do_v decrease_v and_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n do_v become_v great_a or_o surmount_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o kind_n of_o equality_n be_v interrupt_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n be_v declare_v for_o as_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v perform_v by_o three_o simple_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v become_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o this_o wealth_n can_v proper_o increase_v but_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o bring_v of_o money_n and_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o buy_v for_o our_o money_n or_o barter_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n for_o our_o commodity_n and_o 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thing_n want_v or_o abound_v according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o estimation_n by_o consent_n after_o the_o pleasure_n and_o sensuality_n of_o man_n the_o history_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n make_v mention_v that_o during_o the_o great_a quantity_n or_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o be_v find_v about_o fourscore_o year_n past_a and_o the_o rareness_n of_o other_o thing_n a_o cloak_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o peru_n for_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n a_o pair_n of_o breech_n of_o cloth_n for_o three_o hundred_o ducat_n a_o good_a horse_n four_o or_o five_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o other_o thing_n then_o in_o use_n and_o rare_a according_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o persian_n bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o price_n of_o land_n do_v rise_v above_o two_o three_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a concern_v scarcity_n of_o money_n grafton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v great_a war_n with_o france_n and_o scotland_n and_o incorporate_n the_o money_n into_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o cause_v through_o the_o lack_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n so_o to_o fall_v that_o a_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o two_o shilling_n a_o fat_a ox_n for_o a_o noble_a a_o sheep_n for_o six_o penny_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o the_o rate_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n make_v the_o two_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o french_a king_n exchequer_n to_o be_v most_o paradoxical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v far_o differ_v from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n which_o paradox_n upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n he_o present_v unto_o the_o king_n thereby_o to_o qualify_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o complaint_n the_o substance_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v most_o expedient_a to_o set_v down_o and_o the_o answer_n also_o which_o master_n john_n bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n or_o commonwealth_n man_n of_o france_n have_v make_v thereunto_o together_o with_o my_o explication_n thereof_o and_o replication_n to_o his_o answer_n whereby_o the_o truth_n will_v appear_v and_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o first_o paradox_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n see_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dearer_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o since_o that_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n say_v he_o have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n 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french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sol_n tournois_fw-fr which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o common_a computation_n of_o ten_o sol_n for_o a_o shilling_n starling_n be_v two_o shilling_n in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n the_o say_a yard_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sol_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v 20_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v contain_v no_o more_o in_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n then_o before_o whereby_o there_o
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request_n without_o alter_v also_o her_o money_n unless_o she_o will_v have_v suffer_v the_o english_a merchant_n to_o bring_v angel_n unto_o she_o for_o 10_o shilling_n and_o to_o carry_v away_o the_o golden_a fleece_n for_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o angel_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o her_o dominion_n both_o in_o the_o money_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o commodity_n of_o her_o country_n unuent_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n upon_o the_o money_n which_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n these_o two_o paradox_n be_v thus_o unmask_v be_v easy_o conceive_v of_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n to_o be_v far_o from_o the_o truth_n and_o therefore_o will_v the_o understanding_n thereof_o be_v account_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n as_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v when_o they_o be_v know_v like_v unto_o the_o egg_n of_o columbus_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o west_n indies_n and_o hear_v some_o say_v at_o a_o dinner_n that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o another_o might_n and_o will_v call_v for_o a_o egg_n and_o will_v all_o the_o guest_n one_o after_o another_o to_o set_v it_o up_o on_o end_n which_o when_o they_o can_v not_o do_v he_o gentle_o bruise_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o do_v make_v it_o flat_a or_o rather_o by_o swing_v do_v break_v the_o yolk_n within_o and_o so_o set_v it_o up_o show_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v to_o do_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v see_v do_v before_o he_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n master_n malestroit_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n as_o be_v before_o show_v but_o master_n bodine_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o show_v five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v also_o declare_v whereunto_o for_o a_o general_a and_o direct_a answer_n by_o way_n of_o replication_n we_o say_v that_o to_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o he_o mistake_v which_o true_a ground_n must_v be_v by_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o to_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o in_o effect_n and_o whether_o we_o pay_v more_o proportionable_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n than_o we_o do_v receive_v for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n for_o if_o we_o do_v now_o pay_v more_o for_o corn_n wine_n and_o all_o other_o victual_n and_o sell_v our_o commodity_n for_o more_o than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v proportionable_o here_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o effect_n but_o in_o name_n only_o so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o money_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o property_n but_o if_o 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must_v examine_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o simple_n under_o the_o which_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v perform_v whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v when_o