denier_n and_o liver_n of_o picoly_a as_o in_o florence_n and_o their_o money_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o it_o have_v former_o be_v a_o city_n of_o considerable_a trade_n but_o now_o of_o little_a note_n the_o weight_n be_v two_o the_o one_o the_o balance_n weight_n by_o which_o all_o good_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v the_o other_o the_o weight_n by_o which_o merchant_n pay_v their_o custom_n between_o which_o there_o be_v observe_v 12_o per_fw-la cent_n difference_n the_o balance_n weight_n the_o pound_n contain_v 12_o ounce_n the_o 100_o thereof_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v of_o lion_n weight_n 72_o ½_o and_o the_o customer_n weight_n 81_o ½_o the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n which_o be_v 23_o english_a inch_n 100_o brace_n of_o this_o place_n be_v find_v to_o make_v 50_o english_a ells._n as_o for_o liquid_a or_o concave_a measure_n they_o use_v not_o any_o in_o way_n of_o merchandise_n therefore_o i_o shall_v pass_v they_o over_o chap._n lxxvii_o a_o view_n of_o the_o papacy_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o papacy_n contain_v several_a stately_a city_n but_o none_o of_o any_o considerable_a trade_n as_o for_o merchandise_n therefore_o i_o shall_v sum_v up_o all_o in_o describe_v the_o trade_n of_o rome_n once_o the_o mistress_n of_o the_o world_n but_o now_o her_o splendour_n be_v much_o abate_v rome_n be_v situate_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o tiber_n adorn_v with_o 750_o tower_n place_v on_o her_o wall_n and_o be_v account_v to_o contain_v 466000_o family_n and_o in_o it_o be_v find_v these_o merchandise_n viz._n corn_n oil_n wine_n glove_n alum_n lutestring_n kid-skin_n and_o curious_a fabric_n of_o silk_n for_o which_o they_o receive_v from_o england_n lead_v tinn_n bays_n sesse_n stuff_n pilchard_n herring_n newland_n fish_n calves-skin_n salt_n salmon_n tallow_n wax_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n land_a at_o civitaveccia_n and_o from_o thence_o carry_v up_o the_o river_n tiber_n in_o boat_n to_o rome_n the_o coin_n here_o and_o through_o the_o papacy_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v currant_n in_o most_o part_n of_o italy_n the_o pope_n have_v so_o ordain_v that_o his_o income_n may_v be_v the_o more_o the_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o crown_n julios_fw-la or_o paulos_n baiochos_n and_o quatrin_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o quintal_n or_o 100_o pound_n which_o make_v 80_o pound_n english_a though_o sometime_o they_o weigh_v by_o a_o quintal_n of_o 160_o pound_n and_o 150_o pound_n according_a to_o the_o fineness_n or_o grossness_n of_o the_o commodity_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v 2_o one_o for_o linen_n and_o the_o other_o for_o woollen_a the_o one_o a_o brace_n and_o the_o other_o the_o cane_n 30_o cane_n make_v 100_o brace_n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o rugio_n which_o be_v 7_o 18_o i_o of_o genoa_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o rome_n and_o indeed_o for_o all_o italy_n from_o whence_o i_o must_v pass_v into_o flanders_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n lxxviii_o a_o view_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o flanders_n and_o holland_n of_o the_o weight_n measure_n coin_n custom_n commodity_n and_o traffic_n of_o they_o reduce_v into_o the_o view_n of_o antwerp_n and_o amsterdam_n though_o flanders_n and_o the_o netherlands_o be_v divide_v into_o 17_o province_n viz._n 4_o dukedom_n as_o limburg_n luxemburg_n gelderland_n and_o brabant_n 1_o marquisat_fw-la 7_o ealrdom_n as_o artois_n flanders_n hanault_n nemur_n zutphen_n holland_n and_o zealand_n 5_o borrony_n as_o westfriezland_n vtretch_v overysel_n machlin_n and_o grove_v yet_o the_o trade_n of_o all_o these_o may_v convenient_o be_v reduce_v into_o what_o be_v find_v in_o antwerp_n and_o amsterdam_n the_o one_o famous_a for_o have_v former_o be_v the_o chief_a scale_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o present_a commerce_n hold_v there_o of_o these_o in_o order_n antwerp_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o river_n scheld_v that_o river_n send_v forth_o eight_o channel_n to_o water_n the_o city_n by_o run_v through_o her_o street_n and_o have_v be_v former_o account_v a_o great_a scale_n of_o trade_n insomuch_o that_o all_o european_a merchant_n bring_v their_o commodity_n thither_o to_o vend_n the_o acquirement_n of_o which_o trade_n be_v principal_o by_o the_o mean_n follow_v first_o by_o reason_n of_o 2_o free_a mart_n yearly_o hold_v for_o 45_o day_n in_o which_o no_o person_n trading_n there_o can_v be_v arrest_v in_o his_o good_n or_o person_n for_o debt_n or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n the_o portugal_n discover_v the_o east_n india_n anno_fw-la 1500._o divert_a the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o lisbon_n and_o so_o keep_v a_o factory_a at_o antwerp_n and_o expose_v to_o sail_v all_o indian_a commodity_n which_o draw_v most_o of_o the_o trade_n nation_n of_o europe_n to_o trade_n thither_o exhaust_v the_o trade_n of_o bruges_n where_o the_o english_a merchant_n adventurer_n before_o reside_v the_o three_o and_o last_o cause_n be_v the_o war_n between_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a which_o oblige_v the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n for_o safety_n to_o remove_v their_o family_n thither_o who_o afterward_o be_v take_v with_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o place_n will_v not_o remove_v but_o build_v they_o stately_a house_n and_o make_v that_o city_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o city_n of_o antwerp_n be_v the_o war_n with_o spain_n in_o which_o merchant_n be_v pillage_v their_o ship_n take_v etc._n etc._n the_o abridgement_n of_o privilege_n and_o the_o trade_n which_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a find_v in_o the_o east-indies_n bring_v home_n in_o their_o own_o bottom_n what_o before_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o portugal_n for_o but_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o pretty_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o the_o city_n most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n bring_v in_o their_o growth_n and_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n find_v in_o antwerp_n be_v wine_n silk_n arras-hanging_n spice_n drug_n fruit_n store_n of_o corn_n woollen_a cloth_n some_o oil_n and_o the_o like_a bring_v out_o of_o its_o neighbourhood_n and_o the_o adjacent_a province_n the_o account_n of_o antwerp_n be_v keep_v in_o liver_n sold_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o reckon_v pound_n shilling_n penny_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sold_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n though_o worth_a no_o more_o than_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o as_o they_o compute_v it_o 240_o gross_v 12_o gross_v be_v a_o sold_n and_o according_a to_o these_o value_v on_o coin_n they_o make_v their_o exchange_n the_o other_o currant_n coin_n be_v doit_n 4_o of_o which_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o 10_o stivers_n make_v 1_o shilling_n sterling_n 2_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a 6_o stivers_n make_v the_o flemish_a shilling_n 28_o stivers_n make_v a_o guilder_n which_o be_v 3_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n so_o that_o 100_o pound_n flemish_n be_v find_v to_o make_v but_o 50_o pound_n english_a etc._n etc._n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v their_o quintar_n and_o the_o quintar_n find_v to_o be_v 104_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o from_o this_o allowance_n or_o over_o weight_n many_o imagine_v that_o the_o tret_n of_o london_n have_v its_o original_a the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o ell_n 100_o of_o which_o be_v find_v to_o make_v 60_o london_n ell_n in_o the_o measure_n of_o linen_n cloth_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o ell_n for_o measure_v of_o silk_n which_o be_v 1_o ½_o in_o the_o 100_o less_o than_o the_o cloth_n ell._n beer_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n which_o in_o brabant_n and_o flanders_n be_v account_v 54_o stop_v each_o stop_v be_v 2_o quart_n english_a their_o corn_n they_o sell_v by_o the_o vertules_a 23_o ½_o of_o which_o be_v a_o last_o of_o amsterdam_n and_o 10_o ¼_n quarter_n london_n measure_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stop_n and_o the_o butt_n 1_o be_o make_v 50_o stop_v and_o one_o stop_v 6_o pound_n so_o that_o the_o butt_n be_v 300_o stop_v or_o 6_o aim_n the_o wine_n stop_v be_v account_v 3_o ⅓_n quart_n of_o london_n wine_n measure_n the_o exchange_n be_v very_o great_a by_o reason_n most_o of_o the_o bill_n of_o spain_n be_v draw_v upon_o the_o merchant_n and_o trader_n of_o antwerp_n for_o the_o disbursement_n of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n keep_v on_o foot_n in_o the_o province_n chap._n lxxix_o a_o view_n of_o the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o of_o the_o trade_n coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n thereof_o amsterdam_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n and_o seat_v on_o the_o
