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and_o hindrance_n of_o importation_n of_o any_o to_o we_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v no_o remedy_n but_o in_o the_o watch_n of_o the_o exchange_n to_o preserve_v our_o own_o at_o home_n and_o our_o ample_a trade_n of_o woollen_a commodity_n will_v advance_v the_o balance_n a_o high_a exchange_n hinder_v money_n to_o come_v from_o the_o east_n divert_v the_o rial_n of_o eight_o that_o come_v from_o the_o west_n and_o hinder_v employment_n at_o home_n a_o low_a exchange_n export_v our_o money_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la for_o gain_v wherefore_o neither_o high_a nor_o low_a exchange_n be_v advantageous_a but_o prejudicial_a to_o we_o only_o now_o a_o medium_n be_v the_o best_a give_v leave_n to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n as_o necessity_n or_o plenty_n invite_v and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o right_v and_o equity_n to_o all_o man_n which_o otherwise_o carry_v they_o have_v three_o way_n of_o exportation_n namely_o by_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n but_o there_o be_v but_o 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exchange_n here_o in_o england_n to_o keep_v they_o do_v thereby_o spoil_v the_o market_n of_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n on_o the_o contrary_a be_v advance_v four_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o through_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n which_o make_v general_o thing_n dear_a which_o plenty_n be_v increase_v by_o our_o own_o money_n transport_v to_o our_o own_o hurt_n every_o way_n second_o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n whereby_o man_n be_v incline_v to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n and_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n when_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n and_o therein_o our_o excessive_a use_n of_o they_o do_v encourage_v they_o three_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n beyond_o sea_n to_o go_v currant_n far_o above_o their_o value_n for_o by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v alter_v also_o and_o this_o toleration_n be_v a_o hindrance_n for_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n cause_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v over_o at_o a_o dear_a rate_n four_o for_o that_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o silk_n velvet_n fustian_n and_o such_o like_a be_v engross_v by_o the_o banker_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o sell_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n these_o both_o way_n consider_v must_v needs_o bring_v a_o over_o balance_n in_o our_o trade_n in_o value_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o 500000_o a_o year_n at_o least_o thus_o we_o may_v consider_v how_o the_o banker_n and_o every_o one_o of_o our_o felve_n do_v use_v or_o rather_o abuse_v the_o exchange_n make_v it_o a_o trade_n for_o money_n and_o make_v that_o a_o bite_a usury_n which_o be_v invent_v for_o speedy_a commutation_n ease_n safety_n and_o moderate_a gain_n to_o the_o lender_n and_o merchant_n borrower_n indifferent_o thus_o you_o see_v marchandize_v exchange_n rule_v money_n as_o money_n rule_v commodity_n and_o that_o be_v full_o prove_v when_o we_o shall_v find_v visible_o that_o one_o sum_n 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a_o special_a regard_n and_o care_n unto_o which_o i_o most_o humble_o present_a to_o your_o grave_a consideration_n lest_o the_o want_n of_o money_n when_o you_o stand_v most_o need_n of_o it_o now_o fly_v away_o from_o we_o do_v still_o continue_v the_o fall_n of_o wool_n yet_o low_o with_o all_o other_o commodity_n and_o your_o rent_n and_o livelihood_n to_o fall_v which_o will_v be_v the_o undo_n of_o your_o tenant_n turn_v up_o your_o farm_n impoverish_v all_o trade_n and_o handy_a craft_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n exceed_o in_o general_a which_o in_o truth_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o rebellion_n procure_v through_o a_o general_a decay_n of_o all_o estate_n every_o man_n be_v ready_a to_o strike_v the_o next_o above_o he_o or_o about_o he_o and_o these_o be_v the_o fearful_a effect_n that_o follow_v a_o unequal_a exchange_n and_o for_o truth_n the_o cunning_a course_n thereof_o unknown_a to_o most_o merchant_n and_o almost_o all_o man_n else_o except_v some_o few_o that_o use_v it_o for_o their_o private_a and_o unconscionable_a gain_n to_o the_o kingdom_n loss_n like_v unto_o the_o canker_n or_o disease_n call_v a_o wolf_n eat_v