a_o dog_n use_v to_o bite_v or_o gnaw_v upon_o a_o bone_n so_o that_o he_o that_o bit_v not_o do_v not_o commit_v usury_n for_o usury_n be_v none_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o bite_n as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o very_a etymology_n and_o proper_a nature_n of_o the_o word_n otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v call_v neshech_n as_o the_o hebrician_n say_v according_a to_o the_o definition_n then_o of_o bite_a usury_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o this_o discourse_n after_o that_o we_o have_v brief_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n wherein_o we_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o holy_a scripture_n observe_v these_o place_n god_n say_v in_o the_o 22_o of_o exodus_fw-la scripture_n holy_a scripture_n if_o thou_o lend_v money_n to_o any_o of_o my_o people_n that_o be_v poor_a by_o thou_o thou_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o usurer_n unto_o he_o neither_o shall_v thou_o oppress_v he_o with_o usury_n in_o another_o place_n 25._o levit._fw-la 25._o if_o thy_o brother_n be_v wax_v poor_a and_o fall_v into_o decay_n with_o thou_o receive_v he_o as_o a_o stranger_n or_o a_o soiourner_n 23._o deut._n 23._o and_o let_v he_o live_v by_o thou_o and_o thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o he_o nor_o yet_o advantage_n but_o shall_v fear_v thy_o god_n that_o thy_o brother_n may_v live_v with_o thou_o 6._o psal._n 15â—_n ezech._n 18._o matt._n 5._o luke_n 6._o thou_o shall_v not_o lend_v he_o thy_o money_n upon_o usury_n or_o lend_v he_o of_o thy_o food_n to_o have_v a_o advantage_n by_o it_o add_v unto_o this_o the_o place_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n and_o so_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o holy_a ancient_a father_n saint_n hierome_n say_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n betwixt_o usury_n fraud_n and_o violent_a rob_v father_n ancient_a father_n saint_n augustine_n say_v a_o usurer_n be_v he_o say_v to_o be_v who_o do_v demand_v more_o in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n else_o than_o he_o have_v deliver_v according_a to_o which_o the_o say_a saint_n hierome_n also_o say_v that_o some_o do_v think_v usury_n to_o be_v only_o in_o money_n but_o let_v they_o well_o understand_v that_o usury_n be_v a_o overplus_n in_o any_o thing_n above_o that_o which_o be_v lend_v mortis_fw-la amb._n de_fw-fr beno_fw-la mortis_fw-la saint_n ambrose_n likewise_o say_v if_o any_o man_n take_v usury_n he_o do_v commit_v extortion_n rapine_n and_o pillage_n and_o shall_v not_o live_v the_o life_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v he_o shall_v die_v therefore_o to_o omit_v many_o other_o of_o the_o say_v ancient_a father_n saint_n bernard_n say_v that_o the_o vsuror_n be_v a_o thief_n in_o law_n because_o the_o civil_a law_n tell_v he_o before_o hand_n what_o it_o be_v that_o he_o must_v rob_v from_o other_o as_o who_o shall_v say_v such_o law_n as_o permit_v vsuror_n be_v lawful_a theevery_n law_n canon_n law_n hereupon_o the_o canonist_n have_v make_v vsuror_n to_o be_v defame_v person_n and_o if_o any_o man_n make_v by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n any_o good_n unto_o they_o the_o testament_n may_v be_v break_v neither_o be_v they_o to_o communicate_v with_o christian_n or_o to_o enter_v into_o their_o congregation_n to_o offer_v any_o oblation_n and_o when_o they_o be_v dead_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v bury_v in_o christian_a burial_n and_o if_o they_o be_v the_o doer_n thereof_o be_v excommunicate_v decretal_n decretal_n decretal_n and_o clementines_n make_v by_o diverse_a pope_n be_v direct_o against_o usury_n alexander_n the_o pope_n do_v straight_o forbid_v all_o usury_n not_o only_o unto_o the_o clergy_n but_o also_o unto_o the_o laiety_n in_o the_o book_n sextus_n decretalium_fw-la gregory_n the_o ten_o bishop_n of_o rome_n of_o that_o name_n say_v we_o be_v desirous_a to_o stop_v the_o gulf_n or_o whirlpool_n of_o usury_n commit_v which_o do_v devour_v soul_n and_o utter_o waste_v wealth_n do_v command_n upon_o the_o threaten_n of_o god_n curse_n that_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o latter_a concile_v set_v forth_o against_o vsuror_n be_v without_o any_o violation_n at_o all_o full_o &_o whole_o observe_v and_o thereupon_o a_o prohibition_n be_v make_v that_o no_o corporation_n college_n or_o university_n shall_v let_v any_o house_n or_o dwell_v place_n to_o any_o strange_a vsuror_n law_n civil_a law_n baldus_n the_o civilian_n speak_v bitter_o against_o vsuror_n in_o his_o book_n of_o counsel_n say_v that_o usury_n be_v a_o gainful_a piracie_n contrary_a to_o nature_n upon_o the_o loan_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o consist_v upon_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n bartolus_n say_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v utter_o forbid_v and_o offensive_a to_o god_n and_o man_n so_o do_v panormitane_n and_o diverse_a other_o learn_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n aristotle_n aristotle_n aristotle_n in_o his_o politics_n say_v that_o such_o money_n as_o bring_v forth_o money_n through_o usury_n be_v a_o ugly_a beast_n that_o bring_v forth_o monster_n from_o time_n to_o time_n such_o as_o be_v not_o in_o nature_n the_o roman_n be_v in_o their_o most_o flourish_a estate_n make_v a_o law_n by_o their_o twelve_o table_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v put_v forth_o money_n upon_o usury_n but_o after_o one_o in_o the_o hundred_o call_v faenus_fw-la unciarium_fw-la whereas_o before_o that_o time_n rich_a man_n may_v take_v at_o their_o pleasure_n afterward_o it_o be_v ordain_v at_o the_o entreat_v of_o the_o tribune_n to_o take_v a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a and_o that_o be_v thirty_o shilling_n in_o one_o hundred_o pound_n after_o that_o it_o come_v to_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o call_v triens_fw-la and_o last_o of_o all_o to_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o call_v semissis_fw-la and_o yet_o all_o these_o alteration_n and_o diversity_n of_o suffer_v in_o usury_n notwithstanding_o law_n genitius_n law_n one_o genitius_n a_o tribune_n publish_v a_o law_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v a_o usurer_n at_o any_o hand_n or_o by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n and_o so_o by_o all_o devise_n that_o may_v be_v it_o be_v utter_o forbid_v by_o diverse_a edict_n and_o proclamation_n which_o be_v often_o repress_v do_v yet_o notwithstanding_o break_v out_o by_o wonderful_a strange_a mean_n wherefore_o tiberius_n caesar_n to_o remedy_v this_o evil_a and_o that_o no_o usury_n shall_v be_v use_v he_o cause_v a_o marvelous_a mass_n of_o money_n to_o be_v lay_v in_o bank_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o two_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o crown_n be_v five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n english_a or_o sterling_a and_o take_v order_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v credit_n for_o three_o year_n without_o pay_v any_o usury_n at_o all_o tacitus_n cornelius_n tacitus_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o the_o double_a value_n of_o that_o he_o borrow_v and_o cornelius_n tacitus_n a_o renown_a writer_n say_v the_o canker_n of_o usury_n be_v a_o old_a venomous_a sore_n and_o the_o chief_a head_n and_o cause_n of_o rebellion_n and_o variance_n in_o country_n and_o commonweal_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v altogether_o banish_v in_o the_o old_a time_n when_o least_o corruption_n of_o life_n appear_v among_o man_n lucullus_z so_o hate_v the_o excessive_a deal_n of_o the_o usurer_n that_o whereas_o all_o asia_n be_v overwhelm_v with_o usury_n he_o clear_v the_o same_o utter_o from_o all_o usurer_n and_o so_o do_v cato_n in_o cicilia_n anthoninus_n pius_n alexander_n severus_n claudius_n vespasian_n leo_n emperor_n emperor_n and_o diverse_a other_o emperor_n do_v restrain_v the_o covetousness_n of_o usurer_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o of_o late_a year_n at_o a_o assembly_n at_o augusta_n in_o germany_n do_v conclude_v with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n that_o no_o manner_n of_o contract_n that_o have_v any_o fellowship_n with_o usury_n shall_v be_v allow_v but_o rather_o that_o all_o usury_n shall_v be_v avoid_v for_o ever_o and_o be_v never_o more_o use_v and_o if_o any_o be_v find_v to_o have_v make_v any_o such_o contract_n the_o same_o man_n to_o forfeit_v to_o the_o magistrate_n or_o ordinary_a judge_n the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o principal_a sum_n plato_n the_o philosopher_n warn_v among_o other_o thing_n orator_n philosopher_n and_o orator_n in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o law_n that_o no_o body_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v that_o will_v bear_v the_o face_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n do_v let_v out_o his_o money_n for_o usury_n or_o gain_n the_o like_a say_v cicero_n and_o many_o other_o learned_a philosopher_n and_o orator_n as_o we_o have_v note_v of_o aristotle_n so_o do_v diverse_a lawmaker_n banish_v usury_n lawgivers_n lawgivers_n and_o utter_o suppress_v the_o same_o as_o lycurgus_n in_o sparta_n among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n amasis_n in_o egypt_n solon_n in_o athens_n sergius_n galba_n in_o africa_n be_v governor_n under_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n and_o diverse_a other_o so_o that_o usury_n
and_o arithmetical_a proportion_n and_o the_o rule_n quadrant_n quadrant_n the_o rule_n quadrant_n or_o the_o golden_a rule_n of_o arithmetic_n prove_v unto_o any_o man_n of_o understanding_n that_o in_o calculation_n these_o four_o thing_n must_v concur_v first_o principal_a principal_a you_o may_v find_v out_o by_o your_o interest_n money_n and_o the_o time_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n what_o the_o sum_n be_v which_o be_v deliver_v at_o interest_n second_o rate_n rate_n at_o what_o rate_n according_a to_o the_o time_n such_o a_o sum_n be_v deliver_v three_o time_n time_n the_o time_n for_o which_o it_o be_v deliver_v at_o such_o a_o rate_n and_o last_o interest_n interest_n what_o the_o interest_n money_n be_v for_o the_o sum_n deliver_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o all_o these_o posito_fw-la in_fw-la any_o one_o sum_n for_o all_o will_v manifest_v the_o delivery_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n of_o twelve_o ordinary_a month_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v so_o deliver_v out_o for_o by_o invert_v postpound_v and_o suppose_v all_o must_v produce_v these_o just_a and_o positive_a sum_n whereby_o you_o may_v be_v assure_v whether_o you_o term_v your_o money_n deliver_v out_o according_a to_o the_o art_n and_o rule_v of_o arithmetic_n the_o principle_n whereof_o be_v infallible_a or_o whether_o be_v deceive_v therein_o you_o have_v unaware_o make_v a_o usurious_a contract_n as_o many_o do_v ignorant_o calculator_n auditor_n or_o calculator_n the_o civilians_n especial_o benvenutâ—_n straccha_n term_v those_o which_o we_o call_v auditor_n or_o accountant_n calculatores_fw-la which_o in_o deed_n be_v to_o be_v very_o judicious_a in_o matter_n of_o account_n as_o skilful_a in_o the_o account_v able_a by_o position_n to_o find_v out_o hide_v sum_n for_o it_o fall_v out_o many_o time_n in_o prince_n account_n that_o sum_n be_v name_v which_o have_v relation_n to_o other_o 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penny_n reduction_n of_o maluady_n into_o ducat_n shilling_n and_o penny_n so_o we_o find_v that_o for_o matter_n of_o division_n to_o reduce_v million_o of_o maluady_n in_o spain_n into_o ducat_n without_o much_o division_n by_o 375_o maluady_n for_o the_o ducat_n and_o then_o the_o shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o ducat_n make_v in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n take_v â…“_n part_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o the_o overplus_n if_o any_o be_v put_v it_o down_o for_o shilling_n and_o penny_n than_o in_o like_a manner_n take_v â…•_n of_o that_o sum_n and_o again_o â…•_n of_o that_o sum_n and_o last_o â…•_n of_o that_o sum_n be_v â…—_n derive_v from_o â…“_n and_o you_o have_v your_o ducat_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o ducat_n in_o vntratto_n as_o the_o italian_a say_v in_o like_a manner_n divide_v by_o all_o the_o number_n contain_v in_o the_o table_n of_o multiplication_n for_o 42_o take_v â…™_n and_o 1_o 7_o for_o 63_o take_v 1_o 7_o and_o 1_o 9_o part_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o other_o sum_n for_o six_o time_n seven_o be_v forty_o and_o two_o chap._n xvi_o of_o usurious_a contract_n i_o need_v not_o to_o make_v double_a inculcation_n against_o usury_n for_o the_o civillians_n have_v be_v so_o precise_a in_o the_o description_n of_o usurious_a contract_n vsuris_fw-la doctor_n wilsoâ—_n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la which_o doctor_n wâ—lson_n have_v note_v that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o any_o merchant_n to_o escape_v the_o censure_v of_o be_v a_o usurer_n albeit_o not_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o all_o merchant_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o he_o conclude_v lend_v no_o usury_n without_o lend_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o lend_v there_o can_v be_v no_o usury_n wherein_o he_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o mutuum_fw-la locatio_fw-la and_o commodatum_fw-la declare_v mutuum_fw-la to_o be_v where_o my_o good_n be_v make_v thou_o locatio_fw-la where_o a_o thing_n be_v â—ut_v forth_o or_o let_v to_o hire_n the_o property_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o owner_n who_o bear_v the_o adventure_n thereof_o and_o commodatum_fw-la to_o be_v a_o let_v or_o lend_v without_o alteration_n of_o the_o property_n also_o but_o free_a without_o any_o gain_n at_o all_o where_o for_o hire_v a_o gain_n be_v take_v and_o so_o he_o make_v a_o description_n of_o vsuror_n if_o they_o deal_v in_o manner_n follow_v if_o any_o commodity_n be_v sell_v unto_o any_o man_n who_o buy_v the_o same_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o broker_n or_o otherwise_o to_o make_v a_o shift_n and_o to_o sell_v the_o same_o instant_o to_o make_v money_n of_o to_o supply_v his_o occasion_n lose_v thereby_o as_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n the_o seller_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v a_o usurer_n in_o this_o case_n if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o say_a seller_n do_v buy_v or_o cause_v the_o say_a commodity_n to_o be_v buy_v again_o direct_o or_o indirect_o the_o statute_n against_o usury_n will_v take_v hold_n of_o he_o and_o that_o very_o just_o i_o do_v borrow_v of_o a_o man_n one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n promise_v to_o give_v his_o wife_n a_o satin_n gown_n or_o a_o amble_a gelding_n hereupon_o he_o forbear_v his_o money_n for_o many_o month_n more_o without_o interest_n it_o be_v usury_n i_o do_v bind_v my_o land_n worth_n twenty_o pound_n by_o the_o year_n to_o a_o man_n for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n in_o money_n for_o a_o year_n and_o do_v not_o pass_v it_o by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n if_o the_o creditor_n do_v take_v the_o revenue_n and_o his_o principal_n it_o be_v usury_n be_v it_o that_o a_o man_n dare_v a_o hundred_o pound_n free_o and_o hope_v assure_o to_o have_v some_o thankful_a recompense_n at_o the_o year_n end_n this_o be_v mentalis_fw-la vsura_fw-la what_o if_o one_o lend_v money_n in_o hope_n to_o get_v a_o office_n this_o be_v also_o usury_n if_o one_o lend_v a_o man_n money_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n because_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v speak_v a_o good_a word_n for_o he_o or_o do_v he_o a_o certain_a pleasure_n it_o be_v a_o rule_v case_n that_o for_o so_o much_o as_o a_o covenant_n be_v past_a it_o be_v usury_n i_o do_v lend_v you_o one_o hundred_o pound_n that_o you_o shall_v do_v as_o much_o for_o i_o when_o i_o shall_v demand_v it_o of_o you_o this_o be_v usury_n because_o a_o contract_n be_v simple_o make_v without_o any_o addition_n of_o time_n appoint_v whereas_o if_o he_o have_v ask_v so_o much_o at_o the_o year_n end_n than_o it_o have_v be_v no_o usury_n but_o permutation_n when_o one_o good_a turn_n be_v do_v for_o another_o and_o the_o time_n know_v certain_a a_o lord_n do_v lend_v his_o tenant_n money_n with_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v plough_v his_o land_n if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v they_o for_o their_o labour_n but_o with_o the_o use_n it_o be_v usury_n i_o will_v borrow_v and_o one_o sell_v i_o ware_n for_o more_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a by_o the_o half_a the_o seller_n be_v a_o usurer_n i_o do_v sell_v commodity_n unto_o a_o man_n for_o six_o month_n at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n and_o afterward_o he_o pay_v i_o in_o ready_a money_n deduct_v the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o this_o be_v usury_n the_o father-in-law_n do_v lend_v his_o son_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o take_v in_o pawn_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o dower_n and_o convert_v the_o fruit_n thereof_o to_o himself_o for_o the_o lone_a of_o money_n this_o father-in-law_n be_v a_o usurer_n he_o that_o buy_v before_o hand_n corn_n wine_n or_o oil_n so_o good_a cheap_a as_o he_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o be_v a_o loser_n but_o a_o gainer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o harvest_n the_o same_o man_n be_v a_o usurer_n i_o do_v lend_v one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o my_o friend_n