we_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o he_o allege_v in_o particular_a the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o he_o allege_v be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o our_o form_n observation_n for_o the_o first_o &_o last_o cause_n concern_v plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n may_v be_v cause_n that_o general_o thing_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o other_o three_o touch_v monopoly_n the_o want_n and_o waste_v of_o thing_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n can_v but_o make_v thing_n particular_o dear_a according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o wherein_o the_o time_n make_v also_o now_o and_o then_o a_o alteration_n upon_o occasion_n as_o when_o arm_n be_v dear_a in_o time_n of_o war_n then_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n victual_n in_o time_n of_o famine_n wood_n in_o winter_n and_o water_n in_o desert_n place_n and_o such_o like_a see_v then_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v not_o only_o the_o commodity_n of_o a_o country_n dear_a but_o that_o they_o be_v also_o nerui_fw-la bellorum_fw-la the_o sinew_n of_o war_n every_o prince_n be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n thereof_o especial_o those_o prince_n that_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n within_o their_o dominion_n or_o such_o as_o have_v have_v they_o and_o be_v now_o without_o they_o the_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v much_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o boheme_n and_o river_n of_o pannonia_n and_o swaden_n out_o of_o spain_n there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v both_o out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o monntaine_n above_o 20_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a which_o be_v all_o exhaust_v than_o it_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n first_o from_o santo_n domingo_n and_o other_o place_n where_o it_o do_v also_o cease_v now_o it_o come_v from_o peru_n by_o certain_a million_o which_o will_v also_o take_v a_o end_n the_o silver_n be_v bring_v also_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o be_v much_o find_v in_o germany_n but_o be_v now_o in_o many_o place_n draw_v out_o the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o accumulate_v treasure_n deem_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o expedient_a nor_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o suffer_v the_o transportation_n of_o their_o money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o as_o by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v see_v whereby_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n for_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n continue_v william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a for_o the_o 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that_o it_o will_v make_v now_o with_o we_o 27_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v esteem_v at_o five_o shilling_n which_o then_o be_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n edward_n the_o three_o make_v many_o good_a law_n to_o keep_v the_o treasure_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o home_n commodity_n and_o have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n shall_v not_o over-ballaunce_a his_o home_n commodity_n know_v that_o if_o he_o pay_v more_o for_o they_o than_o he_o make_v of_o his_o commodity_n the_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v up_o and_o balance_v with_o the_o treasure_n or_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o have_v bring_v the_o work_n and_o make_v of_o cloth_n into_o the_o realm_n he_o do_v devise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o find_v vent_n for_o the_o same_o observe_v a_o due_a course_n for_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o his_o money_n and_o that_o the_o true_a value_n of_o his_o money_n may_v be_v 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the_o almighty_a to_o have_v your_o honour_n in_o his_o divine_a protection_n and_o so_o in_o all_o humility_n i_o take_v leave_n london_n this_o 16._o of_o januarie_n 1603._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a and_o in_o all_o duty_n bind_v gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n england_n view_n a_o sentence_n allege_v without_o application_n to_o some_o purpose_n be_v to_o handle_v a_o matter_n without_o conclusion_n and_o he_o that_o will_v attribute_v unto_o any_o man_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essential_a part_n ground_n or_o pillar_n of_o any_o science_n must_v make_v apparent_a proof_n thereof_o otherwise_o his_o assertion_n be_v like_a cloud_n and_o wind_n without_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v at_o random_n quòd_fw-la oportet_fw-la patremfamilias_a vendacem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la be_v a_o worthy_a sentence_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v of_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n especial_o of_o prince_n that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o commonweal_n who_o as_o justinian_n say_v be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o two_o season_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o both_o which_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o of_o thing_n convenient_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o humane_a society_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o heathen_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o religion_n towards_o god_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n towards_o man_n the_o one_o teach_v we_o especial_o of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v &_o the_o other_o how_o we_o shall_v live_v in_o this_o life_n religion_n do_v knit_v and_o unite_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n whereby_o they_o live_v obedient_o in_o unity_n peace_n and_o concord_n and_o justice_n be_v as_o a_o measure_n ordain_v by_o god_n among_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a hence_o proceed_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v the_o denial_n of_o justice_n oppression_n of_o the_o common-people_n inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o exceed_a riches_n of_o a_o small_a number_n the_o extreme_a poverty_n of_o many_o the_o overgreat_a idleness_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o not_o punish_v of_o offender_n which_o bring_v destruction_n of_o commonweal_n religion_n do_v teach_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o make_v a_o good_a man_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o since_o prince_n reign_v by_o wisdom_n and_o that_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n be_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n also_o of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o wise_a prince_n now_o as_o prince_n reign_v by_o god_n so_o must_v they_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yea_o they_o reign_v best_a and_o long_a that_o serve_v he_o best_a and_o most_o serve_v he_o they_o can_v but_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o his_o will_n be_v not_o know_v but_o by_o his_o word_n and_o law_n which_o make_v the_o prophet_n david_n to_o meditate_v therein_o day_n and_o night_n prefer_v the_o cause_n of_o faith_n or_o religion_n before_o temporal_a commodity_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a point_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o regard_v whereunto_o the_o other_o be_v annex_v and_o do_v depend_v upon_o for_o as_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o reason_n require_v that_o this_o gradation_n shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v all_o law_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v custom_n nor_o the_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n 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realm_n
