21_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 21_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 2_o 23_o 2_o 22_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 22_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 3_o 24_o 3_o 23_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 23_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 4_o 25_o 4_o 24_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 24_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 5_o 26_o 5_o 25_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 25_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 6_o 27_o 6_o 26_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 26_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 7_o 28_o 7_o 27_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 27_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 8_o 29_o 8_o 28_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 28_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 9_o 30_o 9_o 29_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 29_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 10_o 31_o 10_o 30_o 11_o ja._n 1_o 11_o fe._n 1_o 11_o ma._n 1_o 11_o ap._n 1_o 11_o ma._n 1_o 11_o ju._n 1_o 11_o jul._n 1_o 11_o au._n 1_o 11_o sep._n 1_o 11_o oc._n 1_o 11_o no._n 1_o 11_o dec._n 1_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 12_o 2_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 13_o 3_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 14_o 4_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 15_o 5_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 16_o 6_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 17_o 7_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 18_o 8_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 19_o 9_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 20_o 10_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 21_o 11_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 22_o 12_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 23_o 13_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 24_o 14_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 25_o 15_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 26_o 16_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 27_o 17_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 28_o 18_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 29_o 19_o 30_o 20_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 30_o 20_o 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 21_o short_a instruction_n how_o to_o keep_v merchant_n book_n of_o account_n after_o the_o italian_a manner_n 1._o money_n pay_v when_o you_o pay_v any_o money_n to_o any_o body_n make_v the_o person_n debtor_n and_o the_o account_n of_o cash_n creditor_n 2._o money_n receive_v for_o money_n receive_v make_v the_o account_n of_o cash_n debtor_n and_o the_o person_n of_o who_o it_o be_v receive_v creditor_n 3._o good_n buy_v for_o ready_a mony_n when_o good_n be_v buy_v for_o ready_a money_n make_v the_o account_n of_o good_n debtor_n and_o cash_n creditor_n 4._o good_n sell_v for_o ready_a mony_n when_o good_n be_v sell_v for_o ready_a money_n make_v the_o account_n of_o cash_n debtor_n and_o the_o good_n creditor_n 5._o good_n buy_v at_o time_n when_o good_n be_v buy_v at_o time_n then_o make_v the_o account_n of_o the_o good_n debtor_n and_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v buy_v creditor_n 6._o good_n sell_v at_o time_n when_o good_n be_v sell_v at_o time_n then_o make_v the_o account_n of_o the_o person_n debtor_n and_o the_o good_n creditor_n 7._o good_n buy_a one_o part_n at_o time_n and_o the_o rest_n for_o ready_a mony_n good_n buy_a one_o part_n for_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o time_n must_v be_v divide_v in_o two_o part_n namely_o first_o the_o good_n must_v be_v make_v debtor_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n and_o the_o person_n of_o who_o they_o be_v buy_v creditor_n second_o as_o much_o as_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n you_o must_v make_v the_o person_n debtor_n and_o cash_n creditor_n 8._o good_n sell_a one_o part_v for_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o time_n good_n sell_a one_o part_v for_o ready_a money_n the_o rest_n at_o time_n first_o you_o must_v make_v the_o person_n debtor_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n and_o afterward_o the_o good_n creditor_n than_o you_o must_v make_v the_o cash_n debtor_n for_o so_o much_o as_o you_o receive_v in_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o person_n creditor_n for_o the_o rest_n 9_o money_n pay_v for_o good_n before_o it_o be_v due_a when_o you_o have_v buy_v any_o good_n at_o time_n and_o afterward_o you_o agree_v with_o the_o person_n which_o sell_v you_o the_o good_n to_o pay_v your_o money_n before_o it_o be_v due_a with_o rebate_n or_o discount_n than_o you_o must_v make_v the_o person_n debtor_n as_o follow_v viz._n to_o cash_n for_o so_o much_o as_o you_o pay_v he_o and_o to_o profit_n and_o loss_n for_o the_o rebatement_n or_o allowance_n for_o the_o discount_n 10._o good_n sell_v in_o barter_n for_o other_o when_o you_o sell_v good_n in_o barter_n for_o other_o than_o you_o must_v make_v the_o good_n which_o you_o receive_v debtor_n to_o the_o good_n which_o you_o deliver_v receive_v before_o you_o write_v and_o write_v before_o you_o pay_v and_o so_o a_o good_a account_n be_v sure_a to_o keep_v you_o may_v finis_fw-la england_n benefit_n and_o advantage_n by_o forein-trade_n plain_o demonstrate_v dedicate_v to_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n by_o tho._n mun_n merchant_n london_n print_v for_o tho._n horn_n at_o the_o south-entrance_n into_o the_o royal-exchange_n mdcc_o england_n treasure_n by_o foreign_a trade_n or_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o our_o treasure_n my_o son_n in_o a_o former_a discourse_n i_o have_v endeavour_v after_o my_o manner_n brief_o to_o teach_v thou_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v piety_n how_o to_o fear_v god_n aright_o according_a to_o his_o work_n and_o word_n the_o second_o be_v policy_n how_o to_o love_n and_o serve_v thy_o country_n by_o instruct_v thou_o in_o the_o duty_n and_o proceed_n of_o sundry_a vocation_n which_o either_o order_n or_o else_o act_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o which_o as_o some_o thing_n do_v especial_o tend_v to_o preserve_v and_o other_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o enlarge_v the_o same_o so_o be_o i_o now_o to_o speak_v of_o money_n which_o do_v indifferent_o serve_v to_o both_o these_o happy_a end_n wherein_o i_o will_v observe_v this_o order_n first_o to_o show_v the_o general_a mean_n whereby_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v enrich_v and_o then_o proceed_v to_o those_o particular_a course_n by_o which_o prince_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v supply_v with_o treasure_n but_o first_o of_o all_o i_o will_v say_v something_o of_o the_o merchant_n because_o be_v must_v be_v a_o principal_a agent_n in_o this_o great_a business_n chap._n i._n the_o quality_n which_o be_v require_v in_o a_o perfect_a merchant_n of_o foreign_a
3._o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o taker_n direct_v the_o bill_n to_o his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o now_o this_o way_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o useful_a according_a as_o occasion_n may_v be_v for_o suppose_v i_o be_v to_o go_v from_o london_n to_o plymouth_n there_o to_o employ_v some_o money_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o some_o coromodity_n i_o deliver_v my_o money_n here_o in_o london_n to_o some_o body_n who_o give_v i_o his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n on_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n at_o plymouth_n payable_a to_o myself_o so_o i_o carry_v the_o bill_n along_o with_o i_o and_o receive_v my_o money_n myself_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o at_o plymouth_n another_o way_n wherein_o only_o three_o person_n be_v needful_a in_o the_o negotiation_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n namely_o first_o the_o drawer_n second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v three_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a 1._o the_o drawer_n have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n belong_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o order_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v pay_v do_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n himself_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n 2._o charge_v it_o on_o his_o friend_n or_o factor_n 3._o payable_a to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o way_n more_o wherein_o money_n may_v be_v remit_v by_o exchange_n only_o with_o the_o help_n of_o three_o person_n 1._o the_o taker_n 2._o the_o deliverer_n 3._o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a as_o thus_o if_o i_o be_v at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o intend_v to_o come_v to_o london_n i_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o dartmouth_n or_o exon_n and_o subscribe_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o confess_v the_o value_n receive_v of_o the_o deliverer_n direct_v or_o draw_v on_o myself_o payable_a to_o who_o the_o deliverer_n shall_v appoint_v in_o london_n two_o person_n to_o make_v a_o exchange_n likewise_o a_o parcel_n of_o money_n may_v be_v do_v by_o exchange_n between_o two_o person_n first_o the_o drawer_n and_o second_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v the_o drawer_n he_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o himself_o or_o order_n for_o the_o value_n in_o himself_o and_o subscribe_v the_o bill_n and_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o party_n that_o owe_v he_o money_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v it_o by_o exchange_n by_o which_o bill_n when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v accept_v it_o he_o become_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n and_o he_o before_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a do_v negotiate_v the_o parcel_n with_o another_o man_n and_o so_o draw_v in_o the_o money_n at_o the_o place_n where_o he_o live_v and_o make_v only_o a_o assignment_n on_o the_o bill_n payable_a to_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n the_o usefulness_n of_o frame_v bill_n of_o exchange_n after_o these_o several_a form_n beforementioned_a will_v be_v find_v out_o according_a as_o each_o man_n occasion_n shall_v present_v in_o his_o trade_n and_o commerce_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a that_o there_o be_v fierce_a a_o merchant_n but_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o one_o way_n or_o other_o do_v either_o receive_v or_o pay_v money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o these_o manner_n of_o exchange_n beforementioned_a be_v term_v real_a exchange_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n real_o do_v and_o the_o money_n real_o exchange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o there_o be_v other_o exchange_n of_o money_n so_o call_v but_o improper_o as_o dry_v exchange_n feign_a or_o imaginary_a exchange_n small_a or_o petty_a exchange_n dry_v exchange_n dry_v exchange_n be_v when_o i_o have_v occasion_n for_o monies_n desire_v a_o banker_n to_o lend_v i_o 100_o l._n at_o interest_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o banker_n unwilling_a to_o deliver_v at_o interest_n offer_v i_o 100_o l._n by_o exchange_n for_o amsterdam_n whereunto_o i_o agree_v but_o not_o have_v any_o correspondence_n there_o the_o banker_n bid_v i_o make_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o double_a or_o treble_a usance_n at_o amsterdam_n by_o any_o imaginary_a body_n at_o the_o price_n the_o exchange_n shall_v there_o go_v at_o which_o i_o do_v the_o time_n be_v run_v out_o come_v a_o protest_v from_o amsterdam_n for_o nonpayment_n with_o their_o exchange_n of_o the_o money_n from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n all_o which_o with_o cost_v i_o must_v repay_v he_o here_o in_o london_n for_o the_o money_n he_o lend_v i_o feign_a exchange_n feign_a exchange_n be_v when_o i_o owe_v a_o banker_n monies_n and_o have_v none_o at_o present_a to_o pay_v i_o desire_v time_n the_o banker_n grant_v it_o i_o but_o i_o be_o to_o pay_v he_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o the_o time_n at_o roven_n yet_o we_o be_v agree_v between_o ourselves_o that_o if_o i_o pay_v it_o he_o here_o in_o london_n at_o the_o time_n than_o i_o be_o free_a otherwise_o i_o be_o bind_v as_o above_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o banker_n write_v to_o his_o friend_n at_o roven_n that_o against_o such_o a_o time_n he_o send_v he_o from_o thence_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o like_a sum_n feign_v that_o he_o owe_v it_o he_o there_o after_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v come_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n from_o roven_n to_o pay_v here_o so_o much_o as_o he_o owe_v there_o with_o the_o rechange_v all_o which_o the_o banker_n put_v to_o my_o account_n and_o per_fw-la our_o agreement_n will_v force_v i_o to_o pay_v in_o case_n i_o do_v not_o pay_v he_o here_o at_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o petty_a exchange_n petty_a exchange_n be_v the_o change_a of_o one_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o another_o as_o to_o exchange_v 20_o s._n in_o silver_n for_o 21_o s._n in_o brass_n or_o copper_n farthing_n and_o the_o like_a but_o these_o three_o last-mentioned_a kind_n of_o exchange_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v upon_o in_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o so_o commendable_a as_o the_o real_a exchange_n nor_o as_o i_o conceive_v much_o practise_v in_o these_o part_n pair_n pair_n as_o the_o french_a call_v it_o be_v to_o equalise_v match_n or_o make_v even_o the_o money_n of_o exchange_n from_o one_o place_n with_o that_o of_o another_o when_o i_o take_v up_o so_o much_o money_n per_fw-la exchange_n in_o one_o place_n to_o pay_v the_o just_a value_n thereof_o in_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n in_o another_o place_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o but_o only_o to_o what_o the_o money_n be_v worth_a and_o do_v current_o pass_v for_o in_o each_o place_n according_a whereunto_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o the_o profit_n and_o loss_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v make_v in_o whatever_o parcel_n of_o money_n draw_v or_o remit_v by_o exchange_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o deliver_v money_n at_o pair_n when_o there_o be_v receive_v in_o one_o town_n just_a so_o much_o money_n as_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o town_n as_o when_o i_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o york_n to_o receive_v 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o london_n which_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o time_n for_o what_o part_v the_o exchange_n be_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o be_v usual_o make_v from_o and_o to_o the_o most_o eminent_a city_n or_o town_n in_o each_o place_n or_o country_n where_o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v hold_v between_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n of_o monies_n and_o the_o trade_n cease_v at_o any_o town_n the_o price_n currant_n for_o exchange_n for_o that_o town_n cease_v with_o it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v their_o factor_n and_o company_n at_o delft_n then_o there_o be_v a_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o the_o company_n remove_v from_o delft_n to_o rotterdam_n where_o they_o be_v at_o present_a there_o be_v now_o no_o price_n currant_n of_o exchange_n from_o london_n to_o delft_n but_o from_o london_n to_o rotterdam_n upon_o what_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v now_o most_o country_n use_v several_a kind_n of_o money_n different_a in_o value_n one_o from_o another_o the_o exchange_n be_v value_v or_o rate_v upon_o some_o one_o certain_a most_o considerable_a species_n or_o sort_n of_o money_n for_o each_o country_n or_o town_n as_o follow_v the_o exchange_n of_o monies_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n amsterdam_n middleborough_n lisle_n and_o rotterdam_n be_v usual_o account_v and_o value_v on_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o 20_o s._n english_a money_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o pay_v after_o the_o
hand_n that_o therefore_o no_o protest_v can_v be_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n which_o be_v frivoulous_a and_o vain_a and_o will_v prove_v but_o a_o sandy_a foundation_n for_o any_o to_o build_v upon_o nota._n nota._n for_o even_o by_o the_o notifica-which_a be_v make_v to_o the_o party_n accept_v declare_v how_o that_o the_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n of_o such_o a_o date_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n from_o such_o a_o party_n payable_a to_o such_o a_o one_o and_o draw_v on_o he_o and_o by_o he_o accept_v be_v lose_v etc._n etc._n the_o acceptor_n do_v thereby_o tacit_o acknowledge_v that_o such_o a_o bill_n be_v by_o he_o accept_v and_o so_o make_v himself_o debtor_n for_o the_o parcel_n and_o thereupon_o he_o may_v in_o case_n of_o obstinacy_n be_v sue_v at_o law_n for_o the_o money_n without_o the_o accept_a bill_n and_o be_v force_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o with_o cost_n and_o damage_n and_o therefore_o mere_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o accept_a bill_n he_o 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notary_n to_o make_v demand_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n upon_o the_o same_o offer_n of_o give_v bond_n to_o save_v harmless_a as_o above_o and_o than_o if_o payment_n be_v refuse_v the_o notary_n must_v protest_v for_o want_v of_o present_a payment_n and_o the_o party_n that_o accept_v the_o bill_n be_v liable_a to_o make_v good_a the_o damage_n and_o cost_n he_o be_v the_o wilful_a occasion_n thereof_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o accept_a bill_n be_v but_o accidental_a and_o indeed_o such_o a_o bill_n be_v real_o lose_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a and_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o man_n well_o know_v and_o of_o good_a commerce_n and_o such_o notification_n be_v make_v as_o above_o nota._n nota._n yea_o i_o will_v advise_v to_o make_v the_o notification_n though_o i_o do_v not_o miss_v the_o bill_n till_o i_o go_v for_o the_o money_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o i_o can_v tell_v what_o may_v fall_v out_o between_o the_o cup_n and_o the_o lip_n i_o can_v well_o imagine_v what_o loss_n he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v can_v be_v at_o in_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o due_a time_n to_o the_o right_a party_n upon_o his_o bond_n to_o save_v harmless_a object_n peradventure_o you_o will_v object_n and_o say_v what_o if_o the_o second_o bill_n come_v payable_a to_o another_o man_n be_o not_o i_o bind_v to_o pay_v that_o bill_n i_o answer_v that_o can_v hardly_o be_v i_o mean_v that_o the_o second_o bill_n shall_v come_v payable_a to_o another_o man_n if_o the_o first_o be_v make_v payable_a in_o the_o bill_n or_o by_o orderly_a assignment_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o you_o have_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o yet_o suppose_v the_o first_o accept_v bill_n which_o be_v lose_v be_v payable_a or_o assign_v to_o he_o that_o lose_v it_o and_o a_o second_o bill_n shall_v come_v assign_v to_o another_o man_n as_o i_o have_v see_v such_o a_o thing_n happen_v the_o honesty_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o i_o will_v not_o now_o dispute_v the_o money_n be_v real_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o same_o fall_v due_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o accept_a bill_n and_o payable_a to_o he_o and_o not_o have_v have_v notice_n of_o the_o other_o bill_n until_o after_o it_o be_v due_a the_o payment_n on_o or_o according_a to_o the_o first_o bill_n be_v good_a and_o warrantable_a ob._n but_o what_o if_o the_o first_o accept_v bill_n be_v afterward_o find_v by_o any_o that_o shall_v come_v and_o demand_v the_o money_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o that_o he_o himself_o shall_v have_v assign_v it_o over_o to_o another_o man_n and_o have_v take_v up_o the_o value_n of_o he_o an._n it_o be_v all_o as_o nothing_o come_v after_o the_o time_n and_o the_o money_n have_v be_v pay_v at_o the_o time_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a though_o without_o the_o accept_a bill_n it_o be_v suppose_v lose_v and_o have_v good_a bond_n to_o save_v harmless_a it_o will_v lie_v on_o he_o which_o have_v commit_v the_o fraud_n and_o not_o on_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v and_o have_v pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n who_o be_v free_a from_o both_o first_o and_o second_o bill_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v save_v harmless_n according_o no_o revoke_v acceptance_n it_o happen_v one_o day_n that_o a_o young_a merchant_n though_o a_o middle_a age_a man_n come_v to_o i_o and_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v few_o hour_n ago_o accept_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o deliver_v it_o back_o to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a but_o that_o just_a now_o he_o have_v receive_v letter_n of_o advice_n that_o the_o party_n for_o who_o account_n the_o money_n be_v draw_v namely_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v fail_v of_o his_o credit_n and_o therefore_o the_o acceptor_n will_v if_o he_o can_v un-accept_a the_o bill_n or_o make_v void_a his_o acceptance_n thereof_o and_o desire_v i_o to_o advise_v he_o how_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o to_o who_o i_o make_v answer_v merry_o sir_n pray_v go_v to_o the_o party_n that_o have_v your_o accept_a bill_n and_o tell_v he_o as_o much_o as_o you_o have_v tell_v i_o if_o he_o know_v it_o not_o already_o and_o if_o he_o will_v give_v you_o leave_v to_o cancel_v your_o acceptance_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v than_o you_o may_v be_v free_a from_o your_o engagement_n but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v no_o other_o way_n for_o if_o you_o can_v recall_v your_o word_n in_o such_o case_n much_o less_o can_v you_o make_v void_a your_o deed_n without_o mutual_a consent_n for_o the_o truth_n be_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v once_o accept_v that_o acceptance_n can_v be_v recall_v but_o the_o acceptor_n stand_v liable_a to_o the_o payment_n and_o must_v make_v it_o good_a if_o he_o be_v able_a accept_v for_o long_a time_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a at_o 30_o day_n sight_n and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o say_a bill_n be_v direct_v will_v not_o accept_v it_o but_o at_o 60_o day_n sight_n or_o if_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v at_o double_a usance_n and_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o same_o be_v draw_v will_v not_o accept_v it_o but_o at_o treble_a usance_n or_o the_o like_a that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v charge_v will_v not_o accept_v it_o to_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o time_n therein_o limit_v but_o for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o such_o case_n the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a or_o his_o assign_v must_v cause_v protest_v to_o be_v make_v for_o want_n of_o acceptance_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o and_o then_o he_o may_v take_v the_o acceptance_n offer_v or_o if_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v leave_v with_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o be_v accept_v and_o he_o do_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a accept_v the_o bill_n for_o a_o long_a time_n or_o for_o a_o less_o sum_n than_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o say_a bill_n be_v make_v payable_a or_o his_o assign_v must_v go_v with_o the_o say_a bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o a_o notary_n and_o cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v for_o want_n of_o acceptance_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n therein_o mention_v or_o according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o he_o may_v not_o let_v the_o party_n blot_v out_o his_o acceptance_n nota._n nota._n for_o by_o his_o acceptance_n he_o make_v himself_o debtor_n and_o own_v the_o
