gain_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o follow_v in_o the_o definition_n as_o the_o difference_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o free_a lend_n that_o it_o be_v for_o gain_v by_o gain_n be_v mean_v any_o addition_n overplus_n or_o increase_v over_o and_o above_o the_o 〈◊〉_d principal_a whether_o it_o be_v money_n or_o money_n worth_n require_v not_o for_o the_o indemnity_n of_o the_o creditor_n to_o save_v he_o harmless_a but_o for_o his_o advantage_n to_o make_v he_o a_o gainer_n by_o lend_v for_o that_o only_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v gain_n which_o be_v a_o overplus_n clear_o get_v above_o the_o principal_a and_o whereas_o i_o say_v it_o be_v either_o money_n or_o money_n worth_a this_o money_n worth_n reach_v far_o not_o only_o to_o good_n and_o ware_n but_o also_o to_o labour_n and_o service_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v valuable_a by_o money_n may_v lawful_o be_v let_v or_o sell_v for_o money_n and_o when_o i_o say_v that_o usury_n be_v lend_v for_o gain_n it_o be_v mean_v that_o in_o the_o first_o act_n of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n or_o afterward_o in_o the_o forbear_n whereby_o that_o lend_n be_v continue_v gain_n be_v if_o not_o covenant_v for_o yet_o at_o the_o least_o intend_a so_o that_o where_o there_o be_v a_o covenant_n or_o intent_n of_o gain_n by_o loan_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o first_o act_n of_o lend_v or_o afterward_o in_o the_o forbear_n it_o be_v usury_n and_o contrariwise_o where_o there_o be_v neither_o a_o covenant_n nor_o intent_n of_o gain_n in_o lend_v or_o forbear_v there_o be_v not_o usury_n though_o there_o be_v a_o overplus_n or_o increase_v receive_v over_o and_o beside_o the_o principal_a now_o that_o usury_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v define_v it_o be_v evident_a first_o because_o as_o all_o usury_n be_v lend_v for_o gain_n as_o no_o man_n of_o learning_n will_v deny_v so_o reciprocal_o all_o lend_n for_o gain_n be_v usury_n neither_o can_v it_o true_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o other_o contract_n as_o i_o will_v make_v it_o plain_a anon_o when_o i_o shall_v show_v how_o usury_n by_o his_o definition_n be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o contract_n whatsoever_o second_o because_o all_o lend_n for_o gain_n and_o all_o gain_n require_v for_o loan_n be_v in_o the_o scripture_n condemn_v under_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n the_o hebrew_n word_n neshek_n be_v the_o ordinary_a name_n to_o signify_v usury_n as_o foenus_fw-la in_o latin_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a or_o usury_n in_o english_a for_o the_o money_n which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v call_v noshek_n a_o biter_n or_o which_o bit_v and_o the_o hebrew_n phrase_n which_o signify_v to_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v to_o bite_v as_o appear_v plain_o deut._n 23._o 19_o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o thy_o brother_n money_n or_o meat_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o asheriishak_n which_o bit_v that_o be_v which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n for_o whatsoever_o the_o usurer_n dare_v it_o have_v tooth_n and_o jaw_n to_o eat_v and_o consume_v the_o substance_n of_o other_o man_n his_o corn_n or_o victual_n which_o be_v make_v to_o be_v eat_v do_v eat_v and_o his_o money_n which_o be_v make_v to_o be_v spend_v do_v waste_v the_o substance_n of_o other_o and_o therefore_o hebrew_a writer_n do_v teach_v that_o in_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n be_v include_v a_o admonition_n not_o to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n for_o he_o which_o take_v money_n upon_o usury_n take_v as_o it_o be_v a_o serpent_n into_o his_o bosom_n now_o the_o money_n which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v say_v to_o bite_v or_o gnaw_v because_o it_o bit_v &_o gnaw_v away_o some_o of_o the_o borrower_n good_n which_o when_o it_o be_v repay_v it_o bring_v with_o it_o to_o the_o lender_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o usurer_n who_o dare_v forth_o his_o money_n upon_o usury_n be_v say_v in_o the_o same_o place_n tasshik_n to_o cause_v his_o money_n to_o bite_v and_o the_o gain_n or_o overplus_n whether_o it_o be_v more_o or_o less_o which_o the_o money_n lend_v upon_o usury_n have_v bite_v away_o from_o the_o borrower_n whither_o he_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a be_v call_v neshek_n and_o further_o that_o neshek_n be_v the_o ordinary_a word_n in_o the_o scripture_n to_o signify_v usury_n and_o also_o that_o all_o increase_n and_o gain_v above_o the_o principal_n exact_v for_o loan_n be_v usury_n be_v manifest_o prove_v by_o the_o other_o word_n which_o the_o holy_a ghost_n use_v to_o expound_v the_o word_n neshek_n and_o to_o signify_v usury_n those_o be_v tarbith_n and_o marbith_n both_o derive_v from_o the_o same_o root_n rabah_n which_o signify_v to_o increase_v &_o they_o be_v fit_o translate_v incrementum_fw-la augmentum_fw-la increase_n amplius_fw-la more_fw-mi so_o that_o he_o which_o exact_v a_o increase_n or_o gain_v above_o his_o principal_n or_o require_v more_o by_o covenant_n than_o he_o lend_v he_o take_v tarbith_n or_o marbith_n that_o be_v usury_n the_o grecian_n translate_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v say_v balsamon_n nysseni_n scholiaste_v when_o a_o man_n do_v lend_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v receive_v more_o than_o he_o give_v and_o that_o these_o word_n be_v use_v for_o exposition_n of_o neshek_n first_o the_o text_n itself_o in_o the_o scripture_n levit._n 25._o 36_o 37._o pro._n 28._o 8._o ezec._n 18._o 13._o &_o 22._o 12._o do_v plain_o prove_v where_o these_o word_n be_v use_v as_o synonyma_fw-la that_o be_v as_o word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n tarbith_n and_o marbith_n be_v set_v after_o neshek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v by_o way_n of_o exposition_n this_o be_v also_o testify_v by_o d._n kimhi_n write_v upon_o ezech._n 18_o where_o he_o set_v this_o down_o as_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o jew_n tarbith_n that_o neshek_n and_o tarbith_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v confess_v by_o calvin_n himself_o that_o whereas_o usurer_n avoid_v the_o name_n neshek_n which_o signify_v bite_v as_o they_o do_v the_o name_n usury_n among_o we_o as_o be_v odious_a and_o therefore_o allege_v that_o they_o take_v not_o neshek_v but_o tarbith_n as_o among_o we_o they_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o take_v usury_n but_o consideration_n 37_o usance_n or_o interest_n therefore_o the_o lord_n forbid_v as_o well_o tarbith_n as_o neshek_n whereby_o he_o condemn_v general_o quamlibet_fw-la sortis_fw-la accessionem_fw-la say_v calvin_n any_o addition_n or_o increase_n above_o the_o principal_a and_o upon_o ezechiel_n cap._n 18._o he_o say_v the_o prophet_n condemn_v not_o only_o neshek_v which_o signify_v bite_v but_o also_o tarbith_n which_o he_o translate_v incrementum_fw-la increase_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o quicquid_fw-la lucri_fw-la sibi_fw-la avari_fw-la homines_fw-la conciliant_fw-la ex_fw-la mutuo_fw-la that_o be_v whatsoever_o gain_v covetous_a man_n do_v get_v to_o themselves_o by_o loan_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o foenus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o fruit_n or_o birth_n of_o money_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o last_o this_o be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o ancient_a writer_n in_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n as_o of_o ambrose_n hicrome_n and_o augustinc_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o counsel_n hold_v at_o agatha_n all_o which_o be_v to_o this_o purpose_n cite_v by_o gratian_n 3._o to_o prove_v that_o whensoever_o any_o gain_n be_v exact_v for_o loan_n above_o the_o principal_a it_o be_v usury_n for_o whereas_o some_o imagine_a that_o they_o commit_v not_o usury_n because_o they_o take_v no_o increase_n or_o gain_v in_o money_n but_o in_o ware_n and_o other_o commodity_n 14._o ambrose_n say_v et_fw-la escâ—_n usurâ—_n est_fw-la &_o vestis_fw-la usurâ—_n est_fw-la &_o quodcunque_fw-la sorti_fw-la accedit_fw-la usurâ—_n est_fw-la quod_fw-la â—elis_fw-la ei_fw-la nomen_fw-la imponas_fw-la usurâ—_n est_fw-la meat_n be_v usury_n and_o garment_n be_v usury_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v add_v over_o and_o beside_o the_o principal_a it_o be_v usury_n give_v it_o what_o name_n you_o will_v it_o be_v usury_n 18._o hierome_n likewise_o some_o think_v say_v he_o that_o usury_n be_v only_o in_o money_n which_o the_o holy_a scripture_n foresee_v take_v away_o the_o overplus_n of_o every_o thing_n ut_fw-la plus_fw-la non_fw-la recipiâ—s_fw-la quam_fw-la dedisti_fw-la that_o thou_o receive_v no_o more_o than_o thou_o do_v give_v again_o some_o say_v he_o for_o money_n lend_v receive_v gift_n of_o diverse_a kind_n and_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v call_v usury_n and_o increase_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v that_o they_o receive_v above_o that_o which_o they_o give_v and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o be_v allege_v out_o of_o the_o counsel_n hold_v at_o agatha_n vsurâ—_n est_fw-la ubi_fw-la amplius_fw-la
full_o and_o more_o learned_o discourse_n of_o this_o controversy_n than_o it_o have_v be_v handle_v by_o other_o man_n of_o great_a read_n and_o ripe_a experience_n yet_o see_v the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o this_o place_n reckon_v abstinence_n from_o usury_n among_o the_o mark_n of_o god_n child_n whereunto_o we_o be_v now_o by_o order_n come_v have_v already_o entreat_v of_o those_o which_o go_v before_o i_o may_v not_o nor_o will_v not_o refuse_v to_o set_v down_o what_o we_o be_v to_o hold_v concern_v this_o controversy_n and_o as_o god_n shall_v enable_v i_o to_o determine_v this_o question_n that_o if_o usury_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lawful_a and_o warrantable_a by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o usurer_n may_v hereafter_o practice_v it_o in_o faith_n which_o hitherto_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a they_o can_v never_o do_v or_o if_o it_o shall_v appear_v to_o be_v utter_o unlawful_a that_o they_o whole_o abstain_v and_o desist_v from_o the_o practice_n thereof_o as_o ever_o they_o hope_v to_o rest_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o god_n holiness_n of_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n and_o of_o contract_n in_o general_n usury_n have_v his_o name_n of_o the_o latin_a word_n vsura_fw-la which_o in_o the_o first_o signification_n thereof_o signify_v the_o use_n or_o fruition_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o of_o money_n cic._n 1._o tuscul._n natura_fw-la dedit_fw-la usuram_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la tanquam_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la second_o vsura_fw-la signify_v any_o accession_n addition_n overplus_n or_o increase_n above_o the_o principal_a which_o be_v yield_v to_o the_o creditor_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o use_n of_o money_n lend_v or_o forbear_v or_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o this_o increase_n be_v either_o voluntary_a or_o exact_v the_o voluntary_a increase_n be_v a_o free_a gift_n gratuity_n or_o reward_n which_o the_o borrower_n or_o debtor_n have_v gain_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v voluntary_o and_o free_o give_v to_o the_o lender_n in_o testimony_n of_o his_o thankfulness_n for_o the_o benefit_n receive_v which_o some_o call_n usuram_fw-la or_o foenus_fw-la liberale_fw-mi the_o exact_v increase_n be_v that_o which_o the_o creditor_n demand_v either_o as_o a_o recompense_n of_o some_o loss_n or_o hindrance_n which_o he_o sustain_v through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o borrower_n or_o as_o a_o gain_n covenant_v for_o loan_n the_o former_a be_v call_v vsura_fw-la compensatoria_fw-la recompense_v usury_n or_o interest_n the_o latter_a be_v term_v vsura_fw-la quaestuosa_fw-la or_o foenus_fw-la gainful_a usury_n of_o the_o liberal_a usury_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o thankful_a reward_n or_o gratuity_n as_o also_o of_o the_o recompense_a usury_n or_o interest_n there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o in_o themselves_o they_o be_v lawful_a but_o of_o the_o gainful_a usury_n be_v all_o the_o controversy_n and_o thus_o the_o latin_a word_n vsura_fw-la be_v distinguish_v the_o english_a word_n usury_n though_o derive_v thence_o yet_o be_v otherwise_o use_v for_o neither_o be_v it_o take_v at_o any_o time_n for_o use_n or_o for_o liberal_a usury_n or_o recompense_a usury_n but_o only_o for_o gainful_a usury_n whereof_o our_o question_n be_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o for_o the_o gain_n itself_o covenant_v or_o principal_o intend_v for_o loan_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v proper_o call_v foenus_fw-la or_o for_o the_o contract_n itself_o of_o lend_v for_o gain_n which_o proper_o be_v call_v foeneratio_fw-la of_o the_o contract_n the_o holy_a ghost_n speak_v in_o this_o place_n whereby_o a_o man_n give_v or_o put_v forth_o his_o money_n to_o usury_n whereas_o therefore_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n let_v we_o brief_o distinguish_v those_o contract_n which_o concern_v the_o alienation_n or_o permutation_n of_o good_n that_o it_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v what_o kind_n of_o contract_n it_o be_v for_o such_o contract_n be_v either_o for_o the_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o good_n or_o but_o for_o a_o time_n the_o perpetual_a alienation_n if_o it_o be_v liberal_a and_o free_a be_v give_v if_o for_o recompense_n then_o be_v it_o a_o commutation_n either_o of_o ware_n for_o ware_n which_o be_v call_v barterie_n or_o of_o money_n for_o money_n which_o be_v call_v exchange_n or_o of_o ware_n for_o money_n which_o be_v sell_v or_o of_o money_n for_o ware_n which_o be_v buy_v the_o alienation_n which_o be_v but_o for_o a_o time_n be_v either_o of_o the_o use_n only_o or_o of_o the_o property_n also_o that_o which_o be_v of_o the_o use_n only_o if_o it_o be_v liberal_a and_o free_a be_v call_v commodation_n or_o lend_v to_o use_v if_o for_o recompense_n or_o hire_v then_o be_v it_o call_v location_n or_o let_v to_o hire_v that_o which_o be_v not_o only_o of_o the_o use_n but_o of_o the_o property_n also_o if_o it_o be_v liberal_a and_o free_a it_o be_v call_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v to_o spend_v if_o illiberal_a and_o for_o gain_n it_o be_v call_v usury_n what_o usury_n be_v wherefore_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o illiberal_a mutuation_n and_o may_v thus_o brief_o be_v define_v usury_n be_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v for_o gain_n this_o brief_a definition_n do_v full_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o usury_n and_o sufficient_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o contract_n whatsoever_o for_o first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v wherein_o all_o learned_a man_n almost_o whether_o they_o write_v for_o usury_n or_o against_o it_o usha_v do_v agree_v in_o solo_fw-la mutuo_fw-la say_v one_o vero_fw-la vel_fw-la interpretativo_fw-la consistit_fw-la usura_fw-la secundum_fw-la omnes_fw-la doctores_fw-la that_o be_v usury_n according_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n consist_v only_o in_o loan_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o bare_a contract_n of_o loan_n or_o else_o cloak_v under_o some_o other_o contract_n which_o may_v be_v resolve_v or_o reduce_v unto_o loan_n 8._o likewise_o car._n molinaeus_n the_o chief_a patron_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o all_o say_v he_o that_o usury_n proper_o be_v not_o commit_v but_o in_o loan_n and_o again_o loan_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o usury_n mutuum_fw-la which_o be_v also_o presuppose_a in_o the_o scripture_n exod._n 22._o 25_o if_o thou_o lend_v money_n to_o my_o people_n namely_o and_o especial_o to_o the_o poor_a with_o thou_o thou_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o a_o exactor_n or_o as_o a_o usurer_n unto_o he_o you_o shall_v not_o impose_v usury_n upon_o he_o and_o the_o same_o if_o need_n be_v may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o other_o relative_a which_o be_v borrow_v for_o lend_v and_o borrow_v be_v relative_n and_o if_o he_o which_o take_v up_o money_n upon_o usury_n be_v a_o borrower_n than_o he_o that_o give_v or_o put_v it_o forth_o unto_o usury_n be_v a_o lender_n the_o contract_n therefore_o of_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o lend_v and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o a_o contract_n of_o lend_v either_o plain_o or_o covert_o that_o be_v not_o a_o contract_n of_o usury_n now_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o mutuation_n or_o lend_v diverse_a thing_n concur_v which_o also_o belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o usury_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o consist_v in_o quantity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n as_o money_n and_o victual_n corn_n wine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v particular_o mention_v deut._n 23._o 19_o levit._n 25._o 37._o neh._n 5._o 11._o 2._o and_o therefore_o be_v alienation_n not_o only_o of_o the_o use_n but_o also_o of_o the_o property_n from_o which_o the_o use_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n can_v be_v sever_v 3._o as_o the_o property_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o borrower_n so_o the_o borrower_n stand_v to_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o thing_n borrow_v 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v lend_v but_o for_o a_o time_n which_o time_n be_v expire_v the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o principal_a 5._o because_o the_o thing_n borrow_v be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n therefore_o the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v not_o to_o restore_v the_o selfsame_o particular_a which_o he_o borrow_v but_o so_o much_o in_o the_o same_o kind_a or_o of_o the_o same_o value_n 6._o it_o belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o lend_v that_o it_o be_v free_a and_o liberal_a but_o herein_o usury_n pervert_v the_o contract_n of_o lend_v be_v illiberal_a and_o for_o gain_n for_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o lend_v wherein_o the_o creditor_n or_o lender_n require_v of_o the_o borrower_n not_o only_o the_o principal_a in_o the_o equivalent_a or_o full_a value_n thereof_o but_o also_o a_o overplus_n or_o
cause_n of_o loss_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o seller_n he_o be_v to_o allow_v he_o interest_n and_o the_o seller_n may_v with_o good_a conscience_n exact_v it_o of_o he_o especial_o if_o not_o through_o want_n but_o through_o negligence_n and_o unfaithfulness_n he_o use_v delay_n but_o when_o a_o man_n sell_v his_o ware_n for_o more_o than_o the_o just_a price_n only_o because_o he_o give_v time_n to_o the_o buyer_n he_o do_v indeed_o sell_v time_n which_o be_v not_o he_o to_o sell_v and_o under_o the_o contract_n of_o sell_v he_o commit_v usury_n for_o when_o the_o seller_n be_v content_a to_o grant_v time_n to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o price_n agree_v upon_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o lend_v that_o money_n for_o such_o a_o time_n for_o the_o voluntary_a forbear_n of_o money_n due_a to_o he_o for_o his_o ware_n be_v all_o one_o with_o loan_n and_o upon_o such_o forbear_n the_o buyer_n become_v a_o debtor_n and_o the_o seller_n a_o creditor_n as_o for_o example_n thou_o selle_v i_o ware_n for_o 11_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o the_o end_n of_o six_o month_n which_o thou_o will_v have_v sell_v for_o 10_o pound_n in_o present_a money_n this_o man_n may_v call_v what_o they_o will_v but_o it_o be_v usury_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o likewise_o if_o a_o man_n sell_v a_o cow_n or_o some_o other_o commodity_n worth_a forty_o shilling_n to_o a_o poor_a man_n shall_v agree_v with_o he_o because_o he_o be_v not_o well_o able_a to_o pay_v so_o much_o together_o to_o take_v twelve_o penny_n a_o week_n for_o a_o year_n under_o a_o colour_n of_o accommodate_v the_o poor_a man_n and_o condescend_v in_o his_o sale_n to_o his_o mean_a ability_n he_o require_v a_o usury_n of_o thirty_o in_o the_o hundred_o but_o will_v you_o hear_v a_o mystery_n a_o gentleman_n in_o his_o need_n come_v to_o a_o usurer_n to_o borrow_v a_o hundred_o pound_n the_o usurer_n tell_v he_o he_o have_v no_o money_n but_o say_v he_o to_o accommodate_v you_o i_o will_v help_v you_o with_o a_o commodity_n worth_a a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o commodity_n you_o may_v commit_v to_o such_o a_o one_o meaning_n his_o broker_n and_o he_o will_v sell_v it_o for_o you_o the_o gentleman_n take_v the_o commodity_n enter_v into_o a_o bond_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o perhaps_o with_o usury_n for_o the_o say_a commodity_n he_o intreat_v the_o broker_n to_o sell_v it_o for_o he_o promise_v he_o a_o reward_n the_o broker_n undertake_v the_o matter_n and_o will_v the_o gentleman_n to_o repair_v unto_o he_o the_o next_o day_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o same_o usurer_n for_o fourscore_o pound_n or_o a_o hundred_o mark_n so_o that_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o sell_v a_o commodity_n the_o usurer_n dare_v but_o fourscore_o or_o a_o hundred_o mark_n for_o which_o he_o will_v receive_v a_o hundred_o or_o perhaps_o a_o hundred_o &_o ten_o pound_n notwithstanding_o the_o gentleman_n find_v his_o present_a need_n supply_v be_v well_o ease_v for_o a_o time_n like_v to_o a_o man_n which_o in_o the_o fit_a of_o a_o ague_n have_v drink_v a_o cup_n of_o cold_a water_n but_o when_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n come_v he_o be_v in_o great_a distress_n than_o before_o for_o now_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v he_o forfeit_v a_o bond_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n but_o you_o may_v not_o think_v that_o the_o usurer_n will_v straight_o way_n sue_v the_o bond_n no_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v deal_v extreme_o with_o he_o he_o will_v give_v he_o a_o new_a day_n and_o it_o may_v be_v feed_v his_o prodigality_n with_o more_o money_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o he_o may_v mortgage_v his_o land_n to_o he_o for_o the_o payment_n both_o of_o the_o new_a debt_n and_o of_o the_o former_a sum_n with_o usury_n which_o payment_n the_o unthriftie_a gentleman_n be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v the_o usurer_n have_v according_a to_o that_o curse_n psal._n 109._o 11_o get_v his_o land_n into_o his_o net_n he_o make_v a_o prey_n of_o he_o and_o thus_o the_o possession_n of_o many_o gentleman_n become_v the_o prize_n as_o it_o be_v of_o our_o land-pirate_n second_o buy_v usury_n be_v cloak_v under_o the_o contract_n of_o buy_v when_o a_o man_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n beforehand_o to_o he_o that_o need_v present_a money_n buy_v any_o commodity_n under_o that_o which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n will_v be_v the_o price_n or_o true_a value_n thereof_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o delivery_n i_o say_v to_o he_o that_o need_v present_a money_n for_o otherwise_o no_o man_n will_v sell_v his_o commodity_n under_o foot_n unless_o he_o have_v need_n of_o ready_a money_n and_o therefore_o this_o aggravate_v the_o fault_n of_o such_o buyer_n who_o take_v advantage_n by_o their_o neighbour_n necessity_n and_o seek_v to_o gain_v by_o their_o need_n this_o be_v after_o a_o sort_n as_o the_o prophet_n amos_n 6._o speak_v to_o buy_v the_o poor_a for_o silver_n and_o the_o needy_a for_o a_o pair_n of_o shoe_n i_o add_v under_o the_o true_a value_n because_o if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o the_o commodity_n will_v bear_v a_o great_a or_o less_o price_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o delivery_n thereof_o such_o a_o contract_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v as_o usurious_a but_o when_o there_o be_v certainty_n that_o the_o price_n will_v be_v great_a than_o be_v usury_n commit_v in_o such_o a_o contract_n for_o the_o lay_n down_o of_o money_n before_o hand_n to_o a_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o need_n thereof_o be_v in_o effect_n all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o lend_v he_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v repay_v in_o ware_n when_o as_o therefore_o he_o covenant_v to_o receive_v ware_n of_o great_a value_n than_o his_o money_n come_v to_o he_o dare_v for_o gain_v and_o so_o commit_v usury_n as_o for_o example_n a_o farmer_n want_v money_n to_o pay_v his_o rent_n entreat_v a_o usurer_n to_o lend_v he_o money_n until_o midsummer_n and_o find_v he_o backward_o offer_v he_o consideration_n nay_o say_v he_o i_o will_v not_o require_v usury_n of_o thou_o i_o will_v deal_v better_o with_o thou_o than_o so_o we_o will_v take_v a_o course_n to_o supply_v one_o another_o want_n for_o as_o thou_o want_v money_n now_o so_o shall_v i_o want_v corn_n then_o here_o be_v sixteen_o pound_n for_o which_o thou_o shall_v give_v i_o at_o midsummer_n twenty_o quarter_n of_o good_a wheat_n this_o bargain_n the_o farmer_n be_v content_a to_o accept_v rather_o than_o to_o forfeit_v his_o lease_n albeit_o he_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o at_o midsummer_n his_o corn_n be_v like_a to_o be_v better_a worth_n than_o twenty_o pound_n again_o a_o countryman_n come_v to_o a_o farmer_n that_o be_v at_o great_a charge_n in_o the_o in_n of_o his_o harvest_n and_o understand_v that_o he_o want_v ready_a money_n to_o defray_v his_o expense_n upon_o occasion_n of_o speech_n make_v he_o this_o offer_n to_o let_v he_o have_v eight_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n if_o the_o farmer_n on_o new-year_n day_n will_v deliver_v to_o he_o twenty_o quarter_n of_o barley_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v like_a to_o be_v worth_a 11_o or_o 12_o pound_n so_o that_o for_o the_o forbear_n of_o eight_o pound_n four_o month_n he_o will_v gain_v three_o or_o four_o pound_n this_o kind_n of_o usury_n be_v often_o practise_v in_o buy_v of_o rent_n or_o annuity_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o some_o be_v too_o favourable_a towards_o such_o contract_n and_o other_o too_o austere_a against_o they_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o brief_o to_o determine_v what_o we_o be_v to_o hold_v in_o this_o point_n for_o where_o be_v on_o the_o buyer_n part_v a_o purpose_n and_o a_o absolute_a covenant_n for_o the_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o his_o money_n and_o on_o the_o seller_n part_v no_o covenant_n for_o the_o redeem_n of_o his_o rent_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o contract_n there_o be_v no_o loan_n and_o therefore_o no_o usury_n howbeit_o if_o equality_n be_v not_o observe_v there_o may_v unjustice_n and_o oppression_n be_v commit_v when_o as_o therefore_o a_o man_n have_v a_o hundred_o pound_n on_o which_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o spend_v be_v his_o stock_n buy_v a_o annuity_n or_o rent_n during_o his_o life_n of_o twenty_o mark_n or_o 14_o or_o 15_o pound_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o equal_a such_o a_o contract_n be_v lawful_a and_o just_a and_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v commend_v to_o single_a man_n or_o woman_n who_o have_v no_o charge_n depend_v on_o they_o or_o if_o a_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o leave_v a_o rent_n or_o annuity_n to_o other_o after_o he_o he_o may_v buy_v for_o his_o hundred_o pound_n a_o