famous_a and_o learned_a master_n john_n bodine_n make_v answer_n unto_o these_o two_o paradox_n first_o show_v how_o m._n malestroit_n have_v abuse_v himself_o to_o use_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n to_o prove_v his_o assertion_n for_o he_o prove_v that_o velvet_n be_v yet_o unknown_a in_o france_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n surname_v the_o fair_a and_o that_o although_o he_o shall_v admit_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n for_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o so_o dear_a proportionable_o and_o concern_v the_o price_n of_o wine_n and_o corn_n he_o do_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v dear_a 20_o time_n and_o more_o or_o less_o upon_o occasion_n conclude_v that_o those_o example_n be_v also_o unfit_a and_o then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n which_o can_v increase_v or_o diminish_v nor_o be_v alter_v of_o their_o goodness_n if_o they_o be_v manure_v whereupon_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o show_v the_o fertility_n of_o france_n and_o that_o certain_a dukedom_n earldom_n and_o baronny_n be_v now_o worth_a of_o revenue_n as_o much_o yearly_a as_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o in_o time_n past_a the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o rise_v in_o price_n he_o show_v that_o within_o sixty_o year_n all_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a ten_o time_n the_o price_n compare_v it_o to_o any_o money_n in_o france_n and_o so_o set_v down_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n which_o be_v 5_o in_o number_n 1_o the_o principal_a &_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n concern_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n he_o say_v that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n or_o dearth_n of_o 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necessity_n and_o occurrence_n will_v find_v the_o same_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o king_n john_n in_o his_o great_a necessity_n can_v not_o find_v 60_o thousand_o frank_n let_v it_o be_v crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n but_o do_v remain_v a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 8_o year_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n be_v prisoner_n can_v not_o find_v mean_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o noble_n until_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o five_o pay_v the_o same_o make_v alliance_n with_o robert_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n anno_fw-la 1371._o king_n saint_n lewis_n be_v in_o the_o like_a predicament_n be_v prisoner_n in_o egypt_n and_o the_o ancient_a history_n do_v record_n that_o for_o want_v of_o silver_n money_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n with_o a_o nail_n of_o silver_n whereby_o appear_v the_o great_a want_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o france_n in_o those_o day_n whereas_o come_v to_o our_o age_n 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cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o france_n show_v how_o the_o spaniard_n run_v to_o the_o uttermost_a corner_n of_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n silver_n and_o spice_n do_v come_v unto_o they_o for_o their_o corn_n linen_n cloth_n and_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n how_o the_o english_a man_n scot_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n swaden_n and_o denmark_n be_v continual_o dig_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o mine_n even_o to_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o metal_n and_o mineral_n for_o to_o buy_v their_o wine_n prune_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o most_o especial_o their_o manna_n of_o salt_n which_o god_n send_v as_o it_o be_v from_o heaven_n their_o climate_n be_v more_o apt_a thereunto_o then_o that_o of_o other_o country_n which_o cause_v the_o fleming_n to_o come_v with_o their_o empty_a vessel_n to_o buy_v the_o same_o for_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o traffic_n of_o 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country_n to_o inhabit_v they_o and_o the_o spaniard_n be_v negligent_a and_o lazy_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n without_o any_o labourer_n or_o any_o other_o workman_n but_o only_o frenchmen_n which_o be_v more_o serviceable_a and_o active_a another_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o france_n be_v the_o trade_n have_v since_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o with_o the_o turk_n and_o barbarian_a &_o the_o bank_n of_o lion_n erect_v in_o his_o time_n bring_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n into_o france_n when_o he_o pay_v 8_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o money_n and_o his_o successor_n ten_o afterward_o 16_o and_o 20_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n which_o make_v the_o florentine_n lugueses_n genoese_n german_n and_o other_o to_o come_v &_o dwell_v in_o the_o realm_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o
cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o and_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o the_o realm_n a_o conclusion_n most_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o embase_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n proceed_v by_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o gold_n the_o word_n embase_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o valuation_n which_o be_v observe_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n but_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o embase_v by_o allay_n or_o copper_n in_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o substance_n remain_v unalter_a and_o become_v only_o abate_v in_o price_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o gold_n now_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v not_o show_v before_o that_o malestroit_n have_v mistake_v himself_o in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o money_n in_o price_n and_o the_o embase_v by_o allay_n whereby_o the_o gold_n money_n by_o he_o allege_v to_o be_v rise_v from_o one_o to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o in_o price_n and_o the_o silver_n money_n from_o one_o to_o 5_o we_o may_v have_v examine_v this_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n according_a to_o his_o allegation_n and_o thereby_o make_v know_v that_o he_o have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n as_o well_o in_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n in_o valuation_n fineness_n and_o weight_n as_o he_o do_v the_o whole_a ground_n of_o his_o paradox_n for_o have_v lose_v the_o line_n wherewith_o he_o go_v into_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o money_n and_o their_o property_n he_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o way_n among_o the_o wood_n the_o further_o he_o go_v the_o more_o he_o err_v from_o the_o right_a way_n master_n malestroit_n may_v have_v declare_v his_o intention_n in_o two_o word_n if_o he_o have_v have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o as_o for_o example_n a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v