for_o their_o coin_n their_o small_a piece_n be_v a_o ounce_n weight_n and_o this_o be_v see_v practise_v in_o massa_n and_o other_o kingdom_n also_o thereabouts_o congo_n of_o lumache_n in_o congo_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n be_v take_v up_o along_o the_o seashore_n great_a store_n of_o shell_n fish_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a use_v in_o tombuto_n call_v lumache_n which_o they_o distinguish_v male_a and_o female_a the_o shell_n whereof_o be_v there_o account_v a_o coin_n and_o wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o buy_v both_o silver_n and_o gold_n but_o with_o silver_n or_o gold_n either_o in_o mass_n or_o coin_n can_v they_o not_o buy_v any_o other_o thing_n needful_a whatsoever_o melinda_n of_o glass-bead_n in_o melinda_n in_o melinda_n they_o have_v little_a ball_n of_o glass_n in_o manner_n of_o our_o red_a bead_n which_o come_v to_o they_o from_o cambaia_n and_o other_o place_n and_o these_o be_v their_o coin_n and_o money_n and_o with_o they_o gold_n be_v neither_o find_v to_o be_v of_o account_n nor_o esteem_n cathay_n of_o salt_n and_o paper_n in_o cathay_n in_o some_o place_n of_o cathay_n their_o money_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o paper_n stamp_v and_o in_o some_o other_o salt_n bake_v into_o small_a cake_n for_o the_o excellent_a use_n and_o scarcity_n thereof_o pass_v current_a as_o coin_n among_o they_o pegu._n of_o ganza_n in_o pegu._n in_o pegu_n their_o money_n be_v call_v ganza_n and_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n and_o lead_n which_o every_o man_n may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n both_o coin_n and_o stamp_n that_o be_v able_a for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v account_v as_o a_o merchandise_n among_o they_o bengala_n of_o almond_n in_o bengala_n in_o bengala_n their_o small_a money_n be_v a_o fruit_n resemble_v the_o almond_n which_o pass_v current_n from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o traffic_n sumatra_n of_o skull_n of_o dead_a man_n in_o sumatra_n and_o in_o the_o island_n sumatra_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n be_v account_v their_o great_a treasure_n with_o which_o they_o buy_v and_o barter_n and_o he_o be_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v the_o great_a number_n thereof_o in_o his_o house_n india_n of_o pepper_n and_o cocos_fw-la in_o india_n and_o last_o in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n they_o use_v pepper_n and_o cocos-nut_n in_o lieu_n of_o money_n and_o the_o same_o pass_v current_a for_o coin_n in_o many_o place_n of_o india_n and_o to_o conclude_v it_o may_v be_v observe_v throughout_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n that_o though_o silver_n and_o gold_n be_v not_o the_o metal_n general_o in_o use_n for_o the_o coin_n and_o stamp_v of_o money_n throughout_o all_o the_o world_n yet_o these_o other_o thing_n specify_v carry_v with_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n in_o these_o place_n the_o like_a efficacy_n and_o power_n name_n money_o call_v by_o three_o several_a name_n to_o proceed_v then_o budelius_n varro_n and_o sundry_a author_n write_v upon_o the_o original_n of_o money_n and_o upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o this_o predominant_a point_n of_o traffic_n affirm_v that_o all_o coin_n in_o the_o general_n have_v be_v nominate_v by_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n 1._o moneta_n 2._o nummus_fw-la 3._o pecunia_n the_o reason_n give_v thereof_o be_v these_o moneta_n moneta_n first_o moneta_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v that_o name_n and_o be_v derive_v à _fw-la monendo_fw-la which_o be_v to_o admonish_v and_o warn_v the_o people_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n vel_fw-la nummi_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o of_o such_o a_o sign_n or_o mark_v impress_v thereupon_o thereby_o allude_v to_o the_o fay_n of_o christ_n matth._n 22._o where_o the_o pharisee_n bring_v he_o a_o penny_n he_o thereupon_o demand_v who_o image_n and_o superscription_n that_o be_v and_o they_o answer_v caesar_n then_o say_v he_o unto_o they_o give_v therefore_o to_o caesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n and_o unto_o god_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v god_n nummus_fw-la nummus_fw-la second_o nummus_fw-la be_v say_v to_o take_v its_o name_n as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o à _fw-la numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la numine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o ducat_n be_v say_v from_o ducatus_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v from_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o roman_a king_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o 1900_o year_n pass_v command_v money_n to_o be_v make_v whereof_o ever_o since_o after_o his_o name_n every_o piece_n of_o money_n be_v call_v nummus_fw-la or_o again_o as_o some_o hold_n it_o be_v derive_v from_o nomos_n which_o signify_v a_o law_n and_o impli_v as_o much_o as_o such_o a_o prince_n or_o such_o a_o commonwealth_n have_v ordain_v money_n from_o who_o it_o have_v take_v a_o certain_a price_n and_o value_n pecunia_n pecunia_n three_o pecunia_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n sheep_n and_o ox_n wherein_o be_v say_v to_o consist_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o whereon_o the_o figure_n thereof_o be_v stamp_v and_o be_v constive_v to_o be_v all_o manner_n of_o live_a creature_n want_v the_o form_n of_o man_n and_o some_o hold_n that_o the_o name_n of_o money_n signify_v not_o only_a money_n number_v or_o tell_v but_o also_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o movable_a as_o immovable_a liquid_a as_o solid_a and_o in_o general_a all_o thing_n whatsoever_o man_n have_v upon_o earth_n from_o these_o three_o name_n and_o kind_n grow_v first_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o particular_a distinction_n and_o nomination_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o species_n as_o they_o be_v current_n in_o worth_n and_o esteem_n among_o they_o for_o they_o have_v then_o in_o use_n certain_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n denarii_fw-la denarii_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o the_o silver_n be_v in_o value_n ten_o piece_n of_o the_o copper_n it_o be_v call_v denarius_fw-la and_o because_o every_o piece_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a ten_o piece_n of_o silver_n the_o same_o be_v also_o call_v denarius_fw-la and_o thus_o for_o distinction_n sake_n other_o nation_n in_o their_o coin_n in_o after-age_n follow_v their_o example_n england_n easterling_n money_n of_o england_n and_o our_o english_a money_n come_v to_o have_v the_o appellation_n of_o sterling_n and_o to_o be_v distinguish_v into_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n as_o some_o say_v from_o the_o easterlin_n that_o be_v in_o time_n past_o the_o master_n of_o our_o mint_n and_o the_o refiner_n of_o our_o coin_n which_o yet_o hold_v this_o name_n and_o by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v know_v throughout_o all_o europe_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n however_o coin_n and_o money_n come_v to_o have_v their_o original_n and_o name_n and_o however_o the_o same_o come_v to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o of_o what_o metal_n soever_o the_o same_o be_v in_o these_o day_n find_v to_o be_v make_v of_o and_o frame_v yet_o when_o once_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a magistrate_n crime_n coin_n debase_v or_o alter_v be_v a_o capital_a crime_n it_o be_v hold_v a_o capital_a crime_n in_o all_o country_n either_o to_o deface_v mend_v alter_v or_o any_o way_n to_o debase_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o most_o just_o the_o circumstance_n consider_v do_v the_o coin_n of_o prince_n current_n in_o all_o their_o country_n challenge_v a_o principal_a part_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o universal_a commerce_n of_o the_o world_n a_o table_n show_v the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower_n standard_n the_o value_n as_o bullion_n and_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n of_o several_a coin_n of_o foreign_a nation_n both_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o they_o be_v assay_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n june_n 1651._o the_o fineness_n compare_v with_o the_o tower-standard_n the_o name_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n the_o weight_n by_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o value_n 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be_v none_o allow_v here_o yet_o only_a custom_n have_v creep_v upon_o we_o in_o the_o sale_n of_o sugar_n to_o allow_v for_o tare_n of_o the_o cask_n as_o it_o be_v in_o london_n the_o most_o of_o our_o negotiation_n for_o want_n of_o money_n be_v in_o a_o way_n of_o barter_v and_o do_v agree_v in_o what_o commodity_n to_o pay_v and_o at_o what_o rate_n and_o time_n little_a ship_n here_o but_o small_a cross_v from_o twenty_o to_o eighty_o and_o a_o hundred_o tun_n and_o most_o catch_n employ_v to_o the_o western_a island_n madara_n virginia_n and_o caribbe_n island_n few_o or_o no_o nation_n but_o our_o own_o frequent_a here_o the_o chief_a fish_n be_v make_v dry_a dry_v cod_n or_o poor_a jack_n which_o be_v take_v by_o hook_n and_o line_n in_o shallop_n the_o season_v the_o spring_n and_o fall_v the_o time_n for_o lade_n the_o spring_n fish_n which_o be_v the_o best_a be_v in_o june_n the_o fall_v fish_n in_o october_n
sort_n be_v much_o make_v use_n of_o for_o guild_v the_o old_a one_o be_v account_v the_o best_a the_o silver_n coin_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n the_o spanish_a ryal_n of_o 8_o â—_o and_o the_o asper_n of_o this_o place_n which_o latter_a notwithstanding_o have_v some_o mixture_n of_o brass_n in_o it_o and_o of_o late_a year_n they_o have_v be_v so_o falsify_v by_o the_o jew_n that_o at_o present_a they_o be_v call_v in_o which_o can_v but_o occasion_v a_o great_a detriment_n to_o many_o account_n account_n their_o account_n be_v common_o keep_v in_o dollar_n or_o rial_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o asper_n money_n exportation_n of_o money_n exportation_n of_o money_n be_v sometime_o limit_v viz._n such_o a_o quantity_n at_o a_o ship_n as_o the_o dey_n please_v and_o often_o prohibit_v yet_o seldom_o be_v this_o prohibition_n so_o strict_a but_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o present_v you_o may_v transport_v what_o you_o please_v yet_o take_v this_o observation_n that_o the_o dollar_n here_o be_v general_o light_a than_o in_o other_o part_n the_o reason_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o jew_n clip_v of_o they_o weight_n weight_n their_o common_a weight_n be_v a_o cantar_n or_o 100_o pound_n be_v about_o two_o pound_n big_a than_o our_o 112_o pound_n of_o england_n so_o that_o their_o pound_n weight_n have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v near_o 16_o ounce_n troy_n and_o produce_v in_o ligorn_n the_o common_a scale_n of_o passage_n from_o christendom_n 150_o pound_n this_o cantar_n contain_v 100_o pound_n each_o pound_n be_v divide_v into_o 16_o ounce_n and_o each_o ounce_n into_o 8_o tamin_n and_o hereby_o be_v weigh_v all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n except_o silver_n gold_n pearl_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v weigh_v by_o a_o carot_n weight_n and_o mitigals_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o another_o place_n more_o convenient_a in_o weigh_v of_o clove_n 5_o pound_n per_fw-la cantor_n be_v usual_o allow_v for_o tret_n and_o for_o nutmeg_n and_o pepper_n 5_o pound_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o tret_n and_o bag_n together_o length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o pike_n whereof_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o cloth-pike_n that_o be_v 26½_n inch_n english_a by_o which_o be_v measure_v all_o sort_n of_o woollen_a cloth_n and_o stuff_v by_o the_o second_o term_v the_o silk-pike_n which_o be_v a_o gray_a or_o 1_o 18_o part_n less_o than_o the_o cloth-pike_n be_v measure_v silk_n satin_n velvet_n and_o the_o like_a by_o the_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o linnen-pike_n be_v measure_v only_a linen_n and_o dimity_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v ¼_n part_v less_o than_o the_o silk-pike_n meaure_n dry_a meaure_n their_o dry_a measure_n be_v 1._o the_o coffice_n which_o contain_v about_o ten_o english_a bushel_n and_o do_v common_o hold_v out_o 5_o sack_n of_o ligorn_n and_o somewhat_o better_a second_o the_o weab_n 18_o whereof_o make_v a_o coffice_n and_o three_o the_o saw_n 12_o whereof_o make_v a_o weab_n measure_n liquid_a measure_n their_o liquid_a measure_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n the_o wine-meetar_a and_z the_o oyl-meetar_a the_o latter_a whereof_o be_v just_a twice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o former_a contain_v near_o five_o english_a gallon_n commodity_n commodity_n the_o principal_a commodity_n that_o this_o place_n do_v afford_v be_v hides_n wool_n wax_n honey_n oil_n corn_n date_n raisin_n anniseed_n ostrich_n feather_n and_o sponge_n etc._n etc._n the_o commodity_n vend_v here_o be_v english_a and_o venice_n cloth_n lead_v shot_n deal_v board_n perpetuanoe_n latten-plate_n sea_n horse_n tooth_n clove_n pepper_n ginger_n saffron_n cinnamon_n nutmeg_n tartar_n alum_n spanish_a wool_n sassaperilla_n cocheneel_v gold-thread_n di_fw-mi genoa_n cotton_n yarn_n and_o wool_n french_a canvas_n gumlock_n mad_a iron_n wire_n iron_n of_o bilbo_n genoa_n and_o venice_n paper_n damask_n and_o satin_n of_o luca_n etc._n etc._n custom_n custom_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o country_n upon_o all_o 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cent_n gonsolage_n 5_o per_fw-la cent_n provision_n and_o brokerage_n and_o about_o 1_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o petty_a charge_n custom_n on_o good_n export_v except_v hide_n wax_n and_o wool_n which_o pay_v no_o custom_n be_v 5_o per_fw-la cent_n commodity_n contrabanda_a commodity_n all_o edible_a thing_n as_o corn_n pease_n bean_n oil_n butter_n honey_n date_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a be_v contrabanda_a commodity_n yet_o not_o seldom_o by_o the_o help_n of_o present_n licence_n may_v be_v procure_v for_o transportation_n thereof_o importation_n of_o all_o good_n be_v allow_v of_o to_o conclude_v this_o place_n be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n for_o commerce_n vend_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o good_n wherewith_o have_v for_o some_o year_n pass_v be_v glut_v this_o market_n be_v soon_o over-cloyed_n have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v little_a benefit_n to_o the_o late_a trader_n and_o less_o encouragement_n to_o the_o english_a factory_a who_o if_o more_o than_o one_o 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island_n and_o into_o sundry_a other_o country_n border_v upon_o the_o ocean_n in_o it_o be_v account_v eighty_o thousand_o soul_n the_o utmost_a part_n of_o they_o live_v by_o piracy_n merchandize_v be_v not_o much_o in_o use_n in_o this_o city_n yet_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v find_v to_o detest_v this_o common_a ill-gotten_a gain_n by_o piracy_n and_o theft_n and_o these_o be_v observe_v to_o maintain_v some_o trade_n with_o other_o nation_n along_o the_o coast_n what_o point_v necessary_a thereto_o according_a as_o i_o note_v there_o in_o 1619._o i_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o and_o first_o their_o commodity_n vend_v thence_o to_o foreign_a part_n be_v such_o as_o follow_v aâ—gier_n commodity_n of_o aâ—gier_n the_o commodity_n this_o kingdom_n afford_v be_v barbary_n horse_n ostrich_n feather_n honey_n wax_n raisin_n fig_n date_n oil_n almond_n castille_n soap_n brass_n copper_n and_o some_o drug_n and_o last_o excellent_a piratical_a rascal_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o poor_a miserable_a christian_a captive_n of_o all_o nation_n too_o too_o many_o god_n give_v they_o comfort_n patience_n and_o release_v in_o due_a time_n if_o it_o be_v his_o bless_a will._n argier_n coin_n of_o argier_n their_o coin_n pass_v current_n here_o in_o trade_n be_v the_o double_a which_o be_v account_v to_o hold_v correspondence_n in_o value_n with_o the_o english_a shilling_n or_o rather_o two_o spanish_a rial_n single_a four_o double_v be_v 1_o â„ž_o â—_o 8_o call_v there_o a_o osian_a five_o double_v and_o 35_o asper_n be_v a_o pistolet_n of_o spain_n seven_o double_v be_v account_v a_o sultany_n or_o chequeen_n the_o common_a piece_n of_o gold_n find_v current_a in_o all_o barbary_n fifty_o asper_n be_v account_v to_o make_v a_o double_a and_o these_o be_v the_o usual_a coin_n passable_a in_o all_o this_o coast_n belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n argier_n weight_n of_o argier_n the_o 100_o l._n or_o rotolos_n here_o be_v 120_o l._n