of_o sixteen_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n and_o be_v call_v garbel_n by_o reason_n a_o draught_n or_o waste_v be_v allow_v to_o every_o weigh_v seven_o pound_n of_o this_o weight_n be_v account_v to_o weigh_v a_o gallon_n of_o wheat_n and_o so_o multiply_v to_o fifty_o six_o pound_n the_o bushel_n seven_o pound_n averdupois_n be_v one_o hundred_o and_o two_o ounce_n of_o troy_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v account_v that_o a_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n must_v weigh_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o pound_n and_o a_o quarter_n four_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o so_o consequent_o fourteen_o pound_n averdupois_n be_v sixteen_o pound_n eleven_o ounce_n troy_n and_o as_o one_o penny_n sterling_n be_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n troy_n so_o seven_o pound_n twelve_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v eighty_o four_o ounce_n a_o half_a and_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o troy_n and_o six_o pound_n eight_o shilling_n sterling_a be_v eighty_o two_o pound_n ¾_n ounce_n and_o one_o penny_n weight_n and_o from_o these_o two_o be_v the_o weight_n of_o household_n wheaten_n and_o white_a bread_n calculate_v the_o weigh_v of_o cheese_n be_v by_o averdupois_n and_o run_v thus_o the_o weigh_v of_o cheese_n one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o the_o two_o hundred_o contain_v two_o hundred_o twenty_o four_o pound_n consist_v of_o thirty_o four_o clove_n every_o clove_n be_v seven_o pound_n the_o weigh_v of_o suffolk_n cheese_n be_v two_o hundred_o fifty_o six_o and_o the_o weigh_v of_o essex_n cheese_n three_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o pound_n averdupois_n a_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v account_v three_o hundred_o fifty_o four_o pound_n averdupois_n two_o weigh_v of_o wool_n make_v a_o sack_n and_o two_o sack_n a_o last_o the_o last_o of_o herring_n be_v ten_o thousand_o every_o one_o thousand_o to_o contain_v ten_o hundred_o and_o every_o hundred_o sixscore_o that_o be_v before_o they_o be_v barrel_v lead_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o fodder_n contain_v nineteen_o hundred_o and_o ½_o at_o one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_n averdupois_n this_o weight_n likewise_o of_o sixteen_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n be_v make_v three_o several_a quintars_n for_n weigh_v several_a sort_n of_o merchandise_n the_o first_o be_v of_o fivescore_o pound_n just_a to_o the_o hundred_o and_o call_v one_o hundred_o sutle_n whereby_o fine_a commodity_n as_o spice_n drug_n and_o the_o like_a be_v sell_v which_o be_v account_v by_o the_o pound_n and_o to_o which_o over_o and_o above_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o seller_n four_o pound_n upon_o one_o hundred_o and_o four_o pound_n take_v from_o the_o overplus_n derive_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o antwerp_n for_o spice_n and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o tret_n the_o second_o of_o the_o quintars_n be_v one_o hundred_v and_o twelve_o viz_o fivescore_o and_o twelve_o to_o the_o hundred_o by_o which_o all_o gross_a commodity_n be_v weigh_v the_o three_o be_v sixscore_a to_o the_o hundred_o by_o which_o tinn_n be_v weigh_v to_o his_o majesty_n farmer_n and_o some_o other_o few_o commodity_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o stannery_n hundred_o from_o this_o averdupois_n weight_n by_o division_n the_o weight_n call_v the_o stone_n which_o be_v twofold_a the_o long_a and_o the_o short_a the_o long_o be_v account_v four_o pound_n averdupois_n and_o the_o short_a eight_o but_o in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n for_o it_o differ_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o county_n and_o market_n there_o be_v a_o other_o thing_n in_o use_n call_v a_o tod_n some_o place_n seven_o pound_n other_o eight_z and_o some_o again_o ten_o be_v altogether_o variable_a they_o have_v likewise_o a_o clove_n of_o twenty_o pound_n twenty_o eight_o pound_n thirty_o two_o pound_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v likewise_o in_o most_o market_n for_o weigh_v of_o flesh_n stillyards_n use_v but_o without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o buyer_n they_o be_v unintelligible_a to_o many_o and_o oftentimes_o false_a first_o invent_v for_o the_o weigh_v hay_n and_o straw_n for_o which_o use_v indeed_o they_o be_v only_o proper_a averdupois_n consist_v of_o sixteen_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n consist_v of_o eight_o dram_fw-la and_o every_o dram_n of_o sixty_o grain_n so_o that_o by_o it_o the_o raw-silk_n of_o persia_n and_o turkey_n be_v sell_v but_o then_o twenty_o four_o ounce_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o pound_n or_o a_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v distinguish_v these_o weight_n which_o be_v of_o such_o use_n in_o this_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o that_o i_o show_v you_o what_o accord_n the_o one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o pound_n suttle_n have_v with_o other_o nation_n and_o place_n of_o traffic_n as_o for_o the_o equality_n of_o weight_n though_o they_o differ_v in_o number_n in_o europe_n it_o agree_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o mersella_n the_o venetia_n sotile_n the_o venetia_n gross_n sicilia_n lisbon_n florence_n anvers_n lion_n sevil_n dantzick_n bruges_n in_o africa_n and_o asia_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o aleppo_n aleppo_n tripoli_n syria_n tripoli_n barbaria_n alexandrio-zera_n alexandria_n forfar_n forfar_n scio_fw-la constantinople_n rhodes_n acria_n babylon_n balsola_n and_o ormus_n and_o thus_o you_o see_v reader_n the_o industry_n and_o improvement_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n which_o now_o i_o must_v leave_v and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o scotland_n chap._n viii_o a_o view_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o general_n together_o with_o the_o coin_n custom_n and_o increase_v of_o that_o ancient_a kingdom_n scotland_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o continue_v a_o distinct_a kingdom_n for_o so_o many_o hundred_o year_n even_o till_o the_o happy_a union_n by_o king_n james_n and_o indeed_o do_v yet_o in_o most_o thing_n unless_o the_o prerogative_n royal_a be_v think_v worthy_a to_o be_v treat_v of_o separate_o though_o indeed_o the_o north_n part_n of_o britain_n and_o only_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n salway_n and_o the_o cheviot-hill_n it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v edenburg_n which_o contain_v the_o king_n palace_n the_o court_n of_o justice_n &_o consist_v of_o one_o great_a street_n of_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n into_o which_o all_o the_o petty_a street_n and_o lane_n open_a the_o next_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n be_v glasgow_n the_o see_v of_o a_o archbishop_n and_o a_o university_n st._n andrews_n sterling_n perth_n aberdeen_n dondes_n st._n john_n town_n etc._n etc._n the_o currant_n money_n consist_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o be_v as_o follow_v piece_n of_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a piece_n of_o eleven_o shilling_n sterling_a piece_n of_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n sterling_a piece_n of_o two_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n sterling_a piece_n of_o four_o shilling_n four_o penny_n â…œ_n sterling_n piece_n of_o one_o shilling_n one_o half_a penny_n sterling_n piece_n of_o nine_o shilling_n six_o penny_n be_v â…”_n of_o the_o thirteen_o penny_n half_a penny_n one_o mark_n piece_n of_o four_o penny_n half_a penny_n sterling_n but_o note_v that_o thirteen_o penny_n half_a penny_n sterling_n be_v account_v a_o scotch_a mark_n or_o thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n scotch_a sixpence_n three-farthing_n a_o scotch_a noble_a account_v six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n twenty_o penny_n sterling_a be_v account_v a_o mark_n and_o a_o half_a scotch_a or_o one_o pound_n scotch_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v eighteen_o scotch_a mark_n so_o that_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o their_o money_n hear_v they_o discourse_n about_o it_o think_v they_o far_o rich_a than_o they_o be_v they_o have_v other_o piece_n of_o copper_n money_n of_o small_a value_n as_o babaes_n bodles_n hard_a head_n and_o the_o like_a but_o indeed_o they_o have_v principal_o the_o money_n of_o england_n which_o be_v currant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o of_o late_o have_v abound_v in_o silver_n the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n be_v cloth_n freeze_v fish_n hides_n salt_n lead_v over_o tallow_n grain_n of_o all_o sort_n feather_n iron_n alum_n seacole_n common_o call_v scotch-coal_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n viz._n the_o highland_n and_o lowland_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o sherifdom_n and_o fife_n they_o have_v a_o exchange_n in_o imitation_n of_o â—urs_n at_o london_n but_o especial_o use_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n with_o england_n the_o keep_n of_o their_o account_n divers_a way_n some_o keep_v they_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o england_n other_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a use_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o mark_n valuable_a as_o aforesaid_a their_o weight_n for_o weigh_v merchandise_n be_v but_o one_o and_o with_o that_o they_o buy_v and_o sell_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n it_o contain_v sixteen_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n and_o one_o hundred_o of_o those_o pound_n make_v their_o quintal_n which_o in_o england_n be_v one_o