divide_v heretofore_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 20_o piece_n and_o so_o value_v 20_o penny_n every_o penny_n in_o value_n weigh_v a_o penny_n weight_n this_o ounce_n in_o process_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o be_v divide_v afterward_o into_o 30_o piece_n than_o 40_o piece_n 45_o piece_n and_o now_o 60_o piece_n so_o that_o a_o penny_n weight_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v now_o three_o penny_n and_o the_o piece_n be_v only_o alter_v in_o name_n for_o a_o three_o penny_n piece_n waigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n so_o that_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v alter_v only_o in_o denomination_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n must_v needs_o receive_v the_o like_a name_n or_o denomination_n and_o if_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v not_o rise_v above_o this_o estimation_n of_o three_o for_o one_o then_o m._n malestroit_n may_v have_v make_v good_a his_o first_o paradox_n howbeit_o fail_v in_o his_o second_o paradox_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n shall_v reduce_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n unto_o 20_o penny_n present_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v be_v alter_v according_o and_o that_o for_o which_o we_o give_v now_o 3_o penny_n shall_v but_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o penny_n which_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v better_a cheap_a and_o yet_o will_v not_o be_v so_o in_o effect_n for_o we_o shall_v give_v still_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n of_o three_o penny_n albeit_o the_o name_n thereof_o be_v alter_v and_o therefore_o not_o better_a cheap_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o queen_n shall_v receive_v for_o her_o income_n and_o revenue_n of_o crown_n land_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o her_o predecessor_n do_v in_o time_n past_a and_o nobleman_n and_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n for_o their_o land_n and_o officer_n for_o their_o fee_n be_v after_o the_o old_a rent_n and_o custom_n but_o this_o reduction_n will_v prove_v very_o prejudicial_a consider_v that_o other_o prince_n have_v enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o money_n which_o do_v carry_v a_o show_n of_o gain_n in_o the_o eye_n or_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n which_o be_v thereupon_o incline_v to_o carry_v money_n unto_o they_o albeit_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o prince_n dominion_n do_v not_o only_o countervail_v that_o suppose_a gain_n in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o traffic_n but_o also_o far_o surmount_v the_o same_o but_o the_o money_n with_o we_o not_o be_v alter_v in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n within_o these_o fifty_o year_n in_o which_o time_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o alter_v how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n take_v any_o place_n and_o if_o his_o second_o paradox_n have_v be_v of_o a_o true_a ground_n what_o reason_n have_v any_o man_n to_o measure_v thing_n present_a with_o the_o thing_n of_o former_a age_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o money_n almost_o within_o the_o age_n of_o any_o man_n for_o if_o above_o fifty_o year_n pass_v i_o have_v receive_v a_o angel_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o angel_n now_o adays_o for_o ten_o shilling_n and_o do_v pay_v out_o the_o same_o again_o for_o ten_o shilling_n there_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n although_o i_o shall_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o do_v i_o can_v attribute_v the_o loss_n thereof_o upon_o my_o angel_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o dearth_n of_o commodity_n the_o money_n not_o have_v be_v alter_v within_o my_o time_n king_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v find_v the_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n to_o be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n &_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n according_o the_o money_z be_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o england_n at_o which_o time_n the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n adjacent_a be_v not_o so_o much_o advance_v in_o price_n for_o a_o angel_n be_v in_o his_o time_n value_v at_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n be_v then_o worth_a beyond_o the_o sea_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n and_o the_o silver_n money_fw-mi according_o afterward_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n he_o cause_v all_o his_o money_n to_o be_v embase_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o make_v very_o base_a money_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v advance_v so_o that_o the_o money_n be_v alter_v in_o substance_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o that_o afterwards_o when_o to_o her_o majesty_n great_a honour_n the_o substance_n of_o money_n be_v reduce_v to_o her_o former_a purity_n and_o fineness_n have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v our_o matter_n in_o hand_n but_o we_o must_v note_v here_o that_o there_o be_v a_o coherence_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o the_o money_n between_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n whereby_o if_o general_o either_o of_o these_o be_v alter_v all_o thing_n do_v alter_v in_o price_n according_o but_o if_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o part_n with_o due_a consideration_n it_o have_v not_o the_o like_a effect_n or_o operation_n king_n henry_n do_v alter_v the_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o withal_o do_v advance_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n from_o 40_o penny_n unto_o 45_o penny_n and_o the_o gold_n according_o account_v one_o of_o fine_a gold_n to_o 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n whereby_o a_o angel_n be_v worth_a 7_o shilling_n 6_o penny_n the_o money_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o former_a goodness_n in_o her_o majesty_n reign_n will_v have_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n according_o have_v not_o the_o valuation_n be_v alter_v and_o countervail_v the_o same_o together_o with_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n for_o this_o ounce_n of_o silver_n aforesaid_a be_v value_v at_o 60_o penny_n and_o that_o which_o before_o do_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o 45_o be_v call_v 60_o which_o denomination_n cause_v all_o other_o thing_n to_o remain_v at_o the_o old_a price_n whereunto_o they_o be_v come_v through_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o money_n before_o that_o time_n now_o before_o we_o conclude_v it_o be_v worthy_a the_o note_n that_o when_o in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o angel_n be_v worth_a under_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n the_o king_n