seem_v labour_v more_o for_o number_n than_o for_o weight_n of_o argument_n first_o shall_v the_o debtor_n say_v he_o be_v a_o able_a man_n by_o seek_v delay_n gain_v time_n after_o time_n at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o the_o loss_n hurt_n and_o trouble_v of_o his_o creditor_n without_o recompense_n second_o be_v it_o reason_n that_o a_o rich_a man_n shall_v withhold_v any_o man_n money_n against_o his_o will_n and_o make_v his_o private_a gain_n thereof_o three_o the_o father_n in_o law_n make_v delay_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o that_o portion_n which_o he_o promise_v with_o his_o daughter_n be_v to_o make_v allowance_n by_o way_n of_o interest_n to_o his_o son_n in_o law_n who_o bear_v the_o charge_n and_o burden_n belong_v to_o marriage_n four_o when_o the_o creditor_n be_v disappoint_v of_o his_o money_n at_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n be_v force_v himself_o to_o take_v up_o so_o much_o after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o may_v not_o he_o require_v the_o same_o to_o be_v allow_v he_o of_o the_o debtor_n through_o who_o default_n he_o sustain_v that_o loss_n or_o hindrance_n five_o when_o the_o surety_n be_v compel_v through_o the_o debtor_n default_n to_o pay_v the_o debt_n which_o he_o undertake_v for_o he_o the_o debtor_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v he_o recompense_v of_o what_o loss_n or_o hindrance_n he_o sustain_v through_o the_o debtor_n default_n all_o this_o i_o grant_v but_o gaineful_a usury_n differ_v much_o as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o from_o recompense_a usury_n or_o interest_n for_o it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o he_o which_o seek_v to_o be_v no_o gainer_n by_o loan_n shall_v be_v no_o loose_a neither_o ought_v any_o man_n to_o be_v enrich_v with_o another_o man_n loss_n but_o whosoever_o have_v be_v the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o the_o creditor_n loss_n or_o hindrance_n he_o ought_v if_o he_o be_v able_a to_o make_v he_o recompense_v six_o to_o these_o another_o reason_n may_v be_v add_v which_o be_v the_o only_a argument_n ground_v upon_o the_o scripture_n which_o i_o find_v in_o one_o learned_a patron_n of_o usury_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n of_o cease_v from_o labour_n and_o forbear_v of_o money_n but_o he_o that_o cause_v a_o man_n to_o cease_v from_o his_o labour_n be_v to_o make_v he_o recompense_v according_a to_o the_o law_n 19_o exod._n 21._o 19_o therefore_o he_o which_o cause_v another_o man_n to_o forbear_v his_o money_n be_v to_o make_v he_o recompense_v according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o forbearance_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a reason_n betwixt_o a_o man_n labour_n and_o the_o use_n of_o money_n a_o man_n labour_n be_v lettable_a and_o yield_v to_o the_o labourer_n if_o he_o work_v certain_a wage_n second_o although_o there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n betwixt_o they_o yet_o nothing_o can_v be_v prove_v hence_o but_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o interest_n or_o recompense_a usury_n for_o the_o law_n speak_v not_o of_o allowance_n to_o be_v make_v for_o a_o man_n voluntary_a cease_v from_o his_o work_n but_o when_o he_o cease_v against_o his_o will_n have_v be_v smite_v and_o wound_v by_o another_o man_n so_o that_o he_o can_v work_v in_o this_o case_n the_o smiter_n be_v to_o make_v he_o recompense_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o time_n and_o cease_v from_o his_o labour_n in_o like_a case_n allowance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o voluntary_a forbear_n or_o lend_v of_o money_n but_o when_o the_o creditor_n forbear_v it_o against_o his_o will_n to_o his_o loss_n and_o hindrance_n through_o the_o debtor_n default_n the_o debtor_n have_v be_v by_o his_o delay_n the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o the_o creditor_n loss_n be_v to_o make_v he_o recompense_v 7_o last_o he_o which_o have_v buy_v ware_n make_v default_n of_o payment_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o pay_v usury_n to_o the_o seller_n from_o who_o the_o price_n be_v detain_v against_o his_o will_n to_o his_o loss_n and_o hindrance_n answer_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o if_o the_o price_n be_v equal_a the_o like_a allowance_n be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o this_o case_n as_o after_o delay_n in_o that_o which_o be_v borrow_v but_o this_o allowance_n be_v not_o gainful_a usury_n but_o recompense_a usury_n or_o interest_n there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o impertinent_a argument_n 12._o which_o serve_v to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n not_o of_o usury_n but_o of_o the_o contract_n as_o first_o of_o the_o gainful_a contract_n of_o negotiation_n and_o traffic_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o some_o have_v a_o conceit_n that_o if_o any_o contract_n of_o gain_n be_v lawful_a usury_n which_o they_o like_v so_o well_o can_v be_v unlawful_a and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o author_n of_o the_o english_a treatise_n prove_v first_o that_o merchandise_n be_v lawful_a by_o the_o description_n of_o the_o virtuous_a godly_a and_o wise_a woman_n prou._n 31._o 18._o 24._o second_o that_o buy_v of_o rent_n and_o land_n be_v lawful_a three_o that_o the_o gain_n of_o drover_n and_o grazier_n be_v warrantable_a from_o all_o which_o as_o so_o many_o argument_n he_o will_v have_v we_o infer_v that_o therefore_o usury_n be_v lawful_a but_o unless_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o man_n may_v as_o well_o lend_v for_o gain_v as_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o gain_v which_o i_o have_v before_o disprove_v these_o argument_n be_v to_o little_a purpose_n second_o he_o allege_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o civil_a lend_n whereby_o a_o man_n dare_v expect_v the_o like_a courtesy_n again_o as_o for_o example_n when_o a_o man_n dare_v where_o he_o hope_v to_o borrow_v as_o much_o another_o time_n when_o a_o miller_n dare_v money_n to_o a_o baker_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v grind_v at_o his_o mill_n when_o a_o scrivener_n dare_v money_n to_o a_o gentleman_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v his_o write_n make_v with_o he_o etc._n etc._n but_o although_o this_o civil_a lend_n with_o expectation_n of_o the_o like_a courtesy_n be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o christian_a and_o charitable_a lend_n which_o be_v without_o respect_n of_o our_o own_o good_a or_o profit_n even_o as_o the_o invite_a of_o our_o able_a friend_n be_v not_o so_o laudable_a as_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o helpless_a yet_o be_v it_o lawful_a so_o long_o as_o the_o courtesy_n expect_v be_v not_o valuable_a by_o money_n or_o such_o as_o be_v common_o and_o lawful_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o money_n such_o be_v the_o courtesy_n of_o lend_v expect_v from_o they_o of_o who_o we_o borrow_v the_o courtesy_n of_o their_o custom_n in_o frequent_v our_o shop_n to_o buy_v our_o ware_n or_o to_o have_v their_o work_n do_v with_o we_o and_o such_o like_a howbeit_o if_o we_o covenant_n with_o the_o borrower_n for_o these_o courtesy_n they_o may_v be_v cloak_n of_o usury_n as_o if_o i_o bind_v he_o to_o lend_v who_o will_v be_v more_o like_a to_o borrow_v &_o more_o willing_a to_o pay_v usury_n for_o the_o former_a loan_n than_o to_o lend_v as_o much_o more_o which_o have_v be_v a_o practice_n of_o some_o dissemble_a usurer_n or_o if_o i_o require_v his_o custom_n with_o this_o purpose_n to_o make_v he_o pay_v the_o more_o for_o my_o work_n or_o ware_n because_o he_o be_v in_o my_o danger_n or_o behold_v to_o i_o otherwise_o if_o he_o have_v a_o pennyworth_n for_o his_o penny_n and_o be_v as_o well_o deal_v with_o as_o other_o that_o be_v no_o way_n behold_v to_o we_o even_o by_o the_o natural_a obligation_n which_o bind_v all_o man_n to_o thankfulness_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o show_v that_o courtesy_n to_o those_o who_o have_v well_o deserve_v of_o he_o rather_o than_o to_o other_o and_o these_o be_v the_o argument_n which_o be_v bring_v for_o usury_n which_o also_o i_o will_v desire_v the_o christian_a reader_n to_o compare_v with_o those_o which_o have_v be_v bring_v against_o it_o now_o we_o be_v to_o descend_v to_o their_o testimony_n which_o be_v partly_o the_o public_a allowance_n of_o law_n in_o these_o day_n and_o common_a practice_n of_o most_o rich_a man_n in_o all_o christendom_n partly_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o diverse_a learned_a and_o reverend_a man_n of_o this_o age_n of_o the_o law_n i_o have_v speak_v before_o that_o none_o allow_v usury_n though_o some_o with_o certain_a restraint_n do_v permit_v and_o tollerat_v it_o as_o a_o evil_a thing_n for_o the_o avoid_v of_o great_a mischief_n the_o come_v practice_n of_o rich_a man_n do_v not_o prove_v usury_n to_o be_v lawful_a but_o themselves_o to_o be_v covetous_a and_o void_a of_o charity_n as_o for_o the_o judgement_n of_o godly_a learned_a man_n i_o answer_v that_o none_o such_o do_v allow_v that_o usury_n which_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o world_n or_o if_o any_o do_v i_o oppose_v to_o they_o the_o judgement_n of_o many_o more_o
requiritur_fw-la quam_fw-la datur_fw-la it_o be_v usury_n when_o more_o be_v require_v than_o be_v lend_v augustine_n go_v further_a 36._o if_o thou_o say_v he_o have_v lend_v money_n to_o any_o man_n of_o who_o thou_o look_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v not_o money_n alone_o but_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o thou_o give_v whether_o it_o be_v wheat_n or_o wine_n or_o oil_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o if_o thou_o expect_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v thou_o be_v a_o usurer_n upon_o which_o testimony_n gratian_n conclude_v behold_v it_o be_v evident_o declare_v that_o whosoever_o for_o loan_n be_v exact_v above_o the_o principal_a 18._o it_o be_v usury_n lactantius_n also_o speak_v of_o usury_n say_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v it_o be_v unjust_a and_o afterward_o add_v that_o a_o justman_n will_v not_o defile_v himself_o with_o such_o gain_n likewise_o all_o increase_n whatsoever_o require_v for_o loan_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o be_v account_v usury_n last_o the_o common_a lawyer_n be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n for_o glanuile_n who_o be_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o teach_v that_o usury_n be_v commit_v when_o a_o man_n have_v lend_v any_o thing_n that_o do_v consist_v upon_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n do_v take_v any_o thing_n over_o and_o above_o his_o loan_n lib._n 10._o cap._n 3._o and_o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o usury_n be_v express_v in_o this_o definition_n let_v we_o now_o see_v how_o by_o this_o definition_n usury_n be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o contract_n and_o also_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v some_o affinity_n therewith_o for_o of_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o speak_v it_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v i._o from_o all_o liberal_a contract_n as_o that_o of_o donation_n or_o free_a gift_n of_o mutuation_n or_o free_a lend_v to_o spend_v of_o commodation_n or_o free_a lend_v to_o use_v because_o they_o be_v free_a and_o liberal_a but_o usury_n be_v illiberal_a and_o for_o gain_n 2._o from_o all_o lawful_a buy_n because_o in_o buy_v there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o money_n in_o usury_n but_o for_o a_o time_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o buy_v &_o sell_v the_o seller_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v the_o money_n again_o but_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o mutuation_n or_o loan_n the_o debtor_n be_v bind_v after_o a_o time_n to_o restore_v the_o money_n again_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o contract_n of_o buy_v rent_n whether_o for_o ever_o or_o for_o a_o man_n life_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a bargain_n and_o sale_n and_o a_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o the_o principal_a howsoever_o there_o may_v be_v injustice_n therein_o if_o equality_n be_v not_o observe_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o usury_n for_o the_o subject_n of_o usury_n be_v loan_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o loan_n the_o borrower_n undertake_v after_o a_o time_n to_o repay_v the_o principal_a 3._o from_o lawful_a location_n or_o let_v to_o hire_v which_o be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o some_o imagine_v that_o money_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n may_v as_o well_o be_v let_v as_o other_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o usury_n and_o the_o lawful_a contract_n of_o location_n or_o let_v and_o first_o they_o differ_v in_o the_o subject_n so_o that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n can_v be_v let_v namely_o to_o that_o use_n for_o which_o they_o be_v lend_v and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v let_v can_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n usury_n be_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o consist_v in_o quantity_n stand_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n location_n be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o the_o use_n neither_o stand_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n the_o subject_n of_o usury_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o but_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o employment_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o industry_n and_o skill_n of_o the_o imployer_n the_o subject_n of_o location_n have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o natural_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n lend_v upon_o usury_n can_v be_v sever_v or_o reckon_v apart_o from_o the_o property_n and_o dominion_n because_o they_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o therefore_o if_o you_o use_v they_o you_o spend_v they_o the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o thing_n lend_v may_v be_v sever_v and_o reckon_v apart_o and_o be_v valuable_a by_o itself_o as_o of_o land_n good_n house_n etc._n etc._n which_o remain_v in_o the_o use_n unspent_a in_o the_o contract_n of_o loan_n whether_o free_a or_o upon_o usury_n the_o lender_n grant_v to_o the_o borrower_n not_o only_o the_o use_n but_o also_o the_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n lend_v from_o which_o the_o use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o lend_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n can_v be_v sever_v hence_o it_o be_v call_v mutuum_fw-la because_o by_o lend_v it_o be_v make_v ex_fw-la meo_fw-la tuum_fw-la in_o the_o contract_n of_o location_n the_o letter_n grant_v to_o he_o that_o take_v to_o hire_v the_o use_n only_o of_o the_o thing_n retain_v the_o property_n to_o himself_o because_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o loan_n and_o usury_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v therefore_o the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v to_o restore_v not_o the_o same_o particular_a which_o he_o borrow_v but_o so_o much_o in_o quantity_n or_o full_a value_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n without_o any_o impair_n or_o diminution_n because_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o commodity_n and_o location_n be_v lend_v &_o let_v not_o to_o be_v spend_v but_o only_o to_o be_v use_v therefore_o he_o that_o take_v the_o same_o to_o use_v be_v bind_v to_o restore_v the_o self_n same_o particular_a which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v impair_v and_o make_v worse_o in_o the_o use_n as_o in_o mutuation_n and_o usury_n the_o property_n be_v translate_v to_o the_o borrower_n so_o with_o the_o property_n also_o the_o hazard_n whole_o appertain_v to_o the_o borrower_n for_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o mutuation_n include_v in_o it_o a_o obligation_n bind_v the_o borrower_n that_o whatsoever_o become_v of_o this_o particular_a which_o he_o borrow_v he_o shall_v restore_v the_o full_a value_n thereof_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v in_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o borrower_n make_v promise_v either_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n enter_v into_o bond_n and_o statute_n lay_v his_o good_n to_o pawn_n or_o his_o land_n to_o mortgage_n give_v surety_n to_o assure_v and_o secure_v the_o creditor_n for_o the_o principal_a as_o in_o location_n the_o use_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o hire_a but_o the_o letter_n retain_v the_o property_n so_o the_o peril_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o thing_n if_o it_o shall_v miscarry_v without_o the_o default_n of_o the_o hire_a belong_v to_o the_o letter_n and_o not_o to_o the_o hire_a because_o it_o come_v for_o his_o hire_n exod._n 22._o 14._o and_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n to_o who_o the_o hazard_n appertain_v to_o he_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n belong_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o thing_n that_o stand_v in_o quantity_n in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o money_n meat_n and_o drink_v wine_n oil_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v non_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o commodâ—tum_fw-la aut_fw-la locatum_fw-la they_o can_v be_v let_v for_o in_o such_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o contract_n of_o location_n the_o property_n with_o the_o use_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o borrower_n and_o he_o become_v owner_n for_o the_o time_n thereof_o neither_o be_v there_o in_o such_o thing_n themselves_o any_o fruitful_a use_n which_o be_v valuable_a by_o itself_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n but_o if_o there_o arise_v any_o gain_n it_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o skill_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o borrower_n who_o be_v the_o owner_n for_o the_o time_n of_o that_o which_o he_o borrow_v neither_o be_v he_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o particular_a impair_v by_o the_o use_n but_o the_o full_a value_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o better_a rather_o than_o worse_a neither_o do_v the_o lender_n but_o the_o borrower_n stand_v whole_o to_o the_o hazard_n and_o peril_n and_o therefore_o the_o let_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o lettable_a be_v nothing_o but_o mere_a usury_n under_o another_o name_n indeed_o if_o such_o thing_n as_o stand_v in_o quantity_n as_o money_n and_o such_o like_a be_v not_o lend_v to_o be_v spend_v
partnership_n which_o be_v a_o lawful_a contract_n indeed_o i_o do_v confess_v it_o be_v more_o fit_a many_o time_n that_o the_o borrower_n shall_v stand_v to_o the_o lender_n courtesy_n than_o the_o lender_n altogether_o to_o the_o borrower_n fidelity_n and_o therefore_o though_o there_o be_v a_o covenant_n on_o the_o one_o side_n in_o eventum_fw-la lucri_fw-la to_o partake_v in_o the_o gain_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v gain_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o a_o purpose_n of_o bear_v part_n in_o the_o loss_n so_o that_o purpose_n be_v upright_o and_o unfeigned_a i_o will_v not_o altogether_o condemn_v such_o a_o contract_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v wish_v that_o man_n have_v learn_v to_o distinguish_v usury_n from_o other_o lawful_a contract_n will_v according_a to_o the_o scripture_n simple_o and_o absolute_o condemn_v it_o rather_o than_o they_o shall_v by_o seem_v to_o allow_v and_o commend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n some_o other_o lawful_a contract_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o usurious_a give_v a_o occasion_n of_o so_o great_a offence_n to_o covetous_a worldling_n who_o when_o they_o hear_v some_o usury_n allow_v by_o divine_n they_o doubt_v not_o such_o be_v our_o natural_a selfelove_n that_o the_o usury_n which_o themselves_o practice_v be_v to_o be_v warrant_v though_o their_o practice_n differ_v never_o so_o much_o from_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o learned_a and_o godly_a divine_n 5._o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o three_o other_o thing_n to_o which_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n especial_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v assign_v but_o be_v not_o this_o gainful_a usury_n whereof_o we_o speak_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o adventurer_n usury_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v nauticum_fw-la or_o mâ—ritimum_fw-la â—oenus_fw-la and_o be_v a_o gain_n or_o allowance_n make_v for_o money_n which_o be_v transport_v beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o peril_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o creditor_n contrary_a to_o the_o contract_n either_o of_o gainful_a usury_n or_o free_a loan_n and_o seem_v to_o draw_v near_o to_o partnership_n the_o manner_n whereof_o be_v thus_o i_o deliver_v to_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v to_o travel_v beyond_o sea_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o he_o to_o use_v in_o negotiation_n as_o he_o think_v best_o for_o his_o advantage_n condition_v with_o he_o that_o if_o his_o ship_n miscarry_v i_o will_v loose_v not_o only_o my_o hope_n of_o gain_n but_o also_o the_o principal_n itself_o but_o if_o his_o ship_n shall_v come_v safe_a to_o land_n by_o the_o arrival_n whereof_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o good_a gain_n i_o look_v for_o a_o allowance_n proportionable_a to_o that_o hazard_n which_o i_o sustain_v and_o this_o hazard_n man_n be_v wont_a to_o undertake_v either_o for_o the_o whole_a voyage_n covenant_v for_o a_o certain_a gain_n if_o the_o ship_n arrive_v safe_a at_o the_o same_o port_n from_o whence_o it_o first_o set_v forth_o which_o kind_n the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o else_o but_o for_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o voyage_n as_o from_o one_o port_n to_o another_o usuris_fw-la as_o from_o london_n to_o venice_n which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o covetous_a man_n be_v apt_a to_o use_v this_o practice_n as_o a_o cloak_n to_o cover_v their_o usury_n pretend_v great_a adventure_n or_o hazard_v when_o there_o be_v little_a or_o none_o &_o to_o exact_v a_o unreasonable_a gain_n far_o above_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o adventure_n or_o hazard_v therefore_o justiniâ—n_n stint_v this_o usury_n at_o 12_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v think_v whole_o to_o condemn_v it_o decr._n greg._n l._n 5._o tiâ—_n deusuris_fw-la q._n naviganti_fw-la but_o as_o hotoman_n have_v show_v the_o text_n be_v either_o corrupt_v the_o word_n not_o be_v omit_v for_o gregory_n in_o that_o chapter_n set_v down_o three_o case_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o first_o which_o he_o exempt_v from_o usury_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v very_o unreasonable_a see_v where_o be_v hazard_v there_o may_v be_v gain_v require_v as_o the_o due_a price_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o adventurer_n usury_n may_v be_v allow_v not_o only_o in_o trâ—iectitiâ—_n pecuniâ—_fw-la that_o be_v in_o money_n send_v over_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o creditor_n peril_n but_o also_o in_o other_o case_n wherein_o the_o creditor_n sustain_v the_o like_a hazard_n provide_v