v this_o when_o a_o honest_a merchant_n or_o other_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o present_a money_n come_v to_o a_o exchanger_n and_o offer_v he_o his_o bill_n for_o so_o much_o money_n the_o exchanger_n pry_v like_o a_o vulture_n upon_o his_o necessity_n give_v he_o so_o much_o money_n upon_o good_a security_n at_o a_o high_a course_n and_o know_v that_o the_o bill_n will_v not_o be_v pay_v but_o protest_v he_o condition_n that_o the_o interest_n charges_n and_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n back_o again_o shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o sum_n and_o convert_v to_o the_o capital_a or_o principal_a this_o augment_a sum_n be_v redraw_v upon_o the_o poor_a necessitous_a debtor_n and_o if_o the_o debtor_n can_v pay_v than_o the_o exchanger_n will_v probable_o continue_v it_o so_o long_a and_o so_o far_o as_o the_o pledge_n or_o security_n he_o have_v be_v worth_a always_o augment_v the_o sum_n as_o before_o all_o which_o at_o last_o he_o force_v the_o poor_a merchant_n to_o pay_v he_o though_o he_o utter_o ruin_v he_o and_o his_o whole_a family_n whence_o by_o the_o way_n observe_v that_o this_o re-change_n be_v always_o with_o the_o same_o debtor_n by_o convert_v the_o interest_n into_o the_o principal_a and_o that_o the_o creditor_n know_v that_o the_o debtor_n bill_n will_v not_o be_v pay_v and_o that_o therefore_o many_o fiction_n be_v admit_v of_o and_o that_o the_o
petty_a exchange_n the_o latter_a real_a vi_o the_o exchange_v of_o one_o sort_n or_o species_n for_o another_o be_v also_o twofold_a either_o with_o or_o without_o profit_n vii_o when_o it_o be_v do_v without_o profit_n it_o can_v be_v call_v a_o trade_n but_o be_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o friendship_n and_o as_o a_o courtesy_n and_o then_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a and_o just_a valuation_n of_o both_o the_o sort_n of_o coin_n according_a to_o their_o alloy_n or_o their_o price_n currant_n or_o intrinsic_a and_o extrinsic_a value_n viii_o but_o if_o profit_n by_o the_o exchange_n be_v design_v by_o either_o party_n than_o one_o party_n allow_v the_o other_o a_o certain_a profit_n upon_o the_o certain_a species_n he_o desire_v and_o that_o profit_n be_v call_v by_o the_o italian_n aggio_n by_o the_o dutch_a opgelt_n which_o we_o may_v call_v advance_v or_o vse-monye_n ix_o but_o then_o this_o last_o kind_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v do_v for_o advance_v or_o aggio_n be_v no_o free_a and_o lawful_a trade_n save_v to_o those_o only_a that_o be_v permit_v by_o authority_n to_o use_v it_o who_o be_v also_o oblige_v to_o observe_v certain_a rule_n and_o method_n in_o the_o use_n thereof_o such_o be_v broger_n banker_n etc._n etc._n x._o and_o to_o prevent_v all_o confusion_n and_o the_o too_o great_a advance_n of_o any_o particular_a speices_o of_o money_n the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n hamburge_n etc._n etc._n have_v erect_v a_o bank_n for_o the_o regulation_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o true_a intrinsic_a value_n of_o every_o species_n xi_o exchange_n that_o be_v do_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n consist_v in_o a_o contract_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o two_o party_n whereby_o the_o one_o party_n give_v his_o bill_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o certain_a precise_a sum_n of_o money_n at_o a_o certain_a and_o limit_v time_n in_o a_o certain_a and_o limit_v place_n for_o the_o value_n of_o the_o same_o sum_n already_o receive_v or_o present_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o other_o party_n this_o be_v call_v by_o marius_n real_a exchange_n xii_o exchange_n may_v again_o be_v subdivide_v viz._n into_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o usurer_n exchange_n xiii_o merchant_n exchange_n consist_v in_o a_o trade_n in_o or_o with_o money_n from_o one_o place_n city_n or_o nation_n to_o another_o upon_o a_o uncertain_a profit_n and_o this_o sort_n of_o trade_n be_v by_o way_n of_o excellency_n term_v simple_a exchange_n fourteen_o usurer_n exchange_n consist_v in_o a_o give_a money_n upon_o interest_n with_o condition_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o sum_n of_o money_n with_o a_o certain_a profit_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o this_o be_v call_v by_o marius_n dry_v exchange_n xv._o merchant_n exchange_n be_v either_o actual_a and_o that_o which_o be_v real_o perform_v and_o accomplish_v or_o only_o pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la xvi_o the_o real_a merchant_n exchange_n consist_v in_o a_o real_a and_o effectual_a contract_n and_o negotiation_n betwixt_o the_o drawer_n &_o the_o remitter_n concern_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o payment_n xvii_o but_o that_o exchange_n that_o be_v only_o pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la consist_v only_o in_o a_o consent_n that_o the_o name_n of_o a_o certain_a person_n be_v use_v as_o the_o remitter_n that_o the_o bill_n may_v want_v nothing_o of_o its_o formality_n without_o any_o real_a contract_n or_o negotiation_n xviii_o again_o this_o real_a exchange_n be_v twofold_a either_o certain_a or_o conditional_a xix_o real_a certain_a exchange_n be_v when_o the_o sum_n express_v in_o the_o bill_n must_v real_o and_o certain_o be_v pay_v xx._n but_o conditional_a exchange_n be_v when_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o sum_n name_v in_o the_o bill_n must_v first_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o some_o ship_n or_o of_o some_o certain_a good_n or_o upon_o some_o other_o condition_n xxi_o to_o the_o complete_n of_o a_o exchange-negotiation_n four_o person_n be_v consider_v and_o require_v two_o at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o course_n place_n time_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o sum_n be_v agree_v on_o to_o wit_v the_o drawer_n and_o the_o remitter_n and_o at_o the_o place_n of_o payment_n be_v also_o two_o to_o wit_n the_o person_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v who_o must_v pay_v and_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v remit_v who_o must_v receive_v xxii_o exchange_n be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o negotiate_v and_o discount_v exchange_n or_o rescontre_v exchange_n xxiii_o negotiate_v be_v when_o the_o drawer_n and_o the_o remitter_n be_v two_o distinct_a person_n betwixt_o who_o there_o have_v be_v a_o actual_a contract_n and_o agreement_n concern_v the_o course_n etc._n etc._n xxiv_o discount_v exchange_n be_v when_o the_o drawer_n and_o the_o remitter_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n draw_v and_o remit_v xxv_o negotiate_v exchange_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o pure_a or_o mixt._n xxvi_o a_o pure_a negotiate_v exchange_n be_v when_o real_o money_n be_v give_v for_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v according_a to_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o drawer_n and_o the_o remitter_n whereby_o the_o drawer_n oblige_v himself_o to_o pay_v the_o value_n he_o have_v receive_v of_o the_o remitter_n according_a to_o the_o course_n in_o another_o place_n at_o a_o certain_a precise_a time_n xxvii_o mix_v exchange_n consist_v in_o a_o contract_n betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n oblige_v himself_o to_o the_o true_a payment_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n xxviii_o again_o all_o exchange_n be_v either_o for_o a_o man_n be_v own_o or_o for_o some_o principal_n be_v account_n or_o in_o the_o name_n of_o another_o xxix_o when_o it_o be_v for_o proper_a account_n it_o concern_v the_o person_n that_o be_v either_o drawer_n or_o remitter_n xxx_o when_o it_o be_v for_o the_o principal_n account_v the_o factor_n treat_v and_o conclude_v in_o his_o own_o name_n but_o the_o sum_n etc._n etc._n be_v for_o the_o principal_n account_v xxxi_o and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o another_o when_o it_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o full_a power_n and_o letter_n of_o attorney_n of_o another_o xxxii_o and_o last_o exchange_n be_v either_o direct_o to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o indirect_o and_o be_v send_v to_o some_o other_o place_n first_o to_o be_v negotiate_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o mackeler_n or_o exchange-brogers_a rule_n i._o exchange_n be_v conclude_v either_o by_o the_o mackeler_n or_o broger_n alone_o betwixt_o themselves_o or_o by_o bring_v the_o party_n face_n to_o face_n ii_o broger_n etc._n etc._n be_v person_n swear_v and_o authorize_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o work_n and_o trade_n it_o be_v to_o inquire_v of_o person_n that_o have_v any_o money_n to_o remit_v or_o to_o draw_v and_o to_o argree_v such_o person_n concern_v the_o condition_n act_v impartial_o between_o they_o both_o iii_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o be_v diligent_a faithful_a and_o private_a and_o not_o to_o cheat_v or_o overreach_a either_o the_o drawer_n or_o the_o remitter_n in_o any_o wise_a iv_o he_o must_v be_v content_a with_o that_o reward_n for_o his_o pain_n and_o labour_n that_o the_o magistrate_n have_v allow_v he_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o the_o hollander_n courtagie_n he_o must_v not_o exact_v more_o of_o one_o than_o another_o nor_o serve_v any_o man_n for_o nothing_o v._o those_o covetous_a exchanger_n that_o will_v save_v the_o courtagie_n by_o conclude_v their_o own_o exchange_n face_n to_o face_n without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o broger_n on_o that_o use_n to_o deduct_v from_o their_o allowance_n or_o that_o will_v use_v ignoramus_n because_o they_o will_v serve_v for_o less_o than_o the_o allowance_n or_o may_v be_v for_o nothing_o at_o all_o do_v sometime_o in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n pay_v the_o courtagie_a double_a and_o tribble_v vi_o a_o broger_n must_v be_v very_o diligent_a and_o prudent_a and_o must_v first_o of_o all_o know_v of_o the_o drawer_n and_o remitter_n to_o what_o certain_a place_n they_o will_v exchange_n and_o if_o it_o be_v to_o such_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v always_o a_o certain_a usance_n observe_v in_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n than_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o course_n or_o price_n of_o exchange_n but_o in_o case_n they_o will_v exchange_v to_o place_n where_o no_o certain_a usance_n be_v keep_v but_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v make_v at_o short_a or_o long_a date_n or_o sight_n etc._n etc._n then_o he_o must_v be_v express_a and_o certain_a as_o to_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o payment_n and_o other_o necessary_a condition_n vii_o when_o the_o mackeler_n or_o broger_n have_v conclude_v with_o any_o then_o must_v he_o tell_v the_o drawer_n to_o who_o he_o will_v have_v his_o bill_n
