do_v send_v unto_o the_o duchess_n while_o her_o husband_n be_v in_o germany_n desire_v she_o to_o value_v the_o angel_n at_o 10_o shilling_n flemish_n but_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o same_o which_o seem_v very_o strange_a consider_v that_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n do_v cause_n the_o money_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v advance_v whereby_o all_o the_o angel_n may_v have_v be_v carry_v into_o her_o dominion_n but_o she_o like_o a_o wise_a and_o politic_a duchess_n cause_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o consider_v of_o send_v man_n skilful_a in_o mint_n cause_n into_o england_n and_o find_v that_o the_o golden_a fleece_n aliâs_fw-la toison_n d'or_fw-la be_v the_o money_n than_o most_o currant_n with_o she_o and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o weight_n &_o fineness_n asmuch_o as_o the_o angel_n &_o be_v also_o value_v at_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n she_o can_v not_o grant_v the_o king_n request_n without_o alter_v also_o her_o money_n unless_o she_o will_v have_v suffer_v the_o english_a merchant_n to_o bring_v angel_n unto_o she_o for_o 10_o shilling_n and_o to_o carry_v away_o the_o golden_a fleece_n for_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o angel_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o her_o dominion_n both_o in_o the_o money_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o commodity_n of_o her_o country_n unuent_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n upon_o the_o money_n which_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n these_o two_o paradox_n be_v thus_o unmask_v be_v easy_o conceive_v of_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n to_o be_v far_o from_o the_o truth_n and_o therefore_o will_v the_o understanding_n thereof_o be_v account_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n as_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v when_o they_o be_v know_v like_v unto_o the_o egg_n of_o columbus_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o west_n indies_n and_o hear_v some_o say_v at_o a_o dinner_n that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o another_o might_n and_o will_v call_v for_o a_o egg_n and_o will_v all_o the_o guest_n one_o after_o another_o to_o set_v it_o up_o on_o end_n which_o when_o they_o can_v not_o do_v he_o gentle_o bruise_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o do_v make_v it_o flat_a or_o rather_o by_o swing_v do_v break_v the_o yolk_n within_o and_o so_o set_v it_o up_o show_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v to_o do_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v see_v do_v before_o he_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n master_n malestroit_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n as_o be_v before_o show_v but_o master_n bodine_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o show_v five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v also_o declare_v whereunto_o for_o a_o general_a and_o direct_a answer_n by_o way_n of_o replication_n we_o say_v that_o to_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o he_o mistake_v which_o true_a ground_n must_v be_v by_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o to_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o in_o effect_n and_o whether_o we_o pay_v more_o proportionable_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n than_o we_o do_v receive_v for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n for_o if_o we_o do_v now_o pay_v more_o for_o corn_n wine_n and_o all_o other_o victual_n and_o sell_v our_o commodity_n for_o more_o than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v proportionable_o here_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o effect_n but_o in_o name_n only_o so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o money_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o property_n but_o if_o we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a and_o buy_v our_o victual_n dear_a than_o heretofore_o and_o that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o price_n thereof_o we_o must_v pay_v far_o dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n then_o proportionable_o the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v rise_v this_o cause_v we_o to_o be_v alose_o in_o particular_a and_o bring_v by_o a_o overbalancing_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n a_o general_a loss_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o to_o supply_v cause_v we_o to_o make_v up_o the_o inequality_n with_o money_n which_o be_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o consideration_n than_o must_v be_v not_o to_o compare_v thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v but_o between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o we_o must_v examine_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o simple_n under_o the_o which_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v perform_v whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v when_o we_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o he_o allege_v in_o particular_a the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o he_o allege_v be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o our_o form_n observation_n for_o the_o first_o &_o last_o cause_n concern_v plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n may_v be_v cause_n that_o general_o thing_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o other_o three_o touch_v monopoly_n the_o want_n and_o waste_v of_o thing_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n can_v but_o make_v thing_n particular_o dear_a according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o wherein_o the_o time_n make_v also_o now_o and_o then_o a_o alteration_n upon_o occasion_n as_o when_o arm_n be_v dear_a in_o time_n of_o war_n then_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n victual_n in_o time_n of_o famine_n wood_n in_o winter_n and_o water_n in_o desert_n place_n and_o such_o like_a see_v then_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v not_o only_o the_o commodity_n of_o a_o country_n dear_a but_o that_o they_o be_v also_o nerui_fw-la bellorum_fw-la the_o sinew_n of_o war_n every_o prince_n be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n thereof_o especial_o those_o prince_n that_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n within_o their_o dominion_n or_o such_o as_o have_v have_v they_o and_o be_v now_o without_o they_o the_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v much_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o boheme_n and_o river_n of_o pannonia_n and_o swaden_n out_o of_o spain_n there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v both_o out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o monntaine_n above_o 20_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a which_o be_v all_o exhaust_v than_o it_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n first_o from_o santo_n domingo_n and_o other_o place_n where_o it_o do_v also_o cease_v now_o it_o come_v from_o peru_n by_o certain_a million_o which_o will_v also_o take_v a_o end_n the_o silver_n be_v bring_v also_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o be_v much_o find_v in_o germany_n but_o be_v now_o in_o many_o place_n draw_v out_o the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o accumulate_v treasure_n deem_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o expedient_a nor_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o suffer_v the_o transportation_n of_o their_o money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o as_o by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v see_v whereby_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n for_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n continue_v william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a for_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o divide_v among_o his_o baron_n and_o knight_n who_o do_v pay_v he_o therefore_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o do_v gather_v a_o treasure_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o within_o one_o hundred_o year_n have_v have_v many_o great_a war_n and_o join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n conquer_a also_o scotland_n and_o reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o have_v reign_v 35_o year_n have_v never_o cause_v to_o impose_v any_o tribute_n subsidy_n or_o tax_v upon_o his_o subject_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o behind_o he_o in_o treasure_n 900_o thousand_o pound_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a matter_n the_o west_n indies_n not_o be_v discover_v but_o also_o for_o
that_o it_o will_v make_v now_o with_o we_o 27_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v esteem_v at_o five_o shilling_n which_o then_o be_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n edward_n the_o three_o make_v many_o good_a law_n to_o keep_v the_o treasure_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o home_n commodity_n and_o have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n shall_v not_o over-ballaunce_a his_o home_n commodity_n know_v that_o if_o he_o pay_v more_o for_o they_o than_o he_o make_v of_o his_o commodity_n the_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v up_o and_o balance_v with_o the_o treasure_n or_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o have_v bring_v the_o work_n and_o make_v of_o cloth_n into_o the_o realm_n he_o do_v devise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o find_v vent_n for_o the_o same_o observe_v a_o due_a course_n for_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o his_o money_n and_o that_o the_o true_a value_n of_o his_o money_n may_v be_v answer_v by_o exchange_n with_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o course_n of_o exchange_n can_v not_o be_v do_v by_o a_o multitude_n of_o people_n so_o convenient_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n he_o do_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v a_o exchanger_n who_o do_v make_v exchaunge_n with_o all_o man_n for_o foreign_a part_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n and_o specie_fw-la for_o specie_fw-la proceed_v in_o all_o thing_n most_o orderly_o as_o may_v appear_v also_o by_o that_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n contain_v 13_o tod_n according_a to_o the_o lunar_a month_n of_o the_o year_n every_o tod_n 4_o nail_n for_o the_o 4_o week_n to_o the_o month_n and_o so_o 52_o week_n in_o the_o year_n every_o nail_n 7_o pound_n to_o the_o 7_o day_n of_o the_o week_n and_o so_o 28_o day_n for_o the_o month_n as_o 28_o pound_n for_o a_o tod_n and_o in_o all_o 364_o pound_n for_o so_o many_o day_n of_o the_o year_n richard_n the_o second_o have_v a_o especial_a regard_n to_o the_o overbalancing_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o his_o home_n commodity_n cause_v the_o statute_n of_o employment_n for_o merchant_n stranger_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v and_o if_o they_o can_v not_o sell_v their_o commodity_n within_o a_o convenient_a time_n they_o be_v to_o transport_v the_o same_o again_o and_o if_o they_o make_v not_o their_o return_n in_o commodity_n they_o may_v deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n but_o only_o to_o the_o exchaunger_n by_o he_o ordain_v and_o none_o other_o henry_n the_o five_o confirm_v the_o former_a statute_n cause_v the_o stapler_n to_o bring_v into_o the_o realm_n in_o return_n of_o their_o wool_n a_o great_a part_n in_o bullion_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o other_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o the_o 3_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o explanation_n of_o the_o former_a statute_n prohibit_v all_o manner_n of_o exchange_n or_o rechaunge_v within_o his_o realm_n or_o for_o any_o foreign_a part_n and_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n or_o of_o his_o exchanger_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o for_o in_o his_o time_n the_o banker_n have_v their_o beginning_n who_o do_v invent_v the_o merchandize_v exchange_n and_o make_v of_o money_n a_o merchandise_n whereby_o they_o find_v the_o mean_n to_o over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n abate_v the_o price_n of_o other_o but_o this_o prudent_a and_o politic_a king_n have_v his_o coffer_n store_v with_o stand_a treasure_n do_v for_o the_o furtherance_n of_o traffic_n and_o for_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n lend_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n free_o to_o the_o merchant_n and_o whereas_o other_o nation_n come_v into_o the_o realm_n to_o buy_v his_o commodity_n which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v staple_n commodity_n and_o of_o great_a request_n as_o be_v most_o necessary_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n he_o do_v inhibit_v they_o the_o buy_n of_o any_o unless_o they_o become_v bind_v in_o recognizance_n not_o to_o carry_v any_o to_o the_o place_n where_o his_o subject_n keep_v their_o mart_n and_o do_v so_o qualify_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n as_o he_o leave_v a_o incredible_a wealth_n and_o treasure_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o west_n indies_n be_v but_o new_o discover_v and_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n but_o value_v at_o 40_o penny_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n perceive_v the_o price_n of_o money_n continual_o to_o rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o remission_n make_v unto_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o no_o reformation_n ensue_v cause_v the_o angel_n noble_a to_o be_v value_v from_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n unto_o seven_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n whereby_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a five_o and_o forty_o penny_n afterward_o request_v the_o duchess_n to_o value_v his_o angel_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n as_o be_v before_o show_v which_o be_v clean_o contrary_a and_o then_o cardinal_n wolsey_n obtain_v a_o patent_n to_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o the_o 22_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o king_n be_v inform_v that_o diverse_a nation_n bring_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n into_o his_o realm_n and_o fear_v a_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n for_o that_o those_o nation_n receive_v ready_a money_n for_o their_o commodity_n which_o money_n they_o ever_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n unto_o other_o merchant_n &_o never_o employ_v the_o same_o on_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o custom_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n less_o vent_v he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o former_a statute_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v which_o take_v place_n but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n because_o the_o war_n bring_v all_o thing_n out_o of_o order_n so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o base_a money_n be_v coin_a which_o be_v do_v without_o any_o order_n bring_v diverse_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o realm_n edward_n the_o six_o do_v cry_v down_o those_o base_a money_n of_o his_o father_n and_o cause_v new_a money_n to_o be_v coin_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v also_o prohibit_v very_o severe_o the_o transportation_n thereof_o by_o proclamation_n albeit_o they_o prove_v fruitless_a as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o her_o majesty_n time_n by_o this_o brief_a collection_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o great_a care_n these_o noble_a prince_n have_v have_v to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o find_v themselves_o and_o their_o kingdom_n without_o treasure_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n draw_v by_o mean_n of_o their_o commodity_n and_o to_o avoid_v not_o to_o fall_v into_o that_o error_n of_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o nine_o who_o after_o the_o massacre_n of_o paris_n find_v the_o treasure_n of_o his_o realm_n exhaust_v and_o his_o subject_n wealth_n to_o consist_v more_o of_o plate_n then_o of_o ready_a money_n be_v advise_v by_o some_o that_o under_o colour_n of_o the_o suppress_n of_o pride_n it_o be_v good_a to_o take_v a_o course_n to_o prescribe_v every_o man_n what_o store_n of_o plate_n he_o shall_v keep_v according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o quality_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o money_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v not_o only_o breed_v a_o discontentment_n unto_o his_o subject_n but_o a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n of_o the_o king_n reputation_n see_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n wherefore_o like_o good_a politician_n do_v advise_v the_o king_n to_o embase_v his_o money_n which_o will_v cause_v the_o same_o not_o to_o be_v transport_v and_o the_o plate_n to_o be_v of_o course_n convert_v into_o money_n which_o be_v do_v according_o and_o have_v also_o that_o effect_n save_v that_o where_o they_o think_v money_n will_v not_o be_v transport_v they_o find_v themselves_o deceive_v for_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o look_v into_o by_o they_o which_o do_v cause_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v upon_o the_o money_n and_o so_o long_o as_o the_o gain_n remain_v it_o be_v still_o transport_v whereby_o at_o last_o he_o lose_v the_o plate_n of_o