for_o ten_o year_n free_o not_o to_o pay_v any_o penny_n gain_v all_o that_o time_n if_o either_o of_o we_o do_v die_v but_o if_o we_o both_o live_v together_o till_o that_o time_n than_o he_o to_o pay_v i_o after_o twelve_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o for_o ten_o year_n past_a the_o law_n say_v that_o the_o peril_n which_o may_v happen_v do_v not_o excuse_v i_o from_o sin_n but_o i_o be_o a_o usurer_n for_o the_o time_n be_v not_o proper_a a_o merchant_n dare_v to_o a_o corporation_n or_o company_n a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o corporation_n have_v a_o grant_n by_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o dare_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o have_v a_o child_n of_o one_o year_n shall_v have_v for_o his_o child_n if_o it_o do_v live_v fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n 500_o will_v of_o money_n but_o if_o the_o child_n die_v before_o that_o time_n the_o father_n to_o lose_v his_o principal_n for_o ever_o the_o law_n say_v if_o i_o lend_v purposely_o for_o gain_n notwithstanding_o the_o peril_n i_o be_o a_o usurer_n i_o know_v a_o honest_a artificer_n owe_v to_o a_o draper_n forty_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o six_o month_n i_o come_v to_o the_o draper_n and_o show_v he_o if_o he_o will_v take_v thirty_o pound_n in_o hand_n i_o will_v pay_v so_o much_o for_o the_o artificer_n if_o he_o will_v turn_v the_o debt_n over_o unto_o i_o herein_o i_o be_o a_o usurer_n in_o seek_v to_o anticipate_v the_o payment_n one_o buy_v a_o pay_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o pound_n deliver_v fifteen_o shilling_n for_o every_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o be_v a_o cloak_a lend_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o buy_v and_o therefore_o usury_n call_v palliata_fw-la for_o he_o do_v hope_n for_o gain_v explicata_fw-la vsura_fw-la palliata_fw-la vsura_fw-la explicata_fw-la i_o do_v buy_v a_o man_n bill_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n due_a three_o month_n hence_o and_o give_v unto_o he_o in_o present_a money_n 95_o will_v here_o although_o a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n seem_v in_o show_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o lend_v and_o therefore_o usury_n i_o do_v bargain_n with_o some_o to_o have_v so_o many_o ox_n and_o kine_n within_o four_o month_n to_o have_v they_o better_o cheap_a pay_v the_o money_n before_o hand_n this_o be_v usury_n if_o the_o party_n have_v not_o ox_n or_o kine_n at_o the_o time_n i_o do_v buy_v certain_a gelding_n to_o have_v they_o deliver_v at_o a_o certain_a fair_a for_o less_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a i_o be_o therein_o a_o usurer_n if_o i_o be_v sure_a that_o they_o will_v be_v more_o worth_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o delivery_n i_o do_v deliver_v old_a wheat_n to_o receive_v new_a if_o i_o do_v deliver_v the_o same_o for_o gain_n and_o assure_v myself_o of_o benefit_n i_o be_o a_o usurer_n i_o do_v fear_v the_o fall_n of_o money_n and_o therefore_o do_v deliver_v my_o money_n to_o another_o man_n to_o have_v as_o much_o at_o six_o month_n after_o according_a as_o the_o money_n be_v then_o currant_n when_o i_o pay_v it_o this_o be_v usury_n i_o seek_v a_o office_n which_o i_o can_v have_v except_o i_o do_v pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o avoid_v this_o payment_n i_o do_v lend_v for_o two_o three_o or_o four_o year_n a_o gross_a sum_n because_o i_o will_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a money_n in_o so_o do_v be_v usury_n i_o do_v pawn_v a_o house_n with_o a_o orchard_n for_o certain_a money_n the_o creditor_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o my_o ground_n and_o house_n he_o be_v a_o usurer_n a_o gentleman_n have_v a_o manor_n stock_v with_o thirty_o milch_n kine_n and_o 700_o sheep_n value_v at_o 300_o mark_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o they_o be_v then_o to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v this_o manor_n he_o will_v let_v out_o with_o the_o stock_n for_o ten_o year_n to_o receive_v the_o old_a rent_n of_o his_o manor_n and_o thirty_o pound_n yearly_a beside_o for_o his_o stock_n and_o at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n either_o to_o have_v at_o his_o own_o choice_n his_o cattle_n of_o like_a goodness_n and_o value_n as_o he_o do_v let_v they_o out_o or_o else_o 200_o will_v in_o money_n here_o there_o be_v first_o a_o lend_n because_o the_o farmour_n have_v property_n in_o the_o cattle_n and_o may_v alter_v they_o as_o he_o listen_v for_o his_o best_a avail_n pay_v his_o yearly_a rent_n for_o they_o and_o restore_v so_o good_a cattle_n at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n as_o he_o before_o receive_v again_o he_o must_v answer_v the_o cattle_n at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n and_o pay_v rend_v yearly_a for_o ten_o year_n although_o the_o cattle_n die_v all_o the_o very_a first_o year_n so_o that_o this_o gentleman_n seek_v his_o certain_a gain_n and_o principal_a to_o be_v safe_o return_v unto_o he_o be_v a_o usurer_n colourable_o last_o to_o deliver_v money_n by_o exchange_n upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n intend_v any_o gain_n thereby_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n be_v usury_n and_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v usurious_a act_n although_o many_o not_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n now_o diverse_a merchant_n and_o other_o will_v say_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o deal_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o all_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v overthrow_v for_o say_v they_o here_o be_v nothing_o except_v wherein_o any_o man_n can_v deal_v and_o all_o other_o nation_n do_v continual_o maintain_v their_o negotiation_n and_o traffic_n by_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n and_o by_o exchange_n and_o will_v not_o be_v rule_v by_o our_o particular_a direction_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n hereupon_o let_v we_o also_o note_v what_o lawful_a contract_n be_v before_o we_o conclude_v chap._n xvi_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n we_o have_v already_o note_v where_o a_o man_n may_v take_v a_o benefit_n for_o his_o money_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n which_o be_v ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la where_o he_o have_v sustain_v a_o loss_n or_o ex_fw-la lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la where_o his_o benefit_n or_o profit_n have_v be_v take_v away_o or_o prevent_v for_o the_o want_n of_o his_o money_n which_o he_o may_v have_v bestow_v in_o some_o ware_n to_o furnish_v his_o shop_n at_o convenient_a time_n and_o in_o both_o these_o the_o party_n be_v not_o active_a but_o passive_a i_o do_v buy_v land_n of_o my_o friend_n for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o of_o like_a value_n to_o the_o land_n with_o this_o condition_n if_o he_o bring_v i_o the_o money_n again_o at_o any_o time_n he_o shall_v have_v his_o land_n again_o i_o be_v lawful_a owner_n of_o this_o land_n by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n may_v safe_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n and_o rent_n of_o the_o same_o land_n without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o usury_n another_o come_v to_o i_o and_o will_v borrow_v a_o thousand_o pound_n in_o gold_n and_o as_o much_o plate_n for_o a_o show_n to_o declare_v and_o set_v forth_o his_o wealth_n the_o more_o to_o the_o world_n when_o it_o be_v see_v in_o his_o shop_n in_o this_o case_n i_o may_v take_v usury_n a_o apothecary_n dare_v to_o the_o physician_n a_o hundred_o pound_n by_o the_o year_n free_o because_o he_o shall_v send_v his_o bill_n of_o receipt_n to_o he_o and_o to_o none_o other_o this_o be_v no_o usury_n i_o do_v buy_v timber_n brick_n or_o stone_n of_o a_o man_n to_o deliver_v the_o same_o at_o such_o a_o place_n at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o to_o pay_v he_o for_o the_o same_o i_o do_v borrow_v so_o much_o upon_o usury_n if_o the_o say_a man_n do_v not_o perform_v with_o i_o in_o deliver_v the_o say_a timber_n brick_n or_o stone_n yet_o be_v he_o bind_v to_o pay_v i_o that_o usury_n true_o a_o corporation_n take_v a_o hundred_o pound_n of_o a_o man_n to_o pay_v he_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o during_o his_o life_n this_o be_v no_o usury_n and_o so_o for_o all_o annuity_n during_o life_n for_o the_o principal_n be_v never_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o a_o mighty_a man_n than_o myself_o withhold_v through_o force_n a_o portion_n of_o land_n from_o i_o i_o be_o loath_a to_o try_v the_o law_n with_o he_o because_o he_o have_v the_o law_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o i_o offer_v to_o lend_v he_o five_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o free_o so_o that_o i_o may_v have_v my_o own_o without_o further_a trouble_n or_o vexation_n this_o be_v no_o usury_n because_o i_o receive_v but_o my_o own_o quiet_o i_o do_v borrow_v a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n promise_v at_o the_o year_n end_v to_o lend_v another_o hundred_o pound_n for_o it_o for_o the_o same_o time_n this_o be_v permutation_n i_o take_v the_o peril_n upon_o i_o of_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o money_n i_o may_v lawful_o take_v portage_n money_n for_o my_o pain_n and_o this_o be_v
plantation_n of_o people_n and_o new_a discovery_n 234_o 47_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n 241_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n 255_o 2_o of_o mine_n royal_a 259_o 3_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n 268_o 4_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n 272_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o 274_o 6_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n 279_o 7_o of_o the_o assay_n of_o bâ—llion_n and_o money_n 284_o 8_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n 291_o 9_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o â—iluer_n 307_o 10_o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n 235_o 11_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n 329_o 12_o of_o intolerable_a usury_n and_o lombard_n 337_o 13_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n 341_o 14_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n 345_o 15_o of_o usurious_a contract_n 349_o 16_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n 352_o 17_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n 354_o 18_o of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n annuity_n and_o pension_n 358_o 19_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n 360_o 20_o of_o merchant_n account_v keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 362_o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 378_o 2_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 382_o 3_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 386_o 4_o of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o the_o term_n of_o art_n use_v therein_o 391_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 393_o 6_o of_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o custom_n observe_v concern_v the_o same_o 398_o 7_o of_o notary_n intimation_n and_o protest_v 401_o 8_o of_o reciprocal_a or_o double_a exchange_n 404_o 9_o of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n perform_v by_o exchange_n 408_o 10_o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n 413_o 11_o of_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n 424_o 12_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n 428_o 13_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n 439_o 14_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n 443_o 15_o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v 447_o 16_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n 451_o 17_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v 460_o 18_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n 477_o 19_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n 491_o 20_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o staple_n 495_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n 499_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_z and_o the_o antiqvitie_n thereof_o chap._n i._n when_o almighty_a god_n have_v create_v man_n good_a and_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o can_v not_o so_o well_o live_v alone_o as_o other_o creature_n sufficient_o provide_v by_o nature_n for_o their_o sustenance_n and_o have_v reason_n assign_v and_o give_v unto_o he_o above_o all_o the_o say_a creature_n yet_o all_o the_o mean_n and_o faculty_n of_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o happy_a while_o he_o be_v alone_o but_o necessity_n do_v require_v a_o concourse_n of_o man_n help_v one_o another_o to_o supply_v with_o a_o common_a strength_n the_o say_a weakness_n for_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o say_a necessity_n be_v so_o weighty_a and_o great_a that_o one_o man_n alone_o be_v not_o able_a to_o manage_v the_o same_o then_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n every_o man_n do_v afford_v mean_n according_a to_o his_o ability_n for_o the_o common_a good_a so_o that_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n do_v employ_v their_o labour_n to_o get_v live_v and_o maintenance_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o and_o those_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o understanding_n and_o reason_n do_v undertake_v the_o most_o important_a matter_n teach_v man_n how_o to_o live_v well_o and_o inform_v they_o of_o their_o felicity_n which_o they_o judge_v chief_o to_o consist_v in_o virtuous_a action_n endeavour_v to_o make_v impression_n in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n of_o certain_a good_a law_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o with_o a_o reference_n of_o they_o to_o the_o first_o law_n engraft_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o divine_a light_n which_o be_v infuse_v in_o he_o to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n the_o good_a and_o evil_a synderisis_z call_v by_o the_o grecian_n synderisis_z and_o according_o to_o receive_v reward_n or_o punishment_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o better_a part_n of_o inform_v and_o guide_v the_o thought_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n to_o a_o supernatural_a end_n that_o as_o surpass_v the_o