he_o must_v debit_fw-la him_z and_o this_o he_o shall_v do_v extempore_o not_o wait_v till_o the_o bill_n be_v present_v for_o acceptance_n or_o payment_n be_v demand_v xiii_o though_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o reprovable_a if_o the_o person_n on_o who_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v shall_v note_v in_o his_o memorial_n even_o those_o bill_n that_o he_o suffer_v to_o be_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n but_o then_o he_o must_v also_o add_v that_o he_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n fourteen_o he_o that_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o possession_n which_o be_v not_o accept_v or_o not_o at_o the_o due_a time_n pay_v though_o it_o be_v accept_v and_o so_o be_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n or_o non_fw-fr payment_n must_v also_o note_v in_o his_o memorial_n underneath_o the_o parcel_n when_o and_o to_o who_o he_o send_v the_o protest_v with_o or_o without_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o so_o in_o case_n a_o three_o person_n or_o he_o himself_o accept_v and_o pay_v the_o same_o bill_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o of_o any_o of_o the_o endorser_n he_o ought_v diligent_o to_o note_n and_o observe_v the_o same_o in_o his_o memorial_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n xv._o he_o that_o do_v not_o voluntary_o but_o supra_fw-la protest_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o any_o other_o person_n accept_v and_o pay_v a_o bill_n must_v at_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o parcel_n to_o book_n note_n for_o who_o account_n he_o accept_v the_o same_o and_o so_o when_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v in_o not_o on_o the_o acceptant_fw-la but_o on_o some_o other_o that_o suffer_v it_o to_o be_v protest_v the_o acceptant_fw-la supra_fw-la protest_v must_v make_v a_o perfect_a and_o complete_a entry_n thereof_o as_o if_o the_o sum_n have_v direct_o be_v draw_v upon_o he_o to_o wit_n when_o by_o who_o what_o sum_n to_o who_o at_o what_o time_n payable_a and_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o that_o he_o accept_v the_o same_o supra_fw-la protest_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o some_o endorse_a xvi_o if_o a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a some_o time_n after_o sight_n or_o at_o usance_n if_o usance_n be_v reckon_v after_o sight_n the_o acceptant_fw-la and_o the_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n must_v enter_v in_o their_o memorial_n the_o date_n of_o the_o acceptance_n to_o calculate_v the_o day_n of_o payment_n by_o and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a and_o laudable_a custom_n in_o all_o merchant_n as_o well_o acceptant_n as_o possessor_n of_o bill_n to_o enter_v underneath_o or_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o parcel_n the_o day_n of_o its_o be_v due_a whether_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a after_o sight_n after_o date_n or_o at_o usance_n xvii_o if_o any_o receive_v advice_n from_o his_o factor_n that_o his_o factor_n have_v draw_v or_o remit_v for_o his_o account_n to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o principal_a shall_v also_o note_v in_o his_o memorial_n and_o distinct_o specify_v by_o who_o from_o whence_o to_o what_o place_n when_o what_o sum_n at_o what_o course_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v or_o on_o who_o draw_v by_o what_o letter_n and_o of_o what_o date_n he_o have_v advice_n thereof_o and_o when_o he_o get_v further_a confirmation_n thereof_o he_o must_v curious_o observe_v if_o the_o first_o and_o second_o advice_n agree_v or_o not_o xviii_o so_o also_o when_o any_o draw_v or_o remit_v or_o be_v draw_v on_o or_o remit_v to_o by_o his_o correspondent_a by_o order_n of_o a_o three_o for_o account_v of_o a_o four_o he_o also_o must_v in_o his_o memorial_n specify_v all_o at_o large_a that_o the_o book-keeper_n may_v know_v who_o to_o debit_fw-la and_o who_o to_o credit_v in_o the_o journal_n nb_n the_o entry_n that_o be_v here_o speak_v of_o in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a case_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o formal_a journal_n or_o leidger_n entry_n but_o only_o of_o a_o plain_a entry_n into_o the_o waste-book_n or_o memorial_n either_o by_o the_o merchant_n himself_o or_o any_o of_o his_o servant_n and_o from_o all_o this_o appear_v sufficient_o that_o a_o merchant_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o diligent_a and_o careful_a writer_n xix_o if_o any_o draw_v on_o his_o own_o account_n upon_o time_n or_o remit_v or_o order_n to_o be_v draw_v or_o remit_v on_o or_o to_o his_o correspondent_a reside_v in_o some_o other_o place_n he_o ought_v to_o enter_v in_o his_o memorial_n when_o the_o same_o be_v payable_a that_o against_o that_o time_n he_o may_v make_v necessary_a provision_n for_o the_o payment_n or_o to_o order_v the_o further_a disposal_n of_o it_o and_o to_o credit_n or_o debit_fw-la his_o correspondent_a for_o the_o same_o in_o his_o account_n currant_n xx._n he_o also_o on_o who_o be_v draw_v or_o to_o who_o be_v remit_v shall_v enter_v in_o his_o memorial_n the_o time_n of_o payment_n to_o who_o for_o what_o bill_n what_o sum_n must_v be_v demand_v or_o be_v pay_v and_o so_o when_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o order_n the_o same_o must_v be_v express_v that_o the_o possess_a of_o the_o bill_n against_o that_o time_n may_v advise_v the_o acceptant_fw-la to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v or_o the_o acceptant_fw-la inquire_v to_o who_o its_o payable_a by_o the_o possessor_n xxi_o when_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o journal_n the_o book-keeper_n must_v be_v careful_a to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a debtor_n and_o creditor_n and_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v for_o another_o account_n he_o need_v but_o enter_v the_o same_o that_o he_o receive_v in_o that_o species_n or_o denomination_n of_o money_n wherein_o he_o keep_v his_o book_n but_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v for_o his_o own_o account_n than_o the_o product_n must_v not_o only_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o species_n and_o denomination_n of_o money_n wherein_o he_o keep_v his_o book_n but_o also_o in_o that_o coin_n and_o species_n wherein_o he_o keep_v a_o account_n with_o his_o correspondent_n and_o in_o the_o post_n of_o the_o same_o into_o his_o great_a book_n or_o leidger_n the_o foreign_a coin_n must_v be_v due_o express_v in_o the_o factor_n my_o account_n currant_n by_o he_o in_o the_o line_n and_o the_o domestic_a coin_n or_o species_n in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o they_o that_o so_o when_o he_o receive_v a_o account_n currant_n from_o his_o factor_n he_o may_v ready_o without_o return_v to_o his_o journal_n compare_v every_o parcel_n xxii_o it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n in_o some_o when_o they_o have_v negotiate_v bill_n for_o their_o own_o account_n to_o credit_v their_o correspondent_a instanly_a for_o the_o sum_n they_o have_v draw_v or_o remit_v upon_o time_n as_o also_o for_o the_o principal_a to_o credit_n or_o debit_fw-la the_o correspondent_o account_v currant_n when_o the_o correspondent_a have_v draw_v or_o remit_v for_o his_o account_n on_o time_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o receive_v advice_n of_o its_o be_v do_v though_o the_o money_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pay_v or_o receive_v till_o some_o week_n or_o month_n be_v expire_v for_o thereby_o the_o account_n currant_n which_o shall_v always_o be_v clear_a and_o demonstrative_a and_o show_v how_o the_o account_n stand_v with_o the_o correspondent_a at_o all_o time_n be_v render_v very_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a wherefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o book-keeper_n enter_v all_o parcel_n and_o bill_n for_o proper_a account_n in_o a_o general_a entry_n under_o the_o title_n of_o exchange-account_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a title_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o be_v due_a or_o when_o the_o money_n be_v real_o receive_v or_o pay_v then_o to_o transport_v they_o to_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v remit_v or_o draw_v for_o another_o account_n than_o no_o entry_n need_v be_v make_v in_o the_o journal_n at_o all_o till_o the_o time_n of_o their_o be_v pay_v or_o receive_v and_o then_o be_v the_o correspondent_n account_v currant_n to_o be_v credit_v or_o debit_v according_o xxiii_o marius_n advice_n be_v not_o only_o to_o note_v in_o a_o book_n the_o name_n and_o place_n of_o abode_n of_o he_o that_o present_v a_o bill_n to_o be_v accept_v but_o also_o to_o keep_v cop_z es_z of_o the_o bill_n that_o he_o accept_v and_o also_o advise_v he_o that_o get_v the_o bill_n accept_v to_o keep_v a_o copy_n thereof_o but_o i_o can_v see_v no_o necessity_n hereof_o if_o all_o circumstance_n be_v so_o particular_o express_v in_o the_o book_n chap._n vii_o of_o letter_n of_o advice_n etc._n etc._n rule_n i._o every_o individual_a person_n that_o be_v any_o way_n concern_v in_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n must_v be_v very_o prompt_a exact_a and_o quick_a in_o advise_v or_o return_v of_o answer_n ii_o above_o all_o thing_n it_o
