july_n 18._o 1671._o on_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hales_n between_o nathaniel_n and_o john_n let_v plaintiff_n and_o leonar_n moresco_n widow_n defendant_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o case_n a_o accept_v bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v lose_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o accepter_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o upon_o hear_v by_o consent_n of_o counsel_n on_o both_o side_n a_o verdict_n be_v agree_v on_o in_o these_o word_n we_o find_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v that_o if_o the_o first_o bill_n which_o be_v accept_v be_v lose_v after_o acceptance_n and_o before_o payment_n thereof_o the_o merchant_n who_o accept_v such_o bill_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o second_o bill_n to_o the_o party_n by_o the_o bill_n appoint_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o or_o to_o such_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v by_o endorsement_n appoint_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n shall_v give_v unto_o the_o party_n so_o accept_n sufficient_a security_n to_o save_v he_o harmless_a for_o such_o payment_n and_o not_o otherwise_o with_o this_o case_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o party_n plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n it_o be_v not_o intend_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n proper_a to_o intermeddle_v nor_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o any_o person_n without_o knowledge_n of_o the_o particular_a circumstance_n attend_v it_o to_o give_v any_o judgement_n therein_o but_o because_o the_o right_n state_v and_o determine_v the_o general_a question_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n therein_o may_v be_v of_o universal_a concern_v and_o because_o on_o this_o occasion_n various_a discourse_n have_v be_v among_o merchant_n themselves_o who_o seem_v of_o different_a judgement_n and_o apprehension_n thereabouts_o it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o propose_v the_o same_o to_o the_o serious_a and_o mature_a consideration_n of_o merchant_n and_o to_o desire_v their_o judgement_n thereupon_o which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o rule_n in_o future_a and_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o settlement_n of_o other_o matter_n of_o like_a nature_n now_o controvert_v among_o merchant_n in_o order_n to_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o say_a question_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v first_o that_o general_o and_o universal_o all_o merchant_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o though_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n be_v lose_v yet_o that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v due_a ought_v not_o to_o lose_v the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o accepter_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n so_o as_o he_o may_v be_v secure_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o but_o once_o second_o that_o concern_v the_o way_n and_o manner_n whereby_o the_o accepter_n may_v be_v secure_v the_o merchant_n do_v not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o i._o some_o affirm_v that_o the_o party_n require_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o give_v good_a security_n by_o bond_n in_o a_o penal_a sum_n to_o the_o accepter_n to_o save_v he_o harmless_a against_o he_o accept_v bill_n and_o that_o unless_o such_o security_n be_v give_v to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o accepter_n the_o accepter_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n ii_o other_o affirm_v that_o though_o it_o be_v usual_a and_o oftentimes_o practise_v by_o merchant_n in_o such_o case_n to_o give_v security_n one_o to_o another_o to_o avoid_v trouble_n yet_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o custom_n to_o necessitate_v a_o merchant_n so_o to_o do_v or_o to_o debar_v he_o of_o his_o right_n for_o default_n thereof_o but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o merchant_n claim_v the_o money_n may_v bring_v his_o action_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o that_o if_o on_o trial_n he_o prove_v the_o acceptance_n of_o the_o first_o bill_n and_o his_o right_n and_o propriety_n to_o the_o money_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v judgement_n against_o the_o accepter_n for_o the_o principal_a sum_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cost_n of_o suit_n unless_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v by_o the_o accepter_n himself_o and_o the_o judgement_n in_o this_o case_n be_v a_o security_n to_o the_o accepter_n against_o the_o accept_v bill_n iii_o other_o affirm_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n after_o the_o usual_a time_n limit_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n to_o a_o person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v due_o endorse_v and_o his_o receipt_n and_o discharge_v thereon_o be_v of_o itself_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n a_o sufficient_a discharge_n of_o and_o security_n against_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n the_o reason_n and_o ground_n for_o each_o of_o these_o several_a opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o substance_n as_o follow_v those_o which_o assert_v the_o first_o opinion_n allege_v first_o that_o they_o have_v often_o know_v it_o practise_v in_o case_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o first_o accept_v bill_n that_o security_n have_v be_v give_v to_o save_v the_o accepter_n harmless_a and_o that_o they_o never_o know_v it_o otherwise_o second_o that_o the_o acceptation_n be_v that_o only_a which_o oblige_v the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v and_o that_o therefore_o he_o ought_v on_o payment_n to_o have_v up_o his_o obligation_n or_o else_o to_o be_v well_o secure_v against_o it_o three_o that_o if_o person_n be_v dishonest_a it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n may_v be_v endorse_v to_o one_o man_n and_o the_o second_o bill_n to_o another_o man_n in_o which_o case_n they_o do_v conceive_v he_o that_o have_v the_o accept_v bill_n be_v by_o preference_n entitle_v to_o the_o money_n so_o that_o if_o the_o accepter_n shall_v pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o not_o have_v good_a security_n if_o afterward_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n shall_v be_v find_v endorse_v to_o another_o that_o person_n will_v recover_v payment_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_v accept_v bill_n and_o so_o the_o accepter_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o bill_n twice_o beside_o the_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n of_o suit_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v secure_v against_o these_o inconvenience_n before_o he_o part_v with_o his_o money_n those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o opinion_n first_o they_o propose_v