compass_n of_o that_o low_a sphere_n wherein_o i_o now_o move_v must_v be_v leave_v untouched_a by_o i_o who_o here_o take_v for_o my_o object_n not_o the_o spiritual_a but_o the_o civil_a life_n of_o man_n and_o the_o mean_n thereto_o conduce_v touch_v therefore_o the_o external_a part_n the_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n among_o man_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n continue_v both_o in_o labour_v and_o manure_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n in_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n as_o in_o the_o immediate_a child_n of_o our_o first_o father_n adam_n and_o in_o plant_v vine_n and_o make_v a_o extract_n of_o the_o ivyce_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o as_o noah_n which_o riches_n in_o matter_n and_o foundation_n natural_a and_o partly_o also_o in_o alteration_n and_o manage_v artificial_o every_o possessor_n not_o long_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n several_o enjoy_v in_o property_n and_o hence_o do_v proceed_v a_o commerce_n first_o in_o real_a interchange_n and_o communication_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o or_o other_o kind_n but_o all_o natural_a commodity_n as_o sheep_n for_o sheep_n sheep_n for_o corn_n wine_n for_o oil_n etc._n etc._n between_o man_n and_o man_n or_o nation_n and_o nation_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o after_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o a_o common_a pignus_fw-la currant_n mutual_a which_o we_o call_v money_n both_o by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v gen._n gen._n the_o most_o ancient_a evidence_n hereof_o be_v abraham_n purchase_v for_o money_n a_o field_n for_o burial_n the_o observation_n and_o custom_n whereof_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o that_o especial_o when_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v into_o a_o infinite_a number_n and_o the_o domestic_n or_o near_a hand_n commodity_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o their_o sustenance_n in_o some_o country_n and_o in_o other_o country_n be_v over_o abundant_a then_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o use_n of_o trust_v exchange_v and_o trade_v first_o on_o the_o land_n in_o the_o main_a continent_n and_o then_o extensive_o upon_o the_o sea_n both_o for_o fish_v and_o negotiation_n then_o do_v merchant_n travel_v from_o country_n to_o country_n so_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n 37.27_o gen_n 37.27_o do_v the_o merchant_n madianit_n in_o their_o journey_n meet_v with_o the_o child_n of_o jacob_n and_o then_o joseph_n be_v carry_v by_o their_o mean_n into_o egypt_n and_o sell_v to_o potipher_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o family_n and_o then_o it_o be_v and_o prove_v to_o be_v true_a which_o experience_n have_v confirm_v that_o vita_fw-la ciculis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la law_n the_o law-merchant_n a_o most_o ancient_a law_n societas_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n merchant_n may_v well_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o humane_a law_n and_o more_o ancient_a than_o any_o write_a law_n the_o very_a moral_a law_n itself_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n be_v long_o after_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o be_v daily_o augment_v successive_o upon_o new_a
his_o fraud_n if_o the_o factor_n do_v sell_v another_o man_n commodity_n to_o a_o man_n discredit_v who_o can_v usual_o as_o before_o buy_v commodity_n at_o the_o ordinary_a price_n as_o other_o man_n and_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o this_o man_n break_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v for_o the_o say_v good_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v they_o be_v worth_a unless_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o party_n weak_a estate_n and_o credit_n or_o that_o he_o sell_v he_o good_n of_o his_o own_o account_n also_o which_o argue_v plain_a deal_n or_o that_o he_o have_v commission_n of_o the_o other_o man_n to_o deal_v for_o he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o proper_a good_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n he_o can_v barter_v any_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n for_o other_o commodity_n batter_v batter_v but_o he_o must_v have_v express_a commission_n and_o order_n for_o it_o from_o the_o merchant_n neither_o can_v he_o transfer_v or_o set_v 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in_o no_o fault_n howbeit_o he_o ought_v to_o give_v advice_n unto_o the_o merchant_n what_o commodity_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n which_o be_v absolute_a governor_n in_o their_o haven_n harbour_n port_n or_o creek_n money_n money_n if_o a_o factor_n commit_v any_o unlawful_a act_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o merchant_n be_v it_o for_o the_o transportation_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o and_o if_o it_o happen_v thereupon_o that_o the_o same_o be_v take_v the_o merchant_n bear_v the_o loss_n and_o yet_o the_o factor_n be_v subject_a to_o pay_v treble_a damage_n by_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v follow_v within_o the_o year_n or_o may_v be_v fine_v for_o the_o same_o in_o the_o starchamber_n although_o it_o be_v many_o year_n after_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v pay_v money_n for_o a_o merchant_n without_o commission_n to_o another_o man_n it_o be_v at_o his_o peril_n to_o answer_v for_o it_o and_o if_o he_o deliver_v other_o man_n money_n at_o interest_n and_o take_v more_o than_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n whereby_o the_o say_a statute_n against_o usury_n take_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o the_o money_n be_v lose_v the_o say_a factor_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v therewith_o and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o money_n unto_o the_o merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v receive_v other_o man_n good_n or_o money_n into_o his_o custody_n be_v rob_v of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o money_n he_o be_v to_o bear_v the_o loss_n good_n lose_a good_n and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n but_o not_o in_o case_n where_o the_o unmerciful_a element_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n shall_v destroy_v the_o say_a good_n or_o money_n or_o where_o a_o town_n be_v sack_v or_o peel_v which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o owner_n or_o proprietary_n of_o the_o same_o if_o a_o factor_n buy_v a_o commodity_n commodity_n damnify_v commodity_n which_o afterward_o become_v damnify_v by_o some_o accident_n or_o casualty_n whereby_o the_o merchant_n for_o who_o account_n he_o buy_v the_o same_o become_v a_o loose_a that_o factor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v with_o any_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v damnify_v before_o than_o he_o be_v to_o bear_v some_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n although_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v know_v afterward_o a_o factor_n buy_v for_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n one_o hundred_o ton_n of_o allome_n which_o come_v from_o civita_n vecchia_n lade_v with_o some_o candia_n oil_n whereof_o some_o part_n be_v spill_v upon_o the_o say_a allome_n afterward_o the_o same_o be_v mingle_v together_o be_v sell_v and_o transport_v to_o amsterdam_n and_o there_o sell_v to_o the_o dyer_n of_o harlem_n amsterdam_n and_o rotterdam_n who_o use_v the_o same_o find_v their_o cloth_n stain_v in_o diverse_a place_n for_o where_o the_o oil_n touch_v there_o the_o colour_n can_v not_o take_v so_o that_o they_o become_v great_a loser_n as_o appear_v by_o diverse_a testimonial_n the_o factor_n do_v thereupon_o demand_v reparation_n of_o damage_n of_o he_o who_o sell_v he_o the_o allome_a and_o the_o merchant_n do_v the_o like_a of_o the_o factor_n for_o there_o be_v above_o 300_o will_v lost_n whereupon_o the_o matter_n be_v much_o debate_v among_o merchant_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o do_v deliver_v their_o parece_a or_o opinion_n in_o writing_n merchant_n the_o parece_a of_o merchant_n and_o be_v find_v that_o the_o factor_n have_v knowledge_n that_o some_o oil_n have_v be_v spill_v upon_o the_o allome_a and_o nevertheless_o buy_v the_o same_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o merchant_n to_o pay_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o say_a loss_n and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v bear_v between_o the_o dyer_n and_o the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o he_o that_o sell_v the_o allome_n be_v clear_v and_o full_o pay_v so_o that_o in_o these_o case_n the_o circumstance_n and_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v if_o a_o factor_n do_v receive_v money_n for_o other_o man_n account_n money_n loss_n by_o money_n which_o afterward_o be_v decry_v or_o some_o loss_n do_v happen_v by_o exchange_v the_o same_o be_v it_o upon_o copper_n money_n or_o light_a gold_n take_v for_o merchandise_n sell_v every_o man_n be_v to_o bear_v that_o loss_n proportionable_o according_a to_o his_o sum_n and_o the_o factor_n be_v to_o sustain_v no_o damage_n thereby_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o false_a coin_n by_o he_o receive_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o know_v credit_n letter_n of_o credit_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v by_o a_o merchant_n letter_n of_o credit_n to_o give_v credit_n unto_o other_o he_o must_v look_v very_o precise_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_o which_o letter_n of_o credit_n be_v either_o ample_a or_o restrain_v to_o certain_a condition_n and_o limitation_n of_o time_n place_n person_n sum_n and_o many_o other_o circumstance_n if_o they_o be_v ample_a then_o be_v it_o dangerous_a for_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n and_o may_v also_o procure_v a_o loss_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o factor_n wherein_o consideration_n must_v be_v have_v both_o way_n suppose_v a._n b._n of_o london_n write_v his_o letter_n unto_o c._n d._n of_o antuerp_n in_o these_o word_n if_o e._n f._n of_o amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o of_o my_o friend_n there_o draw_v by_o exchange_n upon_o you_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n it_o may_v please_v you_o to_o follow_v his_o and_o my_o friend_n order_n i_o will_v be_v your_o warrant_n for_o all_o and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o all_o shall_v be_v accomplish_v orderly_o c.d._n
heretofore_o account_v two_o carrat_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o all_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n do_v participate_v of_o this_o finesse_n according_a to_o their_o substance_n which_o make_v their_o standard_n thereafter_o whereby_o the_o sterling_a standard_n contain_v eleven_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n and_o our_o angel_n gold_n hold_v twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o one_o half_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o alloy_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o more_o ample_o declare_v together_o with_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o property_n of_o money_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o make_v the_o effect_n thereof_o apparent_a money_n the_o propertieâ—_n of_o money_n the_o first_o property_n be_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v general_o all_o thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v general_o thing_n good_a cheap_a whereas_o particular_o commodity_n be_v also_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o commodity_n themselves_o and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o money_n then_o as_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o body_n contain_v the_o soul_n which_o infuse_v life_n for_o if_o money_n be_v want_v traffic_n do_v decrease_v although_o commodity_n be_v abundant_a and_o good_a cheap_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o money_n be_v plentiful_a commerce_n increase_v although_o commodity_n be_v scarce_o and_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v thereby_o more_o advance_v nay_o by_o money_n a_o trade_n be_v make_v for_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o for_o those_o country_n where_o thing_n be_v good_a cheap_a be_v destitute_a of_o trade_n and_o want_v money_n and_o although_o thing_n for_o the_o belly_n be_v good_a cheap_a there_o be_v less_o benefit_n to_o be_v make_v by_o merchant_n according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n then_o general_o commodity_n become_v dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v of_o late_a year_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v enhance_v in_o price_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o bullion_n and_o money_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west-indies_n into_o europe_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n money_n the_o ocean_n of_o money_n have_v divide_v her_o course_n into_o severell_n branch_n through_o all_o country_n and_o the_o money_n itself_o be_v alter_v by_o valuation_n as_o aforesaid_a cause_v the_o measure_n to_o be_v make_v lesser_a whereby_o the_o number_n do_v increase_v to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n be_v augment_v by_o denomination_n from_o twenty_o to_o sixty_o or_o of_o those_o latter_a year_n from_o forty_o to_o sixty_o so_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n concur_v herein_o make_v every_o thing_n dear_a and_o especial_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o which_o cause_v some_o man_n to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o money_n shall_v be_v more_o enhanced_a as_o it_o be_v strive_v therein_o to_o exceed_v other_o nation_n wherein_o they_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mark_n thing_n alteration_n of_o mâ—ney_n alter_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n for_o if_o that_o be_v do_v not_o only_o all_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v be_v dear_a but_o also_o our_o home_n commodity_n howbeit_o only_o in_o name_n the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o money_n be_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n embase_v as_o experience_n have_v prove_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o of_o latter_a year_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o ireland_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o proverb_n to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o unknown_a disease_n put_v out_o the_o physician_n eye_n the_o plenty_n of_o money_n require_v must_v be_v not_o with_o a_o consideration_n that_o we_o have_v or_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v more_o money_n than_o in_o time_n past_a but_o according_a to_o the_o present_a great_a quantity_n and_o abundance_n of_o money_n now_o find_v in_o all_o country_n which_o in_o effect_n have_v more_o proportionable_a part_n thereof_o than_o england_n have_v neither_o be_v money_n more_o plentiful_a when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v but_o twenty_o penny_n judge_v of_o money_n as_o we_o do_v of_o commodity_n either_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o the_o price_n for_o money_n must_v be_v still_o the_o measure_n and_o overrule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n howbeit_o exchange_v of_o money_n be_v predominant_a over_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o the_o second_o property_n of_o money_n proceed_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o usury_n devise_v thereupon_o usury_n the_o operation_n of_o money_n by_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n whereby_o the_o measure_n be_v ingross_v and_o also_o falsify_v be_v that_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v become_v the_o measure_n whereby_o all_o man_n trade_n purchase_n build_v plant_v or_o any_o other_o way_n bargain_n and_o consequent_o all_o thing_n depend_v upon_o the_o premise_n be_v rule_v and_o govern_v