and_o to_o who_o and_o for_o what_o sum_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o accept_v the_o bill_n of_o his_o correspondent_n and_o signify_v to_o he_o how_o he_o must_v place_v it_o to_o account_n or_o be_v reimburse_v by_o redrawing_a etc._n etc._n this_o he_o must_v do_v lest_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v before_o the_o three_o person_n have_v order_n from_o the_o principal_a to_o accept_v they_o xxiii_o he_o that_o be_v fore-advised_a that_o he_o will_v be_v draw_v upon_o ought_v instant_o to_o return_v a_o answer_n whether_o he_o have_v take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o will_v accept_v and_o honour_v the_o bill_n or_o not_o xxiv_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o any_o give_v order_n to_o another_o to_o remit_v for_o his_o account_n to_o a_o three_o he_o must_v also_o advise_v the_o same_o three_o person_n before_o the_o remise_n come_v to_o his_o hand_n that_o he_o have_v give_v such_o order_n especial_o if_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v make_v at_o short_a sight_n and_o how_o he_o will_v have_v they_o dispose_v of_o and_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o this_o three_o person_n to_o return_v a_o answer_n that_o he_o have_v receive_v and_o will_v or_o will_v not_o observe_v his_o order_n xxv_o if_o a_o factor_n correspondent_n or_o principal_a etc._n etc._n advise_v his_o principal_a correspondent_a or_o factor_n that_o he_o will_v accept_v such_o and_o such_o draught_n for_o such_o and_o such_o account_n but_o afterward_o refuse_v to_o accept_v those_o bill_n and_o return_v they_o on_o the_o drawer_n with_o protest_v it_o be_v but_o just_a and_o equal_a that_o he_o that_o promise_v acceptance_n and_o refuse_v it_o shall_v be_v olige_v to_o make_v good_a all_o the_o loss_n whatever_o it_o be_v and_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o drawer_n xxvi_o if_o the_o letter_n of_o advice_n disagree_v with_o the_o bill_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sum_n or_o the_o sum_n express_v in_o figure_n in_o the_o bill_n with_o the_o sum_n express_v at_o length_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o bill_n yet_o that_o sum_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v that_o be_v express_v at_o length_n according_a to_o marius_n his_o advice_n and_o if_o the_o accepter_n will_v not_o accept_v for_o that_o sum_n the_o possessor_n may_v and_o must_v protest_v chap._n viii_o of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n by_o the_o remitter_n to_o the_o drawer_n rule_n i._o in_o exchange_v credit_n must_v be_v give_v but_o the_o drawer_n have_v need_n observe_v to_o who_o he_o give_v credit_n that_o he_o give_v not_o his_o bill_n to_o he_o that_o can_v or_o will_v not_o pay_v the_o value_n and_o the_o remitter_n have_v need_n observe_v who_o he_o credit_n that_o he_o give_v not_o his_o money_n to_o one_o that_o can_v or_o will_v not_o pay_v the_o bill_n so_o that_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o must_v be_v careful_a and_o inquire_v into_o each_o other_o sufficiency_n ii_o bill_n be_v sometime_o give_v by_o one_o who_o himself_o will_v discharge_v they_o sometime_o be_v charge_v on_o a_o debtor_n who_o be_v to_o discharge_v they_o whereof_o afterward_o shall_v be_v speak_v iii_o the_o value_n of_o a_o bill_n be_v ordinary_o pay_v in_o ready_a money_n and_o if_o the_o drawer_n be_v satisfy_v with_o any_o thing_n else_o it_o be_v reckon_v for_o and_o as_o ready_a money_n iv_o all_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v negotiate_v or_o conclude_v at_o amsterdam_n or_o hamborough_n or_o any_o other_o place_n where_o a_o bank_n be_v erect_v be_v payable_a in_o bank_n if_o they_o exceed_v a_o certain_a limit_v sum_n upon_o penalty_n that_o such_o bill_n exceed_v that_o sum_n not_o pay_v in_o bank_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v as_o not_o satisfy_v and_o of_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n to_o the_o bank_n beside_o by_o those_o that_o act_n contrary_o nor_o must_v the_o broger_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v employ_v about_o any_o bill_n exceed_v that_o sum_n to_o be_v payable_a out_o of_o bank_n or_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n to_o defraud_v or_o evade_v the_o say_a statute_n and_o order_n by_o divide_v the_o sum_n and_o lessen_v they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v payable_a out_o of_o bank_n upon_o penalty_n of_o incur_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v suspend_v and_o deprive_v of_o their_o office_n and_o employment_n nb_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a and_o equal_a that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o a_o bank_n be_v erect_v all_o bill_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o bank_n and_o so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o bank_n and_o currant_n money_n this_o order_n be_v observe_v at_o amsterdam_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o regard_n now_o at_o amsterdam_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o difference_n betwixt_o bank_n and_o currant_n money_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o value_n therefore_o it_o be_v scarce_o practicable_a now_o for_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n to_o observe_v this_o order_n especial_o for_o those_o that_o have_v their_o correspondence_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o holland_n westphalia_n in_o sweeden_n denmark_n or_o other_o place_n on_o the_o baltique_a sea_n see_v all_o bill_n to_o those_o place_n be_v conclude_v for_o and_o in_o currant_n money_n because_o those_o that_o be_v inhabitant_n in_o other_o place_n be_v only_o indebt_v to_o their_o creditor_n in_o amsterdam_n currant_n money_n and_o do_v know_v of_o no_o aggio_fw-mi or_o vp-money_n and_o will_v always_o suspect_v to_o be_v cheat_v or_o overreach_v if_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o but_o by_o erect_v a_o bank_n currant_n this_o inconvenience_n may_v be_v prevent_v v._o notwithstanding_o that_o ordinary_o in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o value_n be_v receive_v already_o yet_o ordinary_o the_o value_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o the_o remitter_n to_o the_o drawer_n till_o two_o or_o three_o day_n after_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o first_o bill_n and_o may_v in_o time_n enough_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o remitter_n at_o any_o time_n betwixt_o and_o the_o next_o post_n vi_o but_o a_o remitter_n must_v not_o can_v delay_v the_o drawer_n any_o long_a than_o till_o the_o next_o post_n unless_o it_o be_v express_o condition_v that_o some_o time_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n if_o he_o do_v then_o may_v the_o drawer_n forbid_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o bill_n and_o demand_v satisfaction_n of_o the_o remitter_n vii_o if_o a_o remitter_n condition_n for_o time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n till_o he_o have_v advice_n of_o the_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n then_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o he_o make_v those_o condition_n with_o the_o drawer_n himself_o and_o not_o rely_v on_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o broger_n viii_o if_o a_o remitter_n have_v condition_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o value_n till_o he_o have_v advice_n of_o the_o acceptance_n he_o be_v if_o the_o bill_n be_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o value_n but_o if_o it_o be_v accept_v though_o but_o by_o one_o who_o sufficiency_n be_v suspect_v yet_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o value_n ix_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n of_o a_o bill_n draw_v by_o a._n as_o have_v a_o procuration_n or_o full_a power_n from_o b._n must_v not_o be_v make_v to_o a._n but_o must_v in_o bank_n be_v write_v to_o the_o account_n of_o b._n as_o the_o principal_a drawer_n and_o a._n must_v be_v oblige_v to_o make_v his_o full_a power_n appear_v and_o so_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o principal_n must_v receive_v the_o value_n and_o discharge_v the_o remitter_n x._o a_o prudent_a remitter_n will_v not_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o a_o bill_n but_o upon_o a_o assignation_n or_o acquittance_n from_o the_o drawer_n express_o signify_v that_o the_o same_o be_v in_o payment_n of_o the_o value_n of_o such_o a_o bill_n and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o well_o in_o the_o payment_n by_o bank_n as_o in_o currant_n money_n xi_o a_o prudent_a remitter_n will_v not_o offer_v to_o pay_v by_o cash_n or_o in_o currant_n money_n what_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v in_o bank_n without_o acquittance_n or_o assignation_n because_o such_o payment_n be_v not_o satisfactory_a and_o contrary_a to_o order_v xii_o if_o the_o value_n of_o a_o bill_n either_o in_o bank_n or_o currant_n money_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o drawer_n by_o any_o other_o than_o the_o remitter_n for_o the_o remitter_n account_n or_o by_o his_o order_n in_o case_n it_o appear_v not_o that_o such_o money_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o drawer_n upon_o the_o remitter_n account_n and_o by_o his_o order_n the_o drawer_n will_v act_v very_o cautious_o and_o prudent_o if_o he_o demand_v a_o note_n under_o the_o payer_n hand_n signify_v by_o who_o order_n and_o for_o who_o account_n he_o make_v