some_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o general_a as_o i._o that_o every_o usage_n or_o common_a practice_n among_o merchant_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n so_o as_o always_o to_o oblige_v many_o thing_n pass_v between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n in_o a_o way_n of_o civility_n and_o friendship_n by_o way_n of_o accommodation_n which_o can_v therefore_o present_o be_v call_v a_o custom_n as_o for_o instance_n it_o be_v usual_a and_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o merchant_n upon_o the_o take_n up_o and_o deliver_v of_o money_n by_o exchange_n that_o the_o party_n who_o take_v up_o the_o money_n and_o draw_v his_o bill_n do_v give_v his_o first_o bill_n on_o the_o post-day_n and_o send_v for_o his_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n a_o day_n or_o two_o after_o yet_o no_o merchant_n will_v say_v that_o this_o use_n and_o common_a practice_n be_v a_o oblige_a custom_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o common_a civility_n and_o that_o the_o party_n that_o draw_v the_o bill_n may_v by_o the_o true_a and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o merchant_n refuse_v to_o deliver_v any_o bill_n before_o he_o receive_v the_o money_n for_o the_o value_n therein_o express_v ii_o that_o no_o one_o two_o or_o more_o particular_a merchant_n affirm_v that_o they_o have_v know_v such_o a_o thing_n practise_v in_o in_o such_o a_o case_n and_o that_o they_o never_o know_v it_o otherwise_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o determine_v that_o practice_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n of_o merchant_n so_o as_o to_o oblige_v all_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n thereunto_o for_o though_o it_o may_v be_v so_o practise_v between_o some_o which_o those_o particular_a man_n hear_v of_o yet_o the_o same_o case_n may_v be_v contest_v by_o other_o and_o adjudge_v after_o another_o manner_n which_o they_o may_v never_o hear_v of_o iii_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n do_v not_o separate_v between_o justice_n and_o equity_n i._n e._n in_o english_a between_o law_n and_o chancery_n but_o both_o be_v comprehend_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o determination_n of_o any_o matter_n among_o merchant_n touch_v bill_n of_o exchange_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n so_o positive_a but_o that_o differ_a circumstance_n
may_v alter_v the_o case_n there_o be_v some_o common_a principle_n which_o be_v take_v for_o foundation_n and_o unalterable_a not_o so_o much_o because_o they_o be_v receive_v for_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n as_o that_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n just_a and_o equitable_a and_o carry_v the_o reason_n with_o they_o that_o bear_v testimony_n to_o and_o for_o they_o such_o be_v these_o follow_v that_o every_o man_n word_n shall_v be_v as_o good_a as_o his_o deed_n that_o every_o creditor_n must_v have_v a_o debtor_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v answer_v for_o his_o own_o act_n or_o for_o his_o own_o neglect_n and_o that_o thereby_o another_o shall_v not_o be_v detrimented_a these_o and_o such_o like_a be_v principle_n upon_o which_o all_o the_o several_a particular_a custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v found_v and_o be_v inviolable_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o there_o be_v no_o particular_a custom_n to_o which_o he_o not_o otherwise_o can_v be_v subjoin_v because_o the_o circumstance_n may_v vary_v the_o case_n for_o instance_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a custom_n of_o merchant_n that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o neglect_n of_o protest_v a_o bill_n within_o the_o time_n limit_v that_o then_o the_o drawer_n be_v discharge_v and_o the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n shall_v have_v no_o recourse_n against_o he_o for_o the_o same_o to_o explain_v this_o case_n suppose_v thomas_n receive_v of_o richard_n 100_o l._n and_o give_v to_o richard_n his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o sum_n on_o william_n of_o amsterdam_n payable_a to_o richard_n or_o his_o order_n at_o 2_o usance_n this_o bill_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o william_n at_o amsterdam_n nor_o protest_v in_o due_a time_n for_o non_fw-fr payment_n by_o richard_n or_o his_o assign_v yet_o richard_n come_v and_o require_v satisfaction_n of_o thomas_n if_o the_o question_n be_v bare_o and_o single_o put_v to_o most_o merchant_n whether_o richard_n that_o pay_v the_o value_n have_v recourse_n on_o thomas_n the_o drawer_n in_o case_n the_o bill_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o william_n on_o who_o be_v be_v draw_v it_o be_v probable_a they_o will_v ready_o answer_v that_o richard_n have_v his_o recourse_n on_o thomas_n the_o drawer_n or_o that_o thomas_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o richard_n if_o the_o bill_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o william_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o a_o protest_v make_v for_o non_fw-la payment_n in_o due_a time_n and_o not_o otherwise_o and_o that_o they_o have_v often_o know_v that_o the_o drawer_n be_v discharge_v and_o no_o way_n liable_a unless_o a_o protest_v for_o non_fw-fr payment_n be_v make_v in_o due_a time_n without_o which_o they_o never_o know_v that_o the_o drawer_n be_v chargeable_a this_o answer_n seem_v very_o plausible_a but_o let_v the_o matter_n be_v examine_v the_o case_n be_v this_o thomas_n have_v no_o money_n or_o effect_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o william_n on_o who_o he_o draw_v the_o bill_n nor_o be_v william_n any_o way_n indebt_v to_o thomas_n but_o thomas_n have_v occasion_n for_o money_n take_v up_o this_o money_n of_o richard_n and_o give_v he_o his_o bill_n for_o the_o same_o on_o william_n hope_v he_o will_v honour_v his_o bill_n and_o order_n he_o upon_o payment_n to_o redraw_v the_o money_n on_o he_o again_o which_o he_o promise_v william_n to_o pay_v richard_n by_o neglect_n keep_v the_o bill_n by_o he_o or_o send_v they_o to_o other_o place_n to_o negotiate_v so_o that_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o bill_n come_v not_o to_o amsterdam_n till_o the_o time_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n there_o for_o make_v the_o protest_v be_v expire_v when_o the_o bill_n be_v present_v to_o william_n he_o return_v answer_v to_o a_o protest_v then_o make_v after_o the_o limit_a time_n that_o he_o will_v not_o accept_v or_o pay_v the_o say_a bill_n richard_n return_v back_o to_o thomas_n who_o answer_v that_o the_o protest_v be_v not_o make_v in_o due_a time_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n discharge_v if_o this_o shall_v be_v take_v for_o good_a then_o richard_n will_v be_v a_o creditor_n without_o a_o debtor_n william_n can_v not_o be_v his_o debtor_n because_o he_o do_v never_o accept_v the_o bill_n and_o thomas_n shall_v not_o be_v his_o debtor_n because_o the_o protest_v be_v not_o make_v in_o time_n then_o thomas_z will_v gain_v 