according_o as_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o usury_n politic_a be_v declare_v to_o the_o decrease_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n real_o money_n will_v have_v substanall_a value_n real_o the_o last_o property_n of_o money_n be_v to_o have_v a_o internal_a value_n in_o substance_n whereupon_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n be_v ground_v in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o country_n where_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n be_v prohibit_v and_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o other_o be_v command_v to_o make_v their_o return_n in_o commodity_n or_o by_o exchange_n if_o the_o money_n be_v base_a or_o of_o copper_n the_o value_n in_o exchange_n will_v be_v make_v according_o to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o all_o commerce_n for_o money_n will_v have_v substantial_a value_n thus_o much_o for_o a_o introduction_n concern_v money_n now_o let_v we_o begin_v from_o the_o original_n of_o metal_n and_o so_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_n and_o accident_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n all_o philosopher_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o long_a observation_n have_v determine_v that_o the_o sperme_n or_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n create_v of_o the_o four_o element_n do_v in_o a_o secret_a manner_n lower_v within_o the_o two_o element_n of_o water_n and_o earth_n and_o that_o nature_n do_v continual_o work_v to_o produce_v perfect_a thing_n but_o be_v hinder_v therein_o by_o accidental_a cause_n wâ—ich_a be_v the_o begetter_n of_o corruption_n and_o imperfection_n of_o all_o thing_n whereby_o we_o have_v variety_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v delectable_a to_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n herein_o they_o observe_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n rational_a vegitative_a sensitive_a and_o rational_a and_o the_o other_o planet_n and_o star_n in_o the_o generation_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o either_o have_v a_o be_v or_o existence_n as_o the_o 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be_v condemn_v and_o forbid_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o imperial_a law_n civil_a and_o canon_n law_n ancient_a father_n decretal_n learned_a philosopher_n eloquent_a orator_n historiographer_n and_o lawgivers_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o cause_v i_o some_o year_n since_o to_o write_v a_o small_a england_n small_a saint_n george_n for_o england_n treatise_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o usury_n in_o kingdom_n state_n and_o commonweal_n show_v although_o allegorical_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o with_o the_o six_o member_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v clergyman_n magistrate_n nobleman_n merchant_n artificer_n and_o husbandman_n by_o overthrow_v the_o harmonical_a government_n of_o they_o by_o too_o much_o enrich_v some_o and_o by_o oppress_v and_o impoverish_v some_o other_o bring_v the_o instrument_n out_o of_o tune_n when_o as_o every_o member_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v live_v content_v in_o his_o vocation_n and_o execute_v his_o charge_n according_a to_o his_o 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make_v according_o for_o this_o sin_n be_v rather_o in_o the_o conscience_n than_o in_o the_o act_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o penalty_n impose_v upon_o it_o by_o god_n law_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v tolerate_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o so_o do_v some_o other_o law_n twelve_o and_o more_o but_o the_o intent_n and_o not_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v weigh_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n law_n in_o the_o narrative_a part_n say_v that_o whereas_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n yet_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o be_v tolerate_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o year_n which_o by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v sue_v for_o by_o the_o law_n but_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_o take_v above_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n the_o principle_n be_v lose_v and_o treble_a damage_n the_o word_n usury_n be_v not_o so_o odious_a in_o time_n past_a as_o it_o be_v now_o take_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o usury_n politic_a usury_n threefold_a usury_n no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o usury_n natural_a and_o usury_n spiritual_a and_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o maintain_v usury_n politic_a in_o all_o respect_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n that_o have_v the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o warrant_n but_o the_o over-precisenes_n therein_o may_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v theft_n by_o death_n but_o only_o by_o restitution_n and_o as_o cato_n say_v rustica_fw-la cato_n de_fw-fr rustica_fw-la when_o a_o thief_n be_v punish_v to_o pay_v the_o double_a of_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o usurer_n be_v always_o condemn_v to_o pay_v four_o time_n the_o value_n the_o law_n therefore_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n nature_n condition_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o simple_o to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n take_v above_o the_o principal_n be_v usury_n be_v wonderful_a strict_a unless_o you_o take_v the_o word_n usury_n to_o be_v bite_a because_o the_o same_o be_v never_o hurtful_a but_o where_o it_o bit_v and_o the_o matter_n of_o conscience_n consist_v in_o the_o not_o get_v of_o your_o debtor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n the_o usury_n be_v great_a therefore_o to_o take_v but_o two_o or_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o one_o that_o make_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o money_n than_o to_o take_v ten_o or_o twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v a_o great_a gain_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pecunia_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la parere_fw-la alienas_fw-la negociari_fw-la miserias_fw-la fratrem_fw-la non_fw-la mor_fw-fr debis_fw-la non_fw-la munera_fw-la super_fw-la innocentem_fw-la which_o be_v the_o 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so_o be_o endanger_v to_o my_o neighbour_n for_o my_o necessary_a payment_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o my_o debtor_n bear_v my_o loss_n rather_o than_o i_o shall_v sustain_v harm_n or_o danger_n for_o my_o good_a will_n and_o this_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v take_v improper_a usury_n ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la improper_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la and_o it_o be_v so_o be_v improper_o call_v interest_n in_o defence_n of_o usury_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o shopkeeper_n lend_v money_n free_o to_o his_o neighbour_n till_o such_o a_o day_n have_v then_o occasion_n to_o use_v it_o at_o some_o fair_a to_o lay_v it_o out_o in_o ware_n if_o he_o break_v touch_v the_o shopkeeper_n may_v in_o justice_n take_v the_o benefit_n for_o his_o money_n lose_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v have_v by_o the_o ware_n which_o he_o be_v hinder_v to_o buy_v cessante_fw-la exit_fw-la lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la and_o this_o be_v take_v for_o lucro_fw-la 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their_o labour_n and_o industry_n to_o make_v by_o lawful_a trade_n a_o great_a benefit_n thereby_o be_v it_o not_o reason_n that_o the_o other_o two_o although_o they_o be_v idle_a at_o home_n shall_v have_v part_n of_o the_o benefit_n you_o will_v say_v you_o hold_v this_o reasonable_a for_o it_o be_v not_o usury_n at_o all_o but_o these_o two_o man_n take_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o their_o money_n nay_o than_o you_o reply_v and_o say_v it_o be_v usury_n although_o the_o other_o two_o have_v get_v thirty_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o it_o how_o can_v this_o be_v a_o bite_a usury_n answer_n objection_n answer_n but_o they_o have_v not_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o condition_v a_o certainty_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o other_o casualty_n beside_o and_o in_o trust_v they_o that_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o their_o own_o well_o therefore_o say_v you_o i_o will_v not_o deliver_v my_o money_n but_o to_o rich_a man_n herein_o you_o show_v no_o charity_n and_o may_v be_v deceive_v too_o for_o you_o know_v not_o what_o money_n a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o purse_n so_o that_o your_o conscience_n be_v still_o the_o sure_a guide_n to_o direct_v you_o with_o prudence_n as_o the_o loadstone_n do_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o pole_n so_o much_o for_o particular_a person_n now_o come_v to_o examine_v what_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v do_v concern_v usury_n we_o find_v that_o both_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o after_o usury_n have_v be_v banish_v by_o some_o king_n and_o by_o some_o other_o king_n it_o have_v be_v tolerate_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o occasion_n king_n edgar_z before_o the_o conquest_n do_v utter_o forbid_v all_o usury_n realm_n banker_n send_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n so_o do_v king_n edward_n the_o first_o who_o do_v send_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o the_o italian_a banker_n that_o come_v from_o pope_n gregory_n the_o ten_o call_v cursini_fw-la as_o all_o manner_n of_o jew_n who_o do_v mighty_o oppress_v the_o realm_n to_o omit_v what_o other_o king_n have_v do_v we_o know_v that_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o 37_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v a_o statute_n whereby_o none_o be_v suffer_v to_o take_v above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o upon_o loan_n either_o for_o ware_n or_o money_n and_o this_o be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o anno_fw-la 5_o edw._n 6_o which_o afterward_o be_v find_v against_o policy_n be_v abrogate_a so_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v succeed_v which_o do_v tolerate_v the_o say_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v of_o such_o strength_n and_o continuance_n at_o this_o present_a that_o king_n james_n himself_o be_v content_v to_o allow_v the_o say_a rate_n to_o the_o londoner_n for_o some_o money_n borrow_v of_o they_o wherein_o as_o i_o say_v before_o time_n and_o occasion_n do_v alter_v thing_n and_o as_o the_o case_n for_o the_o present_a stand_v with_o england_n and_o foreign_a nation_n we_o have_v usury_n like_o a_o wolf_n by_o the_o ear_n dangerous_a to_o be_v keep_v and_o more_o dangerous_a to_o abandon_v the_o same_o this_o usury_n be_v indeed_o exercise_v to_o the_o poor_a or_o to_o the_o rich_a without_o respect_n of_o damage_n ensue_v become_v intolerable_a but_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n when_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v neglect_v in_o the_o state_n of_o orphan_n in_o mutual_a hazard_n or_o in_o hazard_n public_a allowable_a where_o usury_n be_v allowable_a simple_o to_o disallow_v it_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o to_o go_v about_o to_o remedy_v a_o mischief_n with_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n the_o law_n of_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n do_v therefore_o moderate_a the_o course_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v much_o to_o be_v regard_v where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o as_o follow_v vsuris_fw-la 1._o coâ—_n c._n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la we_o have_v think_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n or_o statute_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o usury_n bring_v the_o old_a hard_a and_o most_o grecuous_a weight_n of_o the_o same_o to_o a_o certain_a moderate_a stay_n or_o mean_a rate_n therefore_o we_o command_v those_o noble_a man_n that_o be_v earl_n or_o their_o better_n that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v any_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a bargain_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n whatsoever_o great_a or_o less_o for_o usury_n or_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v above_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o those_o that_o be_v guardian_n or_o governor_n over_o handiecraft_n man_n or_o place_n where_o artificer_n do_v work_v or_o else_o do_v use_v any_o lawful_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n we_o will_v that_o they_o shall_v moderate_v their_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a promise_n take_v in_o any_o bargain_n to_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v adventure_v their_o good_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o put_v out_o their_o substance_n upon_o their_o own_o hazard_n such_o may_v lawful_o demand_v by_o firm_a promise_n to_o receive_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o take_v above_o that_o rate_n although_o by_o the_o old_a roman_a statute_n it_o have_v be_v lawful_a to_o exceed_v and_o we_o will_v that_o all_o other_o man_n shall_v take_v only_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o excess_n in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v enlarge_v in_o other_o contract_n where_o usury_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v demand_v without_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n make_v neither_o shall_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o increase_v the_o foresay_a taxation_n or_o rate_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n use_v in_o any_o country_n etc._n etc._n this_o imperial_a civil_a law_n have_v