than_o the_o possessor_n be_v oblige_v to_o carry_v or_o send_v the_o bill_n to_o that_o place_n and_o there_o formal_o by_o a_o notary_n public_a demand_n acceptance_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o protest_v xi_o if_o the_o acceptant_fw-la be_v a_o out-dweller_n i._n e._n dwell_v in_o another_o place_n than_o where_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v pay_v then_o when_o acceptance_n be_v demand_v usual_o the_o possessor_n desire_v he_o to_o underwrite_v to_o who_o he_o must_v at_o the_o time_n address_v himself_o for_o payment_n but_o the_o acceptant_fw-la be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v this_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o possessor_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v the_o acceptant_fw-la timely_a notice_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v pay_v if_o it_o be_v a_o bill_n that_o be_v payable_a to_o order_n xii_o when_o a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a after_o sight_n or_o at_o usance_n and_o usance_n be_v reckon_v after_o sight_n by_o a_o out-dweller_n than_o the_o acceptant_fw-la may_n date_n his_o acceptance_n on_o the_o day_n it_o be_v demand_v of_o he_o if_o acceptance_n be_v demand_v direct_o from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v but_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v first_o send_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o payment_n must_v be_v make_v than_o the_o acceptance_n ought_v to_o be_v date_v the_o day_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o bill_n at_o that_o place_n and_o not_o on_o the_o day_n of_o its_o be_v present_v to_o the_o acceptant_fw-la in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v if_o the_o possessor_n will_v stand_v strict_o and_o precise_o for_o a_o day_n with_o the_o acceptant_fw-la otherwise_o it_o be_v no_o loss_n or_o prejudice_n to_o the_o possessor_n when_o the_o acceptance_n be_v date_v if_o within_o the_o just_a time_n xiii_o a_o out-dweller_n must_v take_v special_a care_n that_o the_o bill_n be_v discharge_v at_o the_o day_n in_o its_o due_a place_n and_o must_v not_o wait_v till_o the_o possessor_n advise_v he_o thereof_o fourteen_o when_o a_o bill_n be_v payable_a by_o a_o out-dweller_n to_o order_n and_o not_o to_o a_o certain_a person_n and_o the_o acceptant_fw-la have_v not_o order_v to_o who_o the_o last_o assign_v shall_v address_v himself_o at_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n than_o the_o possessor_n whoever_o he_o be_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v the_o acceptant_fw-la timely_a notice_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v pay_v that_o the_o acceptant_fw-la may_n within_o the_o respite_n day_n return_v a_o answer_n and_o make_v all_o due_a and_o necessary_a preparation_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o xv._o if_o the_o out-dweller_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v remit_v to_o the_o possessor_n of_o his_o accept_a bill_n in_o other_o bill_n due_a at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o possessor_n bill_n the_o possessor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o demand_v acceptance_n and_o payment_n of_o those_o bill_n of_o his_o acceptant_fw-la the_o out-dweller_n unless_o he_o have_v provision_n allow_v he_o because_o he_o have_v double_a trouble_n in_o procure_v his_o money_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o correspondence_n and_o many_o other_o inconvenience_n may_v follow_v but_o when_o the_o acceptant_fw-la do_v simple_o address_v the_o possessor_n to_o some_o certain_a person_n to_o demand_v payment_n of_o he_o for_o the_o bill_n to_o he_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o go_v to_o receive_v his_o payment_n without_o any_o provision_n xvi_o when_o a_o out-dweller_n have_v a_o bill_n remit_v to_o he_o payable_a by_o a_o in-dweller_n and_o the_o out-dweller_n desire_v his_o acceptant_fw-la at_o the_o day_n to_o send_v he_o his_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o to_o remit_v he_o the_o value_n in_o other_o bill_n the_o in-dweller_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v this_o without_o allowance_n of_o provision_n etc._n etc._n xvii_o the_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n payable_a by_o a_o out-dweller_n must_v at_o the_o last_o day_n of_o respite_n if_o he_o get_v no_o payment_n order_v a_o notarius_fw-la publicus_n to_o enter_v a_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n which_o protest_v though_o not_o make_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o person_n nor_o at_o the_o house_n of_o the_o acceptant_fw-la be_v valid_a and_o effectual_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n because_o the_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o protest_v against_o a_o out-dweller_n at_o his_o house_n or_o dwelling_n nor_o to_o seek_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o payment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v the_o out-dweller_n of_o amsterdam_n have_v make_v use_n of_o this_o policy_n to_o make_v the_o forego_n rule_n and_o protest_v ineffectual_a on_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n pretend_v ignorance_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o payment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v they_o at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o payment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v address_v themselves_o to_o a_o notary_n public_a on_o the_o last_o respite_n day_n and_o there_o declare_v to_o he_o that_o such_o and_o such_o a_o bill_n payable_a to_o order_n by_o they_o accept_v be_v now_o become_v due_a whereof_o none_o have_v demand_v payment_n they_o therefore_o protest_v for_o their_o readiness_n and_o willingness_n to_o discharge_v the_o say_a bill_n and_o according_o they_o cause_v a_o formal_a protest_v to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o send_v the_o same_o to_o the_o drawer_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o against_o any_o other_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n but_o this_o slight_a and_o cunning_a may_v be_v prevent_v if_o one_o general_a office_n of_o protest_v be_v erect_v where_o all_o protest_v shall_v be_v register_v and_o so_o every_o one_o may_v see_v to_o who_o they_o be_v to_o apply_v themselves_o xviii_o marius_n add_v that_o in_o case_n a_o out-dweller_n refuse_v acceptance_n when_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v to_o he_o protest_v may_v either_o be_v make_v at_o the_o house_n of_o the_o out-dweller_n by_o the_o person_n who_o be_v order_v to_o demand_v acceptance_n or_o else_o at_o the_o place_n of_o payment_n the_o friend_n letter_n that_o demand_v acceptance_n be_v produce_v to_o the_o notary_n be_v sufficient_a to_o ground_v the_o protest_v upon_o and_o so_o also_o in_o case_n of_o nonpayment_n xix_o though_o the_o possessor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o seek_v for_o payment_n of_o a_o out-dweller_n in_o any_o place_n than_o where_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a and_o the_o drawer_n or_o acceptant_fw-la have_v address_v it_o yet_o he_o may_v in_o case_n of_o nonpayment_n executive_a proceed_v against_o the_o acceptant_fw-la in_o any_o place_n where_o he_o either_o find_v his_o good_n or_o his_o person_n sigism_n scaccia_n xx._n scaccia_n the_o debtor_n by_o exchange_n be_v oblige_v to_o bring_v his_o payment_n to_o the_o place_n of_o payment_n though_o it_o be_v both_o chargeable_a and_o dangerous_a and_o the_o risco_fw-la and_o expense_n be_v his_o own_o and_o if_o the_o debtor_n request_v the_o creditor_n to_o take_v his_o payment_n in_o any_o other_o place_n and_o the_o creditor_n consent_n the_o risco_fw-la and_o the_o charge_n must_v be_v pay_v and_o allow_v by_o the_o debtor_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v but_o if_o the_o creditor_n receive_v his_o payment_n simple_o than_o he_o take_v the_o hazard_n and_o charge_n upon_o himself_o xxi_o so_o also_o the_o creditor_n by_o exchange_n be_v oblige_v to_o come_v to_o receive_v his_o money_n at_o the_o place_n appoint_v though_o it_o be_v both_o expensive_a and_o hazardous_a to_o carry_v the_o money_n home_o or_o to_o any_o other_o place_n where_o he_o will_v have_v it_o but_o yet_o the_o creditor_n can_v and_o may_v seek_v his_o debtor_n in_o any_o place_n where_o he_o will_v and_o there_o receive_v his_o payment_n but_o then_o he_o can_v compel_v the_o drawer_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n thereof_o nor_o the_o risco_fw-la scaccia_n chap._n xxv_o of_o exchange_n in_o commission_n in_o general_n and_o of_o bill_n draw_v on_o one_o place_n over_o another_o place_n rule_n i._n exchange_n to_o a_o place_n over_o a_o place_n or_o through_o a_o place_n be_v when_o bill_n be_v not_o make_v payable_a or_o remit_v to_o the_o place_n or_o city_n direct_o where_o the_o money_n be_v or_o where_o the_o remitter_n will_v have_v his_o money_n but_o on_o some_o other_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o value_n be_v to_o be_v re-drawn_a or_o re-remitted_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v or_o where_o the_o remitter_n will_v have_v his_o money_n exempli_fw-la gratia_fw-la a_o drawer_n have_v money_n lie_v at_o london_n and_o will_v glad_o have_v it_o at_o dantzick_n the_o drawer_n at_o dantzick_n can_v direct_o draw_v his_o money_n in_o from_o london_n but_o first_o he_o draw_v on_o hambrough_n or_o amsterdam_n and_o then_o order_v his_o friend_n at_o hambrough_n or_o amsterdam_n to_o draw_v upon_o london_n ii_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o exchange_n be_v either_o first_o because_o direct_o there_o be_v no_o