matter_n wherein_o he_o be_v surpass_v other_o that_o hence_o the_o proverb_n be_v derive_v that_o one_o do_v understand_v his_o par_n or_o equality_n be_v it_o in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n or_o money_n whereby_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n be_v rule_v but_o this_o can_v proper_o be_v take_v as_o a_o remedy_n against_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n for_o it_o do_v keep_v a_o due_a equality_n in_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o make_v not_o any_o alteration_n so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v as_o before_o that_o master_n bodine_n have_v mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o entreat_v of_o the_o remedy_n by_o he_o propound_v be_v also_o incertain_a for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o we_o be_v not_o in_o this_o regard_n to_o compare_v thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v but_o between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v or_o traffic_n either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n therefore_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o a_o realm_n may_v increase_v or_o decrease_v riches_n as_o aristotle_n have_v define_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o plato_n before_o he_o do_v revoke_v his_o opinion_n concern_v equality_n when_o he_o will_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v common_a whereby_o every_o man_n may_v have_v enough_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o these_o word_n i_o and_o thou_o whereby_o the_o property_n of_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v do_v use_v to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o do_v gain_v but_o another_o be_v a_o loser_n suppose_v both_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a riches_n to_o be_v appertain_v and_o proper_a to_o some_o that_o be_v owner_n thereof_o wherein_o he_o do_v note_v a_o kind_n of_o absurdity_n at_o that_o time_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o purpose_n but_o afterward_o have_v have_v a_o due_a consideration_n of_o far_o great_a absurdity_n that_o will_v happen_v if_o to_o avoid_v strife_n and_o contention_n good_n be_v common_a and_o consequent_o woman_n and_o child_n whereby_o family_n whereof_o commonweal_n be_v compound_v will_v be_v dissolve_v and_o overthrow_v he_o do_v wise_o revoke_v his_o former_a opinion_n hold_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v impossible_a and_o incompatible_a for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o commonwealth_n without_o a_o private_a wealth_n whereby_o these_o two_o word_n i_o and_o thou_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a and_o ancient_a credit_n which_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n be_v to_o consider_v in_o particular_a &_o the_o prince_n as_o the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n in_o general_a as_o well_o touch_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o land_n as_o of_o the_o artificial_a riches_n proceed_v of_o the_o same_o and_o to_o make_v and_o moderate_v his_o charge_n and_o expense_n according_o to_o which_o end_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o natural_a riches_n the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o territory_n be_v requisite_a to_o be_v consider_v of_o be_v compare_v with_o other_o prince_n dominion_n which_o oftentimes_o be_v account_v to_o be_v more_o spacious_a than_o they_o be_v by_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v this_o geometrical_a description_n follow_v whereby_o the_o spaciousness_n of_o one_o kingdom_n or_o country_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o another_o observe_v only_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o number_n a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o according_a to_o the_o imaginary_a account_n of_o ptolemy_n contain_v 360_o geometrical_a degree_n of_o 15_o league_n every_o degree_n make_v in_o the_o whole_a 5400_o league_n which_o we_o do_v reckon_v after_o one_o thousand_o measure_n of_o land_n for_o every_o league_n of_o four_o english_a mile_n or_o 60_o mile_n for_o a_o degree_n the_o diameter_n be_v 1718_o 2_o 11_o league_n make_v the_o superficies_n both_o of_o water_n and_o land_v 9278_o thousand_o 181_o league_n every_o league_n be_v 4666⅔_n measure_v square_a which_o make_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n to_o contain_v 43_o million_o of_o million_o 298_o million_o 170_o thousand_o measure_n of_o land_n and_o water_n whereof_o the_o water_n be_v deduct_v accoumpt_v above_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o other_o three_o for_o the_o earth_n there_o remain_v not_o account_v fraction_n and_o unnecessary_a number_n nine_o million_o of_o million_o 381_o million_o 627_o thousand_o measure_n of_o land_n know_v to_o be_v inhabit_v whereof_o follow_v a_o particular_a distribution_n upon_o every_o kingdom_n and_o country_n with_o a_o note_n of_o their_o situation_n begin_v our_o voyage_n from_o england_n the_o most_o renown_a island_n in_o the_o world_n and_o travel_v all_o the_o world_n over_o which_o by_o water_n may_v be_v compass_v in_o one_o year_n and_o a_o half_a as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o globe_n set_v forth_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o master_n sanderson_n by_o the_o voyage_n of_o sir_n francis_n drake_n and_o sir_n thomas_n candish_n knight_n we_o find_v england_n with_o the_o land_n adjacent_a under_o her_o majesty_n dominion_n to_o contain_v 34_o million_o 438_o thousand_o measure_n of_o land_n after_o the_o computation_n aforesaid_a ireland_n the_o island_n which_o lie_v most_o west_n of_o those_o that_o be_v of_o any_o fame_n contain_v 21_o million_o 785_o thousand_o measure_n scotland_n be_v adjoin_v to_o england_n contain_v 12_o million_o 250_o thousand_o measure_n the_o most_o western_a country_n of_o europe_n be_v spain_n which_o be_v bound_v the_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o oceanus_n cantabricus_n or_o the_o spanish_a sea_n &_o on_o the_o east_n with_o france_n from_o which_o it_o be_v sever_v with_o the_o pireney_n hill_n under_o spain_n we_o reckon_v the_o eight_o kingdom_n follow_v castille_n contain_v 31_o 886._o m._n andaluzia_n 3_o 700._o m._n granado_n 3_o 150._o m._n navarre_n 1_o 868._o m._n portugal_n 12_o 600._o m._n leon_n gallicia_fw-la 9_o 520._o m._n arragon_n 16_o 760._o m._n biscay_n 4_o 666._o m._n  _fw-fr all_n 84_o 150._o m._n measure_n of_o land_n france_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o pirency_n hill_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o english_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n with_o germany_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o the_o alpe_n hill_n and_o on_o the_o south-west_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n contain_v 32_o province_n normandy_n 2_o 022._o m._n campagney_n 1_o 785._o m._n xantogne_n 1_o 791._o m._n poitou_n 2_o 644._o m._n berry_n 1_o 437._o m._n limogis_n 140._o m._n picardy_n 1_o 307._o m._n anjou_n 840._o m._n calis_n 46._o m._n bulleyn_n 135._o m._n languedoc_n 2_o 240._o m._n dauphiney_a 900._o m._n burgundy_n 757._o m._n provence_n 1_o 178._o m._n vermandois_n 116._o m._n and_o vienois_n lionois_n gascon_a france_n lorreyne_a britain_n guien_n nivernois_n bourbon_n auverne_n velay_n pierigueux_n viemois_n and_o the_o rest_n contain_v all_o 91_o 350._o m._n measure_n the_o next_o country_n unto_o france_n on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v germany_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o france_n and_o the_o low_a country_n on_o the_o north_n with_o denmark_n and_o the_o danish_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n with_o prussia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o istria_n and_o illiricum_n and_o the_o south_n with_o the_o alpe_n hill_n and_o with_o italy_n under_o saxony_n saxonia_n 3_o 750._o m._n misnia_n 3_o 360._o m._n turingia_n 1_o 120._o m._n under_o austria_n lusatia_n 2_o 614._o m._n slesia_n 5_o 558._o m._n bohemia_n 7_o 000._o m._n austria_z 6_o 300._o m._n moravia_n 4_o 200._o m._n beyeren_n 3_o 360._o m._n assia_n 3_o 947._o m._n helvetia_n 12_o 585._o m._n basle_n and_o swetia_n 2_o 992._o m._n wirtenbergh_n 1_o 270._o m._n embden_n 244._o m._n collen_n 214._o m._n salisbury_n 1_o 089._o m._n cleves_n 257._o m._n gulich_n 357._o m._n westphalia_n 2_o 450._o m._n ofnab_n 357._o m._n pomerania_n 3_o 360._o m._n marquis_n brandeburgh_n 6_o 293._o m._n machalburgh_n 2_o 100_o m._n franconia_n 6_o 440._o m._n tiroll_fw-fr 3_o 360._o m._n carinthea_n 1_o 634._o m._n stiria_n 1_o 866._o m._n count_n palatin_n 4_o 450._o m._n oldeburg_n &_o dulmar_n 462._o m._n liege_n 571._o m._n trier_n mentz_n strasbourgh_n spiers_n worm_n together_o 4_o 324._o m._n  _fw-fr all_n 97_o 884._o m._n measure_n the_o 17_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n account_v 550_o town_n and_o 12_o thousand_o village_n bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o germany_n and_o france_n consist_v of_o 4_o dukedom_n 7_o earldom_n and_o 6_o signory_n brabant_n 1_o 502._o m._n guildre_n 420._o m._n luxenborgh_n
use_n of_o melt_a or_o transportation_n and_o to_o pay_v out_o the_o light_a one_o especial_o in_o silver_n counterfeiter_n washer_n and_o falsifier_n of_o money_n will_v be_v soon_o detect_v and_o the_o false_a money_n know_v when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n and_o of_o one_o sound_n and_o fairness_n of_o stamp_n with_o their_o private_a mark_n for_o the_o time_n the_o thickness_n will_v be_v see_v the_o weight_n will_v be_v find_v and_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v hear_v by_o compare_v one_o piece_n to_o another_o especial_o when_o the_o redness_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o money_n do_v give_v suspicion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n of_o equal_a weight_n as_o we_o may_v partly_o perceive_v and_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o the_o last_o trial_n make_v thereof_o the_o mass_n or_o lump_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o lump_n of_o silver_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o as_o 9_o to_o 5_o that_o the_o body_n of_o silver_n be_v big_a than_o that_o of_o gold_n which_o be_v 1_o â…˜_n between_o copper_n and_o silver_n be_v as_o much_o difference_n as_o between_o 11_o and_o 13._o lead_v to_o silver_n as_o from_o 15_o to_o 14_o but_o that_o will_v not_o join_v with_o any_o other_o mettle_n than_o tin_n which_o be_v light_a than_o silver_n and_o do_v differ_v from_o it_o as_o 9_o to_o 13_o and_o from_o the_o gold_n as_o 7_o to_o 18._o iron_n do_v differ_v from_o silver_n as_o 4_o to_o 3_o and_o from_o the_o gold_n as_o 6_o to_o 9_o that_o the_o body_n of_o gold_n be_v lesser_a quicksilver_n which_o be_v volatile_a come_v near_a unto_o gold_n and_o do_v differ_v as_o 3_o to_o 4_o the_o fix_v whereof_o be_v difficult_a touch_v the_o scisell_n which_o come_v by_o the_o make_n of_o money_n by_o mill_n or_o engine_n it_o be_v soon_o make_v and_o convert_v into_o money_n and_o may_v be_v lessen_v by_o good_a cast_n of_o the_o mettle_n into_o plate_n proportionate_a which_o by_o degree_n may_v be_v reform_v according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o which_o end_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o exhort_v and_o require_v all_o goldsmith_n and_o other_o to_o be_v vigilant_a and_o diligent_a in_o bring_v of_o bullion_n into_o her_o majesty_n mint_n where_o they_o may_v have_v very_o speedy_a and_o assure_a payment_n thereof_o at_o all_o appoint_a time_n and_o in_o this_o place_n we_o must_v not_o forget_v that_o care_n may_v be_v have_v that_o the_o monier_n which_o work_n by_o the_o hammer_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o their_o line_n or_o be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o mill_n or_o engine_n last_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a &_o commodious_a as_o also_o good_a for_o the_o poor_a to_o make_v small_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o halfpence_n and_o farthing_n which_o may_v be_v call_v pledge_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o will_v increase_v charity_n towards_o they_o whereby_o also_o all_o leaden_a token_n use_v in_o tavern_n and_o by_o such_o as_o sell_v small_a ware_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o will_v be_v very_o commodious_a in_o so_o populous_a a_o kingdom_n be_v make_v exact_o to_o prevent_v counterfeit_v which_o general_o we_o do_v hold_v so_o difficult_a to_o be_v do_v as_o be_v the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o excellent_a writer_n among_o the_o ordinary_a write_n of_o most_o man_n and_o the_o make_v thereof_o can_v breed_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n whereas_o some_o prince_n do_v use_v to_o coin_v some_o money_n for_o to_o remain_v within_o their_o dominion_n &_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n for_o to_o be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n reap_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o coinage_n thereof_o and_o omit_v to_o show_v the_o important_a cause_n and_o reason_n which_o prince_n have_v to_o maintain_v a_o stand_a treasure_n we_o do_v not_o hold_v it_o impertinent_a to_o reduce_v to_o memory_n that_o which_o be_v record_v of_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n in_o time_n past_a to_o awaken_v care_n in_o other_o the_o great_a mean_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o save_v their_o state_n when_o hannibal_n have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v be_v 450_o thousand_o crown_n that_o the_o treasure_n do_v amount_v unto_o which_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n and_o never_o touch_v until_o that_o time_n pope_n john_n the_o 22._o leave_v 23_o million_o of_o gold_n sardanapalus_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n cirus_n 50_o million_o the_o athenian_n 60_o million_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n 67_o million_o alexander_n the_o great_a find_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o darius_n occhus_n the_o persian_a king_n 80_o million_o but_o the_o great_a treasure_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o king_n david_n leave_v be_v 120_o million_o which_o do_v exceed_v far_o the_o treasure_n record_v of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o flourish_v most_o under_o trajan_n the_o emperor_n which_o be_v 74_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 44_o million_o 400_o thousand_o crown_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o silver_n and_o gold_n find_v upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o the_o ransom_n which_o be_v collect_v when_o atabalippa_n king_n of_o peru_n give_v only_o for_o his_o ransom_n ten_o million_o 326_o thousand_o ducat_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o great_a treasure_n prince_n may_v have_v now_o adays_o when_o money_n do_v abound_v whereas_o it_o be_v report_v that_o king_n henry_n the_o 7_o of_o england_n leave_v in_o bullion_n after_o his_o decease_n 53_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n in_o those_o day_n when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v but_o 40_o penny_n and_o so_o conclude_v for_o money_n let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o and_o last_o mean_v whereunder_o the_o trade_n be_v perform_v but_o because_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n do_v handle_v that_o matter_n particular_o therefore_o shall_v it_o suffice_v to_o make_v mention_n only_o of_o the_o content_n thereof_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n with_o we_o do_v not_o only_o rule_v both_o the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n but_o be_v abuse_v by_o the_o merchandize_v thereof_o be_v become_v predominant_a and_o do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o they_o both_o to_o england_n great_a and_o incredible_a loss_n whereas_o the_o right_a exchange_n be_v most_o commendable_a necessary_a and_o convenient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o traffic_n of_o intercourse_n betwixt_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o country_n and_o country_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n according_a to_o value_n for_o value_n which_o according_o shall_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o certainty_n as_o a_o measure_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n for_o we_o have_v ample_o declare_v and_o prove_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v fall_v or_o rise_v in_o price_n the_o same_o be_v either_o high_a or_o low_a it_o turn_v every_o way_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o realm_n both_o for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n cause_v a_o overbalancing_a in_o nature_n before_o allege_v which_o to_o supply_v draw_v or_o expel_v our_o treasure_n for_o we_o do_v in_o effect_n give_v the_o same_o to_o boot_n unto_o other_o nation_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v their_o commodity_n for_o it_o some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_z the_o 9_o and_o philip_z the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n unto_o their_o treasurer_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o 2_o million_o 400_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_o through_o envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n exchanger_n which_o