a_o regard_n to_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n be_v due_o observe_v albeit_o the_o lender_n of_o the_o money_n can_v have_v take_v more_o when_o the_o borrower_n will_v give_v it_o to_o serve_v his_o occasion_n without_o this_o precise_a observation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n a_o matter_n considerable_a now_o adays_o since_o the_o west-indies_n have_v be_v discover_v whereby_o the_o currant_n of_o money_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o country_n and_o run_v also_o according_a to_o occasion_n and_o the_o policy_n of_o state_n and_o merchant_n usury_n difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n for_o the_o toleration_n and_o permission_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o rate_n in_o most_o country_n take_v in_o one_o place_n more_o and_o in_o another_o less_o according_a to_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchant_n devise_n money_n a_o policy_n by_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o poland_n lituania_n prussia_n and_o other_o country_n adjacent_a when_o they_o do_v abound_v in_o corn_n money_n be_v common_o very_o scarce_o and_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n thereby_o much_o abate_v at_o which_o time_n they_o will_v rather_o tolerate_v or_o proclaim_v the_o money_n to_o be_v enhance_v in_o price_n or_o to_o be_v deliver_v at_o interest_n after_o fifteen_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o twenty_o and_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o a_o year_n or_o a_o lesser_a time_n hereupon_o present_o great_a store_n of_o money_n come_v from_o all_o place_n thither_o which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o money_n to_o rise_v afterward_o when_o many_o ship_n be_v lade_v and_o the_o fleet_n depart_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n than_o the_o interest_n begin_v to_o fall_v according_o in_o the_o low-countries_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o merchant_n to_o take_v twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n for_o the_o long_o or_o short_a time_n within_o the_o year_n but_o this_o rate_n may_v not_o be_v exceed_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o some_o condition_n of_o casualty_n or_o adventure_n the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n make_v a_o difference_n as_o have_v be_v note_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o the_o take_n of_o one_o in_o the_o month_n be_v most_o usual_a because_o merchant_n be_v the_o most_o lender_n and_o this_o twelve_o pro_fw-la centum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o to_o be_v interest_n upon_o interest_n wherein_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v interest_n interest_n upon_o interest_n for_o this_o twelve_o pound_n be_v deliver_v out_o again_o unto_o another_o be_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o beneficial_a as_o the_o 100_o will_v principal_a albeit_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n when_o matter_n between_o man_n be_v grow_v litigious_a and_o depend_v in_o suit_n than_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n will_v account_v the_o whole_a time_n for_o the_o forbearance_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o the_o year_n past_a without_o any_o interest_n upon_o interest_n politician_n or_o statesman_n be_v to_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o this_o usury_n politic_a action_n usury_n a_o measure_n of_o man_n action_n as_o a_o property_n inherent_a unto_o money_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n man_n do_v measure_v all_o their_o action_n by_o trade_n and_o traffic_n or_o purchase_v build_v plant_v and_o bargain_n in_o all_o thing_n according_o and_o usury_n be_v so_o inherent_a and_o do_v proper_o grow_v with_o the_o decay_n of_o traffic_n usury_n the_o decay_n of_o trade_n increase_v usury_n as_o pasturage_n do_v increase_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o till_v whereupon_o the_o follow_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v as_o matter_n of_o moment_n especial_o in_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o have_v no_o gold_n or_o silver_n mine_n of_o great_a value_n but_o abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n return_v for_o the_o great_a plenty_n and_o quantity_n of_o their_o home_n commodity_n wherein_o the_o high_a continual_a rate_n of_o usury_n may_v prove_v more_o prejudicial_a than_o the_o abovesaid_a policy_n of_o poland_n lituania_n or_o other_o country_n can_v be_v beneficial_a unto_o they_o for_o we_o see_v that_o general_o all_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v get_v any_o great_a wealth_n with_o we_o leave_v trade_v and_o fall_v to_o usury_n the_o gain_n whereof_o be_v easy_a certain_a and_o great_a whereas_o in_o other_o country_n merchant_n continue_v from_o generation_n to_o generation_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o the_o state_n as_o we_o find_v diverse_a renown_a family_n in_o germany_n italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v this_o last_o year_n a_o tract_n against_o usury_n present_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o england_n 1621._o anno_fw-la 1621._o show_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o lesser_a rate_n of_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o take_v in_o the_o low-countries_n where_o money_n be_v so_o plentiful_a and_o upon_o this_o difference_n be_v a_o certain_a operation_n of_o usury_n note_v to_o be_v predominant_a over_o we_o both_o in_o our_o trade_n and_o other_o affair_n first_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n usury_n reason_n against_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n not_o only_o rich_a tradesman_n give_v over_o trade_n but_o a_o number_n of_o beginner_n be_v undo_v and_o discourage_v thereby_o their_o industry_n serve_v but_o to_o enrich_v other_o and_o beggar_n themselves_o second_o that_o many_o trade_n themselves_o be_v decay_v thereby_o because_o they_o can_v afford_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereas_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v no_o high_a than_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v subsist_v and_o flourish_v still_o and_o perhaps_o with_o as_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o those_o that_o do_v bring_v more_o to_o the_o private_a adventure_n which_o ought_v to_o go_v together_o or_o else_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o state_n be_v seldom_o great_o advance_v three_o that_o by_o this_o disadvantage_n between_o six_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o our_o industrious_a neighbour_n do_v out_o trade_n and_o undersell_v we_o for_o they_o almost_o double_a the_o use_n allow_v which_o we_o can_v by_o pay_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereby_o also_o all_o contribution_n to_o the_o war_n work_n of_o piety_n and_o glory_n of_o state_n be_v better_a cheap_a to_o they_o than_o to_o we_o as_o also_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n or_o hire_v of_o they_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n four_o that_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o make_v the_o land_n itself_o of_o small_a value_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a that_o man_n do_v not_o seek_v by_o industry_n any_o more_o to_o improve_v they_o which_o be_v plain_a both_o by_o example_n and_o demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n land_n be_v general_o sell_v for_o thirty_o forty_o and_o some_o for_o fifty_o year_n purchase_n be_v the_o best_a assurance_n and_o secure_a inheritance_n which_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o bear_v still_o a_o rate_n above_o money_n which_o will_v increase_v if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o consequent_o labourer_n wage_n and_o other_o dependence_n thereupon_o which_o be_v therein_o more_o ample_o declare_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o tend_v to_o have_v a_o moderation_n in_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n usury_n objection_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n hereunto_o be_v certain_a objection_n also_o allege_v and_o their_o answer_n to_o maintain_v the_o rate_n of_o usury_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o with_o we_o in_o england_n albeit_o other_o nation_n take_v but_o four_o five_o and_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o 6_o ¼_n which_o be_v call_v rend_v after_o the_o penny_n sixteen_o for_o six_o time_n sixteen_o and_o one_o four_o make_v a_o hundred_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o objection_n be_v few_o in_o number_n first_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o second_o that_o sudden_a change_n be_v dangerous_a three_o that_o money_n will_v sudden_o be_v call_v in_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v much_o prejudice_v four_o that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o come_v by_o and_o commerce_n much_o hinder_v and_o last_o that_o merchant_n stranger_n money_n now_o go_v here_o at_o use_n will_v be_v carry_v away_o again_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n shall_v be_v call_v down_o objection_n answer_v to_o the_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n have_v not_o be_v so_o general_o use_v as_o it_o be_v now_o when_o man_n
conscience_n be_v harden_v unto_o it_o without_o any_o scruple_n or_o indifferent_a consideration_n whereby_o as_o in_o body_n natural_a so_o in_o politic_a disease_n grow_v by_o the_o too_o much_o or_o the_o too_o little_a of_o a_o due_a proportion_n in_o all_o humane_a action_n and_o the_o rule_n that_o innovation_n be_v dangerous_a hold_v true_a where_o the_o body_n natural_a or_o politic_a be_v in_o perfect_a state_n of_o health_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o decline_a there_o to_o make_v no_o alteration_n be_v a_o certain_a way_n to_o run_v to_o destruction_n to_o the_o three_o that_o money_n will_v be_v sudden_o call_v in_o it_o may_v be_v make_v or_o enact_v that_o the_o borrower_n shall_v have_v two_o year_n time_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n he_o owe_v pay_v the_o interest_n and_o observe_v such_o caution_n condition_n and_o limitation_n as_o may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o the_o four_o objection_n that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o be_v borrow_v it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n do_v not_o increase_v in_o the_o quantity_n of_o money_n whereof_o have_v plenty_n cause_v commerce_n to_o flourish_v and_o if_o money_n at_o interest_n be_v call_v down_o what_o will_v usurer_n do_v with_o their_o money_n they_o will_v not_o keep_v it_o by_o they_o as_o a_o dead_a stock_n for_o either_o they_o must_v employ_v it_o in_o trade_n purchase_v land_n or_o lend_v for_o use_v at_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o the_o law_n will_v tolerate_v so_o that_o herein_o can_v be_v no_o hurt_n to_o the_o last_o and_o weak_a objection_n concern_v the_o money_n of_o other_o nation_n deliver_v at_o interest_n here_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o it_o be_v meet_v to_o have_v they_o to_o feed_v upon_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n to_o carry_v out_o such_o gain_n thereby_o by_o multiplication_n of_o interest_n for_o to_o man_n of_o understanding_n in_o cast_v of_o account_n it_o be_v plain_o manifest_a that_o a_o hundred_o pound_n manage_v at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o incredible_a interest_n which_o seem_v incredible_a multiply_v itself_o in_o seventie_o year_n be_v the_o age_n of_o a_o man_n to_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o compare_v to_o the_o butler_n box_n for_o even_o as_o man_n when_o they_o be_v at_o play_n feel_v not_o what_o they_o give_v to_o the_o box_n but_o at_o the_o end_n of_o christmas_n it_o make_v all_o or_o near_o all_o gamester_n loser_n so_o there_o be_v not_o few_o which_o continue_v in_o usury_n that_o be_v not_o ruin_v and_o so_o the_o say_a treatise_n conclude_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o be_v bite_a usury_n but_o to_o apostrophate_v this_o discourse_n and_o to_o remedy_v the_o matter_n let_v we_o but_o procure_v to_o have_v plenty_n of_o money_n real_o in_o specie_fw-la within_o the_o realm_n together_o with_o the_o mean_v use_v in_o other_o country_n in_o the_o lieu_n of_o money_n as_o the_o transfer_v or_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n between_o man_n and_o man_n the_o payment_n by_o assignment_n in_o bank_n without_o handle_v of_o money_n and_o letter_n of_o credit_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o this_o book_n declare_v for_o plenty_n of_o money_n will_v not_o only_o prevent_v but_o also_o effect_v the_o benefit_n intend_v in_o the_o say_a treatise_n make_v usury_n to_o decrease_v in_o price_n rate_n plenty_n of_o money_n decrease_v usury_n in_o price_n or_o rate_n as_o in_o other_o country_n where_o they_o be_v tolerate_v to_o take_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o yet_o money_n be_v plentiful_o to_o be_v have_v at_o five_o six_o and_o seven_o in_o the_o hundred_o then_o will_v the_o king_n custom_n increase_v and_o commerce_n flourish_v nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n land_n be_v improove_v merchant_n and_o artificer_n be_v encourage_v young_a beginner_n be_v enable_v labourer_n find_v quick_a employment_n and_o usurer_n may_v have_v land_n for_o their_o money_n some_o will_v say_v unto_o i_o consider_v the_o premise_n that_o to_o take_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o of_o a_o rich_a merchant_n indeed_o or_o of_o any_o other_o that_o buy_v land_n or_o make_v gain_v by_o the_o money_n be_v no_o bite_a usury_n herein_o to_o qualify_v the_o content_n of_o this_o and_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n i_o note_v two_o consideration_n for_o that_o purpose_n albeit_o that_o it_o seem_v no_o comma_n can_v be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o high_a climate_n to_o the_o low_a centre_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o literal_a word_n denounce_v by_o way_n of_o curse_n against_o usury_n for_o if_o on_o the_o one_o side_n you_o will_v take_v all_o text_n of_o scripture_n so_o precise_o as_o man_n do_v without_o construction_n as_o for_o example_n 18._o phil._n 4._o luke_n 18._o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o ask_v of_o thou_o be_v always_o glad_a pray_v always_o and_o the_o like_a and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n so_o little_a regard_n they_o by_o large_a interpretation_n in_o take_v great_a usury_n what_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n will_v this_o bring_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n therefore_o to_o answer_v the_o question_n i_o say_v that_o consideration_n be_v have_v in_o your_o particular_a and_o the_o party_n who_o make_v benefit_n of_o your_o money_n there_o be_v no_o bite_a usury_n commit_v and_o no_o hurt_n do_v but_o rather_o mutual_a love_n increase_v but_o if_o there_o be_v consideration_n have_v of_o the_o general_a there_o be_v bite_a usury_n commit_v and_o even_o upon_o the_o poor_a and_o mechanike_n people_n for_o by_o your_o mean_n and_o other_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n be_v the_o same_o incorporate_v into_o rich_a man_n hand_n whereby_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n can_v have_v none_o to_o serve_v their_o occasion_n but_o at_o very_o excessive_a and_o abominable_a rate_n and_o that_o upon_o pawn_n also_o for_o your_o deliver_v of_o money_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o under_o do_v enable_v they_o to_o take_v intolerable_a usury_n of_o the_o say_v mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o shall_v now_o be_v declare_v whereby_o they_o devour_v they_o so_o that_o in_o all_o kingdom_n they_o be_v provide_v for_o but_o here_o and_o until_o that_o be_v amend_v your_o take_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o nature_n before_o declare_v be_v a_o bite_a usury_n although_o it_o do_v not_o belong_v unto_o you_o to_o amend_v the_o same_o but_o that_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n be_v to_o provide_v for_o it_o for_o this_o be_v a_o bite_a nay_o a_o very_a gnaw_v to_o the_o bone_n of_o your_o christian_a brother_n with_o who_o you_o ought_v to_o deal_v merciful_o as_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o deal_n among_o man_n that_o be_v deal_n three_o sort_n of_o man_n and_o three_o sot_n of_o deal_n gift_n bargain_v and_o lend_v so_o be_v there_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n the_o stark_a beggar_n the_o poor_a housholder_n and_o the_o rich_a merchant_n or_o gentleman_n to_o the_o first_o you_o ought_v to_o give_v free_o not_o only_o to_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o second_o you_o ought_v to_o lend_v either_o free_o or_o merciful_o and_o not_o to_o feed_v upon_o he_o with_o excessive_a usury_n but_o with_o the_o three_o you_o may_v deal_v straight_o and_o ask_v your_o own_o with_o gain_n especial_o when_o he_o gain_v by_o your_o money_n use_v in_o all_o these_o a_o conscience_n with_o discretion_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xii_o of_o intolerable_a usury_n and_o lombard_n the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o intolerable_a usury_n in_o england_n be_v able_a to_o stupefy_v a_o man_n sense_n consider_v the_o same_o be_v so_o abhor_a of_o heathen_n turk_n and_o barbarian_n it_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o our_o heart_n be_v more_o than_o sufficient_o freeze_v over_o with_o the_o insensible_a yâ—e_n of_o uncharitableness_n because_o the_o cruel_a devour_v thereof_o may_v be_v so_o easy_o prevent_v and_o then_o usury_n politic_a will_v not_o be_v bite_v this_o intolerable_a usury_n be_v effect_v by_o the_o broker_n sell_v old_a apparel_n and_o household_n stuff_n which_o do_v take_v after_o diverse_a rate_n but_o all_o of_o they_o excessive_o they_o be_v the_o fit_a instrument_n to_o receive_v and_o buy_v steal_v good_n whereby_o all_o thief_n be_v encourage_v according_a to_o the_o proverb_n if_o there_o be_v no_o receiver_n there_o will_v be_v few_o thief_n most_o of_o these_o broker_n have_v their_o money_n master_n to_o who_o they_o pay_v twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o 15_o at_o the_o least_o for_o some_o of_o these_o money_n master_v pay_v themselves_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o unto_o other_o so_o that_o one_o thing_n drive_v or_o enforce_v another_o like_o as_o in_o a_o clock_n where_o there_o be_v many_o wheel_n the_o first_o wheel_n be_v stir_v drive_v the_o next_o and_o