land_n sometime_o win_v and_o sometime_o lose_v according_a to_o both_o their_o force_n and_o fortune_n in_o all_o their_o occasion_n add_v violence_n to_o trade_n trade_v peaceable_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o choose_v and_o rob_v and_o pilfer_v when_o and_o where_o they_o can_v otherwise_o make_v up_o their_o mouth_n to_o profit_n in_o which_o practice_n of_o trade_n and_o thievery_n or_o thievish_a trade_n i_o leave_v they_o and_o those_o island_n and_o come_v next_o to_o java_n chap._n civ_o of_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o javas_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o in_o this_o tract_n be_v find_v java_n major_a and_o java_n minor_a the_o great_a be_v in_o compass_n 3000_o and_o the_o lesser_a 2000_o mile_n the_o nearness_n of_o these_o two_o island_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v these_o country_n so_o wonderful_a fertile_a that_o they_o be_v term_v the_o epitome_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a city_n here_o be_v palauban_n mega_n pegar_o agaim_n and_o ballambua_n and_o in_o the_o lesser_a java_n bosnia_n samara_n limbri_n and_o other_o but_o their_o principal_a trade_n be_v drive_v at_o sunda_n calapa_n bantam_n jacatra_n now_o baptize_v by_o the_o dutch_a batavia_n and_o last_o japarra_n in_o which_o three_o last_n the_o english_a have_v residence_n and_o factory_n island_n commodity_n of_o java_n island_n the_o commodity_n of_o these_o island_n be_v rice_n in_o abundance_n ox_n kine_n hog_n sheep_n indian_a nut_n and_o all_o provision_n for_o food_n also_o all_o kind_n of_o spice_n as_o clove_n nutmeg_n and_o mace_n which_o the_o native_a merchant_n transport_v to_o malacca_n and_o other_o neighbour_a island_n in_o great_a measure_n also_o pepper_n in_o great_a quantity_n esteem_v far_o better_a than_o that_o of_o india_n or_o malabar_n principal_o grow_v about_o the_o strait_n of_o sunda_n of_o which_o there_o be_v yearly_o lade_v hence_o about_o ten_o thousand_o quintal_n english_a it_o have_v also_o much_o frankincense_n benjamin_n camphora_n also_o diamond_n and_o many_o other_o precious_a stone_n which_o be_v find_v therein_o javas_n commodity_n of_o india_n fit_a for_o javas_n the_o fit_a and_o most_o proper_a commodity_n for_o these_o island_n trade_n be_v divers_a and_o different_a sort_n and_o colour_n of_o cotton_n linen_n which_o be_v make_v at_o cambaia_n cormandel_n and_o bengala_n call_v serass_n sarampurus_n cassus_fw-la sateposas_fw-la black_a cannequin_n red_a turrias_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o sort_n find_v make_v in_o the_o place_n abovesaid_a jacatra_n batavia_n alias_o jacatra_n here_o the_o hollander_n be_v find_v to_o be_v master_n of_o jacatra_n of_o late_a year_n call_v by_o they_o batavia_n the_o best_a and_o great_a port_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o rendezvous_n in_o these_o part_n where_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o have_v so_o fortify_v themselves_o that_o they_o prescribe_v law_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o endeavour_v to_o debar_v both_o english_a and_o all_o other_o from_o enjoy_v any_o benefit_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o jacatra_n coin_n current_a in_o java_n sunda_fw-la bantam_n jacatra_n in_o sunda_fw-la which_o i_o account_v here_o as_o the_o principal_a mart_n town_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o great_a in_o java_n major_a they_o have_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n than_o certain_a copper_n piece_n mint_v which_o they_o call_v caixa_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v a_o hole_n to_o hang_v they_o on_o string_n for_o common_o they_o put_v 200_o or_o a_o 1000_o upon_o one_o string_n wherewith_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o by_o this_o follow_a account_n a_o satta_n be_v 200_o caixas_n five_o satta_n be_v 1000_o caixa_n which_o be_v a_o crusado_n portugal_n money_n or_o about_o 6_o shilling_n sterling_a jacatra_n account_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n the_o merchant_n of_o europe_n here_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o and_o penny_n account_v 60_o penny_n to_o the_o â„ž_o â—_o â—_o spanish_a sunda_fw-la weight_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la the_o weight_n at_o bantam_n jacatra_n japarra_n and_o at_o sunda_fw-la be_v the_o picul_n the_o cattee_n and_o babar_n a_o cattee_n being_n less_o than_o the_o cattee_n of_o maccau_n contain_v but_o 20_o ounce_n english_a and_o the_o other_o 20_o ¾_n ounce_n a_o picul_n be_v 100_o cattee_n and_o consequent_o be_v 125_o l._n english_a a_o bahar_n be_v 330_o cattee_n of_o china_n of_o 20_o ounce_n as_o abovesaid_a and_o may_v make_v in_o england_n 412_o l._n sunda_fw-la measure_n in_o java_n bantam_n jacatra_n japatra_n sunda_fw-la their_o measure_n for_o length_n be_v their_o dry_a measure_n for_o grain_n rice_n and_o pepper_n be_v a_o timbam_fw-la and_o contain_v ten_o sack_n principal_o use_v in_o pepper_n and_o rice_n consist_v of_o five_o picul_n so_o that_o by_o this_o computation_n each_o sack_n shall_v contain_v in_o weight_n 62½_n l._n english_a two_o sack_n for_o a_o picul_n javas_n price_n of_o commodity_n in_o javas_n the_o common_a price_n of_o commodity_n as_o i_o find_v they_o here_o observe_v be_v pepper_n of_o sunda_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o sack_n weigh_v ½_n a_o picul_n or_o 45_o cattee_n of_o china_n each_o cattee_n be_v 20_o ounce_n at_o 5000_o caixa_n and_o when_o it_o be_v at_o high_a at_o 6_o or_o 7000_o caixa_n mace_n clove_n nutmeg_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n and_o camphora_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o bahar_n good_a mace_n common_o sell_v for_o 120_o thousand_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n and_o good_a clove_n after_o the_o same_o rate_n but_o bad_a and_o foul_a clove_n be_v sell_v at_o 70_o or_o 80000_o caixa_n the_o bahar_n nutmeg_n common_o sell_v for_o 20_o or_o 25_o thousand_o caixa'_v the_o bahar_n white_a and_o black_a benjamin_n sell_v for_o 150_o or_o 180_o thousand_o caixa_n and_o if_o extraordinary_a good_a 200_o thousand_o the_o bahar_n but_o how_o far_o these_o agree_v with_o the_o now_o common_a current_a rate_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o better_o experience_v chap._n cv_o of_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o summatra_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o summatra_n ancient_o traprobana_n and_o solomon_n suppose_v ophir_n be_v esteem_v the_o big_a island_n in_o the_o world_n but_o modern_a experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a be_v only_o 700_o mile_n long_o and_o 200_o mile_n broad_a summatra_n commodity_n of_o the_o island_n summatra_n the_o aequator_fw-la cut_v through_o it_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n vicinity_n make_v it_o abound_v in_o several_a precious_a commodity_n for_o traffic_n as_o first_o it_o have_v pepper_n in_o abundance_n whereof_o above_o twenty_o ship_n of_o burden_n be_v hence_o yearly_o lade_v also_o ginger_n alces_fw-la cassia_n raw_a silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n brass_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n this_o island_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o prince_n the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o king_n of_o pedor_n and_o achin_n it_o be_v here_o a_o custom_n that_o the_o native_n do_v eat_v their_o slay_a enemy_n and_o do_v erst_o account_v their_o skull_n for_o a_o great_a treasure_n which_o they_o exchange_v for_o other_o necessary_n he_o be_v account_v the_o rich_a man_n that_o have_v most_o store_n of_o they_o in_o his_o house_n this_o custom_n be_v almost_o extinguish_v for_o the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n from_o other_o country_n thither_o of_o late_a year_n have_v bring_v silver_n and_o gold_n in_o request_n among_o they_o have_v make_v they_o since_o know_v better_o summatra_n rarity_n find_v in_o summatra_n in_o this_o island_n be_v find_v a_o hill_n of_o brimstone_n continual_o burn_v and_o two_o very_a strange_a and_o admirable_a fountain_n the_o one_o yield_v pure_a and_o excellent_a balsamum_n and_o the_o other_o most_o excellent_a oil_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o island_n be_v daren_n pasen_n and_o androgede_o the_o habitation_n of_o so_o many_o king_n java_n achin_n tico_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n english_a factory_n in_o java_n but_o the_o principal_a place_n and_o part_n for_o trade_n know_v to_o the_o european_n be_v dachem_n or_o achin_n ticko_n jambe_n and_o priaman_n all_o maritime_a and_o good_a harbour_n where_o the_o english_a be_v find_v to_o have_v residence_n and_o factory_n also_o pedir_n campar_n and_o manancabo_n to_o the_o which_o the_o portugal_n general_o do_v trade_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n transport_v the_o native_a commedity_n of_o this_o their_o island_n to_o malucca_n which_o be_v not_o distant_a above_o twenty_o mile_n off_o be_v not_o much_o trouble_v with_o the_o portugal_n commerce_n though_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o the_o dutch_a have_v of_o late_o get_v footing_n and_o build_v fortress_n to_o their_o as_o great_a trouble_n vexation_n and_o slavery_n etc._n coin_n current_a in_o summatra_n achin_n priaman_n etc._n etc._n within_o these_o few_o year_n these_o islander_n be_v not_o know_v to_o have_v any_o coin_n current_a in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n among_o they_o but_o the_o skull_n of_o their_o slay_a enemy_n
great_a nation_n but_o my_o ignorance_n herein_o do_v silence_v i_o therefore_o it_o shall_v content_v i_o to_o have_v survey_v it_o in_o the_o general_n and_o to_o have_v leave_v behind_o i_o what_o observation_n i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o collect_v of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trader_n of_o those_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n and_o country_n know_v that_o their_o strange_a custom_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o law_n and_o government_n debar_v all_o easy_a access_n into_o their_o dominion_n and_o what_o other_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o see_v i_o must_v not_o dare_v to_o offer_v to_o recount_v to_o conclude_v then_o have_v thus_o run_v over_o and_o survey_v the_o general_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n of_o asia_n i_o will_v now_o turn_v myself_o towards_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o this_o work_n and_o as_o the_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o the_o best_a repute_v of_o we_o of_o europe_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cx_o of_o europe_n the_o last_o division_n of_o the_o world_n here_o handle_v and_o the_o kingdom_n thereof_o part_n europe_n 15_o part_n europe_n which_o i_o have_v willing_o omit_v as_o last_v and_o principal_a come_v now_o to_o be_v survey_v that_o the_o trade_n thereof_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v in_o her_o particular_a province_n and_o city_n shall_v be_v in_o prerogative_n of_o worth_a the_o chief_a and_o first_o but_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n i_o show_v the_o best_a last_n and_o the_o worst_a first_o europe_n then_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o province_n and_o island_n 1_o spain_n 2_o france_n 3_o italy_n 4_o belgia_n 5_o germany_n 6_o denmark_n 7_o norway_n 8_o sweden_n 9_o muscovia_n 10_o poland_n 11_o hungary_n 12_o dacia_n 13_o slavonia_n 14_o graecia_n the_o island_n of_o europe_n be_v disperse_v through_o these_o sea_n 1_o greek_a sea_n 2_o egean_a sea_n 3_o cretan_a sea_n 4_o ionian_a sea_n 5_o adriatic_a sea_n 6_o mediterranean_a sea_n 7_o british_a sea_n 8_o northern_a sea_n of_o all_o which_o in_o order_n and_o of_o each_o of_o these_o division_n in_o order_n chap._n cxi_o of_o spain_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o spain_n spain_n spain_n the_o most_o western_a continent_n of_o europe_n be_v environ_v on_o all_o side_n with_o the_o sea_n except_o towards_o france_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o pyrenaean_a mountain_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o pampelona_n on_o the_o northwest_n and_o perpignan_n on_o the_o southeast_n spain_n commodity_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v for_o merchandise_n be_v wine_n sugar_n oil_n metal_n liquorish_a rice_n silk_n wool_n cork_n rosin_n steel_n orange_n lemon_n raisin_n almond_n etc._n etc._n anniseed_n anchovy_n soda_fw-it barillia_fw-la fig_n tunny-fish_n iron_n shumack_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n hony_n wax_n etc._n etc._n spain_n be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o province_n which_o former_o be_v petty_a kingdom_n viz._n 1._o leon_n &_o oviedo_n 2._o navarre_n 3._o corduba_n 4._o gallicia_n 5._o biscay_n 6._o toledo_n 7._o murâ—ia_n 8._o castille_n 9_o portugal_n 10_o valentia_n 11._o catalonia_n 12._o arragon_n of_o which_o in_o order_n with_o their_o city_n of_o note_n and_o traffic_v 2._o leon_n 1_o oviedo_n 2._o in_o leon_n and_o oviedo_n i_o find_v no_o city_n of_o trade_n memorable_a the_o city_n of_o leon_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o be_v the_o principality_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o spain_n under_o the_o name_n of_o asturiaâ—_n 2._o navarra_n 2._o in_o navarre_n be_v of_o note_n the_o city_n of_o pampelona_n famous_a for_o her_o fortification_n and_o not_o for_o her_o negotiation_n 4._o corduba_n 4._o corduba_n be_v account_v the_o most_o fertile_a soil_n of_o all_o spain_n and_o have_v corduba_n for_o a_o principal_a city_n from_o whence_o come_v that_o excellent_a cordovant_n leather_n know_v to_o we_o 2._o marchena_n a_o principal_a breeder_n of_o the_o best_a genets_n in_o spain_n also_o 3._o medina_n sidonia_n who_o duke_n be_v principal_a commander_n of_o that_o pretend_a invincible_a armado_n 1588._o also_o lucardi_n barameda_n a_o great_a haven-town_n xere_n which_o yield_v the_o wine_n know_v sherry_n sack_n because_o the_o spaniard_n be_v find_v to_o pronounce_v x_o as_o sh_n in_o english_a and_o also_o sevil_n which_o require_v according_a to_o my_o method_n for_o her_o worth_n and_o eminency_n of_o trade_n a_o chapter_n by_o itself_o chap._n xciii_o of_o sevil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o sevil_n be_v account_v the_o fair_a city_n of_o all_o spain_n in_o compass_n six_o mile_n environ_v with_o beautiful_a wall_n and_o adorn_v with_o many_o stately_a building_n as_o palace_n church_n and_o monastery_n one_o whereof_o be_v endow_v with_o 25000_o crown_n annual_a rent_n the_o river_n baetis_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n yet_o join_v by_o a_o stately_a bridge_n from_o hence_o the_o spaniard_n set_v out_o towards_o the_o western_a india_n and_o hither_o return_v again_o to_o unlade_v the_o riches_n of_o those_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o principal_o be_v find_v to_o be_v silver_n tobacco_n ginger_n cotton_n sugar_n brasil_n and_o ferinand_n bucquewood_n and_o some_o drug_n here_o be_v 30000_o geneâ—s_n maintain_v continual_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o service_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n be_v of_o that_o greatness_n that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o town_n only_o be_v worth_a unto_o the_o king_n half_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n yearly_a and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o sevil_n be_v hold_v so_o rich_a that_o his_o rend_a amount_n to_o 100000_o crown_n yearly_a and_o have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n 2000_o small_a village_n and_o consequent_o in_o his_o whole_a diocese_n 2000_o benefice_n beside_o friary_n nunnery_n and_o hospital_n and_o esteem_v the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o he_o of_o toledo_n the_o rarity_n of_o this_o place_n i_o willing_o omit_v as_o well_o know_v to_o out_o nation_n madera_n account_n keep_v in_o sevil_n and_o madera_n in_o sevil_n madera_n etc._n etc._n the_o merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n by_o marvedy_n of_o which_o 375_o be_v esteem_v to_o make_v a_o ducat_n of_o exx_n o_o 11_o rial_n every_o rial_n be_v 37_o mal._n and_o so_o be_v but_o 374_o mal._n but_o our_o english_a there_o resident_a keep_v their_o account_n in_o rial_n of_o 34._o mal._n the_o rial_n sevil_n coin_n of_o sevil_n their_o current_a money_n be_v these_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n of_o sevil_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n account_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n sterl_n a_o rial_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a in_o sevil_n 34_o marvedy_n and_o be_v so_o worth_a throughout_o all_o spain_n which_o be_v account_v 6_o d._n sterling_a money_n a_o dobra_n current_n be_v worth_a of_o carlin_n money_n â—1_n â—7_n marvedy_n every_o 1000_o dobras_n be_v 80_o v._o 883_o marvedy_n and_o be_v account_v in_o merchandise_n 71_o mar._n and_o be_v worth_a in_o valentia_n at_o even_a hand_n 4_o sold._n 7._o den._n 1_o 10_o of_o valentia_n money_n without_o charge_n of_o exch._n a_o dobra_n of_o castille_n be_v worth_a 375_o marvedy_n or_o be_v above_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n a_o castilian_a of_o merchandise_n be_v worth_a 485_o marvedy_n about_o 7_o s._n star_z vide_fw-la money_n in_o castille_n current_n in_o all_o spain_n sevil._n exchange_n in_o sevil._n their_o exx_n o_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o imaginary_a ducat_n of_o 375_o mar._n payable_a in_o banco_n with_o five_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o banco_n salary_n or_o without_o the_o banco_n to_o be_v pay_v without_o the_o same_o and_o this_o ducat_n be_v common_o term_v ducato_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr peso_fw-mi and_o be_v worth_a as_o above_o 375_o marvedy_n in_o sevil_n they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o follow_v if_o you_o say_v in_o ducat_n di_fw-it oro_fw-la oâ—_n de_fw-fr castilia_n upon_o banco_n those_o be_v then_o pay_v in_o banco_n without_o loss_n at_o all_o but_o if_o you_o say_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o so_o many_o ducat_n doro_n in_o pistolet_n forth_o of_o banco_n they_o will_v pay_v in_o the_o say_a money_n but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o pay_v in_o carlins_n it_o will_v cost_v ½_n and_o sometime_o ¾_n per_fw-la centum_fw-la loss_n but_o because_o i_o have_v at_o large_a in_o the_o tract_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o chapter_n 294_o and_o 426_o treat_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o i_o will_v to_o avoid_v repetition_n refer_v the_o reader_n thereunto_o for_o further_a and_o ample_a satisfaction_n sevil._n weight_n of_o sevil._n there_o be_v use_v in_o sevil_n three_o weight_n or_o kintars_n as_o first_o the_o small_a which_o comprehend_v 112_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 28_o pound_n a_o rove_n the_o next_o be_v of_o 120_o l._n of_o four_o rove_n of_o 30_o l._n to_o a_o rove_n the_o
etc._n etc._n which_o the_o english_a fetch_n from_o they_o in_o great_a abundance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v of_o late_a year_n observe_v that_o the_o planter_n of_o these_o fruit_n and_o their_o wine_n merchant_n have_v by_o our_o overgreedy_a purchase_n of_o these_o commodity_n raise_v to_o themselves_o fair_a estate_n two_o thing_n i_o observe_v during_o my_o abode_n here_o that_o be_v great_a let_n and_o impediment_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o one_o be_v the_o banishment_n of_o the_o moor_n that_o here_o in_o great_a number_n inhabit_a who_o painful_o and_o industrious_o manure_v their_o land_n and_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o thrifty_a live_n raise_v to_o their_o landlord_n and_o to_o themselves_o good_a and_o great_a estate_n the_o which_o now_o for_o many_o thousand_o thousand_o acre_n lie_v waste_v and_o desolate_a whole_a town_n and_o village_n be_v depopulate_v and_o the_o lord_n castle_n and_o manor_n appear_v ruin_v and_o decay_a want_v the_o pain_n of_o these_o poor_a people_n that_o give_v their_o lord_n and_o lordship_n mean_n of_o subsistency_n the_o second_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o many_o genoa_n merchant_n among_o they_o who_o be_v find_v in_o good_a number_n to_o abide_v in_o every_o good_a city_n especial_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n who_o skill_n and_o acuteness_n in_o trade_n far_o surpass_v the_o natural_a spaniard_n or_o portugal_n and_o who_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o wealth_n and_o continual_a practice_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o devour_v that_o bread_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v otherwise_o be_v sufficient_o say_v with_o and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v ever_o engage_v to_o their_o commonwealth_n for_o great_a and_o vast_a sum_n at_o interest_n he_o be_v their_o debtor_n not_o only_o for_o their_o money_n but_o a_o so_o for_o their_o favour_n which_o by_o many_o immunity_n throughout_o his_o kingdom_n he_o be_v find_v continual_o to_o requite_v they_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o genoa_n merchant_n resident_a in_o spain_n in_o any_o part_n but_o have_v a_o particular_a licence_n to_o export_v the_o rial_n and_o plate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o a_o certain_a round_a sum_n yearly_o which_o they_o seldom_o use_v real_o to_o do_v but_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v their_o return_n in_o plate_n for_o want_v of_o other_o more_o beneficial_a commodity_n which_o for_o the_o certain_a profit_n it_o be_v find_v ever_o to_o yield_v in_o other_o country_n be_v often_o prefer_v before_o all_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o hindrance_n i_o may_v add_v hereto_o which_o be_v though_o current_a coin_n wherein_o all_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o buy_v for_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n base_a and_o of_o copper_n and_o brass_n which_o to_o convert_v into_o rial_n and_o good_a money_n be_v find_v to_o cost_v the_o change_n in_o some_o place_n 5_o in_o some_o 10_o in_o some_o 15_o in_o some_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o be_v the_o first_o penny_n the_o great_a custom_n also_o pay_v in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o a_o great_a let_v and_o hinderer_n of_o trade_n in_o general_a which_o wherefoever_o the_o same_o be_v by_o the_o sovereign_n levy_v will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o insensible_o devour_v and_o consume_v a_o flourish_a traffic_n and_o enforce_v the_o suffer_a merchant_n either_o total_o to_o give_v over_o or_o bend_v his_o trade_n where_o he_o shall_v find_v the_o burden_n thereof_o light_a and_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v bear_v and_o endure_v now_o as_o for_o commodity_n which_o other_o nation_n be_v find_v to_o bring_v unto_o they_o and_o of_o which_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n partly_o to_o supply_v their_o own_o necessity_n and_o partly_o to_o maintain_v their_o west-india_n traffic_n as_o this_o england_n bring_v they_o great_a store_n of_o newlandish_a fish_n irish_a salmon_n pilchard_n herring_n lead_v tin_n calves-skin_n bays_n say_v serge_n and_o other_o english_a manufacture_n and_o in_o return_n have_v only_o thence_o wine_n fruit_n oil_n some_o indigo_n and_o sugar_n ginger_n and_o the_o like_a india_n commodity_n east_n country_n furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n cordage_n mast_n pitch_n tar_n rosin_n fir-board_n and_o other_o timber_n and_o only_o return_v thence_o the_o commodity_n abovenamed_a only_o it_o be_v ever_o lawful_a to_o he_o that_o bring_v corn_n to_o carry_v out_o rial_n of_o plate_n in_o return_n thereof_o france_n send_v they_o corn_n linen_n paper_n and_o some_o petty_a manufacture_n and_o return_v thence_o plate_n wine_n fruit_n and_o some_o india_n spice_n italy_n afford_v they_o some_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v in_o return_v some_o raw_a silk_n segovia_n wool_n barillia_fw-la and_o such_o like_a and_o herein_o be_v comprehend_v the_o general_a traffic_n of_o spain_n at_o this_o time_n so_o pass_v the_o pyrenaean_n i_o will_v enter_v into_o france_n chap._n cxxii_o of_o france_n and_o the_o province_n and_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o france_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o france_n be_v account_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o it_o be_v the_o best_a that_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o help_n of_o other_o it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o british_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o aquitain_n sea_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n east_n with_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o a_o imaginary_a line_n draw_v from_o strasburg_n to_o callais_n france_n commodity_n of_o france_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n to_o her_o neighbour_n three_o natural_a notable_a commodity_n corn_n wine_n and_o salt_n the_o farm_n of_o salt_n only_o yearly_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n coffin_n 100000_o crown_n beside_o which_o it_o yield_v oil_n almond_n soap_n canvas_n coral_n paper_n wool_n linen_n fine_a and_o course_n nut_n beef_n and_o of_o late_a some_o stuff_n and_o cloth_n make_v of_o woollen_a etc._n etc._n there_o be_v reckon_v in_o this_o kingdom_n 25_o province_n the_o notable_a city_n of_o traffic_n find_v therein_o i_o shall_v orderly_o handle_v aquitania_n aquitania_n the_o first_o province_n be_v aquitain_n wherein_o be_v sound_v the_o note_a city_n of_o tholousa_n bourdeaâ—…_n and_o rochel_n of_o which_o a_o word_n in_o brief_a chap._n cxxiii_o of_o tholousa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o tholausa_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o tholousa_n be_v the_o parliament_n seat_n of_o aquitain_n and_o stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n gurâ—…_n which_o hence_o run_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o bordeaux_n and_o blay_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v very_o plentiful_a in_o pastil_n or_o woad_n which_o hence_o be_v disperse_v into_o several_a country_n the_o country_n 〈◊〉_d afford_v any_o other_o notable_a commodity_n worth_n mention_v account_n coin_n and_o account_n their_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o throughout_o all_o france_n which_o in_o part_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v handle_v their_o account_n also_o here_o keep_v be_v as_o through_o all_o france_n in_o general_n in_o liver_n or_o frank_n soul_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o soul_n 20_o soul_n to_o a_o live_v or_o frank._n tholousa_n weight_n of_o tholousa_n the_o 100_o l._n or_o kintar_n of_o tholousa_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o woad_n for_o dyer_n to_z make_v in_o england_n 124_o l._n and_o the_o cargo_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v common_o sell_v to_o be_v 372_o l._n tholousa_n measure_n of_o tholousa_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o country_n be_v call_v the_o aulin_n and_o make_v in_o england_n 42_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n tholousa_n woad_n of_o tholousa_n note_v that_o in_o tholousa_n there_o be_v a_o cantar_n also_o of_o 112_o l._n which_o be_v in_o use_n in_o all_o other_o commodity_n woad_n except_v sell_v by_o the_o cargo_n as_o above_o be_v mention_v and_o be_v hence_o send_v to_o narbon_n and_o thence_o disperse_v into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n chap._n cxxiv_o of_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o burdeaux_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n geronde_v before_o mention_v plentiful_o abound_v in_o those_o wine_n which_o be_v white_a and_o claret_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n here_o be_v also_o near_o this_o city_n the_o little_a village_n of_o le_fw-fr greve_n which_o give_v name_n to_o those_o grave_a wine_n which_o we_o esteem_v so_o excellent_a and_o between_o this_o town_n and_o tholousa_n lie_v those_o rich_a ground_n which_o yield_v those_o sweet_a wine_n by_o we_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o high_a country_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bordeaux_n know_v