england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n with_o a_o replication_n unto_o the_o answer_n of_o master_n john_n bodine_n by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n opposita_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la apparent_a anchora_fw-la spei_fw-la london_n print_v by_o richard_n field_n 1603._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n thomas_n sackuile_n baron_n of_o buckhurst_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n g._n de_fw-fr m._n wish_v all_o health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o everlasting_a happiness_n these_o two_o paradox_n right_a honourable_a have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o qualify_v the_o general_a complaint_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n by_o prove_v that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o famous_a m._n john_n bodine_n who_o dedicate_v his_o answer_n unto_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o france_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n hence_o proceed_v that_o resolution_n which_o embolden_v i_o to_o present_v unto_o your_o lordship_n the_o substance_n of_o both_o their_o write_n with_o all_o their_o argument_n and_o propound_a remedy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o balance_n of_o your_o grave_a wisdom_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v with_o my_o replication_n thereunto_o show_v how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n your_o honour_n judgement_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o paradox_n be_v opposite_a and_o do_v contradict_v one_o another_o beside_o the_o slender_a and_o weak_a ground_n of_o their_o foundation_n as_o also_o that_o master_n bodine_n have_v mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n by_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n must_v be_v between_o the_o home_n commodity_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o by_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_v wherein_o must_v be_v consider_v the_o end_n of_o all_o merchant_n which_o be_v gaine_n and_o profit_n at_o which_o scope_n they_o aim_v according_a to_o their_o profession_n and_o practice_n some_o by_o commodity_n some_o by_o money_n some_o by_o exchange_n some_o by_o all_o three_o or_o that_o which_o yield_v they_o most_o gain_v for_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v both_o rule_n the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n by_o the_o disorder_n whereof_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v so_o much_o decrease_v as_o it_o be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o wise_a that_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o the_o government_n thereof_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o to_o banish_v the_o worst_a but_o must_v not_o only_o obey_v the_o tempest_n and_o strike_v sail_n but_o also_o cast_v over_o board_n some_o precious_a thing_n to_o save_v the_o ship_n and_o bring_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a port_n and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n overcome_v great_a thing_n change_v the_o estate_n thereof_o from_o evil_a to_o good_a and_o from_o good_a to_o better_v which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v in_o the_o begin_n by_o remove_v the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o your_o most_o honourable_a judgement_n i_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o all_o and_o pray_v the_o almighty_a to_o have_v your_o honour_n in_o his_o divine_a protection_n and_o so_o in_o all_o humility_n i_o take_v leave_n london_n this_o 16._o of_o januarie_n 1603._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a and_o in_o all_o duty_n bind_v gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n england_n view_n a_o sentence_n allege_v without_o application_n to_o some_o purpose_n be_v to_o handle_v a_o matter_n without_o conclusion_n and_o he_o that_o will_v attribute_v unto_o any_o man_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essential_a part_n ground_n or_o pillar_n of_o any_o science_n must_v make_v apparent_a proof_n thereof_o otherwise_o his_o assertion_n be_v like_a cloud_n and_o wind_n without_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v at_o random_n quòd_fw-la oportet_fw-la patremfamilias_a vendacem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la be_v a_o worthy_a sentence_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v of_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n especial_o of_o prince_n that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o commonweal_n who_o as_o justinian_n say_v be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o two_o season_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o both_o which_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o of_o thing_n convenient_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o humane_a society_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o heathen_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o religion_n towards_o god_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n towards_o man_n the_o one_o teach_v we_o especial_o of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v &_o the_o other_o how_o we_o shall_v live_v in_o this_o life_n religion_n do_v knit_v and_o unite_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n whereby_o they_o live_v obedient_o in_o unity_n peace_n and_o concord_n and_o justice_n be_v as_o a_o measure_n ordain_v by_o god_n among_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a hence_o proceed_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v the_o denial_n of_o justice_n oppression_n of_o the_o common-people_n inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o exceed_a riches_n of_o a_o small_a number_n the_o extreme_a poverty_n of_o many_o the_o overgreat_a idleness_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o not_o punish_v of_o offender_n which_o bring_v destruction_n of_o commonweal_n religion_n do_v teach_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o make_v a_o good_a man_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o since_o prince_n reign_v by_o wisdom_n and_o that_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n be_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n also_o of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o wise_a prince_n now_o as_o prince_n reign_v by_o god_n so_o must_v they_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yea_o they_o reign_v best_a and_o long_a that_o serve_v he_o best_a and_o most_o serve_v he_o they_o can_v but_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o his_o will_n be_v not_o know_v but_o by_o his_o word_n and_o law_n which_o make_v the_o prophet_n david_n to_o meditate_v therein_o day_n and_o night_n prefer_v the_o cause_n of_o faith_n or_o religion_n before_o temporal_a commodity_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a point_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o regard_v whereunto_o the_o other_o be_v annex_v and_o do_v depend_v upon_o for_o as_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o reason_n require_v that_o this_o gradation_n shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v all_o law_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v custom_n nor_o the_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n no_o more_o can_v the_o law_n of_o prince_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n by_o justice_n proper_o call_v distributive_a be_v the_o harmony_n of_o the_o member_n of_o a_o commonweal_n maintain_v in_o good_a concord_n howbeit_o much_o hinder_v where_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v which_o give_v cause_n of_o discord_n some_o few_o wax_a thereby_o too_o rich_a and_o many_o extreme_a poor_a the_o operation_n of_o effect_n whereof_o be_v declare_v by_o i_o under_o certain_a simile_n or_o metaphor_n in_o the_o treatise_n of_o saint_n george_n for_o england_n by_o justice_n proper_o call_v commutative_a be_v the_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n maintain_v observe_v a_o kind_n of_o equality_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o every_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n where_o providence_n and_o policy_n cause_v the_o prince_n the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n to_o sell_v more_o than_o he_o buy_v or_o else_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o his_o realm_n
do_v decrease_v and_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n do_v become_v great_a or_o surmount_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o kind_n of_o equality_n be_v interrupt_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n be_v declare_v for_o as_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v perform_v by_o three_o simple_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v become_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o this_o wealth_n can_v proper_o increase_v but_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o bring_v of_o money_n and_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o buy_v for_o our_o money_n or_o barter_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n for_o our_o commodity_n and_o by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a than_o we_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n and_o so_o may_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n become_v a_o seller_n and_o not_o a_o buyer_n as_o be_v before_o allege_v we_o have_v heretofore_o note_v the_o property_n of_o money_n to_o be_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v general_o thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v likewise_o general_o thing_n good_a cheap_a whereas_o thing_n be_v also_o particular_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o the_o use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o which_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n aforesaid_a thing_n general_o become_v dear_a or_o cheap_a whereunto_o the_o great_a store_n or_o abundance_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n into_o europe_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n divide_v her_o course_n into_o several_a branch_n in_o diverse_a country_n have_v cause_v a_o great_a alteration_n and_o enhance_a of_o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o most_o especial_o because_o the_o money_n itself_o be_v alter_v in_o valuation_n in_o most_o country_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n be_v alter_v and_o make_v lesser_a by_o denomination_n there_o go_v more_o number_n to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n and_o of_o necessity_n other_o thing_n go_v and_o be_v name_v according_o in_o price_n for_o money_n must_v always_o remain_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o every_o thing_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la the_o public_a measure_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v set_v to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o thing_n may_v equal_o pass_v by_o trade_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o money_n must_v have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o proper_o belong_v the_o dispose_n thereof_o as_o a_o matter_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o as_o the_o money_n do_v set_v a_o price_n to_o the_o natural_a riches_n of_o land_n so_o do_v it_o also_o set_v a_o price_n to_o the_o artificial_a riches_n proceed_v of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o the_o artificial_a riches_n that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v thing_n dear_a be_v find_v by_o daily_a experience_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o bullion_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o the_o same_o convert_v into_o money_n but_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v in_o bullion_n it_o remain_v in_o nature_n of_o commodity_n which_o be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o barter_n in_o exchange_n for_o other_o commodity_n plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n do_v also_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o the_o thing_n want_v or_o abound_v according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o estimation_n by_o consent_n after_o the_o pleasure_n and_o sensuality_n of_o man_n the_o history_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n make_v mention_v that_o during_o the_o great_a quantity_n or_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o be_v find_v about_o fourscore_o year_n past_a and_o the_o rareness_n of_o other_o thing_n a_o cloak_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o peru_n for_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n a_o pair_n of_o breech_n of_o cloth_n for_o three_o hundred_o ducat_n a_o good_a horse_n four_o or_o five_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o other_o thing_n then_o in_o use_n and_o rare_a according_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o persian_n bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o price_n of_o land_n do_v rise_v above_o two_o three_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a concern_v scarcity_n of_o money_n grafton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v great_a war_n with_o france_n and_o scotland_n and_o incorporate_n the_o money_n into_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o cause_v through_o the_o lack_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n so_o to_o fall_v that_o a_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o two_o shilling_n a_o fat_a ox_n for_o a_o noble_a a_o sheep_n for_o six_o penny_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o the_o rate_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n make_v the_o two_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o french_a king_n exchequer_n to_o be_v most_o paradoxical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v far_o differ_v from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n which_o paradox_n upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n he_o present_v unto_o the_o king_n thereby_o to_o qualify_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o complaint_n the_o substance_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v most_o expedient_a to_o set_v down_o and_o the_o answer_n also_o which_o master_n john_n bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n or_o commonwealth_n man_n of_o france_n have_v make_v thereunto_o together_o with_o my_o explication_n thereof_o and_o replication_n to_o his_o answer_n whereby_o the_o truth_n will_v appear_v and_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o first_o paradox_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n see_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dearer_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o since_o that_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n say_v he_o have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o do_v consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n and_o have_v be_v praise_v and_o sell_v for_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o the_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o say_v he_o therefore_o since_o that_o time_n nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328._o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sol_n tournois_fw-fr which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o common_a computation_n of_o ten_o sol_n for_o a_o shilling_n starling_n be_v two_o shilling_n in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n the_o say_a yard_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sol_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v 20_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v contain_v no_o more_o in_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n then_o before_o whereby_o there_o
famous_a and_o learned_a master_n john_n bodine_n make_v answer_n unto_o these_o two_o paradox_n first_o show_v how_o m._n malestroit_n have_v abuse_v himself_o to_o use_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n to_o prove_v his_o assertion_n for_o he_o prove_v that_o velvet_n be_v yet_o unknown_a in_o france_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n surname_v the_o fair_a and_o that_o although_o he_o shall_v admit_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n for_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o so_o dear_a proportionable_o and_o concern_v the_o price_n of_o wine_n and_o corn_n he_o do_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v dear_a 20_o time_n and_o more_o or_o less_o upon_o occasion_n conclude_v that_o those_o example_n be_v also_o unfit_a and_o then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n which_o can_v increase_v or_o diminish_v nor_o be_v alter_v of_o their_o goodness_n if_o they_o be_v manure_v whereupon_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o show_v the_o fertility_n of_o france_n and_o that_o certain_a dukedom_n earldom_n and_o baronny_n be_v now_o worth_a of_o revenue_n as_o much_o yearly_a as_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o in_o time_n past_a the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o rise_v in_o price_n he_o show_v that_o within_o sixty_o year_n all_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a ten_o time_n the_o price_n compare_v it_o to_o any_o money_n in_o france_n and_o so_o set_v down_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n which_o be_v 5_o in_o number_n 1_o the_o principal_a &_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n concern_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n he_o say_v that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o what_o place_n soever_o proceed_v of_o the_o abundance_n of_o that_o which_o give_v price_n and_o estimation_n unto_o thing_n and_o herupon_o do_v allege_v diverse_a example_n plutarch_n and_o pliny_n do_v witness_n that_o paulus_n aemylius_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n of_o macedon_n against_o the_o persian_n do_v bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o people_n be_v free_v of_o all_o impost_n and_o the_o price_n of_o land_n advance_v unto_o two_o three_o part_n in_o a_o moment_n the_o emperor_n augustus_n bring_v such_o great_a riches_n from_o egypt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o the_o land_n become_v much_o dear_a than_o before_o which_o be_v not_o for_o the_o want_n of_o land_n which_o can_v increase_v or_o diminish_v nor_o for_o the_o monopoly_n which_o can_v take_v no_o place_n in_o this_o case_n but_o it_o be_v the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o abate_v the_o estimation_n thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o jerusalem_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o candace_n and_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n when_o the_o spaniard_n become_v master_n thereof_o by_o which_o reason_n the_o emperor_n tiberius_n be_v much_o mistake_v