always_o that_o there_o be_v a_o adventure_n or_o hazard_v in_o truth_n and_o not_o in_o pretence_n only_o and_o also_o that_o the_o gain_n be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o hazard_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o some_o call_v liberal_a usury_n be_v indeed_o a_o gratuity_n or_o free_a gift_n which_o the_o borrower_n find_v himself_o much_o benefit_v by_o the_o lender_n courtesy_n do_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n in_o testimony_n of_o his_o thankfulness_n free_o give_v to_o the_o lender_n who_o neither_o intend_v when_o he_o lend_v nor_o expect_v while_o he_o forbear_v any_o gain_n and_o much_o less_o covenant_v for_o it_o for_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o lender_n receive_v some_o allowance_n above_o the_o principal_a yet_o he_o commit_v not_o usury_n because_o neither_o the_o contract_n which_o he_o make_v be_v lend_v for_o gain_n neither_o be_v the_o overplus_n which_o he_o receive_v a_o gain_n either_o covenant_v or_o intend_v or_o require_v for_o loan_n but_o a_o gratuity_n or_o thankful_a courtesy_n which_o may_v with_o good_a conscience_n be_v give_v and_o receive_v from_o a_o able_a and_o willing_a giâ—uer_n for_o as_o the_o lender_n courtesy_n have_v not_o make_v he_o uncapable_a of_o a_o good_a turn_n from_o the_o borrower_n which_o before_o he_o have_v lend_v he_o may_v have_v receive_v so_o do_v it_o bind_v the_o borrower_n to_o duty_n of_o thankfulness_n which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d especial_o if_o he_o have_v well_o gain_v by_o that_o which_o the_o creditor_n can_v not_o well_o forbear_v the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v usurâ—_n compensâ—torâ—â—_n recompense_v usury_n which_o we_o call_v interest_n for_o although_o interest_n among_o lawyer_n be_v of_o a_o more_o large_a signification_n as_o belong_v not_o only_o to_o loan_n but_o also_o to_o some_o other_o contract_n yet_o as_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o loan_n it_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o recompense_a usury_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o just_a recompense_n which_o the_o debtor_n have_v through_o his_o default_n be_v the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o the_o creditor_n hindrance_n do_v owe_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o hindrance_n may_v be_v twofold_a damnum_fw-la emergens_fw-la loss_n arise_v or_o lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la gain_n ceâ—sing_v but_o this_o cease_v gain_n which_o must_v come_v into_o estimation_n must_v not_o be_v uncertain_a and_o doubtful_a but_o certain_a or_o at_o lest_o very_o probable_a for_o if_o the_o creditor_n through_o the_o default_n either_o incur_v loss_n or_o be_v hinder_v of_o certain_a gain_n it_o be_v very_o equal_a that_o thou_o shall_v make_v he_o such_o recompense_n quanto_fw-la creditoris_fw-la interest_n as_o he_o be_v damage_v or_o hinder_v by_o the_o delay_n and_o it_o be_v very_o lawful_a that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v provide_v for_o his_o own_o indemnity_n in_o this_o behalf_n for_o it_o be_v against_o equity_n as_o the_o apostle_n say_v in_o a_o like_a case_n that_o to_o the_o creditor_n shall_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 13._o and_o to_o the_o debtor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o hindrance_n be_v to_o be_v recompense_v that_o there_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v it_o be_v unjust_a that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v sustain_v loss_n or_o hindrance_n through_o the_o debtor_n default_n or_o that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v enrich_v with_o the_o creditor_n loss_n or_o hindrance_n but_o equity_n require_v that_o a_o full_a recompense_n be_v make_v that_o the_o creditor_n may_v receive_v his_o own_o without_o â—olle_n or_o hindrance_n and_o the_o debtor_n have_v be_v through_o his_o delay_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o creditor_n hindrance_n shall_v sustain_v the_o penalty_n of_o his_o own_o either_o negligence_n or_o unfaithfulness_n for_o interest_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o creditor_n be_v a_o just_a recompense_n of_o his_o hindrance_n sustain_v by_o the_o debtor_n fault_n &_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o debtor_n it_o be_v a_o penalty_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v call_v compensatoriâ—_n usurâ—_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o creditor_n loss_n so_o also_o punitoria_fw-la usurâ—_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o debtor_n default_n as_o for_o example_n i_o lend_v thou_o one_o hundred_o pound_n which_o thou_o undertake_v to_o repay_v at_o the_o end_n of_o six_o month_n which_o time_n be_v expire_v and_o thou_o either_o through_o negligence_n or_o unfaithfulness_n fail_v of_o thy_o promise_n
i_o incur_v a_o loss_n perhaps_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o bond_n pawn_n or_o by_o take_v up_o money_n upon_o usury_n to_o prevent_v that_o loss_n or_o else_o have_v necessary_a occasion_n to_o employ_v my_o money_n to_o my_o certain_a or_o very_a likely_a gain_n be_o hinder_v of_o that_o gain_n in_o this_o case_n i_o may_v lawful_o provide_v for_o my_o indemnity_n by_o exact_v a_o equal_a recompense_n at_o thy_o hand_n and_o thou_o be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o make_v good_a this_o loss_n or_o hindrance_n which_o through_o thy_o default_n i_o sustain_v but_o here_o certain_a caution_n be_v to_o be_v remember_v first_o that_o interest_n be_v esteem_v not_o according_a to_o the_o gain_n or_o benefit_n which_o the_o borrower_n have_v reap_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o money_n but_o according_a to_o the_o hindrance_n or_o loss_n which_o the_o creditor_n sustain_v through_o the_o borrower_n default_n second_o that_o interest_n be_v not_o to_o be_v require_v nisipost_n moram_fw-la but_o only_o after_o delay_n &_o default_n commit_v by_o the_o borrower_n for_o until_o then_o the_o borrower_n unless_o he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v compel_v the_o creditor_n to_o lend_v be_v not_o the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o the_o creditor_n loss_n three_o that_o not_o always_o after_o delay_v it_o be_v to_o be_v require_v but_o only_o then_o when_o the_o creditor_n have_v indeed_o sustain_v loss_n or_o hindrance_n by_o the_o borrower_n delay_n four_o that_o he_o do_v not_o voluntary_o incur_v any_o loss_n mean_v to_o lay_v the_o burden_n thereof_o on_o the_o borrower_n but_o do_v his_o true_a endeavour_n to_o avoid_v it_o either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n five_o that_o when_o he_o suspect_v loss_n or_o hindrance_n by_o the_o debtor_n delay_n he_o descend_v not_o unto_o extremity_n with_o those_o who_o have_v break_v day_n not_o through_o negligence_n or_o unfaithfulness_n but_o through_o want_n and_o necessity_n which_o they_o do_v not_o foresee_v and_o let_v he_o remember_v that_o where_o be_v no_o fault_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o punishment_n six_o that_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o interest_n be_v not_o refer_v to_o the_o creditor_n own_o arbitrement_n for_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o every_o creditor_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o carver_n but_o commit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o other_o honest_a and_o discreet_a man_n and_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o creditor_n may_v to_o prevent_v his_o loss_n borrow_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n permit_v by_o law_n 26._o therefore_o justiniâ—n_n stint_v recompense_v usury_n at_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o condition_n be_v observe_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o creditor_n to_o require_v a_o overplus_n beside_o his_o principal_n which_o overplus_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o usury_n for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n betwixt_o usury_n and_o interest_n in_o usury_n the_o lender_n intend_v and_o seek_v gain_v by_o interest_n he_o only_o provide_v for_o his_o indemnity_n usury_n be_v intend_v or_o perhaps_o covenant_v for_o in_o the_o very_a contract_n interest_n be_v not_o intend_v at_o the_o first_o but_o happen_v after_o delay_n usury_n be_v a_o gain_n which_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n until_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n accrue_v to_o the_o lender_n interest_n be_v a_o recompense_n of_o the_o loss_n which_o after_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o payment_n the_o creditor_n sustain_v through_o the_o borrower_n default_n when_o as_o therefore_o man_n pretend_v the_o honest_a name_n of_o interest_n to_o their_o gainful_a usury_n appellat_fw-la it_o be_v pernicious_a sophistry_n say_v melancthon_n and_o thus_o you_o have_v hear_v what_o usury_n be_v now_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v to_o a_o threefold_a distinction_n thereof_o and_o first_o that_o usury_n be_v either_o inward_a and_o mental_a or_o outward_a and_o actual_a usury_n the_o mental_a be_v a_o lend_n for_o gain_n without_o covenant_n that_o be_v when_o the_o creditor_n only_o intend_v and_o look_v for_o gain_v by_o lend_v and_o forbear_v his_o money_n but_o do_v not_o indent_v or_o covenant_n with_o the_o borrower_n for_o gain_v and_o this_o may_v be_v call_v the_o usury_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v spiritual_a 14._o do_v not_o only_o restrain_v the_o hand_n and_o outward_a man_n but_o also_o the_o intent_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o so_o much_o that_o moral_a action_n though_o in_o show_v good_a be_v to_o be_v judge_v evil_a if_o they_o proceed_v from_o a_o ill_a intent_n and_o tend_v to_o a_o ill_a end_n for_o he_o that_o intend_v evil_a have_v the_o like_a evil_a will_n with_o he_o that_o work_v evil_a and_o he_o which_o by_o lend_v only_o intend_v his_o own_o gain_n he_o dare_v for_o gain_v and_o therefore_o if_o actual_a usury_n be_v evil_a than_o the_o intent_n and_o purpose_n thereof_o be_v also_o evil_a for_o lend_v be_v a_o work_n of_o charity_n and_o a_o act_n of_o liberality_n wherein_o if_o we_o have_v true_a charity_n we_o respect_v not_o our_o own_o profit_n but_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o borrower_n wherefore_o as_o augustine_n say_v 36._o if_o thou_o look_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o thou_o give_v thou_o be_v a_o usurer_n and_o hereunto_o the_o most_o writer_n refer_v the_o speech_n of_o our_o saviour_n luk._n 6._o 35_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lend_v look_v for_o nothing_o that_o be_v for_o no_o gain_n or_o profit_n thence_o for_o as_o the_o canonist_n and_o schoolman_n say_v sola_fw-la spes_fw-la usurarium_fw-la facit_fw-la hope_v alone_o make_v a_o usurer_n but_o that_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v 1._o when_o the_o expectation_n of_o gain_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o lend_n and_o when_o our_o own_o profit_n be_v principal_o intend_v that_o be_v when_o we_o so_o lend_v for_o our_o own_o gain_n as_o that_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o expectation_n of_o gain_n we_o will_v not_o lend_v for_o if_o our_o chief_a regard_n be_v to_o help_v our_o neighbour_n and_o have_v but_o a_o secondary_a respect_n to_o our_o own_o profit_n as_o if_o that_o be_v not_o we_o will_v notwithstanding_o lend_v for_o charity_n and_o humanity_n sake_n this_o secondary_a respect_n make_v not_o a_o usurer_n though_o it_o something_o detract_v from_o the_o purity_n of_o our_o love_n and_o the_o commendation_n of_o our_o loan_n 2._o when_o there_o be_v expectation_n and_o purpose_n of_o gain_n without_o any_o intent_n of_o partake_v in_o the_o loss_n for_o when_o the_o lender_n so_o intend_v his_o own_o gain_n in_o the_o borrower_n gain_v as_o also_o he_o purpose_v unfeigned_o to_o bear_v part_n of_o his_o loss_n this_o intent_n be_v not_o usurious_a for_o although_o his_o outward_a act_n be_v a_o contract_n of_o loan_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o purpose_n and_o intent_n of_o his_o heart_n it_o be_v partnership_n when_o as_o therefore_o the_o lender_n principal_o intend_v his_o own_o gain_n without_o purpose_n to_o bear_v part_n of_o the_o borrower_n loss_n that_o intent_n or_o expectation_n of_o gain_n make_v a_o usurer_n a_o usurer_n i_o say_v before_o god_n but_o not_o before_o man_n a_o usurer_n in_o the_o inward_a court_n of_o conscience_n but_o not_o in_o the_o outward_a and_o civil_a court_n which_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o mentuall_a usury_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o law_n of_o man_n who_o can_v search_v the_o heart_n outward_a and_o actual_a usury_n be_v usury_n when_o the_o creditor_n do_v not_o only_o intend_v certain_a gain_n by_o lend_v but_o also_o covenant_v for_o a_o certain_a sum_n to_o be_v allow_v he_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o time_n this_o in_o the_o scripture_n be_v call_v impose_v of_o usury_n exod._n 22._o 25_o thou_o shâ—lt_v not_o impose_v usury_n upon_o he_o wherefore_o in_o actual_a usury_n a_o covenant_n be_v make_v for_o certain_a gain_n and_o in_o that_o covenant_n the_o very_a form_n of_o actual_a usury_n consist_v for_o which_o cause_n some_o do_v call_v such_o a_o contract_n formal_a usury_n and_o this_o covenant_n use_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o obligation_n either_o verbal_a as_o bill_n and_o bond_n or_o real_a as_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n or_o personal_a as_o suretyship_n whereby_o the_o creditor_n be_v secure_v for_o the_o receipt_n and_o the_o debtor_n bind_v for_o the_o payment_n both_o of_o the_o principal_a and_o also_o of_o the_o usury_n but_o in_o this_o actual_a and_o outward_a usury_n there_o be_v a_o covenant_n usual_o make_v for_o the_o payment_n not_o only_o of_o a_o certain_a sum_n but_o also_o at_o certain_a time_n the_o sum_n be_v proportionated_a or_o rate_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o principal_a or_o stock_n which_o be_v lend_v and_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o time_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o principal_n be_v great_a &_o the_o
be_v buy_v than_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a for_o such_o contract_n if_o they_o be_v absolute_o make_v for_o the_o perpetual_a alienation_n of_o the_o rent_n to_o the_o buyer_n and_o of_o the_o money_n to_o the_o seller_n though_o they_o be_v not_o usurious_a yet_o be_v they_o unequal_a and_o unjust_a but_o if_o they_o be_v conditional_o make_v with_o this_o covenent_a that_o the_o seller_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o principal_a may_v redeem_v and_o so_o extinguish_v the_o rent_n then_o be_v they_o usurious_a because_o a_o perpetual_a alienation_n either_o of_o the_o rent_n by_o the_o seller_n or_o of_o the_o principal_a by_o the_o buyer_n be_v not_o intend_v but_o a_o great_a rent_n by_o way_n of_o mortgage_n according_a to_o the_o contract_n of_o antichresis_n make_v over_o unto_o the_o buyer_n both_o for_o his_o assurance_n in_o receive_v of_o his_o principal_n in_o the_o end_n and_o for_o his_o usury_n allow_v for_o his_o loan_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o such_o contract_n be_v usual_o practise_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o not_o only_o permit_v but_o allow_v and_o authorise_v as_o just_a and_o lawful_a by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n this_o evident_o prove_v that_o the_o romish_a church_n be_v deep_a in_o this_o sin_n of_o usury_n than_o the_o reform_a church_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o papist_n condemn_v for_o this_o sin_n for_o albeit_o the_o sin_n be_v practise_v among_o we_o as_o much_o perhaps_o as_o among_o they_o yet_o do_v not_o our_o law_n allow_v usury_n as_o good_a but_o permit_v it_o only_o as_o evil_a and_o permit_v it_o with_o limitation_n and_o restraint_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v but_o will_v you_o hear_v a_o mystery_n practise_v in_o buy_v a_o man_n have_v urgent_a occasion_n to_o use_v present_a money_n come_v to_o a_o usurer_n to_o borrow_v forty_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n the_o usurer_n pretend_v that_o about_o that_o time_n he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v out_o his_o money_n for_o wheat_n and_o therefore_o covenant_v with_o he_o that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o month_n he_o shall_v for_o his_o forty_o pound_n deliver_v unto_o he_o fifty_o quarter_n of_o good_a wheat_n or_o for_o want_v thereof_o five_o and_o forty_o pound_n which_o he_o say_v not_o either_o that_o he_o need_v corn_n or_o that_o the_o borrower_n have_v corn_n to_o sell_v but_o that_o under_o this_o pretence_n of_o buy_v corn_n he_o will_v exact_v a_o unreasonable_a gain_n viz._n of_o five_o in_o the_o forty_o lend_v for_o three_o month_n which_o be_v after_o fifty_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n three_o let_v usury_n be_v practise_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o let_v so_o oft_o as_o man_n will_v seem_v to_o let_v thing_n which_o be_v not_o letable_a when_o as_o indeed_o they_o lend_v for_o gain_v thing_n to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n as_o money_n victual_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o consist_v in_o quantity_n that_o be_v in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n for_o such_o thing_n neither_o have_v in_o themselves_o a_o fruitful_a use_n which_o may_v be_v let_v neither_o be_v they_o to_o be_v refer_v in_o the_o same_o particular_a impair_v by_o the_o use_n neither_o do_v the_o property_n or_o hazard_n thereof_o as_o in_o thing_n let_v appertain_v to_o the_o letter_n but_o behold_v some_o other_o mystery_n a_o farmer_n want_v money_n to_o store_n himself_o with_o cattle_n come_v to_o a_o usurer_n to_o borrow_v twenty_o pound_n and_o be_v loath_a in_o his_o need_n to_o receive_v a_o repulse_n offer_v usury_n it_o be_v not_o my_o manner_n say_v he_o to_o put_v out_o my_o money_n to_o usury_n but_o here_o be_v twenty_o pound_n for_o thou_o with_o which_o thou_o may_v buy_v thou_o eight_o cow_n these_o eight_o cow_n i_o will_v let_v thou_o for_o so_o many_o rial_n yearly_a provide_v always_o that_o thou_o shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v good_a this_o number_n of_o cow_n allow_v i_o the_o hire_n for_o the_o full_a number_n that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o pound_n usury_n for_o twenty_o pound_n which_o be_v after_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o another_o come_v to_o borrow_v the_o like_a sum_n he_o deliver_v 20_o pound_n pretend_v that_o the_o borrower_n shall_v buy_v therewith_o a_o hundred_o sheep_n this_o hundred_o sheep_n say_v he_o i_o will_v let_v thou_o yearly_o for_o so_o many_o shilling_n so_o as_o thou_o will_v undertake_v to_o make_v always_o my_o stock_n good_a which_o he_o say_v not_o that_o the_o borrower_n shall_v bestow_v his_o money_n in_o sheep_n but_o that_o under_o pretence_n of_o let_v he_o may_v exact_v five_o in_o twenty_o which_o be_v after_o five_o and_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o otherwise_o if_o indeed_o he_o do_v let_v cattle_n or_o sheep_n for_o a_o indifferent_a rate_n and_o stand_v to_o the_o hazard_n of_o they_o the_o conaract_n be_v lawful_a but_o in_o those_o unreasonable_a covenant_n the_o cattle_n which_o to_o the_o hire_a be_v mortal_a and_o subject_a to_o many_o casualty_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v immortal_a and_o free_a from_o all_o hazard_n to_o the_o letter_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o contract_n of_o facere_fw-la ut_fw-la des_fw-fr as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v whereby_o a_o man_n let_v out_o his_o labour_n for_o reward_n may_v fit_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o contract_n of_o location_n therefore_o to_o this_o head_n such_o mystery_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v as_o be_v practise_v under_o pretence_n of_o that_o contract_n as_o for_o example_n a_o poor_a man_n come_v to_o his_o neighbour_n to_o borrow_v 20_o shilling_n he_o have_v some_o small_a skill_n in_o scrivener_n craft_n pretend_v that_o he_o will_v lend_v his_o money_n free_o so_o he_o may_v ever_o have_v it_o again_o upon_o small_a warning_n be_v content_a to_o lend_v his_o money_n for_o a_o month_n promise_v when_o that_o month_n be_v expire_v he_o will_v lend_v it_o he_o for_o another_o month_n if_o he_o can_v forbear_v it_o and_o so_o from_o month_n to_o month_n only_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o pain_n he_o be_v to_o have_v at_o the_o renew_n of_o his_o bond_n every_o month_n twelve_o penny_n which_o beside_o one_o shilling_n allow_v he_o for_o a_o couple_n of_o bill_n or_o bond_n amount_v to_o twelve_o shilling_n in_o the_o year_n which_o be_v after_o threescore_o in_o the_o hundred_o four_o partnership_n usury_n be_v commit_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o partnership_n so_o oft_o as_o the_o creditor_n covenant_v to_o partake_v in_o the_o gain_n not_o mind_v to_o bear_v part_n in_o the_o loss_n for_o the_o money_n which_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v he_o will_v have_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v his_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o gain_n but_o the_o borrower_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o loss_n five_o exchange_n usury_n be_v practise_v under_o exchange_n now_o exchange_n be_v either_o of_o ware_n for_o ware_n or_o of_o money_n for_o money_n the_o former_a be_v call_v barterie_n wherein_o usury_n be_v commit_v when_o the_o first_o deliverer_n of_o his_o commodity_n require_v more_o of_o the_o other_o than_o his_o commodity_n be_v worth_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o delivery_n of_o his_o ware_n exchange_n of_o money_n be_v either_o for_o money_n present_o deliver_v or_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n assure_v in_o the_o former_a which_o be_v practise_v by_o money-exchaungers_a who_o the_o scripture_n cail_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v no_o loan_n 15._o and_o therefore_o no_o usury_n though_o they_o use_v not_o to_o exchange_v without_o gain_n for_o see_v it_o be_v their_o trade_n wherein_o they_o spend_v their_o time_n labour_n and_o cost_n to_o accommodate_v man_n in_o that_o behalf_n a_o competent_a gain_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v unto_o they_o exchange_n of_o money_n for_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v upon_o bill_n be_v either_o without_o gain_n as_o when_o english_a money_n be_v exchange_v for_o the_o just_a quantity_n there_o in_o other_o money_n according_a to_o the_o public_a and_o know_a valuation_n thereof_o or_o else_o it_o be_v for_o gain_v and_o that_o be_v either_o the_o banker_n exchange_v or_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n the_o banker_n be_v they_o which_o be_v more_o proper_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trapezites_n 27._o who_o deal_v in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n be_v twofold_a for_o sometime_o they_o give_v bill_n and_o sometime_o they_o take_v they_o give_v thus_o a_o man_n be_v to_o travel_v to_o venice_n deliver_v to_o a_o banker_n a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o desire_v to_o receive_v at_o venice_n the_o banker_n because_o he_o be_v at_o charge_n with_o keep_v servant_n there_o as_o also_o for_o that_o he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o safe_a delivery_n of_o the_o money_n free_v the_o traveller_n from_o the_o