their_o worth_n will_v hinder_v the_o sale_n and_o exportation_n of_o they_o of_o that_o growth_n do_v therefore_o prohibit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v land_v or_o sell_v in_o their_o town_n till_o christmas_n day_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o then_o these_o high_a country_n merchant_n be_v more_o busy_a in_o land_v their_o wine_n than_o they_o be_v in_o attend_v their_o mass_n that_o gabor_n or_o light_a being_n ever_o account_v free_a of_o tax_n and_o custom_n that_o first_o set_v her_o head_n aground_o when_o their_o mass_n bell_n ring_n and_o then_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n for_o that_o day_n to_o come_v aboard_o she_o and_o be_v drink_v gratis_o here_o our_o english_a have_v have_v many_o privilege_n and_o be_v esteem_v as_o fellow_n citizen_n before_o all_o other_o stranger_n but_o our_o last_o war_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o rhee_n have_v make_v they_o here_o inferior_a to_o all_o other_o and_o now_o pay_v double_a their_o former_a custom_n upon_o wine_n which_o in_o courtesy_n to_o the_o dutch_a be_v abate_v they_o and_o lay_v on_o the_o english_a shoulder_n which_o may_v be_v remedy_v if_o his_o majesty_n please_v it_o be_v otherwise_o then_o for_o prune_n and_o wine_n a_o town_n of_o no_o great_a trade_n for_o little_a traffic_n be_v here_o else_o drive_v money_n only_o be_v hither_o remit_v to_o provide_v the_o same_o but_o no_o commodity_n else_o vendible_a of_o import_n in_o anno_fw-la 1611._o i_o here_o learned_a the_o french_a tongue_n after_o i_o have_v be_v for_o a_o while_n in_o rochel_n so_o i_o will_v note_v in_o brief_a what_o i_o observe_v thereupon_o in_o those_o my_o young_a day_n account_n money_n and_o account_n the_o money_n current_n and_o account_n keep_v be_v in_o liver_n sold._n denier_n as_o throughout_o all_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a king_n bordeaux_n weight_n of_o bordeaux_n their_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o weight_n of_o bordeaux_n be_v the_o pound_n 100_o whereof_o be_v the_o quintar_n which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 110_o l._n english_a and_o the_o 100_o l._n in_o london_n be_v 90¾_n l._n here_o bordeaux_n measure_n of_o bordeaux_n their_o common_a measure_n be_v a_o auln_v which_o be_v about_o english_a geron._n english_a subjection_n at_o blay_n upon_o the_o river_n geron._n from_o bordeaux_n i_o will_v pass_v by_o blay_n where_o i_o will_v only_o note_v a_o subjection_n of_o our_o english_a ship_n which_o here_o at_o their_o go_v up_o to_o bordeaux_n unlade_v all_o their_o artillery_n and_o arm_n which_o by_o many_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n have_v be_v covenant_v to_o be_v disuse_v yet_o the_o insolency_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o blay_n scorn_v the_o commandment_n of_o his_o sovereign_n and_o his_o treaty_n hold_v still_o the_o same_o in_o use_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o our_o merchant_n trade_v to_o bordeaux_n and_o now_o to_o rochel_n the_o place_n of_o my_o first_o education_n beyond_o sea_n chap._n cxxv_o of_o rochel_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rochel_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o rochel_n have_v be_v long_a time_n account_v the_o strong_a and_o best_a fortify_v city_n in_o france_n and_o be_v till_o of_o late_a year_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o protestant_n and_o be_v ever_o find_v as_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o they_o in_o their_o great_a danger_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o trade_n on_o the_o aquitain_n ocean_n the_o sea_n every_o tide_n flow_v into_o the_o city_n and_o carry_v thereinto_o ship_n of_o a_o reasonable_a burden_n within_o these_o late_a year_n the_o french_a king_n have_v besiege_v it_o and_o after_o a_o long_a siege_n starve_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v enforce_v the_o reduction_n therefore_o what_o trade_n it_o now_o have_v i_o be_o ignorant_a of_o but_o anno_fw-la 1611._o there_o be_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n as_o be_v the_o staple_n for_o all_o english_a commodity_n for_o these_o part_n of_o france_n their_o coin_n current_a and_o form_n of_o account_n be_v the_o same_o as_o throughout_o all_o france_n and_o their_o weight_n be_v these_o rochel_n weight_n of_o rochel_n the_o 100_o l._n of_o rochel_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 96_o l._n english_a and_o by_o observation_n in_o lion_n of_o poid_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr ville_fw-fr 94_o l._n rochel_n measure_v of_o rochel_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o auln_v common_a in_o name_n with_o all_o france_n but_o in_o many_o place_n be_v find_v to_o differ_v roak_v here_o 44_o inch_n english_a from_o england_n be_v send_v hither_o butter_n calves-skin_n herring_n new-found_a land-fish_a and_o some_o english_a manufacture_n of_o cloth_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o be_v return_v a_o small_a wine_n call_v a_o rochel_n wine_n but_o more_o proper_o cogniacke_n also_o salt_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o rhee_n oleron_n etc._n etc._n and_o some_o prune_n and_o other_o commodity_n poictu_fw-la poictu_fw-la poictou_n be_v the_o next_o province_n the_o principal_a city_n hereof_o be_v poitiers_n famous_a for_o the_o study_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o next_o to_o paris_n for_o greatness_n in_o all_o france_n but_o of_o no_o note_n in_o matter_n of_o trade_n anjou_n anjou_n anjou_n be_v the_o next_o yield_v the_o best_a wine_n in_o france_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v angiers_n and_o saumar_n the_o only_a protestant_a university_n in_o france_n main_fw-fr main_fw-fr main_a be_v the_o next_o the_o principal_a town_n be_v mans._n tourain_n tourain_n tourain_n be_v the_o next_o the_o principal_a city_n be_v blois_n ambois_n and_o tours_n famous_a for_o give_v a_o beginning_n to_o the_o protestant_n of_o france_n and_o which_o be_v note_v for_o many_o excellent_a fabric_n and_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n here_o daily_o make_v know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o taffeta_n plush_n and_o taby_n of_o tours_n britain_n britain_n britain_n be_v the_o next_o wherein_o be_v find_v nants_n for_o the_o situation_n pleasant_a rheims_n a_o parliament_n seat_n and_o last_o st._n malo_n seat_v commodious_o for_o trade_n upon_o the_o british_a ocean_n locram_n locram_n giberoy_n a_o great_a fair_a for_o these_o country_n and_o morlais_n afford_v that_o linen_n in_o great_a quantity_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o locram_n morlais_n st._n maloes_n and_o morlais_n st._n maloes_n and_o morlais_n comprehend_v these_o three_o know_a sort_n of_o dowlas_n tregar_o and_o grasscloth_n also_o noial_n for_o sail-cloth_n and_o some_o of_o other_o sort_n here_o daily_o buy_v up_o for_o ready_a money_n and_o hence_o disperse_v into_o spain_n england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n normandy_n normandy_n the_o next_o be_v normandy_n in_o which_o be_v find_v many_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n as_o be_v commodious_o seat_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o british_a ocean_n the_o chief_a be_v caen_n diep_n newhaven_n constance_n and_o last_o roven_n under_o the_o title_n whereof_o i_o shall_v comprehend_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o rest_n chap._n cxxvi_o of_o roven_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o normandy_n roven_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o normandy_n roven_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n sein_fw-fr and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o normandy_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n in_o france_n have_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n of_o all_o these_o northern_a kingdom_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o principal_a in_o france_n when_o exchange_n be_v use_v roven_n commodity_n of_o roven_n the_o commodity_n that_o be_v hence_o and_o out_o of_o normandy_n export_v be_v linen_n course_n and_o fine_a buckram_n paper_n card_n some_o wine_n and_o other_o petty_a manufacture_n the_o commodity_n send_v thither_o from_o england_n principal_o clothes_n of_o sundry_a country_n a_o kersey_n of_o devonshire_n and_o yorkshire_n bay_n of_o coxal_a cotton_n of_o wales_n and_o yorkshire_n and_o of_o late_a pepper_n gall_n cotton_n yarn_n and_o other_o turkey_n commodity_n also_o lead_v tin_n fish_n and_o some_o india_n commodity_n the_o note_n of_o trade_n observe_v there_o at_o my_o residence_n therein_o 1614_o i_o shall_v brief_o touch_v as_o then_o note_v the_o same_o roven_n money_n and_o acount_n in_o roven_n the_o money_n current_a and_o account_n keep_v be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o general_n use_v throughout_o france_n see_v far_o in_o paris_n roven_n weight_n in_o roven_n the_o king_n beam_n be_v here_o call_v the_o viconte_n which_o be_v 14_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o our_o english_a 112_o l._n and_o some_o have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v 10_o or_o 12_o l._n by_o which_o be_v weigh_v all_o commodity_n whatsoever_o but_o i_o have_v often_o find_v that_o the_o 112_o l._n english_a have_v make_v by_o viconte_n 98_o l._n and_o by_o commce_n beam_n 101_o l._n roven_n measure_n in_o roven_n the_o measure_n be_v here_o a_o auln_v by_o which_o all_o commodity_n of_o woollen_a and_o
east_n country_n and_o holland_n bring_v they_o cordage_n tar_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n and_o fir-timber_n and_o return_n wine_n from_o bourdeaux_n and_o paper_n canvas_n from_o roven_n and_o salt_n from_o ever_o be_v spain_n bring_v they_o foam_v spice_n and_o they_o return_v they_o corn_n and_o linen_n italy_n bring_v they_o some_o silk_n fabric_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o return_v they_o oil_n cloth_n linen_n and_o the_o like_a turkey_n afford_v they_o cotton_n wool_n raw_a silk_n cotton_n yarn_n hides_n sheep_n wool_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o send_v thither_o rial_n of_o plate_n woollen_a cloth_n and_o little_a else_o and_o this_o be_v the_o gross_a of_o the_o present_a trade_n of_o france_n chap._n cxxxvi_o of_o geneva_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o geneva_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o geneva_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n and_o whole_o in_o possession_n of_o protestant_n be_v a_o nursery_n of_o learning_n and_o withal_o no_o stepdame_n to_o trade_n it_o be_v seat_v commodious_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n rhme_n which_o within_o 16_o league_n after_o salute_v the_o wall_n of_o lion_n and_o serve_v out_o of_o switzerland_n to_o convey_v many_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n to_o it_o and_o to_o transport_v the_o same_o thence_o to_o lion_n valence_n avignion_n arles_n to_o provence_n and_o languedoc_n account_n coin_n in_o geneva_n and_o account_n their_o money_n be_v as_o in_o france_n and_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n turnois_n and_o here_o also_o be_v current_a the_o coin_n of_o the_o unite_a canton_n of_o swisser_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o savoy_n geneva_n weight_n of_o geneva_n the_o 100_o l._n here_o render_v in_o london_n 107_o l._n and_o by_o some_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o gross_a of_o venice_n and_o make_v of_o venice_n sotile_a 158â…”_n l._n incirca_fw-la geneva_n measure_n of_o geneva_n the_o stab_n render_v in_o london_n and_o 60_o ell_n here_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o venetia_n 100_o brace_n cloth-measure_n and_o 106_o brace_n silk-measure_n but_o it_o be_v time_n that_o i_o shall_v forsake_v these_o petty_a province_n and_o travel_n over_o the_o alps_o and_o come_v into_o italy_n which_o be_v my_o next_o task_n chap._n cxxxvii_o of_o italy_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o italy_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o italy_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o the_o ionian_a tyrrhenian_a and_o adriatic_a sea_n except_o it_o be_v towards_o france_n and_o germany_n from_o which_o it_o be_v part_v by_o the_o alps._n the_o country_n in_o general_n for_o merchandize_v yield_v rice_n silk_n velvet_n satin_n taffeta_n grogram_n rash_n bustian_n armour_n allom_n glass_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o i_o shall_v mention_v in_o the_o particular_a kingdom_n and_o province_n thereof_o italy_n have_v ever_o afford_v eminent_a and_o ingenious_a merchant_n yet_o such_o as_o merit_v not_o real_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o title_n because_o that_o their_o trade_n consist_v more_o in_o exchange_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o merchandize_v than_o in_o adventure_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a point_n which_o give_v the_o title_n to_o all_o bargainer_n it_o be_v a_o common_a speech_n though_o unmerchant-like_a yea_o unchristianlike_a among_o they_o that_o they_o be_v loath_a to_o trust_v god_n with_o their_o estate_n at_o sea_n when_o they_o may_v have_v the_o same_o safe_a on_o shore_n as_o if_o than_o it_o be_v out_o of_o his_o reach_n or_o protection_n italy_n be_v now_o divide_v into_o 10_o province_n which_o afford_v many_o principal_a city_n of_o trade_n which_o follow_v my_o intend_a method_n i_o will_v handle_v in_o order_n 1._o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n 2._o the_o papacy_n 3._o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venetia_n 4._o the_o dukedom_n of_o florence_n 5._o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n 6._o the_o dukedom_n of_o mantua_n 7._o the_o dukedom_n of_o urbino_n 8._o the_o principality_n of_o parma_n 9_o the_o state_n of_o genoa_n 10._o the_o state_n of_o lucca_n in_o each_o of_o which_o be_v find_v many_o notable_a town_n of_o traffic_n which_o as_o belong_v unto_o several_a prince_n will_v require_v a_o more_o particular_a survey_n than_o if_o otherwise_o it_o be_v command_v by_o one_o sole_a sovereign_n and_o first_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n chap._n cxxxviii_o of_o naples_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o thereof_o naples_n and_o the_o commodity_n thereof_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v account_v the_o rich_a of_o italy_n abound_v in_o several_a commodity_n for_o merchandize_v as_o in_o mine_n of_o divers_a metal_n in_o choice_n and_o rich_a wine_n in_o saffron_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v in_o oil_n brimstone_n anniseed_n argal_n etc._n etc._n here_o i_o have_v see_v one_o field_n yield_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n three_o several_a crop_n the_o ground_n bear_v corn_n have_v mulberry_n tree_n intermix_v and_o vine_n plant_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o each_o mulberry_n which_o have_v make_v excellent_a wine_n and_o this_o i_o have_v observe_v for_o twenty_o mile_n ride_v together_o on_o each_o haâ—d_a of_o the_o way_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v pleasant_a to_o the_o beholder_n and_o profitable_a to_o the_o enjoyeâ—_n and_o owner_n the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v divide_v into_o sundry_a province_n which_o i_o will_v only_o nominate_v as_o first_o lavoro_fw-it terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavoro_fw-it terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavoro_n wherein_o be_v find_v capua_n who_o pleasure_n do_v effeminate_a hannibal_n câ—…_n where_o one_o of_o the_o sibyl_n reside_v near_o which_o be_v lacus_n avernus_n the_o stink_n whereof_o kill_v bird_n as_o they_o fly_v over_o it_o baca_n nola_n and_o puteilo_n famous_a in_o time_n pass_v for_o many_o antiquite_v and_o bath_n which_o in_o anno_fw-la 1619._o i_o curious_o visit_v for_o divers_a day_n in_o search_n of_o shadow_n weight_n staio_n of_o gaeta_n be_v 43_o l._n of_o that_o weight_n the_o next_o principal_a town_n be_v gaeta_n well_o fortify_v by_o the_o spaniard_n and_o where_o buthe_n that_o ransack_v rome_n lie_v inter_v but_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v naples_n of_o which_o chap._n cxxxix_o of_o naples_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o naples_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o naples_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n once_o call_v parthenope_n and_o now_o neapolis_n fortify_v with_o foâ—_n strong_a castle_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o spaniard_n castle_n capedna_n castle_n ermo_n castle_n ouâ—_n aâ—…_n castle_n novo_fw-la it_o vent_v out_o of_o england_n bays_n say_v serge_n fustian_n lead_v tin_n pilchuâ—_n newland-fish_n red_a and_o white_a herring_n some_o cloth_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o consist_v mâ—…_n of_o gentry_n few_o eminent_a merchant_n native_n be_v here_o find_v the_o tax_n lay_v upon_o merchâ—dises_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o ruin_v all_o commerce_n yet_o what_o i_o observe_v here_o in_o anno_fw-la 1619._o i_o shalâ—_n relate_v naples_n coin_n of_o naples_n the_o current_a coin_n of_o naples_n where_o then_o a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n large_a be_v worth_a in_o naples_n 11½_n carlins_n a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n be_v worth_a only_a ten_o carlin_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 〈◊〉_d ducat_n of_o carlins_n one_o ounce_n be_v worth_a six_o ducat_n a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n be_v worth_a five_o tarry_v a_o tarry_v be_v worth_a 20_o grain_n a_o carlin_n be_v worth_a 10_o grain_n keep_v account_v keep_v their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o naples_n by_o ducat_n tarry_v and_o grain_n five_o tarry_v make_v a_o ducat_n and_o twenty_o grain_n a_o tarry_v but_o these_o be_v account_v ducat_n current_a every_o 110_o ducâ—_n current_n make_v 100_o ducat_n of_o gold_n naples_n weight_n of_o naples_n the_o weight_n of_o naples_n be_v the_o cantar_n and_o the_o 100_o their_o cantar_n of_o naples_n be_v 100_o râ—tolos_n which_o be_v 2_o l._n 9â…”_n ounce_n naples_n and_o by_o which_o they_o weigh_v all_o their_o gross_a good_n which_o be_v in_o florence_n 32_o ounce_n and_o 285_o l._n and_o be_v 196_o l._n averdupois_n but_o the_o 100_o l._n have_v be_v obseâ—…_n to_o produce_v in_o florence_n 90_o l._n in_o rome_n 93_o l._n in_o london_n 71_o l._n in_o lion_n 68_o l._n in_o venetia_n 106_o l._n ditto_n gross_a 82_o l._n 1._o l._n subtle_a be_v in_o venice_n subtle_a 15¼_n ounce_n 1._o l._n subtle_a be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 9_o ounce_n 58_o note_n that_o in_o gaeta_n be_v use_v another_o quintar_n for_o some_o commodity_n gross_a good_n which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v in_o legorn_n 254_o l._n and_o in_o naples_n all_o gross_a good_n be_v weigh_v by_o the_o great_a cantar_n and_o all_o fine_a good_n by_o the_o hundred_o naples_n measure_n in_o naples_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o cone_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n which_o be_v in_o florence_n after_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o 3â…œ_n brace_n just_a and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o these_o two_o