to_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v behead_v that_o will_v have_v make_v glass_n soft_a and_o malleable_a fear_v that_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v thereby_o have_v lose_v their_o estimation_n whereas_o the_o abundance_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v make_v almost_o of_o all_o stone_n and_o many_o herb_n will_v have_v diminish_v the_o reputation_n thereof_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o with_o all_o other_o thing_n therefore_o say_v he_o we_o be_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o time_n past_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o as_o there_o be_v now_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v for_o if_o there_o be_v money_n within_o the_o realm_n it_o can_v be_v so_o well_o hide_v but_o that_o prince_n in_o their_o necessity_n and_o occurrence_n will_v find_v the_o same_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o king_n john_n in_o his_o great_a necessity_n can_v not_o find_v 60_o thousand_o frank_n let_v it_o be_v crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n but_o do_v remain_v a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 8_o year_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n be_v prisoner_n can_v not_o find_v mean_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o noble_n until_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o five_o pay_v the_o same_o make_v alliance_n with_o robert_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n anno_fw-la 1371._o king_n saint_n lewis_n be_v in_o the_o like_a predicament_n be_v prisoner_n in_o egypt_n and_o the_o ancient_a history_n do_v record_n that_o for_o want_v of_o silver_n money_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n with_o a_o nail_n of_o silver_n whereby_o appear_v the_o great_a want_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o france_n in_o those_o day_n whereas_o come_v to_o our_o age_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o king_n do_v find_v in_o paris_n in_o six_o month_n beside_o the_o income_n and_o revenue_n more_o than_o three_o million_o 4_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o after_o 10_o pound_n for_o the_o pound_n starling_n be_v 340_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n herunto_o he_o have_v add_v a_o comparison_n between_o certain_a revenue_n and_o money_n give_v in_o marriage_n with_o prince_n and_o their_o kindred_n in_o those_o day_n with_o the_o like_a do_v by_o prince_n of_o late_a year_n and_o how_o italy_n through_o peace_n and_o mean_n of_o their_o traffic_n have_v draw_v all_o the_o gold_n unto_o they_o the_o treasure_n in_o europe_n be_v general_o increase_v since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n for_o it_o be_v incredible_a say_v he_o and_o yet_o true_a that_o since_o the_o year_n 1533_o there_o come_v from_o peru_n more_o than_o one_o hundred_o million_o of_o gold_n and_o twice_o as_o much_o in_o silver_n then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o france_n show_v how_o the_o spaniard_n run_v to_o the_o uttermost_a corner_n of_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n silver_n and_o spice_n do_v come_v unto_o they_o for_o their_o corn_n linen_n cloth_n and_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n how_o the_o english_a man_n scot_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n swaden_n and_o denmark_n be_v continual_o dig_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o mine_n even_o to_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o metal_n and_o mineral_n for_o to_o buy_v their_o wine_n prune_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o most_o especial_o their_o manna_n of_o salt_n which_o god_n send_v as_o it_o be_v from_o heaven_n their_o climate_n be_v more_o apt_a thereunto_o then_o that_o of_o other_o country_n which_o cause_v the_o fleming_n to_o come_v with_o their_o empty_a vessel_n to_o buy_v the_o same_o for_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o traffic_n of_o saltfish_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n the_o second_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n which_o cease_v between_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n &_o burgundy_n be_v much_o augment_v until_o the_o trouble_n for_o religion_n whereas_o the_o war_n of_o neighbour_n country_n be_v but_o a_o necessary_a purgation_n of_o the_o ill_a humour_n of_o the_o body_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o war_n at_o home_n have_v before_o that_o time_n waste_v the_o country_n overthrow_v husbandry_n and_o spoil_v all_o handiwork_n the_o englishman_n have_v sack_v their_o town_n burn_v their_o village_n murder_v and_o rob_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o people_n and_o gnaw_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o bone_n howbeit_o within_o these_o 100_o year_n the_o town_n have_v be_v re-edify_v village_n new_a build_v wood_n increase_v &_o the_o people_n augment_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o colony_n of_o frenchman_n have_v be_v send_v into_o other_o country_n to_o inhabit_v they_o and_o the_o spaniard_n be_v negligent_a and_o lazy_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n without_o any_o labourer_n or_o any_o other_o workman_n but_o only_o frenchmen_n which_o be_v more_o serviceable_a and_o active_a another_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o france_n be_v the_o trade_n have_v since_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o with_o the_o turk_n and_o barbarian_a &_o the_o bank_n of_o lion_n erect_v in_o his_o time_n bring_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n into_o france_n when_o he_o pay_v 8_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o money_n and_o his_o successor_n ten_o afterward_o 16_o and_o 20_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n which_o make_v the_o florentine_n lugueses_n genoese_n german_n and_o other_o to_o come_v &_o dwell_v in_o the_o realm_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o
cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o and_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o the_o realm_n a_o conclusion_n most_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o embase_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n proceed_v by_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o gold_n the_o word_n embase_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o valuation_n which_o be_v observe_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n but_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o embase_v by_o allay_n or_o copper_n in_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o substance_n remain_v unalter_a and_o become_v only_o abate_v in_o price_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o gold_n now_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v not_o show_v before_o that_o malestroit_n have_v mistake_v himself_o in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o money_n in_o price_n and_o the_o embase_v by_o allay_n whereby_o the_o gold_n money_n by_o he_o allege_v to_o be_v rise_v from_o one_o to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o in_o price_n and_o the_o silver_n money_n from_o one_o to_o 5_o we_o may_v have_v examine_v this_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n according_a to_o his_o allegation_n and_o thereby_o make_v know_v that_o he_o have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n as_o well_o in_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n in_o valuation_n fineness_n and_o weight_n as_o he_o do_v the_o whole_a ground_n of_o his_o paradox_n for_o have_v lose_v the_o line_n wherewith_o he_o go_v into_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o money_n and_o their_o property_n he_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o way_n among_o the_o wood_n the_o further_o he_o go_v the_o more_o he_o err_v from_o the_o right_a way_n master_n malestroit_n may_v have_v declare_v his_o intention_n in_o two_o word_n if_o he_o have_v have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o as_o for_o example_n a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v divide_v heretofore_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 20_o piece_n and_o so_o value_v 20_o penny_n every_o penny_n in_o value_n weigh_v a_o penny_n weight_n this_o ounce_n in_o process_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o be_v divide_v afterward_o into_o 30_o piece_n than_o 40_o piece_n 45_o piece_n and_o now_o 60_o piece_n so_o that_o a_o penny_n weight_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v now_o three_o penny_n and_o the_o piece_n be_v only_o alter_v in_o name_n for_o a_o three_o penny_n piece_n waigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n so_o that_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v alter_v only_o in_o denomination_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n must_v needs_o receive_v the_o like_a name_n or_o denomination_n and_o if_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v not_o rise_v above_o this_o estimation_n of_o three_o for_o one_o then_o m._n malestroit_n may_v have_v make_v good_a his_o first_o paradox_n howbeit_o fail_v in_o his_o second_o paradox_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n shall_v reduce_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n unto_o 20_o penny_n present_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v be_v alter_v according_o and_o that_o for_o which_o we_o give_v now_o 3_o penny_n shall_v but_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o penny_n which_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v better_a cheap_a and_o yet_o will_v not_o be_v so_o in_o effect_n for_o we_o shall_v give_v still_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n of_o three_o penny_n albeit_o the_o name_n thereof_o be_v alter_v and_o therefore_o not_o better_a cheap_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o queen_n shall_v receive_v for_o her_o income_n and_o revenue_n of_o crown_n land_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o her_o predecessor_n do_v in_o time_n past_a and_o nobleman_n and_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n for_o their_o land_n and_o officer_n for_o their_o fee_n be_v after_o the_o old_a rent_n and_o custom_n but_o this_o reduction_n will_v prove_v very_o prejudicial_a consider_v that_o other_o prince_n have_v enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o money_n which_o do_v carry_v a_o show_n of_o gain_n in_o the_o eye_n or_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n which_o be_v thereupon_o incline_v to_o carry_v money_n unto_o they_o albeit_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o prince_n dominion_n do_v not_o only_o countervail_v that_o suppose_a gain_n in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o traffic_n but_o also_o far_o surmount_v the_o same_o but_o the_o money_n with_o we_o not_o be_v alter_v in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n within_o these_o fifty_o year_n in_o which_o time_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o alter_v how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n take_v any_o place_n and_o if_o his_o second_o paradox_n have_v be_v of_o a_o true_a ground_n what_o reason_n have_v any_o man_n to_o measure_v thing_n present_a with_o the_o thing_n of_o former_a age_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o money_n almost_o within_o the_o age_n of_o any_o man_n for_o if_o above_o fifty_o year_n pass_v i_o have_v receive_v a_o angel_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o angel_n now_o adays_o for_o ten_o shilling_n and_o do_v pay_v out_o the_o same_o again_o for_o ten_o shilling_n there_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n although_o i_o shall_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o do_v i_o can_v attribute_v the_o loss_n thereof_o upon_o my_o angel_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o dearth_n of_o commodity_n the_o money_n not_o have_v be_v alter_v within_o my_o time_n king_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v find_v the_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n to_o be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n &_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n according_o the_o money_z be_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o england_n at_o which_o time_n the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n adjacent_a be_v not_o so_o much_o advance_v in_o price_n for_o a_o angel_n be_v in_o his_o time_n value_v at_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n be_v then_o worth_a beyond_o the_o sea_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n and_o the_o silver_n money_fw-mi according_o afterward_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n he_o cause_v all_o his_o money_n to_o be_v embase_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o make_v very_o base_a money_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v advance_v so_o that_o the_o money_n be_v alter_v in_o substance_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o that_o afterwards_o when_o to_o her_o majesty_n great_a honour_n the_o substance_n of_o money_n be_v reduce_v to_o her_o former_a purity_n and_o fineness_n have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v our_o matter_n in_o hand_n but_o we_o must_v note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v a_o coherence_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o the_o money_n between_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n whereby_o if_o general_o either_o of_o these_o be_v alter_v all_o thing_n do_v alter_v in_o price_n according_o but_o if_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o part_n with_o due_a consideration_n it_o have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n or_o operation_n king_n henry_n do_v alter_v the_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o withal_o do_v advance_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n from_o 40_o penny_n unto_o 45_o penny_n and_o the_o gold_n according_o account_v one_o of_o fine_a gold_n to_o 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n whereby_o a_o angel_n be_v worth_a 7_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o money_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o former_a goodness_n in_o her_o majesty_n reign_n will_v have_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n according_o have_v not_o the_o valuation_n be_v alter_v and_o countervail_v the_o same_o together_o with_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n for_o this_o ounce_n of_o silver_n aforesaid_a be_v value_v at_o 60_o penny_n and_o that_o which_o before_o do_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o 45_o be_v call_v 60_o which_o denomination_n cause_v all_o other_o thing_n to_o remain_v at_o the_o old_a price_n whereunto_o they_o be_v come_v through_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o money_n before_o that_o time_n now_o before_o we_o conclude_v it_o be_v worthy_a the_o note_n that_o when_o in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o angel_n be_v worth_a under_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n the_o king_n
year_n advance_v in_o price_n we_o will_v exhort_v many_o to_o practice_v the_o have_v thereof_o in_o regard_n both_o of_o the_o honey_n and_o wax_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o make_n of_o bee_n of_o a_o heighfer_n be_v natural_a whereupon_o pliny_n have_v note_v that_o the_o flesh_n of_o ox_n be_v convert_v into_o bee_n as_o the_o flesh_n of_o horse_n into_o wasp_n that_o of_o man_n into_o lice_n and_o so_o of_o other_o flesh_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o but_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o the_o flesh_n of_o a_o cuckoo_n be_v convert_v into_o toad_n as_o some_o do_v report_n touch_v the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n which_o certain_o may_v be_v know_v as_o of_o tin_n lead_v and_o certain_a know_v sort_n of_o clothes_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n tin_n be_v worth_a as_o we_o have_v say_v about_o 40_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o which_o now_o make_v 3_o pound_n and_o the_o price_n thereof_o in_o regard_n of_o velvet_n silk_n and_o other_o commodity_n ought_v now_o to_o be_v 5_o pound_n a_o hundred_o all_o circumstance_n consider_v wool_n be_v worth_a 10_o shilling_n the_o tod_n equivalent_a with_o the_o best_a yard_n of_o velvet_n colour_n kentish_a clothes_n not_o of_o so_o good_a make_v as_o now_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v for_o 8_o and_o 9_o pound_n the_o cloth_n of_o that_o money_n which_o be_v now_o 12_o pound_n and_o 13_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n calf_n skin_n 5_o shilling_n the_o dozen_o devonshire_n kersey_n and_o all_o other_o cloth_n according_o at_o which_o time_n the_o bale_n of_o venice_n fustian_n be_v sell_v for_o 18_o pound_n of_o horn_n fustian_n 15_o pound_n the_o best_a black_a satin_n 6_o shilling_n the_o yard_n colour_n damask_n and_o satin_n 5_o shilling_n bolonia_n sarsenet_n 20_o penny_n the_o yard_n all_o by_o retail_v millian_a fustian_n 18_o and_o 19_o shilling_n the_o piece_n messina_n silk_n 8_o shilling_n the_o pound_n unwatred_a chamblet_n 13_o shilling_n the_o piece_n and_o all_o other_o italian_a ware_n according_o which_o although_o they_o be_v now_o more_o use_v then_o in_o those_o day_n can_v countervail_v the_o difference_n in_o price_n be_v compare_v together_o because_o that_o the_o make_v thereof_o in_o italy_n and_o france_n be_v also_o much_o more_o increase_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o make_n of_o cloth_n much_o diminish_v since_o that_o time_n and_o in_o this_o place_n we_o must_v not_o forget_v to_o mention_v of_o the_o make_n of_o venice_n gold_n thread_n which_o may_v be_v more_o practise_v and_o make_v in_o england_n then_o it_o be_v to_o set_v poor_a people_n on_o work_n and_o so_o be_v have_v far_o better_a cheap_a for_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o