to_o the_o place_n appoint_v beyond_o sea_n to_o the_o end_n that_o thereby_o so_o much_o money_n may_v be_v receive_v there_o to_o the_o lender_n behalf_n as_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o deal_n in_o exchange_n before_o specify_v be_v due_a the_o counterfeit_a exchange_n be_v when_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o real_a exchange_n money_n be_v deliver_v upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o mention_n also_o of_o the_o place_n of_o exchange_n not_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o bill_n shall_v be_v transport_v for_o the_o satisfy_n of_o the_o creditor_n beyond_o sea_n but_o that_o the_o lender_n keep_v the_o bill_n at_o home_n with_o he_o may_v have_v the_o like_a allowance_n which_o merchant_n have_v for_o the_o same_o time_n deal_v by_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v betwixt_o the_o place_n name_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o practice_n be_v because_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v reap_v by_o exchange_n be_v great_a than_o any_o other_o which_o be_v tolerate_v by_o the_o magistrate_n insomuch_o that_o they_o which_o put_v forth_o their_o money_n in_o this_o counterfeit_a exchange_n be_v suppose_v to_o gain_v after_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o therefore_o this_o kind_n of_o exchange_n may_v most_o worthy_o be_v call_v cambium_n siccum_fw-la that_o be_v dry_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v void_a of_o charity_n 54_o be_v indeed_o a_o gripe_a usury_n practise_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o merchandize_v exchange_n howbeit_o the_o former_a also_o by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o schoolman_n be_v to_o be_v call_v dry_a exchange_n 6._o last_o usury_n be_v practise_v under_o pretence_n of_o the_o adventurer_n usury_n when_o a_o man_n covenant_v for_o gain_v in_o lend_v under_o pretence_n of_o hazard_n when_o indeed_o the_o principal_n be_v not_o hazard_v as_o when_o a_o man_n dare_v a_o hundred_o pound_n with_o this_o condition_n if_o himself_o and_o two_o or_o three_o other_o which_o he_o shall_v name_v or_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v alive_a at_o the_o twelvemonth_n end_n that_o the_o debrour_n shall_v pay_v he_o a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n otherwise_o he_o shall_v pay_v but_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o pound_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v name_v but_o one_o it_o be_v seven_o to_o one_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v live_v at_o the_o year_n end_n but_o number_v three_o it_o be_v more_o than_o twenty_o to_o one_o that_o some_o one_o of_o the_o three_o shall_v survive_v this_o therefore_o be_v but_o a_o cloak_n of_o usury_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v hear_v of_o usury_n practise_v in_o such_o contract_n as_o have_v the_o name_n of_o other_o contract_n do_v not_o therefore_o seem_v though_o indeed_o they_o be_v contract_v of_o lend_v now_o we_o be_v brief_o to_o speak_v of_o usury_n commit_v when_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o contract_n of_o lend_v for_o gain_n as_o first_o usury_n be_v sometime_o practise_v under_o a_o colour_n of_o free_a lend_n as_o when_o a_o man_n lend_v a_o hundred_o pound_n in_o light_n or_o crack_v angel_n and_o other_o money_n not_o currant_n covenant_v with_o the_o borrower_n that_o he_o shall_v repay_v he_o in_o good_a and_o currant_n money_n such_o be_v the_o usury_n practise_v of_o old_a by_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ezechiel_n a_o little_a before_o the_o captivity_n 13._o for_o as_o some_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v a_o new_a shekel_n exceed_v the_o old_a two_o and_o thirty_o grain_n so_o that_o whereas_o the_o civil_a or_o mosaical_a shekel_n which_o be_v but_o half_a of_o the_o holy_a shekel_n weigh_v a_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o grain_n 30._o the_o new_a weigh_v a_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o two_o they_o will_v lend_v after_o the_o old_a shekel_n but_o they_o will_v be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o new_a second_o usury_n be_v practise_v in_o lend_v upon_o pawn_n for_o although_o by_o take_v a_o pawn_n which_o the_o debtor_n may_v spare_v the_o lender_n may_v lawful_o provide_v for_o his_o security_n &_o indemnity_n yet_o when_o gain_n be_v seek_v thereby_o it_o be_v a_o cloak_n of_o usury_n as_o first_o when_o he_o dare_v upon_o a_o pawn_n which_o be_v much_o better_a than_o his_o money_n in_o hope_n to_o get_v the_o pawn_n it_o be_v a_o spice_n of_o usury_n again_o when_o the_o creditor_n covenant_v to_o have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o the_o pawn_n in_o lieu_n of_o his_o loan_n abate_v nothing_o of_o the_o principal_a 〈◊〉_d this_o contract_n of_o the_o lawyer_n be_v call_v antichrest_n wherein_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n appear_v some_o show_n of_o equality_n and_o justice_n that_o as_o the_o debtor_n use_v the_o creditors_n money_n so_o the_o creditor_n shall_v use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o debtor_n house_n and_o land_n but_o indeed_o this_o contract_n be_v unjust_a and_o usurious_a usurious_a because_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o lend_v for_o gain_v for_o when_o the_o debtor_n yield_v to_o the_o creditor_n the_o use_n of_o his_o house_n and_o land_n for_o the_o use_n of_o his_o money_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o allow_v he_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o house_n and_o land_n for_o usury_n unjust_a also_o and_o unequal_a first_o because_o the_o house_n and_o land_n which_o be_v let_v for_o ten_o pound_n a_o year_n and_o pawn_v for_o a_o hundred_o pound_n be_v worth_a two_o hundred_o or_o perhaps_o three_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v unequal_a that_o for_o the_o use_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o be_v not_o lettable_a the_o borrower_n shall_v yield_v the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o his_o house_n and_o ground_n which_o be_v worth_a two_o or_o three_o hundred_o pound_n may_v be_v let_v for_o ten_o or_o twelve_o pound_n a_o year_n beside_o the_o creditor_n though_o he_o have_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o house_n and_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o not_o the_o property_n neither_o do_v he_o bear_v the_o hazard_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o his_o own_o and_o whereof_o he_o bear_v not_o the_o hazard_n but_o to_o the_o borrower_n belong_v both_o the_o property_n and_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v wherefore_o the_o scripture_n condemn_v the_o use_n of_o thing_n lay_v to_o pawn_n as_o lie_v in_o clothes_n pawn_v amos_n 2._o 8_o i_o mean_v such_o a_o use_n as_o whereby_o the_o thing_n pawn_v be_v diminish_v or_o impair_v but_o among_o we_o there_o be_v usurer_n which_o commit_v double_a usury_n not_o only_o covenant_v for_o usury_n in_o money_n but_o also_o impair_n the_o thing_n pawn_v as_o plate_n or_o garment_n by_o the_o use_n thereof_o three_o under_o lend_v upon_o bond_n for_o although_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v bond_n for_o his_o indemnity_n and_o thereby_o by_o way_n of_o interest_n to_o save_v himself_o harmless_a yet_o if_o thereby_o he_o seek_v for_o gain_v he_o commit_v usury_n as_o for_o example_n one_o come_v to_o borrow_v of_o thou_o twenty_o pound_n for_o a_o twelvemonth_n thou_o say_v thou_o can_v not_o forbear_v thy_o money_n so_o long_o therefore_o thou_o will_v lend_v he_o so_o much_o free_o upon_o his_o bond_n for_o a_o month_n hope_v that_o he_o which_o come_v to_o borrow_v for_o a_o twelvemonth_n will_v not_o be_v in_o case_n to_o pay_v within_o a_o month_n the_o month_n therefore_o be_v expire_v and_o payment_n not_o make_v thou_o exact_a more_v of_o he_o than_o by_o a_o contract_n of_o usury_n thou_o can_v have_v covenant_v for_o but_o whether_o in_o take_v bond_n thou_o play_v the_o usurer_n or_o not_o thou_o may_v discern_v by_o this_o note_n for_o it_o thou_o desire_v in_o thy_o heart_n that_o he_o may_v keep_v touch_n with_o thou_o and_o not_o incur_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o bond_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o thou_o provide_v only_o for_o thy_o indemnity_n but_o if_o thou_o wish_v that_o he_o shall_v rather_o break_v his_o day_n than_o keep_v touch_v with_o thou_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o thou_o lend_v for_o gain_n and_o take_v a_o bond_n not_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v the_o soon_o but_o the_o more_o but_o if_o thy_o disposition_n be_v such_o that_o thou_o will_v not_o lend_v to_o a_o land_a man_n if_o thou_o do_v think_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v touch_n than_o do_v thou_o lend_v not_o to_o help_v thy_o neighbour_n but_o to_o undo_v he_o and_o while_o thou_o lay_v a_o net_n for_o thy_o brother_n thyself_o fall_v into_o the_o snare_n of_o the_o devil_n 4._o last_o usury_n be_v practise_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o interest_n so_o oft_o almost_o as_o man_n agree_v for_o interest_n aforehand_o for_o although_o some_o have_v distinguish_v interest_n that_o there_o be_v a_o casual_a interest_n usurarium_fw-la which_o they_o confess_v be_v not_o to_o be_v regard_v but_o after_o delay_n &_o a_o promiscuous_a or_o successive_a
interest_n which_o as_o they_o say_v may_v be_v covenant_v for_o proratione_fw-la temporis_fw-la according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n which_o they_o call_v interusurium_fw-la and_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n usurious_a interest_n hotoman_n yet_o those_o of_o sound_a judgement_n do_v hold_v that_o interest_n be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v nisi_fw-la post_fw-la moram_fw-la but_o after_o delay_n for_o grant_v interusurium_fw-la or_o successive_a interest_n as_o they_o call_v it_o to_o be_v lawful_a then_o can_v you_o not_o but_o allow_v of_o all_o usury_n for_o first_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v not_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la debitoris_fw-la but_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la creditoris_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o respect_n be_v have_v therein_o whether_o the_o debtor_n do_v gain_v thereby_o but_o only_o whether_o the_o forbear_n of_o the_o money_n be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o creditor_n or_o not_o and_o second_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o agree_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n for_o so_o much_o gain_v as_o the_o law_n permit_v every_o lender_n may_v pretend_v that_o by_o the_o forbear_n of_o his_o money_n he_o shall_v be_v so_o much_o at_o the_o least_o damnify_v &_o therefore_o may_v covenant_n for_o so_o much_o at_o the_o least_o by_o way_n of_o interest_n notwithstanding_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o in_o some_o case_n a_o man_n lawful_o require_v and_o take_v interest_n though_o the_o borrower_n have_v not_o make_v delay_n as_o namely_o when_o by_o the_o borrower_n authority_n or_o otherwise_o the_o creditor_n who_o can_v without_o his_o loss_n or_o certain_a hindrance_n of_o some_o just_a and_o lawful_a gain_n forbear_v his_o money_n be_v as_o it_o be_v force_v to_o lend_v to_o a_o man_n who_o estate_n or_o ability_n be_v such_o that_o he_o may_v better_o undertake_v to_o save_v the_o lender_n harmless_a than_o the_o lender_n may_v want_v his_o money_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o be_v true_a interest_n in_o respect_n either_o of_o certain_a loss_n to_o be_v incur_v by_o want_n of_o the_o money_n or_o of_o certain_a hindrance_n of_o just_a and_o lawful_a gain_n to_o be_v sustain_v for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o borrower_n be_v the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o the_o lender_n hindrance_n or_o loss_n and_o be_v better_a able_a to_o bear_v that_o imposition_n of_o interest_n than_o the_o lender_n be_v to_o forbear_v his_o money_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o lender_n may_v by_o require_v interest_n provide_v for_o his_o own_o indemnity_n we_o have_v hear_v two_o distinction_n of_o usury_n the_o three_o and_o last_o remain_v viz._n that_o usury_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_v the_o simple_a wheu_o usury_n of_o the_o principal_a only_o be_v exact_v compound_v when_o usury_n not_o only_o of_o the_o principal_n be_v require_v but_o of_o usury_n also_o and_o be_v therefore_o call_v usury_n of_o usury_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aristoph_n nub._n 5._o as_o for_o example_n when_o a_o man_n have_v lend_v a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o twelvemonth_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v content_a for_o a_o second_o year_n to_o forbear_v both_o the_o principal_a and_o usury_n there_o be_v due_a to_o he_o the_o first_o year_n by_o simple_a usury_n a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n but_o the_o second_o year_n by_o usury_n of_o usury_n conceditur_fw-la a_o hundred_o and_o one_o and_o twenty_o pound_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o usury_n of_o usury_n be_v ever_o condemn_v it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a practice_n of_o usurer_n to_o join_v the_o former_a year_n usury_n unto_o the_o principal_a and_o so_o anew_o to_o covenant_n for_o the_o usury_n of_o the_o whole_a sum_n which_o contract_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o of_o tully_n renovatiâ—_n fanoris_fw-la renew_v of_o usury_n we_o have_v show_v what_o usury_n be_v and_o how_o many_o way_n it_o be_v committeâ—â—ow_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n of_o it_o viz._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o for_o this_o the_o covetousness_n of_o these_o time_n have_v make_v a_o controversy_n which_o in_o former_a age_n be_v never_o doubt_v of_o but_o not_o to_o hold_v you_o long_o in_o suspense_n i_o will_v in_o this_o short_a assertion_n determine_v what_o we_o be_v to_o hold_v concern_v this_o question_n which_o assertion_n i_o will_v afterward_o not_o only_o prove_v by_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n and_o by_o other_o argument_n but_o also_o defend_v and_o maintain_v against_o the_o objection_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n my_o assertion_n therefore_o be_v this_o that_o all_o usury_n which_o i_o have_v define_v to_o be_v mutuation_n or_o lend_v for_o gain_n whether_o it_o be_v mental_a or_o actual_a whether_o manifest_a or_o covert_n whether_o simple_a or_o compound_n be_v simple_o and_o in_o it_o own_o nature_n utter_o unlawful_a howsoever_o some_o usury_n be_v worse_a than_o other_o according_a either_o to_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o borrower_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o usury_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o in_o three_o place_n forbid_v usury_n viz._n exod._n 22._o 25._o levit._n 25._o 35_o 36._o deut._n 23._o 19_o against_o which_o place_n the_o patroness_n of_o usury_n bring_v many_o exception_n which_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v refute_v but_o i_o will_v chief_o insist_v on_o that_o place_n of_o deuteronomie_n 19_o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v upon_o usury_n to_o thy_o brother_n the_o usury_n of_o money_n the_o usury_n of_o meat_n the_o usury_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n that_o be_v thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v for_o gain_v to_o thy_o brother_n neither_o money_n nor_o meat_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o which_o consist_v in_o quantity_n as_o in_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o wherein_o usury_n be_v usual_o commit_v against_o these_o allegation_n there_o be_v diverse_a exception_n take_v as_o first_o concern_v the_o word_n whereby_o usury_n be_v signify_v in_o the_o scripture_n for_o in_o that_o place_n of_o deuteronomie_n and_o in_o this_o psalm_n not_o all_o usury_n say_v they_o be_v forbid_v but_o neshek_n that_o be_v morsurie_n or_o bite_a usury_n which_o bit_v and_o damnifi_v the_o neighbour_n for_o there_o be_v say_v they_o a_o certain_a toothless_a or_o not_o bite_v usury_n which_o do_v not_o hurt_v but_o help_v the_o neighbour_n but_o i_o have_v show_v before_o that_o neshek_n be_v the_o common_a and_o ordinary_a name_n whereby_o all_o usury_n be_v signify_v in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o therefore_o this_o word_n do_v not_o distinguish_v one_o kind_n of_o usury_n from_o another_o but_o in_o general_n signify_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v bite_v and_o in_o like_a sort_n he_o which_o dare_v for_o gain_v be_v call_v masshik_n and_o he_o which_o take_v up_o upon_o usury_n though_o for_o his_o gain_n be_v call_v nashuk_n the_o money_n which_o be_v lend_v for_o gain_n be_v call_v noshek_n that_o be_v which_o bit_v as_o appear_v evident_o by_o this_o text_n because_o when_o it_o be_v repay_v it_o bit_v and_o as_o it_o be_v gnaw_v away_o some_o part_n of_o the_o borrower_n substance_n for_o a_o overplus_n or_o gain_n to_o the_o creditor_n which_o be_v call_v neshek_n as_o it_o be_v the_o bit_n so_o that_o all_o usury_n in_o it_o own_o nature_n be_v bite_v because_o it_o bit_v or_o shr_v away_o some_o of_o the_o borrower_n substance_n and_o although_o perhaps_o the_o borrower_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o wealth_n feel_v not_o this_o bite_n or_o else_o lick_v himself_o whole_a by_o bite_v of_o other_o yet_o usury_n be_v a_o gain_n which_o be_v bite_v and_o shred_v away_o from_o the_o borower_n and_o that_o either_o to_o his_o loss_n or_o as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n who_o common_a profit_n in_o all_o contract_n be_v especial_o to_o be_v regard_v second_o i_o have_v show_v before_o that_o neshek_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o other_o word_n tarbith_n and_o marbith_n whereby_o any_o gain_n or_o clear_a increase_n above_o the_o principal_n require_v for_o loan_n be_v signify_v and_o therefore_o the_o least_o gain_n require_v for_o loan_n be_v neshek_n and_o condemn_v for_o usury_n in_o the_o scripture_n as_o levit._n 25._o 36_o thou_o shall_v not_o take_v of_o he_o usury_n or_o increase_n which_o the_o old_a latin_a translation_n read_v thus_o thou_o shall_v not_o take_v usury_n of_o he_o nor_o more_o than_o thou_o give_v and_o vers_fw-la 37_o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v he_o thy_o money_n upon_o usury_n nor_o thy_o victual_n for_o increase_n that_o be_v as_o ambrose_n read_v in_o amplius_fw-la recipiendum_fw-la to_o receive_v more_o upon_o which_o word_n he_o say_v have_v sententia_fw-la
but_o a_o bountiful_a act_n to_o require_v a_o quarter_n at_o the_o lest_o to_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o ever_o but_o indeed_o this_o example_n of_o joseph_n have_v no_o affinity_n with_o usury_n for_o when_o the_o egyptian_n money_n and_o cattle_n be_v spend_v 19_o and_o now_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o wherewith_o to_o buy_v food_n for_o themselves_o and_o seed_n for_o their_o ground_n in_o this_o extremity_n they_o come_v to_o joseph_n in_o the_o seven_o which_o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o famine_n and_o offer_v to_o sell_v themselves_o and_o their_o land_n to_o pharaoh_n for_o food_n and_o seed_n whereupon_o joseph_n be_v not_o to_o deal_v for_o himself_o but_o for_o the_o king_n accept_v their_o offer_n and_o buy_v both_o they_o and_o their_o land_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o in_o testimony_n that_o the_o right_a property_n and_o dominion_n of_o the_o land_n appertain_v to_o pharaoh_n he_o remove_v the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n from_o one_o side_n of_o egypt_n to_o another_o when_o as_o therefore_o the_o right_n and_o property_n of_o the_o land_n of_o all_o the_o egyptian_n 20._o except_v the_o priest_n appertain_v to_o pharaoh_n he_o grant_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o egyptian_n thus_o remove_v as_o it_o be_v in_o fee_n farm_n reserve_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n for_o a_o rent_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o example_n there_o be_v no_o usury_n unless_o it_o be_v usury_n for_o a_o man_n have_v buy_v land_n of_o one_o man_n to_o let_v they_o out_o to_o another_o at_o a_o easy_a rent_n their_o four_o exception_n be_v out_o of_o both_o those_o place_n exod._n 22._o 25._o levit._n 25._o 35._o viz._n that_o usury_n be_v forbid_v towards_o the_o poor_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a towards_o the_o rich_a and_o some_o add_v that_o not_o all_o usury_n towards_o the_o poor_a be_v condemn_v but_o that_o only_a which_o bit_v and_o oppress_v they_o for_o there_o may_v some_o usury_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o poor_a which_o shall_v not_o bite_v they_o but_o rather_o heal_v the_o bite_v which_o their_o penury_n have_v make_v to_o omit_v the_o common_a practice_n of_o usurer_n who_o out_o of_o their_o brother_n want_v take_v advantage_n of_o seek_v the_o more_o gain_n i_o answer_v that_o this_o evasion_n be_v very_o frivolous_a for_o deut._n 23._o 19_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o poor_a but_o all_o usury_n be_v forbid_v towards_o a_o brother_n whether_o he_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a meaning_n by_o brother_n any_o either_o israelit_fw-la or_o proselit_fw-la or_o as_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n speak_v 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n include_v both_o rich_a and_o poor_a the_o learned_a among_o the_o jew_n have_v understand_v this_o law_n and_o unto_o this_o day_n it_o be_v observe_v among_o they_o as_o appear_z by_o the_o book_n of_o r._n abraham_n late_o set_v forth_o in_o latin_a call_v vox_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o our_o saviour_n christ_n luke_n 6._o 34_o givith_n this_o tetimonie_n to_o the_o very_a sinner_n of_o his_o time_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o they_o will_v lend_v one_o to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v receive_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o much_o as_o they_o lend_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o usury_n be_v lawful_a towards_o a_o brother_n whether_o he_o be_v poor_a or_o rich_a indeed_o if_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o scripture_n have_v put_v such_o a_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o rich_a as_o he_o do_v betwixt_o the_o israelit_fw-la and_o the_o canaanit_n to_o the_o rich_a thou_o may_v lend_v upon_o usury_n but_o to_o the_o poor_a thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v upon_o usury_n then_o usurious_a contract_n with_o the_o rich_a might_n with_o good_a conscience_n be_v practise_v but_o deut._n 23._o 19_o 20_o he_o make_v opposition_n not_o betwixt_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o rich_a but_o betwixt_o a_o israelit_fw-la and_o a_o canaanit_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o psal._n 15._o prou._n 28._o ezek._n 18._o and_o 22_o all_o usury_n and_o increase_n be_v absolute_o and_o general_a without_o condition_n or_o limitation_n condemn_v in_o these_o two_o place_n viz._n exod._n 22._o and_o levit._n 25._o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o poor_a and_o needy_a because_o the_o commandment_n of_o loan_n be_v especial_o make_v for_o their_o good_a and_o because_o usury_n impose_v upon_o they_o be_v a_o more_o grievous_a sin_n but_o may_v we_o conclude_v from_o hence_o as_o indeed_o the_o author_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a treatise_n conclude_v we_o may_v not_o take_v usury_n of_o a_o poor_a man_n therefore_o we_o may_v take_v it_o of_o the_o rich_a then_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n we_o may_v conclude_v wrong_a be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o poor_a the_o widow_n the_o fatherless_a or_o stranger_n therefore_o wrong_n may_v be_v do_v to_o the_o rich_a to_o the_o marry_a wife_n to_o the_o child_n that_o have_v their_o parent_n live_v to_o those_o which_o be_v not_o stranger_n 22._o or_o when_o solomon_n say_v rob_v not_o the_o poor_a because_o he_o be_v poor_a we_o may_v infer_v therefore_o thou_o may_v rob_v the_o rich_a because_o he_o be_v rich_a but_o the_o lord_n oftentimes_o when_o he_o speak_v against_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o six_o and_o eight_o commandment_n etc._n make_v express_v mention_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o helpless_a 10._o because_o all_o wrong_n violence_n robbery_n and_o oppession_n exercise_v towards_o they_o be_v most_o grievous_a and_o indeed_o cry_v sin_n and_o not_o only_o in_o that_o respect_n do_v the_o lord_n sometime_o mention_v the_o poor_a and_o needy_a in_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n but_o also_o because_o those_o only_o which_o have_v need_v have_v just_a occasion_n to_o borrow_v and_o as_o the_o needy_a have_v most_o occasion_n to_o borrow_v so_o be_v they_o most_o subject_a to_o the_o oppression_n and_o injury_n of_o the_o wealthy_a for_o as_o we_o common_o say_v where_o the_o hedge_n be_v low_a there_o every_o one_o go_v over_o howbeit_o the_o signification_n of_o a_o needy_a brother_n be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o they_o which_o be_v of_o base_a condition_n but_o be_v to_o be_v extend_v also_o to_o those_o who_o be_v of_o good_a calling_n be_v come_v behind_o hand_n or_o fall_v into_o need_n not_o have_v mean_n of_o their_o own_o to_o supply_v their_o want_n for_o if_o man_n have_v mean_n of_o their_o own_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o borrow_v for_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o the_o borrower_n presuppose_v need_v 9_o and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n plato_n provide_v by_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v fetch_v water_n at_o his_o neighbour_n well_o until_o himself_o have_v first_o dig_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unto_o the_o potter_n earth_n under_o which_o there_o be_v no_o water_n do_v find_v his_o own_o ground_n to_o be_v without_o water_n and_o it_o be_v true_o say_v of_o plutarch_n faeâ—erandâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o law_n provide_v for_o their_o help_n who_o want_n mean_v of_o their_o own_o and_o therefore_o to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o need_n to_o borrow_v we_o need_v not_o lend_v but_o if_o we_o do_v lend_v we_o must_v lend_v free_o or_o if_o we_o will_v look_v to_o gain_v by_o those_o which_o need_v not_o our_o help_n we_o must_v deal_v with_o they_o by_o some_o honest_a contract_n of_o negotiation_n for_o loan_n be_v such_o a_o contract_n as_o god_n have_v appoint_v to_o be_v free_a and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o free_a he_o have_v condemn_v it_o with_o fearful_a term_n under_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n for_o as_o chemnicius_n well_o faith_n 2._o in_o humane_a society_n god_n will_v not_o have_v all_o thing_n set_v to_o sale_n but_o he_o require_v that_o some_o duty_n shall_v be_v free_a which_o be_v deform_v and_o deprave_a if_o either_o they_o be_v sell_v as_o thing_n venal_a or_o let_v to_o hire_v as_o mercenary_a duty_n and_o sure_o say_v he_o if_o the_o scripture_n in_o the_o contract_n of_o loan_n shall_v grant_v usury_n to_o be_v exercise_v towards_o the_o rich_a the_o duty_n of_o free_a lend_n will_v soon_o be_v abolish_v and_o those_o who_o have_v need_v to_o borrow_v shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o borrow_v free_o for_o every_o man_n will_v think_v he_o give_v to_o the_o needy_a so_o much_o as_o he_o may_v gain_v of_o the_o rich_a and_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a that_o will_v not_o be_v much_o and_o therefore_o god_n shall_v then_o have_v provide_v worse_o for_o the_o poor_a when_o he_o intend_v to_o have_v provide_v best_a for_o they_o for_o man_n necessity_n many_o time_n be_v such_o that_o they_o must_v needs_o borrow_v and_o better_a upon_o usury_n than_o not_o at_o all_o and_o