100_o l._n for_o nothing_o and_o richard_n will_v lose_v as_o much_o can_v this_o rational_o consist_v with_o justice_n and_o good_a conscience_n and_o if_o not_o no_o more_o can_v it_o consist_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n which_o be_v bottom_v on_o that_o foundation_n the_o case_n be_v on_o evidence_n make_v out_o to_o be_v as_o above_o express_v thomas_n shall_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v oblige_v to_o repay_v the_o money_n to_o richard_n and_o those_o very_a merchant_n which_o give_v their_o opinion_n in_o the_o general_n with_o a_o not_o otherwise_o will_v no_o doubt_n on_o the_o consideration_n of_o these_o circumstance_n subscribe_v hereunto_o if_o the_o case_n have_v this_o variation_n from_o what_o be_v above_o that_o william_n be_v real_o indebt_v to_o thomas_n then_o thomas_n shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v back_o or_o to_o answer_v the_o money_n to_o richard_n but_o only_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o assign_v unto_o richard_n so_o much_o of_o his_o debt_n owe_v by_o william_n as_o the_o say_a bill_n do_v amount_v to_o it_o will_v not_o be_v material_a whether_o william_n be_v solvent_a or_o insolvent_a for_o that_o richard_n by_o neglect_v to_o protest_v in_o time_n have_v lose_v the_o security_n of_o thomas_n and_o so_o be_v to_o take_v william_n only_o for_o his_o debt_n whether_o he_o be_v good_a or_o bad_a if_o the_o case_n have_v this_o variation_n that_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v accept_v by_o william_n then_o richard_n shall_v have_v no_o recourse_n at_o all_o on_o thomas_n but_o have_v william_n oblige_v by_o his_o acceptance_n shall_v take_v he_o only_o for_o his_o debtor_n and_o in_o case_n of_o william_n insolvency_n and_o that_o thomas_n draw_v the_o money_n only_o on_o his_o credit_n thomas_n may_v if_o he_o will_v repay_v the_o money_n to_o richard_n and_o take_v up_o the_o bill_n which_o be_v esteem_v fair_a deal_n but_o if_o he_o will_v not_o richard_n have_v no_o right_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o enforce_v he_o but_o in_o this_o case_n richard_n must_v come_v in_o as_o a_o creditor_n to_o william_n and_o thomas_n must_v be_v charge_v as_o a_o debtor_n to_o william_n have_v thus_o premise_v these_o thing_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o general_n second_o they_o allege_v that_o in_o some_o case_n and_o under_o some_o circumstance_n though_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v lose_v yet_o there_o may_v be_v no_o need_n to_o require_v security_n of_o the_o party_n that_o demand_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n nor_o any_o reason_n for_o he_o to_o give_v it_o and_o so_o the_o general_n assertion_n before_o lay_v down_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v with_o a_o not_o otherwise_o i._o if_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v payable_a to_o a_o person_n direct_o without_o any_o expression_n of_o order_n as_o thus_o at_o double_a usance_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n a._n b._n five_o hundred_o crown_n at_o 56_o d._n per_fw-la crown_n value_n of_o mr._n c._n d._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n as_o per_fw-la advice_n of_o e._n f._n to_o mr._n g._n h._n merchant_n in_o london_n all_o merchant_n will_v agree_v that_o a._n b._n have_v no_o power_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o endorse_v or_o assign_v the_o same_o to_o any_o other_o and_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v take_v upon_o he_o so_o to_o do_v yet_o such_o endorsment_n be_v invalid_a and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o such_o bill_n be_v endorsed_n can_v have_v any_o recourse_n upon_o the_o accepter_n in_o his_o own_o name_n or_o right_n by_o virtue_n of_o such_o endorsement_n and_o that_o g._n h._n be_v only_o liable_a to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o a._n b._n and_o to_o no_o other_o unless_o c._n d._n who_o pay_v the_o value_n shall_v before_o the_o actual_a payment_n countermand_v the_o same_o which_o not_o be_v do_v though_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n be_v lose_v it_o will_v be_v altogether_o needless_a for_o g._n h._n to_o require_v security_n of_o a._n b._n because_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n to_o a._n b._n and_o his_o receipt_n do_v full_o discharge_v g._n h._n the_o accepter_n from_o that_o parcel_n ii_o that_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v not_o only_o lose_v that_o be_v to_o say_v mislay_v or_o out_o of_o the_o way_n for_o the_o present_a but_o extinct_a and_o destroy_v
may_v possible_o in_o some_o case_n as_o in_o destruction_n by_o fire_n or_o shipwreck_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o sufficient_o evidence_v and_o if_o so_o then_o it_o will_v be_v unnecessary_a to_o require_v security_n against_o that_o which_o be_v certain_o know_v not_o to_o be_v iii_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o sometime_o accidental_o whereof_o there_o be_v experience_n that_o the_o accept_v bill_n have_v be_v lose_v by_o the_o person_n that_o accept_v it_o or_o by_o his_o servant_n and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n on_o the_o second_o bill_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o give_v security_n three_o they_o say_v if_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v admit_v that_o on_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o accept_v bill_n the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n shall_v be_v remediless_a without_o first_o give_v security_n many_o inconvenience_n may_v ensue_v i._o it_o be_v probable_a some_o person_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o give_v security_n and_o yet_o of_o such_o person_n there_o will_v be_v the_o great_a reason_n to_o require_v it_o but_o that_o a_o poor_a man_n in_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v lose_v his_o money_n and_o another_o enjoy_v it_o without_o any_o right_n will_v be_v very_o unjust_a ii_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n remit_v by_o exchange_n be_v for_o the_o account_n of_o person_n reside_v beyond_o sea_n and_o what_o factor_n will_v be_v willing_a to_o become_v security_n and_o procure_v another_o also_o to_o be_v security_n with_o he_o who_o he_o must_v indemnify_v when_o as_o he_o must_v depart_v with_o the_o money_n present_o but_o his_o bond_n lie_v out_o against_o he_o forever_o so_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o foreigner_n will_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n and_o hereby_o the_o trade_n may_v be_v discourage_v and_o lessen_v iii_o may_v not_o a_o person_n out_o of_o design_n to_o gain_v time_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o money_n pretend_v he_o have_v accept_v a_o bill_n when_o he_o never_o do_v and_o so_o if_o both_o bill_n can_v be_v produce_v remain_v with_o the_o money_n it_o have_v be_v several_a time_n know_v that_o when_o money_n have_v be_v demand_v on_o a_o bill_n not_o accept_v answer_n have_v be_v make_v on_o the_o protest_v