whereas_o the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n be_v now_o ordinary_o sell_v for_o 3_o pound_n 5_o shilling_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o same_o be_v untwist_v do_v not_o contain_v above_o 4½_n ounce_n or_o 5_o ounce_n at_o the_o most_o of_o guild_a silver_n which_o may_v be_v worth_a some_o 25_o shilling_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n go_v towards_o some_o very_a course_n silk_n and_o the_o workmanship_n which_o be_v a_o very_a easy_a spin_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o easterling_n ware_n of_o pitch_n tar_n wainscot_n cable_n flax_n hemp_n and_o such_o like_a because_o these_o be_v very_o necessary_a commodity_n and_o can_v be_v much_o over-bought_a we_o be_v only_o to_o note_n that_o if_o the_o statute_n for_o the_o sow_v of_o hemp_n be_v well_o observe_v all_o manner_n of_o cordage_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o thereby_o be_v have_v better_o cheap_a of_o other_o howbeit_o the_o intercourse_n and_o commerce_n with_o other_o nation_n require_v that_o every_o country_n shall_v have_v their_o peculiar_a commodity_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o price_n and_o to_o have_v a_o care_n not_o to_o over-buy_a they_o and_o to_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a which_o general_o may_v be_v say_v for_o all_o commodity_n and_o particular_o for_o lawn_n cambric_n and_o such_o like_a and_o most_o especial_o when_o claret_n wine_n be_v sell_v for_o 3_o and_o 4_o pound_n the_o ton_n prune_v 5_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o civil_a oil_n 12_o pound_n the_o ton_n soap_n of_o civil_a 20_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o malmsey_n 5_o pound_n the_o but_o and_o so_o the_o like_a of_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n if_o we_o do_v consider_v the_o great_a abundance_n thereof_o find_v now_o a_o day_n and_o more_o commodious_o and_o direct_o bring_v unto_o we_o than_o heretofore_o as_o spice_n sugar_n curran_n raisin_n fig_n and_o such_o like_a be_v by_o all_o which_o come_v a_o notable_a overbalancing_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n in_o nature_n before_o allege_v which_o do_v consistin_a the_o price_n &_o not_o in_o the_o quantity_n this_o overballance_a be_v know_v by_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o good_n inward_o &_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o good_n outward_o for_o which_o purpose_n let_v we_o observe_v what_o the_o custom_n of_o wool_n do_v amount_v in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o time_n as_o aforesaid_a thus_o find_v thing_n to_o be_v dear_a and_o the_o price_n thereof_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n because_o we_o do_v not_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n so_o dear_a proportionable_o as_o we_o do_v buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n we_o may_v see_v that_o we_o be_v become_v buyer_n &_o not_o seller_n as_o the_o good_a father_n of_o the_o family_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a wherefore_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n over_o and_o above_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o make_v we_o to_o give_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o boot_n by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o one_o and_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o other_o which_o may_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ignorance_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n if_o money_n do_v not_o rule_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v not_o over-rule_v the_o property_n of_o money_n wherefore_o let_v we_o note_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n common_a wealth_n where_o we_o may_v see_v that_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v abate_v in_o price_n four_o manner_n of_o way_n 1_o by_o scarcity_n of_o money_n with_o we_o which_o make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a 2_o by_o the_o gain_n seek_v upon_o money_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v seek_v upon_o the_o commodity_n 3_o by_o a_o high_a course_n of_o exchange_n which_o draw_v the_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o nature_n of_o exchange_n only_o or_o by_o a_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4_o by_o the_o rash_a sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n by_o such_o as_o have_v small_a stock_n foreign_a commodity_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v advance_v in_o price_n four_o manner_n of_o way_n 1_o through_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n which_o make_v thing_n dear_a 2_o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o yield_v a_o loss_n and_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o cause_v few_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n and_o drive_v man_n to_o make_v return_n in_o foreign_a commodity_n 3_o by_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o their_o money_n above_o the_o value_n 4_o for_o that_o the_o principal_a commodity_n be_v engross_v into_o rich_a man_n hand_n the_o course_n of_o this_o inequality_n may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o comparison_n suppose_v that_o you_o be_v a_o lord_n of_o some_o island_n that_o do_v yield_v great_a store_n of_o corn_n or_o grain_n and_o also_o great_a quantity_n of_o wool_n and_o another_o be_v lord_n of_o another_o island_n that_o do_v yield_v great_a abundance_n of_o spice_n and_o sugar_n and_o great_a quantity_n of_o silk_n and_o silk_n ware_n be_v thing_n serve_v either_o for_o the_o belly_n or_o back_n both_o of_o you_o do_v desire_n to_o live_v in_o the_o civil_a manner_n that_o you_o can_v devise_v or_o imagine_v and_o which_o be_v please_v most_o your_o mind_n and_o want_v the_o use_n of_o money_n you_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v some_o of_o his_o spice_n sugar_n and_o silk_n and_o willing_a to_o give_v he_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o barter_n corn_n grain_n or_o wool_n for_o they_o whereupon_o by_o mutual_a conference_n according_a to_o reason_n both_o of_o you_o do_v agree_v what_o quantity_n of_o each_o commodity_n one_o will_v deliver_v for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o chief_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o use_n of_o every_o man_n commodity_n but_o because_o many_o
question_n do_v arise_v and_o to_o avoid_v much_o carriage_n of_o ware_n up_o and_o down_o for_o the_o transport_v from_o island_n to_o island_n you_o agree_v by_o mutual_a consent_n that_o a_o thing_n of_o mettle_n because_o it_o go_v in_o least_o room_n and_o continue_v long_a without_o perish_v and_o be_v carry_v too_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o least_o charge_n and_o be_v also_o fit_a to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v in_o most_o piece_n without_o loss_n shall_v be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a as_o the_o mean_a in_o ware_n to_o exchange_v all_o ware_n by_o and_o to_o the_o end_n there_o shall_v be_v always_o neither_o more_o nor_o less_o ware_n bring_v into_o your_o island_n than_o be_v equivalent_a with_o the_o ware_n of_o your_o island_n and_o this_o thing_n you_o call_v money_n which_o be_v now_o a_o measure_n to_o set_v a_o price_n or_o to_o measure_v every_o thing_n by_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o have_v more_o than_o sufficient_a for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o your_o island_n of_o corn_n wool_n and_o other_o commodity_n which_o in_o this_o regard_n may_v be_v call_v superfluity_n and_o because_o some_o of_o they_o be_v perishable_a and_o can_v keep_v long_o you_o seek_v to_o utter_v and_o convert_v into_o money_n whereby_o you_o draw_v great_a store_n of_o money_n into_o your_o island_n whereupon_o some_o of_o your_o inhabitant_n perceive_v the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o measure_n and_o mean_a to_o command_v and_o obtain_v all_o other_o thing_n through_o a_o covetous_a desire_n do_v practice_v to_o be_v master_n of_o that_o measure_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v come_v by_o it_o but_o with_o their_o consent_n and_o pay_v well_o for_o it_o and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o make_v the_o money_n to_o become_v a_o merchandise_n and_o heap_v up_o much_o wealth_n to_o themselves_o &_o bring_v thereby_o a_o dearth_n also_o of_o all_o thing_n within_o your_o island_n for_o when_o one_o take_v a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o pay_v 10_o pound_n over_o and_o more_o than_o he_o borrow_v that_o man_n in_o utter_v of_o his_o ware_n must_v sell_v according_o whereby_o the_o measure_n between_o you_o be_v become_v falsify_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o other_o island_n perceive_v this_o breach_n do_v dissemble_v the_o matter_n &_o know_v that_o by_o these_o mean_v he_o be_v bereave_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o ready_a money_n and_o therewithal_o that_o the_o commodity_n which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v of_o you_o be_v become_v dear_a and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n be_v abate_v through_o scarcity_n of_o money_n he_o devise_v a_o course_n to_o draw_v the_o money_n out_o of_o your_o island_n and_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n you_o thereupon_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o ready_a money_n shall_v be_v transport_v but_o you_o be_v content_v to_o admit_v a_o exchange_n for_o money_n on_o both_o side_n ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o his_o money_n and_o you_o and_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n to_o nominate_v the_o same_o and_o thereby_o to_o make_v return_n of_o each_o other_o commodity_n which_o exchange_n in_o nature_n of_o trade_n you_o suffer_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o price_n according_a to_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o have_v a_o ability_n give_v he_o to_o compass_v the_o rule_n of_o this_o exchange_n and_o so_o do_v abuse_v the_o same_o both_o way_n that_o he_o draw_v all_o the_o ready_a money_n out_o of_o your_o island_n and_o do_v advance_v the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n which_o he_o thereby_o sell_v the_o dear_a unto_o you_o you_o do_v also_o sell_v your_o commodity_n dear_a but_o you_o do_v not_o make_v a_o proportionable_a price_n unto_o he_o neither_o a_o due_a return_n of_o the_o provenue_n of_o your_o commodity_n for_o if_o you_o make_v your_o return_n by_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n he_o take_v a_o advantage_n thereby_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o overvalue_a his_o money_n and_o under-valuing_a you_o or_o else_o you_o be_v drive_v to_o make_v return_n in_o his_o commodity_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n whereby_o of_o necessity_n he_o do_v overbalance_n your_o land_n commodity_n with_o he_o and_o do_v of_o course_n expel_v your_o ready_a money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o boot_n with_o your_o commodity_n where_o be_v now_o become_v that_o equivalent_a proportion_n of_o ware_n for_o ware_n or_o to_o what_o purpose_n serve_v the_o measure_n of_o money_n between_o you_o and_o he_o do_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o your_o island_n pay_v for_o all_o and_o whence_o come_v all_o this_o be_v not_o usury_n the_o beginning_n and_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o which_o be_v take_v away_o will_v make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o what_o may_v be_v do_v ex_fw-la conuerso_fw-la we_o leave_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o wise_a to_o determine_v what_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o course_n of_o politic_a government_n and_o to_o their_o judgement_n we_o will_v now_o propound_v three_o mean_n for_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n by_o increase_n of_o trade_n beside_o the_o operation_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n dear_a whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o the_o first_o be_v to_o give_v a_o ability_n unto_o merchant_n to_o set_v over_o or_o transport_v their_o bill_n obligatorie_n or_o bond_n which_o they_o receive_v upon_o sale_n make_v of_o their_o commodity_n for_o other_o commodity_n for_o whereas_o they_o sell_v most_o common_o all_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n payable_a at_o some_o short_a time_n if_o have_v receive_v bill_n or_o bond_n for_o their_o ware_n they_o may_v lawful_o set_v they_o over_o for_o other_o commodity_n there_o will_v be_v great_a quantity_n of_o our_o commodity_n buy_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o which_o end_n the_o statute_n of_o champerty_n and_o maintenance_n may_v be_v qualify_v and_o the_o bill_n may_v be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o party_n or_o the_o lawful_a bearer_n or_o bringer_n thereof_o as_o be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n but_o because_o the_o strictness_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v require_v a_o great_a perfection_n of_o formal_a deed_n than_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o other_o country_n where_o plain_a and_o sincere_a deal_n have_v hitherto_o exclude_v non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la therefore_o be_v it_o requisite_a to_o have_v one_o general_a office_n for_o all_o notary_n and_o scrivener_n as_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n where_o every_o act_n bill_n or_o bond_n shall_v be_v register_v not_o only_o by_o the_o notary_n or_o scrve_v or_o that_o make_v the_o same_o but_o also_o by_o a_o prothonotary_n who_o shall_v keep_v register_n of_o all_o and_o where_o every_o thing_n shall_v be_v enroll_v upon_o a_o penalty_n a_o matter_n in_o reason_n as_o well_o belong_v to_o the_o chancery_n as_o the_o record_v of_o the_o deed_n of_o land_n statute_n and_o recognizance_n this_o will_v great_o ease_v the_o most_o honourable_a court_n of_o star-chamber_n of_o many_o suit_n which_o daily_o happen_v for_o forgery_n and_o otherwise_o and_o disburden_v also_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n of_o the_o like_a and_o final_o many_o protraction_n in_o law_n will_v be_v abrogate_a that_o now_o be_v use_v to_o the_o hurt_n both_o of_o the_o party_n plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n the_o second_o be_v that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o every_o principal_a town_n of_o a_o shire_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o will_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v money_n casual_o at_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o will_v deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o adventure_n of_o their_o life_n as_o at_o venice_n where_o a_o man_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pound_n once_o give_v shall_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v a_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n during_o his_o life_n whereby_o a_o great_a stock_n may_v be_v raise_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o party_n and_o especial_o to_o set_v poor_a people_n on_o work_n and_o by_o incorporate_n their_o manufacture_n and_o handiwork_n to_o sell_v the_o same_o afterward_o with_o a_o reasonable_a gain_n towards_o their_o adventure_n beside_o that_o experience_n have_v teach_v in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o like_a be_v use_v that_o the_o city_n become_v always_o a_o gainer_n by_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v deliver_v money_n in_o this_o nature_n the_o three_o mean_a to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v as_o before_o have_v be_v note_v the_o example_n of_o great_a personage_n in_o the_o wear_n of_o our_o commodity_n who_o the_o people_n will_v imitate_v and_o so_o the_o more_o use_v the_o more_o advance_v by_o the_o request_n thereof_o