be_v a_o inch_n allowance_n to_o every_o yard_n and_o by_o these_o they_o measure_v silk_n woollen_a cloth_n and_o stuff_n the_o dry_a measure_n be_v a_o tarry_v which_o be_v well_o heap_v make_v 5_o gallon_n english_a and_o by_o this_o they_o measure_v salt_n corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n they_o make_v their_o account_n in_o double_v asper_n osians_n and_o sultany_n their_o custom_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o so_o in_o all_o other_o case_n as_o at_o tunis_n when_o any_o ship_n enter_v and_o cast_v anchor_n her_o sail_n or_o rudder_n be_v demand_v to_o prevent_v the_o pass_n off_o without_o pay_v such_o custom_n and_o then_o not_o to_o sail_v without_o leave_n from_o the_o duan_n which_o be_v the_o bashaw_n and_o his_o assembly_n who_o regulate_v all_o affair_n which_o be_v usual_o these_o to_o the_o kiffa_n 28_o double_v to_o his_o chiouse_a 4_o double_v to_o his_o almia_fw-la 8_o double_v to_o the_o bashaw_n sorman_n 2_o double_v to_o the_o draggerman_n 8_o double_v to_o the_o sackagy_a 8_o double_v and_o for_o the_o consul_n duty_n 24_o double_v the_o piratical_a trade_n be_v thus_o 2_o or_o more_o set_v out_o a_o vessel_n of_o prizage_n or_o free_a booty_n to_o prey_n upon_o merchant_n ship_n the_o which_o when_o they_o have_v take_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o port_n the_o owner_n divide_v the_o spoil_n by_o lot_n make_v the_o partition_n or_o dividend_n as_o even_o as_o possible_a as_o for_o the_o captive_n they_o do_v the_o like_a and_o if_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o odd_a man_n they_o either_o cast_v lot_n for_o he_o or_o sell_v he_o in_o the_o market_n and_o divide_v the_o money_n the_o manner_n of_o sell_v of_o they_o be_v to_o carry_v they_o into_o the_o market_n and_o place_v they_o in_o stall_n like_o beast_n where_o the_o buyer_n view_n and_o handle_v they_o but_o especial_o their_o hand_n by_o which_o he_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o they_o have_v be_v enure_v to_o labour_n or_o not_o as_o likewise_o in_o their_o mouth_n to_o see_v if_o they_o have_v good_a tooth_n to_o bite_v biscuit_n as_o hard_o as_o deal_v board_n and_o according_a to_o their_o youth_n healthy_a complexion_n and_o ability_n of_o body_n they_o go_v off_o to_o the_o buyer_n he_o be_v ever_o after_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o patron_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o this_o piratical_a government_n too_o well_o know_v to_o merchant_n and_o sailor_n who_o trade_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a chap._n xx._n a_o view_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fess_n and_o of_o the_o trade_n custom_n weight_n measure_n and_o currant_n coin_n thereof_o this_o kingdom_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o metropolitan_a city_n viz._n the_o city_n fess_n be_v the_o goodly_a city_n in_o barbary_n adorn_v with_o 700._o mosch_n or_o temple_n of_o which_o 50_o be_v beautify_v with_o pillar_n jasper_n and_o alabaster_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o call_v carucen_n and_o seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n contain_v a_o mile_n in_o compass_n consist_v of_o 190_o arch_n and_o be_v bear_v up_o by_o 2500_o marble_n pillar_n hang_v all_o about_o with_o silver_n lamp_n and_o have_v 31_o gate_n and_o all_o thing_n else_o porportionable_a and_o the_o city_n compute_v to_o contain_v 8600_o family_n the_o commodity_n in_o general_n be_v date_n almond_n fig_n rasin_n honey_n olive_n wax_v gold_n hides_n fur_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o cordivant_n skin_n cotton_n and_o wool_n very_o fine_a which_o be_v disperse_v into_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n and_o of_o late_a the_o inhabitant_n have_v find_v out_o the_o art_n of_o make_v cloth_n the_o principal_a money_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o xerif_n or_o gold_n ducat_n and_o account_v worth_n 10_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o be_v divide_v into_o 8_o equal_a part_n the_o weight_n be_v two_o one_o use_v for_o weigh_v gross_a commodity_n call_v the_o rotolos_n 64_o of_o which_o be_v compute_v to_o balance_n our_o 100_o averdupois_n and_o 100_o rottolos_n go_v to_o the_o cantar_n the_o other_o be_v the_o mittigal_a use_v in_o weigh_v gold_n pearl_n silver_n musk_n and_o the_o like_a and_o agree_v with_o those_o of_o tunis_n and_o argier_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v the_o cavado_n of_o which_o 12_o be_v account_v to_o a_o cane_n and_o 181_o or_o 182_o cavado_n to_o make_v 100_o yard_n english_a the_o custom_n be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent_n to_o all_o stranger_n but_o to_o the_o native_n 2_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o for_o what_o soever_o they_o hand_n they_o must_v pay_v whether_o sell_v or_o not_o which_o make_v merchant_n sell_v their_o ware_n on_o shipboard_n for_o the_o most_o part_n where_o custom_n be_v pay_v only_o for_o what_o be_v sell_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o fess_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n xxi_o a_o view_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n the_o trade_n currant_n coin_n weight_n measure_n and_o custom_n thereof_o this_o kingdom_n as_o the_o former_a take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o centre_n of_o its_o trade_n and_o be_v very_o beautiful_a though_o inferiors_n to_o fess_n in_o it_o be_v find_v a_o burse_n and_o exchange_n former_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n but_o now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v up_o by_o artisan_n the_o commodity_n vend_v there_o be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o fess_n except_o sugar_n in_o which_o it_o more_o abound_v the_o coin_n be_v the_o xerif_n and_o ducat_n of_o gold_n value_v as_o those_o of_o fess_n the_o weight_n be_v 2_o several_a quintal_n the_o one_o agree_v with_o the_o canter_n of_o feeze_v and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o quintal_n of_o sevil_n and_o indeed_o in_o all_o thing_n according_a with_o fess_n as_o be_v now_o reduce_v under_o one_o government_n their_o religion_n if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v term_v be_v mahumetism_n and_o of_o late_o they_o have_v not_o any_o considerable_a trade_n with_o the_o english_a merchant_n tho_o it_o be_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o league_n between_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o that_o emperor_n may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o revive_v it_o as_o likewise_o to_o enrich_v our_o garrison_n of_o tangier_n by_o render_v it_o a_o public_a mart_n it_o be_v the_o key_n of_o barbary_n chap._n xxii_o a_o view_n of_o numidia_n and_o lybia_n and_o their_o province_n with_o the_o trade_n currant_n coin_n manner_n and_o custom_n nvmidia_fw-la be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o egypt_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o lybia_n the_o country_n on_o the_o north_n part_n abound_v with_o plenty_n but_o the_o south_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n be_v most_o desert_n the_o inhabitant_n build_v but_o few_o house_n but_o in_o great_a company_n pass_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o live_v sometime_o in_o wood_n sometime_o in_o cave_n according_a as_o heat_n and_o cold_a affect_v they_o the_o chief_a trade_n be_v among_o themselves_o for_o date_n hide_n fur_n and_o fruit_n of_o all_o sort_n cattle_n they_o have_v but_o have_v not_o the_o art_n of_o improve_n they_o their_o coin_n be_v few_o but_o those_o they_o have_v be_v of_o brass_n and_o silver_n their_o weight_n and_o measure_n for_o the_o most_o part_n equallize_a those_o of_o fess_n and_o morocco_n though_o they_o be_v little_a in_o use_n few_o merchant_n trade_n with_o they_o lybia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o nilus_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n with_o negrita_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o numidia_n and_o be_v barren_a for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o reason_n the_o heat_n be_v excessive_a their_o trade_n coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n be_v not_o worth_a mention_v by_o reason_n their_o commerce_n be_v little_a no_o merchant_n care_v to_o deal_v with_o the_o native_n they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n savages_n chap._n ix_o a_o view_n of_o negrita_n or_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n with_o the_o trade_n currant_n coin_n weight_n measure_n and_o custom_n this_o province_n be_v inhabit_a with_o negro_n or_o blackamoor_n bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o ethiopia_n superior_a on_o the_o south_n with_o manicongo_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o lybia_n contain_v a_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n and_o be_v fertilize_v by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o river_n niger_n or_o sanaga_n and_o be_v under_o the_o regency_n of_o 3_o king_n who_o have_v of_o late_o make_v 3_o kingdom_n of_o 5_o as_o tombutue_n berneo_n and_o gouga_n each_o have_v many_o famous_a havens_n commodious_a for_o ship_n the_o city_n tombutue_n from_o whence_o that_o kingdom_n have_v its_o name_n be_v situate_a beyond_o the_o river_n niger_n and_o be_v trade_v to_o by_o the_o english_a french_a and_o dutch_a and_o within_o four_o mile_n of_o it_o be_v