polish_v guilder_n and_o groshe_fw-mi and_o not_o in_o pound_n flemish_n it_o present_o reflect_v suspicion_n upon_o the_o factor_n as_o if_o he_o have_v clip_v the_o course_n xxiii_o if_o one_o factor_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o commission_n from_o divers_a principal_n whether_o in_o exchange_n or_o other_o affair_n without_o any_o limitation_n and_o he_o do_v effectual_o perform_v the_o say_v commission_n but_o perhaps_o in_o different_a course_n or_o at_o several_a price_n that_o he_o can_v possible_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o equality_n then_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o reason_n that_o he_o let_v that_o principal_a which_o to_o he_o be_v or_o may_v prove_v the_o best_a have_v the_o most_o advantage_n but_o yet_o he_o be_v oblige_v so_o to_o manage_v the_o affair_n that_o one_o principal_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o the_o most_o advantageous_a and_o the_o other_o all_o the_o most_o disadvantageous_a course_n and_o price_n but_o he_o must_v endeavour_v to_o give_v all_o satisfaction_n and_o content_a as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v that_o he_o may_v with_o confidence_n answer_v they_o all_o xxiv_o if_o a_o factor_n have_v order_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o purpose_n from_o divers_a principal_n but_o one_o limit_n he_o to_o a_o course_n and_o price_n the_o other_o not_o if_o he_o can_v and_o do_v effect_n both_o their_o commission_n at_o the_o limit_v price_n and_o course_n or_o yet_o more_o for_o their_o advantage_n then_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o the_o principal_a that_o give_v not_o limit_n shall_v be_v prefer_v if_o there_o be_v any_o advantage_n because_o if_o the_o commission_n can_v not_o have_v be_v effect_v at_o the_o limit_v course_n and_o price_n he_o must_v have_v be_v content_a to_o have_v stand_v to_o and_o suffer_v the_o loss_n xxv_o if_o a_o factor_n have_v a_o double_a commission_n from_o one_o principal_a about_o draw_v and_o remit_v he_o must_v not_o effect_v the_o one_o unless_o he_o know_v how_o to_o effect_v the_o other_o or_o if_o to_o buy_v and_o draw_v he_o must_v not_o first_o draw_v and_o then_o buy_v if_o he_o do_v the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o it_o be_v but_o a_o half_a effect_v commission_n and_o will_v remain_v for_o the_o factor_n account_v and_o he_o must_v bear_v the_o loss_n xxvi_o the_o factor_n may_v and_o must_v place_v his_o principal_n to_o account_n courtagie_n and_o mackeleridge_n though_o the_o commission_n be_v effect_v without_o the_o interposition_n of_o either_o mackeler_n or_o broger_n but_o that_o factor_n that_o to_o spare_v the_o courtagie_n or_o mackeleridge_n and_o place_n it_o to_o his_o principal_n account_v over_o and_o above_o his_o provision_n will_v rather_o yield_v to_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o negotiation_n as_o to_o give_v more_o or_o take_v less_o do_v not_o honest_o and_o true_o serve_v his_o principal_n as_o he_o ought_v xxvii_o for_o courtagie_n of_o exchange_n whether_o in_o draw_v or_o remit_v usual_o one_o per_fw-la mille_fw-la be_v allow_v for_o provision_n for_o draw_v and_o remit_v each_o half_a per_fw-la cent_n but_o for_o accept_v and_o draw_v both_o but_o half_a per_fw-la cent_n xxviii_o a_o factor_n that_o be_v a_o creditor_n of_o the_o principal_a can_v detain_v that_o money_n that_o the_o principal_a have_v remit_v to_o he_o with_o order_n to_o remit_v again_o or_o otherwise_o dispose_v thereof_o for_o his_o credit_n and_o afterward_o effect_v his_o order_n value_v again_o upon_o he_o or_o buy_v upon_o credit_n sigism_n scaccia_n pag._n 388._o xxix_o if_o one_o partner_n order_v another_o to_o draw_v upon_o he_o or_o upon_o any_o other_o it_o be_v always_o suppose_a he_o may_v do_v it_o either_o in_o his_o own_o name_n alone_o or_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o partnership_n scaccia_n xxx_o if_o a_o principal_a order_n his_o factor_n to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o place_v they_o to_o account_v of_o a_o three_o person_n it_o suppose_v that_o the_o three_o person_n be_v the_o drawer_n debtor_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n do_v accept_v of_o the_o commission_n simple_o it_o do_v infer_v a_o assignation_n upon_o the_o three_o or_o at_o lest_o cessionem_fw-la nominis_fw-la of_o who_o the_o factor_n must_v seek_v his_o reimbursement_a sigism_n scaccia_n fol._n 387_o and_o 480._o xxxi_o if_o a_o factor_n have_v order_n to_o pay_v bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o to_o place_v they_o to_o the_o drawer_n account_n or_o if_o he_o pay_v supra_fw-la protest_v for_o the_o drawer_n account_v if_o the_o drawer_n will_v not_o re-imburse_a he_o he_o may_v by_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n proceed_v against_o the_o drawer_n scaccia_n xxxii_o the_o act_n of_o a_o quasi_fw-la factor_n can_v prejudice_v the_o principal_a unless_o there_o can_v be_v produce_v the_o principal_n order_n scaccia_n xxxiii_o no_o more_o than_o half_a per_fw-la cent_n be_v due_a for_o the_o provision_n both_o for_o the_o labour_n and_o the_o risco_fw-la if_o the_o factor_n stand_v del_fw-it credere_fw-la the_o italian_n allow_v but_o one_o three_o for_o both_o more_o than_o this_o usual_o and_o customary_a provision_n no_o factor_n can_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n take_v or_o demand_v unless_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o express_o and_o be_v the_o risco_fw-la can_v be_v weigh_v by_o ounce_n and_o pound_n and_o the_o most_o hazard_n may_v be_v when_o the_o least_o appear_v and_o contra_fw-la and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o fool_n that_o will_v for_o so_o little_a provision_n run_v a_o eminent_a hazard_n therefore_o its_o ill_a to_o talk_v of_o provision_n for_o the_o risco_fw-la scaccia_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o draw_v in_o commission_n rule_n i._o draw_v in_o commission_n be_v either_o for_o the_o account_n of_o he_o on_o who_o be_v draw_v who_o be_v the_o acceptant_fw-la or_o for_o a_o three_o person_n ii_o when_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v for_o the_o account_n of_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v prompt_a and_o punctual_a advice_n must_v be_v give_v he_o what_o sum_n and_o distinct_o in_o how_o many_o bill_n what_o date_n to_o who_o and_o when_o payable_a from_o who_o the_o value_n at_o what_o course_n and_o how_o much_o he_o will_v therefore_o be_v credit_v in_o the_o account_n iii_o bill_n must_v not_o be_v draw_v for_o the_o account_n of_o a_o three_o without_o special_a order_n from_o the_o person_n for_o who_o account_n it_o be_v and_o the_o acceptant_fw-la shall_v also_o advise_v that_o he_o be_v order_v and_o will_v accept_v for_o the_o account_n of_o that_o three_o person_n before_o the_o drawer_n ought_v to_o draw_v iv_o when_o bill_n be_v draw_v for_o the_o account_n of_o a_o three_o punctual_a advice_n by_o the_o drawer_n to_o the_o person_n for_o who_o account_n and_o also_o to_o the_o accepter_n must_v be_v give_v v._o the_o accepter_n must_v be_v advise_v first_o for_o who_o account_n and_o then_o what_o sum_n in_o how_o many_o bill_n what_o date_n to_o who_o and_o when_o payable_a and_o from_o who_o the_o value_n but_o to_o add_v the_o course_n be_v not_o necessary_a unless_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v in_o a_o foreign_a or_o imaginary_a denomination_n of_o money_n wherein_o the_o merchant_n of_o that_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a do_v not_o keep_v their_o account_n and_o when_o the_o value_n of_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o course_n contract_v for_o as_o for_o instance_n exchange_n be_v draw_v at_o amsterdam_n on_o dantzick_n konigsbrough_n stockholme_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o pound_n flemish_n at_o so_o many_o grosh_n for_o the_o pound_n flemish_n vi_o the_o principal_a for_o who_o account_n it_o draw_v must_v be_v advise_v of_o the_o course_n on_o who_o be_v draw_v what_o sum_n at_o what_o time_n payable_a and_o the_o value_n that_o he_o be_v credit_v for_o but_o to_o advise_v he_o how_o many_o bill_n or_o with_o who_o be_v negotiate_v be_v not_o necessary_a at_o all_o vii_o in_o the_o make_n of_o bill_n draw_v for_o the_o account_n of_o a_o three_o some_o drawer_n observe_v this_o method_n in_o the_o conclude_a of_o the_o bill_n they_o say_v make_v good_a payment_n and_o place_n it_o to_o account_n of_o n._n n._n name_v the_o person_n or_o the_o two_o first_o letter_n of_o his_o name_n and_o surname_n to_o prevent_v and_o obviate_v a_o exception_n that_o the_o accepter_n may_v make_v that_o he_o accept_v not_o for_o such_o a_o account_n nor_o do_v satisfy_v the_o say_v bill_n for_o such_o and_o such_o a_o account_n but_o on_o the_o drawer_n account_v viii_o bill_n be_v and_o may_v sometime_o be_v draw_v upon_o another_o for_o a_o three_o person_n account_v and_o yet_o the_o accepter_n not_o know_v the_o person_n at_o all_o but_o such_o draught_n be_v always_o make_v upon_o the_o obligation_n and_o faithfulness_n of_o the_o drawer_n as_o for_o example_n a._n b._n be_v straighten_a for_o money_n and_o c._n d._n his_o friend_n can_v