have_v spend_v time_n labour_n and_o no_o small_a charge_n in_o hope_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v do_v good_a to_o the_o public_a house_n pawn_v house_n if_o some_o divine_a be_v move_v to_o further_a it_o the_o first_o be_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o which_o end_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o honest_a and_o religious_a man_n his_o majesty_n subject_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o a._n b._n to_o erect_v pawne-house_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v at_o all_o convenient_a time_n money_n upon_o pawn_n of_o or_o upon_o all_o movable_a good_n chattel_n and_o lease_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n that_o the_o undertaker_n may_v be_v authorise_v or_o licence_v to_o take_v for_o the_o attendance_n labour_n and_o pain_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o servant_n wage_n house-rent_n and_o all_o other_o charge_v incident_a thereunto_o as_o follow_v for_o register_n and_o keep_n of_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o fifty_o pound_n or_o more_o one_o farthing_n for_o every_o pound_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n or_o more_o until_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o half_a penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o every_o bill_n give_v for_o pawn_n under_o ten_o pound_n one_o penny_n and_o be_v of_o ten_o pound_n or_o above_o whatsoever_o it_o come_v unto_o but_o two_o penny_n with_o such_o clause_n condition_n and_o caution_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o say_a undertaker_n and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a etc._n etc._n the_o say_v allowance_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n his_o law_n and_o will_v be_v find_v very_o reasonable_a consider_v that_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o usury_n politic_a man_n can_v deliver_v their_o money_n in_o very_a great_a sum_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o free_o and_o without_o such_o trouble_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n the_o second_o mean_a to_o suppress_v the_o bite_a usury_n of_o extortion_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n be_v by_o provide_v a_o course_n that_o they_o may_v have_v money_n upon_o pawn_n without_o pay_v any_o interest_n or_o usury_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n which_o be_v more_o please_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o pawn_n house_n be_v where_o great_a sum_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n and_o all_o man_n to_o prevent_v the_o general_a abuse_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o extortion_n upon_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v more_o heinous_a and_o detestable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o italy_n there_o be_v montes_n pietatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mount_n or_o bank_n of_o charity_n place_n where_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v by_o legacy_n give_v for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o borrow_v upon_o pawn_n and_o to_o pay_v only_o after_o three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o to_o maintain_v the_o officer_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o a_o erect_a mount_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n as_o aforesaid_a may_v be_v think_v more_o reasonable_a pay_v the_o officer_n out_o of_o the_o contribution_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o be_v hereafter_o declare_v usury_n money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o suppress_v usury_n for_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o intolerable_a and_o abominable_a usury_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v charitable_o dispose_v will_v give_v because_o usury_n politic_a shall_v not_o be_v bite_v the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n will_v be_v contributory_a because_o of_o the_o commodiousnes_n of_o it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o give_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n when_o he_o may_v borrow_v a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o long_a time_n according_a to_o occasion_n i_o be_o sure_a of_o most_o man_n inclination_n by_o a_o attempt_n make_v of_o the_o practice_n hereof_o some_o year_n since_o for_o after_o the_o name_n take_v of_o above_o 1500_o person_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o contribute_v yearly_a and_o some_o divine_n and_o other_o that_o will_v lend_v free_o 50_o will_v 100_o will_v or_o more_o for_o some_o year_n and_o some_o 500_o will_v i_o make_v a_o alphabetical_a register_n of_o they_o which_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o great_a personage_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o the_o honour_n thereof_o but_o to_o my_o remembrance_n it_o amount_v to_o some_o 2000_o will_v for_o money_n give_v and_o to_o be_v lend_v and_o above_o six_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o benefactor_n so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o a_o great_a stock_n for_o so_o godly_a a_o work_n if_o authority_n be_v have_v when_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o only_a hope_n and_o surmise_v thereof_o to_o the_o effect_v whereof_o i_o will_v be_v willing_a still_o to_o do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n now_o the_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v order_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o mount_n of_o charity_n consist_v of_o two_o house_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o one_o house_n at_o westminster_n where_o all_o man_n may_v borrow_v money_n in_o small_a sum_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o pawn_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o caution_n or_o security_n of_o the_o say_a money_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o country_n 1_o imprimis_fw-la that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v destitute_a of_o money_n shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o convenient_a time_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o but_o deliver_v only_o a_o pawn_n of_o any_o movable_a thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o one_o time_n until_o a_o competent_a stock_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n for_o ever_o 2_o item_n whereas_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v raise_v and_o to_o be_v increase_v by_o mean_n of_o charitable_a and_o conscionable_a person_n which_o either_o do_v free_o lend_v money_n without_o take_v interest_n for_o the_o same_o or_o do_v free_o give_v in_o money_n and_o yearly_a contribution_n according_a to_o their_o virtuous_a disposition_n which_o money_n may_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n amount_v to_o a_o notable_a sum_n the_o treasurer_n general_a therefore_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n sufficient_a and_o of_o honest_a behaviour_n careful_a to_o appoint_v swear_v honest_a man_n upon_o surety_n to_o collect_v the_o say_v money_n and_o for_o keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n with_o their_o clerk_n and_o other_o attendant_n and_o the_o surueior_fw-fr of_o account_n shall_v be_v a_o man_n diligent_a and_o skilful_a in_o account_n all_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_v charitable_a giver_n and_o free_a lender_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o charitable_a work_n 3_o item_n whereas_o the_o like_a house_n call_v saint_n george_n be_v heretofore_o erect_v at_o genova_n in_o italy_n by_o noble_a knight_n bind_v in_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o people_n relieve_v from_o oppression_n bite_v usury_n and_o extortion_n which_o by_o all_o virtuous_a knight_n be_v at_o all_o time_n approve_v and_o commend_v there_o shall_v be_v keep_v one_o pair_n of_o table_n in_o every_o house_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o such_o honourable_a person_n and_o virtuous_a knight_n '_o as_o shall_v be_v yearly_a contributaries_n by_o quarterly_a payment_n during_o their_o natural_a life_n or_o lend_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n gratis_o for_o a_o time_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o such_o well_o dispose_v person_n as_o by_o
their_o will_n and_o testament_n do_v bequeath_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o pious_a work_n in_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o say_a benefactor_n 4_o item_n that_o the_o say_a officer_n shall_v use_v their_o best_a endeavour_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o move_v all_o well_o dispose_v and_o charitable_a person_n to_o be_v giver_n lender_n and_o contributaries_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o say_a stock_n especial_o when_o man_n be_v visit_v with_o sickness_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o their_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n they_o may_v be_v move_v to_o further_a this_o godly_a action_n for_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o for_o ever_o 5_o item_n that_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v may_v have_v yearly_a inspection_n of_o the_o collection_n and_o account_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n at_o a_o day_n by_o he_o to_o be_v appoint_v to_o see_v the_o due_a execution_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o stock_n aforesaid_a 6_o item_n that_o the_o clerk_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o place_n shall_v attend_v the_o say_a house_n from_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n until_o eleven_o and_o from_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n until_o seven_o begin_v yearly_a from_o the_o five_o and_o twentieth_o day_n of_o march_n until_o the_o last_o of_o september_n and_o afterward_o to_o begin_v but_o at_o seven_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v displace_v 7_o item_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v offer_v to_o pawn_v any_o movable_a thing_n have_v life_n or_o be_v subject_n to_o manifest_a corruption_n or_o pesterable_a ware_n of_o great_a bulk_n but_o only_a thing_n of_o wool_n linen_n silk_n or_o flax_n hemp_n or_o tow_n and_o such_o like_a or_o pewter_n iron_n brass_n or_o any_o other_o matter_n mettaline_a or_o mineral_n or_o of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n or_o precious_a stone_n 8_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o shall_v be_v pawn_v shall_v be_v take_v as_o sell_v in_o open_a market_n or_o shop_n upon_o the_o condition_n follow_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o lawful_a bringer_n thereof_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v recover_v of_o the_o say_a officer_n by_o any_o fraudulent_a deal_n 9_o item_n that_o eâ—erie_a person_n if_o he_o will_v shall_v receive_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o his_o pawn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o pawn_n be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o shilling_n and_o so_o after_o the_o rate_n provide_v it_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o time_n as_o abovesaid_a 10_o item_n that_o the_o say_a pawn_n shall_v be_v safe_o keep_v for_o the_o time_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pawn_v without_o wilful_a detriment_n or_o hurt_n be_v it_o for_o one_o month_n two_o three_o or_o more_o month_n not_o exceed_v the_o time_n of_o one_o year_n without_o new_a licence_n have_v for_o the_o same_o 11_o item_n that_o the_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o good_n as_o aforesaid_a either_o be_v owner_n or_o put_v in_o trust_n to_o pawn_v the_o same_o shall_v declare_v their_o name_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o journals_n and_o other_o register_n and_o bring_v a_o avoucher_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o suspicion_n that_o the_o party_n be_v felon_n or_o accessary_n of_o felony_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o say_v good_n shall_v be_v stay_v for_o 24_o hour_n to_o see_v whether_o any_o person_n do_v claim_v the_o same_o 12_o item_n that_o every_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o thing_n shall_v take_v a_o ticket_n contain_v the_o date_n of_o the_o time_n and_o year_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n lend_v with_o the_o private_a mark_n of_o every_o house_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v his_o pawn_n at_o all_o time_n at_o his_o pleasure_n 13_o item_n that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o convenient_a house_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o man_n wage_n and_o other_o charge_n incident_a for_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o premise_n every_o person_n borrow_v a_o crown_n or_o five_o shilling_n shall_v give_v for_o his_o bill_n or_o ticket_n one_o farthing_n and_o for_o ten_o shilling_n one_o half_a penny_n and_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n one_o penny_n monthly_o and_o for_o a_o great_a or_o small_a sum_n according_o until_o such_o time_n that_o the_o stock_n be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o competent_a sum_n as_o may_v countervail_v the_o say_a charge_n and_o supply_v the_o necessary_a occasion_n or_o want_n of_o the_o borrower_n to_o be_v declare_v hereafter_o 14_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o do_v lie_v above_o one_o year_n be_v not_o license_v to_o remain_v for_o long_a time_n shall_v be_v sell_v by_o a_o public_a officer_n in_o open_a outcry_n every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n the_o say_a officer_n to_o be_v appoint_v and_o swear_v by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o by_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n and_o the_o surplusage_n of_o the_o money_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o of_o the_o say_a pawn_n than_o the_o money_n lend_v thereupon_o after_o charge_n deduct_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o owner_n or_o know_a bringer_n of_o the_o say_a pawn_n or_o to_o their_o heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n within_o one_o month_n after_o sale_n make_v of_o they_o upon_o demand_n to_o be_v make_v and_o by_o default_n of_o the_o say_a heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n to_o be_v deliver_v within_o one_o year_n after_o to_o the_o say_a lord_n maior_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o their_o wisdom_n to_o the_o poor_a 15_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a unto_o the_o say_a officer_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n any_o pawn_n which_o have_v be_v felonious_o take_v upon_o sufficient_a proof_n make_v if_o notice_n be_v give_v before_o the_o register_n thereof_o and_o if_o notice_n be_v give_v after_o the_o say_a register_n or_o pawn_n then_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v thereupon_o and_o charge_n 16_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o treasurer_n general_n and_o surveyor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n or_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n under_o their_o hand_n write_v when_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v increase_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n to_o give_v some_o relief_n unto_o such_o prisoner_n as_o be_v commit_v for_o debt_n in_o the_o several_a prison_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v it_o either_o for_o their_o maintenance_n there_o or_o after_o they_o have_v be_v one_o year_n in_o prison_n towards_o the_o composition_n which_o they_o shall_v make_v with_o their_o creditor_n so_o as_o the_o say_a gift_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o ten_o pound_n towards_o every_o hundred_o pound_n which_o the_o say_a prisoner_n be_v indebt_v if_o their_o good_a behaviour_n and_o likelihood_n to_o do_v well_o shall_v deserve_v the_o same_o *_o âŽ_o *_o quod_fw-la gratis_n accepimus_fw-la gratis_o damus_fw-la chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v usury_n make_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n declare_v that_o usury_n be_v forbid_v and_o contrary_a to_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n do_v by_o way_n of_o toleration_n admit_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v deliver_v his_o money_n at_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n shall_v only_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v that_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o any_o man_n by_o information_n plaint_n or_o bill_n will_v sue_v for_o the_o same_o but_o if_o it_o be_v above_o that_o rate_n the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n shall_v lose_v the_o principal_a money_n and_o incur_v other_o penalty_n and_o this_o statute_n may_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n and_o be_v to_o be_v construe_v against_o he_o direct_o and_o indirect_o wherefore_o all_o man_n deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o they_o make_v their_o contract_n because_o many_o mistake_n may_v happen_v for_o that_o all_o council_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n be_v not_o good_a arithmetician_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o those_o contract_n insomuch_o that_o by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o contract_n be_v find_v usurious_a and_o to_o exceed_v the_o rate_n be_v not_o only_o void_a ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o the_o principal_a and_o interest_n be_v also_o lose_v this_o statute_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o