barrel_n to_o weigh_v 120_o pound_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o orcio_n which_o be_v a_o barrel_n and_o account_v 85_o pound_n weight_n grain_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o moggio_n which_o be_v 24_o staios_n each_o staio_n account_v 5_o pound_n salt_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o staio_n of_o 72_o pound_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v suffice_v for_o florence_n chap._n lxx_o a_o view_n of_o milan_n of_o the_o trade_n weight_n measure_n coin_n custom_n and_o commodity_n thereof_o the_o city_n of_o milan_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n in_o all_o respect_n i_o shall_v only_o insist_v upon_o it_o then_o this_o city_n be_v the_o fair_a of_o lomberdy_n be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o furnish_v with_o all_o commodity_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o dukedom_n nay_o of_o all_o italy_n be_v now_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o spanish_a king_n the_o chief_a commodity_n be_v oil_n wine_n rice_n corn_n raw_a silk_n which_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o curious_a fabric_n chambet_n fustian_n gold_n thread_n and_o iron_n which_o be_v disperse_v over_o all_o italy_n savoy_n france_n flanders_n holland_n england_n etc._n etc._n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o denier_n solds_n and_o liver_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n pence_n shilling_n pound_n etc._n etc._n and_o their_o other_o currant_n coin_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v worth_a about_o 100_o sold_n of_o that_o money_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v worth_a 97_o sold_n the_o italian_a gold_n crown_n which_o be_v worth_a 5_o liver_n the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o 5_o liver_n and_o 18_o sold_n be_v worth_a 6_o liver_n imperial_a the_o ducat_n imperial_a be_v esteem_v worth_n 4_o liver_n the_o ducat_n of_o milan_n or_o imperial_a of_o 4_o liver_n be_v account_v in_o exchange_n 101_o sold_n the_o ducat_n and_o sometime_o in_o merchandise_n 110_o and_o in_o way_n of_o trade_n the_o coin_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n be_v here_o currant_n the_o weight_n use_v here_o be_v the_o pound_n 100_o of_o which_o make_v a_o quintal_n which_o be_v account_v 70_o pound_n english_a the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n one_o for_o cloth_n and_o the_o other_o for_o silk_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o the_o last_o contain_v 43_o ell_n of_o london_n the_o custom_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o other_o city_n of_o italy_n chap._n lxxi_o a_o view_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mantua_n and_o urbino_n and_o of_o their_o trade_n weight_n measure_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mantua_n the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o strong_a place_n on_o 3_o side_n environ_v with_o a_o wide_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v a_o stream_n or_o river_n into_o the_o famous_a river_n po_n and_o be_v surround_v with_o pleasant_a pasture_n and_o fruitful_a garden_n orchard_n and_o vineyard_n but_o the_o trade_n as_o to_o merchandise_n be_v inconsiderable_a for_o want_v of_o a_o harbour_n or_o haven_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o ship_n only_a here_o be_v find_v several_a fabric_n of_o silk_n as_o taffatas_fw-la satin_n etc._n etc._n also_o water_v chamblet_n the_o account_n be_v keep_v as_o in_o milan_n and_o their_o money_n much_o the_o same_o unless_o the_o ducatoon_n which_o be_v 115_o sold_n of_o milan_n the_o weight_n of_o mantua_n be_v the_o peso_fw-es which_o be_v 25_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n which_o be_v 100_o pound_n make_v english_a 71_o pound_n averdupois_n the_o city_n of_o urbin_n from_o which_o the_o dukedom_n take_v its_o name_n be_v seat_v under_o the_o apennine_n hill_n and_o have_v 2_o famous_a seaport_n viz._n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la where_o former_o our_o merchant_n hold_v considerable_a commerce_n but_o of_o late_o it_o be_v decay_v yet_o some_o trade_n be_v still_o hold_v there_o especial_o by_o such_o as_o go_v trading_n voyages_n who_o there_o find_v the_o growth_n of_o most_o part_n of_o italy_n for_o which_o they_o exchange_v cloth_n tinn_n spice_n and_o some_o drug_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o denier_n solds_n and_o liver_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o coin_n those_o for_o the_o most_o part_n currant_n throughout_o italy_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n 100_o of_o the_o former_a make_v the_o latter_a and_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 77_o pound_n of_o london_n averdupois_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n one_o for_o cloth_n and_o the_o other_o for_o silk_n 94_o of_o the_o former_a make_v 100_o of_o venice_n but_o the_o venice_n brace_n for_o silk_n render_v the_o urbin_n brace_n for_o silk_n 102_o or_o 103_o etc._n etc._n chap._n lxxii_o a_o view_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n and_o of_o the_o trade_n weight_n measure_n custom_n coin_n etc._n etc._n the_o city_n of_o venice_n give_v name_n to_o the_o territory_n and_o have_v be_v and_o yet_o be_v famous_a for_o trade_n by_o navigation_n be_v so_o commodious_o seat_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o ship_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o as_o thus_o it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n or_o venetian_a gulf_n upon_o 72_o island_n 5_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o main_a land_n and_o be_v defend_v against_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o bank_n of_o 20_o league_n through_o which_o be_v cut_v several_a passage_n for_o boat_n but_o no_o ship_n be_v capable_a of_o pass_v but_o at_o malamecco_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v guard_v with_o strong_a castle_n and_o at_o the_o castle_n of_o lio_o the_o sea_n run_v through_o most_o of_o the_o street_n so_o that_o the_o commerce_n be_v hold_v by_o boat_n and_o bridge_n 12000_o of_o the_o first_o and_o 4000_o of_o the_o last_o and_o as_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n they_o be_v natural_o addict_v to_o merchandise_n and_o once_o make_v their_o city_n the_o store-house_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o india_n persia_n arabia_n egypt_n and_o greece_n be_v both_o politic_a and_o powerful_a at_o sea_n so_o that_o for_o those_o commodity_n most_o european_a merchant_n trade_v thither_o as_o the_o principal_a mart_n of_o the_o world_n but_o of_o late_a the_o english_a dutch_a and_o portugal_n have_v find_v the_o way_n to_o purchase_v they_o at_o the_o first_o hand_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n much_o impair_v the_o traffic_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n yet_o still_o they_o have_v factory_n at_o aleppo_n constantinople_n and_o alexandria_n and_o trade_n in_o silk_n spice_n drug_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o chief_a commodity_n find_v here_o be_v clothes_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n wine_n oil_n woollen_a cloth_n paper_n anniseed_n agal_n looking-glass_n drinking-glass_n and_o quicksilver_n for_o which_o the_o english_a merchant_n trading_n thither_o exchange_n bays_n fur_n perpetuano_n lead_v tinn_n cloves_n nutmeg_n pepper_n ginger_n serges_n sesse_n woollen_a cloth_n herring_n pilchard_n salmond_n and_o newland_n fish_n indigo_n etc._n etc._n and_o serve_v for_o a_o mart_n to_o austria_n and_o upper_a germany_n the_o weight_n of_o venetia_n be_v 4_o the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v call_v the_o pound_n gross_n and_o 100_o pound_n with_o which_o they_o weigh_v wool_n brass_n iron_n copper_n flesh_n fish_n and_o other_o gross_a commodity_n the_o second_o be_v the_o golden_a weight_n in_o use_n for_o weigh_v gold_n silver_n precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n only_o and_o be_v call_v the_o mark_n consist_v of_o 8_o ounce_n and_o each_o ounce_n of_o 144_o cariot_n the_o three_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o weight_n only_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n the_o four_o be_v the_o pound_n suttle_n with_o which_o be_v weigh_v silk_n drug_n spice_n cotton_n cotton-yarn_n viz._n by_o the_o 100_o weight_n compose_v of_o the_o suttle_n pound_n 100_o pound_n gross_n be_v of_o this_o suttle_n pound_n 158_o pound_n and_o so_o on_o proportionable_o but_o in_o gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n 100_o pound_n gross_n be_v suttle_n but_o 116_o pound_n 8_o ounce_n the_o mark_n of_o gold_n 8_o ounce_n and_o from_o these_o our_o english_a trader_n have_v derive_v their_o weight_n common_o call_v venice_n weight_n 100_o pound_n of_o venice_n suttle_n make_v of_o london_n weight_n 64_o pound_n and_o gross_a 106_o pound_n the_o liquid_a measure_n for_o wine_n be_v the_o amphora_n the_o bigonsa_n the_o quart_n the_o sachio_n and_o lyre_n viz._n the_o bigonsa_fw-la 4_o of_o they_o make_v the_o amphora_n and_o each_o bigonsa_n be_v 4_o quart_n and_o 1_o quart_n be_v 4_o sachi_n each_o sachi_n be_v 4_o lyras_fw-la and_o each_o lyra_n a_o pound_n weight_n though_o in_o gross_a the_o lesser_a measure_n hold_v not_o out_o as_o for_o oil_n it_o be_v sell_v both_o by_o weight_n and_o measure_n the_o weight_n be_v call_v the_o staliero_n and_o the_o measure_v the_o miaro_n and_o be_v 40_o mire_n which_o be_v gross_a weight_n 120_o pound_n one_o mire_n by_o