law_n it_o be_v seat_v within_o land_n and_o be_v well_o know_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n and_o have_v those_o money_n current_n that_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n stamp_n as_o i_o shall_v declare_v in_o rome_n bologna_n account_n in_o bologna_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o liver_n sold._n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o liver_n the_o liver_n may_v be_v account_v to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 13½_n d._n sterling_a money_n and_o some_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o duccatons_n sols_n and_o denier_n cast_v up_o by_o 12_o and_o by_o 20_o as_o above_o be_v say_v bologna_n weight_n of_o bologna_n their_o weight_n common_a in_o use_n be_v these_o their_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o make_v in_o london_n 80_o l._n rome_n 100_o  _fw-fr milan_n 106_o  _fw-fr florence_n 104_o  _fw-fr genoa_n 133_o  _fw-fr lion_n 77_o  _fw-fr venetia_n sot_n 120_o  _fw-fr venetia_n gr_fw-fr 75_o  _fw-fr 1000_o l._n in_o bologna_n have_v give_v in_o venetia_n subtle_a 1320_o l._n gross_a 750_o l._n so_o that_o the_o 1_o l._n have_v render_v their_o gross_a 9_o ounce_n subtle_a 14_o ounce_n 2½_n sach_n bologna_n measure_n in_o bologna_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n and_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o 25_o inch_n english_a 100_o brace_n here_o have_v make_v in_o venetia_n cloth-measure_n 96_o brace_n and_o of_o silk_n 90_o brace_n corn._n corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o corbe_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 92_o staios_n in_o venetia_n and_o 100_o corbes_n in_o wine_n make_v amfora_n venetiana_fw-la 12_o and_o 2_o quarter_n and_o in_o dry_a measure_n 17_o quarter_n and_o in_o london_n gallon_n bologna_n commodity_n of_o bologna_n from_o hence_o be_v accustom_v to_o come_v to_o other_o part_n corn_n almond_n oil_n raw_a silk_n and_o sundry_a sort_n of_o wrought_a satin_n taffetaes_n and_o other_o call_v hence_o bologna_n silk_n and_o of_o bologna_n make_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o place_n here_o be_v find_v many_o eminent_a exchange_n the_o course_n of_o which_o exchange_v you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n here_o practise_v vide_fw-la chapter_n 296._o chap._n cxliv_o of_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ferrara_n be_v the_o next_o principal_a city_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o circuit_n famous_a for_o the_o iron_n mine_n about_o it_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n po_n and_o account_v one_o of_o the_o pleasant_a city_n in_o italy_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n thereof_o be_v a_o fair_a green_n into_o which_o open_a about_o twenty_o street_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o so_o even_a and_o uniform_a that_o thence_o the_o utmost_a end_n thereof_o may_v be_v discern_v it_o afford_v wine_n oil_n olive_n iron_n steel_n and_o some_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n the_o money_n be_v as_o at_o rome_n to_o which_o this_o city_n appertain_v admit_v but_o of_o very_a little_a difference_n in_o the_o rate_n current_n thereof_o ferrara_n weight_n of_o ferrara_n the_o quintal_n of_o ferrara_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o make_v venetia_n sot_n 112½_n l._n and_o venetia_n gr_n 72_o l._n in_o london_n incirca_fw-la 75_o l._n averdupois_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n sutt_n venice_n make_v here_o 87_o l._n and_o the_o 100_o l._n gr_n 138_o l._n ferrara_n measure_n of_o ferrara_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 100_o brace_n make_v in_o london_n 72_o yard_n their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o mastello_n 11_o whereof_z make_v a_o amfora_n of_o venetia_n and_o be_v in_o england_n vide_fw-la london_n their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 100_o stare_v make_v in_o venetia_n 37_o star_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o ferrara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cxlv_o of_o modena_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o modena_n modena_n modena_n be_v the_o next_o city_n seat_v in_o this_o tract_n yield_v many_o fabric_n of_o silk_n which_o it_o disperse_v to_o its_o neighbour_a to_n modena_n account_n in_o modena_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sold_n denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr modena_n weight_n in_o modena_n their_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o render_v in_o lion_n 77_o l._n london_n 72_o l._n venetia_n sotile_a 109_o l._n venetia_n gross_a 72_o l._n florence_n 98_o l._n modena_n measure_n in_o modena_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o same_o as_o in_o mantua_n and_o 1_o per_fw-la cent._n long_o than_o the_o brace_n of_o ferrâ—ra_n and_o by_o observation_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o modena_n have_v make_v 118_o in_o florence_n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o staro_n 100_o whereof_o make_v 93_o or_o 94_o stare_v in_o venetia_n and_o one_o staio_n of_o modena_n have_v make_v 2½_n staios_n in_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n three_o quart_n and_o six_o quarterol_n chap._n cxlvi_o of_o rimno_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rimno_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o rimno_fw-la ancient_o ariminum_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n rubicon_n afford_v much_o silk_n which_o it_o partly_o send_v abroad_o and_o partly_o convert_v here_o into_o stuff_n also_o some_o wine_n oil_n corn_n the_o coin_n current_a as_o in_o rome_n as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o papacy_n and_o the_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o their_o same_o denomination_n weight_n weight_n the_o quintal_n be_v the_o 100_o l._n which_o make_v in_o london_n 81_o l._n and_o some_o have_v make_v experience_n that_o it_o make_v in_o venice_n gross_a 76._o measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n and_o be_v in_o london_n 27_o inch_n bare_a their_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 100_o make_v 210_o in_o venetia_n and_o their_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o some_o which_o make_v in_o london_n 10_o gallon_n chap._n cxlvii_o of_o ravenna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ravenna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ravenna_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n and_o once_o beautify_v with_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a hauâ—…_n in_o the_o world_n where_o augustus_n caesar_n always_o keep_v a_o navy_n mane_v to_o defend_v these_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n now_o choke_v up_o with_o mud_n and_o rubbish_n the_o neighbourhood_n of_o venetia_n which_o senator_n have_v as_o well_o follow_v mercury_n by_o merchandize_v as_o mars_n by_o arm_n keep_v this_o city_n from_o any_o notable_a commerce_n yet_o i_o will_v note_v what_o i_o have_v observe_v hereupon_o both_o in_o matter_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n ravenna_n weight_n of_o ravenna_n the_o quintal_n of_o ravenna_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o give_v venetia_n sotile_a 118_o l._n in_o london_n 78_o l._n and_o the_o gross_a 100_o l._n of_o venetia_n make_v here_o 133_o l._n ravenna_n measure_n of_o ravenna_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n be_v here_o 112_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n in_o venice_n be_v here_o 106._o corn_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o stare_v 100_o whereof_o make_v in_o venice_n 66â…”_n staio_n so_o that_o 3_o staros_n raveâ—…_n have_v make_v the_o two_o staios_n of_o venetia_n and_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o romandiola_n loretto_n loretto_n the_o next_o province_n be_v marco_n anconitana_n wherein_o be_v famous_a first_o loretto_n for_o the_o pilmmage_n to_o our_o lady_n church_n bring_v hither_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v it_o through_o the_o air_n from_o palestâ—_n whereunto_o a_o great_a trade_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o superstitious_a papist_n next_o be_v adria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o those_o sea_n next_o recanti_fw-la and_o ancona_n two_o fair_a city_n and_o of_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n of_o which_o first_o chap._n cxlviii_o of_o recanti_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o istria_n recanti_fw-la in_o istria_n recanti_fw-la olim_fw-la aelia_n recina_fw-la as_o some_o author_n allege_v be_v a_o fair_a city_n afford_v corn_n oil_n and_o some_o silk_n for_o merchandise_n weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n thereof_o be_v 100_o l._n give_v in_o london_n 75_o l._n and_o in_o florence_n 96½_n l._n in_o venetia_n sotile_v 112_o l._n in_o venetia_n gross_a 72_o l._n measure_n measure_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n 94_o whereof_o make_v venetia_n brace_n 100_o l._n oil_n be_v sell_v here_o by_o the_o miare_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o in_o venetia_n chap._n cxlix_o of_o ancona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o ancona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ancona_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o hill_n cinerius_fw-la which_o shoot_v into_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n like_o a_o promontory_n have_v a_o commodious_a haven_n build_v by_o trajanus_n the_o emperor_n it_o be_v fruitful_a as_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o country_n afford_v principal_o corn_n wine_n and_o oil_n weight_n weight_n the_o quintal_n of_o ancona_n be_v
salm_n of_o sicilia_n sesterce_n 10½_n of_o arles_n be_v in_o florence_n one_o moggio_n and_o as_o for_o the_o tomilo_n of_o naples_n i_o find_v this_o observation_n in_o the_o agreement_n thereof_o 36_o tomolos_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v 1_o carr_n have_v make_v in_o venice_n 22½_n stai_n istria_n 22¾_n  _fw-fr segnia_n 68¾_n quart_n in_o all_o dalmatia_n 22¼_n stai_n ragusa_n 19¼_n  _fw-fr catarro_n 22½_n  _fw-fr fermo_n marca_n 9_o â—_o 1_o somo_n corfu_n 14¾_n mosa_n candia_n 97_o mesn_a canea_n 14¼_n moza_n alexandria_n 7_o rob._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 5_o  _fw-fr cassise_n and_o 3_o jubes_fw-la  _fw-fr  _fw-fr zerbe_n 5¼_n caf._n milan_n 3_o mos_n parma_n 45½_n sta._n modena_n 26_o  _fw-fr rimene_n 10â…™_n  _fw-fr cesena_n 13_o  _fw-fr ravenna_n 34_o  _fw-fr forli_fw-la 21½_n  _fw-fr ferrara_n 62½_n  _fw-fr mantua_n 56½_n  _fw-fr bologna_n 24¾_n corbe_n florence_n 80_o stai_n genova_n 16½_n mine_n milan_n 34â…œ_n stai_n treviso_n 20â…ž_n  _fw-fr vicentia_n 34â…›_n  _fw-fr verona_n 50_o min._n bressia_n 12½_n som._n bergamo_n 19_o stai_n cremona_n 11â…œ_n som._n mirandela_n 26_o stai_n for_o other_o particular_n of_o these_o measure_n i_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o in_o such_o other_o place_n as_o my_o collection_n permit_v as_o for_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n which_o be_v here_o find_v daily_o practise_v for_o great_a sum_n i_o refer_v the_o particular_n thereof_o to_o the_o 282_o and_o 400_o chapter_n of_o this_o tract_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n thereunto_o belong_v and_o therefore_o hence_o come_v to_o pisa_n the_o second_o city_n of_o trade_n in_o tuscany_n chap._n clxii_o of_o pisa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n dominion_n be_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o pisa_n bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o sea-coast_n on_o the_o east_n by_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o the_o genoese_a the_o pisans_n be_v in_o former_a time_n very_o considerable_a have_v under_o they_o the_o island_n of_o corsica_n sardinia_n and_o the_o baleares_n and_o do_v at_o once_o war_n with_o the_o venetian_n and_o genoese_n they_o be_v at_o last_o conquer_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o genoa_n the_o first_o take_v the_o city_n of_o pisa_n and_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o florentine_n about_o the_o year_n 1410._o and_o the_o latter_a seize_v upon_o the_o town_n of_o leghorn_n and_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o same_o customer_n for_o 120000_o ducat_n about_o the_o same_o time_n these_o two_o be_v the_o only_a place_n of_o trade_n within_o this_o territory_n worthy_a take_v notice_n of_o and_o chief_o the_o town_n of_o leghorn_n but_o first_o of_o the_o city_n of_o pisa_n thereof_o pisa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o pisa_n be_v the_o second_o city_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o tuscany_n seat_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n arâ—…_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o come_v down_o from_o florence_n and_o water_v the_o wall_n thereof_o here_o be_v the_o custom-house_n place_v by_o the_o florentine_a for_o all_o good_n that_o be_v land_v at_o leghorn_n and_o enter_v into_o his_o country_n or_o lade_v in_o florence_n and_o go_v this_o way_n out_o of_o his_o country_n so_o that_o though_o leghorn_n be_v free_a of_o all_o custom_n yet_o the_o duke_n lose_v little_a thereby_o save_v what_o the_o town_n itself_o can_v vent_v which_o be_v but_o small_a for_o it_o be_v but_o as_o a_o scale_n and_o port-town_n to_o this_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o territory_n here_o be_v also_o keep_v his_o principal_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o knight_n of_o saint_n stephen_n have_v here_o their_o alberge_n thereby_o keep_v his_o subject_n from_o go_v to_o malta_n to_o be_v there_o enroll_v the_o duke_n by_o these_o mean_n use_v his_o best_a art_n to_o make_v this_o city_n to_o have_v some_o splendour_n which_o by_o the_o strict_a subjection_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o city_n otherwise_o be_v whole_o deprive_v of_o those_o goodly_a building_n which_o it_o yet_o show_v testify_v its_o ancient_a magnificence_n and_o many_o thing_n anno_fw-la 1619._o i_o observe_v therein_o of_o note_n though_o improper_a to_o the_o subject_n which_o bear_v in_o many_o place_n the_o relic_n of_o that_o greatness_n it_o once_o have_v by_o its_o command_n over_o divers_a province_n and_o the_o war_n it_o maintain_v for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o against_o both_o the_o venetian_n and_o genoese_n but_o to_o my_o business_n weight_n weight_n the_o money_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o account_n of_o florence_n be_v here_o only_o in_o use_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o reiterate_v measure_n measure_n only_o the_o corn_n measure_n be_v a_o sacco_n which_o be_v 3_o staios_n of_o florence_n the_o wine_n measure_n be_v a_o barrel_n cornuto_n which_o be_v 1½_n bar._n florence_n so_o that_o 7_o bar._n cornuto_n be_v 10½_n bar._n in_o florence_n which_o be_v in_o candia_n 45_o mistate_n and_o make_v in_o naples_n cogno_fw-it 1_n which_o 1_o 1½_n but._n for_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n this_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o a_o bag_n of_o pepper_n from_o land_v at_o leghorn_n to_o the_o dispatch_n in_o the_o customhouse_n here_o be_v about_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la bale_n and_o herring_n english_a have_v charge_n from_o the_o arrival_n at_o leghorn_n until_o dispatch_v in_o the_o customhouse_n of_o pisa_n 15_o sold_n of_o gold_n the_o bar._n of_o 4000_o herring_n and_o the_o like_a for_o other_o commodity_n in_o general_n the_o custom_n of_o this_o place_n be_v ordinary_o 4_o cratche_n per_fw-la liver_n chap._n clxiii_o of_o sienna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n dominion_n be_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o sienna_n situate_v between_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o pisa_n they_o be_v sometime_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o emperor_n than_o a_o free_a commonwealth_n and_o after_o that_o under_o the_o spaniard_n then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o french_a and_o again_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o who_o it_o be_v make_v over_o unto_o cosmi_n duke_n of_o florence_n all_o but_o the_o port-town_n which_o he_o think_v good_a to_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o possession_n about_o the_o year_n 1558._o who_o successor_n have_v be_v since_o very_o careful_a in_o keep_v thereof_o as_o a_o place_n of_o great_a concernment_n beside_o they_o be_v a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o greatness_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o once_o look_v on_o a_o rival_n to_o florence_n itself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o tuscany_n the_o chief_a and_o only_a place_n of_o trade_n within_o that_o part_n of_o this_o territory_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v the_o city_n of_o sienna_n of_o which_o brief_o follow_v thereof_o sienna_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o city_n have_v be_v of_o more_o note_n and_o great_a consequence_n in_o time_n past_a but_o fall_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o florentine_a they_o deprive_v they_o of_o all_o their_o trade_n and_o ancient_a glory_n it_o be_v a_o inland-town_n adorn_v with_o beautiful_a both_o public_a and_o private_a building_n their_o great_a church_n have_v the_o monument_n reserve_v of_o all_o the_o pope_n and_o of_o our_o famous_a countryman_n sir_n john_n hawkwood_n who_o do_v the_o florentine_a such_o good_a and_o valiant_a service_n that_o they_o have_v here_o honour_v his_o memory_n with_o a_o stately_a monument_n here_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v speak_v the_o best_a tuscan_a language_n in_o italy_n and_o further_o i_o can_v not_o note_v material_a anno_fw-la 1619._o account_n here_o and_o the_o money_n current_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o florence_n sienna_n weight_n in_o sienna_n in_o sienna_n they_o have_v two_o quintal_n the_o one_o of_o 100_o l._n wherewith_o all_o fine_a good_n be_v weigh_v be_v incirca_fw-la 3_o per_fw-la cent_n less_o than_o 100_o l._n of_o florence_n the_o other_o be_v for_o wool_n and_o some_o gross_a commodity_n which_o contain_v 150_o l._n of_o the_o former_a 100_o sienna_n measure_n in_o sienna_n the_o brace_n and_o measure_n agree_v with_o florence_n former_o mention_v other_o note_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o dukedom_n i_o have_v not_o meet_v withal_o therefore_o will_v pass_v hence_o to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n and_o will_v omit_v the_o rest_n to_o legorn_v the_o only_a seaport_n of_o note_n belong_v hereunto_o the_o port-town_n within_o the_o territory_n of_o sienna_n be_v 1._o plombino_n 2._o port_n telamon_n 3._o orbitelo_n 4._o monte_fw-fr argentoriana_n 5._o porta_n herculis_n 6._o porta_n longone_n these_o be_v only_a worth_n take_v notice_n of_o for_o trading_n the_o four_o and_o last_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n dominion_n be_v the_o island_n in_o the_o tuscan_a or_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n 1._o elba_n 2._o giglio_n 3._o capraria_n 4._o galienaria_n 5._o gorgona_n 6._o troja_n