sell_v see_v that_o those_o nation_n do_v bring_v their_o own_o commodity_n unto_o our_o merchant_n to_o the_o place_n by_o they_o appoint_v which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o much_o as_o will_v you_o buy_v and_o will_v not_o this_o be_v will_n you_o buy_v if_o in_o a_o disperse_a and_o straggle_a manner_n our_o cloth_n be_v carry_v to_o all_o market_n be_v yond_o the_o sea_n in_o several_a place_n which_o will_v take_v away_o the_o desire_n of_o buy_v for_o he_o that_o buy_v do_v it_o in_o hope_n of_o sale_n with_o a_o gain_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o intend_v to_o carry_v the_o commodity_n which_o commodity_n if_o he_o know_v to_o be_v extant_a in_o most_o place_n to_o be_v vent_v will_v quench_v his_o desire_n of_o buy_v and_o he_o that_o come_v to_o barter_n other_o commodity_n for_o we_o have_v also_o the_o like_a consideration_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o our_o cloth_n will_v be_v advance_v in_o price_n when_o man_n shall_v by_o multitude_n run_v to_o the_o market_n or_o into_o the_o country_n in_o all_o place_n to_o buy_v it_o what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n of_o it_o it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o small_a gain_n and_o many_o time_n to_o loss_n we_o be_v natural_o incline_v to_o make_v speedy_a return_n but_o we_o shall_v also_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o we_o shall_v obtain_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o for_o the_o bill_n obligatorie_n of_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o we_o shall_v sell_v our_o cloth_n and_o if_o our_o merchant_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o other_o nation_n shall_v buy_v the_o cloth_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v most_o common_o in_o france_n and_o spain_n at_o the_o vintage_n time_n with_o their_o wine_n and_o raisin_n then_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v be_v sell_v dear_a unto_o we_o by_o they_o again_o for_o the_o small_a gain_n have_v upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n cause_v we_o and_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o seek_v a_o better_a gain_n upon_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o the_o general_a hurt_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o the_o exhaust_v of_o our_o money_n which_o to_o balance_v the_o matter_n must_v supply_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o cloth_n in_o this_o manner_n will_v be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a gain_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o end_n a_o exceed_a loss_n to_o the_o general_a commonwealth_n who_o welfare_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o any_o member_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o labourer_n and_o workmen_n wage_n be_v augment_v although_o our_o cloth_n shall_v cost_v so_o much_o the_o dear_a as_o we_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o and_o that_o with_o great_a regard_n the_o poor_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o by_o way_n of_o corporation_n their_o handiwork_n be_v vent_v which_o without_o incur_v the_o compass_n of_o monopoly_n be_v very_o commendable_a in_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o use_v in_o many_o country_n last_o that_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n be_v due_o execute_v the_o three_o cause_n say_v master_n bodine_n be_v the_o want_n of_o thing_n proceed_v of_o the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o thing_n or_o by_o the_o waist_n thereof_o touch_v the_o trade_n of_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o may_v well_o pass_v over_o as_o he_o do_v and_o make_v only_o our_o stay_n with_o the_o trade_n for_o corn_n which_o if_o it_o be_v guide_v with_o that_o due_a consideration_n both_o for_o preservation_n and_o transportation_n as_o be_v requisite_a will_v make_v plain_a the_o proverb_n france_n can_v be_v famish_v to_o be_v more_o incident_a and_o proper_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n then_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n because_o that_o proportionable_o we_o have_v more_o fertile_a ground_n for_o corn_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o france_n have_v but_o in_o some_o place_n for_o those_o country_n where_o the_o vine_n do_v grow_v be_v unapt_a for_o corn_n and_o must_v have_v their_o provision_n from_o the_o country_n adjacent_a and_o many_o time_n out_o of_o england_n when_o our_o corn_n be_v thither_o transport_v be_v with_o we_o too_o good_a cheap_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o comparison_n whereof_o be_v make_v and_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o corn_n regard_v will_v make_v manifest_a that_o to_o sell_v our_o wheat_n for_o thirty_o shilling_n the_o quarter_n and_o other_o grain_n after_o the_o rate_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n notwithstanding_o may_v impose_v a_o great_a custom_n or_o licence_n for_o the_o transportation_n thereof_o which_o transportation_n may_v be_v do_v moderate_o and_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n extant_a and_o for_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v convenient_o be_v spare_v if_o the_o magistrate_n and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n have_v the_o 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power_n but_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o those_o honest_a man_n rate_v at_o all_o time_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o as_o the_o harvest_n be_v distant_a or_o at_o hand_n which_o be_v so_o notify_v unto_o all_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a whereby_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o love_n of_o bread_n be_v due_o observe_v without_o any_o trouble_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o baker_n know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o love_n and_o of_o what_o weight_n deliver_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o true_a weight_n by_o those_o man_n appoint_v unto_o any_o man_n that_o do_v call_v for_o it_o which_o the_o poor_a do_v so_o well_o observe_v for_o that_o his_o indigence_n give_v he_o cause_n that_o without_o trouble_v any_o officer_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v his_o pennyworth_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v find_v it_o want_v of_o his_o weight_n present_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o officer_n as_o it_o be_v the_o constable_n he_o do_v seize_v 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matter_n and_o their_o meal_n not_o the_o worse_a for_o to_o be_v use_v some_o do_v also_o a_o little_a parboil_v their_o flesh_n and_o keep_v it_o close_o stop_v in_o vinegar_n but_o that_o be_v not_o so_o savoury_a to_o be_v eat_v the_o knowledge_n hereof_o be_v fit_a for_o navigator_n but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n let_v we_o commend_v the_o singular_a care_n of_o those_o magistrate_n which_o to_o prevent_v all_o corruption_n and_o disease_n of_o evil_a air_n and_o corrupt_a blood_n do_v command_n that_o ox_n and_o all_o other_o beast_n shall_v be_v fast_v a_o day_n or_o two_o before_o they_o shall_v be_v slay_v and_o then_o hang_v up_o for_o the_o like_a time_n or_o more_o as_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n will_v permit_v to_o let_v the_o blood_n run_v out_o before_o the_o butcher_n may_v sell_v the_o flesh_n thereof_o who_o know_v the_o loss_n of_o weight_n by_o the_o bleed_a and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o show_v so_o well_o be_v hasty_a to_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a hurt_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o health_n of_o man_n this_o care_n of_o the_o magistrate_n therefore_o tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o health_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n we_o do_v not_o hold_v impertinent_a to_o commend_v a_o good_a order_n observe_v in_o other_o country_n for_o keep_v of_o their_o city_n and_o town_n clean_o without_o have_v so_o many_o scavenger_n in_o every_o parish_n as_o we_o do_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o