and_o consume_v the_o bosom_n that_o first_o breed_v it_o give_v i_o leave_v before_o i_o explain_v the_o conceive_a remedy_n to_o inform_v you_o that_o if_o any_o to_o delude_v time_n will_v oppose_v or_o contradict_v that_o a_o unequal_a exchange_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o our_o state_n it_o be_v yield_v unto_o by_o common_a assent_n of_o all_o hand_n merchant_n and_o other_o that_o a_o unequal_a exchange_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o state_n when_o be_v be_v controvert_v and_o determine_v in_o king_n james_n his_o time_n at_o what_o time_n he_o appoint_v certain_a commissioner_n for_o trade_n to_o sit_v weekly_o in_o haberdashers-hall_n whereupon_o it_o follow_v that_o for_o the_o prevention_n
england_n look_a in_o and_o out_o present_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n now_o assemble_v by_o the_o author_n r._n m._n knight_n london_n print_v by_o t._n badger_n for_o h_o mosley_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o saint_n paul_n churchyard_n 1640._o the_o humble_a request_n of_o sir_n ralph_n maddison_n knight_n to_o the_o honourable_a house_n of_o commons_o die_v martis_n primo_fw-la decembris_fw-la 1640._o that_o it_o will_v please_v this_o honourable_a assembly_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o take_v into_o their_o consideration_n the_o decay_n of_o our_o kingdom_n commodity_n and_o especial_o the_o wool_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o late_a year_n much_o decay_v in_o price_n which_o if_o it_o continue_v will_v assure_o pull_v down_o the_o revenue_n of_o king_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o unspeakable_a loss_n of_o all_o in_o general_n which_o your_o humble_a petitioner_n conceive_v to_o come_v by_o two_o special_a or_o principal_a way_n or_o mean_n both_o of_o they_o worthy_a of_o your_o high_a and_o noble_a consideration_n namely_o the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n in_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n and_o the_o marchandize_a exchange_n by_o bill_n use_v between_o we_o and_o stranger_n both_o which_o do_v tend_v to_o and_o in_o truth_n do_v drive_v out_o our_o kingdom_n coin_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o make_n up_o the_o unequal_a and_o prejudicial_a balance_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o usurious_a and_o canker-eating_a contract_n daily_o practise_v between_o we_o and_o stranger_n and_o especial_o the_o banker_n the_o first_o mover_n therein_o and_o because_o the_o word_n balance_n of_o trade_n or_o commerce_n and_o marchandize_v exchange_n must_v of_o force_n be_v mention_v because_o they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o art_n of_o science_n well_o know_v to_o many_o in_o this_o honourable_a assembly_n who_o have_v be_v verse_v by_o trade_n or_o travel_n in_o foreign_a part_n yet_o because_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v more_o here_o assemble_v that_o have_v not_o be_v verâ—ed_v or_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o marchandize_v business_n i_o humble_o crave_v pardon_n if_o i_o be_v bold_a for_o the_o help_n of_o all_o man_n understanding_n herein_o to_o explain_v these_o word_n in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o of_o balance_n all_o man_n do_v know_v what_o it_o mean_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v at_o home_o but_o the_o word_n trade_n put_v thereto_o be_v obscure_a till_o it_o be_v open_v balance_n of_o trade_n then_o be_v the_o computation_n or_o take_v the_o account_n or_o valuation_n of_o all_o the_o merchandise_n export_v or_o import_v into_o this_o kingdom_n every_o year_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o may_v tell_v we_o whether_o we_o get_v or_o lose_v or_o what_o loss_n or_o gain_n come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n commerce_n that_o year_n the_o balance_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o we_o import_v more_o than_o we_o export_v then_o that_o which_o do_v want_n of_o make_v the_o balance_n equal_a must_v be_v fulfil_v with_o our_o kingdom_n stock_n or_o store_n of_o money_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n will_v eat_v up_o or_o consume_v to_o a_o small_a portion_n our_o money_n that_o shall_v beat_v or_o maintain_v our_o home-commerce_n and_o market_n per_fw-la consequence_n lessen_v the_o price_n of_o our_o wool_n corn_n land_n and_o what_o not_o for_o this_o be_v infallible_o true_a in_o common_a sense_n that_o where_o much_o money_n be_v there_o the_o price_n be_v great_a and_o where_o little_a money_n be_v