by_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v that_o he_o have_v accept_v the_o other_o bill_n when_o as_o in_o some_o time_n after_o both_o bill_n have_v be_v produce_v and_o neither_o of_o they_o accept_v now_o if_o the_o other_o bill_n have_v miscarry_v the_o falsity_n can_v not_o have_v be_v detect_v iv._o the_o accepter_n on_o this_o pretext_n to_o gain_v time_n and_o keep_v the_o money_n may_v be_v over_o curious_a and_o dislike_v the_o security_n tender_v and_o if_o it_o be_v answer_v to_o this_o that_o then_o the_o party_n may_v bring_v his_o action_n and_o the_o court_n will_v judge_v of_o the_o security_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v 1._o that_o this_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o beget_v suit_n instead_o of_o prevent_v they_o 2._o that_o it_o may_v deter_v man_n from_o offer_v themselves_o as_o security_n lest_o they_o shall_v thereby_o come_v to_o have_v their_o credit_n question_v in_o a_o public_a court_n and_o so_o render_v it_o more_o difficult_a to_o obtain_v security_n 3._o it_o will_v be_v a_o double_a charge_n if_o the_o security_n be_v not_o approve_v or_o allow_v of_o four_o they_o say_v the_o only_a reason_n of_o require_v security_n be_v to_o indemnify_v the_o party_n that_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o bill_n that_o he_o be_v not_o charge_v twice_o for_o the_o same_o parcel_n but_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o he_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o the_o right_a party_n this_o they_o conceive_v be_v do_v by_o a_o trial_n at_o law_n and_o a_o judgement_n thereupon_o because_o on_o trial_n the_o court_n will_v examine_v all_o circumstance_n and_o the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n must_v prove_v his_o right_n and_o propriety_n obj._n suppose_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o a._n b._n or_o his_o order_n and_o that_o a._n b._n have_v endorsed_n the_o accept_v bill_n to_o l._n m._n and_o the_o other_o bill_n not_o accept_v to_o j._n k._n and_o take_v a_o value_n of_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v not_o l._n m._n have_v the_o accept_v bill_n recover_v payment_n of_o g._n h._n notwithstanding_o his_o former_a payment_n to_o j._n k._n on_o the_o other_o bill_n unaccept_v or_o any_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n that_o it_o be_v only_o the_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n that_o oblige_v g._n h._n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v to_o the_o payment_n and_o that_o endorsement_n of_o bill_n among_o merchant_n do_v transfer_v property_n answ_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o payment_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bill_n to_o j._n k._n in_o case_n the_o say_a bill_n be_v due_o endorse_v by_o a._n b._n to_o he_o and_o pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o due_a term_n limit_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v a_o good_a payment_n of_o that_o parcel_n and_o a_o due_a discharge_n to_o the_o accepter_n of_o his_o acceptance_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v accept_v as_o a_o good_a plea_n in_o bar_n to_o any_o action_n bring_v by_o l._n m._n on_o the_o accept_v bill_n against_o g._n h._n the_o accepter_n or_o e._n f._n the_o drawer_n if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n that_o have_v determine_v the_o endorsement_n to_o be_v due_o make_v and_o so_o there_o will_v need_v no_o other_o matter_n to_o be_v examine_v but_o the_o payment_n for_o the_o clear_n this_o matter_n upon_o which_o the_o main_a difficulty_n depend_v it_o must_v be_v consider_v first_o that_o though_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o bill_n give_v viz._n first_o second_o and_o three_o yet_o they_o be_v all_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v but_o one_o parcel_n and_o the_o give_v of_o several_a bill_n be_v intend_v to_o supply_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v by_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o post_n or_o other_o accident_n and_o therefore_o to_o part_n not_o far_o remote_a as_o to_o france_n holland_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v usual_o give_v but_o two_o bill_n first_o and_o second_o and_o to_o part_n more_o remote_a as_o to_o venice_n italy_n &c_n &c_n there_o be_v give_v three_o bill_n first_o second_o and_o three_o second_o that_o the_o tenor_n of_o every_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v conditional_a to_o pay_v the_o one_o the_o other_z not_o be_v pay_v this_o condition_n be_v always_o express_v in_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o first_o however_o it_o be_v always_o employ_v for_o a_o first_o denote_v there_o be_v a_o second_o and_o among_o merchant_n it_o be_v always_o so_o understand_v and_o therefore_o when_o they_o give_v but_o one_o bill_n it_o be_v usual_o express_v pay_v this_o my_o sole_n or_o my_o only_a bill_n three_o that_o the_o acceptance_n of_o one_o bill_n do_v oblige_v the_o accepter_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o parcel_n and_o be_v not_o nor_o aught_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o particular_a bill_n underwrite_v or_o to_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v endorsed_n but_o be_v understand_v general_o of_o the_o parcel_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o such_o person_n as_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fall_a due_a of_o the_o bill_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o demand_v and_o receive_v the_o same_o that_o the_o acceptance_n be_v not_o restrain_v to_o the_o bill_n underwritten_a but_o be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o parcel_n which_o take_v in_o all_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v suppose_v no_o merchant_n acquaint_v with_o the_o trade_n and_o course_n of_o exchange_n will_v deny_v yet_o if_o any_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o accepter_n be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o the_o bill_n underwritten_a and_o not_o to_o the_o parcel_n general_o and_o that_o upon_o the_o acceptance_n of_o one_o bill_n the_o other_o be_v render_v invalid_a and_o become_v only_a scroll_n they_o be_v desire_v to_o consider_v i._o whether_o this_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o very_a design_n and_o end_n of_o give_v two_o bill_n which_o be_v to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n may_v happen_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o one_o ii_o whether_o this_o will_v not_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n cut_v off_o the_o trade_n and_o accommodation_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n bill_n be_v send_v for_o acceptance_n and_o then_o transmit_v to_o other_o place_n to_o negotiate_v but_o who_o will_v dare_v to_o adventure_v a_o accept_v bill_n if_o the_o miscarriage_n thereof_o shall_v be_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o money_n that_o the_o acceptance_n can_v be_v