chap._n clxix_o of_o urbino_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o urbin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o urbin_n be_v a_o fair_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o apennine_n where_o it_o have_v for_o seaport_n pisauro_n and_o fano_fw-la the_o english_a here_o do_v enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o sundry_a privilege_n the_o original_n whereof_o do_v arise_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vi_o of_o england_n who_o create_v the_o duke_n of_o this_o place_n a_o knight_n of_o the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o he_o to_o requite_v the_o honour_n to_o himself_o do_v return_v it_o thus_o to_o the_o say_a king_n his_o subject_n it_o now_o afford_v the_o common_a commodity_n of_o other_o part_n of_o italy_n which_o it_o also_o follow_v in_o matter_n of_o trade_n urbin_n account_n in_o urbin_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr the_o current_a coin_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o roman_a and_o do_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o these_o italian_a principality_n partake_v one_o another_o coin_n which_o pass_v current_n with_o some_o small_a distinction_n from_o one_o city_n to_o another_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n be_v here_o the_o pound_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o produce_v in_o venetia_n suttle_n 112½_n and_o gross_a 72_o l._n and_o have_v produce_v in_o london_n 77_o l._n averdupois_n urbin_n measure_n in_o urbin_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o brace_n the_o 100_o brace_n of_o cloth_n in_o venice_n render_v here_o 94_o brace_n and_o the_o 100_o brace_n of_o silk_n render_v here_o 102_o in_o 103_o brace_n which_o be_v in_o england_n inches_n chap._n clxx_o of_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o parma_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o parma_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o principality_n afford_v the_o commodity_n common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o italy_n do_v over_o and_o above_o afford_v that_o excellent_a cheese_n know_v through_o europe_n by_o the_o name_n of_o parmesane_n it_o be_v not_o note_v for_o any_o eminency_n in_o trade_n the_o great_a fame_n that_o of_o late_o it_o obtain_v be_v by_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o alexander_n farnese_n who_o be_v duke_n thereof_o and_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o netherlands_o during_o his_o regency_n there_o to_o his_o master_n great_a expense_n but_o to_o little_a purpose_n parma_n account_n in_o parma_n for_o trade_n observe_v that_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n to_o the_o sold_n and_o 20_o sol_n to_o the_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v sterling_n the_o coin_n current_a of_o parma_n be_v parma_n weight_n in_o parma_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o 100_o l._n to_o a_o quintal_n which_o be_v in_o england_n about_o 60_o l._n and_o in_o venice_n sotile_fw-la parma_n measure_n in_o parma_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n agree_v with_o the_o brace_n of_o florence_n and_o now_o to_o placentia_n also_o subject_a to_o this_o principality_n chap._n clxxi_o of_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o placentia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o placentia_n be_v a_o commodious_a city_n for_o trade_n and_o seat_v proper_o to_o that_o end_n upon_o the_o river_n po_n afford_v the_o ordinary_a commodity_n of_o italy_n but_o in_o nothing_o so_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o fair_n in_o exchange_n here_o quarterly_a heap_z to_o which_o place_n all_o italy_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n do_v make_v their_o exchange_n rather_o for_o the_o fair_n than_o for_o any_o commodity_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o say_v money_n invest_v and_o for_o the_o money_n of_o the_o country_n there_o be_v no_o account_n have_v therein_o thereof_o but_o only_o of_o that_o wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v which_o be_v call_v the_o crown_n of_o marque_n wherein_o only_a banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v keep_v the_o account_n of_o this_o city_n and_o of_o those_o crown_n placentia_n account_n in_o placentia_n their_o account_n be_v frame_v in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o marque_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a treat_v of_o in_o several_a chapter_n of_o exchange_n vide_fw-la 276_o and_o 382_o and_o other_o follow_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a concurrency_n i_o have_v there_o ample_o specify_v and_o to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o placentia_n weight_n in_o placentia_n the_o weight_n of_o placentia_n be_v the_o pound_n and_o 100_o l._n the_o quintal_n which_o 100_o l._n be_v in_o venice_n gross_a 66_o l._n venice_n subtle_a 108_o l._n and_o by_o that_o computation_n in_o london_n subtle_a pound_v 72_o l._n incirce_a placentia_n measure_n in_o placentia_n the_o measure_n be_v a_o brace_n which_o be_v 27_o inch_n english_a in_o this_o principality_n be_v mirandola_n account_v of_o which_o a_o word_n passando_fw-la chap._n clxxii_o of_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o mirandola_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o mirandola_n be_v a_o city_n also_o belong_v to_o this_o principality_n i_o think_v good_a to_o insert_v in_o my_o way_n what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o the_o measure_n thereof_o weight_n weight_n the_o weight_n of_o mirandola_n be_v the_o l._n 12_o ounce_n 100_o l._n whereof_o be_v a_o quintal_n and_o find_v to_o be_v averdupois_n 75_o l._n measure_n measure_n the_o measure_n be_v the_o brace_n find_v to_o be_v 26½_n inches_n english_a and_o so_o much_o for_o mirandole_v and_o now_o to_o legorn_v therewith_o to_o finish_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o these_o petty_a dukedom_n chap._n clxxiii_o of_o legorn_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o legorn_v and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o legorn_v be_v situate_v on_o a_o sandy_a plain_n close_o to_o the_o seaside_n it_o have_v a_o inward_a mould_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n galley_n be_v keep_v and_o some_o small_a vessel_n permit_v to_o ride_v and_o be_v account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n purchase_v not_o many_o year_n pass_v for_o 120000_o ducat_n of_o the_o genoese_a by_o the_o duke_n of_o tuscany_n who_o re-edify_n or_o rather_o build_v a_o new_a city_n to_o the_o old_a new_a fortify_v and_o wall_v the_o same_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n and_o degree_n soever_o to_o live_v here_o so_o that_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o thief_n pirate_n murderer_n and_o wicked_a rascal_n and_o because_o here_o be_v also_o grant_v a_o liberty_n in_o conscience_n the_o town_n be_v also_o store_v with_o all_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o city_n become_v populous_a and_o merchant_n be_v grant_v a_o freedom_n in_o custom_n the_o place_n become_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v fill_v with_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o add_v to_o these_o immunity_n there_o be_v dwelling_n for_o seven_o year_n give_v to_o any_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o to_o reside_v and_o all_o such_o shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o arrest_n or_o punishment_n for_o act_n commit_v in_o all_o other_o country_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v and_o by_o these_o mean_n at_o first_o and_o since_o by_o the_o encouragement_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n it_o be_v become_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o those_o sea_n and_o be_v proper_o account_v the_o scale_n of_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n it_o be_v rule_v by_o pisa_n and_o florence_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o duchy_n and_o which_o yield_v the_o commodity_n that_o drive_v the_o traffic_n of_o this_o place_n the_o principal_a note_n that_o i_o observe_v at_o my_o be_v in_o this_o place_n in_o several_a voyage_n be_v as_o follow_v legorn_n account_n in_o legorn_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n 12_o denter_n to_o a_o soldo_n and_o 20_o soldo_n account_v to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v nine_o penny_n sterling_a florence_n coin_n in_o florence_n their_o money_n be_v those_o of_o florence_n which_o current_n be_v the_o ducat_n of_o 10½_n julios_fw-la or_o of_o seven_o livre_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n three_o penny_n sterling_a and_o a_o scudo_n or_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v 7½_n liures_fw-fr and_o one_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n or_o as_o they_o say_v de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_o oro_fw-la be_v 8_o livre_n also_o note_v that_o 12_o crache_n make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 9_o d._n 8_o crache_n make_v a_o julio_n which_o be_v 6_o d._n sterling_n 5_o quadrin_n make_v a_o crache_n â—0_n quadrin_v a_o livre_fw-fr 3_o quadrin_n make_v a_o sol._n mote_z that_o the_o crache_n be_v ½_n silver_n and_o the_o quadrine_n copper_n to_o bring_v ducat_n of_o florence_n of_o seven_o livre_n the_o ducat_n into_o
crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n jul._n per_fw-la crown_n divide_v by_o 15_o and_o subtract_v the_o quotient_a from_o the_o sum_n divide_v and_o the_o remainder_n be_v your_o demand_n again_o to_o bring_v crown_n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n of_o 7½_n jul._n into_o ducat_n of_o 7_o livre_n divide_v by_o 4_o and_o the_o quotient_a add_v to_o the_o sum_n divide_v will_v answer_v your_o desire_n there_o be_v ever_o find_v between_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n and_o the_o money_n of_o legorn_n a_o lagio_n which_o be_v both_o subject_n to_o one_o prince_n be_v conceive_v by_o some_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v remove_v by_o merchant_n if_o they_o will_v endeavour_v it_o but_o they_o that_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n therefore_o i_o will_v omit_v the_o reason_n give_v on_o both_o side_n and_o advise_v he_o that_o have_v monies_n in_o florence_n and_o be_v resident_a in_o legorn_n to_o make_v the_o best_a use_n thereof_o and_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o lagio_n as_o the_o current_a rate_n will_v permit_v he_o till_o the_o business_n may_v be_v better_o rectify_v and_o the_o controversy_n by_o a_o equality_n may_v be_v decide_v and_o determine_v florence_n weight_n in_o florence_n the_o weight_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o florence_n the_o pound_n 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n which_o be_v english_a 75_o l._n but_o some_o commodity_n be_v find_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o quintal_n of_o 150_o l._n which_o be_v 113_o l._n english_a and_o some_o by_o a_o quintal_n of_o 160_o l._n as_o fish_n wool_n and_o which_o be_v 121_o l._n english_a the_o english_a 112_o l._n make_v about_o 147½_n l._n of_o this_o place_n legorn_n 112_o l._n of_o london_n be_v 146_o l._n legorn_n note_v that_o 150_o l._n be_v here_o a_o kintar_n of_o allom_n and_o be_v 113â…ž_n l._n 151_o l._n make_v a_o kintar_n of_o sugar_n be_v 114â…“_n l._n english_a 1â—0_o l._n make_v a_o kintar_n of_o fish_n be_v 121½_n l._n english_a 100_o l._n be_v a_o kintar_n of_o all_o other_o commodity_n and_o be_v 75_o 11_o 12_o l._n english_a and_o be_v 108_o l._n in_o genova_n florence_n measure_n in_o florence_n the_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n be_v the_o brace_n 4_o brace_n make_v a_o cane_n 50_o cane_n be_v 200_o brace_n and_o find_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o english_a 1_o brace_n of_o florence_n be_v 23_o inch_n english_a of_o 12_o to_o a_o foot_n so_o that_o 100_o brace_n make_v â—0_n yard_n 48_o ells._n their_o corn_n and_o salt_n measure_n be_v a_o stare_v 3_o stare_v be_v a_o sack_n and_o 3â…”_n sack_n be_v a_o salmo_n or_o 41_o stare_v be_v a_o salmo_n and_o this_o salmo_n iâ—_n account_v a_o london_n quarter_n also_o they_o have_v another_o measure_v call_v a_o maggio_n which_o be_v 8_o sack_n or_o 24_o stare_v be_v a_o maggio_n and_o a_o stare_v of_o good_a corn_n have_v be_v note_v to_o weigh_v 50_o l._n in_o legorn_n ligorn_n english_a commodity_n vend_v in_o ligorn_n from_o england_n be_v vend_v here_o bay_n sesse_n serges_n clothes_n perpetuanoe_n lead_v tin_n calves-skin_n hide_n oistracan-hides_a salt_n salmon_n pilchard_n caviar_n herring_n tallow_n also_o pepper_n ginger_n mace_n cloves_n nutmeg_n indigo_n and_o such_o indian_a commodity_n tuscany_n commodity_n of_o tuscany_n this_o place_n be_v the_o great_a scale_n of_o trade_n in_o tuscany_n be_v find_v hence_o to_o be_v send_v into_o other_o part_n oil_n wine_n silk_n raw_a and_o wrought_v rice_n anniseed_n argal_o and_o all_o other_o italian_a and_o turkish_a commodity_n legorn_n custom_n in_o the_o port_n of_o legorn_n all_o good_n enter_v here_o to_o be_v sell_v be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o payment_n of_o custom_n for_o a_o year_n but_o if_o keep_v a_o full_a year_n do_v then_o pay_v a_o custom_n and_o if_o sale_n present_v not_o in_o that_o time_n the_o merchant_n may_v ship_v the_o same_o out_o again_o without_o charge_n but_o if_o for_o the_o advance_v of_o his_o commodity_n he_o send_v the_o same_o into_o other_o part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o tuscany_n than_o the_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o pisa_n as_o be_v there_o mention_v to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o inquirer_n and_o leave_v tuscany_n i_o will_v pass_v over_o to_o genova_n chap._n clxxiv_o of_o genova_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o genova_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o state_n of_o genova_n comprehend_v finali_fw-la sarasena_n and_o noli_fw-la city_n of_o small_a import_n the_o metropolis_n genova_n be_v the_o mistress_n of_o this_o republic_n be_v account_v eight_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o inhabit_v by_o the_o great_a money-monger_n or_o usurer_n in_o the_o world_n who_o if_o they_o will_v not_o distrust_v god_n with_o their_o wealth_n by_o sea_n will_v easy_o become_v and_o be_v account_v famous_a merchant_n their_o usury_n be_v excessive_a and_o have_v more_o than_o once_o bring_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n into_o their_o book_n for_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n but_o he_o have_v the_o trick_n of_o fail_v in_o his_o payment_n and_o performance_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v satisfy_v they_o in_o blanco_n in_o lieu_n of_o be_v pay_v in_o banco_n but_o i_o refer_v this_o to_o they_o that_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v and_o to_o draw_v to_o my_o observation_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v gather_v upon_o this_o city_n this_o city_n will_v prove_v the_o most_o famous_a in_o all_o these_o sea_n for_o trading_n be_v not_o the_o inhabitant_n such_o note_a politician_n and_o great_a biter_n by_o exchange_n that_o no_o stranger_n can_v live_v among_o they_o for_o they_o envy_v the_o great_a commerce_n practise_v in_o legorn_n their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o may_v exceed_v legorn_v will_v their_o greedy_a covetousness_n permit_v they_o and_o suffer_v merchant_n to_o bring_v their_o good_n thither_o upon_o small_a charge_n but_o that_o sovereign_a must_v not_o expect_v a_o plentiful_a trade_n that_o will_v have_v also_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v upon_o all_o good_n and_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o lose_v the_o traffic_n of_o his_o country_n needs_o no_o other_o way_n to_o do_v it_o but_o by_o impose_v heavy_a custom_n upon_o merchant_n and_o their_o commodity_n but_o to_o their_o better_a consideration_n i_o refer_v this_o point_n and_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n their_o own_o common_a proverb_n which_o admit_v hardly_o any_o merchant_n to_o live_v or_o their_z among_o they_o genova_n fatta_fw-mi per_fw-la noi_fw-it their_o city_n be_v only_o make_v for_o themselves_o genova_n account_n in_o genova_n in_o genova_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n the_o denier_n be_v 12_o to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 120_o ray_n of_o portugal_n and_o 16_o d._n sterling_n genova_n money_n in_o genova_n their_o current_a money_n be_v divers_a as_o border_v upon_o so_o many_o neighbour_n the_o most_o current_a be_v the_o denier_n 12_o to_o a_o soldo_n soldo_n 4_o make_v a_o cavalet_fw-la cavalet_n 5_o or_o sol_n 20_o make_v a_o livre_fw-fr which_o be_v 16_o d._n sterling_n liures_fw-fr 4_o sell_v 8_o be_v a_o crown_n sold_n 7_o den._n 6_o be_v a_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 6._o d._n sterling_n sold_n 90_o be_v a_o crown_n of_o gold_n ducat_n in_o silver_n be_v 4_o livre_n 16_o s._n l._n be_v 6_o s._n 5_o d._n sterling_n ducat_n current_n be_v 4_o livre_n sterling_a 5_o s._n 4_o d._n circa_fw-la ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v 68_o sold_n of_o gold_n lyre_n 3_o sol_n 1_o make_v a_o rial_n of_o eight_o lyre_n 4_o 13_o 4_o of_o genova_n have_v make_v 1_o ducat_n in_o legorn_n genova_n weight_n in_o genova_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n and_o the_o quintal_n be_v 100_o l._n ditto_n which_o be_v call_v the_o suttle_n quintar_n and_o the_o gross_a quintar_n be_v 150_o l._n thereof_o be_v 157½_n l._n subtle_a venice_n and_o this_o gross_a quintar_n agree_v with_o the_o gross_a weight_n of_o venice_n between_o which_o two_o place_n these_o note_n have_v be_v observe_v that_o 100_o l._n suttle_n genova_n make_v suttle_n in_o venetia_n 105_o l._n 100_o l._n gross_a genova_n be_v gross_a venetia_n 100_o l._n suttle_n 157½_n l._n the_o say_v 100_o l._n have_v make_v in_o london_n 71_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o 92½_n legorn_v and_o the_o 150_o l._n their_o gross_a quintar_n be_v london_n 105_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o the_o 112_o l._n london_n have_v make_v here_o 143_o l._n and_o by_o proof_n 100_o l._n in_o florence_n have_v make_v here_o 109_o l._n the_o gross_a quintar_n be_v 150_o l._n of_o 18_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n by_o which_o be_v sell_v cotton_n and_o cotton-yarâ—_a cummin_n and_o anniseed_n honey_n rice_n brass_n lead_v tin_n soap_n and_o wool_n and_o some_o other_o commodity_n genova_n measure_n in_o
or_o otherwise_o second_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v discover_v the_o east-indies_n in_o anno_fw-la 1500_o and_o divert_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n drive_v by_o the_o venetian_n from_o alexandria_n and_o the_o red-sea_n to_o his_o port_n of_o lisbon_n keep_v here_o his_o factor_n and_o send_v hither_o those_o indian_a commodity_n to_o seek_v their_o vent_n and_o this_o first_o draw_v the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n from_o bruges_n hither_o to_o reside_v the_o three_o be_v the_o war_n that_o fall_v between_o the_o french_a and_o charles_n the_o five_o which_o bring_v hither_o many_o gentleman_n from_o village_n and_o petty_a town_n for_o safety_n sake_n here_o to_o reside_v and_o build_v now_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o rise_n have_v be_v note_v to_o be_v three_o so_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o trade_n may_v be_v reduce_v also_o to_o three_o first_o the_o war_n here_o and_o in_o general_a in_o these_o province_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o dutch_a nation_n wherein_o this_o city_n suffer_v pillage_n and_o endure_v the_o command_n of_o new_a law_n second_o the_o abrogation_n of_o part_n of_o those_o privilege_n that_o be_v grant_v here_o to_o the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n and_o other_o that_o the_o new_a and_o great_a custom_n impose_v upon_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n three_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a to_o the_o east-indies_n whereby_o the_o portugal_n factor_n decrease_v thereby_o and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o england_n and_o amsterdam_n in_o holland_n increase_v thereby_o be_v also_o sharer_n in_o the_o india_n trade_n and_o commodity_n leave_v by_o this_o mean_v this_o city_n bare_a and_o to_o subsist_v upon_o the_o traffic_n of_o her_o own_o inhabitant_n in_o that_o nature_n as_o now_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v antwerp_n account_n in_o antwerp_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n which_o they_o term_v pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o gross_v 12_o gross_v make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n or_o pound_n flemish_n which_o may_v be_v account_v 12_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o by_o their_o computation_n 240_o gross_v by_o which_o species_n they_o do_v make_v their_o exchange_n with_o all_o other_o city_n antwerp_n coin_n in_o antwerp_n the_o current_a money_n here_o and_o in_o general_a through_o all_o the_o archduke_n country_n be_v beside_o the_o spanish_a and_o imperial_a these_o current_n be_v doit_n four_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o ten_o stivers_n a_o shilling_n sterling_a two_o blank_n make_v a_o stiver_n and_o half_a stivers_n 6_o make_v a_o shilling_n flemish_n stivers_n 28_o make_n a_o guilder_n which_o be_v three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n shilling_n 20_o make_v a_o pound_n which_o be_v 6_o guilder_n pound_n 100_o flemish_a make_v 60_o pound_n english_a so_o that_o 20_o stivers_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compute_v for_o two_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o one_o pound_v flemish_n for_o 12_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o then_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_n be_v 33_o shilling_n 4_o penny_n flemish_n antwerp_n weight_n in_o antwerp_n the_o weight_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o that_o pound_n which_o be_v their_o quintar_n which_o render_v in_o london_n 104_o l._n london_n the_o conceive_a original_n of_o our_o tret_n in_o london_n and_o thereupon_o it_o come_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o upon_o spice_n the_o tret_n of_o 4_o l._n upon_o 104_o l._n be_v allow_v here_o to_o the_o buyer_n for_o the_o english_a be_v supply_v hence_o in_o those_o day_n with_o their_o spice_n find_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o to_o give_v here_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 104_o l._n and_o make_v that_o allowance_n here_o willing_o as_o desire_v the_o 100_o l._n there_o will_v yield_v they_o a_o neat_a 100_o l._n here_o and_o take_v the_o same_o by_o the_o factory_a without_o further_a allowance_n or_o garble_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n many_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o city_n which_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o general_a table_n by_o mr._n malines_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o accord_v with_o all_o the_o principal_a city_n in_o the_o world_n i_o will_v refer_v you_o thereunto_o for_o large_a satisfaction_n and_o content_v myself_o according_a to_o my_o method_n to_o insert_v the_o same_o as_o i_o find_v it_o with_o some_o other_o particular_a place_n because_o i_o have_v find_v some_o error_n in_o the_o say_a concordance_n place_n weight_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o that_o of_o other_o place_n the_o weight_n then_o in_o use_n in_o antwerp_n be_v the_o 160_o l._n neat_a have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v render_v thus_o in_o london_n 104_o l._n marselia_n 115¾_n  _fw-fr venice_n sotile_fw-fr 155_o  _fw-fr ditto_n gross_a 97¾_n  _fw-fr sicilia_n 68_o  _fw-fr lisbon_n 84½_n  _fw-fr florence_n 132½_n  _fw-fr lion_n 110_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 101â…ž_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 120_o  _fw-fr ormus_n 108_o rot._n aleppo_n common_a 228_o r._n ditto_n silk_n weight_n 240_o r._n tripoli_n soria_n 272_o r._n tripoli_n barbaria_n 97_o r._n baruti_fw-la 219_o r._n alexandria_n zeroi_n 519_o r._n alexandria_n forsia_n 1165_o r._n constantinople_n 92_o r._n rhodes_n 201_o r._n acria_n 181_o r._n babylon_n 156_o r._n and_o what_o other_o inlargement_n be_v here_o want_v i_o willing_o omit_v and_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la country_n measure_n of_o antwerp_n compare_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a i_o do_v calculate_v the_o measure_n of_o antwerp_n which_o be_v the_o ell_n which_o also_o by_o observation_n have_v make_v in_o these_o place_n acria_n 115_o pico_fw-la aleppo_n 108_o pico_fw-la argier_n 136_o covad_n alexandria_n 124_o pico_fw-la amsterdam_n 101_o ell_n barcelona_n 43_o cane_n bruges_n 98â…”_n else_o candia_n 108_o pico_fw-la castille_n 78_o vare_n constantinople_n 113_o pico_fw-la corfu_n 116_o brace_n damascus_n 111_o pico_fw-la dantzick_n 122_o ell_n florence_n cloth_n 116_o ell_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 102½_n brace_n genoa_n 122_o brace_n hamburgh_n 122_o ell_n holland_n 103½_n else_o lisbon_n long_o 63_o vare_n london_n for_o linen_n 60_o ell_n ditto_n for_o woollen_a 75_o yard_n ditto_n for_o frise_n 59_o goad_n lucca_n 120_o brace_n milan_n for_o silk_n 141_o brace_n naples_n for_o silk_n 33½_n can_v paris_n 59_o auln_n roven_n 58_o auln_n sevil_n 83½_n vare_n venice_n for_o woollen_a 101â…”_n brace_n ditto_n for_o silk_n 108_o valentia_n 73_o cane_n urbino_n 101_o brace_n note_v that_o this_o be_v for_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o antwerp_n beside_o which_o they_o use_v another_o el_fw-es for_o silk_n and_o these_o ell_n make_v of_o that_o but_o 98½_n ells._n the_o other_o measure_n of_o sundry_a commodity_n here_o in_o use_n be_v these_o beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v sell_v in_o antwerp_n by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v account_v throughout_o flanders_n and_o brabant_n to_o be_v 54_o stoop_v the_o 81_o whereof_o be_v in_o dantzick_n a_o fat_a and_o contain_v there_o 180_o stoop_v but_o 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n make_v the_o barrel_n of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o english_a gallon_n of_o beer_n be_v 2_o stoop_v of_o flanders_n and_o 1â…”_n stoop_v of_o amsterdam_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v the_o vertule_n and_o 37½_n vertules_a be_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o ansterdam_n and_o 10¼_n quarter_n in_o london_n vide_fw-la there_o further_o wine_n of_o wine_n wine_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o be_o the_o stoop_v and_o the_o but_o and_o be_v find_v thus_o to_o accord_v together_o 1_o aâ—…_n be_v 50_o stoop_v and_o one_o stoop_v be_v six_o pound_n and_o a_o but_o be_v 152_o stoop_v so_o that_o by_o this_o rule_n 6_o be_o which_o be_v 300_o stoop_v or_o 1800_o l._n be_v in_o london_n 252_o gallon_n so_o that_o the_o be_o be_v by_o this_o calculation_n find_v to_o be_v 42_o gallon_n and_o the_o stoop_v be_v about_o 3â…“_n quarter_n of_o london_n wine-measure_n or_o as_o some_o account_n it_o about_o 7_o pint_n vide_fw-la london_n for_o more_o certainty_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o antwerp_n the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o this_o place_n be_v great_a and_o for_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n especial_o when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n have_v any_o general_a disbursement_n in_o this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o continual_a army_n here_o in_o action_n maintain_v against_o the_o dutch_a the_o particular_n whereof_o i_o have_v insert_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n in_o the_o chapter_n 289_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n 435_o and_o some_o other_o follow_v where_o i_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v the_o practice_n and_o use_v among_o the_o machant_n of_o that_o place_n in_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o whereto_o i_o refer_v