acceptance_n procure_v draw_v it_o in_o or_o order_v his_o correspondent_a to_o receive_v it_o and_o pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la make_v the_o value_n receive_v he_o must_v observe_v well_o who_o name_n he_o make_v use_v of_o and_o to_o who_o he_o send_v such_o a_o bill_n that_o in_o case_n the_o say_a remitter_n pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la shall_v happen_v to_o draw_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n and_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n and_o the_o endorse_a shall_v be_v insolvent_a he_o the_o say_a drawer_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o rechange_v to_o the_o possessor_n of_o his_o bill_n without_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n or_o if_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v he_o do_v not_o change_v a_o bad_a debtor_n for_o a_o worse_o and_o quite_o lose_v his_o money_n xi_o when_o a_o drawer_n dare_v not_o draw_v in_o the_o bill_n the_o value_n wherefore_o he_o have_v make_v receive_v pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la fear_v the_o acceptant_fw-la shall_v not_o accept_v or_o not_o pay_v if_o he_o do_v accept_v and_o therefore_o make_v his_o bill_n payable_a direct_o to_o some_o live_n at_o the_o same_o place_n with_o his_o debtor_n and_o do_v advise_v the_o say_a correspondent_n that_o for_o reason_n know_v to_o himself_o the_o value_n be_v make_v receive_v pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la only_z in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o possessor_n must_v be_v prudent_a in_o case_n the_o drawer_n be_v not_o very_o sufficient_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o ought_v not_o pay_v the_o money_n he_o have_v receive_v on_o that_o bill_n unless_o the_o person_n who_o name_n be_v use_v in_o the_o bill_n do_v order_n he_o to_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o drawer_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o it_o or_o unless_o the_o drawer_n give_v he_o other_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n xii_o among_o exchange_n pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la must_v be_v reckon_v those_o bill_n that_o be_v draw_v on_o debtor_n but_o be_v send_v to_o the_o drawer_n creditor_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o he_o or_o his_o order_n the_o value_n of_o the_o same_o pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la concern_v which_o bill_n he_o make_v no_o agreement_n with_o the_o creditor_n concern_v the_o course_n only_o request_v he_o to_o procure_v payment_n and_o place_n it_o when_o receive_v to_o his_o account_n xiii_o a_o debtor_n that_o give_v such_o a_o bill_n to_o his_o creditor_n may_v demand_v a_o receipt_n from_o the_o creditor_n wherein_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o receipt_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o that_o his_o name_n as_o remitter_n be_v only_o use_v pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la and_o that_o he_o do_v oblige_v himself_o to_o demand_v the_o same_o and_o when_o pay_v either_o to_o remit_v it_o or_o make_v it_o good_a to_o the_o drawer_n or_o debtor_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n but_o in_o case_n he_o receive_v not_o the_o sum_n the_o drawer_n or_o debtor_n shall_v not_o put_v to_o any_o further_a charge_n for_o protest_v postidge_n etc._n etc._n fourteen_o a_o creditor_n that_o accept_v of_o such_o a_o bill_n from_o his_o debtor_n will_v do_v well_o and_o wise_o to_o let_v the_o drawer_n or_o debtor_n give_v he_o a_o note_n under_o his_o hand_n whereby_o he_o desire_v the_o say_a creditor_n to_o send_v his_o bill_n to_o his_o correspondent_n or_o to_o demand_v acceptance_n and_o payment_n that_o in_o case_n the_o money_n shall_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o correspondent_a but_o not_o remit_v to_o the_o creditor_n or_o be_v remit_v the_o remise_n be_v not_o pay_v or_o the_o creditor_n not_o protest_v in_o due_a manner_n and_o form_n etc._n etc._n the_o debtor_n may_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o his_o creditor_n and_o force_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o loss_n xv._o when_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o debtor_n agree_v with_o his_o creditor_n concering_n the_o course_n whether_o before_o or_o after_o the_o acceptance_n thereof_o and_o do_v credit_v his_o account_n currant_n for_o the_o sum_n or_o else_o when_o another_o who_o name_n be_v use_v pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la agree_v for_o the_o course_n with_o the_o drawer_n and_o pay_v he_o the_o value_n than_o this_o exchange_n pro_fw-la formâ_fw-la lose_v its_o nature_n and_o become_v real_a and_o actual_a and_o in_o case_n of_o protest_n the_o drawer_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v good_a the_o re-change_n and_o charge_n xvi_o when_o such_o a_o bill_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o debtor_n be_v by_o the_o creditor_n draw_v in_o and_o the_o value_n be_v make_v he_o good_a in_o the_o account_n currant_n in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o loss_n by_o re-change_n and_o the_o charge_n come_v to_o the_o account_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o debtor_n but_o if_o the_o creditor_n draw_v in_o the_o bill_n without_o the_o order_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o debtor_n than_o he_o himself_o must_v bear_v the_o loss_n if_o any_o happen_v chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o dry-exchange_n rule_n i._n merchant_n exchange_n do_v proper_o consist_v in_o a_o give_a money_n in_o one_o place_n to_o receive_v the_o value_n at_o a_o certain_a course_n agree_v on_o in_o another_o dry_a exchange_n consist_v in_o a_o give_n of_o money_n also_o but_o the_o repayment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o money_n be_v give_v and_o such_o a_o sum_n certain_a over_o and_o above_o as_o the_o giver_n of_o money_n can_v get_v and_o agree_v for_o which_o be_v interest_n at_o least_o and_o sometime_o more_o so_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n be_v a_o substantial_a or_o essential_a part_n of_o exchange_n and_o as_o the_o marrow_n and_o soul_n thereof_o which_o be_v awanting_a in_o these_o sort_n of_o exchange_n they_o be_v therefore_o call_v cambia_n sicca_n dry_v exchange_n ii_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o exchange_n sometime_o the_o sum_n to_o be_v repay_v for_o the_o sum_n receive_v be_v fix_v determine_v and_o certain_a sometime_o uncertain_a and_o accidental_a iii_o when_o the_o sum_n to_o be_v repaid_a be_v fix_v and_o certain_a than_o the_o giver_n have_v a_o certain_a and_o fix_a profit_n and_o advance_v which_o be_v also_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o real_a exchange_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o usurer_n ex-change_n by_o which_o they_o may_v more_o secure_o oppress_v their_o debtor_n iv_o for_o usual_o they_o have_v one_o of_o these_o three_o design_n in_o their_o eye_n that_o dispose_n of_o their_o money_n after_o this_o manner_n 1._o that_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a of_o their_o money_n at_o the_o appoint_a time_n 2._o to_o get_v a_o certain_a interest_n and_o to_o have_v better_a security_n for_o their_o money_n than_o the_o usual_a bill_n bond_n and_o obligation_n be_v or_o 3._o to_o drive_v a_o unlawful_a trade_n of_o unlawful_a usury_n v._o he_o that_o on_o this_o manner_n dispose_v of_o his_o money_n can_v at_o any_o time_n when_o he_o please_v make_v himself_o master_n thereof_o again_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o he_o can_v then_o at_o any_o time_n negotiate_v and_o draw_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n with_o reputation_n and_o credit_n and_o let_v it_o be_v draw_v in_o from_o any_o other_o place_n which_o he_o can_v do_v with_o any_o other_o obligation_n bill_n bond_n or_o recognizance_n etc._n etc._n vi_o and_o such_o a_o one_o do_v secure_v his_o money_n better_a by_o such_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n than_o by_o any_o obligation_n whatever_o because_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o day_n punctual_o he_o have_v present_a execution_n ready_a at_o hand_n by_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n and_o he_o have_v preferrence_n before_o all_o other_o demander_n as_o if_o he_o have_v a_o judgement_n confess_v vii_o a_o usurer_n have_v also_o this_o advantage_n by_o such_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o the_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v be_v only_o mention_v in_o the_o bill_n not_o the_o sum_n that_o be_v receive_v so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v know_v what_o interest_n such_o a_o one_o receive_v viii_o with_o these_o kind_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n upon_o frankford_n fair_a and_o return_v have_v a_o great_a affinity_n when_o the_o drawer_n and_o remitter_n do_v negotiate_v together_o upon_o the_o return_n etc._n etc._n ix_o the_o value_n agree_v upon_o to_o be_v repaid_a be_v uncertain_a and_o accidental_a when_o in_o the_o bargain_v they_o agree_v concern_v the_o course_n to_o such_o and_o such_o a_o place_n or_o fair_a but_o the_o drawer_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o money_n in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o receive_v it_o and_o in_o such_o a_o course_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n to_o such_o a_o certain_a place_n as_o for_o example_n e._n give_v f._n 1000_o ggd._n on_o the_o frankford_n fair_a with_o condition_n that_o the_o sum_n shall_v not_o be_v pay_v at_o frankford_n but_o at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o fair_a at_o amsterdam_n and_o that_o in_o such_o a_o course_n