whereas_o the_o cleanse_n of_o all_o vault_n be_v bring_v to_o certain_a place_n and_o use_v for_o dung_n there_o be_v certain_a three_o or_o four_o scavenger_n which_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n take_v the_o same_o and_o the_o dirt_n of_o the_o street_n to_o farm_n and_o do_v every_o one_o of_o they_o keep_v twelve_o or_o more_o horse_n and_o cart_n to_o carry_v the_o dirt_n away_o which_o by_o scatter_a straw_n 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matter_n wherein_o he_o be_v surpass_v other_o that_o hence_o the_o proverb_n be_v derive_v that_o one_o do_v understand_v his_o par_n or_o equality_n be_v it_o in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n or_o money_n whereby_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n be_v rule_v but_o this_o can_v proper_o be_v take_v as_o a_o remedy_n against_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n for_o it_o do_v keep_v a_o due_a equality_n in_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o make_v not_o any_o alteration_n so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v as_o before_o that_o master_n bodine_n have_v mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o entreat_v of_o the_o remedy_n by_o he_o propound_v be_v also_o incertain_a for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o we_o be_v not_o in_o this_o regard_n to_o compare_v thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v but_o between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v or_o traffic_n either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n 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question_n do_v arise_v and_o to_o avoid_v much_o carriage_n of_o ware_n up_o and_o down_o for_o the_o transport_v from_o island_n to_o island_n you_o agree_v by_o mutual_a consent_n that_o a_o thing_n of_o mettle_n because_o it_o go_v in_o least_o room_n and_o continue_v long_a without_o perish_v and_o be_v carry_v too_o and_o fro_o with_o the_o least_o charge_n and_o be_v also_o fit_a to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v in_o most_o piece_n without_o loss_n shall_v be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a as_o the_o mean_a in_o ware_n to_o exchange_v all_o ware_n by_o and_o to_o the_o end_n there_o shall_v be_v always_o neither_o more_o nor_o less_o ware_n bring_v into_o your_o island_n than_o be_v equivalent_a with_o the_o ware_n of_o your_o island_n and_o this_o thing_n you_o call_v money_n which_o be_v now_o a_o measure_n to_o set_v a_o price_n or_o to_o measure_v every_o thing_n by_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o have_v more_o than_o sufficient_a for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o your_o island_n of_o corn_n wool_n and_o other_o commodity_n which_o in_o this_o regard_n may_v be_v call_v superfluity_n and_o because_o some_o of_o they_o be_v perishable_a and_o can_v keep_v long_o you_o seek_v to_o utter_v and_o convert_v into_o money_n whereby_o you_o draw_v great_a store_n of_o money_n into_o your_o island_n whereupon_o some_o of_o your_o inhabitant_n perceive_v the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o measure_n and_o mean_a to_o command_v and_o obtain_v all_o other_o thing_n through_o a_o covetous_a desire_n do_v practice_v to_o be_v master_n of_o that_o measure_n so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v come_v by_o it_o but_o with_o their_o consent_n and_o pay_v well_o for_o it_o and_o in_o so_o do_v they_o make_v the_o money_n to_o become_v a_o merchandise_n and_o heap_v up_o much_o wealth_n to_o themselves_o &_o bring_v thereby_o a_o dearth_n also_o of_o all_o thing_n within_o your_o island_n for_o when_o one_o take_v a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o pay_v 10_o pound_n over_o and_o more_o than_o 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according_a to_o the_o valuation_n to_o nominate_v the_o same_o and_o thereby_o to_o make_v return_n of_o each_o other_o commodity_n which_o exchange_n in_o nature_n of_o trade_n you_o suffer_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o price_n according_a to_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o have_v a_o ability_n give_v he_o to_o compass_v the_o rule_n of_o this_o exchange_n and_o so_o do_v abuse_v the_o same_o both_o way_n that_o he_o draw_v all_o the_o ready_a money_n out_o of_o your_o island_n and_o do_v advance_v the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n which_o he_o thereby_o sell_v the_o dear_a unto_o you_o you_o do_v also_o sell_v your_o commodity_n dear_a but_o you_o do_v not_o make_v a_o proportionable_a price_n unto_o he_o neither_o a_o due_a return_n of_o the_o provenue_n of_o your_o commodity_n for_o if_o you_o make_v your_o return_n by_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n he_o take_v a_o advantage_n thereby_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o 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abundance_n of_o silver_n it_o come_v to_o 224_o pound_n of_o copper_n for_o 1_o pound_n of_o silver_n &_o so_o be_v it_o take_v diverse_o in_o diverse_a country_n according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o one_o or_o other_o mettle_n upon_o all_o occasion_n the_o like_a shall_v we_o find_v touch_v the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o with_o we_o in_o england_n have_v continue_v for_o many_o year_n 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n or_o 11_o of_o standard_n silver_n to_o 1_o of_o crown_n gold_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v take_v according_a to_o our_o angel_n and_o crown_n gold_n suppose_v that_o other_o nation_n do_v hold_v these_o proportion_n follow_v the_o low-countries_n where_o they_o reckon_v two_o philip_n dollar_n for_o their_o golden_a royal_a or_o our_o angel_n make_v 11_o to_o 1_o if_o the_o toleration_n have_v not_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n in_o effect_n the_o royal_a be_v value_v at_o 16_o 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save_v and_o the_o facility_n and_o expedition_n in_o the_o make_n exact_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n fair_a and_o round_a more_o certain_a in_o weight_n and_o without_o crack_n or_o flaw_n and_o the_o stamp_n or_o figure_n of_o long_a continuance_n then_o that_o which_o be_v make_v with_o the_o hammer_n with_o a_o great_a noise_n by_o the_o roundness_n and_o fairness_n be_v clip_v prevent_v which_o in_o piece_n proportionate_a and_o of_o a_o fair_a impression_n be_v easy_o discern_v by_o the_o certainty_n in_o weight_n when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v weigh_v one_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o be_v colour_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v use_v to_o cull_v out_o the_o heavy_a one_o for_o their_o