there_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v less_o and_o go_v low_a hence_o it_o be_v and_o will_v be_v say_v this_o proverb_n regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la donat_fw-la for_o money_n will_v bear_v rule_n in_o price_n in_o despite_n of_o all_o man_n that_o say_v no_o but_o i_o do_v conjecture_v as_o some_o have_v say_v to_o myself_o some_o in_o this_o assembly_n will_v say_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o all_o good_n or_o merchandise_n go_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n and_o come_n in_o shall_v be_v account_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o to_o some_o wise_a man_n do_v seem_v impossible_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n that_o the_o valuation_n or_o rate_n or_o price_n of_o all_o good_n go_v out_o and_o into_o this_o realm_n have_v be_v put_v into_o book_n due_o keep_v in_o every_o port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o once_o a_o year_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n all_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n office_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o to_o be_v collect_v and_o make_v up_o into_o one_o gross_a sum_n of_o all_o out_o bind_v and_o another_o gross_a sum_n of_o all_o in_o bind_v good_n whereby_o the_o king_n may_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n see_v the_o face_n of_o his_o common_a weal_n whether_o it_o grow_v fat_a or_o lean_a and_o this_o under_o favourable_a correction_n be_v it_o speak_v be_v one_o among_o other_o cause_n wherefore_o custom_n of_o old_a be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o common_a reason_n or_o law_n for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n that_o attend_v this_o care_n in_o every_o port_n and_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o his_o time_n it_o be_v call_v the_o old_a custom_n before_o all_o memory_n of_o record_n this_o may_v suffice_v in_o brevity_n for_o the_o word_n balance_n of_o trade_n second_o the_o word_n exchange_n all_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o change_n marchandize_v exchange_n be_v know_v only_o to_o merchant_n and_o those_o that_o in_o foreign_a travel_n have_v use_v it_o and_o few_o of_o either_o sort_n do_v know_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o equal_a exchange_n of_o coin_n between_o foreigner_n and_o we_o exchange_n of_o merchant_n be_v first_o invent_v for_o save_v of_o portage_n and_o keep_n of_o money_n at_o home_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o hazard_n that_o may_v befall_v in_o carry_v of_o treasure_n as_o luggage_n from_o kingdom_n to_o kingdom_n which_o otherwise_o upon_o every_o several_a contract_n make_v to_o be_v pay_v forrain_o will_v be_v export_v and_o every_o traveller_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v carry_v his_o expend_v money_n with_o he_o but_o now_o if_o by_o equal_a or_o disadvantageous_a exchange_n a_o man_n deliver_v a_o hundred_o pound_n here_o to_o be_v pay_v so_o much_o like_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n again_o there_o beyond_o sea_n this_o both_o keep_v the_o money_n at_o home_n but_o if_o by_o unequal_a exchange_n a_o gain_n may_v be_v have_v by_o overvalue_v of_o our_o money_n beyond_o sea_n as_o now_o they_o be_v overvalue_v especial_o in_o france_n not_o only_o a_o merchant_n make_v contract_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o a_o traveller_n not_o know_v the_o mystery_n shall_v lose_v ten_o or_o more_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o merchant_n observer_n of_o the_o mystery_n for_o the_o gain_n have_v thereby_o export_v the_o money_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la but_o more_o especial_o gold_n when_o visible_o without_o change_n of_o species_n he_o may_v retain_v ten_o of_o those_o piece_n and_o more_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o there_o with_o ninety_o piece_n pay_v the_o hundred_o piece_n receive_v here_o and_o this_o be_v the_o overt_a or_o open_a fallacy_n now_o too_o frequent_o in_o france_n practise_v upon_o or_o by_o the_o denomination_n of_o that_o coin_n but_o there_o be_v another_o more_o secret_a which_o be_v practise_v by_o exchanger_n to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o coin_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o prince_n coin_n be_v not_o alike_o for_o some_o have_v more_o ailay_v or_o copper_n mix_v with_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n which_o be_v a_o long_a discourse_n to_o enter_v into_o and_o upon_o agitation_n of_o this_o business_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v