the_o drawer_n himself_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o acceptant_fw-la of_o his_o bill_n be_v fail_v yet_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o give_v any_o caution_n security_n or_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o remitter_n till_o the_o protest_v be_v produce_v but_o if_o the_o remitter_n or_o possessor_n have_v the_o bill_n return_v without_o the_o protest_v or_o the_o protest_v without_o the_o bill_n or_o both_o the_o protest_v and_o the_o bill_n and_o show_v they_o to_o the_o drawer_n than_o he_o be_v oblige_v instant_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n or_o security_n for_o the_o re-change_n and_o charge_n xxv_o yet_o let_v no_o wise_a drawer_n make_v retistution_n of_o the_o value_n he_o receive_v or_o of_o the_o rechange_v and_o charge_n upon_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o protest_v for_o the_o insolvency_n of_o the_o acceptant_fw-la but_o upon_o the_o produce_v thereof_o be_v require_v thereto_o let_v he_o give_v security_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v payable_a if_o there_o be_v yet_o time_n enough_o or_o of_o the_o re-change_n when_o the_o bill_n by_o he_o fail_v acceptant_fw-la accept_v be_v produce_v which_o bill_n if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v he_o need_v not_o restore_v or_o repay_v any_o thing_n but_o upon_o sufficient_a security_n to_o deliver_v the_o bill_n and_o to_o discharge_v he_o from_o all_o future_a demand_n and_o to_o make_v restitution_n thereof_o with_o interest_n in_o case_n the_o say_a bill_n be_v pay_v to_o any_o supra_fw-la protest_v but_o if_o there_o be_v not_o time_n enough_o to_o order_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v payable_a then_o let_v the_o drawer_n give_v security_n to_o pay_v it_o to_o the_o remitter_n in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v draw_v when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o bill_n shall_v be_v expire_v xxvi_o a_o drawer_n or_o endorse_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n protest_v for_o the_o fail_n and_o insolvency_n of_o the_o acceptant_fw-la as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n whereof_o see_v ch._n 13._o &_o further_o not_o xxvii_o when_o the_o drawer_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o remitter_n have_v make_v his_o bill_n payable_a to_o order_n and_o that_o bill_n be_v afterward_o endorse_v and_o draw_v in_o from_o several_a place_n and_o shall_v in_o case_n of_o the_o failure_n of_o the_o acceptant_fw-la be_v return_v the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v than_o the_o drawer_n may_v tell_v the_o remitter_n to_o who_o he_o may_v address_v himself_o for_o payment_n at_o the_o day_n give_v sufficient_a security_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o which_o if_o he_o do_v he_o be_v not_o further_o oblige_v to_o any_o nor_o for_o more_o than_o the_o charge_n of_o protest_v and_o postidge_n and_o the_o remitter_n must_v accept_v hereof_o and_o according_o order_v his_o correspondent_a to_o make_v his_o address_n to_o such_o a_o person_n but_o the_o drawer_n must_v order_v his_o friend_n not_o to_o pay_v any_o money_n but_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o or_o security_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o potested_a bill_n with_o the_o protest_v xxviii_o when_o any_o be_v draw_v on_o and_o remit_v to_o in_o bill_n payable_a to_o himself_o and_o he_o have_v advise_v that_o he_o accept_v of_o the_o draught_n if_o this_o acceptant_fw-la and_o possessor_n of_o the_o bill_n shall_v chance_v to_o fail_v before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a than_o the_o loss_n fall_v upon_o the_o drawer_n or_o on_o he_o for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n be_v draw_v and_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v good_a the_o re-change_n and_o charge_n though_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v in_o due_a form_n and_o course_n but_o if_o he_o fail_v on_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n or_o after_o than_o the_o bill_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o pay_v and_o the_o loss_n fall_v upon_o he_o for_o who_o account_n be_v remit_v though_o it_o shall_v formal_o be_v protest_v within_o the_o day_n of_o respite_n xxix_o when_o a_o sum_n be_v draw_v for_o the_o account_n of_o a_o three_o and_o the_o bill_n be_v for_o his_o account_n accept_v if_o he_o for_o who_o account_n be_v draw_v shall_v fail_v without_o make_v provision_n to_o discharge_v the_o accept_a bill_n yet_o the_o acceptant_fw-la must_v pay_v it_o and_o have_v no_o redress_n on_o the_o drawer_n xxx_o if_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o order_n and_o for_o account_v of_o a_o three_o and_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o acceptant_fw-la if_o the_o acceptant_fw-la fail_v the_o drawer_n must_v make_v good_a the_o re-change_n and_o charge_n but_o yet_o he_o have_v his_o redress_n on_o he_o for_o who_o account_n he_o draw_v and_o may_v charge_v his_o account_n therewith_o though_o the_o say_a person_n have_v already_o make_v sufficient_a provision_n good_a to_o the_o acceptant_fw-la or_o have_v accept_v his_o acceptant_n bill_n for_o the_o value_n and_o if_o both_o the_o acceptant_fw-la and_o the_o person_n for_o who_o account_n be_v draw_v shall_v fail_v the_o bill_n be_v accept_v the_o drawer_n may_v then_o come_v upon_o they_o both_o for_o satisfaction_n xxxi_o when_o a_o bill_n draw_v and_o accept_v for_o the_o account_n of_o a_o three_o and_o the_o acceptant_fw-la fail_v before_o he_o for_o who_o account_n the_o bill_n be_v draw_v have_v make_v the_o acceptant_fw-la sufficient_a provision_n for_o the_o discharge_n thereof_o if_o the_o drawer_n shall_v also_o fail_v than_o he_o for_o who_o account_n be_v draw_v need_v not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v persuade_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n and_o receive_v it_o because_o it_o be_v draw_v for_o his_o account_n unless_o the_o possessor_n will_v give_v he_o sufficient_a security_n to_o save_v he_o harmless_a both_o from_o the_o drawer_n and_o acceptant_fw-la and_o their_o creditor_n assign_v and_o curator_n etc._n etc._n xxxii_o when_o the_o acceptant_fw-la of_o a_o bill_n fail_v before_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o discharge_v the_o same_o and_o the_o drawer_n fail_v also_o than_o he_o for_o who_o account_n be_v draw_v and_o accept_v need_v not_o discharge_v the_o bill_n and_o pay_v the_o value_n either_o to_o the_o acceptant_fw-la his_o creditor_n or_o curator_n unless_o it_o appear_v to_o he_o that_o the_o possessor_n be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o acceptant_fw-la or_o some_o other_o for_o his_o account_n and_o do_v relinquish_v all_o pretence_n to_o both_o the_o acceptant_n and_o drawer_n effect_n or_o unless_o he_o be_v sufficient_o secure_v from_o all_o damage_n that_o may_v accrue_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o say_a draught_n and_o acceptance_n xxxiii_o when_o the_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n payable_a to_o his_o order_n fail_v and_o to_o defraud_v his_o creditor_n endorse_v the_o bill_n to_o another_o who_o negotiate_v the_o same_o and_o effectual_o receive_v the_o value_n and_o do_v again_o endorse_v it_o to_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n yet_o though_o the_o creditor_n shall_v oppose_v it_o and_o discover_v the_o fraud_n the_o acceptant_fw-la must_v pay_v it_o to_o he_o who_o come_v to_o receive_v it_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o pay_v the_o value_n thereof_o real_o but_o if_o the_o fail_v possessor_n have_v make_v it_o payable_a to_o any_o other_o direct_o he_o may_v probable_o be_v allow_v provision_n but_o he_o must_v prove_v how_o and_o when_o he_o pay_v the_o value_n and_o must_v swear_v that_o before_o the_o failure_n of_o the_o endorse_a be_v know_v the_o same_o bill_n without_o any_o colour_n or_o fraud_n be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o he_o may_v receive_v the_o principal_a if_o the_o creditor_n oppose_v he_o and_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v this_o he_o must_v not_o receive_v a_o farthing_n of_o the_o sum_n or_o if_o he_o have_v receive_v it_o he_o must_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v it_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o creditor_n in_o common_a and_o must_v also_o be_v oblige_v to_o draw_v in_o and_o endorse_v the_o bill_n that_o he_o receive_v from_o the_o fail_v possessor_n to_o defraud_v they_o xxxiv_o when_o a_o bill_n payable_a in_o currant_n money_n be_v make_v or_o endorse_v payable_a to_o any_o possessor_n that_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o acceptant_fw-la fail_v before_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n if_o he_o afterward_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o he_o his_o fail_a being_n unknown_a such_o payment_n be_v good_a and_o vail_v but_o if_o he_o pay_v to_o any_o other_o upon_o order_n of_o the_o possessor_n and_o know_v of_o the_o fail_n of_o the_o say_a possessor_n he_o do_v very_o unwise_o and_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o pay_v it_o twice_o xxxv_o when_o the_o possessor_n of_o a_o bill_n fail_v and_o the_o acceptant_fw-la can_v prove_v and_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o bill_n be_v remit_v for_o the_o possessor_n account_n or_o upon_o account_n of_o what_o the_o remitter_n or_o any_o other_o for_o who_o account_n it_o be_v remit_v be_v indebt_v to_o the_o possessor_n