egyptian_n at_o their_o departure_n out_o of_o egypt_n they_o may_v lawful_o do_v it_o it_o be_v a_o fearful_a sin_n forbid_v in_o the_o six_o commandment_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n if_o a_o father_n shall_v kill_v his_o only_a son_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n appoint_v abraham_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o son_n he_o be_v authorise_v to_o do_v it_o for_o if_o prince_n may_v dispense_v with_o their_o own_o law_n much_o more_o be_v this_o pr_v erogative_n royal_a to_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o lord_n who_o will_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o justice_n have_v this_o privilege_n that_o whatsoever_o it_o will_v be_v therefore_o just_a because_o he_o will_v it_o whereas_o therefore_o some_o object_n that_o if_o usury_n be_v permit_v towards_o a_o stranger_n therefore_o simple_o it_o be_v lawful_a i_o answer_v if_o it_o be_v permit_v it_o be_v thereby_o rather_o prove_v to_o be_v unlawful_a in_o itself_o for_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a in_o itself_o it_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o be_v permit_v as_o the_o put_v away_o of_o a_o man_n innocent_a wife_n be_v a_o thing_n simple_o and_o in_o itself_o evil_a be_v notwithstanding_o permit_v to_o the_o jew_n yea_o but_o now_o all_o difference_n of_o brother_n and_o stranger_n be_v take_v away_o and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_a towards_o one_o be_v not_o unlawful_a towards_o another_o assume_v but_o usury_n be_v lawful_a towards_o one_o that_o i_o deny_v it_o be_v lawful_a towards_o the_o stranger_n because_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o a_o judicial_a permission_n or_o dispensation_n but_o be_v not_o now_o lawful_a because_o by_o the_o moral_a law_n it_o be_v general_o and_o perpetual_o forbid_v yea_o but_o now_o difference_n of_o brother_n and_o stranger_n be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o among_o those_o that_o believe_v in_o christ_n otherwise_o there_o be_v brother_n and_o stranger_n still_o but_o what_o be_v hereof_o to_o be_v infer_v sure_o if_o all_o difference_n of_o brother_n and_o stranger_n be_v take_v away_o then_o be_v not_o usury_n lawful_a among_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o name_n of_o christ_n for_o we_o be_v all_o brethren_n in_o christ_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v not_o lawful_a among_o brethren_n be_v not_o lawful_a among_o us._n for_o i_o hope_v none_o will_v be_v so_o absurd_a as_o to_o conclude_v that_o all_o difference_n of_o brother_n and_o stranger_n be_v take_v away_o we_o be_v all_o aliens_n and_o stranger_n one_o to_o another_o and_o therefore_o that_o usury_n among_o we_o may_v be_v lawful_a as_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o israelit_v towards_o the_o canaanite_n but_o how_o be_v it_o permit_v towards_o the_o stranger_n sure_o as_o a_o grievous_a punishment_n whereby_o the_o lord_n will_v have_v he_o impoverish_v and_o consume_v if_o therefore_o the_o lord_n permit_v or_o allow_v usury_n to_o be_v exercise_v only_o against_o the_o canaanite_n who_o he_o have_v appoint_v to_o destruction_n and_o who_o he_o will_v have_v by_o degree_n waste_v and_o consume_v deut._n 7._o 22._o and_o also_o permit_v it_o to_o this_o end_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v waste_v and_o impoverish_v do_v thou_o think_v that_o thou_o can_v in_o charity_n impose_v the_o same_o upon_o thy_o brother_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o manifest_o prove_v that_o all_o usury_n or_o lend_v for_o gain_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o god_n howsoever_o the_o judicial_a law_n allow_v the_o practice_n of_o it_o towards_o that_o alien_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o canaanite_n to_o these_o place_n of_o the_o law_n i_o will_v add_v the_o example_n of_o nehemias_n that_o godly_a magistrate_n 11._o in_o the_o fist_n chapter_n of_o that_o book_n for_o when_o as_o the_o needy_a sort_n have_v make_v complaint_n that_o whereas_o they_o be_v employ_v about_o the_o build_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o neglect_v their_o own_o particular_a be_v fall_v into_o want_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a charge_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o want_v mean_n of_o their_o own_o have_v be_v force_v to_o borrow_v of_o the_o wealthy_a sort_n corn_n wine_n &_o oil_n for_o their_o sustenance_n &_o money_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o king_n tribute_n so_o it_o be_v that_o the_o wealthy_a sort_n have_v not_o only_o take_v their_o house_n land_n and_o vineyard_n to_o pawn_v but_o also_o exact_v of_o they_o for_o usury_n the_o hundred_o part_n over_o and_o above_o the_o principal_a nehemias_n therefore_o hear_v this_o complaint_n be_v great_o offend_v with_o these_o rich_a man_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n require_v usury_n of_o their_o brethren_n and_o cause_v they_o not_o only_o to_o remit_v this_o usury_n of_o the_o hundred_o part_n which_o he_o call_v a_o burden_n 10._o and_o will_v have_v the_o people_n ease_v thereof_o but_o also_o to_o restore_v unto_o they_o their_o land_n their_o vineyard_n their_o olive_n ground_n and_o their_o house_n which_o they_o have_v take_v to_o pawn_v where_o the_o centesima_fw-la usura_fw-la that_o be_v the_o usury_n of_o the_o hundred_o part_n which_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o persian_n as_o after_o it_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n among_o who_o it_o be_v exact_v monthly_o be_v a_o usury_n of_o 12_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v plain_o condemn_v but_o against_o this_o allegation_n i_o find_v three_o exception_n the_o first_o that_o the_o usury_n which_o be_v here_o condemn_v be_v exact_v of_o the_o poor_a and_o they_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a towards_o the_o poor_a i_o answer_v that_o although_o these_o borrower_n be_v in_o want_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o such_o poor_a man_n as_o these_o patroness_n of_o usury_n imagine_v for_o they_o have_v house_n land_n vineyard_n and_o olive_n ground_n and_o in_o regard_n thereof_o be_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o king_n but_o now_o be_v cast_v behind_o hand_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v force_v to_o borrow_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o borrow_v without_o a_o pawn_n nor_o yet_o without_o allowance_n of_o usury_n have_v yield_v in_o their_o necessity_n not_o only_o to_o pawn_v their_o house_n and_o land_n but_o also_o to_o grant_v a_o usury_n of_o twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o their_o creditor_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n prove_v that_o man_n of_o wealth_n ought_v to_o lend_v free_o not_o only_a to_o the_o poor_a and_o base_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o also_o to_o man_n of_o better_a place_n and_o calling_n be_v in_o need_n the_o second_o exception_n be_v molin_n that_o some_o understand_v this_o place_n not_o of_o the_o creditor_n take_v usury_n for_o loan_n but_o of_o the_o governor_n exact_v allowance_n of_o their_o needy_a brethren_n for_o their_o maintenance_n which_o they_o prove_v because_o usury_n be_v execrable_a among_o the_o jew_n and_o therefore_o the_o centesima_fw-la or_o hundred_o part_n here_o mention_v be_v not_o usury_n but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o their_o rent_n and_o good_n which_o they_o pay_v for_o the_o stipend_n of_o their_o governor_n first_o to_o their_o reason_n i_o answer_v that_o to_o so_o many_o of_o the_o jew_n as_o fear_v god_n usury_n be_v execrable_a as_o i_o partly_o observe_v before_o out_o of_o levit._n 25._o 36._o but_o it_o be_v the_o want_n of_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o nehemias_n object_v unto_o the_o rich_a man_n in_o this_o place_n vers_fw-la 9_o who_o neglect_v or_o forget_v the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o this_o behalf_n have_v learn_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n in_o require_v usury_n for_o loan_n second_o as_o touch_v the_o objection_n itself_o to_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o one_o or_o two_o i_o oppose_v the_o general_a and_o receive_a opinion_n of_o all_o the_o learned_a beside_o who_o either_o expound_v or_o translate_v this_o place_n understand_v the_o same_o with_o one_o consent_n of_o usury_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o place_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o complaint_n of_o they_o which_o be_v oppress_v who_o borrow_v money_n for_o the_o king_n tribute_n 24._o and_o corn_n and_o victual_n for_o their_o sustenance_n be_v fain_o to_o pawn_v their_o house_n and_o land_n yea_o some_o have_v bind_v over_o their_o child_n to_o their_o creditor_n and_o also_o by_o the_o remedy_n provide_v by_o nehemiah_n which_o be_v that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v restore_v their_o pawn_n and_o remit_v the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o money_n corn_n wine_n and_o oil_n for_o these_o be_v the_o particular_n which_o they_o have_v lend_v and_o for_o the_o loan_n whereof_o they_o require_v usur_n as_o centesimas_fw-la that_o be_v usury_n of_o the_o hundred_o part_n three_o out_o of_o this_o place_n the_o aforesaid_a author_n of_o the_o english_a treatise_n labour_v to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o
for_o the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o that_o which_o have_v in_o itself_o no_o fruitful_a use_n but_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o valuable_a by_o itself_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v pay_v for_o by_o itself_o as_o it_o be_v when_o in_o respect_n thereof_o a_o hire_n be_v require_v over_o and_o above_o the_o principal_a second_o in_o that_o he_o require_v gain_v or_o hire_v for_o another_o man_n industry_n and_o skill_n hazard_n and_o charge_v employ_v about_o that_o which_o now_o be_v not_o the_o usurer_n but_o the_o other_o man_n which_o use_v his_o skill_n and_o pain_n and_o bear_v the_o hazard_n and_o cost_v about_o it_o the_o usurer_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o money_n have_v transfer_v the_o property_n thereof_o to_o the_o borrower_n neither_o yet_o bear_v the_o hazard_n or_o charge_n or_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o money_n but_o against_o this_o argument_n diverse_a thing_n be_v object_v first_o they_o say_v money_n be_v not_o spend_v in_o the_o use_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v spend_v to_o the_o borrower_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v use_v it_o though_o the_o substance_n thereof_o remain_v in_o other_o man_n hand_n and_o it_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v for_o therefore_o the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o mutuation_n to_o restore_v not_o the_o same_o particular_a for_o that_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v and_o go_v but_o so_o much_o and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o the_o usurer_n not_o only_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n but_o of_o mutuation_n whether_o the_o principal_a be_v keep_v or_o spend_v or_o lose_v or_o employ_v to_o advantage_n the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v alike_o whatsoever_o become_v of_o that_o particular_a to_o restore_v the_o full_a value_n of_o the_o principal_a it_o be_v nothing_o to_o the_o lender_n how_o the_o money_n lend_v be_v use_v for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o loan_n so_o that_o the_o principal_n be_v restore_v in_o due_a time_n 2._o yea_o but_o although_o the_o money_n itself_o remain_v not_o to_o the_o borrower_n after_o he_o have_v use_v it_o yet_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o equivalent_a that_o be_v in_o some_o commodity_n or_o ware_n which_o have_v be_v buy_v therewith_o by_o utter_v whereof_o some_o gain_n may_v be_v raise_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o the_o usurer_n by_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o usury_n whether_o i_o give_v the_o money_n borrow_v or_o loose_v it_o or_o misspend_v it_o or_o pay_v a_o debt_n with_o it_o or_o buy_v a_o commodity_n with_o it_o and_o if_o i_o buy_v a_o commodity_n whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o necessary_a use_n as_o victual_n and_o such_o like_a or_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o remain_v with_o i_o or_o be_v a_o ware_n which_o i_o will_v sell_v to_o other_o and_o likewise_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o distraction_n or_o spend_v of_o it_o for_o whatsoever_o i_o do_v with_o the_o money_n and_o howsoever_o i_o use_v it_o whether_o to_o my_o loss_n or_o gain_n i_o be_o by_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o usury_n bind_v to_o restore_v the_o principal_a with_o the_o usury_n and_o therefore_o these_o be_v but_o frivolous_a pretence_n but_o suppose_v i_o buy_v a_o commodity_n which_o i_o mean_v to_o sell_v for_o gain_v first_o i_o employ_v my_o skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o my_o trade_n for_o the_o follow_v whereof_o i_o be_o at_o charge_n i_o only_o bear_v the_o hazard_n of_o the_o bargain_n which_o many_o time_n fall_v to_o my_o loss_n and_o last_o the_o commodity_n which_o i_o sell_v be_v i_o own_o and_o therefore_o the_o gain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o loss_n if_o there_o be_v any_o belong_v of_o right_a to_o myself_o and_o no_o man_n else_o but_o as_o i_o say_v whether_o i_o gain_v or_o lose_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o money_n i_o be_o bind_v alike_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n to_o pay_v the_o principal_a with_o the_o increase_n and_o therefore_o my_o gain_n be_v no_o more_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o gain_n though_o that_o be_v pretend_v than_o my_o loss_n because_o in_o both_o he_o gain_v alike_o 3._o objection_n but_o although_o money_n itself_o have_v no_o fruitful_a use_n 19_o yet_o as_o solomon_n say_v money_n answer_v all_o thing_n and_o therefore_o with_o money_n i_o may_v buy_v that_o which_o have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n as_o namely_o cattle_n house_n or_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o what_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o i_o may_v not_o as_o well_o let_v my_o hundred_o pound_n in_o money_n as_o my_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o cattle_n house_n or_o land_n which_o i_o buy_v with_o my_o money_n answer_n your_o money_n can_v be_v let_v for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o be_v lend_v it_o be_v the_o borrower_n who_o bear_v the_o hazard_n of_o it_o beside_o his_o pain_n and_o charge_n be_v to_o reap_v the_o gain_n thereof_o but_o cattle_n house_n and_o land_n may_v be_v let_v they_o have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n which_o be_v valuable_a they_o remain_v you_o notwithstanding_o they_o be_v let_v and_o the_o hazard_n of_o they_o appertain_v to_o you_o 4._o suppose_v a_o man_n of_o better_a estate_n than_o myself_o borrow_v of_o i_o a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therewith_o buy_v land_n and_o out_o of_o his_o land_n receive_v the_o fruit_n or_o rent_n thereof_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o he_o shall_v receive_v a_o rent_n for_o the_o land_n buy_v with_o my_o money_n and_o i_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v none_o allowance_n for_o my_o money_n i_o answer_v in_o such_o a_o case_n thou_o need_v not_o lend_v or_o if_o thou_o do_v thou_o may_v lend_v thy_o money_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o so_o much_o land_n as_o be_v buy_v therewith_o shall_v be_v mortgage_v unto_o thou_o that_o so_o the_o bargain_n may_v be_v thou_o and_o the_o rent_n thereof_o pay_v to_o thou_o until_o thou_o receive_v thy_o principal_n but_o you_o will_v say_v may_v i_o not_o as_o well_o lend_v my_o money_n for_o gain_v i_o answer_v no_o for_o if_o he_o beside_o the_o charge_n do_v also_o bear_v the_o hazard_n of_o the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v buy_v and_o be_v his_o own_o it_o be_v good_a reason_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o fruit_n thereof_o and_o what_o reason_n be_v it_o that_o when_o he_o which_o bear_v all_o the_o charge_n and_o hazard_n receive_v scarce_o five_o pound_n a_o year_n he_o shall_v allow_v thou_o ten_o but_o if_o thou_o take_v the_o bargain_n into_o thy_o hand_n the_o fruit_n that_o rise_v be_v of_o thy_o own_o and_o as_o thou_o bear_v the_o hazard_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o title_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o some_o common_a calamity_n so_o be_v it_o good_a reason_n thou_o shall_v have_v the_o profit_n thereof_o as_o for_o the_o other_o he_o sustainenth_fw-mi no_o disadvantage_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o may_v be_v assure_v of_o the_o land_n which_o he_o desire_v when_o he_o can_v procure_v the_o money_n and_o if_o he_o never_o procure_v the_o money_n it_o be_v no_o reason_n he_o shall_v ever_o have_v the_o land_n 5._o again_o whereas_o i_o say_v that_o money_n be_v lend_v be_v the_o borrower_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n and_o also_o of_o the_o hazard_n and_o therefore_o the_o profit_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o borrower_n and_o not_o to_o the_o lender_n who_o have_v transfer_v from_o himself_o both_o the_o property_n and_o the_o hazard_n for_o a_o time_n the_o usurer_n demand_v what_o reason_n be_v there_o say_v he_o that_o i_o shall_v lend_v my_o money_n and_o by_o lend_v make_v it_o another_o man_n without_o recompense_n i_o answer_v if_o you_o do_v but_o lend_v your_o money_n the_o borrower_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o loan_n to_o make_v you_o recompense_n by_o restore_v the_o principal_a in_o the_o full_a value_n thereof_o yea_o but_o why_o shall_v i_o make_v that_o which_o be_v my_o another_o man_n and_o transfer_v the_o dominion_n and_o property_n from_o myself_o to_o another_o if_o i_o may_v not_o require_v some_o gain_n therefore_o i_o answer_v because_o the_o lord_n himself_o have_v so_o straight_o command_v thou_o who_o be_v of_o ability_n to_o lend_v free_o to_o thy_o brother_n be_v in_o need_n 9_o as_o that_o if_o thou_o refuse_v to_o lend_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v sin_n unto_o thou_o and_o second_o because_o he_o have_v most_o straight_o forbid_v all_o lend_n for_o gain_n and_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o abomination_n which_o whosoever_o commit_v he_o shall_v not_o live_v but_o die_v a_o everlasting_a death_n and_o three_o because_o the_o patron_n of_o usury_n themselves_o do_v confess_v that_o for_o the_o duty_n or_o courtesy_n
it_o be_v already_o in_o part_n of_o all_o honestart_n and_o occupation_n for_o who_o will_v toil_n and_o moil_n who_o will_v cark_n and_o care_n who_o will_v bear_v the_o charge_n and_o hazard_v of_o other_o profession_n for_o a_o uncertain_a and_o it_o may_v be_v no_o gain_n who_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o the_o time_n which_o be_v the_o parent_n of_o usury_n as_o basil_n say_v will_v bring_v he_o in_o without_o his_o labour_n without_o his_o cost_n without_o his_o hazard_n a_o very_a great_a and_o certain_a gain_n for_o to_o omit_v the_o practice_n of_o those_o usurer_n that_o know_v how_o by_o a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o gain_v forty_o or_o fifty_o pound_n by_o the_o year_n who_o know_v not_o that_o money_n continual_o put_v forth_o to_o usury_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o do_v in_o seven_o year_n almost_o double_a the_o principal_a and_o in_o every_o seven_o year_n double_a the_o former_a sum_n so_o that_o 1000_o pound_n let_v out_o after_o this_o rate_n from_o three_o month_n to_o three_o month_n arise_v in_o seven_o year_n to_o almost_o 2000_o in_o 14_o year_n to_o 4000_o in_o 21_o year_n to_o 8000_o in_o 28_o to_o 16000_o in_o 35_o to_o 32000_o in_o 42_o to_o 64000_o in_o 49_o to_o 128000_o in_o 56_o to_o 256000_o pound_n in_o 63_o to_o 512000_o in_o 70_o year_n to_o more_o than_o a_o million_o and_o that_o be_v ten_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n who_o will_v not_o sell_v his_o land_n and_o good_n and_o all_o that_o he_o can_v spare_v to_o raise_v a_o stock_n of_o money_n that_o thereout_o he_o may_v by_o usury_n reap_v so_o great_a and_o so_o certain_a a_o gain_n if_o once_o in_o his_o conscience_n he_o be_v assure_v that_o usury_n be_v lawful_a yea_o husbandry_n itself_o from_o which_o through_o the_o blessing_n of_o god_n there_o do_v arise_v many_o time_n so_o great_a increase_n 2._o will_v be_v in_o small_a request_n alphius_n if_o usury_n may_v be_v esteem_v as_o lawful_a as_o it_o alphius_n the_o usurer_n in_o horace_n have_v recount_v all_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o country_n life_n and_o seem_v for_o the_o time_n to_o be_v ravish_v therewith_o ponere_fw-la resolve_v straightways_o to_o be_v a_o countryman_n and_o have_v to_o that_o end_n gather_v up_o his_o money_n in_o the_o ides_n of_o one_o month_n he_o seek_v to_o put_v it_o forth_o to_o usury_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o next_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o gentleman_n when_o they_o can_v scarce_o raise_v a_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n for_o their_o land_n without_o rack_a their_o rent_n be_v so_o ready_a to_o sell_v they_o and_o have_v put_v the_o price_n thereof_o to_o usury_n perhaps_o for_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n give_v over_o hospitality_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o private_a house_n in_o a_o city_n where_o they_o may_v live_v private_o at_o small_a charge_n as_o though_o they_o be_v bear_v for_o themselves_o alone_o hence_o also_o it_o be_v that_o tradesman_n have_v once_o get_v a_o good_a stock_n give_v over_o their_o trade_n and_o traffic_n and_o give_v themselves_o whole_o to_o usury_n and_o the_o rest_n who_o stock_n be_v not_o great_a do_v follow_v traffic_n but_o so_o as_o either_o they_o borrow_v money_n of_o the_o wealther_n upon_o usury_n to_o traffic_v withal_o or_o else_o take_v up_o their_o ware_n on_o trust_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n and_o sell_v they_o again_o for_o time_n at_o a_o high_a price_n to_o such_o as_o do_v retail_v and_o they_o last_o do_v utter_v they_o to_o particular_a man_n at_o a_o excessive_a rate_n and_o therefore_o hence_o proceed_v in_o part_n the_o deernesse_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o again_o there_o be_v such_o inequality_n in_o usury_n that_o many_o man_n be_v consume_v thereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o country_n where_o it_o be_v common_o practise_v come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o few_o now_o politician_n have_v observe_v 2._o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o dangerous_a for_o the_o conversion_n or_o eversion_n of_o kingdom_n than_o the_o great_a wealth_n of_o a_o few_o and_o the_o great_a want_n of_o the_o most_o and_o that_o be_v no_o way_n so_o much_o effect_v as_o by_o usury_n and_o therefore_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o few_o by_o the_o impoverish_n of_o many_o through_o usury_n have_v be_v as_o the_o history_n of_o all_o age_n do_v testify_v a_o usual_a occasion_n of_o raise_v sedition_n and_o civil_a contention_n in_o common_a weal_n when_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n have_v not_o contain_v man_n within_o their_o bound_n as_o it_o always_o aught_o to_o do_v â—ane_fw-la vetus_fw-la urbi_fw-la foenebre_fw-la malum_fw-la &_o seditionum_fw-la discordiarumque_fw-la creberrima_fw-la causa_fw-la usury_n say_v tacitus_n have_v be_v a_o old_a mischief_n to_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n 6._o and_o the_o most_o frequent_a cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a discord_n in_o all_o city_n 58._o say_v jerome_n it_o be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o sedition_n it_o be_v manifest_a appellat_fw-la say_v phil._n melancthon_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v in_o usury_n the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n where_o it_o be_v use_v be_v impoverish_v and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n sedition_n have_v often_o be_v raise_v in_o kingdom_n a_o spice_n whereof_o we_o may_v see_v nehem._n 5._o and_o yet_o these_o be_v not_o all_o the_o mischief_n which_o come_v to_o the_o common_a wealth_n by_o usury_n for_o over_o and_o beside_o all_o these_o it_o pull_v down_o the_o fearful_a judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o that_o country_n wherein_o it_o be_v public_o allow_v be_v usual_o and_o open_o practise_v as_o appear_v by_o that_o destruction_n threaten_v against_o jerusalem_n for_o this_o sin_n ezek._n 22._o 12_o 13._o thou_o have_v take_v usury_n and_o increase_n and_o have_v gain_v from_o thy_o neiâ—ghbour_n by_o deceit_n and_o have_v forget_v i_o say_v the_o lord_n god_n wherefore_o behold_v i_o clap_v my_o hand_n because_o of_o thy_o gain_n that_o be_v as_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o former_a chapter_n i_o will_v 17._o as_o it_o be_v by_o clap_v of_o hand_n set_v other_o nation_n upon_o thou_o to_o overcome_v thou_o etc._n etc._n wherefore_o wise_a man_n when_o they_o have_v consider_v not_o only_o the_o wrong_n which_o be_v do_v to_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o the_o manifold_a inconvenience_n and_o mischief_n which_o come_v to_o the_o common_a wealth_n by_o usury_n they_o have_v confident_o affirm_v that_o usurer_n be_v worse_o than_o other_o thief_n and_o that_o it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o thousand_o thief_n in_o it_o than_o a_o hundred_o usurer_n for_o the_o further_a proof_n whereof_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o write_n of_o that_o worthy_a bishop_n jewel_n upon_o 1._o thes._n 4._o 6._o chrysost._n yea_o some_o have_v not_o doubt_v to_o say_v that_o the_o usurer_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o common_a enemy_n to_o all_o man_n luther_n say_v a_o usurer_n be_v a_o bloodsucker_n of_o the_o people_n decalog_n &_o as_o a_o worm_n in_o a_o apple_n or_o nut_n consume_v all_o that_o be_v within_o so_o a_o usurer_n devour_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o city_n by_o wonderful_a and_o secret_a mean_n now_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v usury_n may_v seem_v profitable_a and_o necessary_a unto_o common_a wealth_n because_o the_o law_n of_o all_o common_a wealth_n have_v allow_v the_o practice_n thereof_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o seldom_o or_o never_o have_v the_o law_n of_o any_o country_n allow_v of_o usury_n but_o ever_o the_o lawgiver_n when_o they_o see_v any_o hope_n of_o abolish_n it_o altogether_o have_v whole_o condemn_v it_o or_o if_o the_o covetousness_n and_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o conceive_v any_o such_o hope_n they_o have_v labour_v to_o restrain_v it_o only_o and_o to_o keep_v it_o within_o some_o compass_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v over-burdensome_a either_o to_o the_o borrower_n or_o to_o the_o common_a wealth_n among_o other_o solon_n lycurgus_n and_o plato_n in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n have_v whole_o forbid_v it_o the_o ancient_a roman_n who_o be_v renown_v for_o wisdom_n and_o politic_a justice_n 6._o first_o stint_v usury_n at_o one_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n ordain_v that_o if_o any_o usurer_n shall_v take_v above_o one_o in_o the_o hundred_o rustica_fw-la he_o shall_v be_v punish_v fourfold_a whereas_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o same_o law_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v but_o twofold_a whereby_o you_o may_v gather_v say_v cato_n how_o much_o they_o esteem_v a_o usurer_n to_o be_v a_o worse_a commonwealth_n man_n than_o a_o thief_n within_o one_o hundred_o and_o three_o year_n after_o as_o bodin_n