open_v sufficient_o there_o be_v only_o two_o chief_a way_n of_o deceit_n denomination_n or_o open_a deceit_n the_o second_o intrinsicke_a or_o inward_a value_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o copper_n more_o or_o less_o put_v into_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n it_o be_v not_o unknown_a that_o there_o be_v other_o great_a cause_n which_o do_v hinder_v our_o prize_n and_o procure_v damage_n to_o our_o home_n commodity_n namely_o exportation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n diversion_n of_o bullion_n and_o home-consumption_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n enhance_n of_o our_o money_n gold_n and_o silver_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o especial_o in_o france_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o homebred_a monopolian_n practice_n all_o which_o will_v fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o two_o first_o cause_n above_o say_a whereupon_o my_o humble_a request_n be_v you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o cause_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v true_o cast_v up_o and_o present_v unto_o you_o with_o all_o speed_n as_o also_o to_o take_v notice_n how_o
the_o exchange_n go_v between_o we_o and_o foreign_a merchant_n and_o if_o both_o be_v find_v prejudicial_a to_o set_v such_o convenient_a remedy_n as_o have_v be_v former_o in_o ancient_a time_n use_v or_o by_o your_o grave_a wisdom_n be_v find_v more_o agreeable_a to_o these_o modern_a time_n and_o he_o shall_v ever_o rest_v a_o devote_a servant_n unto_o our_o king_n and_o country_n with_o his_o hearty_a prayer_n for_o prosperity_n of_o both_o r._n m._n dread_a sovereign_n and_o right_o honourable_a lord_n with_o the_o honourable_a house_n of_o commons_o for_o unto_o you_o all_o i_o humble_o present_v these_o my_o labour_n for_o that_o it_o do_v concern_v every_o one_o from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o beggar_n expect_v neither_o profit_n nor_o praise_n for_o the_o same_o ministerium_fw-la oblatum_fw-la ne_fw-la sordescat_fw-la my_o single_a duty_n bind_v i_o as_o a_o member_n in_o a_o ship_n in_o time_n of_o distress_n to_o put_v to_o my_o hand_n to_o work_v in_o the_o same_o one_o 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penny_n weight_n a_o penny_n weight_n contain_v twenty_o four_o grain_n of_o wheat_n take_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o wheat_n ear_n et_fw-la e_fw-la conuerso_fw-la 24._o grain_n take_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o wheat_n ear_n do_v make_v a_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n do_v make_v a_o ounce_n and_o twelve_o ounce_n do_v make_v a_o pound_n troy_n where_o note_n that_o a_o pound_n taile_n be_v but_o four_o ounce_n which_o before_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o pound_n troy_n he_o then_o do_v raise_v it_o by_o prerogative_n to_o 30._o penny_n the_o ounce_n which_o cause_v the_o price_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o pass_v at_o that_o price_n in_o currant_n payment_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n to_o pass_v at_o 30_n which_o before_o be_v but_o 20s_o thus_o by_o divide_v the_o ounce_n troy_n into_o so_o many_o more_o piece_n he_o lose_v so_o much_o in_o his_o revenue_n custom_n and_o other_o duty_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o he_o have_v multiply_v the_o penny_n in_o number_n and_o this_o be_v call_v raise_v the_o coin_n in_o denomination_n and_o in_o success_n of_o time_n between_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o his_o time_n the_o ounce_n be_v raise_v to_o sixty_o penny_n and_o so_o it_o remain_v ever_o since_o constant_a notwithstanding_o the_o raise_n of_o it_o in_o foreign_a part_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n of_o our_o former_a raise_n that_o raise_v of_o the_o ounce_n weight_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a remedy_n to_o keep_v the_o money_n at_o home_n and_o stand_v no_o long_o than_o they_o raise_v again_o beyond_o sea_n this_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o weight_n of_o silver_n consist_v now_o of_o sixty_o penny_n the_o ounce_n twelve_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o gold_n pound_n be_v the_o same_o in_o weight_n with_o the_o silver_n be_v otherwise_o compose_v in_o other_o term_n as_o thus_o the_o gold_n cast_v away_o the_o name_n of_o penny_n weight_n thus_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o troy_n of_o pure_a gold_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 24._o carrat_n and_o every_o carrot_n contain_v