weight_n be_v 30_o pound_n 3_o ounce_n and_o by_o measure_n 25_o pound_n corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o staio_n each_o staio_n be_v gross_a 132_o pound_n of_o venetian_a weight_n the_o account_n be_v keep_v several_a way_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o merchant_n as_o sometime_o in_o ducat_n and_o gross_v account_v 6_o liver_n and_o 4_o sold_n to_o a_o ducat_n or_o 24_o gross_v other_o again_o in_o sold_n and_o gross_v as_o for_o their_o exchange_n to_o their_o great_a advantage_n in_o way_n of_o trade_n they_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o their_o money_n pay_v for_o merchandise_n and_o that_o returnable_a upon_o bill_n the_o disproportion_n be_v between_o 20_o and_o 21_o per_fw-la cent_n their_o custom_n be_v extraordinary_a especial_o upon_o the_o english_a trade_n to_o zant_n for_o curran_n which_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o that_o seignory_n both_o upon_o good_n import_v and_o export_v the_o which_o have_v cause_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n of_o remove_v the_o scale_n of_o trade_n to_o leghorn_n a_o place_n no_o way_n so_o commodious_a nor_o abound_v in_o commodity_n of_o the_o native_a growth_n chap._n lxxiii_o a_o view_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o parma_n and_o of_o the_o trade_n weight_n measure_n custom_n etc._n etc._n parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n give_v it_o a_o name_n and_o be_v a_o pleasant_a city_n abound_v with_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o italy_n as_o silk_n stuff_n oil_n wine_n copper_n rice_n corn_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o for_o the_o weight_n use_v in_o the_o city_n it_o be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o make_v about_o 60_o suttle_n english_a the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n concord_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n the_o coin_n be_v denier_n liver_n and_o sold_v in_o which_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v but_o have_v thus_o far_o proceed_v i_o shall_v here_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o leghorn_n and_o of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n lxxiv_o a_o view_n of_o leghorn_n the_o trade_n custom_n weight_n measure_n and_o coin_n etc._n etc._n leghorn_n the_o principal_a port_n and_o scale_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v situate_v on_o a_o large_a plain_n and_o accommodate_v with_o a_o good_a harbour_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o ship_n so_o that_o almost_o the_o whole_a scale_n of_o trade_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n thither_o it_o be_v now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n have_v some_o time_n pass_v be_v purchase_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a and_o from_o he_o receive_v large_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n be_v enlarge_v by_o a_o new_a city_n build_v to_o the_o old_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a custom_n take_v there_o it_o be_v of_o a_o nest_n of_o pirate_n murderer_n etc._n etc._n who_o former_o inhabit_a it_o become_v famous_a throughout_o the_o world_n in_o this_o port_n the_o great_a duke_n keep_v his_o galley_n and_o here_o be_v find_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o commodity_n italy_n yield_v the_o trade_n of_o it_o be_v as_o aforesaid_a regulate_v by_o florence_n and_o pisa_n and_o to_o this_o port_n be_v bring_v the_o commodity_n of_o england_n spain_n france_n holland_n india_n arabia_n persia_n egypt_n and_o other_o country_n the_o account_n of_o merchant_n in_o leghorn_n be_v keep_v in_o liver_n sold_n denier_n 12_o denier_n be_v a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sold_n a_o liver_n and_o their_o other_o money_n be_v the_o same_o with_o florence_n except_o quadrin_n and_o crache_n 8_o crache_n be_v account_v worth_a 6_o penny_n sterling_a and_o of_o quadrin_n 60_o to_o a_o liver_n though_o sometime_o a_o different_a value_n be_v fix_v upon_o the_o money_n of_o either_o place_n but_o it_o continue_v not_o long_a the_o weight_n be_v the_o same_o with_o florence_n viz._n the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o make_v a_o quintal_n which_o be_v compute_v to_o make_v 75_o pound_n english_a and_o by_o this_o they_o weigh_v their_o gross_a commodity_n an_o other_o quintal_n they_o have_v of_o 150_o pound_n which_o make_v of_o london_n weight_n 113_o pound_n as_o also_o a_o other_o of_o 160_o pound_n make_v with_o we_o 121_o pound_n by_o which_o they_o weigh_v fish_n wool_n etc._n etc._n the_o kintar_n of_o alum_n be_v at_o leghorn_n 150_o pound_n but_o in_o england_n find_v to_o make_v but_o 143_o â…ž_n pound_n the_o kintar_n of_o sugar_n 15â—_n the_o kintar_n of_o fish_n 160_o pound_n and_o make_v english_a weight_n proportionable_o the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n and_o cane_n 4_o of_o the_o former_a make_n one_o of_o the_o latter_a each_o brace_n be_v 23_o inches_n english_a 100_o brace_n make_v 60_o yard_n or_o 48_o ells._n the_o concave_a measure_n for_o corn_n and_o salt_n be_v the_o stare_v the_o sack_n and_o the_o salmo_n 3_o of_o the_o first_o make_v one_o of_o the_o second_o and_o 3_o â…”_n of_o the_o second_o make_v one_o of_o the_o three_o which_o be_v a_o london_n quarter_n they_o have_v a_o measure_n likewise_o call_v a_o maggio_n which_o contain_v 8_o sack_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o port_n be_v that_o any_o merchant_n may_v land_v his_o good_n without_o pay_v any_o custom_n so_o be_v they_o be_v sell_v within_o a_o year_n but_o if_o not_o he_o must_v pay_v custom_n but_o if_o for_o the_o better_a disposal_n of_o commodity_n they_o be_v send_v into_o any_o other_o part_n of_o tuscany_n they_o must_v pay_v custom_n at_o pisa_n chap._n lxxv_o a_o view_n of_o genoa_n the_o weight_n measure_n coin_n and_o trade_n thereof_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o genoa_n be_v the_o city_n of_o genoa_n from_o whence_o the_o territory_n have_v name_n and_o be_v 8_o mile_n in_o compass_n be_v commodious_o situate_a for_o commerce_n and_o have_v be_v former_o a_o city_n of_o great_a trade_n but_o of_o late_a the_o citizen_n be_v turn_v usurer_n which_o have_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o navigation_n and_o the_o excessive_a custom_n upon_o good_n import_v deter_v merchant_n from_o trading_n thither_o to_o any_o purpose_n the_o merchantable_a ware_n that_o be_v find_v in_o this_o city_n be_v silk_n stuff_n damask_n drug_n wine_n oil_n and_o some_o fruit_n for_o which_o they_o receive_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o country_n who_o merchant_n trade_v thither_o their_o account_n especial_o as_o to_o merchandise_n be_v keep_v in_o denier_n solds_n and_o liver_n 12_o denier_n be_v a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sold_n a_o liver_n which_o be_v 16_o penny_n sterling_a their_o other_o coin_n for_o the_o most_o part_n concord_n with_o those_o of_o florence_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o quintal_n 100_o of_o the_o former_a make_v the_o latter_a which_o be_v account_v the_o quintal_n suttle_n the_o gross_a quintal_n be_v 150_o pound_n and_o make_v suttle_n weight_n of_o london_n 105_o pound_n and_o by_o the_o gross_a quintal_n be_v sell_v anniseed_n honey_n rice_n brass_n lead_v tinn_n soap_n wool_n and_o other_o weighty_a commodity_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n find_v to_o make_v 9_o palm_n or_o 4_o brace_n of_o florence_n which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o measure_v stuff_n and_o silk_n and_o for_o measure_v of_o linen_n the_o cane_n be_v 10_o palm_n 100_o of_o which_o palm_n have_v render_v 27_o english_a yard_n and_o consequent_o one_o cane_n of_o genoa_n be_v 2_o â…ž_n yard_n english_a corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o mine_n each_o my_o pay_a custom_n 6_o ½_o sold_v and_o weigh_v 270_o pound_n 2_o ½_o of_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o harwich_n quarter_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o barril_n 7_o ½_o of_o which_o make_v a_o neapolitan_a butt_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o mesorole_n 5_o of_o which_o make_v a_o botta_n dimena_fw-la of_o naples_n all_o good_n enter_v the_o river_n or_o port_n pay_v consolato_fw-la of_o the_o river_n 6_o denier_n per_fw-la liver_n which_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o buyer_n if_o a_o contract_n be_v not_o before_o make_v with_o the_o seller_n for_o the_o discharge_n thereof_o and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o republic_n of_o naples_n chap._n lxxvi_o a_o view_n of_o luca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lvca_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o river_n serchio_n be_v 3_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o so_o adorn_v with_o tree_n that_o such_o as_o pass_v a_o far_o off_o think_v it_o to_o stand_v in_o a_o wood._n the_o most_o merchantable_a commodity_n here_o find_v be_v silk_n as_o damask_n satin_n taffatas_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v here_o make_v and_o send_v to_o other_o city_n of_o italy_n and_o for_o they_o have_v return_v the_o growth_n of_o most_o country_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o sold_n