and_o unlawful_a therefore_o i_o say_v with_o learned_a chemnicius_n angel_n that_o when_o man_n make_v question_n of_o moderate_a usury_n whether_o that_o be_v lawful_a or_o not_o they_o may_v as_o well_o make_v question_n whether_o moderate_a adultery_n or_o moderate_a lie_v or_o moderate_a theft_n be_v lawful_a for_o as_o adultery_n as_o lie_v as_o theft_n be_v thing_n in_o themselves_o simple_o evil_a and_o unlawful_a and_o therefore_o can_v well_o be_v do_v so_o be_v usury_n as_o i_o have_v prove_v it_o be_v a_o good_a say_n and_o a_o true_a of_o d._n wilson_n in_o his_o book_n of_o usury_n that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a in_o this_o vice_n more_o than_o be_v in_o murder_n theft_n or_o whoredom_n and_o as_o the_o steal_n of_o one_o penny_n be_v theft_n so_o be_v the_o least_o usury_n though_o it_o be_v but_o of_o a_o penny_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o second_o whereas_o they_o allow_v moderate_a usury_n take_v of_o the_o wealthy_a i_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o if_o god_n in_o his_o word_n have_v make_v this_o difference_n of_o usury_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o rich_a as_o he_o do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o israelite_n and_o the_o canaanite_n to_o the_o poor_a thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v upon_o usury_n but_o to_o the_o rich_a thou_o may_v their_o practice_n have_v be_v justifiable_a who_o require_v usury_n of_o the_o rich_a but_o the_o lord_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o scripture_n in_o general_a term_n absolute_o condemn_v all_o usury_n as_o i_o have_v show_v and_o therefore_o if_o because_o in_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n in_o one_o or_o two_o place_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o poor_a we_o may_v infer_v that_o therefore_o usury_n be_v lawful_a towards_o the_o rich_a by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o most_o notorious_a sin_n against_o the_o six_o and_o eight_o commandment_n may_v be_v justify_v if_o they_o be_v not_o commit_v against_o the_o poor_a and_o helpless_a because_o in_o the_o prohibition_n of_o those_o sin_n there_o be_v express_v mention_v make_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o poor_a the_o fatherless_a the_o widow_n the_o stranger_n and_o such_o other_o as_o be_v helpless_a and_o therefore_o when_o the_o holy_a ghost_n say_v prou._n 22._o 22_o rob_v not_o the_o poor_a because_o he_o be_v poor_a the_o robber_n may_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n justify_v his_o rob_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o last_o whereas_o they_o allow_v usury_n so_o it_o be_v not_o join_v with_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o borrower_n i_o answer_v that_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o may_v justify_v the_o officious_a lie_n which_o be_v utter_v to_o help_v and_o not_o to_o hurt_v the_o neighbour_n but_o charity_n as_o it_o rejoice_v in_o the_o truth_n so_o also_o in_o justice_n and_o as_o a_o lie_n so_o also_o usury_n be_v ever_o oppose_v to_o charity_n if_o not_o as_o a_o hurtful_a thing_n to_o our_o neighbour_n yet_o as_o a_o unjust_a thing_n in_o itself_o and_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o divinity_n 8._o that_o we_o may_v not_o do_v evil_a that_o good_a may_v come_v thereof_o and_o therefore_o usury_n though_o it_o be_v not_o hurtful_a yet_o be_v it_o unlawful_a but_o as_o it_o be_v unlawful_a in_o itself_o so_o be_v it_o ever_o hurtful_a if_o not_o to_o the_o borrower_n in_o particular_a as_o most_o common_o it_o be_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o calvin_n yet_o as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v to_o the_o common_a weal_n which_o be_v worse_o beside_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n there_o be_v a_o absolute_a covenant_n for_o gain_v and_o therefore_o no_o provision_n make_v for_o the_o borrower_n indemnity_n see_v by_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o usury_n the_o same_o gain_n be_v to_o be_v require_v out_o of_o the_o borrower_n loss_n as_o well_o as_o out_o of_o his_o gain_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o say_v usury_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v when_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o borrower_n shall_v not_o be_v hurt_v or_o damnify_v thereby_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o they_o have_v say_v that_o usury_n be_v then_o to_o be_v allow_v when_o it_o be_v no_o usury_n but_o let_v we_o consider_v their_o reason_n which_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n viz._n proof_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n with_o other_o argument_n and_o testimony_n their_o proof_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n be_v these_o first_o the_o example_n of_o joseph_n ge._n 47._o which_o i_o have_v heretofore_o show_v to_o have_v none_o affinity_n with_o usury_n second_o out_o of_o deut._n 15._o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o the_o author_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a english_a treatise_n will_v prove_v that_o in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o freedom_n the_o rich_a debtor_n be_v by_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o lord_n himself_o to_o pay_v his_o debt_n with_o the_o usury_n thereof_o though_o the_o poor_a be_v exempt_v from_o payment_n of_o debt_n that_o year_n for_o so_o it_o be_v say_v vers_fw-la 4._o save_o when_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o poor_a with_o thou_o as_o if_o the_o lord_n bid_v say_v say_v he_o provide_v always_o that_o thy_o rich_a debtor_n shall_v have_v no_o such_o privilege_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o be_v this_o prove_v forsooth_o because_o the_o word_n masshah_n which_o as_o he_o say_v signify_v usury_n and_o the_o verb_n nashah_n which_o signify_v to_o lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v there_o use_v but_o i_o answer_v that_o masshah_n in_o no_o place_n of_o scripture_n signify_v usury_n and_o in_o that_o place_n signify_v a_o debt_n which_o the_o creditor_n dare_v with_o purpose_n to_o exact_v again_o but_o there_o the_o lord_n take_v order_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v exact_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n and_o nashah_n in_o this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o text_n itself_o and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o writer_n signify_v only_o to_o lend_v with_o purpose_n to_o exact_v again_o that_o which_o be_v lend_v for_o otherwise_o the_o lord_n shall_v allow_v the_o lend_n upon_o usury_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o exact_v of_o it_o also_o so_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o seven_o year_n but_o that_o author_n absolute_o condemn_v all_o usury_n towards_o the_o poor_a yea_o he_o affirm_v though_o without_o reason_n that_o the_o exact_v of_o the_o principal_a alone_o from_o the_o poor_a be_v usury_n but_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o these_o word_n i_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v before_o as_o for_o the_o proviso_n which_o as_o he_o say_v follow_v vers_fw-la 4_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o reason_n follow_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o exception_n of_o the_o rich_a calu._n for_o the_o lord_n shall_v bless_v thou_o &c_n &c_n for_o the_o word_n as_o junius_n read_v and_o calvin_n expound_v they_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v red_a only_o because_o thy_o brother_n ought_v not_o by_o thy_o mean_n to_o become_v poor_a or_o be_v impoverish_v and_o therefore_o be_v a_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n of_o remission_n for_o see_v in_o that_o year_n of_o sabbath_n the_o ground_n be_v to_o rest_n and_o man_n have_v not_o the_o mean_n of_o raise_v profit_n whereby_o to_o pay_v their_o debt_n as_o in_o other_o year_n therefore_o if_o the_o creditor_n shall_v that_o year_n have_v exact_v their_o debt_n they_o will_v have_v bring_v many_o to_o beggary_n for_o the_o prevention_n whereof_o the_o lord_n say_v he_o institute_v this_o law_n concern_v the_o remission_n of_o debt_n in_o that_o year_n of_o freedom_n and_o that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v not_o allege_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v unable_a to_o forbear_v their_o money_n so_o long_o the_o lord_n add_v another_o reason_n be_v a_o promise_n that_o if_o they_o keep_v that_o &_o other_o his_o commandment_n he_o will_v bless_v they_o in_o the_o land_n 6._o and_o so_o bless_v they_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o lend_v to_o many_o nation_n and_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o borrow_v of_o they_o so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n this_o be_v not_o a_o exceprion_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o the_o word_n masshah_n not_o signify_v usury_n there_o be_v no_o show_n of_o reason_n in_o this_o allegation_n three_o no_o more_o be_v there_o in_o the_o next_o out_o of_o pro._n 22._o 16_o which_o notwithstanding_o the_o same_o author_n commend_v as_o a_o notable_a place_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o rich_a aught_o to_o give_v interest_n or_o increase_n he_o that_o oppress_v the_o poor_a say_v solomon_n to_o increase_v himself_o and_o give_v to_o the_o rich_a shall_v sure_o come_v to_o poverty_n whence_o he_o infer_v these_o consequence_n first_o that_o it_o be_v as_o great_a a_o fault_n to_o give_v or_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o rich_a as_o to_o oppress_v the_o poor_a by_o take_v usury_n of_o they_o because_o the_o same_o punishment_n viz._n poverty_n be_v award_v to_o both_o and_o second_o from_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o be_v as_o
but_o that_o they_o may_v with_o good_a conscience_n desire_v in_o their_o necessity_n to_o borrow_v free_o only_a man_n must_v beware_v how_o they_o fall_v into_o this_o necessity_n as_o for_o they_o which_o borrow_v for_o gain_v you_o may_v consider_v their_o deal_n in_o the_o time_n either_o of_o the_o borrow_n or_o of_o the_o payment_n in_o the_o time_n of_o borrow_v he_o do_v not_o therefore_o sin_n against_o charity_n if_o he_o will_v not_o out_o of_o his_o uncertain_a traffic_n promise_v certain_a gain_n to_o the_o lender_n who_o will_v bear_v no_o hazard_n with_o he_o indeed_o if_o the_o lender_n will_v be_v content_a to_o bear_v part_n of_o the_o loss_n the_o borrower_n ought_v to_o yield_v he_o part_v of_o the_o gain_n at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o be_v thankful_a to_o the_o creditor_n if_o he_o have_v gain_v and_o willing_o to_o afford_v he_o some_o part_n of_o that_o gain_n wherewith_o it_o have_v please_v god_n by_o the_o creditor_n mean_n to_o bless_v he_o especial_o if_o the_o creditor_n can_v not_o well_o forbear_v his_o money_n as_o touch_v the_o latter_a point_n that_o usury_n offend_v not_o against_o public_a charity_n they_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v by_o these_o two_o reason_n because_o it_o be_v both_o profitable_a and_o necessary_a to_o common_a weal_n it_o be_v profitable_a for_o if_o the_o creditor_n have_v no_o skill_n in_o any_o trade_n or_o traffic_n and_o the_o borrower_n have_v skill_n want_v a_o stock_n not_o only_o both_o they_o shall_v be_v gainer_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n also_o shall_v receive_v good_a by_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o one_o man_n stock_n and_o of_o the_o other_o skill_n whereas_o contrariwise_o the_o common_a wealth_n shall_v sustain_v loss_n if_o neither_o the_o creditor_n money_n be_v occupy_v nor_o the_o borrower_n skill_n employ_v i_o answer_v there_o be_v other_o lawful_a mean_n whereby_o man_n money_n may_v better_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o common_a weal_n than_o by_o usury_n for_o when_o the_o borrower_n do_v gain_v by_o that_o which_o they_o have_v take_v up_o on_o usury_n the_o common_a wealth_n common_o pay_v the_o usury_n as_o have_v be_v show_v but_o why_o will_v not_o thou_o employ_v thy_o money_n thyself_o in_o some_o honest_a contract_n be_v it_o because_o thou_o will_v take_v no_o pain_n nor_o bear_v any_o adventure_n but_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o provide_v for_o great_a and_o certain_a gain_n with_o ease_n then_o be_v thou_o a_o unprofitable_a member_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n live_v of_o the_o sweat_n of_o other_o man_n brow_n etc._n etc._n or_o have_v thou_o any_o lawful_a reason_n either_o because_o of_o thy_o call_n age_n or_o condition_n that_o thou_o can_v not_o indeed_o employ_v thy_o money_n thyself_o then_o may_v thou_o buy_v either_o land_n or_o rent_n after_o that_o manner_n which_o before_o have_v be_v show_v or_o else_o thou_o may_v deal_v by_o partnership_n but_o you_o must_v remember_v there_o be_v no_o partnership_n without_o partake_v in_o the_o loss_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o gain_n that_o usury_n be_v necessary_a they_o prove_v because_o as_o the_o world_n now_o go_v and_o as_o man_n manner_n now_o be_v no_o common_a weal_n can_v stand_v without_o it_o answer_n if_o that_o be_v true_a than_o usury_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o necessary_a evil_n and_o this_o necessity_n argue_v not_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o usury_n but_o the_o wretched_a estate_n of_o the_o world_n which_o as_o john_n say_v lie_v in_o evil_a 19_o for_o to_o say_v absolute_o that_o commonweal_n can_v stand_v without_o usury_n be_v derogatory_n to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v usury_n in_o that_o commonweal_n which_o he_o ordain_v as_o have_v before_o be_v show_v but_o whence_o arise_v this_o necessity_n the_o necessity_n of_o borrow_v &_o so_o of_o lend_v arise_v from_o man_n want_n and_o hardly_o can_v humane_a society_n stand_v without_o that_o contract_n but_o the_o necessity_n of_o usury_n arise_v of_o man_n covetousness_n and_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n for_o although_o there_o may_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n when_o man_n that_o must_v needs_o borrow_v can_v borrow_v free_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o other_o necessity_n why_o man_n shall_v lend_v upon_o usury_n but_o that_o which_o their_o own_o covetousness_n when_o they_o have_v once_o say_v they_o will_v be_v rich_a have_v impose_v upon_o they_o 9_o for_o unless_o thy_o neighbour_n have_v need_n to_o borrow_v there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o lend_v at_o all_o impose_v upon_o thou_o but_o if_o thy_o neighbour_n have_v great_a need_n to_o borrow_v and_o thou_o be_v well_o able_a to_o forbear_v the_o lord_n have_v lay_v a_o necessity_n of_o duty_n upon_o thou_o to_o lend_v free_o which_o without_o sin_n thou_o can_v not_o avoid_v or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o thou_o shall_v employ_v thy_o stock_n to_o gain_v there_o be_v other_o lawful_a contract_n to_o that_o purpose_n so_o that_o thou_o shall_v not_o need_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o idleness_n and_o distrust_n to_o deal_v by_o usury_n now_o if_o a_o pretend_a necessity_n arise_v from_o the_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n and_o settle_a resolution_n to_o go_v on_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n contrary_a to_o the_o commandment_n of_o god_n be_v of_o sufficient_a force_n to_o justify_v usury_n then_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n may_v any_o other_o sin_n be_v justify_v object_n 4._o it_o belong_v to_o magistrate_n to_o determine_v of_o civil_a contract_n and_o therefore_o usury_n be_v so_o far_o forth_o lawful_a as_o they_o by_o their_o law_n allow_v it_o answer_n the_o rule_n of_o our_o conscience_n be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o man_n but_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o inferior_a can_v dispense_v with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o superior_a if_o therefore_o the_o law_n of_o god_n condemn_v all_o usury_n no_o law_n of_o man_n can_v make_v any_o usury_n lawful_a again_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o allow_v and_o permit_v no_o good_a law_n allow_v usury_n as_o good_a though_o some_o permit_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n evil_a for_o avoid_v of_o great_a evil_n magistrate_n be_v fain_o sometime_o to_o permit_v and_o tollerat_v that_o which_o they_o be_v not_o able_a altogether_o to_o amend_v moses_n for_o the_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n permit_v the_o husband_n to_o put_v away_o their_o wife_n so_o that_o they_o do_v give_v they_o a_o bill_n of_o divorcement_n wherein_o their_o wife_n innocence_n shall_v be_v clear_v not_o that_o he_o allow_v thereof_o but_o that_o he_o will_v provide_v for_o the_o wife_n safety_n deliver_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n or_o tyranny_n of_o their_o husband_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o permission_n whosoever_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n have_v not_o break_v the_o bond_n of_o wedlock_n by_o commit_v adultery_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n himself_o commit_v adultery_n 19_o so_o the_o magistrate_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o covetousness_n and_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n be_v force_v to_o tollerat_a usury_n so_o it_o be_v keep_v within_o such_o bond_n as_o they_o prescribe_v not_o that_o they_o allow_v thereof_o but_o that_o they_o may_v provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o those_o who_o have_v need_v to_o borrow_v both_o that_o they_o may_v borrow_v and_o also_o that_o borrow_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v too_o much_o oppress_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o legal_a toleration_n he_o that_o dare_v for_o gain_n be_v a_o usurer_n &_o a_o thief_n before_o god_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judicial_a permission_n of_o moses_n in_o the_o case_n of_o divorcement_n so_o the_o civil_a permission_n of_o magistrate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o usury_n do_v not_o serve_v to_o clear_v a_o man_n from_o the_o guilt_n of_o sin_n before_o god_n but_o only_o to_o exempt_v the_o party_n from_o civil_a punishment_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v true_o say_v that_o our_o law_n do_v so_o much_o as_o permit_v any_o usury_n except_v in_o the_o case_n of_o orphan_n wherefore_o this_o argument_n may_v also_o be_v retort_v upon_o our_o patron_n of_o usury_n for_o see_v as_o they_o say_v magistrate_n have_v authority_n by_o their_o law_n to_o determine_v of_o civil_a contract_n and_o see_v our_o law_n determine_v of_o all_o usury_n as_o of_o a_o sin_n allow_v none_o at_o all_o as_o good_a but_o punish_v it_o as_o evil_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o permit_v any_o except_o in_o the_o case_n of_o orphan_n hereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v infer_v that_o no_o usury_n among_o we_o can_v be_v practise_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n object_n 5._o if_o let_v be_v lawful_a than_o usury_n also_o be_v lawful_a for_o usury_n be_v let_v of_o money_n but_o let_v be_v lawful_a
therefore_o usury_n answer_n to_o the_o prosyllogisme_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o proposition_n i_o have_v before_o sufficient_o show_v that_o usury_n can_v be_v commit_v but_o in_o thing_n which_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v and_o therefore_o as_o they_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o usury_n they_o be_v not_o lettable_a and_o as_o for_o the_o proposition_n itself_o you_o have_v hear_v that_o although_o let_v in_o itself_o be_v a_o lawful_a contract_n yet_o usury_n in_o itself_o be_v simple_o and_o utter_o unlawful_a but_o why_o may_v not_o money_n be_v let_v as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n because_o none_o of_o those_o respect_n be_v incident_a unto_o money_n for_o which_o hire_n be_v lawful_o require_v for_o first_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v let_v have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o which_o a_o man_n may_v let_v and_o alienat_fw-la for_o a_o time_n reserve_v the_o property_n to_o himself_o but_o money_n and_o those_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o usury_n which_o consist_v in_o quantity_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n have_v no_o fruitful_a use_n which_o either_o may_v be_v sever_v from_o the_o property_n or_o value_v apart_o as_o though_o it_o may_v be_v let_v or_o alienate_v the_o property_n reserve_v second_o the_o party_n which_o hire_v thing_n that_o be_v let_v after_o he_o have_v according_a to_o the_o contract_n of_o hire_v enjoy_v the_o use_n thereof_o he_o restore_v the_o self_n same_o particular_a which_o he_o take_v to_o hire_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n impair_v in_o the_o use_n the_o party_n which_o borrow_v money_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o consist_v in_o quantity_n after_o he_o have_v spend_v the_o same_o be_v not_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o particular_a which_o he_o have_v spend_v impair_v in_o the_o use_n but_o the_o full_a value_n of_o the_o principal_a with_o better_a rather_o than_o worse_a three_o he_o that_o let_v any_o thing_n to_o hire_v as_o he_o retain_v the_o property_n so_o he_o bear_v the_o hazard_n thereof_o but_o it_o be_v concontrarie_a in_o usury_n for_o the_o money_n be_v once_o lend_v the_o property_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o borrower_n and_o with_o the_o property_n the_o hazard_n to_o omit_v the_o cost_n and_o charge_n which_o the_o letter_n to_o hire_v many_o time_n be_v at_o with_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o let_v whereas_o the_o usurer_n be_v at_o no_o cost_n at_o all_o there_o be_v these_o four_o consideration_n why_o let_v be_v lawful_a and_o usury_n unlawful_a the_o patron_n of_o usury_n take_v exception_n against_o the_o first_o neglect_v the_o rest_n for_o say_v some_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o they_o it_o be_v but_o a_o ignorant_a objection_n which_o be_v make_v out_o of_o aristotle_n that_o usury_n be_v a_o gain_n contrary_a to_o nature_n because_o money_n beget_v not_o money_n see_v the_o scripture_n condemn_v the_o increase_n of_o meat_n as_o of_o money_n answer_n be_v it_o so_o for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n of_o money_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n let_v the_o reader_n therefore_o judge_v whether_o chrysostome_n and_o ambrose_n which_o make_v this_o objection_n out_o of_o aristotle_n or_o he_o which_o use_v this_o reason_n be_v more_o ignorant_a for_o it_o be_v as_o monstrous_a to_o require_v gain_n for_o the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o meat_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n beside_o the_o price_n of_o the_o meat_n itself_o as_o to_o require_v a_o gain_n for_o the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o money_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n beside_o the_o full_a restitution_n of_o the_o principal_a yea_o but_o money_n though_o it_o be_v not_o fruitful_a in_o be_v self_n yet_o by_o negotiation_n it_o bring_v forth_o great_a increase_v they_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v let_v answer_n the_o gain_n which_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o any_o thing_n which_o have_v not_o a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o itself_o but_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n