four_o grain_n two_o carrat_n and_o a_o ounce_n be_v one_o weight_n a_o grain_n and_o half_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n be_v one_o weight_n next_o follow_v in_o order_n to_o know_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o mixture_n or_o fineness_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o first_o of_o silver_n because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a market_n man_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o money_n be_v make_v of_o pure_a silver_n in_o no_o mint_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o its_o pureness_n and_o purity_n the_o silver_n be_v as_o flexible_a as_o lead_v almost_o and_o therefore_o not_o so_o useful_a in_o its_o purity_n as_o when_o it_o be_v something_o harden_v with_o copper_n even_o so_o it_o be_v with_o gold_n there_o be_v no_o pure_a gold_n mint_v in_o any_o place_n i_o know_v of_o but_o have_v some_o alloy_n or_o copper_n and_o if_o it_o have_v be_v heretofore_o it_o be_v so_o ancient_a that_o no_o memory_n thereof_o remain_v to_o we_o and_o if_o it_o be_v at_o any_o time_n do_v so_o the_o alteration_n begin_v with_o some_o prince_n that_o mean_v and_o do_v deceive_v other_o with_o so_o do_v for_o it_o be_v a_o powerful_a mean_n to_o fetch_v his_o neighbour_n coin_n from_o they_o to_o be_v mint_v in_o his_o mint_n which_o be_v perceive_v his_o neighbour_n do_v mix_v their_o coin_n also_o think_v thereby_o to_o fetch_v they_o home_o again_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n it_o go_v away_o but_o as_o it_o be_v before_o say_v of_o denomination_n so_o then_o and_o now_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o embase_v the_o coin_n as_o it_o be_v or_o be_v in_o denomination_n but_o a_o temporary_a remedy_n and_o to_o no_o purpose_n but_o hurt_v as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o raise_v the_o coin_n by_o denomination_n or_o debase_v of_o it_o by_o alloy_n or_o copper_n which_o be_v all_o one_o in_o effect_n and_o work_v alike_o so_o than_o you_o have_v the_o weight_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o your_o understanding_n and_o memory_n it_o remain_v to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o almost_o all_o prince_n coin_n do_v differ_v in_o fineness_n or_o mixture_n few_o do_v agree_v just_a together_o insomuch_o as_o spain_n have_v four_o mint_n or_o more_o under_o his_o command_n two_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n mexico_n and_o peru_n and_o two_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o spain_n lisbon_n and_o sivile_n yet_o all_o four_o differ_v in_o fineness_n one_o from_o the_o other_o something_o for_o which_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v give_v in_o its_o proper_a time_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n in_o fineness_n in_o other_o prince_n coin_n as_o between_o we_o and_o france_n and_o the_o low-countries_n arch-duchess_n and_o unite_a province_n lubeck_n hamborough_n stoad_n and_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o germany_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n of_o difference_n we_o consist_v of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a france_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n fine_a low-countries_n of_o ten_o ounce_n and_o some_o of_o nine_o ounces-fine_a in_o the_o pound_n troy_n it_o behoove_v we_o who_o have_v the_o fine_a standard_n or_o mixture_n of_o silver_n in_o our_o money_n to_o beware_v that_o our_o fine_a money_n be_v not_o draw_v out_o from_o we_o to_o maintain_v the_o base_a mint_n for_o if_o denomination_n have_v a_o power_n to_o work_v that_o effect_n much_o more_o have_v embase_v of_o coin_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o perceive_v as_o the_o other_o and_o to_o watch_v over_o they_o in_o all_o place_n lest_o
we_o be_v deceive_v by_o any_o of_o they_o but_o some_o will_v say_v what_o need_v we_o be_v put_v to_o trouble_v to_o watch_v other_o can_v we_o more_o easy_o do_v as_o other_o do_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v if_o there_o be_v no_o harm_n in_o so_o do_v at_o home_n yet_o to_o alter_v with_o they_o that_o alter_v or_o may_v alter_v require_v a_o continual_a watch_n over_o all_o other_o with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n or_o else_o how_o shall_v we_o know_v when_o they_o alter_v or_o know_v what_o mint_n it_o be_v that_o draw_v our_o money_n from_o we_o and_o if_o we_o shall_v alter_v our_o mint_n as_o often_o as_o other_o may_v alter_v we_o shall_v ever_o be_v alter_v and_o have_v no_o rest_n at_o home_n this_o perconsequence_n must_v needs_o