creditor_n know_v what_o the_o law_n in_o these_o case_n be_v and_o have_v frequent_a opportunity_n to_o make_v demand_n or_o to_o puruse_v at_o law_n for_o nonpayment_n or_o if_o such_o a_o consent_n imply_v a_o renunciation_n remission_n or_o satisfaction_n than_o we_o can_v suppose_v that_o any_o long_a time_n be_v require_v to_o prescribe_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o when_o a_o debt_n may_v convenient_o be_v demand_v but_o be_v neither_o demand_v nor_o protest_v that_o then_o it_o be_v pay_v and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o thus_o there_o will_v be_v no_o end_n of_o controversy_n and_o dispute_n among_o merchant_n for_o they_o many_o time_n when_o their_o bill_n be_v pay_v either_o negligent_o or_o in_o confidence_n of_o their_o creditor_n honesty_n leave_v they_o in_o their_o creditor_n hand_n and_o here_o observe_v that_o as_o to_o the_o ready_a execution_n that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v privilege_v with_o when_o protest_v if_o not_o present_o &_o extempore_o put_v in_o execution_n when_o they_o convenient_o may_v be_v in_o so_o far_o prescribe_v that_o they_o then_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o any_o other_o ordinary_a bill_n or_o bond_n which_o must_v be_v sue_v for_o in_o the_o ordinary_a method_n case_n 5._o if_o a_o creditor_n upon_o any_o pretence_n refuse_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n due_a upon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n etc._n etc._n what_o be_v then_o to_o be_v do_v answ_n deposit_n the_o value_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n or_o any_o other_o sufficient_a person_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o bill_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v account_v good_a payment_n and_o discharge_v both_o the_o acceptant_fw-la and_o the_o drawer_n if_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n case_n 6._o if_o the_o value_n of_o money_n be_v enhance_v or_o depress_v between_o the_o make_n and_o dissolve_v the_o contract_n by_o payment_n who_o shall_v the_o profit_n or_o the_o loss_n be_v answ_n the_o value_n of_o money_n may_v be_v enhance_v or_o depress_v two_o way_n intrinsical_o and_o extrinsical_o as_o to_o the_o extrinsic_a value_n of_o money_n the_o loss_n without_o controversy_n be_v the_o creditor_n and_o the_o profit_n also_o be_v as_o be_v assert_v in_o the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n fourteen_o proposition_n but_o as_o to_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o money_n if_o in_o this_o interval_n of_o time_n it_o be_v enhance_v or_o depress_v if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o worse_o or_o a_o better_a allay_n of_o great_a or_o lesser_a prize_n than_o the_o debtor_n must_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n of_o make_v the_o contract_n and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o old_a species_n of_o the_o old_a value_n be_v to_o be_v have_v he_o shall_v pay_v in_o that_o species_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o his_o profit_n or_o to_o his_o loss_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v clear_a if_o i_o borrow_v any_o commodity_n to_o pay_v again_o in_o specie_fw-la both_o the_o extrinsic_a and_o intrinsic_a value_n thereof_o must_v beconsider_v as_o for_o instance_n i_o borrow_v of_o my_o neighbour_n ten_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n the_o quarter_n be_v then_o value_v at_o 40_o s._n now_o when_o i_o will_v pay_v my_o neighbour_n his_o wheat_n again_o if_o what_o i_o will_v pay_v with_o be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o i_o receive_v which_o be_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o i_o shall_v proportionable_o give_v he_o again_o more_o than_o the_o ten_o quarter_n and_o if_o my_o wheat_n be_v better_a there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o proportionable_o so_o much_o less_o shall_v be_v restore_v i_o allow_v he_o the_o usual_a lawful_a interest_n of_o his_o money_n for_o the_o time_n so_o also_o as_o to_o the_o extrinsic_a value_n suppose_v that_o the_o wheat_n i_o will_v pay_v with_o be_v as_o good_a every_o way_n as_o that_o i_o receive_v but_o what_o then_o be_v buy_v for_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la quarter_n may_v now_o be_v worth_a 50_o s._n or_o it_o may_v be_v be_v fall_v and_o worth_a no_o more_o than_o 30_o s._n if_o the_o debtor_n then_o pay_v the_o quantity_n he_o be_v discharge_v nor_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o extrinsic_a value_n the_o profit_n &_o loss_n thereof_o be_v the_o creditor_n as_o before_o be_v say_v only_o let_v i_o here_o add_v that_o we_o only_o speak_v of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o which_o suppose_v punctual_a payment_n whereas_o if_o a_o debtor_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n put_v off_o and_o delay_v payment_n after_o its_o due_a there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o if_o there_o be_v loss_n he_o shall_v bear_v it_o and_o if_o there_o be_v profit_n that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v have_v it_o because_o he_o himself_o the_o debtor_n be_v in_o fault_n case_n 7._o if_o a_o creditor_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v receive_v of_o his_o debtor_n or_o of_o the_o debtor_n debtor_n or_o of_o any_o other_o at_o the_o debtor_n instance_n other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o other_o person_n if_o these_o person_n pay_v not_o whether_o be_v the_o debtor_n discharge_v or_o no_o or_o suppose_v for_o instance_n i_o owe_v you_o 100_o l._n sterling_n upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o titius_n owe_v i_o a_o 100_o l._n sterling_n upon_o exchange_n also_o wherefore_o i_o desire_v titius_n to_o make_v and_o give_v you_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a at_o amsterdam_n for_o the_o value_n which_o you_o accept_v of_o and_o discharge_v i_o but_o before_o these_o bill_n be_v pay_v the_o person_n they_o be_v draw_v upon_o fail_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o this_o discharge_v be_v good_a or_o no_o and_o you_o must_v only_o seek_v your_o regress_n upon_o titius_n etc._n etc._n answ_n the_o discharge_n be_v good_a and_o you_o can_v only_o seek_v your_o regress_n against_o titius_n for_o here_o be_v a_o relinquish_a the_o first_o debtor_n and_o a_o take_n of_o another_o in_o his_o stead_n which_o be_v a_o novation_n which_o do_v always_o extinguish_v the_o first_o contract_n on_o this_o occasion_n we_o may_v speak_v short_o to_o five_o case_n more_o of_o this_o nature_n 1._o i_o be_o your_o debtor_n and_o ceulus_n his_o creditor_n and_o i_o assign_v you_o upon_o ceulus_n to_o receive_v your_o payment_n order_v he_o to_o pay_v you_o ceulus_n be_v then_o absent_a you_o receive_v my_o assignation_n and_o deliver_v i_o my_o bill_n etc._n etc._n be_o i_o then_o discharge_v if_o ceulus_n pay_v not_o answ_n no_o for_o here_o be_v but_o a_o simple_a cessio_fw-la nominis_fw-la and_o that_o of_o one_o that_o be_v absent_a and_o therefore_o do_v not_o accept_v of_o the_o payment_n and_o this_o be_v not_o a_o assignation_n proper_o and_o therefore_o no_o novation_n it_o be_v but_o a_o order_n to_o receive_v it_o in_o another_o place_n and_o be_v therefore_o no_o payment_n and_o therefore_o i_o still_o remain_v oblige_v if_o you_o have_v be_v diligent_a in_o demand_v payment_n and_o can_v procure_v none_o 2._o suppose_v ceulus_n be_v present_a and_o do_v then_o accept_v of_o the_o order_n to_o make_v payment_n or_o afterward_o do_v accept_v and_o promise_v to_o make_v payment_n and_o you_o consent_v to_o take_v your_o payment_n of_o he_o be_o i_o then_o discharge_v if_o payment_n follow_v not_o answ_n in_o the_o affirmative_a because_o here_o be_v a_o assignation_n proper_o which_o be_v more_o than_o cessio_fw-la nominis_fw-la because_o of_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n and_o be_v indeed_o a_o novation_n qui_fw-la delegat_fw-la solbit_fw-la in_o this_o case_n because_o that_o nomen_fw-la debitoris_fw-la in_o solutum_fw-la and_o here_o the_o first_o debtor_n have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o prove_v his_o debt_n unless_o he_o also_o oblige_v himself_o for_o his_o debtor_n sufficiency_n which_o condition_n do_v alter_v the_o case_n etc._n etc._n 3._o suppose_v i_o be_o your_o debtor_n and_o order_n ceulus_n my_o cashier_n to_o pay_v who_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o but_o before_o he_o pay_v he_o fail_v be_o i_o then_o discharge_v answ_n the_o hazard_n be_v still_o the_o creditor_n for_o whether_o the_o cashier_n be_v my_o debtor_n or_o not_o it_o be_v still_o a_o assignation_n which_o discharge_v i_o from_o you_o for_o another_o have_v undertake_v to_o pay_v my_o debt_n and_o my_o creditor_n be_v therewith_o satisfy_v what_o more_o can_v he_o pretend_v of_o i_o my_o cashier_n be_v always_o suppose_v to_o have_v ready_a cash_n of_o i_o in_o his_o hand_n when_o he_o undertake_v to_o pay_v my_o debt_n and_o the_o creditor_n may_v blame_v himself_o if_o he_o do_v not_o timous_o enough_o receive_v it_o from_o my_o cashier_n but_o here_o be_v a_o exception_n if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o first_o debtor_n be_v conscious_a of_o the_o design_a failure_n of_o his_o debtor_n