restrain_v to_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v payable_a or_o endorsed_n be_v evident_a because_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n the_o person_n that_o pay_v the_o value_n have_v power_n of_o countermand_v the_o payment_n at_o any_o time_n before_o it_o be_v due_a and_o actual_o pay_v or_o due_o endorsed_n to_o another_o and_o in_o case_n of_o endorsement_n it_o be_v the_o same_o still_o for_o he_o that_o pay_v the_o value_n on_o the_o last_o endorsement_n have_v the_o power_n of_o revocation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v so_o unsafe_a for_o a_o merchant_n to_o pay_v a_o bill_n before_o it_o be_v due_a because_o if_o he_o that_o pay_v the_o value_n do_v signify_v a_o countermand_n before_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a and_o make_v out_o his_o title_n to_o the_o money_n he_o that_o pay_v the_o bill_n before_o due_a shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o have_v pay_v it_o in_o his_o own_o wrong_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v it_o again_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v his_o accept_v bill_n deliver_v he_o up_o by_o the_o other_o four_o that_o the_o acceptance_n of_o a_o bill_n be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o tenor_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o condition_n therein_o express_v or_o employ_v viz._n to_o pay_v one_o the_o other_z not_o pay_v and_o so_o the_o obligation_n by_o the_o acceptance_n be_v to_o the_o parcel_n and_o not_o to_o any_o of_o the_o bill_n distinct_o and_o separately_z but_o conditional_o so_o that_o g._n h._n have_v pay_v j._n k._n may_v true_o and_o just_o answer_v to_o l._n m._n demand_v by_o his_o underwritten_a bill_n that_o he_o have_v perform_v what_o his_o obligation_n by_o his_o acceptance_n oblige_v he_o to_o viz._n to_o pay_v the_o parcel_n i._n e._n one_o bill_n the_o other_o not_o be_v pay_v and_o this_o plea_n in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o take_v as_o that_o of_o condition_n perform_v to_o a_o bond_n in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o law_n be_v five_o though_o endorsement_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v among_o merchant_n transfer_a property_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n of_o preference_n so_o as_o positive_o to_o determine_v the_o right_a to_o be_v in_o one_o and_o not_o in_o the_o other_o in_o the_o case_n allege_v i._o suppose_v l._n m._n with_o the_o accept_v bill_n endorse_v to_o he_o and_o j._n k._n with_o the_o other_o bill_n endorsed_n to_o he_o come_v both_o together_o at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n to_o demand_v the_o money_n of_o g._n h._n it_o be_v suppose_v there_o be_v no_o custom_n of_o merchant_n oblige_v he_o to_o pay_v this_o and_o not_o that_o but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o g._n h._n to_o pay_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v though_o it_o may_v be_v best_a for_o he_o to_o prevent_v trouble_n to_o pay_v neither_o and_o to_o keep_v the_o money_n till_o the_o matter_n be_v determine_v which_o in_o foreign_a part_n will_v be_v in_o a_o day_n or_o two_o by_o the_o court_n consulate_v but_o in_o england_n if_o he_o be_v sue_v he_o may_v pay_v the_o money_n into_o chancery_n and_o thereby_o be_v discharge_v and_o leave_v the_o two_o competitor_n to_o try_v their_o title_n if_o he_o resolve_v to_o pay_v one_o it_o will_v be_v ready_o grant_v that_o in_o prudence_n he_o will_v choose_v to_o pay_v he_o that_o have_v the_o accept_v bill_n thereby_o to_o take_v up_o his_o firm_a ii_o suppose_v as_o this_o case_n be_v that_o the_o first_o bill_n accept_v do_v not_o appear_v at_o the_o time_n limit_v for_o payment_n but_o only_o the_o second_o bill_n endorsed_n by_o a._n b._n to_o j._n k._n in_o this_o case_n there_o can_v be_v a_o preference_n because_o there_o appear_v but_o one_o claimer_n that_o which_o our_o law_n in_o some_o case_n give_v a_o right_a by_o way_n of_o preference_n viz._n the_o time_n of_o assignment_n as_o in_o mortgage_n the_o first_o take_v place_n will_v not_o here_o be_v material_a the_o doubt_n be_v about_o the_o acceptance_n and_o not_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o endorsement_n oftentimes_o there_o be_v no_o date_n put_v to_o the_o endorsement_n on_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o when_o there_o be_v it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n may_v be_v endorsed_n after_o the_o second_o obj_o it_o be_v further_a object_v that_o l._n m._n who_o pay_v his_o money_n to_o a._n b._n upon_o the_o endorsement_n of_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n to_o he_o may_v not_o do_v it_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o a._n b._n the_o endorse_a nor_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o e._n f._n the_o drawer_n but_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o g._n h._n and_o his_o acceptance_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v trust_v a._n b._n but_o depend_v on_o g._n h._n the_o accepter_n whereas_o j._n k._n who_o take_v the_o endorsement_n of_o a._n b._n on_o the_o second_o bill_n must_v needs_o be_v understand_v pure_o to_o trust_v a._n b._n in_o the_o case_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o l._n m._n in_o confidence_n of_o the_o solvability_n of_o g._n h._n the_o accepter_n may_v not_o send_v for_o the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n know_v the_o accepter_n to_o be_v always_o liable_a and_o if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n g._n h._n shall_v pay_v the_o money_n to_o j._n k._n on_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o that_o thereby_o l._n m._n shall_v be_v debar_v of_o any_o recourse_n against_o g._n h._n the_o accepter_n he_o shall_v be_v remediless_a not_o have_v protest_v in_o time_n which_o will_v bar_v all_o civility_n and_o also_o obstruct_v the_o trade_n by_o hinder_v the_o negotiate_v of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n answ_n this_o objection_n be_v found_v on_o supposition_n and_o irregularity_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o language_n of_o a_o goldsmith_n banker_n and_o not_o of_o a_o know_a merchant_n for_o the_o clear_n the_o same_o first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o of_o late_a year_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n or_o sort_n of_o negotiate_v bill_n of_o eexchange_n one_o very_o ancient_a between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o a_o bill_n on_o amsterdam_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o paris_n etc._n etc._n one_o and_o the_o same_o bill_n by_o several_a endorsement_n supply_v several_a man_n occasion_n in_o distinct_a place_n the_o other_o very_o novel_a in_o england_n between_o the_o goldsmith_n banker_n and_o the_o merchant_n or_o factor_n the_o goldsmith_n by_o way_n of_o discount_n advance_v the_o money_n and_o the_o other_o assign_v he_o the_o bill_n second_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o rule_n to_o every_o man_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n to_o take_v care_n that_o he_o deliver_v his_o money_n to_o