abundance_n of_o silver_n it_o come_v to_o 224_o pound_n of_o copper_n for_o 1_o pound_n of_o silver_n &_o so_o be_v it_o take_v diverse_o in_o diverse_a country_n according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o one_o or_o other_o mettle_n upon_o all_o occasion_n the_o like_a shall_v we_o find_v touch_v the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o with_o we_o in_o england_n have_v continue_v for_o many_o year_n 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n or_o 11_o of_o standard_n silver_n to_o 1_o of_o crown_n gold_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v take_v according_a to_o our_o angel_n and_o crown_n gold_n suppose_v that_o other_o nation_n do_v hold_v these_o proportion_n follow_v the_o low-countries_n where_o they_o reckon_v two_o philip_n dollar_n for_o their_o golden_a royal_a or_o our_o angel_n make_v 11_o to_o 1_o if_o the_o toleration_n have_v not_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n in_o effect_n the_o royal_a be_v value_v at_o 16_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n flemish_n and_o the_o dollor_n 50_o stiver_n the_o pistolet_n of_o spain_n of_o 22_o cariats_n to_o 11_o rial_n of_o plate_n make_v 11_o to_o 1_o now_o but_o 10_o ¾_n but_o the_o overvaluation_n make_v great_a difference_n the_o french_a crown_n to_o three_o frankes_n be_v 11_o to_o 1_o when_o the_o crown_n be_v at_o 60_o sol_n which_o be_v now_o currant_n for_o 64_o and_o 65_o sol_n beside_o that_o at_o that_o time_n gold_n be_v by_o valuation_n at_o 74_o crown_n the_o mark_n of_o 8_o ounce_n and_o silver_n 6_o crown_n ⅓_n which_o be_v 11_o 13_o 19_o for_o one_o in_o germany_n one_o mark_n of_o silver_n at_o 8_o ½_o florin_n d'or_n be_v 11_o ⅔_n for_o one_o at_o rome_n 108_o carlins_n for_o 1_o pound_n of_o silver_n and_o 99_o ¼_n duckat_n the_o gold_n be_v 12_o to_o 1._o but_o by_o valuation_n or_o toleration_n be_v alter_v in_o all_o place_n they_o hold_v all_o either_o 12_o to_o 1_o or_o more_o beside_o that_o in_o most_o place_n their_o weight_n be_v inferior_a or_o less_o than_o we_o king_n darius_n do_v tax_v 13_o of_o silver_n for_o one_o of_o gold_n and_o plato_n make_v mention_n of_o 12_o to_o 1._o but_o if_o we_o will_v have_v a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o silver_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n yearly_a &_o proportionable_o the_o small_a quantity_n of_o gold_n &_o that_o for_o guild_v gold_n be_v more_o use_v than_o silver_n we_o shall_v by_o all_o mean_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o rather_o than_o to_o abate_v it_o and_o whereas_o some_o man_n natural_o incline_v to_o correct_v magnificat_fw-la seem_v to_o find_v fault_n with_o our_o former_a writing_n for_o say_v by_o way_n of_o interrogation_n that_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v receive_v beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o our_o gold_n after_o 12_o for_o 1_o we_o hold_v but_o 11_o for_o 1_o in_o proportion_n who_o see_v not_o a_o evident_a gain_n of_o 1_o in_o 11_o if_o the_o silver_n money_n do_v not_o countervail_v the_o same_o by_o way_n of_o toleration_n be_v receive_v far_o above_o their_o value_n beyond_o the_o sea_n we_o can_v omit_v to_o answer_v they_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v understand_v the_o truth_n imagine_v say_v they_o i_o have_v a_o ounce_n of_o gold_n here_o which_o cost_v i_o 11_o ounce_n of_o silver_n now_o if_o i_o do_v transport_v this_o ounce_n beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o they_o will_v give_v i_o 12_o ounce_n of_o silver_n in_o money_n for_o it_o but_o if_o i_o do_v bring_v over_o again_o that_o money_n here_o i_o shall_v have_v but_o 11_o ounce_n for_o it_o because_o there_o be_v no_o more_o silver_n in_o substance_n in_o it_o for_o the_o valuation_n thereof_o be_v make_v far_o above_o the_o value_n or_o é_fw-fr conuerso_fw-la if_o i_o bring_v over_o 12_o ounce_n of_o their_o silver_n money_n i_o shall_v have_v but_o 1_o ounce_n of_o gold_n for_o it_o or_o 11_o ounce_n of_o our_o silver_n ergo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o gain_n these_o argument_n be_v ground_v by_o surmise_n and_o draw_v of_o necessity_n as_o if_o we_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o exchange_n of_o gold_n for_o silver_n or_o silver_n for_o gold_n whereas_o it_o fall_v out_o thus_o one_o bring_v certain_a commodity_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o realm_n for_o to_o be_v vent_v and_o after_o sale_n make_v he_o do_v consider_v how_o to_o make_v return_n with_o his_o most_o advantage_n which_o he_o must_v either_o do_v by_o make_v employment_n upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n which_o do_v yield_v he_o so_o little_a gain_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v sell_v general_o too_o good_a cheap_a as_o he_o will_v buy_v none_o and_o then_o either_o he_o must_v carry_v away_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o deliver_v the_o same_o here_o by_o exchange_n unto_o other_o to_o be_v repay_v beyond_o the_o sea_n now_o if_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v low_a and_o will_v yield_v he_o not_o so_o much_o gain_v as_o the_o money_n will_v do_v be_v carry_v in_o specie_fw-la their_o money_n must_v be_v transport_v for_o the_o scope_n of_o merchant_n be_v gain_v whereupon_o he_o do_v consider_v that_o gold_n be_v more_o portable_a and_o better_a to_o be_v convey_v especial_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n take_v by_o valuation_n to_o hold_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o silver_n 12_o to_o 1_o which_o he_o enjoy_v in_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o not_o in_o receive_v again_o silver_n for_o it_o but_o in_o buy_v more_o commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o we_o exchange_v in_o effect_n from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o commodity_n for_o our_o gold_n as_o also_o for_o our_o silver_n a_o matter_n that_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o mint_n ought_v to_o look_v into_o for_o they_o know_v how_o to_o prevent_v it_o as_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o exchange_n touch_v those_o that_o will_v have_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n to_o be_v make_v felony_n by_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v heretofore_o thereby_o to_o hinder_v the_o exportation_n they_o be_v not_o well_o advise_v consider_v that_o such_o statute_n law_n be_v neglect_v and_o that_o informer_n do_v not_o regard_v to_o sue_v for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n but_o well_o for_o their_o good_n upon_o such_o penal_a statute_n if_o the_o money_n itself_o have_v so_o great_a a_o command_n can_v make_v way_n when_o it_o will_v depart_v a_o gain_n be_v offer_v which_o draw_v more_o forcible_o than_o the_o adamant_n stone_n to_o describe_v the_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o money_n which_o like_o a_o ocean_n devide_v her_o branch_n in_o all_o country_n be_v very_o difficult_a but_o we_o may_v well_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o silver_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n be_v transport_v into_o the_o east_n indies_n where_o diverse_a nation_n now_o traffic_v for_o spice_n cause_v the_o price_n thereof_o to_o rise_v in_o those_o country_n who_o buy_v dear_a must_v sell_v according_o or_o else_o prove_v to_o be_v small_a gainer_n as_o the_o sequel_n of_o that_o trade_n will_v manifest_v gold_n be_v chief_o exhaust_v in_o all_o country_n by_o the_o trade_n of_o silk_n which_o cause_v the_o frenchman_n to_o prohibit_v the_o bring_n in_o of_o any_o into_o france_n where_o diverse_a stuff_n of_o silk_n as_o velvet_n satin_n grograine_v and_o such_o like_a be_v make_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n touch_v the_o form_n of_o money_n whereunder_o we_o comprehend_v the_o stamp_n or_o figure_n let_v i_o commend_v unto_o you_o the_o ancient_a make_n of_o money_n by_o mill_n or_o engine_n when_o gold_n and_o silver_n begin_v much_o to_o abound_v among_o the_o greek_n latin_n persian_n and_o egyptian_n the_o use_n whereof_o do_v cease_v upon_o the_o decline_a of_o their_o government_n when_o gold_n and_o silver_n become_v so_o scarce_o that_o money_n be_v make_v so_o thin_a that_o with_o the_o hammer_n they_o be_v stamp_v or_o coin_a great_a be_v the_o commodity_n that_o will_v arise_v thereby_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n beside_o the_o charge_n which_o prince_n may_v save_v and_o the_o facility_n and_o expedition_n in_o the_o make_n exact_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n fair_a and_o round_a more_o certain_a in_o weight_n and_o without_o crack_n or_o flaw_n and_o the_o stamp_n or_o figure_n of_o long_a continuance_n then_o that_o which_o be_v make_v with_o the_o hammer_n with_o a_o great_a noise_n by_o the_o roundness_n and_o fairness_n be_v clip_v prevent_v which_o in_o piece_n proportionate_a and_o of_o a_o fair_a impression_n be_v easy_o discern_v by_o the_o certainty_n in_o weight_n when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v weigh_v one_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o be_v colour_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v use_v to_o cull_v out_o the_o heavy_a one_o for_o their_o
be_v no_o more_o gold_n give_v in_o substance_n then_o heretofore_o and_o consequent_o the_o velvet_n be_v not_o now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v then_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n his_o successor_n in_o the_o year_n 1350_o the_o price_n of_o a_o measure_n of_o wine_n be_v indifferent_o take_v be_v at_o 4_o liver_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n and_o in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o golden_a franc_n coin_a and_o value_v at_o 20_o sol_n or_o 2_o shilling_n and_o so_o 4_o frank_v be_v 4_o liver_n the_o say_a measure_n of_o wine_n be_v now_o worth_a 12_o liver_n or_o 24_o shilling_n and_o the_o say_v frank_a of_o gold_n be_v value_v at_o 60_o sol_n or_o 6_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o frank_n value_v now_o at_o three_o time_n the_o value_n will_v pay_v these_o 12_o liver_n or_o 24_o shilling_n and_o yet_o the_o say_a frank_n do_v not_o now_o contain_v any_o more_o gold_n in_o substance_n than_o they_o do_v then_o proceed_v to_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n he_o take_v his_o beginning_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n saint_n lewis_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 1227_o and_o cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_n 12_o denier_n tournois_fw-fr which_o be_v as_o he_o say_v of_o fine_a silver_n and_o there_o go_v 64_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n the_o sol_n call_v douzain_n of_o late_a year_n coin_a by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o and_o now_o currant_n be_v of_o three_o ounce_n and_o one_o half_a fine_a and_o of_o 93½_n piece_n to_o the_o mark_n which_o account_v to_o the_o mark_v fine_a silver_n be_v 320_o which_o be_v five_o time_n 64_o piece_n which_o be_v in_o king_n lewis_n his_o time_n so_o that_o one_o of_o those_o sol_n of_o his_o time_n do_v make_v five_o of_o the_o sol_n make_v now_o and_o consequent_o the_o twenty_o sol_n now_o be_v worth_a but_o 4_o of_o the_o sol_n then_o and_o the_o 25_o liver_n 5_o liver_n the_o hundred_o liver_n twenty_o and_o so_o more_o or_o less_o according_o now_o when_o we_o pay_v for_o one_o yard_n of_o velvet_n 10_o liver_n or_o 20_o shilling_n starling_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 2_o liver_n or_o 40_o sol_n which_o be_v two_o shilling_n starling_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o velvet_n in_o saint_n lewis_n his_o time_n the_o ell_n of_o cloth_n which_o now_o be_v sell_v for_o 100_o sol_n or_o 10_o shilling_n starling_n be_v no_o more_o than_o twenty_o sol_n or_o two_o shilling_n starling_n in_o those_o day_n the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v now_o 500_o liver_n by_o the_o year_n to_o spend_v have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o that_o have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n to_o spend_v in_o those_o day_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n he_o proceed_v for_o corn_n wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v but_o imaginary_a and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a opinion_n of_o man_n without_o any_o substance_n of_o truth_n that_o thing_n shall_v be_v dear_a now_o then_o in_o those_o day_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n for_o the_o same_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v it_o this_o say_v master_n malestroit_n be_v a_o old_a and_o common_a error_n root_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n that_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mark_n and_o without_o their_o reckon_n as_o he_o will_v manifest_v by_o the_o same_o term_n of_o his_o former_a paradox_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n the_o french_a crown_n aforesaid_a be_v worth_a but_o 20_o sol_n which_o be_v now_o currant_n for_o fifty_o sol_n at_o the_o least_o the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v fifty_o sol_n rend_v or_o income_n do_v receive_v for_o it_o two_o crown_n and_o a_o half_a or_o so_o much_o in_o silver_n according_o for_o which_o two_o crown_n and_o a_o half_a he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 4_o liver_n the_o yard_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o velvet_n then_o now_o for_o this_o 50_o sol_n the_o gentleman_n do_v receive_v but_o one_o crown_n or_o so_o much_o of_o silver_n money_n and_o for_o that_o one_o crown_n he_o can_v buy_v now_o but_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o liver_n that_o velvet_n be_v now_o worth_a whereas_o before_o he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n whereby_o he_o lose_v then_o one_o quarter_n and_o one_o half_a quarter_n of_o velvet_n upon_o his_o crown_n although_o he_o have_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n for_o 50_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o price_n for_o which_o he_o receive_v the_o say_a crown_n and_o so_o proceed_v with_o other_o the_o like_a example_n then_o for_o the_o silver_n money_n the_o gentleman_n say_v he_o who_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n lewis_n have_v 16_o liver_n of_o rent_n or_o income_n do_v receive_v for_o the_o say_v 16_o liver_n five_o mark_n of_o fine_a silver_n or_o in_o gold_n according_o for_o as_o by_o the_o first_o paradox_n be_v declare_v the_o mark_n of_o fine_a silver_n do_v contain_v 64_o piece_n or_o sol_n now_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o this_o rent_n of_o 16_o liver_n he_o shall_v receive_v 320_o piece_n or_o sol_n which_o do_v contain_v but_o one_o mark_n of_o fine_a silver_n which_o be_v but_o the_o five_o part_n of_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o 16_o liver_n of_o king_n lewis_n in_o those_o day_n 16_o else_o of_o cloth_n will_v have_v be_v have_v for_o those_o 16_o liver_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 20_o sol_n the_o ell_n as_o good_a cloth_n &_o better_o than_o that_o which_o do_v now_o cost_v 100_o sol_n whereof_o you_o shall_v have_v now_o but_o 3_o else_o ⅕_n for_o your_o 16_o liver_n so_o that_o you_o shall_v lose_v 12_o else_o ⅘_n of_o cloth_n upon_o 16_o liver_n albeit_o you_o have_v give_v in_o payment_n every_o liver_n for_o 20_o sol_n at_o which_o price_n you_o have_v receive_v the_o same_o which_o he_o do_v also_o amplify_v with_o other_o example_n add_v thereunto_o further_o that_o if_o any_o man_n will_v object_v &_o say_v i_o care_v not_o what_o the_o crown_n liver_n or_o sol_n be_v worth_a so_o as_o i_o have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n of_o rent_n i_o may_v have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n pay_v i_o and_o that_o i_o can_v pay_v out_o again_o the_o say_v hundred_o liver_n this_o man_n say_v he_o must_v then_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o can_v now_o have_v as_o much_o ware_n for_o two_o sol_n which_o be_v now_o almost_o all_o of_o copper_n as_o he_o can_v have_v have_v in_o time_n pass_v for_o two_o sol_n which_o be_v of_o fine_a silver_n and_o in_o do_v so_o he_o shall_v make_v a_o three_o paradox_n more_o strange_a than_o the_o former_a for_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v become_v better_a cheap_a which_o can_v be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v still_o with_o the_o former_a first_o paradox_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a the_o substance_n and_o intention_n of_o these_o two_o paradox_n be_v say_v he_o to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n do_v now_o buy_v all_o thing_n as_o dear_a as_o in_o time_n past_a for_o that_o they_o must_v give_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o by_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n from_o whence_o of_o necessity_n proceed_v the_o embase_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n the_o king_n do_v not_o receive_v in_o payment_n of_o his_o revenue_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o his_o predecessor_n in_o like_a sort_n nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n the_o king_n subject_n that_o have_v great_a incom_n do_v not_o receive_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n be_v in_o copper_n in_o lieu_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o which_o copper_n according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n they_o can_v have_v so_o much_o ware_n as_o they_o may_v have_v for_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n so_o that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o think_v to_o have_v by_o the_o grow_a dear_a of_o all_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v whereby_o we_o see_v manifest_o that_o the_o more_o we_o do_v enhance_v the_o price_n of_o money_n the_o more_o we_o lose_v for_o thereby_o come_v the_o great_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o which_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o this_o realm_n the_o