bring_v a_o confusion_n in_o short_a time_n when_o once_o move_v our_o mint_n have_v make_v great_a alteration_n among_o we_o at_o home_n and_o will_v ever_o do_v so_o when_o we_o shall_v alter_v it_o be_v the_o great_a harm_n to_o king_n and_o subject_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v god_n willing_a hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o in_o or_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o and_o five_o we_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o all_o prince_n and_o neighbour-mynt_n there_o be_v a_o general_a consent_n among_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o make_v a_o treaty_n for_o the_o concord_n in_o mint_n affair_n to_o keep_v a_o parity_n in_o coin_n which_o treaty_n be_v frequent_a in_o elder_a time_n but_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o war_n near_o hand_n in_o france_n low_a country_n and_o germany_n be_v omit_v and_o in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o a_o treatise_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o arch-duchess_n of_o austria_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o half_a penny_n in_o a_o angel_n of_o gold_n which_o now_o be_v about_o three_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n tale_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o exhaust_v his_o treasure_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v suffer_v it_o then_o per_fw-la consequence_n what_o do_v they_o which_o at_o this_o time_n do_v raise_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o other_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v they_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n among_o prince_n to_o go_v about_o to_o draw_v away_o their_o neighbour_n coin_n by_o enhance_a by_o denomination_n or_o debase_v the_o fineness_n by_o alloy_n for_o all_o make_v one_o effect_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o what_o care_n they_o to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o purpose_v to_o have_v war_n then_o this_o be_v answer_v for_o that_o and_o must_v we_o then_o of_o consequence_n have_v our_o money_n exhaust_v as_o they_o be_v or_o make_v war_n and_o by_o the_o next_o consequence_n be_v undo_v be_v there_o none_o other_o remedy_n there_o be_v but_o i_o refer_v the_o 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our_o money_n which_o be_v the_o marchandize_a exchange_n nor_o yet_o the_o remedy_n therefore_o i_o pray_v you_o pause_v upon_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v a_o while_n unless_o you_o have_v be_v verse_v or_o do_v understand_v the_o mint_n business_n and_o compose_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o have_v be_v declare_v in_o some_o measure_n also_o take_v this_o with_o you_o for_o a_o principle_n money_n can_v neither_o be_v advance_v in_o denomination_n nor_o a_o pound_n troy_n or_o a_o ounce_n be_v make_v into_o more_o piece_n of_o silver_n nor_o debase_v by_o put_v in_o more_o copper_n or_o alloy_n without_o general_a detryment_n to_o the_o respublike_n a_o perilous_a thing_n to_o deal_v withal_o without_o doubt_n and_o most_o especial_o in_o land_n common_a weal_n and_o wherefore_o more_o in_o land_n commonwealth_n then_o in_o maritime_a and_o marchandize_v common_a weal_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o or_o you_o will_v not_o believe_v maritime_a and_o merchant_n can_v immediate_o change_v with_o the_o changer_n without_o detriment_n the_o merchant_n can_v immediate_o set_v a_o price_n of_o his_o merchandise_n according_a to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o money_n and_o the_o artificer_n and_o labourer_n set_v a_o price_n according_o to_o his_o labour_n or_o hire_v which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o terraine_a state_n more_o especial_o in_o our_o kingdom_n which_o i_o forbear_v for_o the_o present_a till_o i_o show_v the_o inconvenience_n or_o mischief_n that_o will_v follow_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o mint_n and_o will_v be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o undertake_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o for_o that_o i_o have_v already_o name_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n to_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o exhaust_v our_o money_n in_o general_a thus_o it_o be_v merchant_n exchange_n be_v first_o invent_v for_o the_o save_n of_o portage_n and_o keep_v of_o money_n at_o home_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o hazard_n that_o may_v befall_v in_o carry_v of_o treasure_n as_o 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