a_o sufficient_a responsible_a person_n whereas_o the_o first_o supposition_n in_o the_o objection_n be_v that_o l._n m._n pay_v his_o money_n to_o a._n b._n on_o the_o credit_n of_o g._n h._n the_o accepter_n and_o not_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o a._n b._n the_o endorse_a etc._n etc._n it_o be_v answer_v that_o j._n k._n may_v pretend_v also_o that_o he_o pay_v his_o money_n on_o the_o credit_n of_o e._n f._n the_o drawer_n and_o not_o on_o the_o credit_n of_o a._n b._n the_o endorse_a and_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v as_o fatal_a to_o j._n k._n if_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v pay_v to_o l._n m._n for_o that_o he_o can_v never_o have_v recourse_n on_o e._n f._n the_o drawer_n but_o only_o on_o a._n b._n the_o endorse_a and_o the_o like_a recourse_n may_z l._n m._n have_v though_o the_o protest_v be_v not_o make_v in_o time_n l._n m._n shall_v have_v take_v care_n to_o who_o he_o deliver_v his_o money_n and_o if_o he_o look_v on_o the_o accepter_n only_o he_o therein_o act_v irregular_o and_o the_o same_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o argument_n on_o his_o behalf_n if_o it_o be_v serious_o examine_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o many_o if_o not_o most_o of_o the_o fraud_n and_o abuse_n touch_v bill_n of_o exchange_n have_v rise_v or_o be_v occasion_v from_o this_o irregular_a proceed_n in_o not_o observe_v the_o rule_n abovemention_v whence_o be_v it_o that_o some_o person_n when_o their_o credit_n be_v low_a that_o they_o can_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n do_v pretend_v to_o deliver_v money_n by_o exchange_n and_o cause_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o they_o or_o order_n negotiate_v the_o first_o bill_n which_o be_v deliver_v on_o the_o post-day_n on_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o drawer_n and_o thereupon_o receive_v the_o money_n and_o present_o absent_v themselves_o and_o never_o pay_v the_o value_n to_o the_o drawer_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o some_o factor_n design_v to_o make_v a_o advantage_n by_o failure_n have_v bill_n send_v they_o
to_o receive_v for_o other_o man_n account_n do_v negotiate_v or_o rather_o discount_n the_o bill_n with_o goldsmith-banker_n and_o thereby_o defeat_v their_o principal_n but_o from_o this_o that_o the_o banker_n who_o make_v great_a advantage_n on_o such_o occasion_n rest_n and_o rely_v on_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o drawer_n or_o accepter_n and_o thus_o upon_o this_o supposition_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o person_n who_o be_v or_o will_v be_v repute_v honest_a man_n do_v for_o gain_v become_v assistant_n and_o helpful_a to_o other_o to_o carry_v on_o unjust_a and_o fraudulent_a design_n it_o be_v true_a that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v payable_a to_o such_o a_o person_n or_o order_n be_v endorsed_n by_o he_o for_o a_o value_n receive_v aught_o to_o have_v their_o course_n and_o in_o such_o case_n the_o goldsmith_n banker_n will_v say_v the_o merchant_n ought_v to_o have_v take_v care_n who_o he_o entrust_v and_o may_v it_o not_o with_o as_o much_o and_o more_o reason_n be_v say_v to_o the_o banker_n in_o the_o present_a case_n they_o shall_v have_v take_v care_n who_o they_o entrust_v and_o deliver_v their_o money_n to_o three_o that_o in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n all_o punctuality_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o well_o in_o demand_v the_o money_n on_o a_o bill_n as_o in_o pay_v it_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o accepter_n be_v always_o bind_v for_o the_o parcel_n until_o payment_n but_o if_o any_o will_v forbear_v or_o neglect_v to_o send_v for_o his_o money_n in_o the_o proper_a time_n such_o neglect_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o any_o but_o himself_o a_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n firm_v three_o bill_n of_o lade_n for_o a_o bag_n of_o 500_o piece_n of_o eight_o receive_v at_o cadiz_n from_o william_n to_o be_v deliver_v at_o london_n to_o he_o or_o his_o order_n the_o master_n keep_v one_o bill_n william_n keep_v the_o other_o two_o one_o of_o which_o he_o assign_v to_o richard_n for_o the_o value_n of_o he_o the_o other_o he_o assign_v to_o thomas_n for_o the_o value_n of_o he_o the_o ship_n arrive_v at_o london_n richard_n forbear_v or_o neglect_v for_o some_o day_n to_o send_v for_o the_o bag_n of_o money_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n thomas_n send_v his_o bill_n of_o lade_n receive_v the_o bag_n of_o money_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o bill_n of_o lade_n with_o a_o receipt_n thereon_o shall_v richard_n in_o this_o case_n have_v any_o other_o recourse_n than_o against_o william_n who_o deal_v unjust_o in_o assign_v one_o parcel_n to_o two_o person_n and_o he_o can_v blame_v the_o master_n for_o deliver_v the_o money_n to_o thomas_n but_o himself_o for_o not_o send_v for_o it_o soon_o so_o in_o the_o present_a case_n l._n m_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o blame_v g._n h._n for_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o j._n k._n but_o rather_o to_o blame_v himself_o for_o not_o send_v for_o it_o soon_o four_o to_o that_o supposition_n in_o the_o objection_n that_o this_o will_v obstruct_v trade_n by_o hinder_v the_o negotiate_v of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v from_o what_o be_v before_o allege_v that_o the_o fraudulent_a and_o unjust_a negotiation_n of_o bill_n by_o insolvent_a person_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v thereby_o prevent_v but_o the_o mercantile_fw-la and_o true_a negotiate_v of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n by_o person_n of_o credit_n will_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n preserve_v it_o be_v a_o principle_n take_v for_o grant_v in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n that_o all_o merchant_n trade_n in_o exchange_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v person_n of_o credit_n able_a to_o draw_v by_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o the_o damage_n recoverable_a in_o case_n of_o protest_v for_o non_fw-fr payment_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v only_o the_o common_a charge_n of_o the_o protest_v commission_n and_o port_n of_o letter_n and_o the_o rechange_v that_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o price_n between_o the_o redrawing_a and_o the_o remittance_n and_o nothing_o can_v ever_o advance_v the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n or_o uphold_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v manage_v by_o person_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n the_o objecter_n will_v introduce_v a_o new_a principle_n and_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v negotiate_v by_o person_n of_o no_o credit_n or_o estate_n such_o as_o he_o dare_v not_o trust_v of_o themselves_o and_o that_o he_o may_v continue_v to_o deal_v with_o i._n e._n to_o fleece_n these_o