a_o coal_n wonderful_a in_o nature_n as_o kindle_v by_o water_n and_o quench_v by_o oil._n zutphen_n zutphen_n zutphen_n be_v the_o next_o earldom_n be_v only_o a_o town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n issel_n of_o good_a strength_n take_v from_o the_o spaniard_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1590._o at_o the_o siege_n whereof_o be_v slay_v that_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n philip_n sidney_n of_o who_o be_v say_v digna_fw-la legi_fw-la scribis_fw-la facis_fw-la &_o dignissima_fw-la scribi_fw-la scripta_fw-la probant_fw-la doctum_fw-la te_fw-la tua_fw-la facta_fw-la probum_fw-la thou_o write_v thing_n worthy_a read_n and_o do_v do_v thing_n that_o be_v even_o most_o worthy_a writing_n too_o thy_o work_n thy_o learning_n praise_n thy_o deed_n thy_o goodness_n raise_v holland_n holland_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v holland_n in_o circuit_n 180_o miles_n no_o part_n of_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o sea_n three_o hour_n journey_n and_o comprehend_v 400_o village_n and_o 23_o to_n dort_n dort_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v dort_n where_o anno_fw-la 1618._o be_v hold_v a_o national_a synod_n against_o the_o arminian_o harlem_n harlem_n second_o harlem_n where_o printing_n be_v invent_v three_o leyden_n a_o university_n consist_v of_o 41_o island_n to_o which_o there_o be_v passage_n partly_o by_o boat_n but_o principal_o by_o 40_o wooden_a bridge_n and_o by_o 110_o of_o stone_n the_o rarity_n whereof_o be_v the_o first_o city_n of_o consequence_n i_o note_v in_o these_o part_n anno_fw-la 1625._o i_o can_v not_o choose_v then_o but_o admire_v and_o here_o in_o this_o town_n be_v a_o castle_n say_v to_o be_v build_v by_o hengist_n the_o saxon_a at_o his_o return_n out_o of_o england_n if_o their_o story_n may_v be_v credit_v delft_n delft_n the_o next_o town_n be_v delft_n a_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n where_o i_o be_v anno_fw-la 1625_o admit_v into_o that_o society_n who_o welfare_n i_o be_o bind_v to_o desire_v and_o who_o prosperity_n i_o wish_v may_v still_o increase_v and_o though_o these_o citizen_n have_v since_o upon_o some_o discontent_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v to_o rotterdam_n yet_o consider_v the_o town_n be_v compose_v altogether_o of_o brewer_n and_o that_o man_n so_o qualify_v be_v apt_a to_o forget_v themselves_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v they_o have_v since_o sleep_v upon_o it_o and_o will_v peradventure_o regain_v their_o company_n at_o a_o great_a charge_n than_o can_v by_o any_o but_o by_o their_o wisdom_n be_v imagine_v alkmer_n alkmer_n the_o next_o be_v alkmer_n famous_a for_o the_o defeat_n which_o the_o duke_n d'alva_fw-la receive_v before_o it_o to_o his_o great_a loss_n of_o reputation_n and_o to_o this_o city_n honour_n rotterdam_n rotterdam_n the_o next_o be_v rotterdam_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o erasmus_n and_o note_v for_o lover_n of_o the_o english_a traffck_n in_o give_v late_o free_a and_o worthy_a privilege_n to_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n who_o from_o delft_n late_o remove_v hither_o to_o reside_v to_o the_o future_a prejudice_n of_o those_o brewer_n amsterdam_n amsterdam_n last_o amsterdam_n have_v now_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o these_o country_n for_o matter_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n it_o have_v raise_v itself_o to_o that_o height_n of_o trade_n by_o the_o industry_n policy_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o 1000_o sail_n of_o ship_n have_v be_v see_v at_o one_o tide_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o and_o as_o one_o of_o their_o own_o have_v it_o quod_fw-la tagus_n atque_fw-la hemus_n vehit_fw-la &_o pactolus_n in_o unum_fw-la vere_n hunc_fw-la congestum_fw-la dixeris_fw-la esse_fw-la locum_fw-la what_o tagus_n hemus_n and_o pactolus_n bear_v you_o will_v conjecture_v to_o be_v heap_v up_o here_o now_o for_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o their_o traffic_n i_o shall_v note_v the_o same_o such_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o at_o my_o residency_n there_o in_o 1625_o abovementioned_a chap._n clxiii_o of_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o amsterdam_n be_v now_o by_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o new_a to_o the_o old_a a_o fair_a city_n strong_a and_o beautiful_a the_o river_n tay_n flow_v like_o a_o large_a and_o calm_a sea_n on_o the_o north-side_n thereof_o and_o the_o river_n amster_n of_o which_o and_o the_o word_n damn_v this_o city_n be_v name_v run_v from_o the_o south_n through_o three_o lake_n enter_v this_o city_n and_o pass_v through_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n tay_n on_o the_o north-side_n this_o town_n do_v consist_v of_o 5_o principal_a street_n through_o which_o the_o water_n do_v run_v and_o be_v divide_v therewith_o in_o which_o ship_n barge_n and_o boat_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v find_v both_o to_o come_v and_o go_v continual_o either_o to_o lade_v or_o unlade_v which_o be_v not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o also_o commodious_a and_o beautiful_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v much_o enlarge_v since_o the_o passage_n of_o antwerp_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n occasion_v by_o their_o industry_n their_o love_n to_o navigation_n and_o not_o the_o least_o by_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o money_n which_o they_o deliver_v out_o at_o easy_a rate_n at_o interest_n as_o want_v land_n or_o other_o mean_n to_o put_v out_o the_o same_o to_o better_a benefit_n nothing_o be_v loft_n they_o but_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n to_o employ_v the_o same_o and_o of_o late_a day_n england_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n be_v find_v to_o have_v their_o estate_n go_v at_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la cent_n whereas_o in_o their_o own_o country_n 4_o and_o 5_o per_fw-la cent_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v they_o but_o for_o the_o coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o i_o observe_v they_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o better_o experience_v amsterdam_n account_n in_o amsterdam_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n as_o in_o antwerp_n by_o which_o all_o these_o part_n be_v regulate_v in_o former_a time_n for_o what_o concern_v traffic_n netherlands_o money_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o all_o the_o netherlands_o their_o money_n have_v also_o a_o correspondency_n with_o antwerp_n coin_n but_o inhanse_v or_o debase_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a yearly_a disbursment_n and_o ordinary_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o antwerp_n so_o as_o that_o their_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n which_o be_v twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n may_v be_v account_v twelve_o shilling_n sterling_a florin_n 6_o make_v that_o pound_n of_o 20_o stiver_n per_fw-la florin_n stivers_n 120_o make_v a_o pound_n of_o gross_n 6_o stivers_n a_o flemish_a shilling_n stivers_n 5_o be_v account_v as_o much_o as_o 6_o d._n sterling_a or_o 5_o sold_n turnois_n stiver_n 1_o be_v a_o sold_n turnois_n a_o gross_n be_v 6_o denier_n turnois_n carolus_n gulden_a be_v 20_o stiver_n 2_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o 20_o sol_n turnois_n beside_o these_o as_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o country_n all_o coin_n of_o europe_n do_v pass_v here_o current_o for_o their_o value_n and_o be_v receive_v and_o pay_v in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n according_o amsterdam_n weight_n of_o amsterdam_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n 100_o whereof_o make_v their_o quintal_n which_o 100_o or_o quintal_n be_v hold_v in_o london_n to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 111_o l._n english_a yet_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o same_o true_o calculate_v will_v not_o produce_v above_o 108_o l._n subtle_a and_o for_o the_o concordancy_n see_v further_o amsterdam_n measure_n in_o amsterdam_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o reduce_v to_o yard_n english_a be_v find_v to_o be_v 134_o ell_n for_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n and_o the_o 100_o ell_n of_o london_n be_v here_o 167½_n ell_n so_o that_o the_o 100_o elâ—_n here_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 74_o yard_n or_o 60½_n ell_n incirca_fw-la and_o 40_o flemish_a ell_n make_v in_o england_n 24_o ells._n amsterdam_n exchange_n in_o amsterdam_n in_o the_o exchange_n this_o place_n be_v govern_v by_o antwerp_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o the_o value_n current_n of_o their_o money_n which_o be_v often_o inhanse_v and_o debase_v it_o be_v very_o frequent_o observe_v in_o this_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n subject_n to_o the_o netherlands_o or_o to_o the_o unite_a province_n that_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n of_o great_a receipt_n they_o be_v decry_v in_o value_n and_o raise_v again_o where_o they_o have_v occasion_n by_o their_o war_n or_o otherwise_o of_o great_a disbursement_n according_a to_o which_o diversity_n of_o needful_a occasion_n the_o exchange_n of_o the_o place_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v therefore_o therein_o can_v be_v prescribe_v any_o direct_a
the_o netherlands_o and_o then_o the_o trade_n of_o flanders_n as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v observe_v and_o find_v in_o obedience_n to_o the_o archduke_n first_o then_o these_o netherlander_n or_o dutchman_n be_v of_o late_a year_n become_v notable_a mariner_n and_o have_v undertake_v and_o fortunate_o achieve_v many_o dangerous_a and_o long_a navigation_n every_o particular_a city_n have_v both_o many_o and_o great_a ship_n belong_v thereunto_o and_o in_o some_o place_n where_o house_n be_v dear_a and_o scarce_o i_o have_v see_v whole_a family_n live_v in_o lighter_n and_o such_o vessel_n wherein_o they_o eat_v drink_v and_o sleep_v and_o have_v their_o continual_a habitation_n their_o child_n like_o water-rat_n see_v continual_o dabble_v in_o the_o water_n of_o which_o element_n for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o country_n be_v subsistent_a they_o be_v account_v better_o for_o northern_a design_n and_o voyage_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o country_n cold_a situation_n than_o for_o southern_a yet_o their_o late_a trade_n to_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n and_o their_o good_a success_n there_o demonstrate_v they_o can_v also_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o hot_a climate_n their_o trade_n be_v general_o throughout_o the_o world_n in_o imitation_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o english_a who_o step_n for_o many_o year_n they_o have_v follow_v only_o in_o turkey_n they_o have_v but_o small_a traffic_n by_o reason_n their_o country_n want_v those_o commodity_n that_o be_v fit_a and_o proper_a for_o that_o empire_n such_o as_o clothes_n lead_v tin_n the_o main_a staple_n of_o the_o english_a trade_n thither_o as_o for_o their_o judgement_n in_o traffic_n it_o be_v singular_a by_o reason_n their_o want_n of_o many_o necessary_n both_o for_o back_o and_o belly_n enforce_v they_o to_o pry_v near_o into_o commerce_n than_o other_o nation_n that_o 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o more_o fruitful_a and_o fertile_a country_n and_o the_o easy_a rate_n that_o money_n be_v to_o be_v find_v at_o interest_n add_v some_o help_n to_o their_o invention_n they_o be_v few_o year_n pass_v account_v of_o a_o heavy_a and_o dull_a temper_n but_o the_o italian_n who_o in_o foresee_v wisdom_n and_o providence_n will_v be_v throughout_o the_o world_n account_v for_o promethei_n be_v by_o they_o make_v epimethei_n as_o wise_a after_o the_o deed_n too_o late_o repent_v for_o when_o they_o come_v first_o to_o settle_v their_o trade_n in_o flanders_n they_o take_v young_a youth_n of_o that_o nation_n to_o be_v their_o cashter_n and_o to_o copy_v their_o letter_n whereby_o they_o come_v to_o learn_v the_o secret_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o afterward_o to_o the_o italian_n great_a prejudice_n exercise_v it_o themselves_o and_o not_o content_v therewith_o as_o it_o be_v thus_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o flanders_n but_o they_o follow_v they_o into_o italy_n and_o there_o live_v as_o spare_o as_o they_o and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o sundry_a province_n and_o principal_a town_n have_v give_v a_o great_a blow_n to_o their_o great_a traffic_n in_o italy_n and_o that_o which_o add_v much_o to_o their_o knowledge_n and_o gain_n be_v that_o they_o covet_v still_o to_o buy_v all_o commodity_n at_o the_o wellhead_n as_o merchant_n say_v and_o where_o that_o commodity_n have_v its_o first_o original_n and_o where_o the_o same_o be_v cheap_a and_o then_o transport_v they_o not_o so_o much_o to_o their_o own_o home_n as_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o same_o be_v dear_a and_o not_o shame_v to_o retail_v any_o commodity_n by_o small_a part_n and_o parcel_n which_o both_o english_a merchant_n and_o italian_n disdain_v to_o do_v in_o any_o country_n whatsoever_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v come_v now_o to_o that_o height_n that_o though_o by_o nature_n they_o want_v all_o thing_n yet_o by_o industry_n and_o merchandise_v they_o not_o only_o supply_v their_o own_o defect_n but_o also_o many_o of_o their_o neighbour_n want_v and_o necessity_n as_o i_o can_v instance_n in_o sundry_a particular_n neither_o must_v i_o omit_v one_o custom_n here_o use_v and_o not_o find_v i_o think_v elsewhere_o in_o the_o world_n that_o whilst_o the_o husband_n sport_v idle_o at_o home_n their_o woman_n be_v ofttimes_o see_v to_o be_v the_o merchant_n and_o in_o some_o province_n here_o sail_n from_o city_n to_o city_n to_o compass_v their_o affair_n abroad_o as_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v find_v to_o manage_v it_o at_o home_n for_o in_o their_o shop_n they_o sell_v all_o and_o take_v account_n of_o all_o and_o it_o be_v no_o reproach_n to_o the_o man_n to_o be_v never_o inquire_v after_o in_o these_o business_n of_o trade_n who_o take_v money_n of_o their_o wife_n for_o daily_a expense_n and_o glad_o so_o pass_v their_o time_n over_o in_o idleness_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o bruges_n have_v be_v the_o city_n where_o in_o time_n past_o this_o great_a traffic_n be_v cohabitant_fw-la it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o a_o little_a to_o look_v back_o upon_o it_o and_o those_o time_n and_o see_v the_o glory_n of_o it_o in_o its_o lustre_n then_o and_o the_o decay_n thereof_o in_o its_o ruin_n now_o bruges_n the_o ancient_a staple_n of_o bruges_n it_o be_v record_v by_o jabobus_fw-la marchantius_n that_o ludâ—vicus_n crossus_n anno_fw-la 1323_o grant_v a_o staple_n to_o bruges_n which_o his_o son_n malanus_fw-la confirm_v which_o staple_n be_v a_o privilege_n of_o stay_v all_o foreign_a commodity_n in_o the_o place_n except_o the_o seller_n and_o bringer_n choose_v rather_o to_o return_v whence_o they_o cain_v exchange_n the_o original_n of_o burse_v of_o place_n of_o meeting_n for_o merchant_n which_o in_o england_n be_v now_o term_v the_o exchange_n this_o city_n have_v a_o eminent_a market_n place_n with_o a_o public_a house_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o merchant_n at_o noon_n and_o evening_n which_o house_n be_v call_v the_o burse_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o â—…tinct_a family_n bursa_n bear_v three_o purse_n for_o their_o arm_n engrave_v upon_o their_o house_n from_o whence_o these_o meet_v place_n to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v burse_v in_o many_o country_n which_o in_o london_n we_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o royal-exchange_n and_o of_o britain_n burse_n fifteen_o nation_n in_o the_o height_n of_o this_o trade_n have_v each_o their_o several_a house_n or_o college_n here_o namely_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n scotland_n france_n castilia_n portugal_n arragon_n navarre_n catalonia_n biscaia_n the_o hans_n town_n of_o germany_n as_o lubeck_n hamburg_n rostock_n dantzick_n riga_n revel_v and_o divers_a other_o city_n then_o the_o merchant_n of_o venetia_n florence_n genova_n lucca_n milan_n and_o other_o now_o then_o these_o nation_n have_v by_o this_o mean_v each_o here_o a_o residence_n supply_v this_o city_n of_o bruges_n with_o the_o particular_a commodity_n of_o their_o country_n as_o first_o the_o italian_n they_o bring_v camlet_n grogram_n thread_n of_o silk_n silver_n and_o gold_n and_o clothes_n make_v thereof_o also_o jewel_n wine_n of_o candia_n allom_n brimstone_n oil_n spice_n and_o drug_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o they_o have_v by_o their_o trade_n of_o egypt_n india_n arabia_n and_o grecia_n 2._o the_o french_a bring_v salt_n wine_n white_a and_o red_a paper_n linens_n and_o some_o oil_n the_o english_a wool_n lead_v tin_n beer_n and_o some_o woollen_a clothes_n for_o veil_n for_o woman_n use_v in_o those_o day_n 4._o the_o scot_n bring_v skin_n of_o sheep_n and_o coney_n and_o such_o like_a 5._o the_o spaniard_n and_o portuguese_n bring_v grain_n for_o scarlet_n die_v gold_n silver_n raw_a silk_n some_o drug_n and_o spice_n 6._o the_o german_n dane_n and_o pollacks_n bring_v honey_n wax_n corn_n saâ—…petre_n wool_n glass_n fur_n quicksilver_n rhemsh_a wine_n timber_n for_o building_n and_o the_o like_a and_o 7._o flanders_n yield_v to_o these_o horse_n cattle_n butter_n cheese_n herring_n and_o other_o sea_n fish_n woolle_n and_o linen_n clothes_n tapestry_n of_o great_a beauty_n and_o variety_n excellent_a picture_n and_o other_o manufacture_n and_o by_o this_o great_a concourse_n of_o nation_n flanders_n give_v the_o name_n to_o all_o the_o netherlands_o to_o increase_v yet_o this_o trade_n bruges_n anno._n 1414._o get_v a_o privilege_n that_o they_o who_o be_v free_a of_o that_o city_n by_o gift_n buy_v birth_n or_o marriage_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o all_o confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n which_o exceed_v the_o privilege_n of_o any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o netherlands_o for_o those_o of_o 〈◊〉_d have_v the_o like_a yet_o lose_v it_o upon_o any_o force_n offer_v to_o the_o prince_n this_o trade_n thus_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1485._o when_v it_o begin_v to_o decay_v partly_o by_o the_o narrowness_n and_o unsafety_n of_o the_o port_n of_o sluice_n and_o the_o river_n lead_v from_o thence_o to_o bruges_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o large_a and_o commodious_a river_n sceldis_n