come_v to_o perfection_n yet_o other_o nation_n do_v not_o regard_v at_o what_o price_n soever_o they_o buy_v they_o and_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v many_o time_n that_o salt_n be_v better_a cheap_a in_o england_n scotland_n and_o flaunders_n then_o in_o france_n neither_o can_v other_o nation_n take_v offence_n if_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o these_o commodity_n for_o they_o have_v do_v the_o like_a upon_o diverse_a commodity_n of_o their_o own_o and_o so_o he_o conclude_v that_o by_o these_o mean_n there_o will_v be_v the_o less_o transport_v and_o so_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n qualify_v by_o great_a store_n remain_v within_o the_o land_n another_o remedy_n against_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n especial_o of_o victual_n be_v to_o restore_v the_o use_n of_o fish_n to_o his_o ancient_a credit_n by_o mean_n whereof_o beef_n mutton_n foul_a &_o all_o such_o kind_n of_o flesh_n will_v become_v better_a cheap_a show_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o commodious_a situation_n of_o france_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o river_n within_o their_o dominion_n and_o so_o with_o galen_n he_o do_v prefer_v fish_n before_o flesh_n for_o that_o fish_n be_v more_o wholesome_a and_o be_v never_o unsound_a as_o the_o pork_n and_o hare_n nor_o scurvy_a as_o the_o sheep_n nor_o lousy_a as_o the_o buck_n neither_o subject_n to_o diverse_a disease_n as_o beast_n be_v neither_o have_v god_n create_v four_o hundred_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n which_o do_v not_o cost_v any_o thing_n to_o feed_v in_o vain_a be_v almost_o all_o fit_a for_o meat_n whereas_o there_o be_v not_o 40_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o foul_a fit_a for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o man_n but_o to_o eat_v flesh_n and_o fish_n together_o be_v very_o unwholesome_a and_o hereupon_o he_o show_v in_o what_o great_a estimation_n fish_n be_v in_o time_n past_a and_o that_o the_o principal_a banquet_n be_v make_v of_o fish_n as_o that_o of_o caligula_n which_o do_v continue_v six_o month_n who_o make_v all_o the_o mediterrane_n sea_n to_o be_v fish_v and_o but_o for_o variety_n foul_a and_o other_o meat_n be_v use_v with_o it_o the_o coast_n of_o picardy_n where_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o sandy_a ground_n say_v he_o there_o the_o fish_n be_v flat_a the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n &_o guienne_n which_o be_v stony_a bring_v forth_o the_o rockefish_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v slimy_a yield_v the_o round_a fish_n as_o lampray_n conger_n &_o such_o like_a and_o yet_o man_n know_v not_o from_o whence_o at_o one_o season_n do_v come_v the_o infinite_a million_o of_o herring_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n and_o england_n pilcheard_n about_o galisiea_n and_o whale_n and_o other_o fish_n in_o new-found_a land_n and_o other_o sea_n commend_v hereupon_o our_o custom_n of_o england_n where_o man_n be_v constrain_v say_v he_o to_o observe_v fish-day_n in_o the_o week_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o beast_n and_o fowl_n the_o only_a mean_a to_o bring_v this_o to_o pass_v be_v the_o example_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n who_o the_o people_n will_v imitate_v adrian_n a_o hollander_n be_v of_o a_o poor_a scholar_n make_v pope_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o his_o disciple_n and_o because_o he_o do_v love_n to_o feed_v upon_o hake-fish_n present_o all_o the_o courtier_n and_o his_o follower_n to_o please_v he_o do_v the_o like_a and_o the_o people_n also_o so_o that_o nothing_o be_v dearer_o at_o rome_n then_o hake_v fish_n the_o example_n therefore_o be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n which_o inferior_a man_n do_v follow_v of_o their_o superior_n then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o last_o point_n which_o may_v hold_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n in_o a_o certain_a equality_n namely_o certainty_n and_o equality_n of_o money_n which_o for_o the_o time_n must_v not_o be_v mutable_a or_o incertain_a for_o if_o it_o be_v no_o man_n can_v make_v a_o estate_n certain_a the_o contract_n will_v be_v uncertain_a the_o rent_n charge_n tax_n wage_n pension_n penalty_n custom_n and_o imposition_n and_o all_o thing_n else_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n will_v be_v uncertain_a whereas_o the_o prince_n say_v he_o must_v be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o avoid_v embase_v and_o counterfeit_v and_o then_o he_o discourse_v of_o some_o ancient_a money_n and_o weight_n use_v by_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o the_o property_n and_o diversity_n of_o metal_n and_o of_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n in_o france_n together_o with_o their_o fineness_n proportion_n &_o valuation_n which_o for_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o do_v pass_v over_o albeit_o i_o mean_v to_o touch_v in_o part_n hereafter_o this_o be_v the_o substance_n and_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n unto_o these_o paradox_n which_o he_o have_v dedicate_v unto_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o french_a king_n parliament_n for_o to_o encourage_v all_o they_o say_v he_o that_o wish_v well_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o continue_v in_o the_o study_n of_o so_o good_a a_o subject_n to_o the_o end_n that_o prince_n which_o have_v the_o power_n to_o command_v together_o with_o those_o that_o do_v give_v they_o counsel_n may_v be_v more_o resolve_v in_o those_o thing_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n &_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n when_o they_o shall_v understand_v the_o just_a complaint_n and_o grief_n of_o the_o poor_a people_n which_o do_v feel_v the_o smart_n but_o can_v for_o the_o most_o part_n judge_v of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o those_o that_o have_v some_o judgement_n can_v have_v audience_n or_o mean_n to_o make_v it_o know_v but_o by_o write_n unto_o those_o that_o can_v easy_o remedy_v the_o same_o but_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v according_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o deep_a judgement_n in_o other_o matter_n consider_v of_o these_o two_o paradox_n he_o will_v have_v make_v a_o direct_a answer_n thereunto_o before_o he_o will_v have_v proceed_v in_o his_o discourse_n before_o allege_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v consider_v of_o with_o the_o second_o will_v show_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n or_o contrariety_n for_o the_o first_o do_v consist_v in_o give_v of_o more_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n now_o then_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o deny_v and_o the_o second_o in_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o then_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o affirm_v which_o both_o way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o nature_n of_o permutation_n now_o if_o we_o do_v not_o give_v more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n then_o in_o time_n past_a how_o can_v we_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o thereby_o receive_v a_o loss_n as_o in_o the_o second_o paradox_n be_v allege_v again_o if_o we_o do_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o in_o time_n past_a according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n whereby_o we_o sustain_v a_o loss_n how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a for_o that_o we_o give_v no_o more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n then_o in_o time_n past_a the_o explanation_n of_o his_o intention_n touch_v these_o 2_o paradox_n be_v more_o absurd_a consider_v the_o premise_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n do_v now_o buy_v all_o thing_n as_o dear_a as_o in_o time_n past_a by_o give_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n for_o it_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n and_o other_o his_o subject_n do_v receive_v the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n proportionable_o for_o their_o revenue_n and_o not_o a_o payment_n of_o copper_n in_o lieu_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o he_o say_v consider_v the_o course_n of_o money_n be_v all_o alike_o between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o subject_n but_o if_o we_o will_v take_v his_o meaning_n to_o be_v that_o he_o have_v except_v the_o crown_n land_n and_o income_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o revenue_n of_o nobleman_n &_o other_o whereof_o the_o price_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v be_v not_o alter_v with_o they_o like_v as_o the_o crown_n land_n with_o we_o which_o be_v at_o the_o ancient_a rent_n when_o silver_n be_v at_o twenty_o penny_n a_o ounce_n which_o ounce_n be_v now_o esteem_v five_o shilling_n how_o can_v this_o construction_n be_v admit_v consider_v that_o he_o do_v conclude_v again_o in_o general_a word_n that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o think_v to_o have_v by_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v which_o be_v by_o enhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o money_n say_v he_o which_o be_v the_o
the_o realm_n be_v convert_v into_o money_n as_o well_o as_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o money_n before_o that_o time_n m._n bodine_n do_v show_v by_o diverse_a example_n that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o silver_n &_o gold_n in_o time_n past_o 300_o year_n ago_o as_o there_o be_v now_o he_o may_v well_o have_v say_v in_o 100_o year_n and_o less_o howbeit_o this_o general_a examination_n be_v to_o small_a purpose_n for_o every_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o make_v a_o particular_a examination_n whether_o they_o do_v proportionable_o participate_v of_o the_o general_a abundance_n or_o plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n find_v now_o adays_o and_o not_o by_o compare_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o quantity_n of_o time_n past_a for_o so_o shall_v they_o be_v deceive_v and_o we_o need_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v now_o more_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o in_o time_n past_a for_o it_o be_v clear_a in_o every_o man_n judgement_n and_o even_o of_o very_o late_a year_n we_o find_v record_v in_o our_o chronicle_n of_o england_n that_o during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o most_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o a_o parliament_n then_o hold_v the_o whole_a substance_n of_o london_n be_v not_o take_v to_o be_v worth_a 20_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n this_o city_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o realm_n where_o the_o wealth_n be_v heap_v up_o as_o the_o corn_n of_o a_o field_n into_o a_o barn_n and_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v upon_o the_o demand_n of_o a_o subsidy_n of_o four_o shilling_n of_o the_o pound_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o same_o demand_n amount_v to_o 800_o thousand_o pound_n be_v more_o than_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n and_o plate_n of_o the_o realm_n come_v unto_o which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o yet_o do_v amount_v but_o to_o about_o one_o hundred_o mark_n a_o parish_n not_o reckon_v so_o many_o parish_n as_o machiavelli_n have_v do_v but_o only_o about_o 12_o thousand_o in_o the_o whole_a realm_n the_o spacious_a country_n of_o france_n contain_v but_o 27400_o parish_n which_o ready_a money_n and_o plate_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v be_v now_o adays_o find_v far_o differ_v and_o much_o more_o and_o yet_o not_o proportionable_a to_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n find_v in_o other_o country_n and_o as_o we_o may_v see_v that_o master_n bodine_n have_v note_v of_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n and_o of_o the_o many_o million_o which_o have_v come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n whereby_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v store_v with_o sufficient_a treasure_n and_o wealth_n for_o as_o he_o call_v their_o salt_n to_o be_v a_o manna_n so_o may_v we_o call_v our_o cloth_n lead_v &_o tin_n which_o be_v our_o staple_n commodity_n most_o necessary_a for_o the_o behoof_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o ought_v this_o with_o we_o to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o in_o the_o second_o cause_n which_o master_n bodine_n note_v to_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n we_o be_v not_o proportionable_o inferior_a unto_o they_o as_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o diverse_a cause_n namely_o first_o for_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o clergy_n second_o by_o the_o people_n drive_v into_o the_o realm_n for_o religion_n by_o the_o war_n of_o other_o country_n three_o the_o seldom_o plague_n or_o mortality_n four_o the_o seldom_o famine_n five_o the_o small_a war_n of_o country_n adjacent_a or_o foreign_a war_n have_v have_v no_o civil_a war_n at_o home_n and_o sixth_o the_o untimely_a marriage_n of_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n now_o adays_o whereby_o colony_n may_v be_v spare_v for_o the_o inhabit_v of_o other_o dominion_n as_o heretofore_o be_v once_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o three_o cause_n concern_v the_o trade_n for_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n be_v not_o only_o common_a with_o we_o for_o those_o country_n but_o also_o with_o diverse_a other_o country_n where_o the_o french_a man_n have_v no_o trade_n at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o their_o bank_n of_o money_n they_o will_v rather_o be_v prejudicial_a and_o impoverish_v the_o realm_n as_o they_o be_v use_v then_o do_v any_o good_a as_o be_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o our_o treatise_n of_o exchange_n which_o other_o nation_n will_v find_v in_o time_n and_o most_o especial_o prince_n that_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v they_o and_o may_v well_o avoid_v they_o if_o a_o due_a care_n be_v have_v for_o the_o accumulate_a of_o a_o stand_n and_o yet_o a_o run_a treasure_n within_o such_o bound_n as_o will_v still_o ebb_v and_o flow_v for_o the_o good_a of_o prince_n and_o their_o commonwealth_n concern_v monopoly_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o master_n bodine_n do_v with_o such_o brevity_n pass_v over_o they_o show_v only_o what_o he_o mean_v thereby_o according_a to_o the_o etymology_n true_a sense_n and_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n when_o merchant_n artificer_n or_o labourer_n do_v assemble_v themselves_o to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o commodity_n which_o one_o man_n alone_o may_v also_o count_v when_o he_o buy_v up_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o one_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n to_o the_o end_n he_o alone_o may_v sell_v the_o same_o at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o engross_a forestalling_a or_o incorporate_n of_o any_o commodity_n or_o victual_n be_v intolerable_a in_o any_o commonwealth_n unless_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o those_o commodity_n will_v decay_v if_o a_o kind_n of_o incorporation_n be_v not_o use_v for_o when_o the_o common-people_n do_v buy_v general_o thing_n dear_a they_o can_v general_o also_o sell_v their_o commodity_n there_o according_o but_o when_o some_o particular_a thing_n be_v dear_a they_o can_v do_v so_o now_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o all_o monopoly_n be_v to_o make_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n dear_a so_o must_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n in_o this_o regard_n be_v consider_v between_o our_o home_n commodity_n &_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a which_o if_o we_o will_v but_o examine_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o 50_o year_n that_o our_o money_n have_v be_v without_o alteration_n as_o be_v before_o express_v we_o shall_v easy_o procure_v the_o great_a error_n or_o malice_n of_o those_o that_o do_v accuse_v the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n to_o be_v a_o monopoly_n which_o false_a imputation_n may_v be_v reprove_v by_o by_o this_o only_a that_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v dear_a than_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o be_v not_o rise_v in_o price_n according_o &_o yet_o of_o late_a year_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n amend_v in_o the_o make_n &_o the_o other_o impair_v and_o one_o sort_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v at_o one_o time_n beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o 2_o 3_o 4_o or_o more_o pound_n differ_v in_o a_o pack_n one_o from_o another_o neither_o have_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n only_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o diverse_a other_o company_n of_o merchant_n be_v privilege_v and_o do_v transport_v great_a quantity_n of_o clothes_n into_o foreign_a part_n as_o well_o as_o they_o and_o it_o be_v free_a for_o all_o stranger_n that_o be_v in_o league_n with_o her_o majesty_n to_o buy_v cloth_n &_o to_o transport_v the_o same_o at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o reason_n do_v concern_v the_o effect_n of_o monopoly_n whereas_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o traffic_n whereby_o every_o man_n trade_v particular_o and_o apart_o with_o his_o own_o stock_n sell_v by_o his_o own_o factor_n or_o servant_n with_o diverse_a other_o reason_n we_o will_v refer_v ourselves_o to_o that_o which_o their_o secretary_n have_v write_v of_o late_a in_o defence_n of_o their_o good_a order_n and_o constitution_n conclude_v that_o as_o their_o trade_n be_v the_o most_o important_a and_o as_o in_o all_o trafficke_v the_o universal_a do_v govern_v the_o particular_a so_o the_o dissolution_n of_o that_o society_n will_v be_v the_o undo_n of_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o bring_v a_o great_a confusion_n to_o the_o realm_n for_o albeit_o that_o some_o will_v have_v other_o nation_n to_o come_v and_o buy_v the_o commodity_n of_o we_o within_o the_o realm_n for_o say_v they_o there_o be_v according_a to_o the_o proverb_n twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o difference_n between_o will_n you_o buy_v and_o will_v you_o sell_v these_o man_n have_v no_o consideration_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n which_o be_v the_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o defence_n next_o under_o god_n consist_v most_o in_o ship_n and_o well_o experience_a mariner_n that_o most_o careful_o be_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o whereas_o also_o the_o transport_v of_o our_o cloth_n to_o certain_a place_n do_v cause_n other_o nation_n to_o resort_v thither_o to_o buy_v they_o which_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v to_o be_v will_v you_o