of_o zant_n zeffalonia_n and_o ithaca_n together_o with_o their_o trade_n commodity_n weight_n measure_n coin_n etc._n etc._n the_o commodity_n that_o these_o island_n principal_o afford_v be_v honey_n wax_n oil_n wine_n &_o curran_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o signeory_n of_o venice_n and_o hither_o it_o be_v that_o the_o english_a trade_n for_o curran_n now_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o from_o whence_o they_o yearly_o bring_v 3000_o tun_n or_o upward_o which_o at_o first_o they_o buy_v for_o small_a matter_n but_o the_o venetian_n see_v that_o fruit_n so_o much_o covet_v begin_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o use_n they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o which_o when_o they_o find_v and_o thereupon_o imagine_v the_o english_a can_v not_o subsist_v without_o they_o the_o better_a to_o recover_v the_o lose_a trade_n of_o venice_n that_o state_n impose_v a_o tax_n of_o 5_o ducat_n upon_o every_o 1000_o weight_n which_o be_v since_o augment_v notwithstanding_o the_o custom_n pay_v in_o england_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o currant_n be_v lade_v in_o a_o vessel_n that_o come_v purposely_o to_o lade_v that_o commodity_n but_o if_o she_o land_v her_o outward_a freight_v in_o venice_n or_o ⅔_n part_v thereof_o and_o then_o go_v to_o lade_n at_o any_o of_o these_o island_n the_o custom_n than_o be_v moderate_v for_o the_o growth_n of_o these_o island_n the_o english_a merchant_n exchange_n cloth_n perpetuano_n serges_n lead_v tinn_n herring_n newland-fish_n and_o pilchard_n though_o the_o great_a trade_n be_v for_o spanish_a rial_n all_o the_o other_o money_n currant_n among_o the_o islander_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o venice_n the_o native_n keep_v their_o account_n as_o in_o venice_n though_o merchant_n stranger_n often_o keep_v they_o in_o dollar_n which_o be_v those_o rial_n of_o 8_o 8_o and_o gassets_n 80_o to_o the_o dollar_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n 100_o of_o which_o pound_n make_v the_o quintar_n and_o agree_v with_o venice_n thus_o the_o 100_o pound_n suttle_n of_o venice_n make_v but_o 63_o ½_o pound_n of_o these_o island_n and_o the_o gross_a hundred_o of_o venice_n render_v but_o the_o common_a 100_o pound_n currant_n be_v buy_v by_o the_o 1000_o which_o 1000_o weight_n be_v reckon_v to_o make_v 1070_o pound_n english_a though_o of_o late_a by_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o factor_n or_o defraud_v of_o the_o islander_n it_o be_v find_v much_o less_o the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o two_o brace_n the_o long_a and_o the_o short_a the_o long_o be_v for_o woollen_a and_o linen_n cloth_n and_o the_o short_a for_o silk_n the_o former_a be_v find_v 27_o english_a inch_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o be_v 6_o in_o 7_o per_fw-la cent_n lesser_a oil_n be_v sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o liver_n and_o be_v compute_v to_o weigh_v 13_o pound_n english_a 10_o of_o which_o make_v a_o candia_n barrel_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o jar_n 3_o ½_o of_o which_o make_v the_o candia_n barrel_n corn_n they_o sell_v by_o the_o bechelo_n 3_o of_o which_o be_v account_v the_o starro_n and_o shall_v weigh_v 44_o pound_n etc._n etc._n the_o custom_n raise_v upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o these_o island_n yearly_a be_v between_o 40_o and_o 50000_o chequin_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v the_o income_n of_o the_o signory_n of_o venice_n the_o island_n find_v in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n be_v absertides_n cherso_n vegea_n grissa_n leliva_n cursola_n brassia_n lissia_n and_o zara_n which_o yield_v wine_n corn_n oil_n cattle_n and_o the_o like_a but_o enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n little_a or_o no_o trade_n except_o zara_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v pass_v they_o over_o and_o enter_v the_o mediterranean_a to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o island_n seat_v therein_o chap._n xcv_o of_o the_o island_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o principal_a of_o they_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v find_v these_o island_n viz._n sicilia_n malta_n corsica_n sardinia_n majorica_n and_o minorica_fw-la of_o the_o chief_a of_o which_o in_o order_n sicilia_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o island_n compute_v 700_o mile_n in_o circuit_n fertilize_v with_o many_o navigable_a river_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o fair_a city_n and_o be_v divide_v in_o 3_o province_n as_o vallis-de-nota_a masara_n and_o mona_n in_o this_o island_n be_v find_v the_o flame_v mount_n aetna_n and_o mount_v hiblia_n in_o which_o be_v find_v great_a store_n of_o honey_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v reduce_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o island_n into_o that_o of_o messina_n the_o chief_a port_n thereof_o which_o stand_v opposite_a to_o regio_n in_o calabria_n the_o island_n be_v divide_v from_o italy_n by_o a_o narrow_a frith_n or_o channel_n common_o call_v the_o fare_n of_o messina_n and_o former_o account_v dangerous_a for_o sailor_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o rock_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o a_o sand_n on_o the_o other_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o scylla_n and_o charybdis_n this_o city_n for_o some_o year_n past_a have_v be_v garison_v by_o the_o french_a which_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o inland_a commerce_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o other_o city_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o spaniard_n but_o since_o their_o abandon_v it_o the_o trade_n be_v again_o return_v many_o merchant_n of_o note_n reside_v there_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodiousness_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o ship_n it_o have_v acquire_v a_o great_a trade_n so_o that_o hither_o be_v bring_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o wine_n oil_n wax_v honey_n saffron_n sugar_n coral_n agate_n pumice_n corn_n cattle_n hides_n skin_n caviar_n tuny_n fish_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o although_o palermo_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o spanish_a viceroy_n yet_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a scale_n of_o trade_n the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n one_o ounce_n make_v 30_o tarry_v and_o 1_o tarry_v 20_o grain_n and_o by_o the_o same_o they_o account_v their_o money_n viz._n one_o ounce_n or_o 30_o tarry_v be_v 5_o florin_n or_o carlin_n 12_o carlin_n make_v the_o florin_n one_o tarry_a be_v account_v 12_o sold_n 6_o denier_n or_o one_o carline_n the_o carline_n be_v 10_o grain_n or_o 12_o liver_n one_o grain_n be_v 6_o picholis_fw-la and_o be_v 7_o ½_o dew_n money_n of_o siciliano_n one_o pancto_n be_v 8_o picholis_fw-la and_o the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 13_o tarry_v and_o this_o money_n be_v currant_n throughout_o the_o island_n the_o weight_n of_o messina_n be_v two_o viz._n the_o gross_a cantar_n by_o which_o they_o weigh_v all_o manner_n of_o gross_a commodity_n the_o small_a or_o suttle_n cantar_n 10_o pound_n less_o than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v 100_o rotolo_n of_o 30_o ounce_n or_o 2_o ½_o pound_n siciliano_n pound_n the_o former_a have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 196_o in_o 198_o pound_n english_a 20_o peso_n be_v account_v the_o suttle_n cantar_n and_o 22_o the_o gross_a cantar_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n or_o 81_o ½_o inches_n london_n measure_n the_o concave_a measure_n be_v the_o salmo_n and_o tomelo_n 16_o of_o the_o latter_a make_v the_o former_a which_o be_v account_v 11_o ¼_n staio_n of_o florence_n oil_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o cantar_n which_o be_v 2_o ¾_n barrel_n florence_n and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v in_o weight_n 180_o pound_n english_a the_o custom_n of_o this_o place_n and_o of_o the_o island_n in_o general_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n 9_o and_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n upon_o all_o solid_a good_n but_o fish_n and_o other_o edible_a commodity_n pay_v 12_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o all_o commodity_n of_o weight_n import_v whether_o they_o be_v sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v 3_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o messina_n and_o removing_z from_o ship_n to_o ship_n pay_v 3_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o sometime_o 3_o ¼_n all_o merchandise_n convey_v out_o of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o port_n of_o messina_n pay_v 6_o ⅓_n per_fw-la cent_n unless_o when_o the_o fair_a be_v and_o then_o according_a to_o a_o custom_n grant_v some_o commodity_n pay_v less_o than_o other_o some_o as_o for_o instance_n silk_n pay_v but_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n the_o island_n of_o malta_n corsica_n and_o sardinia_n afford_v store_n of_o orange_n lemon_n citron_n honey_n wax_n oil_n fig_n rasin_n wine_n honey_n alum_n box-wood_n iron_n hides_n cheese_n cattle_n and_o the_o like_a but_o be_v not_o much_o trade_v too_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o describe_v they_o further_o majorica_n and_o minorica_fw-la the_o former_a 300_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o the_o latter_a 250_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a 9_o mile_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o and_o abound_v in_o corn_n oil_n wine_n fruit_n drug_n