be_v not_o the_o fruit_n of_o that_o thing_n but_o of_o his_o skill_n and_o industry_n which_o do_v employ_v it_o no_o more_o have_v other_o thing_n say_v they_o no_o not_o the_o earth_n itself_o without_o the_o labour_n and_o industry_n of_o he_o that_o use_v the_o same_o answer_n we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o fructum_fw-la and_o questum_fw-la fruitful_a use_n and_o gain_v the_o fruit_n or_o fruitful_a use_n arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la cuiâ—sque_fw-la rei_fw-la corpore_fw-la and_o such_o be_v the_o fruit_n or_o fruitful_a use_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v let_v as_o of_o cattle_n their_o young_a one_o their_o milk_n their_o wool_n their_o labour_n in_o draw_v and_o carriage_n of_o the_o earth_n both_o that_o which_o grow_v within_o it_o as_o metal_n and_o mineral_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o that_o which_o grow_v upon_o it_o as_o herb_n and_o tree_n and_o their_o fruit_n likewise_o of_o artificial_a thing_n as_o of_o house_n the_o commodity_n of_o dwell_v of_o ship_n the_o commodity_n of_o sail_v etc._n etc._n questuâ—_n or_o gain_v be_v that_o which_o arise_v not_o out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o be_v get_v by_o negotiation_n or_o make_v of_o contract_n as_o buy_v and_o sell_v etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o those_o which_o have_v skill_n and_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n and_o charge_n may_v raise_v a_o gain_n not_o only_o out_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n of_o themselves_o as_o those_o which_o buy_v such_o commodity_n to_o sell_v they_o again_o usual_o do_v as_o horse-courser_n drover_n and_o other_o trade_n man_n but_o also_o out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n which_o as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v non_fw-la corpore_fw-la sed_fw-la quantitate_fw-la constant_a as_o victualler_n money_n changer_n salter_n vintner_n and_o such_o as_o buy_v these_o kind_n of_o commodity_n to_o sell_v they_o again_o usual_o do_v now_o if_o thing_n which_o have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o can_v be_v let_v in_o respect_n of_o any_o gain_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o they_o much_o less_o may_v those_o thing_n which_o in_o themselves_o be_v not_o lettable_a because_o they_o have_v no_o fruitful_a use_n neither_o be_v to_o return_v in_o the_o same_o particular_a be_v let_v in_o respect_n of_o any_o gain_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o they_o in_o negotiation_n if_o you_o say_v that_o although_o thing_n can_v be_v let_v to_o this_o use_n because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o return_v in_o the_o same_o particular_a yet_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v to_o this_o use_n and_o in_o respect_n thereof_o may_v be_v sell_v the_o dear_a i_o answer_v that_o all_o commodity_n be_v and_o indeed_o aught_o to_o be_v sell_v cheap_a to_o such_o as_o buy_v to_o fell_v they_o again_o than_o to_o other_o who_o buy_v for_o their_o own_o use_n otherwise_o they_o which_o deal_v by_o retail_v which_o be_v a_o necessary_a trade_n shall_v either_o themselves_o be_v continual_a loser_n or_o be_v force_v to_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n only_o the_o usurer_n who_o ought_v to_o lend_v free_o to_o those_o which_o be_v in_o need_n do_v think_v they_o may_v put_v forth_o their_o money_n and_o commodity_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n to_o those_o which_o mean_v to_o employ_v they_o unto_o gain_n whereby_o such_o person_n become_v either_o banquerup_n if_o their_o gain_n be_v not_o great_a or_o oppressor_n of_o the_o common_a weal_n if_o it_o be_v but_o suppose_v that_o money_n have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o yet_o to_o who_o ought_v the_o profit_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o use_n thereof_o appertain_v sure_o to_o he_o who_o have_v the_o property_n of_o the_o money_n do_v also_o bear_v the_o hazard_n sustain_v the_o charge_n take_v the_o pain_n use_v his_o skill_n in_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o borrower_n to_o who_o the_o loss_n also_o if_o there_o be_v any_o whole_o appertain_v if_o you_o say_v that_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o landlord_n ought_v not_o to_o receive_v any_o rent_n for_o the_o ground_n which_o he_o let_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o the_o land_n have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o itself_o answerable_a to_o the_o rent_n both_o without_o man_n help_n as_o in_o meadow_n pasture_n wood_n and_o mine_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o with_o as_o in_o arable_a ground_n wherein_o the_o rent_n be_v proportionated_a according_a to_o the_o fruitfulness_n thereof_o second_o that_o the_o property_n of_o the_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o landlord_n and_o therefore_o the_o profit_n belong_v partly_o to_o he_o
may_v thou_o use_v that_o ridiculous_a proverb_n which_o plutarch_n mention_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o bear_v a_o goat_n lay_v on_o i_o a_o ox_n the_o five_o and_o last_o thing_n wherein_o borrower_n upon_o ususurie_n do_v sometime_o offend_v be_v when_o the_o necessity_n whereupon_o they_o do_v borrow_v be_v not_o a_o blameless_a necessity_n but_o draw_v upon_o themselves_o through_o their_o own_o default_n as_o by_o riot_n or_o any_o excess_n or_o through_o negligence_n or_o improvidence_n for_o although_o their_o borrow_n upon_o such_o a_o necessity_n may_v be_v excuse_v if_o they_o do_v not_o induce_v the_o lender_n to_o commit_v usury_n etc._n etc._n yet_o they_o can_v be_v excuse_v for_o cast_v themselves_o into_o that_o necessity_n their_o assertion_n therefore_o which_o hold_v all_o borrow_n upon_o usury_n to_o be_v lawful_a be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v retain_v see_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o borrower_n may_v and_o often_o do_v offend_v so_o many_o way_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v hope_v that_o usurer_n will_v make_v conscience_n of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n until_o man_n have_v learned_a to_o make_v conscience_n of_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n now_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o contrary_a assertion_n which_o affirm_v general_o all_o borrow_n upon_o usury_n to_o be_v unlawful_a for_o although_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o i_o never_o read_v any_o author_n either_o papist_n or_o protestant_n new_a or_o old_a that_o maintain_v this_o assertion_n yet_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v the_o private_a assertion_n of_o some_o well_o dispose_v person_n who_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v love_v and_o reverence_v and_o who_o argument_n be_v worth_a the_o scan_n i_o will_v therefore_o somewhat_o insist_v upon_o this_o point_n but_o first_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v that_o i_o do_v not_o justify_v borrower_n upon_o usury_n unless_o themselves_o and_o their_o borrow_n be_v qualify_v according_a to_o those_o five_o point_n which_o before_o i_o recite_v for_o although_o the_o borrower_n be_v to_o be_v condemn_v which_o fail_v in_o any_o one_o of_o those_o five_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v approve_v or_o excuse_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o concurrency_n of_o they_o all_o namely_o unless_o he_o borrow_v first_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n and_o not_o otherwise_o second_o for_o good_a and_o lawful_a purpose_n three_o without_o induce_v the_o lender_n unto_o the_o sin_n of_o usury_n four_a have_v future_a mean_n to_o repair_v the_o loss_n which_o by_o usury_n he_o sustain_v and_o that_o without_o endamage_v or_o wrong_v other_o fifthly_o his_o necessity_n whereon_o he_o borrow_v be_v not_o draw_v upon_o himself_o by_o his_o own_o fault_n but_o be_v a_o blameless_a necessity_n which_o five_o point_n i_o add_v as_o require_v to_o the_o justify_v not_o of_o the_o act_n of_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n but_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o borrower_n for_o the_o act_n of_o borrow_v without_o it_o may_v be_v excuse_v so_o the_o other_o four_o do_v concur_v therein_o but_o the_o person_n of_o the_o borrower_n can_v be_v clear_v who_o by_o his_o default_n have_v pull_v upon_o himself_o that_o necessity_n that_o therefore_o show_v that_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o borrow_v on_o usury_n in_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n yet_o man_n must_v take_v heed_n that_o they_o do_v not_o through_o their_o own_o default_n cast_v themselves_o into_o this_o necessity_n but_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o argument_n which_o may_v be_v object_v against_o this_o truth_n by_o answer_n whereunto_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o there_o be_v no_o scripture_n nor_o sound_a reason_n against_o it_o but_o scripture_n and_o reason_n for_o it_o first_o therefore_o it_o may_v be_v object_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o can_v be_v do_v in_o faith_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n answer_n many_o thing_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o be_v not_o express_o mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n as_o very_o many_o other_o particular_n beside_o this_o in_o question_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v all_o be_v prove_v lawful_a by_o just_a and_o necessary_a consequence_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n as_o for_o example_n where_o the_o general_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v no_o sin_n there_o also_o the_o special_n which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o same_o be_v warrant_v thus_o therefore_o i_o argue_v to_o be_v oppress_v be_v acknowledge_v in_o the_o scripture_n to_o be_v no_o sin_n to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n in_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n with_o such_o caution_n as_o before_o i_o specify_v be_v to_o be_v oppress_v therefore_o to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n in_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n be_v acknowlede_v in_o the_o scripture_n to_o be_v sin_n the_o proposition_n i_o prove_v because_o the_o scripture_n promise_v mercy_n to_o they_o that_o be_v oppress_v whether_o by_o usury_n or_o take_v of_o pawn_n or_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n as_o exod._n 22._o 23._o 27._o to_o be_v oppress_v therefore_o be_v a_o thing_n not_o reprove_v of_o god_n but_o pity_v if_o you_o shall_v reply_v that_o the_o proposition_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o who_o be_v oppress_v wrongful_o and_o against_o their_o will_n which_o can_v be_v verify_v of_o those_o which_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n i_o answer_v that_o whosoever_o be_v oppress_v be_v wrongful_o oppress_v and_o against_o his_o will_n for_o there_o be_v no_o oppression_n but_o it_o be_v wrongful_a neither_o can_v a_o man_n be_v oppress_v but_o against_o his_o will_n for_o volâ—nti_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a iniuria_fw-la he_o that_o be_v willing_a be_v not_o oppress_v the_o proposition_n therefore_o be_v general_o true_a it_o may_v be_v therefore_o that_o you_o will_v allege_v against_o the_o assumption_n that_o he_o which_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n be_v not_o oppress_v because_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n yea_o and_o so_o willing_a that_o he_o seek_v to_o the_o usurer_n and_o intreat_v he_o to_o lend_v offer_v to_o give_v he_o consideration_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v to_o say_v usury_n i_o answer_v he_o that_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n in_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n with_o such_o caution_n as_o before_o have_v be_v specify_v do_v yield_v to_o usury_n against_o his_o will_n yea_o although_o he_o both_o offer_n and_o promise_v it_o for_o in_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n man_n seem_v many_o time_n willing_a to_o that_o which_o be_v indeed_o against_o their_o will_n when_o a_o man_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o shipwreck_n as_o before_o i_o have_v show_v how_o will_v he_o bestir_v himself_o to_o unlade_v and_o lighten_v the_o ship_n and_o with_o such_o earnestness_n cast_v his_o good_n into_o the_o sea_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v very_o willing_a to_o be_v rid_v of_o they_o and_o yet_o the_o thing_n which_o he_o will_v be_v not_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o his_o good_n but_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o life_n to_o cast_v away_o his_o good_n he_o be_v simple_o unwilling_a and_o yet_o against_o his_o will_n upon_o a_o conditional_a necessity_n he_o seem_v willing_a to_o do_v it_o or_o to_o come_v near_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n a_o needy_a man_n desirous_a to_o borrow_v which_o without_o give_v security_n he_o can_v obtain_v bring_v forth_o a_o pawn_n to_o the_o creditor_n who_o by_o the_o law_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o borrower_n house_n to_o take_v it_o but_o such_o a_o pawn_n as_o indeed_o he_o can_v spare_v 10._o but_o his_o necessity_n be_v such_o that_o he_o offer_v it_o and_o bring_v it_o forth_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o creditor_n to_o be_v keep_v as_o a_o pawn_n until_o he_o restore_v the_o money_n borrow_v notwithstanding_o the_o creditor_n if_o he_o receive_v this_o pawn_n and_o keep_v it_o he_o oppress_v the_o borrower_n 27._o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v oppress_v 13._o for_o indeed_o he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o give_v that_o pawn_n which_o he_o can_v not_o spare_v 12._o but_o his_o necessity_n for_o the_o avoid_v of_o a_o great_a mischief_n make_v he_o seem_v willing_a to_o that_o whereunto_o he_o be_v simple_o unwilling_a in_o like_a case_n a_o man_n compel_v by_o urgent_a necessity_n to_o borrow_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o borrow_v free_o offer_v to_o his_o creditor_n who_o otherwise_o will_v not_o lend_v consideration_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o this_o creditor_n if_o he_o shall_v lend_v upon_o this_o covenant_n or_o require_v this_o consideration_n he_o oppress_v the_o borrower_n and_o the_o borrower_n be_v oppress_v for_o this_o borrower_n be_v no_o more_o willing_a to_o pay_v usury_n than_o the_o other_o be_v to_o give_v his_o pawn_n but_o his_o necessity_n for_o
avoid_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n make_v he_o seem_v willing_a to_o that_o whereunto_o simple_o he_o be_v unwilling_a the_o assumption_n therefore_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o this_o unanswerable_a argument_n he_o that_o dare_v upon_o usury_n to_o he_o that_o borrow_v for_o urgent_a necessity_n oppress_v the_o borrower_n therefore_o he_o which_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n for_o urgent_a necessity_n be_v oppress_v and_o that_o as_o i_o have_v show_v both_o wrongful_o and_o against_o his_o will_n again_o the_o like_a case_n be_v warrant_v in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o by_o the_o law_n and_o light_n of_o nature_n for_o why_o may_v i_o not_o give_v usury_n or_o promise_v to_o give_v it_o in_o my_o necessity_n you_o will_v say_v because_o the_o lender_n can_v take_v it_o without_o commit_v a_o sin_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v forbid_v under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n if_o then_o i_o show_v that_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n one_o man_n may_v offer_v that_o to_o another_o which_o the_o other_o without_o commit_v a_o damnable_a sin_n can_v receive_v then_o be_v this_o question_n prove_v by_o a_o argument_n of_o equal_n suppose_v then_o a_o man_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o robber_n and_o murderer_n to_o who_o he_o promise_v for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o his_o life_n to_o give_v they_o not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v about_o he_o but_o also_o such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n beside_o as_o the_o ten_o man_n mention_v jer._n 41._o 8_o offer_v to_o ishmael_n and_o the_o cutthroat_n that_o be_v with_o he_o such_o treasure_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o field_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o life_n or_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v in_o sickness_n or_o hunger_n to_o offer_v ten_o time_n the_o value_n of_o the_o meat_n or_o medicine_n which_o he_o need_v to_o a_o greedy_a cormorant_n that_o will_v take_v no_o less_o for_o the_o same_o if_o you_o say_v these_o case_n of_o necessity_n concern_v a_o man_n life_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v give_v all_o that_o he_o have_v to_o save_v his_o life_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o but_o yet_o a_o man_n may_v not_o sin_n to_o save_v his_o life_n may_v i_o not_o sin_n to_o save_v my_o life_n and_o may_v i_o give_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o my_o life_n that_o to_o another_o which_o he_o can_v receive_v without_o a_o more_o heinous_a sin_n than_o the_o sin_n of_o usury_n as_o in_o these_o case_n even_o now_o specify_v then_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n a_o man_n may_v lawful_o offer_v and_o give_v that_o to_o another_o which_o the_o other_o can_v receive_v without_o commit_v of_o such_o a_o sin_n as_o the_o lord_n have_v forbid_v under_o pain_n of_o damnation_n and_o this_o be_v true_a not_o only_o in_o those_o case_n that_o so_o near_o touch_v a_o man_n life_n but_o in_o all_o other_o case_n of_o necessity_n a_o poor_a man_n have_v need_n to_o borrow_v and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o borrow_v without_o give_v such_o a_o pawn_n as_o he_o can_v spare_v be_v by_o his_o necessity_n compel_v to_o deliver_v that_o pawn_n 27._o which_o the_o lender_n can_v receive_v and_o keep_v without_o commit_v a_o damnable_a sin_n 22._o and_o that_o he_o may_v lawful_o give_v such_o a_o pawn_n 12._o when_o his_o necessity_n be_v such_o as_o that_o he_o may_v much_o better_a want_n that_o pawn_n than_o be_v without_o that_o which_o he_o will_v borrow_v there_o be_v no_o question_n for_o the_o child_n of_o god_n and_o such_o as_o be_v note_v to_o have_v fear_v god_n when_o other_o pawn_n have_v fail_v have_v be_v fain_o to_o bind_v over_o their_o son_n and_o daughter_n to_o their_o creditor_n 1._o if_o my_o house_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o fall_v present_o without_o the_o carpenter_n help_v 5._o my_o cattle_n be_v disease_v or_o hurt_v in_o danger_n to_o miscarry_v without_o present_a cure_n my_o corn_n or_o hay_n lie_v abroad_o in_o danger_n to_o be_v spoil_v unless_o present_o it_o be_v in_v or_o if_o any_o such_o other_o casualty_n happen_v wherein_o there_o be_v necessity_n of_o present_a help_n be_v it_o not_o lawful_a for_o i_o to_o give_v yea_o to_o offer_n and_o promise_v to_o such_o unconscionable_a man_n as_o take_v advantage_n at_o my_o necessity_n will_v not_o otherwise_o help_v i_o six_o or_o seven_o time_n the_o value_n of_o that_o which_o in_o equity_n be_v due_a unto_o they_o and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o do_v sin_n worse_o than_o the_o usurer_n i_o will_v add_v only_o one_o other_o instance_n which_o will_v make_v this_o matter_n evident_a suppose_v i_o want_v food_n or_o apparel_n or_o any_o other_o necessary_n for_o myself_o or_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o i_o and_o that_o also_o i_o want_v present_a money_n to_o buy_v that_o i_o need_v and_o present_a mean_n whereby_o to_o make_v ready_a money_n i_o be_o force_v therefore_o to_o take_v it_o up_o on_o trust_n for_o three_o or_o six_o month_n according_a as_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v payment_n the_o party_n which_o sell_v these_o commodity_n because_o he_o be_v to_o give_v day_n of_o payment_n he_o will_v not_o let_v i_o have_v that_o under_o eleven_o shilling_n which_o he_o will_v sell_v for_o ten_o shilling_n of_o present_a money_n well_o my_o necessity_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v rather_o give_v twelve_o shilling_n perhaps_o twenty_o shilling_n than_o not_o buy_v that_o which_o i_o come_v for_o may_v i_o in_o this_o case_n of_o necessity_n lawful_o promise_v to_o pay_v at_o the_o end_n of_o six_o month_n eleven_o shilling_n for_o that_o which_o of_o present_a money_n be_v worth_a but_o ten_o shilling_n as_o i_o think_v no_o man_n can_v true_o deny_v and_o may_v i_o not_o as_o lawful_o in_o a_o case_n of_o no_o less_o necessity_n promise_v to_o the_o lender_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o will_v you_o hear_v this_o party_n which_o sell_v thus_o much_o the_o dear_a for_o time_n dare_v upon_o usury_n as_o i_o prove_v before_o and_o that_o after_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o therefore_o this_o buyer_n borrow_v upon_o usury_n which_o by_o this_o example_n appear_v in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n to_o be_v lawful_a but_o you_o will_v allege_v in_o the_o second_o place_n 2._o that_o all_o borrow_n upon_o usury_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o scripture_n i_o answer_v that_o all_o lend_n upon_o usury_n be_v indeed_o condemn_v in_o the_o scripture_n but_o that_o all_o borrow_n upon_o usury_n be_v condemn_v it_o can_v be_v prove_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v you_o will_v allege_v jerem._n 15._o 10._o and_o isaiah_n 24._o 2._o in_o the_o former_a place_n the_o prophet_n jeremie_n profess_v of_o himself_o as_o some_o translation_n read_v that_o neither_o he_o have_v lend_v upon_o usury_n neither_o have_v they_o lend_v to_o he_o upon_o usury_n answer_n suppose_v that_o the_o prophet_n do_v indeed_o speak_v of_o lend_v and_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n yet_o hereof_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o all_o borrow_n upon_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a it_o may_v not_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n lawful_a either_o of_o themselves_o or_o at_o lest_o in_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n which_o the_o prophet_n jeremie_n never_o practise_v it_o may_v be_v that_o he_o may_v as_o true_o have_v say_v i_o neither_o 4â—_n buy_v of_o they_o nor_o sell_v to_o they_o i_o neither_o lend_v to_o they_o upon_o pawn_n or_o other_o security_n neither_o have_v i_o borrow_v of_o they_o upon_o security_n will_v it_o therefore_o from_o hence_o follow_v that_o all_o buy_v and_o sell_v all_o lend_n and_o borrow_v upon_o security_n be_v unlawful_a yea_o but_o the_o prophet_n disclaim_v the_o practice_n of_o lend_v upon_o usury_n as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a therefore_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n the_o prophet_n abstain_v indeed_o from_o lend_v upon_o usury_n because_o it_o be_v unlawful_a but_o thereof_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o he_o abstain_v from_o borrow_v also_o because_o it_o be_v simple_o unlawful_a it_o may_v be_v he_o have_v no_o need_n to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n and_o therefore_o that_o have_v be_v unlawful_a to_o he_o without_o necessity_n which_o in_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n be_v lawful_a to_o another_o but_o the_o prophet_n indeed_o if_o he_o speak_v of_o usury_n at_o all_o disclaim_v both_o lend_n and_o borrow_v not_o as_o unlawful_a thing_n though_o to_o he_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v perhaps_o unlawful_a but_o as_o occasion_n of_o contention_n for_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o prophet_n be_v to_o show_v the_o contentious_a disposition_n of_o the_o people_n who_o contend_v with_o he_o that_o have_v give_v they_o no_o