act_n make_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o the_o word_n be_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v none_o may_v have_v receive_v accept_v or_o take_v for_o the_o lend_n or_o forbear_v of_o his_o or_o their_o money_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n or_o for_o a_o long_o or_o short_a time_n or_o for_o a_o more_o or_o less_o sum_n above_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o pound_n pro_fw-la cent_n yearly_a 37._o hen._n 8._o forasmuch_o as_o some_o man_n usury_n a_o objection_n to_o the_o statuâ—e_n of_o usury_n accuse_v the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n to_o have_v commit_v some_o absurdity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o clear_v the_o same_o the_o statute_n say_v they_o give_v ability_n unto_o a_o man_n to_o take_v one_o way_n ten_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n or_o more_o for_o the_o use_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o two_o year_n and_o another_o way_n he_o can_v take_v ten_o pound_n five_o shilling_n and_o less_o for_o one_o year_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n that_o time_n be_v proper_o the_o judge_n hereof_o and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v the_o say_a statute_n without_o the_o limitation_n of_o a_o time_n certain_a they_o will_v not_o find_v any_o absurdity_n therein_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v it_o otherwise_o more_o certain_a usury_n time_n beget_v usury_n to_o make_v this_o evident_o appear_v and_o of_o necessity_n time_n be_v herein_o efficient_a and_o active_a and_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o positive_a and_o passive_a let_v we_o suppose_v that_o you_o do_v deliver_v at_o interest_n one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o you_o may_v lawful_o receive_v at_o the_o three_o month_n end_n two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n for_o your_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o hundred_o pound_n again_o for_o other_o three_o month_n by_o a_o new_a contract_n or_o agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v again_o 2_o will_v 10_o ss_z continue_v in_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n by_o four_o several_a agreement_n whereby_o you_o do_v receive_v three_o part_n of_o your_o interest_n at_o several_a time_n which_o interest_n you_o may_v put_v out_o also_o at_o usury_n and_o so_o take_v above_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o without_o incur_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n time_n agreement_n alter_v â—he_n property_n of_o use_n money_n by_o time_n because_o your_o agreement_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n which_o you_o do_v receive_v and_o be_v beget_v in_o time_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o which_o be_v before_o another_o man_n be_v thereby_o become_v you_o and_o thereof_o you_o may_v dispose_v again_o but_o if_o you_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o will_v from_o the_o beginning_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n than_o you_o can_v have_v but_o ten_o pound_n interest_n for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o year_n end_v with_o your_o principal_n for_o the_o property_n of_o the_o ten_o pound_n be_v not_o till_o then_o alter_v by_o your_o agreement_n thus_o be_v it_o with_o money_n deliver_v for_o a_o short_a time_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v it_o for_o money_n deliver_v out_o for_o a_o long_a time_n as_o for_o example_n one_o deliver_v out_o 100_o will_v for_o four_o year_n for_o the_o which_o at_o the_o four_o year_n end_n he_o can_v receive_v but_o 140_o will_v but_o if_o he_o have_v deliver_v out_o 100_o will_v for_o one_o year_n he_o may_v at_o the_o year_n end_v receive_v 10_o will_v for_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o 100_o pound_n again_o for_o the_o second_o year_n by_o a_o new_a agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v another_o ten_o pound_n and_o so_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n now_o whereas_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o several_a agreement_n according_a to_o the_o time_n he_o have_v alter_v the_o property_n of_o interest_n money_n and_o receive_v 10_o will_v the_o fiâ—st_a year_n he_o may_v put_v out_o again_o this_o 10_o will_v as_o his_o own_o for_o another_o year_n and_o so_o have_v interest_n thereof_o twenty_o shilling_n whereby_o he_o receive_v 11_o will_v the_o second_o year_n which_o be_v put_v out_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n will_v yield_v he_o according_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o 10_o will_v receive_v the_o second_o and_o three_o year_n which_o will_v yield_v he_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n according_o so_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v above_o 146_o will_v being_n thus_o deliver_v out_o the_o body_n of_o his_o sum_n still_o remain_v whole_a and_o be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o time_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o 100_o will_v be_v deliver_v out_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o four_o year_n to_o be_v repay_v by_o 25_o will_v a_o year_n and_o the_o interest_n it_o follow_v proportionable_o that_o the_o first_o year_n he_o be_v to_o receive_v 27_o will_v 10_o ss_z the_o second_o year_n 30_o will_v the_o three_o year_n 32_o will_v 10_o ss_z and_o the_o four_o year_n 35_o will_v which_o make_v all_o but_o 125_o will_v add_v to_o this_o the_o interest_n of_o 25_o will_v receive_v in_o deduction_n of_o his_o principal_a three_o year_n before_o the_o time_n which_o be_v 7_o will_v 10_o ss_z and_o of_o 25_o will_v more_v in_o like_a manner_n for_o two_o year_n which_o be_v 5_o will_v and_o of_o 25_o will_v more_v for_o the_o three_o year_n which_o be_v receive_v one_o year_n before_o the_o time_n which_o be_v 2_o will_v 10_o ss_z all_z be_v 15_o will_v which_o together_o with_o the_o 125_o will_v make_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o 140_o will_v but_o when_o money_n be_v repay_v in_o this_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n than_o the_o body_n of_o your_o sum_n of_o 100_o will_v be_v divide_v and_o still_o time_n and_o interest_n must_v concur_v for_o the_o interest_n be_v beget_v by_o time_n for_o you_o may_v not_o deliver_v out_o 300_o will_v for_o three_o year_n to_o be_v repay_v 100_o will_v yearly_a and_o receive_v the_o first_o year_n 130_o will_v the_o second_o year_n 120_o will_v and_o the_o three_o year_n 110_o will_v but_o you_o must_v receive_v the_o first_o year_n 110_o will_v the_o second_o year_n 120_o will_v and_o the_o three_o year_n 130_o will_v because_o you_o have_v not_o forbear_v your_o money_n for_o any_o long_a time_n proportionable_o according_a to_o your_o contract_n and_o agreement_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n be_v not_o alter_v effectual_o according_a to_o the_o law_n for_o 10_o pro_fw-la ceâ—â—_n for_o a_o year_n be_v the_o cubike_a root_n which_o do_v increase_v and_o decrease_v both_o way_n according_o yet_o some_o will_v say_v root_n the_o property_n of_o the_o cubike_a root_n suppose_v that_o i_o have_v 3000_o will_v in_o money_n to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n be_v not_o my_o 3000_o will_v worth_n 300_o will_v at_o the_o year_n end_n &_o may_v not_o i_o lawful_o receive_v that_o 300_o will_v and_o any_o part_n of_o my_o principal_n and_o continue_v the_o rest_n for_o another_o year_n and_o so_o do_v the_o like_a for_o more_o year_n who_o doubt_v thereof_o so_o that_o you_o do_v make_v new_a contract_n or_o agreement_n from_o year_n to_o year_n whereby_o the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n become_v effectual_o alter_v according_a to_o the_o law_n as_o aforesaid_a your_o money_n from_o the_o beginning_n be_v deliver_v out_o but_o for_o one_o year_n but_o if_o you_o do_v deliver_v your_o 3000_o will_v from_o the_o begin_n by_o one_o sole_a contract_n and_o agreement_n for_o six_o year_n to_o be_v repay_v yearly_a by_o 500_o will_v and_o receive_v 550_o will_v the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o say_v 300_o will_v for_o your_o interest_n and_o 250_o will_v for_o part_n of_o your_o principal_n as_o it_o may_v be_v construe_v against_o you_o then_o do_v you_o incur_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o in_o this_o which_o be_v for_o a_o more_o sum_n and_o a_o long_a time_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n as_o there_o be_v with_o a_o less_o sum_n and_o a_o short_a time_n as_o by_o the_o former_a example_n be_v declare_v and_o as_o there_o be_v more_o gain_n when_o money_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o three_o month_n or_o less_o time_n and_o so_o continue_v from_o time_n to_o time_n within_o the_o year_n than_o when_o money_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o one_o year_n so_o be_v there_o more_o gain_v when_o money_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o one_o year_n and_o continue_v by_o new_a agrement_n from_o year_n to_o year_n than_o when_o it_o be_v original_o deliver_v out_o for_o six_o or_o more_o year_n agree_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o geometrical_a deliniation_n
no_o usury_n i_o be_o surety_n for_o one_o and_o pay_v the_o debt_n 2._o exeunt_n side_n iussâ—r_v c._n 1._o &_o 2._o pay_v usury_n for_o the_o same_o money_n the_o principal_a debtor_n for_o who_o i_o be_v bind_v be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o i_o the_o usury_n and_o the_o payment_n unto_o i_o be_v no_o usury_n for_o i_o receive_v but_o my_o own_o a_o man_n by_o testament_n grant_v a_o legacy_n and_o will_v his_o son_n to_o pay_v the_o legacy_n and_o so_o much_o nomine_fw-la poenae_fw-la for_o non_fw-la pay_v it_o the_o law_n say_v the_o testator_n may_v charge_v his_o executor_n or_o heir_n under_o a_o penalty_n to_o pay_v his_o legacy_n and_o the_o same_o be_v no_o usury_n but_o if_o the_o testator_n shall_v say_v thus_o i_o will_v that_o my_o son_n or_o executor_n shall_v pay_v for_o every_o month_n that_o they_o be_v behind_o hand_n so_o much_o and_o so_o from_o month_n to_o month_n till_o it_o be_v pay_v this_o be_v usury_n say_v the_o lawyer_n because_o the_o time_n be_v mention_v and_o pein_v wherein_o baldus_n be_v absolute_a the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v most_o in_o thing_n passive_a and_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v leave_v only_o between_o man_n with_o certain_a caution_n sail_v thus_o dangerous_o between_o the_o two_o rock_n of_o sylla_n and_o charybdis_n with_o the_o great_a tempest_n about_o usury_n look_v that_o the_o bright_a and_o fortunate_a star_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n shall_v appear_v to_o bring_v a_o calm_a in_o detestation_n of_o all_o usury_n loe_o a_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n be_v bring_v forth_o ground_v upon_o traffic_n and_o usury_n yet_o with_o a_o religious_a care_n to_o prevent_v the_o bite_a usury_n upon_o the_o poor_a and_o honest_a householder_n and_o to_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v peace_n through_o all_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a and_o particular_a quarrel_n and_o difference_n between_o prince_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o admirable_a *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n the_o particular_n of_o this_o princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n be_v compile_v by_o certain_a politician_n of_o diverse_a nation_n be_v exhibit_v unto_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 1608_o by_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n and_o command_v to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o i_o to_o translate_v the_o same_o into_o english_a but_o i_o find_v the_o original_n to_o be_v in_o latin_a and_o italian_a and_o partly_o in_o french_a as_o it_o have_v be_v propound_v in_o diverse_a country_n unto_o other_o prince_n which_o have_v subscribe_v thereunto_o intend_v to_o have_v keep_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o but_o on_o the_o sudden_a be_v deprive_v thereof_o i_o do_v instant_o set_v down_o the_o substance_n follow_v of_o it_o to_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o contentment_n of_o some_o of_o then_o my_o honourable_a friend_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o any_o universal_a conclusion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v the_o same_o public_a manifest_v thereby_o that_o usury_n politic_a be_v like_a to_o continue_v in_o all_o country_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v therefore_o prevent_v bite_a usury_n upon_o the_o poor_a by_o the_o charitable_a mean_n of_o pawne-house_n or_o mount_v of_o charity_n as_o aforesaid_a substance_n of_o the_o sole_a universal_a and_o perpetual_a contract_n of_o commerce_n or_o unite_a society_n of_o knighthood_n to_o be_v make_v between_o all_o prince_n and_o one_o private_a person_n for_o the_o sure_a maintain_n of_o peace_n among_o christian_n and_o increase_v of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n through_o all_o the_o world_n ground_v upon_o jus_o gentium_fw-la by_o the_o article_n follow_v the_o contract_n or_o covenant_n to_o be_v make_v with_o seven_o quality_n of_o person_n emperor_n king_n prince_n arch-duke_n earl_n knight_n and_o gentleman_n among_o which_o some_o merchant_n be_v comprise_v in_o all_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o one_o hundred_o person_n with_o the_o poor_a to_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o as_o be_v so_o many_o stake_n wherein_o seignory_n commonweal_n society_n and_o order_n shall_v be_v account_v for_o one_o also_o every_o stake_n to_o be_v from_o five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a until_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o stake_n wherein_o emperor_n and_o king_n may_v not_o exceed_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n duke_n earl_n and_o commonweal_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o person_n no_o man_n to_o be_v adâ—aunced_v to_o this_o society_n but_o for_o his_o desert_n or_o wealth_n or_o for_o both_o wherein_o but_o one_o of_o the_o kindred_n to_o succeed_v the_o father_n or_o the_o near_a of_o consanguinity_n by_o default_n of_o son_n the_o