to_o hand_n or_o if_o not_o upon_o the_o note_n itself_o and_o if_o such_o note_n be_v refuse_v to_o be_v give_v than_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v receive_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o lose_a bill_n must_v enter_v protest_v and_o send_v it_o away_o and_o when_o the_o money_n become_v due_a upon_o the_o lose_a bill_n he_o must_v make_v demand_n of_o it_o and_o for_o nonpayment_n enter_fw-mi protest_v a_o second_o time_n and_o send_v it_o away_o or_o if_o he_o have_v a_o note_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n therein_o limit_v he_o must_v protest_v as_o upon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 26._o if_o a_o person_n send_v a_o bill_n to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o to_o get_v it_o accept_v though_o draw_v upon_o no_o particular_a person_n but_o a_o blank_a leave_v to_o put_v in_o the_o party_n name_v that_o will_v accept_v it_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n sufficient_a 27._o if_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v by_o one_o merchant_n upon_o another_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o three_o man_n he_o upon_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v liberty_n to_o choose_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v it_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o three_o person_n or_o on_o his_o account_n who_o draw_v it_o but_o then_o he_o must_v go_v before_o a_o public_a notary_n and_o declare_v his_o intent_n of_o which_o the_o notary_n must_v make_v a_o act_n endue_v form_n to_o be_v send_v away_o to_o the_o party_n who_o it_o concern_v and_o he_o must_v also_o cause_v a_o act_n to_o be_v make_v for_o payment_n thereof_o when_o it_o become_v due_a declare_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v it_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n but_o upon_o no_o other_o account_n than_o be_v the_o drawer_n accountable_a to_o he_o for_o the_o sum_n specify_v in_o the_o bill_n 28._o if_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v upon_o a_o merchant_n who_o after_o acceptance_n for_o want_v of_o money_n or_o otherwise_o fail_v to_o pay_v it_o when_o due_a another_o merchant_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n may_v pay_v the_o bill_n yet_o protest_v must_v be_v make_v against_o he_o that_o make_v default_n and_o send_v away_o and_o the_o safe_a way_n in_o that_o case_n be_v to_o have_v the_o receipt_n for_o discharge_v of_o the_o bill_n write_v under_o the_o protest_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o accept_a bill_n as_o a_o evidence_n against_o he_o who_o fail_v in_o the_o payment_n thereof_o 29._o if_o a_o party_n die_v between_o the_o time_n of_o acceptance_n and_o the_o time_n money_n become_v due_a upon_o a_o bill_n you_o must_v go_v to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o last_o abode_n when_o the_o money_n become_v due_a and_o demand_v it_o of_o the_o executor_n and_o if_o payment_n be_v refuse_v you_o must_v protest_v as_o you_o will_v have_v do_v if_o the_o party_n be_v live_v 30._o if_o the_o party_n die_v to_o who_o a_o bill_n be_v payable_a before_o it_o become_v due_a although_o the_o will_v be_v not_o prove_v nor_o letter_n of_o administration_n take_v out_o yet_o you_o must_v demand_v the_o money_n when_o due_a offer_v at_o the_o same_o time_n security_n to_o save_v the_o payer_n harmless_a from_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n and_o if_o upon_o such_o offer_n payment_n be_v refuse_v you_o must_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n 31._o if_o a_o bill_n be_v draw_v upon_o a_o person_n and_o upon_o inquiry_n no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v you_o must_v have_v your_o bill_n protest_v in_o due_a form_n 32._o if_o when_o you_o go_v to_o get_v your_o bill_n accept_v no_o person_n can_v accept_v it_o be_v at_o home_n and_o that_o at_o 2_o or_o 3_o go_n you_o must_v enter_v protest_v either_o for_o non-acceptance_n or_o nonpayment_n either_o at_o his_o dwell_a house_n or_o lodging_n in_o his_o absence_n which_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o merchant_n be_v sufficient_a for_o he_o ought_v at_o seasonable_a time_n to_o attend_v his_o own_o business_n for_o there_o be_v no_o avoid_v protest_v whether_o absent_a or_o present_a 33._o if_o the_o figure_n and_o word_n at_o length_n in_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n disagree_v than_o you_o ought_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o word_n at_o length_n and_o not_o by_o the_o figure_n 34._o if_o a_o name_n be_v mend_v or_o word_n interline_v and_o the_o bill_n be_v accept_v though_o it_o be_v a_o foul_a fault_n in_o the_o drawer_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o excuse_n sufficient_a for_o the_o acceptor_n to_o refuse_v payment_n but_o if_o the_o party_n who_o accept_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v mend_v or_o interline_v since_o he_o accept_v he_o must_v prove_v it_o the_o which_o if_o he_o do_v he_o may_v refuse_v payment_n till_o a_o second_o bill_n come_v to_o hand_n 35._o if_o a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a positive_o to_o a_o person_n by_o name_n than_o a_o assignment_n will_v not_o be_v available_a for_o it_o must_v be_v the_o very_a man_n specify_v to_o who_o the_o bill_n must_v be_v pay_v lest_o by_o pay_v to_o a_o wrong_a party_n you_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v it_o again_o in_o your_o own_o wrong_n 36._o if_o a_o bill_n come_v to_o any_o party_n to_o get_v it_o accept_v and_o by_o a_o oversight_n it_o be_v not_o direct_v to_o any_o person_n by_o name_n yet_o in_o the_o letter_n of_o credit_n the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v intend_v be_v mention_v then_o must_v it_o be_v present_v in_o order_n to_o its_o be_v accept_v and_o if_o the_o party_n for_o want_v of_o his_o name_n on_o the_o bill_n refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o then_o protest_v must_v be_v make_v for_o the_o drawer_n omission_n and_o he_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v the_o charge_n 37._o if_o a_o bill_n be_v accept_v and_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n yet_o if_o the_o drawer_n do_v satisfy_v the_o content_n of_o the_o bill_n he_o that_o accept_v the_o bill_n be_v discharge_v as_o to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a but_o must_v nevertheless_o stand_v engage_v to_o the_o drawer_n and_o if_o a_o bill_n be_v by_o one_o person_n assign_v over_o to_o another_o if_o the_o first_o person_n be_v satisfy_v the_o bill_n become_v useless_a nor_o can_v it_o by_o law_n be_v recover_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v only_o proceed_v to_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o insight_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o letter_n of_o credence_n and_o so_o conclude_v this_o one_o great_a and_o necessary_a part_n of_o merchant_n affair_n chap._n cxi_o of_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o to_o what_o intent_n they_o be_v draw_v there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o letter_n that_o pass_v between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o merchant_n and_o their_o factor_n as_o letter_n of_o commission_n for_o buy_v and_o sell_v letter_n of_o advice_n letter_n of_o freight_v and_o letter_n of_o credit_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v proper_o such_o as_o be_v write_v to_o furnish_v money_n by_o exchange_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o he_o that_o write_v they_o so_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o letter_n or_o letter_n so_o write_v the_o merchant_n or_o banker_n that_o write_v the_o letter_n 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commodity_n do_v not_o then_o yield_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o present_a value_n which_o show_v that_o not_o only_a ship_n but_o trade_n itself_o have_v increase_v somewhat_o near_o that_o proportion_n as_o to_o money_n the_o interest_n thereof_o be_v within_o these_o fifty_o year_n at_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la cent_n forty_o year_n ago_o at_o eight_o pound_n and_o now_o at_o six_o pound_n no_o thanks_o to_o any_o law_n which_o have_v be_v make_v to_o that_o purpose_n for_o as_o much_o as_o those_o who_o can_v give_v good_a security_n may_v now_o have_v it_o less_o but_o the_o natural_a fall_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n moreover_o if_o rent_a land_n and_o house_n have_v increase_v and_o if_o trade_n have_v increase_v also_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o money_n which_o pay_v those_o rent_n and_o drive_v on_o trade_n must_v have_v increase_v also_o last_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o observer_n whether_o the_o 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and_o therefore_o such_o will_v wonder_v at_o this_o supposition_n but_o if_o they_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o number_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o their_o child_n be_v great_a then_o that_o of_o the_o rich_a although_o the_o personal_a expense_n of_o some_o rich_a man_n shall_v be_v above_o twenty_o time_n more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o labourer_n yet_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o labourer_n above_o mention_v may_v well_o enough_o stand_v for_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o mankind_n now_o if_o the_o expense_n of_o each_o man_n one_o with_o another_o be_v seven_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o if_o the_o number_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v ten_o thousand_o then_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a expense_n will_v be_v seven_o thousand_o but_o about_o five_o thousand_o or_o a_o very_a little_a more_o will_v amount_v to_o a_o year_n pay_v for_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o foot_n forty_o thousand_o horse_n and_o forty_o thousand_o man_n at_o sea_n winter_n and_o summer_n which_o can_v rare_o be_v necessary_a and_o other_o ordinary_a charge_n of_o the_o government_n in_o the_o time_n of_o deep_a and_o secute_v peace_n be_v not_o 600000_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la where_o a_o people_n thrive_v there_o the_o income_n be_v great_a than_o the_o expense_n and_o consequent_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o expense_n be_v not_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o income_n now_o for_o man_n to_o pay_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o their_o expense_n