use_n of_o melt_a or_o transportation_n and_o to_o pay_v out_o the_o light_a one_o especial_o in_o silver_n counterfeiter_n washer_n and_o falsifier_n of_o money_n will_v be_v soon_o detect_v and_o the_o false_a money_n know_v when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n and_o of_o one_o sound_n and_o fairness_n of_o stamp_n with_o their_o private_a mark_n for_o the_o time_n the_o thickness_n will_v be_v see_v the_o weight_n will_v be_v find_v and_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v hear_v by_o compare_v one_o piece_n to_o another_o especial_o when_o the_o redness_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o money_n do_v give_v suspicion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n of_o equal_a weight_n as_o we_o may_v partly_o perceive_v and_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o the_o last_o trial_n make_v thereof_o the_o mass_n or_o lump_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o lump_n of_o silver_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o as_o 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that_o which_o be_v record_v of_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n in_o time_n past_a to_o awaken_v care_n in_o other_o the_o great_a mean_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o save_v their_o state_n when_o hannibal_n have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v be_v 450_o thousand_o crown_n that_o the_o treasure_n do_v amount_v unto_o which_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n and_o never_o touch_v until_o that_o time_n pope_n john_n the_o 22._o leave_v 23_o million_o of_o gold_n sardanapalus_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n cirus_n 50_o million_o the_o athenian_n 60_o million_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n 67_o million_o alexander_n the_o great_a find_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o darius_n occhus_n the_o persian_a king_n 80_o million_o but_o the_o great_a treasure_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o king_n david_n leave_v be_v 120_o million_o which_o do_v exceed_v far_o the_o treasure_n record_v of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o flourish_v most_o under_o trajan_n the_o 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handle_v that_o matter_n particular_o therefore_o shall_v it_o suffice_v to_o make_v mention_n only_o of_o the_o content_n thereof_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n with_o we_o do_v not_o only_o rule_v both_o the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n but_o be_v abuse_v by_o the_o merchandize_v thereof_o be_v become_v predominant_a and_o do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o they_o both_o to_o england_n great_a and_o incredible_a loss_n whereas_o the_o right_a exchange_n be_v most_o commendable_a necessary_a and_o convenient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n and_o traffic_n of_o intercourse_n betwixt_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o country_n and_o country_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n according_a to_o value_n for_o value_n which_o according_o shall_v be_v keep_v at_o a_o certainty_n as_o a_o measure_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n for_o we_o have_v ample_o declare_v and_o prove_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v fall_v or_o rise_v in_o price_n the_o same_o be_v either_o high_a or_o low_a it_o turn_v every_o way_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o realm_n both_o for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n cause_v a_o overbalancing_a in_o nature_n before_o allege_v which_o to_o supply_v draw_v or_o expel_v our_o treasure_n for_o we_o do_v in_o effect_n give_v the_o same_o to_o boot_n unto_o other_o nation_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v their_o commodity_n for_o it_o some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_z the_o 9_o and_o philip_z the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n unto_o their_o treasurer_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o 2_o million_o 400_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_o through_o envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n exchanger_n which_o
treasury_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v give_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o paul_n consul_n 900_o thousand_o crown_n for_o to_o hold_v silence_n and_o unto_o curion_n tribune_n 1500_o thousand_o crown_n to_o take_v his_o part_n mark_v antony_n go_v further_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o which_o plutarch_n and_o appian_n have_v write_v for_o he_o give_v unto_o his_o army_n for_o their_o service_n do_v 200_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 120_o million_o of_o crown_n which_o be_v to_o be_v credit_v see_v that_o the_o emperor_n adrian_n for_o to_o have_v the_o goodwill_n of_o 40_o legion_n give_v ten_o million_o of_o crown_n so_o that_o we_o may_v here_o see_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n at_o rome_n but_o it_o do_v not_o last_v ever_o for_o in_o less_o than_o 300_o year_n the_o parth_n goth_n hercules_n honger_n and_o other_o cruel_a nation_n do_v overcome_v the_o empire_n &_o all_o italy_n and_o overcome_v the_o roman_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v unto_o all_o commonweal_n to_o wax_v and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o flourish_v for_o a_o time_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v old_a and_o decline_v until_o they_o be_v utter_o ruinate_v and_o destroy_v come_v to_o the_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n he_o show_v how_o master_n malestroit_n have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o money_n themselves_o make_v within_o 300_o year_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o s._n lewis_n cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_n twelve_o denier_n whereof_o 64_o piece_n go_v to_o the_o mark_n and_o that_o in_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o time_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n without_o number_n &_o as_o good_a as_o the_o crown_n now_o be_v value_v but_o 20_o sol_n and_o that_o afterward_o king_n john_n cause_v the_o frank_v to_o be_v make_v of_o fine_a gold_n which_o be_v but_o value_v 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price_n upon_o commodity_n which_o one_o man_n alone_o may_v also_o count_v when_o he_o buy_v up_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o one_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n to_o the_o end_n he_o alone_o may_v sell_v the_o same_o at_o his_o pleasure_n the_o engross_a forestalling_a or_o incorporate_n of_o any_o commodity_n or_o victual_n be_v intolerable_a in_o any_o commonwealth_n unless_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o those_o commodity_n will_v decay_v if_o a_o kind_n of_o incorporation_n be_v not_o use_v for_o when_o the_o common-people_n do_v buy_v general_o thing_n dear_a they_o can_v general_o also_o sell_v their_o commodity_n there_o according_o but_o when_o some_o particular_a thing_n be_v dear_a they_o can_v do_v so_o now_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o all_o monopoly_n be_v to_o make_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n dear_a so_o must_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n in_o this_o regard_n be_v consider_v between_o our_o home_n commodity_n &_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a which_o if_o we_o will_v but_o examine_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o 50_o year_n that_o our_o money_n have_v be_v without_o alteration_n as_o be_v before_o express_v we_o shall_v easy_o procure_v the_o great_a error_n or_o malice_n of_o those_o that_o do_v accuse_v the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n to_o be_v a_o monopoly_n which_o false_a imputation_n may_v be_v reprove_v by_o by_o this_o only_a that_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v dear_a than_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o be_v not_o rise_v in_o price_n according_o &_o yet_o of_o late_a year_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n amend_v in_o the_o make_n &_o the_o other_o impair_v and_o one_o sort_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v at_o one_o time_n beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o 2_o 3_o 4_o or_o more_o pound_n differ_v in_o