secure_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o his_o objection_n and_o the_o trade_n he_o fear_n will_v be_v obstruct_v the_o result_n upon_o the_o whole_a from_o these_o several_a discourse_n and_o argumentation_n there_o may_v arise_v a_o determination_n of_o two_o question_n first_o what_o course_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o case_n a_o accept_v bill_n be_v lose_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v resolve_v thus_o i._o that_o the_o accepter_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o acceptance_n underwrite_v on_o one_o bill_n be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o parcel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o bill_n or_o the_o other_o or_o if_o one_o miscarry_v than_o the_o other_o ii_o that_o if_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o accepter_n himself_o or_o his_o servant_n than_o he_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o other_o bill_n without_o require_v security_n iii_o that_o though_o the_o accept_v bill_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o the_o accepter_n or_o his_o servant_n yet_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a to_o such_o a_o person_n and_o not_o to_o he_o or_o his_o order_n and_o no_o countermand_n signify_v to_o he_o the_o accepter_n may_v with_o safety_n pay_v the_o money_n to_o he_o on_o the_o second_o bill_n without_o any_o other_o security_n than_o a_o discharge_n for_o the_o same_o iv._o that_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a to_o order_n the_o accepter_n on_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n on_o the_o other_o bill_n may_v require_v security_n to_o indemnify_v he_o from_o the_o accept_v bill_n or_o any_o trouble_n and_o charge_n arise_v by_o reason_n thereof_o which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v comply_v with_o be_v a_o good_a way_n of_o accommodation_n and_o have_v be_v often_o practise_v v._o the_o not_o give_v security_n in_o this_o case_n ought_v not_o to_o render_v the_o accepter_n unactionable_a or_o destroy_v the_o right_n of_o the_o party_n claim_v the_o money_n by_o the_o other_o bill_n vi_o that_o the_o accepter_n pay_v the_o money_n to_o a_o person_n to_o who_o the_o other_o bill_n be_v right_o endorsed_n after_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o custom_n for_o payment_n and_o have_v up_o the_o say_a bill_n and_o a_o discharge_n thereon_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v further_a chargeable_a by_o the_o bill_n on_o which_o the_o acceptance_n be_v under-written_a vii_o that_o the_o accepter_n if_o he_o be_v not_o content_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n on_o the_o other_o bill_n and_o that_o the_o demandant_n and_o he_o can_v agree_v thereabouts_o yet_o the_o accepter_n if_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n of_o repute_n and_o credit_n and_o without_o sinister_a design_n will_v maintain_v the_o honour_n of_o exchange_n and_o be_v ready_a as_o he_o ought_v be_v there_o a_o court_n merchant_n in_o england_n to_o pay_v the_o money_n into_o the_o court_n which_o shall_v be_v his_o security_n for_o that_o parcel_n against_o all_o claimer_n whether_o this_o be_v practicable_a in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n learned_a counsel_n must_v direct_v however_o if_o the_o accepter_n be_v sue_v at_o the_o common_a law_n he_o may_v address_v to_o chancery_n pay_v the_o money_n into_o that_o court_n and_o take_v the_o indemnity_n thereof_o second_o what_o course_n be_v to_o be_v take_v when_o one_o parcel_n be_v real_o transfer_v to_o two_o person_n the_o accept_v bill_n to_o one_o the_o other_o bill_n to_o another_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o resolve_v i._o when_o there_o appear_v but_o one_o of_o the_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n limit_v for_o payment_n the_o payment_n thereof_o aught_o to_o discharge_v the_o accepter_n of_o the_o parcel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o other_o bill_n or_o bill_n this_o case_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o other_o question_n there_o it_o be_v in_o supposition_n here_o in_o reality_n therefore_o the_o resolve_n to_o that_o may_v be_v applicable_a to_o this_o ii_o when_o both_o bill_n appear_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n it_o be_v in_o the_o accepter_n his_o choice_n to_o pay_v either_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a custom_n of_o merchant_n that_o give_v right_o by_o preference_n iii_o that_o though_o it_o be_v in_o his_o choice_n to_o pay_v either_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v most_o advisable_a if_o he_o pay_v any_o to_o pay_v the_o accept_v
bill_n that_o so_o he_o may_v take_v up_o his_o firm_a iv._o that_o it_o be_v best_o in_o that_o case_n for_o the_o accepter_n to_o pay_v neither_o but_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n into_o court_n as_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o seven_o resolve_v on_o the_o former_a question_n v._o that_o in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v equal_a and_o prevent_v trouble_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o two_o demandant_n to_o agree_v and_o joint_o to_o bear_v the_o hazard_n or_o loss_n vi_o that_o where_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o that_o the_o whole_a money_n be_v pay_v and_o adjudge_v to_o one_o the_o other_o ought_v to_o have_v his_o recourse_n only_o against_o the_o endorse_a who_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v good_a not_o only_o the_o principal_a but_o all_o charge_n and_o damage_n and_o that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o time_n of_o the_o protest_v will_v not_o be_v material_a the_o redemand_v of_o the_o money_n not_o be_v for_o any_o failure_n of_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o fall_a due_a of_o foreign_a bill_n of_o exchange_n many_o dispute_n have_v of_o late_a year_n arisen_a among_o merchant_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o fall_a due_a of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o make_n of_o protest_v in_o the_o due_a and_o limit_a time_n for_o when_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n some_o apprehend_v bill_n to_o be_v due_a soon_o by_o over_o diligence_n discontent_n animosity_n and_o quarrel_n be_v occasion_v among_o merchant_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n while_o other_o take_v they_o to_o be_v due_a late_a by_o neglect_n they_o run_v into_o hazard_n and_o inconvenience_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v requisite_a and_o a_o very_a necessary_a work_n so_o to_o settle_v this_o by_o a_o universal_a concurrence_n of_o merchant_n that_o in_o future_a all_o quarrel_n and_o dispute_n herein_o may_v be_v prevent_v in_o order_n to_o which_o upon_o this_o occasion_n that_o which_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o the_o difficulty_n and_o difference_n concern_v this_o particular_a be_v also_o humble_o offer_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o merchant_n these_o