in_o a_o time_n of_o great_a exigency_n for_o such_o it_o must_v be_v when_o so_o great_a force_n be_v requisite_a can_v be_v no_o hardship_n much_o less_o a_o deplorable_a conditon_n for_o to_o bear_v the_o ten_o part_n a_o man_n must_v needs_o spend_v a_o twenty_v part_n less_o and_o labour_v a_o twenty_o part_v more_o for_o half_a a_o hour_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la extraordinary_a both_o which_o in_o common_a experience_n be_v very_o tolerable_a here_o be_v very_o few_o in_o england_n who_o do_v not_o eat_v by_o a_o twenty_o part_v more_o than_o do_v they_o good_a and_o what_o misery_n be_v it_o instead_o of_o wear_v clothes_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n per_fw-la yard_n to_o be_v content_v with_o that_o of_o nineteen_o shilling_n few_o man_n have_v skill_n enough_o to_o discern_v the_o difference_n memorandum_n that_o all_o this_o while_n i_o suppose_v all_o of_o these_o ten_o thousand_o of_o people_n be_v obedient_a to_o their_o sovereign_n and_o within_o the_o reach_n of_o his_o power_n for_o as_o thing_n be_v otherwise_o so_o the_o calculation_n must_v be_v vary_v chap._n viii_o that_o there_o be_v spare_a hand_n enough_o among_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n to_o earn_v two_o million_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_o than_o they_o now_o do_v and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o employment_n ready_a proper_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o purpose_n to_o prove_v this_o point_n we_o must_v inquire_v how_o much_o all_o the_o people_n can_v earn_v if_o they_o be_v dispose_v or_o necessitate_v to_o labour_n and_o have_v work_v whereupon_o to_o employ_v themselves_o and_o compare_v the_o sum_n with_o that_o of_o the_o total_a expense_n abovemention_v deduct_v the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o land_n and_o stock_n which_o proper_o speak_v save_v so_o much_o labour_n now_o the_o proceed_v of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o stock_n in_o these_o country_n be_v about_o three_o part_n of_o seven_o of_o the_o whole_a expense_n so_o as_o where_o the_o expense_n be_v seventy_o thousand_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n and_o profit_n of_o all_o personal_a estate_n interest_n of_o money_n etc._n etc._n must_v be_v about_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o consequent_o the_o value_n of_o the_o labour_n forty_o thousand_o that_o be_v four_o pound_n per_fw-la head_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o mass_n of_o mankind_n be_v child_n males_n and_o female_n under_o seven_o year_n old_a from_o who_o little_a labour_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o about_o another_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n be_v such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a estate_n tithe_n dignity_n office_n and_o profession_n be_v exempt_a from_o that_o kind_n of_o labour_n we_o now_o speak_v of_o their_o business_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v to_o govern_v regulate_v and_o direct_v the_o labour_n and_o action_n of_o other_o so_o that_o of_o ten_o million_o there_o be_v about_o six_o thousand_o &_o a_o half_a or_o two_o three_o which_o if_o need_n require_v may_v actual_o labour_v and_o of_o these_o some_o may_v earn_v three_o shilling_n a_o week_n some_o five_o shilling_n and_o some_o seven_o shilling_n that_o be_v all_o of_o they_o may_v earn_v five_o shilling_n a_o weak_a at_o a_o medium_n one_o with_o another_o or_o at_o least_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la allow_v for_o sickness_n and_o other_o accident_n whereby_o the_o whole_a may_v earn_v fifty_o six_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la that_o be_v twenty_o five_o more_o than_o the_o expense_n the_o author_n of_o the_o state_n of_o england_n say_v that_o the_o child_n of_o norwich_n between_o six_o and_o sixteen_o year_n old_a do_v earn_v twelve_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_o than_o they_o spend_v now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o people_n of_o norwich_n be_v a_o three_o hundred_o part_n of_o all_o the_o people_n in_o england_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o account_n of_o hearth-money_n and_o about_o the_o five_o hundred_o part_n of_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n throughout_o the_o world_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o his_o majesty_n subject_n between_o six_o and_o sixteen_o year_n old_a may_v earn_v five_o thousand_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la more_o than_o they_o spend_v again_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o number_n of_o people_n above_o sixteen_o year_n old_a be_v double_a the_o number_n of_o those_o between_o six_o and_o
so_o to_o increase_v the_o magnitude_n of_o trade_n and_o consequent_o to_o increase_v stock_n which_o may_v effectual_o be_v do_v by_o in-banking_a twenty_o mil._n worth_n of_o land_n not_o be_v above_o a_o six_o or_o seven_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a territory_n of_o england_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o make_v a_o bond_n of_o such_o value_n to_o the_o security_n for_o all_o commodity_n buy_v and_o sell_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o universal_a trade_n above_o mention_v and_o thus_o it_o have_v appear_v that_o england_n have_v in_o it_o as_o much_o land_n like_o holland_n and_o zealand_n as_o the_o say_v two_o province_n do_v themselves_o contain_v with_o abundance_n of_o other_o land_n not_o inconvenient_a for_o trade_n and_o that_o there_o be_v spare_a hand_n enough_o to_o earn_v many_o million_o of_o money_n more_o than_o they_o now_o do_v and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o employment_n to_o earn_v several_a million_o even_o from_o the_o consumption_n of_o england_n itself_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o and_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o last_o paragraph_n about_o enlarge_n of_o the_o stock_n both_o of_o monies_n and_o land_n that_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a may_v â—very_n visible_a matter_n for_o the_o keep_n of_o england_n subject_n to_o gain_v the_o universal_a trade_n of_o the_o whole_a commercial_n world_n nor_o be_v it_o unseasonable_a to_o imitate_v this_o matter_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o young_a brother_n of_o good_a family_n of_o england_n can_v otherwise_o be_v provide_v for_o so_o as_o to_o live_v according_a to_o their_o birth_n and_o breed_n for_o if_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v worth_a eight_o million_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la then_o there_o be_v at_o a_o medium_fw-la about_o ten_o million_o family_n of_o about_o eight_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o each_o of_o which_o one_o with_o another_o we_o may_v suppose_v there_o be_v a_o young_a brother_n who_o in_o less_o than_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la will_v not_o maintain_v suitable_a to_o his_o relation_n now_o i_o say_v that_o if_o neither_o the_o office_n at_o court_n nor_o command_v in_o our_o ordinary_a army_n and_o navy_n nor_o church-preferment_n nor_o the_o usual_a gain_n by_o the_o profession_n of_o law_n and_o physic_n nor_o the_o employment_n under_o nobleman_n and_o prelate_n will_v all_o of_o they_o put_v together_o furnish_v livelihood_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o three_o thousand_o of_o the_o say_v one_o thousand_o young_a brother_n wherefore_o it_o remain_v that_o trade_n alone_o must_v supply_v the_o rest_n but_o if_o the_o say_v seven_o thousand_o gentleman_n be_v apply_v to_o trade_n without_o increase_v of_o trade_n or_o if_o the_o hope_n to_o increase_v trade_n without_o increase_v of_o stock_n which_o for_o aught_o appear_v be_v only_a to_o be_v do_v by_o in-banking_a a_o due_a proportion_n of_o land_n and_o money_n we_o must_v necessary_o be_v disappoint_v where_o note_v that_o sell_n of_o land_n to_o foreigner_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v enlarge_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereas_o do_v the_o same_o between_o one_o and_o other_o do_v effect_v nothing_o for_o he_o that_o turn_v all_o his_o land_n into_o money_n dispose_v himself_o for_o trade_n and_o he_o that_o part_n with_o his_o money_n for_o land_n do_v the_o contrary_a but_o to_o sell_v land_n to_o foreigner_n increase_v both_o money_n and_o people_n and_o consequent_o trade_n wherefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v think_v that_o when_o the_o law_n deny_v stranger_n to_o purchase_v and_o not_o permit_v they_o to_o trade_n without_o pay_v extraordinary_a duty_n be_v make_v that_o then_o the_o public_a state_n of_o thing_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o nation_n be_v far_o different_a from_o what_o they_o now_o be_v have_v handle_v these_o ten_o principal_a conclusion_n i_o may_v go_v on_o with_o other_o ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la but_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o i_o look_v upon_o as_o sufficient_a to_o show_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o political_a arithmetic_n and_o to_o evince_v the_o use_n of_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o people_n land_n stock_n trade_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v not_o in_o so_o bad_a a_o condition_n as_o discontent_a man_n will_v make_v they_o three_o to_o demonstrate_v the_o great_a effect_n of_o unity_n industry_n and_o obedience_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n and_o each_o man_n particular_a happiness_n other_o than_o which_o i_o have_v now_o finis_fw-la