person_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o noble_a or_o great_a in_o government_n every_o one_o a_o stake_n and_o the_o master_n of_o count_a house_n for_o a_o stake_n serve_v gratis_o or_o some_o other_o merchant_n these_o house_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v in_o all_o place_n of_o peace_n or_o security_n and_o all_o other_o place_n as_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o be_v govern_v and_o serve_v by_o correspondency_n which_o may_v be_v in_o number_n seven_o or_o nine_o to_o one_o stake_n and_o so_o augment_v the_o stock_n by_o their_o credit_n and_o mean_n according_o receive_v a_o proportionable_a gain_n of_o the_o benefit_n procure_v by_o their_o employment_n without_o any_o other_o use_n or_o consideration_n for_o their_o money_n the_o money_n deliver_v to_o this_o society_n for_o the_o stock_n to_o remain_v for_o ever_o by_o way_n of_o donation_n only_o the_o revenue_n yearly_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o party_n their_o heir_n or_o next_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o to_o the_o lawful_a assign_v or_o by_o default_n after_o a_o time_n to_o the_o poor_a the_o person_n advance_v by_o desert_n and_o without_o money_n bring_v in_o shall_v for_o their_o stake_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v want_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v allow_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o until_o the_o same_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v offer_v by_o four_o or_o five_o year_n revenue_n to_o be_v do_v or_o by_o deduction_n of_o six_o and_o one_o four_o part_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la no_o man_n for_o any_o criminal_a offence_n shall_v by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n lose_v his_o stake_n or_o for_o any_o misdemeanour_n hinder_v his_o posterity_n to_o enjoy_v the_o revenue_n thereof_o but_o lose_v his_o voice_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v equal_a and_o moreover_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o society_n may_v be_v hinder_v thereby_o defalcation_n by_o suspense_n of_o payment_n shall_v be_v make_v until_o reparation_n make_v thereof_o unto_o the_o say_a society_n at_o their_o pleasure_n no_o executor_n administrator_n surveyor_n curator_n or_o other_o person_n or_o assign_v be_v to_o meddle_v with_o the_o premise_n but_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n or_o ob_fw-la intestato_fw-la fall_v upon_o child_n under_o year_n or_o woman_n to_o take_v the_o account_n and_o revenue_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o other_o without_o any_o other_o account_n to_o be_v make_v all_o controversy_n arise_v between_o they_o of_o the_o society_n for_o matter_n of_o traffic_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o master_n of_o count_v house_n with_o their_o counsel_n of_o assistance_n to_o be_v appoint_v unto_o they_o without_o any_o appellation_n or_o remove_v to_o any_o other_o court_n or_o jurisdiction_n whatsoever_o the_o preservation_n and_o assurance_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o credit_n be_v by_o the_o authority_n and_o confirmation_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n who_o notwithstanding_o particular_a difference_n be_v general_o incline_v to_o maintain_v traffic_n as_o the_o soul_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o the_o say_a authority_n because_o of_o the_o protection_n thereof_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v corroborate_v for_o the_o defence_n thereof_o by_o their_o association_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n in_o unity_n of_o covenant_n with_o one_o private_a person_n of_o the_o quality_n hereafter_o declare_v in_o seven_o tongue_n whereof_o every_o prince_n in_o his_o own_o language_n for_o subscription_n be_v once_o to_o have_v precedency_n and_o after_o that_o without_o any_o ceremonial_a or_o politic_a observation_n to_o be_v use_v indifferent_o to_o which_o end_n the_o say_a prince_n and_o potentate_n be_v to_o renounce_v all_o law_n privilege_n exception_n or_o immunity_n of_o what_o high_a nature_n or_o dignity_n soever_o to_o the_o contrary_a and_o to_o make_v approbation_n of_o this_o contract_n by_o their_o parlement_n or_o high_a court_n
of_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o best_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v every_o person_n of_o this_o society_n to_o be_v free_a and_o exempt_v of_o all_o imposition_n tax_n custom_n subsidy_n lend_v of_o money_n any_o manner_n of_o way_n or_o any_o charge_n as_o also_o master_n of_o the_o count_a house_n which_o shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o exercise_v any_o traffic_n or_o trade_n particular_a but_o must_v whole_o employ_v themselves_o to_o this_o business_n with_o such_o allowance_n and_o order_n as_o be_v prescribe_v unto_o they_o all_o worldly_a thing_n be_v subject_a to_o mutability_n even_o the_o greatness_n and_o superiority_n of_o prince_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v depose_v for_o a_o time_n and_o afterward_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o of_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o three_o part_n allot_v unto_o they_o for_o three_o stake_n in_o this_o covenant_n the_o two_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o prince_n until_o he_o be_v restore_v again_o or_o dead_a which_o be_v only_o to_o take_v place_n in_o all_o hereditary_a kingdom_n the_o say_a society_n therefore_o not_o to_o purchase_v any_o land_n for_o the_o generality_n to_o endanger_v prince_n estate_n but_o only_o for_o their_o particular_a as_o occasion_n serve_v model_n or_o medalia_fw-la to_o be_v wear_v by_o the_o say_v hundred_o person_n of_o the_o society_n and_o the_o master_n of_o count_a house_n only_o with_o emendation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o by_o their_o successor_n upon_o true_a register_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o be_v make_v and_o keep_v thereof_o the_o say_v model_n to_o contain_v on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o world_n concatenate_v together_o under_o a_o crown_n imperial_a assist_v with_o the_o personage_n of_o prosperity_n honour_n and_o mercy_n environ_v round_o about_o with_o two_o enclose_a hand_n and_o arm_n of_o faith_n and_o credit_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o like_a with_o a_o cross_n and_o inscription_n he_o do_v crown_v his_o own_o work_n in_o us._n all_o which_o person_n shall_v be_v make_v noble_a knight_n of_o this_o order_n according_o with_o certain_a other_o addition_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v convenient_a as_o by_o faith_n and_o credit_n it_o shall_v subsist_v or_o the_o like_a the_o aforesaid_a stock_n and_o credit_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o say_a master_n of_o count_a house_n and_o assistant_n in_o five_o several_a matter_n by_o exchange_n bank_n mount_v of_o charity_n mensa_fw-la argentaria_fw-la and_o house_n of_o vendition_n without_o any_o adventure_n or_o loss_n according_a to_o a_o instruction_n show_v the_o benefit_n and_o commodiousness_n which_o will_v arise_v thereby_o unto_o all_o estate_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o honour_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o rich_a relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o general_a have_v some_o gratuity_n bestow_v upon_o they_o the_o private_a person_n with_o who_o all_o the_o aforesaid_a party_n be_v to_o covenant_n be_v to_o be_v general_a master_n of_o all_o the_o count_a house_n and_o only_o to_o keep_v a_o general_a book_n of_o account_n without_o any_o administration_n of_o the_o stock_n or_o to_o meddle_v in_o any_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n but_o to_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n with_o a_o large_a allowance_n of_o charge_n expense_n have_v and_o to_o be_v have_v for_o to_o entertain_v all_o the_o party_n and_o correspondency_n which_o may_v resort_v to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o habitation_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o must_v be_v provide_v of_o a_o stately_a house_n with_o all_o convenient_a thing_n necessary_a and_o many_o servant_n messenger_n and_o post_n with_o the_o gain_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n that_o he_o do_v furnish_v by_o many_o allowance_n and_o other_o mean_n to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o the_o party_n according_a to_o a_o particular_a agreement_n wherein_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n be_v name_v the_o chief_a place_n or_o rendezvous_n of_o this_o negotiation_n or_o intend_a contract_n whereunto_o diverse_a country_n have_v condescend_v the_o author_n of_o this_o project_n under_o the_o say_a private_a name_n do_v desire_n for_o the_o advancement_n hereof_o permission_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o safgarde_n to_o be_v protect_v from_o all_o injury_n and_o to_o repair_v all_o damage_n which_o may_v be_v do_v unto_o they_o in_o hostile_a or_o peaceable_a manner_n freedom_n of_o all_o tax_n and_o assurance_n for_o their_o person_n and_o good_n according_a to_o a_o instruction_n to_o which_o end_n the_o master_n general_a of_o the_o say_v count_v house_n if_o breach_n be_v make_v by_o any_o one_o of_o the_o party_n in_o any_o article_n of_o this_o covenant_n be_v to_o receive_v the_o complaint_n and_o to_o consult_v with_o his_o counsel_n of_o assistance_n and_o so_o to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o unto_o the_o next_o neighbour_n prince_n or_o state_n of_o this_o society_n to_o see_v the_o same_o redress_v or_o amend_v if_o that_o prince_n do_v deny_v to_o be_v aid_v or_o be_v forgetful_a therein_o he_o shall_v be_v accessary_a and_o judge_v as_o guilty_a as_o the_o first_o offendor_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o first_o offendor_n for_o the_o time_n shall_v be_v he_o and_o the_o society_n may_v remove_v their_o count_a house_n or_o change_v they_o into_o correspondency_n if_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n shall_v also_o prove_v to_o be_v negligent_a and_o without_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o private_a gain_n abandon_v so_o good_a a_o action_n lose_v their_o title_n or_o revenue_n violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n wherewith_o no_o doubt_n most_o prince_n shall_v find_v themselves_o aggrieve_v and_o these_o prince_n or_o person_n transgressor_n will_v find_v the_o worse_o and_o endanger_v their_o estate_n to_o their_o great_a dishonour_n through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o disturbance_n of_o other_o neighbour_n prince_n for_o the_o better_a advancement_n hereof_o there_o be_v a_o place_n reserve_v for_o reward_n of_o two_o unknown_a person_n which_o by_o their_o industry_n labour_n and_o science_n shall_v be_v think_v worthy_a thereof_o one_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o it_o this_o princely_a contract_n require_v a_o serious_a consideration_n the_o stock_n or_o capital_a be_v 2_o ½_n million_o or_o 2500_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a or_o ten_o million_o flemish_a which_o increase_v by_o nine_o hundred_o correspondency_n will_v make_v the_o stock_n to_o be_v twenty_o and_o five_o million_o oâ—_n one_o hundred_o million_o flemish_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o through_o all_o the_o world_n there_o lie_v so_o much_o money_n dead_a without_o any_o use_n or_o employment_n the_o calculation_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n double_v yearly_a so_o that_o he_o who_o by_o gift_n employ_v one_o hundred_o pound_n be_v to_o have_v for_o it_o one_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a for_o ever_o and_o this_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v get_v by_o five_o several_a mean_n viz._n by_o cambium_n bank_n mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la mâ—nsa_fw-la argentaria_n and_o domus_fw-la commutationis_fw-la whereof_o you_o may_v find_v the_o particular_n in_o this_o book_n the_o proceed_n of_o this_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n have_v be_v interrupt_v by_o monsieur_n olden_n barnevelt_fw-mi late_o execute_v at_o the_o hague_n in_o holland_n the_o sequel_n hereof_o time_n will_v discover_v and_o we_o may_v say_v with_o the_o poet_n quid_fw-la non_fw-la mortalia_fw-la pectora_fw-la cogunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n chap._n xviii_o of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n annuity_n and_o pension_n have_v entreat_v of_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n without_o casualty_n and_o so_o term_v usury_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o contract_n of_o benefit_n without_o adventure_n it_o be_v convenient_a to_o handle_v of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n when_o merchant_n do_v give_v twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o without_o pawn_n call_v beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o penny_n 8_o the_o moiety_n whereof_o with_o pawn_n be_v six_o upon_o the_o hundred_o or_o double_a eight_o according_a to_o the_o penny_n 16_o as_o aforesaid_a the_o penny_n 8_o be_v 12_o ½_n for_o eight_o time_n 12_o ½_n make_v one_o hundred_o so_o the_o penny_n 16_o which_o be_v use_v for_o rent_n upon_o house_n or_o land_n be_v 6_o ¼_n according_a to_o which_o penny_n 8_o upon_o one_o life_n or_o double_a for_o one_o year_n so_o they_o all_o live_v be_v equal_a upon_o eight_o life_n this_o be_v much_o use_v in_o diverse_a city_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o draw_v money_n into_o their_o hand_n as_o for_o example_n one_o hundred_o pound_n be_v deliver_v to_o have_v two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o it_o at_o the_o year_n end_v upon_o eight_o life_n if_o they_o all_o live_v you_o have_v two_o hundred_o pound_n to_o buy_v a_o perpetual_a rent_n or_o sometime_o as_o it_o have_v be_v
circumstantibus_fw-la and_o empannell_n they_o that_o be_v to_o take_v other_o person_n of_o the_o stander_n by_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trial_n when_o the_o jury_n have_v deliver_v up_o their_o verdict_n execution_n verdict_n judgement_n and_o execution_n if_o nothing_o be_v allege_v in_o respite_n of_o judgement_n than_o judgement_n be_v have_v of_o course_n and_o alsoe_o execution_n be_v award_v to_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o final_a end_n of_o law_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v three_o mean_n to_o dissolve_v the_o say_a judgement_n and_o execution_n namely_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o a_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la which_o writ_n be_v ground_v upon_o equity_n by_o law_n and_o conscience_n the_o writ_n of_o attaint_n be_v not_o only_o tedious_a and_o thargeable_a attaint_n write_v of_o attaint_n but_o also_o never_o for_o seldom_o try_v for_o the_o same_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o party_n grieve_v against_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o the_o party_n for_o who_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v and_o whereas_o before_o common_o upon_o the_o first_o enquest_n they_o be_v all_o yeoman_n or_o man_n of_o mean_a call_n now_o upon_o this_o attaint_n must_v go_v twenty_o four_o gentleman_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o forty_o eight_o must_v be_v warn_v to_o appear_v then_o there_o must_v in_o the_o attaint_n no_o more_o evidence_n be_v bring_v in_o but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o allege_v before_o the_o first_o enquest_n which_o not_o appear_v of_o record_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v make_v a_o plain_a matter_n again_o gentleman_n and_o other_o be_v loath_a to_o discredit_v their_o neighbour_n yet_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o apparent_a that_o they_o must_v needs_o find_v they_o attaint_v then_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o defer_v the_o judgement_n and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o agreement_n or_o at_o the_o least_o one_o of_o they_o that_o be_v 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