difficulty_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o new_a and_o old_a style_n and_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o month_n of_o the_o calendar_n some_o month_n have_v 31_o day_n some_o but_o 30_o and_o february_n but_o 28_o except_o in_o the_o leap-year_n the_o first_o case_n bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v from_o paris_n payable_a in_o london_n at_o 2_o usance_n and_o bear_v date_n the_o 6_o december_n 6_o january_n 6_o march_n 6_o july_n 6_o august_n to_o find_v out_o when_o these_o bill_n be_v due_a in_o london_n first_o some_o do_v examine_v when_o they_o will_v have_v be_v due_a in_o foreign_a part_n reckon_v the_o 2_o usance_n from_o the_o date_n and_o then_o substract_v the_o 10_o day_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o style_n as_o thus_o 2_o usance_n from_o the_o 6_o december_n be_v the_o 6_o feb._n the_o 6_o february_n new_a style_n be_v the_o 27_o january_n old_a style_n and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o bill_n above_o to_o fall_v due_a in_o london_n the_o 27_o january_n 24_o february_n 26_o april_n 27_o august_n 26_o october_n for_o reason_n of_o this_o their_o way_n and_o opinion_n they_o allege_v that_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v in_o france_n the_o 2_o usance_n ought_v to_o be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o computation_n in_o france_n second_o other_o do_v examine_v what_o the_o true_a date_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v according_a to_o the_o english_a account_n and_o substract_v the_o 10_o day_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o style_n from_o the_o date_n they_o then_o reckon_v the_o 2_o usance_n as_o thus_o the_o 6_o december_n new_a style_n be_v the_o 26_o november_n old_a style_n 2_o usance_n from_o the_o 26_o november_n be_v the_o 26_o january_n and_o according_o they_o account_v the_o bill_n before_o mention_v to_o fall_v due_a the_o 26_o january_n 27_o february_n 24_o april_n 26_o august_n 27_o october_n to_o evidence_n this_o manner_n of_o reckon_v to_o be_v the_o true_a and_o right_a way_n and_o that_o the_o other_o be_v not_o proper_a nor_o aught_o to_o be_v settle_v it_o be_v allege_v first_o that_o the_o command_n or_o direction_n by_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v to_o the_o merchant_n in_o london_n to_o pay_v such_o a_o sum_n in_o london_n at_o 2_o usance_n which_o do_v necessary_o imply_v 2_o month_n to_o be_v account_v in_o london_n from_o the_o date_n though_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v in_o france_n yet_o its_o reference_n be_v to_o the_o merchant_n in_o london_n who_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o there_o at_o such_o a_o time_n if_o the_o 2_o usance_n shall_v be_v calculate_v according_a to_o the_o account_n in_o france_n it_o will_v fall_v out_o that_o sometime_o there_o will_v want_v in_o london_n 3_o day_n of_o 2_o month_n as_o in_o the_o bill_n dated_n the_o 6_o january_n and_o at_o another_o time_n there_o will_v be_v 2_o day_n more_o than_o 2_o month_n as_o on_o the_o bill_n dated_n the_o 6_o march_n whereas_o the_o merchant_n in_o london_n ought_v to_o have_v 2_o month_n time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o money_n which_o calculate_v according_o to_o the_o second_o opinion_n he_o will_v always_o have_v second_o if_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o account_v be_v allow_v it_o will_v fall_v out_o when_o both_o style_n be_v put_v to_o some_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o but_o one_o style_n to_o other_o though_o all_o from_o one_o place_n and_o of_o one_o day_n that_o there_o will_v be_v two_o or_o three_o day_n difference_n between_o the_o fall_a due_a of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o as_o suppose_v one_o bill_n date_v at_o paris_n the_o 6_o january_n 27_o december_n all_o merchant_n will_v conclude_v the_o real_a date_n according_a to_o both_o style_n be_v thus_o express_v that_o this_o bill_n will_v fall_v due_a the_o 27_o february_n whereas_o another_o bill_n date_v at_o paris_n the_o 6_o january_n if_o the_o 2_o usance_n be_v reckon_v as_o in_o france_n and_o then_o the_o 10_o day_n substract_v that_o bill_n will_v fall_v due_a the_o 24_o february_n now_o that_o both_o these_o bill_n be_v date_v on_o the_o same_o day_n at_o the_o same_o place_n payable_a at_o the_o like_a usance_n shall_v not_o fall_v due_a on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n in_o london_n will_v be_v very_o incongruous_a and_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v true_a that_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n it_o will_v fall_v out_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o month_n of_o february_n that_o some_o bill_n that_o vary_v 2_o 3_o or_o 4_o day_n in_o their_o date_n will_v fall_v due_a on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n bill_n date_v at_o roven_n the_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_o 10_o january_n will_v all_o fall_v due_a in_o london_n the_o last_o of_o february_n the_o 7_o january_n new_a style_n be_v the_o 28_o december_n old_a style_n and_o 2_o usance_n from_o the_o 28_o december_n be_v the_o 28_o that_o be_v except_o in_o the_o leap_n year_n the_o last_o of_o february_n the_o 8_o 9_o and_o 10_o january_n new_a style_n be_v the_o 29_o 30_o and_o 31_o december_n old_a style_n and_o to_o reckon_v 2_o usance_n from_o the_o 29_o 30_o and_o 31_o of_o december_n will_v be_v the_o 29_o 30_o and_o 31_o february_n if_o february_n have_v so_o many_o day_n but_o because_o that_o month_n have_v but_o 28_o or_o at_o most_o but_o 29_o day_n they_o must_v all_o fall_v due_a the_o last_o of_o february_n and_o whereas_o some_o will_v account_v the_o two_o first_o of_o those_o bill_n to_o be_v due_a the_o 26_o and_o 27_o february_n the_o same_o will_v be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o general_n and_o universal_a receive_a custom_n that_o every_o usance_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o month_n as_o it_o fall_v in_o the_o calendar_n and_o as_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o month_n will_v be_v a_o addition_n so_o not_o to_o go_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o it_o will_v be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o 2_o usance_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n where_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v the_o king_n must_v lose_v his_o right_n so_o where_o the_o day_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o month_n there_o they_o must_v be_v content_a with_o what_o there_o be_v but_o it_o do_v not_o from_o hence_o follow_v that_o any_o shall_v lose_v or_o abate_v of_o his_o right_a where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v and_o no_o more_o do_v it_o in_o this_o case_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o reckon_v as_o far_o as_o the_o month_n will_v bear_v if_o any_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o 29_o december_n want_v 2_o day_n of_o the_o end_n of_o that_o month_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o