sell_v see_v that_o those_o nation_n do_v bring_v their_o own_o commodity_n unto_o our_o merchant_n to_o the_o place_n by_o they_o appoint_v which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o much_o as_o will_v you_o buy_v and_o will_v not_o this_o be_v will_n you_o buy_v if_o in_o a_o disperse_a and_o straggle_a manner_n our_o cloth_n be_v carry_v to_o all_o market_n be_v yond_o the_o sea_n in_o several_a place_n which_o will_v take_v away_o the_o desire_n of_o buy_v for_o he_o that_o buy_v do_v it_o in_o hope_n of_o sale_n with_o a_o gain_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o intend_v to_o carry_v the_o commodity_n which_o commodity_n if_o he_o know_v to_o be_v extant_a in_o most_o place_n to_o be_v vent_v will_v quench_v his_o desire_n of_o buy_v and_o he_o that_o come_v to_o barter_n other_o commodity_n for_o we_o have_v also_o the_o like_a consideration_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o our_o cloth_n will_v be_v advance_v in_o price_n when_o man_n shall_v by_o multitude_n run_v to_o the_o market_n or_o into_o the_o country_n in_o all_o place_n to_o buy_v it_o what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n of_o it_o it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o small_a gain_n and_o many_o time_n to_o loss_n we_o be_v natural_o incline_v to_o make_v speedy_a return_n but_o we_o shall_v also_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o we_o shall_v obtain_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o for_o the_o bill_n obligatorie_n of_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o we_o shall_v sell_v our_o cloth_n and_o if_o our_o merchant_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o other_o nation_n shall_v buy_v the_o cloth_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v most_o common_o in_o france_n and_o spain_n at_o the_o vintage_n time_n with_o their_o wine_n and_o raisin_n then_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v be_v sell_v dear_a unto_o we_o by_o they_o again_o for_o the_o small_a gain_n have_v upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n cause_v we_o and_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o seek_v a_o better_a gain_n upon_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o the_o general_a hurt_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o the_o exhaust_v of_o our_o money_n which_o to_o balance_v the_o matter_n must_v supply_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o cloth_n in_o this_o manner_n will_v be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a gain_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o end_n a_o exceed_a loss_n to_o the_o general_a commonwealth_n who_o welfare_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o any_o member_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o labourer_n and_o workmen_n wage_n be_v augment_v although_o our_o cloth_n shall_v cost_v so_o much_o the_o dear_a as_o we_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o and_o that_o with_o great_a regard_n the_o poor_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o by_o way_n of_o corporation_n their_o handiwork_n be_v vent_v which_o without_o incur_v the_o compass_n of_o monopoly_n be_v very_o commendable_a in_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o use_v in_o many_o country_n last_o that_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n be_v due_o execute_v the_o three_o cause_n say_v master_n bodine_n be_v the_o want_n of_o thing_n proceed_v of_o the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o thing_n or_o by_o the_o waist_n thereof_o touch_v the_o trade_n of_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o may_v well_o pass_v over_o as_o he_o do_v and_o make_v only_o our_o stay_n with_o the_o trade_n for_o corn_n which_o if_o it_o be_v guide_v with_o that_o due_a consideration_n both_o for_o preservation_n and_o transportation_n as_o be_v requisite_a will_v make_v plain_a the_o proverb_n france_n can_v be_v famish_v to_o be_v more_o incident_a and_o proper_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n then_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n because_o that_o proportionable_o we_o have_v more_o fertile_a ground_n for_o corn_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o france_n have_v but_o in_o some_o place_n for_o those_o country_n where_o the_o vine_n do_v grow_v be_v unapt_a for_o corn_n and_o must_v have_v their_o provision_n from_o the_o country_n adjacent_a and_o many_o time_n out_o of_o england_n when_o our_o corn_n be_v thither_o transport_v be_v with_o we_o too_o good_a cheap_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o comparison_n whereof_o be_v make_v and_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o corn_n regard_v will_v make_v manifest_a that_o to_o sell_v our_o wheat_n for_o thirty_o shilling_n the_o quarter_n and_o other_o grain_n after_o the_o rate_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n notwithstanding_o may_v impose_v a_o great_a custom_n or_o licence_n for_o the_o transportation_n thereof_o which_o transportation_n may_v be_v do_v moderate_o and_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n extant_a and_o for_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v convenient_o be_v spare_v if_o the_o magistrate_n and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n have_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o market_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o venetian_n have_v who_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o every_o province_n do_v know_v little_a more_o or_o less_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n in_o all_o place_n whereupon_o certain_a substantial_a man_n be_v appoint_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o have_v a_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n or_o scarcity_n thereof_o which_o quantity_n be_v know_v and_o in_o what_o place_n may_v be_v a_o direction_n to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n to_o consider_v what_o the_o realm_n may_v spare_v have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o make_v the_o price_n according_o and_o when_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n be_v limit_v and_o make_v know_v in_o write_v in_o certain_a public_a place_n on_o every_o monday_n of_o the_o week_n all_o engrosser_n forestaller_n or_o other_o that_o buy_v corn_n to_o sell_v again_o be_v prevent_v because_o that_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o power_n but_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o those_o honest_a man_n rate_v at_o all_o time_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o as_o the_o harvest_n be_v distant_a or_o at_o hand_n which_o be_v so_o notify_v unto_o all_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a whereby_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o love_n of_o bread_n be_v due_o observe_v without_o any_o trouble_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o baker_n know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o love_n and_o of_o what_o weight_n deliver_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o true_a weight_n by_o those_o man_n appoint_v unto_o any_o man_n that_o do_v call_v for_o it_o which_o the_o poor_a do_v so_o well_o observe_v for_o that_o his_o indigence_n give_v he_o cause_n that_o without_o trouble_v any_o officer_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v his_o pennyworth_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v find_v it_o want_v of_o his_o weight_n present_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o officer_n as_o it_o be_v the_o constable_n he_o do_v seize_v upon_o all_o the_o baker_n bread_n then_o extant_a and_o take_v the_o one_o moiety_n for_o he_o and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o hospital_n and_o who_o will_v buy_v corn_n to_o sell_v again_o be_v debar_v not_o to_o sell_v at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o with_o gain_n and_o uncertain_a what_o the_o price_n will_v be_v make_v by_o other_o and_o what_o baker_n be_v he_o that_o will_v make_v his_o loaf_n of_o a_o lesser_a weight_n when_o he_o must_v sell_v they_o by_o weight_n as_o aforesaid_a by_o these_o mean_n be_v corn_n bring_v to_o the_o market_n and_o none_o may_v be_v sell_v but_o in_o the_o market_n and_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o what_o be_v by_o licence_n transport_v be_v do_v upon_o due_a knowledge_n and_o without_o defraud_v the_o prince_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o have_v many_o storehouse_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o principal_a town_n be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o corn_n which_o when_o need_n require_v may_v be_v provide_v from_o foreign_a country_n when_o the_o unseasonable_a time_n cause_v we_o to_o have_v scarcity_n or_o want_n thereof_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o industry_n and_o care_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n in_o wear_v and_o waste_v by_o cut_v and_o put_v into_o several_a strange_a new_a fangle_a fashion_n we_o do_v refer_v the_o examination_n thereof_o unto_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n to_o reprehend_v man_n of_o their_o action_n wish_v reformation_n where_o thing_n be_v amiss_o and_o albeit_o that_o gay_a and_o sumptuous_a apparel_n be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o pride_n yet_o a_o country_n clown_n may_v be_v as_o proud_a in_o a_o freeze_n coat_n as_o a_o gentleman_n in_o a_o velvet_n
wherein_o the_o example_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v predominant_a but_o leave_v the_o matter_n of_o commodity_n let_v we_o come_v to_o entreat_v of_o money_n money_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o every_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v must_v therefore_o have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o a_o matter_n annex_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n for_o they_o be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o their_o subject_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o measure_n of_o thing_n namely_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v falsify_v by_o make_v the_o same_o general_o more_o or_o less_o whereby_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v become_v incertain_a if_o private_a man_n be_v suffer_v to_o have_v the_o handle_n thereof_o therefore_o be_v prince_n so_o careful_a to_o observe_v a_o certainty_n and_o equality_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n howbeit_o that_o the_o due_a regard_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v between_o their_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v by_o some_o less_o regard_v than_o the_o course_n thereof_o within_o their_o own_o dominion_n be_v of_o less_o importance_n have_v some_o base_a money_n currant_n with_o the_o good_a the_o price_n of_o money_n become_v incertain_a in_o particular_a when_o private_a man_n will_v give_v or_o receive_v any_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la above_o the_o price_n of_o their_o valuation_n impose_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n whereby_o every_o man_n undertake_v to_o advance_v still_o the_o price_n according_a as_o he_o see_v occasion_n to_o advance_v his_o gain_n by_o the_o necessity_n or_o use_n of_o another_o man_n that_o have_v cause_n to_o employ_v the_o money_n the_o use_n hereof_o be_v in_o many_o country_n severe_o prohibit_v and_o yet_o another_o way_n in_o a_o manner_n suffer_v for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o commonweal_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o mint_n matter_n do_v very_o well_o know_v the_o price_n of_o money_n in_o general_n become_v incertain_a when_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v whereby_o one_o hundred_o pound_n be_v esteem_v and_o value_v in_o regard_n of_o time_n to_o be_v worth_a one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n and_o in_o some_o other_o country_n more_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commodity_n be_v sell_v according_o when_o day_n be_v first_o give_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o every_o man_n suppose_v that_o he_o can_v make_v so_o much_o of_o his_o money_n which_o do_v proceed_v of_o his_o commodity_n this_o course_n be_v tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n make_v we_o to_o forbear_v to_o speak_v hereof_o spare_o because_o policy_n do_v think_v that_o thereby_o great_a evil_n be_v avoid_v which_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o operation_n and_o effect_n of_o usury_n write_v allegorical_o by_o i_o in_o another_o treatise_n may_v be_v balance_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a only_o to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o ignorance_n merchant_n and_o other_o may_v not_o fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n we_o have_v think_v good_a to_o give_v they_o this_o caveat_n and_o to_o make_v they_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o definition_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o toleration_n of_o that_o statute_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o some_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o charge_v the_o maker_n thereof_o with_o a_o great_a absurdity_n for_o say_v they_o the_o statute_n give_v ability_n for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v one_o way_n ten_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n or_o more_o for_o the_o use_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o two_o year_n and_o another_o way_n he_o can_v take_v ten_o pound_n five_o shilling_n and_o less_o for_o one_o year_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n that_o time_n be_v proper_o the_o judge_n hereof_o and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v the_o statute_n without_o the_o limitation_n of_o a_o time_n certain_a they_o will_v not_o find_v any_o absurdity_n therein_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v it_o otherwise_o more_o certain_a the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n none_o may_v have_v receive_v accept_v or_o take_v for_o the_o lend_n or_o forbear_v of_o his_o or_o their_o money_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n or_o for_o a_o long_o or_o a_o short_a time_n or_o for_o a_o more_o or_o less_o sum_n above_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pound_n pro_fw-la 100_o yearly_a 37._o h._n 8._o and_o this_o statute_n to_o be_v most_o strong_o &_o strict_o construe_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o all_o usury_n both_o direct_o and_o indirect_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o of_o her_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n to_o make_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o of_o necessity_n time_n be_v herein_o efficient_a and_o active_a and_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o positive_a and_o passive_a let_v we_o suppose_v that_o you_o do_v deliver_v at_o interest_n one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o you_o may_v lawful_o receive_v at_o the_o three_o month_n end_n two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n for_o your_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o hundred_o pound_n again_o for_o other_o three_o month_n by_o a_o new_a contract_n or_o agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v again_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n continue_v in_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n by_o four_o several_a agreement_n whereby_o you_o do_v receive_v three_o part_n of_o your_o interest_n at_o several_a time_n within_o the_o year_n which_o interest_n you_o may_v put_v out_o also_o to_o usury_n and_o so_o take_v above_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o without_o incur_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n because_o your_o agreement_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n which_o you_o do_v receive_v and_o that_o which_o before_o be_v another_o be_v thereby_o become_v you_o and_o thereof_o you_o may_v lawful_o dispose_v again_o but_o if_o you_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o pound_n from_o the_o begin_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n than_o you_o can_v have_v but_o 10_o pound_n interest_n for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o year_n end_v with_o your_o principal_n for_o the_o property_n of_o the_o 10_o pound_n be_v not_o till_o then_o alter_v by_o your_o agreement_n thus_o be_v it_o with_o money_n deliver_v for_o a_o short_a time_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v it_o for_o money_n deliver_v out_o for_o a_o long_a time_n as_o for_o example_n one_o deliver_v out_o a_o 100_o pound_n for_o four_o year_n for_o the_o which_o at_o the_o four_o year_n end_n he_o can_v receive_v but_o 140_o pound_n but_o if_o he_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n he_o may_v at_o the_o year_n end_v receive_v 10_o pound_n for_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o 100_o pound_n again_o for_o the_o second_o year_n by_o a_o new_a agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v another_o 10_o pound_n and_o so_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n now_o whereas_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o several_a agreement_n according_a to_o the_o time_n he_o have_v alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n and_o receive_v 10_o pound_n the_o first_o year_n he_o may_v put_v out_o again_o this_o 10_o pound_n as_o his_o own_o for_o another_o year_n and_o so_o have_v interest_n thereof_o twenty_o shilling_n whereby_o he_o receive_v 11_o pound_n the_o second_o year_n which_o be_v put_v out_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n will_v yield_v he_o according_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o 10_o pound_n receive_v the_o second_o and_o three_o year_n which_o will_v yield_v he_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n according_o so_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v above_o 146_o pound_n be_v thus_o deliver_v out_o the_o body_n of_o his_o sum_n still_o remain_v whole_a and_o be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o time_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o 100_o pound_n be_v deliver_v out_o from_o the_o begin_n for_o four_o year_n to_o be_v repay_v by_o 25_o pound_n a_o year_n and_o the_o interest_n it_o follow_v proportionable_o that_o the_o first_o year_n he_o be_v to_o receive_v 27_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n the_o second_o year_n 30_o pound_n the_o three_o year_n 32_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n and_o the_o four_o year_n 35_o pound_n which_o make_v all_o but_o 125_o pound_n add_v unto_o this_o the_o interest_n of_o 25_o pound_n receive_v in_o deduction_n of_o his_o principal_a three_o year_n before_o the_o time_n which_o be_v 7_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n and_o of_o 25_o pound_n more_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o 2_o year_n which_o