a_o pack_n one_o from_o another_o neither_o have_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n only_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o diverse_a other_o company_n of_o merchant_n be_v privilege_v and_o do_v transport_v great_a quantity_n of_o clothes_n into_o foreign_a part_n as_o well_o as_o they_o and_o it_o be_v free_a for_o all_o stranger_n that_o be_v in_o league_n with_o her_o majesty_n to_o buy_v cloth_n &_o to_o transport_v the_o same_o at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o reason_n do_v concern_v the_o effect_n of_o monopoly_n whereas_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o traffic_n whereby_o every_o man_n trade_v particular_o and_o apart_o with_o his_o own_o stock_n sell_v by_o his_o own_o factor_n or_o servant_n with_o diverse_a other_o reason_n we_o will_v refer_v ourselves_o to_o that_o which_o their_o secretary_n have_v write_v of_o late_a in_o defence_n of_o their_o good_a order_n and_o constitution_n conclude_v that_o as_o their_o trade_n be_v the_o most_o important_a and_o as_o in_o all_o trafficke_v the_o universal_a do_v govern_v the_o particular_a so_o the_o dissolution_n of_o that_o society_n will_v be_v the_o undo_n of_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o bring_v a_o great_a confusion_n to_o the_o realm_n for_o albeit_o that_o some_o will_v have_v other_o nation_n to_o come_v and_o buy_v the_o commodity_n of_o we_o within_o the_o realm_n for_o say_v they_o there_o be_v according_a to_o the_o proverb_n twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o difference_n between_o will_n you_o buy_v and_o will_v you_o sell_v these_o man_n have_v no_o consideration_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n which_o be_v the_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o defence_n next_o under_o god_n consist_v most_o in_o ship_n and_o well_o experience_a mariner_n that_o most_o careful_o be_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o whereas_o also_o the_o transport_v of_o our_o cloth_n to_o certain_a place_n do_v cause_n other_o nation_n to_o resort_v thither_o to_o buy_v they_o which_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v to_o be_v will_v you_o
how_o absurd_a it_o be_v let_v the_o wise_a judge_n by_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o banker_n and_o a_o general_a exchanger_n the_o banker_n do_v draw_v unto_o himself_o all_o the_o money_n of_o other_o man_n make_v his_o small_a stock_n to_o be_v infinite_a and_o the_o exchanger_n must_v with_o his_o own_o stock_n supply_v other_o man_n occasion_n for_o no_o man_n be_v command_v or_o by_o policy_n of_o course_n compel_v to_o deliver_v money_n unto_o he_o the_o banker_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o correspondency_n of_o other_o bank_n elsewhere_o at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o most_o advantage_n the_o exchanger_n can_v have_v no_o correspondency_n with_o other_o bank_n for_o he_o be_v limit_v how_o to_o deal_v at_o a_o certainty_n in_o price_n by_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v his_o factor_n or_o servant_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n in_o the_o place_n of_o traffic_n but_o because_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o please_v man_n humour_n in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n which_o either_o for_o gain_v some_o will_v have_v to_o continue_v or_o other_o through_o ignorance_n do_v not_o understand_v therefore_o be_v there_o another_o mean_v propound_v to_o keep_v a_o due_a course_n in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n without_o a_o exchanger_n by_o a_o proscription_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n to_o all_o swear_a broker_n how_o to_o make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n for_o all_o place_n according_a to_o value_n for_o value_n which_o will_v be_v easy_a and_o in_o effect_n aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la as_o we_o have_v declare_v so_o as_o a_o due_a regard_n be_v have_v of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o thing_n note_v always_o this_o coherence_n that_o even_o as_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v with_o we_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n that_o so_o by_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n we_o do_v not_o procure_v therewithal_o the_o cause_n of_o exportation_n and_o hunt_v as_o it_o be_v after_o our_o own_o shadow_n some_o other_o have_v think_v this_o matter_n to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n incurable_a or_o impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v now_o adays_o consider_v the_o great_a trade_n when_o to_o speak_v true_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v much_o decay_a and_o without_o that_o they_o can_v yield_v or_o give_v any_o probable_a reason_n thereof_o but_o that_o the_o difficulty_n and_o sickness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v admit_v it_o as_o who_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v better_a to_o let_v a_o sick_a body_n languish_v to_o death_n then_o to_o make_v he_o drink_v a_o unsavoury_a potion_n to_o restore_v he_o to_o health_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o have_v think_v it_o my_o duty_n in_o regard_n of_o profession_n to_o publish_v and_o prefer_v sincere_o according_a to_o my_o small_a talon_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o it_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n wish_v that_o other_o man_n endue_v with_o more_o learning_n and_o adorn_v with_o excellent_a virtue_n will_v be_v always_o careful_a to_o do_v the_o like_a in_o that_o which_o concern_v their_o profession_n and_o hereunto_o i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o encourage_v for_o that_o since_o the_o publish_n of_o my_o treatise_n aforesaid_a and_o by_o mean_n of_o my_o private_a advice_n unto_o diverse_a without_o boast_v or_o arrogancy_n be_v it_o speak_v there_o have_v be_v a_o better_a course_n take_v by_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o great_a store_n of_o silver_n bullion_n and_o some_o gold_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o general_a benefit_n and_o good_a of_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o which_o do_v put_v i_o in_o hope_n that_o the_o like_a vigilancy_n and_o regard_n will_v be_v have_v by_o diverse_a in_o the_o sale_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o due_a inspection_n to_o equity_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o recommend_v unto_o we_o providence_n and_o do_v not_o altogether_o exclude_v policy_n especial_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o government_n of_o a_o state_n or_o kingdom_n in_o study_v the_o way_n of_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wealth_n thereof_o which_o can_v proper_o be_v do_v but_o by_o these_o mean_n for_o the_o same_o can_v decrease_v but_o by_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o treasure_n and_o by_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a and_o pay_v too_o dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o to_o which_o end_n we_o be_v to_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v and_o not_o to_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n with_o master_n bodine_n by_o examine_v the_o price_n thereof_o within_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v without_o make_v any_o application_n thereof_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o conservation_n whereof_o prayer_n and_o mean_n be_v requisite_a at_o all_o time_n veritas_fw-la unita_fw-la valet_fw-la