if_o his_o necessity_n do_v not_o drive_v he_o he_o shall_v not_o seek_v to_o such_o a_o one_o neither_o hardly_o nor_o at_o all_o but_o see_v god_n have_v enable_v he_o to_o lend_v and_o the_o magistrate_n do_v tollerat_v he_o to_o this_o end_n that_o he_o may_v supply_v the_o want_n of_o man_n which_o be_v in_o necessity_n why_o may_v not_o i_o upon_o who_o the_o lord_n have_v lay_v a_o necessity_n of_o borrow_v seek_v to_o borrow_v of_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o lend_v to_o i_o so_o long_o as_o i_o induce_v he_o not_o to_o sin_n nor_o persuade_v he_o to_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o good_a but_o you_o will_v say_v if_o the_o party_n be_v a_o common_a usurer_n you_o know_v beforehand_o that_o either_o he_o will_v lend_v upon_o usury_n or_o not_o at_o all_o and_o therefore_o see_v upon_o your_o motion_n he_o will_v take_v occasion_n to_o sin_n you_o ought_v rather_o to_o forbear_v it_o than_o that_o by_o your_o motion_n you_o shall_v give_v he_o occasion_n of_o sin_v which_o for_o no_o temporal_a commodity_n you_o ought_v to_o do_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o i_o how_o the_o lord_n who_o will_v have_v the_o wealthy_a man_n try_v by_o the_o signification_n of_o their_o want_n who_o be_v in_o need_n will_v move_v his_o heart_n and_o therefore_o so_o long_o as_o i_o move_v he_o only_o to_o that_o good_a which_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v if_o he_o will_v thereby_o take_v occasion_n to_o offend_v 2._o it_o be_v a_o offence_n take_v and_o not_o give_v and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o passive_a offence_n be_v not_o of_o ignorance_n or_o infirmity_n but_o of_o a_o resolve_a malice_n and_o of_o a_o settle_a resolution_n in_o evil_a such_o as_o be_v the_o scandal_n of_o the_o pharisy_n mat._n 15._o 14._o it_o be_v to_o be_v neglect_v neither_o be_o i_o be_v in_o a_o case_n of_o urgent_a necessity_n to_o forbear_v ask_v to_o borrow_v for_o fear_n of_o this_o passive_a scandal_n but_o the_o latter_a point_n be_v more_o difficult_a viz._n whether_o after_o denial_n make_v by_o he_o who_o be_v entreat_v to_o lend_v a_o man_n in_o case_n of_o urgent_a and_o extreme_a necessity_n may_v offer_v that_o condition_n to_o he_o which_o if_o he_o shall_v accept_v he_o shall_v offend_v by_o usury_n as_o for_o example_n if_o upon_o his_o denial_n he_o shall_v reply_v refuse_v not_o i_o pray_v you_o to_o lend_v unto_o i_o for_o my_o necessity_n be_v such_o as_o that_o rather_o than_o i_o will_v not_o borrow_v i_o will_v yield_v to_o very_o hard_a condition_n require_v what_o allowance_n you_o think_v good_a or_o impose_v what_o condition_n you_o please_v if_o it_o be_v not_o too_o unreasonable_a i_o will_v yield_v to_o it_o such_o a_o offer_n i_o have_v show_v before_o by_o like_a instance_n not_o to_o be_v unlawful_a to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v some_o other_o suppose_v a_o man_n in_o extremity_n of_o hunger_n to_o come_v to_o another_o who_o have_v victual_n entreat_v he_o to_o let_v he_o have_v some_o food_n for_o his_o ready_a money_n the_o other_o though_o he_o perceive_v his_o need_n refuse_v whereupon_o he_o reply_v refuse_v not_o i_o pray_v you_o to_o sell_v i_o food_n for_o such_o be_v my_o necessity_n that_o rather_o than_o i_o will_v not_o buy_v victual_n at_o this_o time_n i_o will_v yield_v to_o what_o price_n you_o shall_v require_v demand_v what_o you_o will_v though_o it_o be_v the_o double_a price_n etc._n etc._n or_o suppose_v the_o same_o man_n in_o the_o like_a want_n of_o necessary_n either_o for_o himself_o or_o such_o as_o belong_v unto_o he_o but_o want_v ready_a money_n come_v to_o one_o who_o have_v such_o commodity_n to_o sell_v who_o refuse_v to_o sell_v without_o ready_a money_n the_o other_o desire_v he_o to_o let_v he_o have_v they_o though_o he_o pay_v the_o dear_a for_o they_o the_o party_n thus_o sell_v the_o dear_a commit_v usury_n and_o suppose_v again_o that_o the_o party_n who_o be_v entreat_v to_o lend_v pretend_v as_o usurer_n many_o time_n do_v that_o they_o have_v no_o money_n to_o pleasure_v the_o borrower_n with_o whereupon_o the_o borrower_n intreat_v he_o to_o help_v he_o with_o some_o commodity_n whereof_o he_o may_v make_v money_n the_o lender_n intend_v perhaps_o to_o buy_v the_o same_o himself_o under_o hand_n let_v he_o have_v a_o commodity_n which_o he_o say_v be_v worth_a a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o cause_v the_o borrower_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o bond_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o so_o much_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o the_o borrower_n when_o he_o sell_v the_o commodity_n can_v perhaps_o procure_v fourscore_o pound_n for_o it_o these_o example_n with_o those_o before_o mention_v may_v prove_v that_o a_o man_n in_o present_a distress_n may_v make_v such_o a_o offer_n which_o be_v extort_a from_o he_o by_o his_o own_o necessity_n and_o by_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n with_o who_o he_o have_v to_o deal_v be_v by_o his_o own_o necessity_n compel_v he_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o less_o evil_a and_o by_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n who_o he_o dissuade_v from_o the_o great_a sin_n to_o be_v excuse_v which_o otherwise_o be_v not_o warrantable_a 3._o but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v again_o he_o without_o who_o the_o usurer_n can_v actual_o accomplish_v his_o sin_n be_v partner_n of_o his_o sin_n without_o the_o borrower_n upon_o usury_n the_o usurer_n can_v actual_o commit_v the_o sin_n of_o usury_n therefore_o the_o borrower_n be_v partner_n of_o the_o usurer_n sin_n the_o proposition_n be_v general_o understand_v as_o it_o must_v or_o else_o the_o whole_a argumentation_n be_v a_o paralogism_n be_v untrue_a for_o although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o those_o sin_n which_o be_v commit_v betwixt_o a_o couple_n by_o the_o voluntary_a and_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n yet_o where_o the_o one_o party_n yield_v not_o voluntary_a consent_n but_o be_v a_o patient_a and_o the_o object_n rather_o of_o the_o other_o wrong_v than_o a_o agent_n with_o he_o it_o be_v utter_o false_a the_o sin_n of_o rape_n can_v no_o more_o be_v commit_v without_o the_o innocent_a party_n that_o be_v ravish_v than_o the_o sin_n of_o whoredom_n without_o the_o company_n of_o a_o harlot_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o she_o which_o be_v ravish_v be_v partner_n of_o his_o sin_n that_o commit_v the_o rape_n the_o robber_n by_o the_o high_a way_n can_v commit_v robbery_n unless_o the_o way_n fare_v man_n do_v travel_v that_o way_n so_o likewise_o one_o man_n can_v oppress_v unless_o there_o be_v another_o to_o be_v oppress_v nor_o impose_v usury_n unless_o there_o be_v another_o on_o who_o it_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v and_o yet_o he_o that_o be_v oppress_v be_v not_o partner_n of_o the_o oppressor_n sin_n nor_o the_o borrower_n who_o upon_o necessity_n borrow_v upon_o usury_n of_o the_o usurer_n sin_n indeed_o he_o that_o willing_o and_o without_o necessity_n make_v that_o contract_n of_o usury_n he_o be_v not_o oppress_v neither_o may_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o he_o be_v partner_n of_o the_o usurer_n sin_n but_o he_o that_o upon_o necessity_n and_o against_o his_o will_n yield_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o usury_n he_o be_v oppress_v neither_o can_v it_o true_o be_v say_v that_o he_o be_v partner_n of_o the_o usurer_n sin_n for_o whosoever_o be_v oppress_v be_v wrongful_o oppress_v and_o against_o his_o will_n and_o whosoever_o be_v wrongful_o oppress_v and_o against_o his_o will_n he_o be_v no_o partner_n of_o the_o oppressor_n sin_n when_o as_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v if_o there_o be_v no_o borrower_n upon_o usury_n there_o will_v be_v no_o usurer_n to_o prove_v that_o all_o borrower_n be_v partaker_n in_o the_o sin_n of_o usury_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o traveller_n by_o the_o high_a way_n there_o will_v be_v no_o robber_n by_o the_o high_a way_n if_o there_o be_v none_o to_o suffer_v wrong_a there_o will_v be_v none_o to_o offer_v wrong_a if_o there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v oppress_v there_o will_v be_v no_o oppressor_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o rob_v the_o wrong_a the_o oppress_a be_v guilty_a of_o the_o robbery_n wrong_v and_o oppression_n that_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o for_o i_o have_v prove_v before_o that_o the_o borrower_n upon_o necessity_n yield_v to_o usury_n be_v wrong_v and_o oppress_v 4._o again_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o we_o may_v not_o do_v ill_o that_o good_a may_v come_v thereof_o neither_o may_v we_o use_v unlawful_a mean_n though_o to_o good_a end_n neither_o aught_o any_o worldly_a necessity_n force_v we_o to_o sin_n all_o this_o i_o free_o confess_v and_o withal_o profess_v that_o if_o all_o borrow_n upon_o usury_n be_v a_o evil_a thing_n mean_v the_o evil_a of_o sin_n
man_n shall_v lend_v free_o and_o not_o for_o gain_v yet_o this_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a because_o god_n will_v have_v we_o lend_v free_o and_o not_o for_o gain_v it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v argument_n sufficient_a to_o our_o first_o parent_n to_o restrain_v they_o from_o the_o forbid_a fruit_n that_o god_n have_v forbid_v it_o though_o they_o have_v other_o reason_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o eat_v thereof_o and_o as_o in_o that_o case_n so_o in_o this_o it_o be_v sin_n and_o folly_n to_o enter_v into_o disputation_n against_o the_o word_n of_o god_n according_a unto_o which_o we_o shall_v be_v judge_v in_o the_o last_o day_n but_o as_o by_o the_o write_a word_n of_o god_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o usury_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v so_o also_o by_o other_o evident_a argument_n and_o testimony_n it_o may_v be_v convict_v to_o be_v sinful_a both_o in_o itself_o and_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v live_v in_o former_a age_n whereupon_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o usurer_n sin_v not_o only_o against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n but_o also_o against_o the_o light_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thus_o he_o sin_v against_o his_o neighbour_n god_n himself_o against_o his_o neighbour_n for_o whereas_o there_o be_v two_o duty_n especial_o to_o be_v practise_v towards_o our_o neighbour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v justice_n and_o charity_n justice_n to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o own_o 5._o and_o charity_n not_o to_o seek_v our_o own_o but_o other_o man_n profit_n justice_n to_o do_v no_o man_n wrong_v charity_n to_o do_v good_a to_o all_o usury_n offend_v against_o both_o as_o be_v both_o unjust_a and_o uncharitable_a which_o copulation_n be_v due_o to_o be_v mark_v for_o whereas_o some_o allege_v that_o usury_n be_v not_o against_o charity_n when_o neither_o the_o lender_n nor_o borrower_n be_v hurt_v thereby_o it_o shall_v hereby_o appear_v that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n it_o may_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v oppose_v to_o charity_n as_o a_o hurtful_a thing_n yet_o be_v it_o always_o oppose_v as_o a_o unjust_a and_o unequal_a thing_n for_o first_o the_o general_a law_n both_o of_o justice_n &_o charity_n be_v this_o as_o you_o will_v that_o man_n shall_v do_v to_o you_o so_o do_v you_o to_o they_o likewise_o 31._o but_o when_o you_o have_v need_v to_o borrow_v you_o will_v that_o man_n shall_v lend_v you_o free_o 12._o and_o not_o impose_v usury_n upon_o you_o therefore_o in_o like_a case_n when_o other_o will_v borrow_v of_o you_o in_o their_o necessity_n you_o ought_v to_o lend_v they_o free_o and_o not_o impose_v usury_n upon_o they_o but_o against_o this_o argument_n diverse_a thing_n be_v object_v first_o by_o this_o reason_n say_v they_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o let_v his_o horse_n or_o house_n for_o hire_n or_o to_o sell_v his_o ware_n for_o a_o equal_a price_n for_o who_o will_v not_o rather_o borrow_v thing_n to_o use_v free_o than_o to_o take_v they_o upon_o hire_n and_o who_o will_v buy_v ware_n if_o he_o may_v have_v it_o give_v he_o i_o answer_v not_o every_o thing_n which_o we_o will_v that_o man_n shall_v do_v to_o we_o be_v we_o to_o do_v to_o they_o but_o that_o which_o in_o equity_n and_o with_o good_a conscience_n we_o desire_v to_o be_v do_v to_o we_o otherwise_o he_o which_o desire_v to_o be_v slay_v may_v lawful_o kill_v other_o but_o by_o commodation_n a_o man_n can_v desire_v in_o equity_n and_o with_o a_o good_a conscience_n to_o borrow_v free_o that_o which_o be_v lettable_a nor_o by_o free_a donation_n to_o receive_v that_o which_o be_v saleable_a unless_o it_o be_v of_o some_o special_a friend_n or_o of_o some_o that_o look_v for_o as_o good_a a_o turn_n at_o our_o hand_n or_o in_o case_n of_o present_a or_o urgent_a necessity_n for_o that_o be_v to_o desire_v another_o man_n loss_n without_o make_v of_o recompense_n but_o he_o which_o have_v need_n to_o borrow_v by_o mutuation_n may_v in_o equity_n and_o with_o a_o good_a conscience_n desire_v to_o borrow_v free_o of_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o lend_v because_o he_o do_v not_o only_a purpose_n yea_o covenant_n to_o make_v full_a recompense_n by_o restore_v the_o full_a value_n of_o that_o which_o he_o borrow_v for_o so_o much_o be_v imply_v in_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o mutuation_n but_o also_o if_o he_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n will_v be_v as_o willing_a to_o gratify_v his_o creditor_n wherein_o he_o lawful_o may_v as_o now_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v holpen_v by_o he_o 2._o again_o some_o who_o exercise_v moderate_a usury_n allege_v for_o the_o justify_n of_o themselves_o that_o if_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o borrow_v they_o will_v be_v willing_a to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n after_o eight_o or_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o yea_o they_o will_v think_v themselves_o behold_v to_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v lend_v unto_o they_o after_o that_o rate_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v unto_o in_o the_o like_a case_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o desire_v to_o borrow_v but_o for_o need_v and_o therefore_o what_o man_n which_o do_v not_o borrow_v for_o need_n may_v desire_v it_o be_v not_o material_a and_o second_o that_o no_o man_n which_o borrow_v for_o his_o need_n be_v will_v simple_o or_o with_o a_o entire_a will_n to_o borrow_v upon_o usury_n but_o upon_o a_o conditional_a necessity_n for_o avoid_v a_o great_a mischief_n as_o he_o which_o cast_v his_o good_n into_o the_o sea_n to_o lighten_v the_o ship_n in_o a_o dangerous_a tempest_n be_v simple_o unwilling_a to_o cast_v away_o his_o good_n and_o yet_o be_v willing_a so_o to_o do_v upon_o a_o conditional_a necessity_n to_o save_v his_o life_n and_o as_o he_o which_o fall_v among_o thief_n give_v they_o his_o purse_n be_v force_v thereto_o by_o a_o conditional_a necessity_n viz._n if_o he_o will_v save_v his_o life_n be_v simple_o unwilling_a to_o forgo_v his_o money_n so_o he_o which_o in_o his_o necessity_n yield_v to_o pay_v usury_n do_v it_o as_o the_o poet_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willing_o for_o avoid_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n but_o simple_o against_o his_o will_n for_o that_o which_o a_o man_n do_v not_o integra_fw-la voluntate_fw-la haered_a with_o a_o entire_a will_n he_o do_v invitus_fw-la against_o his_o will_n 1._o say_v the_o lawyer_n which_o always_o happen_v in_o these_o mix_a action_n wherein_o the_o agent_n be_v as_o the_o philosopher_n say_v to_o be_v esteem_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v not_o willing_a when_o as_o therefore_o they_o object_n volenti_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a iniuria_fw-la wrong_n be_v not_o do_v to_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a i_o answer_v that_o neither_o be_v the_o borrower_n simple_o willing_a neither_o be_v that_o axiom_n general_o true_a for_o then_o joseph_n have_v not_o sin_v against_o his_o mistress_n if_o he_o have_v grant_v her_o desire_n neither_o have_v saul_n armour_n bearer_n be_v worthy_a of_o blame_n 4._o if_o at_o saul_n own_o request_n he_o have_v kill_v he_o be_v the_o anoint_a of_o the_o lord_n but_o joseph_n confess_v 9_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v sin_v fearful_o if_o he_o have_v yield_v to_o her_o desire_n 14._o and_o david_n put_v to_o death_n that_o pickthank_n who_o have_v as_o he_o say_v at_o saul_n own_o entreaty_n slay_v he_o and_o therefore_o see_v usury_n be_v as_o well_o forbid_v in_o the_o scripture_n as_o murder_v or_o adultery_n it_o be_v not_o the_o borrower_n entreaty_n that_o can_v make_v it_o lawful_a yea_o but_o say_v they_o the_o borrower_n be_v willing_a he_o seek_v to_o i_o he_o entreat_v i_o yea_o &_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n he_o offer_v i_o usury_n i_o answer_v and_o yet_o be_v he_o not_o simple_o willing_a thereto_o but_o his_o necessity_n for_o avoid_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n make_v he_o seem_v willing_a to_o that_o whereunto_o he_o be_v simple_o unwilling_a for_o do_v not_o the_o mariner_n in_o the_o tempest_n use_v all_o expedition_n with_o earnestness_n to_o cast_v out_o his_o good_n as_o though_o he_o earnest_o desire_v to_o be_v rid_v of_o they_o and_o yet_o be_v indeed_o unwilling_a to_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o do_v not_o the_o party_n which_o be_v fall_v among_o thief_n and_o be_v afraid_a of_o his_o life_n earnest_o entreat_v they_o to_o take_v his_o good_n and_o ready_o give_v his_o purse_n and_o what_o else_o he_o have_v so_o they_o will_v spare_v his_o life_n and_o yet_o simple_o be_v unwilling_a to_o loose_v his_o money_n if_o otherwise_o he_o can_v choose_v or_o if_o that_o example_n mislike_v the_o usurer_n suppose_v a_o man_n in_o extremity_n of_o hunger_n come_v to_o another_o to_o buy_v bread_n who_o meaning_n as_o the_o usurer_n common_o do_v to_o take_v
advantage_n by_o his_o neighbour_n want_n seemee_v unwilling_a to_o sell_v he_o any_o food_n will_v not_o this_o party_n in_o his_o extremity_n offer_v the_o other_o twelve_o penny_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o worth_a two_o penny_n and_o entreat_v he_o that_o he_o will_v take_v his_o money_n and_o perhaps_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o so_o do_v he_o shall_v save_v his_o life_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n be_v simple_o willing_a to_o give_v twelve_o penny_n for_o that_o which_o be_v worth_a but_o two_o penny_n or_o if_o he_o be_v his_o desire_n will_v not_o excuse_v the_o receiver_n it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o the_o usurer_n break_v the_o general_a law_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n in_o do_v to_o other_o as_o he_o will_v not_o that_o other_o shall_v do_v to_o he_o and_o also_o in_o take_v another_o man_n good_n without_o the_o other_o man_n good_a will_n but_o i_o will_v show_v you_o several_o first_o that_o usury_n be_v unjust_a and_o second_o that_o it_o be_v uncharitable_a all_o illiberal_a contract_n be_v unjust_a wherein_o commutative_a justice_n be_v not_o observe_v and_o commutative_a justice_n be_v not_o observe_v where_o be_v not_o equality_n keep_v of_o the_o thing_n commit_v whether_o the_o commutation_n be_v of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o recompense_n or_o of_o the_o use_n only_o for_o hire_n now_o that_o there_o may_v be_v equality_n allowance_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o necessary_a cost_n hazard_n and_o labour_n which_o appertain_v thereto_o for_o all_o these_o be_v valuable_a as_o for_o example_n a_o merchant_n travel_v beyond_o sea_n buy_v commodity_n there_o at_o a_o easy_a rate_n which_o have_v transport_v into_o his_o own_o country_n he_o may_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n sell_v so_o much_o dear_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o his_o necessary_a labour_n cost_n and_o hazard_v and_o where_o none_o of_o these_o consideration_n be_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v no_o gain_n or_o if_o there_o be_v there_o be_v inequality_n and_o so_o unjustice_n but_o you_o will_v say_v what_o if_o a_o man_n sustain_v loss_n be_v not_o allowance_n to_o be_v make_v thereof_o if_o any_o man_n have_v be_v the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o that_o loss_n he_o and_o no_o other_o be_v to_o make_v recompense_n but_o if_o loss_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n we_o must_v bear_v it_o as_o a_o cross_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v lay_v upon_o we_o and_o not_o presume_v to_o lay_v it_o upon_o any_o other_o man_n shoulder_n who_o have_v not_o be_v the_o effectual_a cause_n of_o our_o loss_n but_o now_o say_v i_o usury_n be_v a_o illiberal_a contract_n and_o although_o it_o be_v in_o truth_n no_o other_o contract_n but_o lend_v for_o gain_n yet_o it_o put_v on_o the_o habit_n of_o let_v exchange_n partnership_n and_o be_v not_o only_o a_o uncharitable_a lend_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v but_o also_o a_o unjust_a let_n a_o unequal_a exchange_n and_o a_o unconscionable_a partnership_n and_o first_o it_o be_v a_o most_o wicked_a and_o unjust_a kind_n of_o let_v agree_v with_o true_a let_v in_o nothing_o else_o but_o in_o take_v a_o overplus_n for_o first_o as_o i_o have_v show_v heretofore_o location_n be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o the_o use_n but_o have_v a_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v be_v value_v apart_o from_o the_o property_n and_o dominion_n and_o therefore_o he_o which_o let_v any_o thing_n he_o alienate_v the_o use_n for_o a_o equal_a price_n retain_v to_o himself_o the_o property_n but_o usury_n be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o be_v lend_v to_o be_v spend_v neither_o have_v they_o any_o fruitful_a use_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v be_v value_v apart_o from_o the_o property_n because_o they_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n and_o therefore_o he_o which_o put_v forth_o upon_o usury_n alienate_v not_o only_o the_o use_n but_o the_o property_n also_o from_o which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o mutuation_n or_o usury_n the_o use_n can_v be_v sever_v as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o let_v a_o house_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n i_o let_v the_o fruitful_a use_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o natural_o retain_v still_o the_o property_n to_o myself_o but_o he_o which_o put_v forth_o money_n or_o meat_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o use_n he_o can_v let_v the_o fruitful_a use_n of_o they_o or_o value_v it_o apart_o from_o the_o property_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o fruitful_a use_n in_o they_o that_o can_v be_v value_v apart_o and_o therefore_o with_o the_o use_n if_o he_o lend_v they_o to_o be_v spend_v he_o must_v needs_o alienat_fw-la the_o property_n also_o for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n and_o victual_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n as_o they_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o mutuation_n be_v the_o spend_v and_o distraction_n of_o they_o &_o if_o any_o fruit_n or_o profit_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o distraction_n of_o they_o it_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o industry_n and_o skill_n of_o he_o that_o do_v employ_v they_o and_o consequent_o the_o gain_n if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o he_o who_o be_v now_o the_o owner_n thereof_o for_o as_o i_o say_v in_o mutuation_n the_o property_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o borrower_n bestow_v his_o skill_n and_o industry_n to_o raise_v a_o profit_n out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o second_o in_o location_n the_o letter_n alienate_v the_o use_n only_o and_o not_o the_o property_n be_v to_o receive_v again_o the_o self_n same_o particular_a after_o it_o have_v be_v use_v of_o the_o hire_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n impair_v in_o the_o use_n in_o respect_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o second_o reason_n of_o demand_v and_o take_v the_o hire_n but_o in_o usury_n the_o lender_n alienate_v not_o only_o the_o use_n but_o the_o property_n also_o covenant_v to_o receive_v again_o not_o the_o self_n same_o particular_a impair_v in_o the_o use_n but_o the_o full_a value_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n without_o any_o impair_n or_o diminution_n of_o the_o principal_a and_o therefore_o in_o usury_n there_o be_v no_o such_o reason_n of_o a_o overplus_n as_o in_o location_n three_o in_o location_n the_o letter_n as_o he_o retain_v the_o property_n of_o that_o which_o be_v let_v so_o he_o also_o bear_v the_o hazard_n thereof_o in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o it_o miscarry_v without_o the_o hirer_n default_n it_o miscari_v to_o the_o letter_n and_o not_o to_o he_o for_o he_o be_v only_o to_o pay_v the_o hire_n exod._n 22._o 14_o in_o respect_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o three_o reason_n of_o the_o hire_n demand_v as_o be_v in_o part_n the_o price_n of_o the_o hazard_n but_o in_o usury_n the_o lender_n as_o he_o alienate_v the_o property_n with_o the_o use_n so_o also_o with_o the_o property_n he_o transfer_v the_o hazard_n to_o the_o borrower_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o the_o principal_a or_o any_o part_n thereof_o miscarry_v it_o miscarry_v to_o the_o borrower_n it_o be_v safe_a to_o the_o lender_n by_o the_o very_a contract_n of_o mutuation_n fur_n now_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o the_o law_n vbi_fw-la periculum_fw-la ibi_fw-la lucrum_fw-la collocandum_fw-la est_fw-la to_o who_o the_o hazard_n belong_v to_o he_o appertain_v the_o gain_n 13._o and_o that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o reap_v gain_n by_o that_o whereof_o he_o bear_v not_o the_o hazard_n etc._n and_o again_o that_o there_o be_v no_o gain_n allowable_a by_o law_n which_o have_v no_o hazard_n join_v with_o it_o last_o the_o letter_n many_o time_n be_v at_o charge_n about_o such_o thing_n as_o he_o do_v let_v as_o in_o repair_v of_o house_n in_o keep_v of_o house_n etc._n etc._n which_o may_v be_v a_o four_o reason_n of_o demand_v hire_n but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o respect_n in_o usury_n nay_o the_o usurer_n have_v transfer_v the_o property_n of_o that_o which_o be_v lend_v to_o the_o borrower_n &_o with_o the_o property_n the_o labour_n which_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v the_o hazard_n which_o be_v to_o be_v sustain_v the_o cost_n which_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v for_o the_o raise_n of_o any_o commodity_n by_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o money_n notwithstanding_o he_o will_v have_v the_o money_n to_o be_v think_v his_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o gain_n though_o the_o borrower_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o loss_n now_o if_o you_o lay_v these_o thing_n together_o you_o shall_v in_o part_n perceive_v how_o unjust_a &_o unconscionable_a a_o gain_n usury_n be_v even_o then_o when_o the_o borrower_n seek_v to_o be_v a_o gainer_n by_o the_o employment_n of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v borrow_v 1._o in_o that_o the_o usurer_n let_v that_o which_o be_v not_o lettable_a &_o require_v a_o hire_n