according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o each_o that_o will_v depart_v hence_o discharge_v 101_o dollar_n 6_o asper_n to_o the_o custom-house_n of_o constantinople_n and_o galatta_n and_o to_o the_o captain_n of_o these_o castle_n and_o here_o 124_o dollar_n 54_o asper_n more_o i_o and_o my_o ship_n be_v clear_v and_o discharge_v hence_o and_o be_v free_v and_o my_o sail_n fly_v i_o begin_v to_o descry_v the_o arch_n and_o there_o survey_v what_o island_n of_o note_n and_o consequence_n i_o find_v in_o those_o sea_n leave_v behind_o i_o the_o main_a continent_n of_o europe_n and_o have_v thus_o perform_v my_o land-travel_a and_o full_o discover_v and_o lay_v open_a the_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n thereof_o i_o be_o call_v upon_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o survey_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o principal_a island_n comprehend_v under_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n europe_n chap._n ccxlviii_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o isle_n seat_v in_o the_o egean_a ionian_a mediterranean_a and_o adriatic_a sea_n tenedos_n tenedos_n the_o first_o island_n fall_v in_o view_n come_v out_o of_o the_o hellespont_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o tenedos_n opposite_a to_o troy_n which_o have_v a_o pretty_a town_n in_o it_o and_o enrich_v with_o excellent_a wine_n samothracia_n samothracia_n the_o next_o be_v samothracia_n in_o the_o egean_a sea_n afford_v at_o samia_n a_o good_a harbour_n for_o ship_n â—…d_v nought_o else_o of_o consequence_n lemnos_n lemnos_n lemnos_n be_v the_o next_o in_o the_o say_a sea_n sigillata_fw-la terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la afford_v that_o sovereign_a mineral_n against_o infection_n call_v â—era_fw-la sigillata_fw-la the_o earth_n thereof_o be_v make_v into_o little_a pellet_n and_o seal_v with_o the_o turk_n chaâ—…ter_n and_o so_o disperse_v over_o all_o christendom_n for_o a_o excellent_a antidote_n scio._n scio._n scio_fw-la or_o chios_n be_v the_o next_o of_o note_n afford_v that_o excellent_a gum_n call_v mastic_n which_o in_o 〈◊〉_d and_o august_n the_o inhabitant_n do_v force_v out_o of_o tree_n by_o make_v of_o deep_a incision_n into_o the_o â—…k_n thereof_o with_o sharp_a instrument_n out_o of_o which_o the_o juice_n drop_v be_v afterward_o harden_a like_o â—…to_o a_o bright_a gum_n and_o in_o september_n follow_v gather_v mastic_n mastic_n which_o mastic_n be_v farm_a of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d signior_n as_o his_o peculiar_a commodity_n and_o therefore_o ever_o maintain_v at_o a_o constant_a â—…ce_n and_o hence_o disperse_v throughout_o the_o world_n chap._n ccxlix_o of_o scio_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o scio_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o smyrna_n how_o that_o of_o late_a day_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o traffic_n be_v in_o this_o island_n in_o the_o town_n of_o scio_fw-la where_o a_o consul_n for_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n do_v reside_v but_o find_v the_o port_n of_o smyrna_n seat_v on_o the_o continent_n more_o proper_a for_o lade_n of_o cotton_n and_o cotton-yarn_n and_o other_o gross_a good_n the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o seat_n they_o remove_v their_o habitation_n thither_o and_o with_o they_o be_v that_o trade_n that_o be_v here_o also_o remove_v yet_o in_o that_o be_v find_v a_o place_n where_o great_a concourse_n of_o merchant_n be_v find_v we_o own_v it_o a_o touch_n of_o its_o weight_n and_o measure_n etc._n etc._n scio._n account_n in_o scio._n account_n be_v and_o be_v keep_v in_o dollar_n of_o 80_o asper_n and_o of_o asper_n as_o in_o constantinople_n the_o money_n be_v the_o same_o in_o general_n mention_v in_o constantinople_n save_o that_o commerce_n do_v oftentimes_o make_v they_o be_v here_o two_o or_o three_o per_fw-la cent._n better_a esteem_v scio._n weight_n of_o scio._n the_o weight_n here_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o dram_n of_o turkey_n that_o i_o mention_v in_o constantinople_n 100_o dram_fw-la make_v a_o rotolo_n which_o be_v 19â…”_n ounce_n venice_n subtle_a 400_o dram_fw-la make_v a_o oak_n too_o rotolos_n make_v a_o quintar_n account_v incirca_fw-la 118_o l._n english_a and_o shall_v hold_v as_o in_o sinyrna_n 120_o l._n but_o daily_a experience_n find_v the_o contrary_a both_o here_o and_o in_o smyrna_n not_o make_v above_o 118_o l._n subtle_a averdupois_n scio._n measure_n in_o scio._n their_o measure_n be_v here_o two_o the_o linen_n pico_n quarter_n 26_o inch_n and_o the_o cloth_n pico_n usual_a in_o constantinople_n of_o 27_o inch_n for_o other_o passage_n vide_fw-la further_n constantinople_n and_o smyrna_n lesbos_n lesbos_n i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o island_n in_o these_o sea_n which_o at_o first_o lesbos_n in_o which_o mitylena_n be_v note_v for_o the_o principal_a town_n where_o be_v bear_v sapph_n the_o inventress_n of_o the_o saphick_a verse_n pittacus_n one_o of_o the_o sage_n of_o greece_n arion_n the_o dolphin_n harper_n and_o which_o have_v samouse_v this_o island_n to_o posterity_n negroponte_fw-la negroponte_fw-la negroponte_n be_v the_o next_o where_o the_o sea_n eb_v and_o flow_v seven_o time_n a_o day_n which_o because_o aristotle_n can_v not_o unriddle_v he_o here_o drown_v himself_o the_o chief_a be_v colchis_n caristis_fw-la and_o other_o salamais_fw-fr seiros_n salamais_fw-fr here_o be_v also_o seiros_n salamis_n the_o 12_o sporades_n delos_n delos_n also_o delos_n where_o oracle_n be_v give_v to_o the_o petitioner_n and_o the_o 35_o island_n of_o cyclades_n which_o afford_v nothing_o note_v worthy_a semos_n semos_n also_o sâ—…_n the_o habitation_n of_o that_o fortunate_a infortunate_a polycrates_n coos_n coos_n and_o coos_n the_o birth_n place_n of_o apelles_n and_o hypocrates_n pathmos_n pathmos_n than_o pathmos_n where_o st._n john_n write_v his_o revelation_n be_v confine_v hither_o by_o domitian_n which_o be_v now_o of_o small_a account_n save_v only_o in_o their_o number_n and_o so_o i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o rhodes_n chap._n ccl_o of_o rhodes_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o rhodes_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o fame_n of_o this_o island_n and_o city_n be_v sufficient_o know_v through_o europe_n and_o the_o yalour_n of_o the_o ancient_a knight_n the_o master_n thereof_o sufficient_o testify_v in_o the_o desence_n thereof_o it_o now_o in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodious_a harbour_n and_o sitâ—ution_n daily_o increase_v and_o many_o merchant_n christian_n be_v find_v to_o frequent_v the_o place_n by_o day_n but_o must_v by_o night_n get_v lodging_n in_o the_o suburb_n so_o fearful_a be_v the_o turk_n of_o the_o loss_n or_o surpriâ—…_n of_o this_o place_n which_o cost_v they_o so_o much_o blood_n in_o the_o gain_n rhodes_n commodity_n of_o rhodes_n this_o city_n be_v a_o mart_n for_o most_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o arch_n as_o of_o corn_n wines_n oil_n raisin_n wax_n honey_n cordivant_n some_o cotton-woolls_a and_o yarn_n and_o stuff_v make_v thereof_o as_o dimity_n vermillion_n and_o also_o some_o damask_n and_o other_o stuff_n of_o silk_n etc._n etc._n rhodes_n account_n in_o rhodes_n their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o asper_n only_a amount_v by_o increase_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n treasure_n to_o hundred_o and_o thousand_o and_o so_o to_o load_v or_o cargo_n which_o be_v 10000_o asper_n rhodes_n coin_n current_a in_o rhodes_n their_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o throughout_o turkey_n all_o other_o coin_n be_v rather_o esteem_v here_o as_o a_o commodity_n than_o a_o coin_n for_o they_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o contract_n so_o that_o in_o all_o bargain_n here_o the_o price_n of_o money_n by_o the_o buyer_n as_o well_o as_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n by_o the_o seller_n must_v be_v agree_v upon_o rhodes_n weight_n in_o rhodes_n their_o weight_n be_v a_o rotolo_n the_o quintar_n be_v 100_o rotolos_n which_o rotolos_n 100_o do_v make_v in_o england_n 536_o l._n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o rotolo_n be_v averdupois_n 5_o l._n 6_o ounce_n incirca_fw-la and_o have_v make_v in_o venice_n 800_o l._n subtle_a and_o 506_o l._n gross_a by_o observation_n and_o in_o genova_n have_v make_v 762_o l._n subtle_a in_o florence_n 701_o l._n in_o rome_n 676_o l._n in_o rhagusa_n 666_o l._n rhodes_n measure_n in_o rhodes_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o cane_n which_o be_v about_o 84_o inch_n english_a other_o note_n have_v not_o come_v tâ—_n my_o hand_n therefore_o from_o hence_o i_o will_v sail_v to_o candia_n ancient_o crect_n chap._n ccli_o of_o candia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o candia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o island_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o egean_a sea_n candia_n commodity_n of_o candia_n and_o be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o these_o commodity_n which_o it_o afford_v for_o merchant_n first_o muskadel_n whereof_o there_o be_v above_o 2000_o 〈◊〉_d yearly_o export_v then_o in_o sugar_n refine_v and_o hence_o call_v candid_a in_o gum_n honey_n wax_n 〈◊〉_d date_n olive_n apple_n orange_n lemon_n raisin_n but_o desicient_a in_o
and_o island_n sicilia_n account_n in_o palermo_n and_o all_o sicilia_n their_o account_n be_v here_o keep_v by_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n one_o ounce_n be_v 30_o tarry_v one_o tarry_v be_v 20_o grain_n sicilia_n money_n current_n in_o sicilia_n their_o money_n be_v also_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n account_v one_o ounce_n to_o be_v 30_o tarry_v which_o be_v 5_o florin_n of_o carlins_n 12_o the_o florin_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v 20_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o sol._n 6_o den._n small_a money_n one_o tari_n to_o be_v two_o carlin_n one_o carlin_n to_o be_v 10_o grain_n and_o be_v 12_o livre_n one_o grain_n be_v 6_o picholies_n and_o be_v 7½_n den._n money_n siciliano_n one_o poncto_fw-la be_v 8_o picholis_fw-la a_o ducat_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 13_o tarry_v note_v that_o for_o the_o money_n which_o they_o pay_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n they_o give_v allowance_n 1½_n per_fw-la cent._n for_o bad_a money_n palermo_n weight_n in_o palermo_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o throughout_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicilia_n there_o be_v but_o one_o weight_n in_o use_n only_o in_o messina_n except_v which_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o due_a place_n now_o this_o weight_n of_o sicilia_n in_o general_n be_v the_o rotolo_n 30_o ounce_n which_o be_v 2½_n l._n sicilian_n 300_o rot._n make_v the_o cantar_n which_o 100_o l._n have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 173_o l._n circa_fw-la english_a some_o have_v find_v it_o to_o yield_v 148_o l._n english_a or_o proper_o in_o gross_a to_o say_v 1_o c._n 2_o quarter_n 4_o l._n incirca_fw-la and_o in_o venetia_n subtle_a to_o have_v produce_v 260_o l._n or_o venice_n gross_a 163_o l._n circa_fw-la and_o have_v be_v find_v to_o render_v in_o florence_n 225_o in_o 230_o l._n but_o yet_o by_o the_o calculation_n i_o make_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o 221_o l._n just_a it_o be_v in_o rhagusa_n 218_o l._n in_o cattarro_n 78_o l._n alexandris_n zera_n 83_o rot._n ditto_n forfori_n 185_o rot._n in_o damascus_n 43½_n rot._n etc._n etc._n length_n measure_n of_o length_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v the_o cane_n which_o be_v in_o london_n about_o 80_o or_o 81_o inch_n by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v 2¼_n yard_n english_a this_o cane_n be_v divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n which_o be_v about_o 10_o inch_n the_o cane_n make_v 3_o cloth_n brace_n in_o venetia_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n which_o be_v the_o prime_a commodity_n of_o this_o place_n and_o kingdom_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o gross_a salmo_n and_o the_o general_a sicilian_a salmo_n which_o be_v the_o small_a salmo_n upon_o which_o general_a salmo_n these_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v thus_o with_o these_o country_n in_o rhagusa_n staro_n 3⅕_n dalmatia_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n ancoma_n somma_n 1½_n ricanati_fw-la somma_n 1⅔_n rimine_fw-la staro_fw-la 1½_n bolonia_n corbe_n 3½_n in_o andalusia_n 5_o fanego_n in_o portugal_n 22½_n alquiers_n in_o florence_n 11¼_n staios_n in_o avignon_n 5_o sesteros_fw-la in_o venetia_n 3_o staros_fw-la and_o 1_o quarter_n in_o pisa_n 11_o 18_o staros_fw-la bergamo_n staro_fw-la 13._o milan_n mesni_fw-la 4⅛_n genova_n measure_n 2⅓_n in_o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 9_o in_o tripoli_n cafesie_n 15._o in_o tunis_n cafesie_n 15._o alexandria_n ribebe_fw-la 1_o l._n 1._o candia_n measure_v 14._o corfu_n mosie_a 2⅓_n catarro_n staro_fw-mi 3¼_n verona_n minali_fw-la 7_o quastero_fw-la vicentia_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n milan_n staro_fw-mi 9¾_n treviso_n staro_fw-la 3._o modena_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o parma_n staro_fw-mi 6½_n mirandola_n staro_fw-la 3_o 5_o 7._o the_o gross_a salmo_n of_o palermo_n and_o sicilia_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v in_o spalatto_n staro_fw-la 4._o rhagusa_n staro_fw-mi 3⅓_n segnia_fw-la quart_n 12._o arbe_n staro_fw-la 4._o istria_n staro_fw-la 4._o milan_n staro_fw-la 12._o vincentia_fw-la staro_fw-la 12._o ferrara_n staro_fw-la 11._o forli_fw-la staro_fw-la 3_o quaterroli_fw-la 14_o bologna_n corbe_v 4⅓_n mantua_n staro_fw-la 10._o cremona_n somma_n 2._o bergamo_n staro_fw-la 16._o verona_n minali_fw-la 8_o &_o 11½_n quarteroli_fw-la brassia_n somma_n 2⅔_n milan_n mesini_fw-la 5_o 1_o 9_o florentia_n staro_fw-la 14._o wherein_o i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o the_o large_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o general_a use_n of_o this_o measure_n in_o the_o lewant_n note_v that_o both_o the_o gross_a and_o general_a salmo_n be_v divide_v into_o into_o 16_o tomelos_n and_o that_o the_o gross_a salmo_n be_v great_a than_o the_o general_a salmo_n about_o 17_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o observe_v that_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n of_o corn_n here_o buy_v be_v 3_o tarry_v and_o 15_o grain_n the_o salmo_n but_o if_o corn_n be_v above_o 18_o tarry_v per_n salmo_n it_o pay_v also_o a_o new_a impost_n which_o be_v per_fw-la salmo_n salt_n of_o salt_n salt_n be_v also_o sell_v by_o the_o salmo_n which_o in_o trappano_n be_v make_v in_o great_a quantity_n where_o at_o my_o be_v here_o i_o observe_v to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o 3_o ordinary_a salmos_n of_o corn_n divide_v also_o in_o 16_o tomelos_n which_o make_v sicilia_n weight_n about_o 7_o cantaros_n oil_n of_o oil_n oil_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o cantaro_n which_o be_v 2¾_n barrel_n of_o florence_n and_o have_v make_v 180_o l._n english_a sicilia_n custom_n of_o sicilia_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o island_n be_v common_o 9_o and_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n but_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n for_o food_n pay_v 12_o per_fw-la cent._n exchange_n exchange_n palermo_n be_v also_o a_o place_n of_o great_a exchange_n which_o brief_o at_o my_o be_v there_o do_v run_v thus_o with_o other_o place_n always_o note_v that_o all_o bill_n come_v from_o abroad_o pay_v one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n to_o make_v good_a money_n and_o they_o exchange_v by_o ponctos_fw-la as_o i_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o naples_n with_o naples_n and_o they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 160_o pomutos_n incirca_fw-la to_o have_v in_o naples_n a_o ducat_n current_n and_o their_o account_n be_v make_v as_o in_o the_o particular_a of_o naples_n be_v express_v rome_n with_o rome_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 26_o or_o 27_o carlin_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n a_o ducat_n de_fw-fr camera_n valentia_n with_o valentia_n they_o give_v in_o palermo_n 6_o tarry_v account_v and_o 1_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n more_o to_o have_v in_o valentia_n 10_o sold._n 3_o den._n and_o a_o crown_n of_o 12_o tarry_v be_v 20_o sold_n and_o a_o ducat_n of_o 13_o tarry_v be_v there_o estimate_v for_o 21_o sold._n messina_n with_o messina_n with_o messina_n and_o syracuse_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o exchange_v with_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o same_o money_n this_o note_n of_o equality_n or_o par_n i_o also_o learned_a here_o for_o current_n for_o valentia_n sell_v 9_o dc_o 10¾_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o barselona_n sol._n 11_o d._n 3⅖_n per_fw-la florin_n for_o majorca_n sell_v 14_o d._n 10½_n per_fw-la florin_n and_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n they_o consider_v the_o interest_n to_o he_o that_o take_v by_o exchange_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n which_o they_o recover_v according_o for_o the_o other_o particular_a circumstance_n thereof_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n where_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n and_o messina_n be_v large_o handle_v and_o as_o the_o same_o may_v more_o ample_o there_o appear_v in_o the_o chapter_n 419_o 420_o 421_o 422_o 423_o 424_o and_o 425._o with_o all_o particular_a circumstance_n whereto_o i_o desire_v to_o be_v refer_v for_o better_a satisfaction_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n survey_v the_o trade_n of_o messina_n the_o second_o eminent_a city_n of_o traffic_n in_o this_o island_n chap._n cclviii_o of_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o messina_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o last_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o island_n be_v mona_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o nicosia_n in_o the_o midland_n milaso_n on_o the_o north_n promontory_n and_o messina_n in_o the_o face_n opposite_a to_o reggio_n in_o calabria_n which_o fare_n have_v in_o time_n past_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o those_o ancient_o account_v peril_n scylla_n and_o charybdis_n the_o one_o a_o sand_n and_o the_o other_o a_o rock_n oppose_v each_o other_o at_o the_o entrance_n thereof_o now_o not_o so_o much_o fear_v by_o our_o seaman_n by_o be_v more_o expert_a this_o town_n be_v the_o most_o eminent_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o this_o island_n and_o inhabit_v by_o many_o merchant_n which_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o haven_n do_v much_o further_a and_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o yearly_a fair_n much_o augment_v the_o commodity_n proper_a hitherto_o as_o also_o to_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o also_o the_o
manner_n of_o keep_v their_o account_n i_o have_v note_v but_o money_n find_v some_o variation_n and_o diversity_n by_o reason_n of_o trade_n i_o will_v brief_o touch_v the_o same_o first_o then_o messina_n coin_n current_a in_o messina_n a_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o italy_n be_v worth_a 14_o tarry_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o place_n they_o account_v 12_o tarry_v a_o tarry_v as_o in_o palermo_n 20_o grain_n be_v 2_o carlin_n a_o ounce_n be_v as_o in_o palermo_n 30_o tarry_v a_o grain_n be_v 5_o pecoly_n a_o florence_n ducat_n do_v pass_v for_o 11_o tarry_v 4_o gr_n a_o ducat_n of_o camera_n of_o rome_n for_o 12_o tarry_v 6_o gr_n a_o ducat_n of_o carlins_n of_o naples_n for_o 10_o tarry_v 16â…”_n gr_n a_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v 12_o tarry_v a_o livre_fw-fr of_o gross_a of_o venice_n be_v 3_o ounce_n 21_o tarry_v 1_o gr_n one_o pound_n gross_a of_o aver_v be_v 1_o ounce_n and_o 10_o tarry_v marvedy_n 29½_n of_o spain_n be_v one_o tarry_v and_o a_o pound_n sterling_n be_v here_o note_n note_n the_o weight_n of_o messina_n be_v find_v to_o be_v two_o the_o first_o be_v the_o gross_a cantar_n whereby_o be_v weigh_v all_o manner_n of_o food_n flesh_n caviar_n fish_n tonnies_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v note_v to_o be_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n great_a than_o the_o second_o cantar_n and_o have_v produce_v by_o computation_n pound_n english_a 196_o in_o 198_o pound_n and_o the_o small_a cantar_n contain_v as_o the_o former_a 100_o rotolos_n of_o 30_o ounce_n or_o 2½_n pound_n siciliano_n do_v agree_v with_o the_o sum_n mention_v in_o palermo_n as_o be_v the_o common_a weight_n of_o all_o the_o island_n and_o account_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o be_v 173_o pound_n but_o find_v by_o experience_n of_o some_o english_a merchant_n 184_o pound_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o trial_n and_o they_o account_v 20_o pesos_n to_o make_v a_o subtle_a cantar_n and_o 22_o peso_n the_o gross_a which_o be_v the_o general_a cantar_n of_o palia_n messina_n measure_n in_o messina_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o same_o as_o mention_v in_o palermo_n which_o be_v the_o cane_n divide_v into_o 8_o palm_n for_o length_n and_o the_o salmo_n divide_v into_o 16_o tomolos_n for_o corn_n and_o so_o forth_o as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a handle_v under_o the_o chapter_n of_o palermo_n as_o serve_v for_o great_a use_n to_o the_o merchant_n that_o traffic_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n messina_n custom_n of_o messina_n all_o stuff_n of_o linen_n or_o woollen_a measurable_a of_o this_o kingdom_n sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v at_o messina_n 6½_n per_fw-la cent_n all_o commodity_n of_o weight_n from_o without_o the_o kingdom_n sell_v or_o not_o sell_v pay_v at_o messina_n 3_o per_fw-mi cent_n remove_v from_o ship_n to_o ship_n pay_v 3_o per_fw-mi cent_n or_o 3¼_n all_o merchandise_n that_o be_v convey_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o port_n of_o messina_n pay_v 6â…“_n per_fw-la cent_n messina_n fair_n of_o messina_n unless_o at_o the_o fairâ—…_n when_o as_o some_o commodity_n pay_v less_o than_o some_o other_o so_o that_o silk_n than_o pay_v only_o 3_o per_fw-la cent_n i_o have_v note_v a_o old_a print_a observation_n between_o london_n and_o messina_n to_o be_v thus_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o trial_n that_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o palermo_n be_v in_o london_n 172_o l._n the_o 100_o l._n of_o messina_n in_o silk_n make_v silk_n weight_n in_o london_n 43½_n and_o the_o rotolo_n of_o palermo_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 1_o l._n 9_o conce_n the_o 100_o yard_n have_v make_v 44½_n cane_n and_o that_o the_o cane_n have_v make_v in_o london_n 2¼_n yard_n or_o ell_n 1½_n goad_n of_o freeze_v and_o cotton_v and_o thus_o i_o will_v leave_v this_o city_n and_o island_n and_o sail_v to_o malta_n malta_n malta_n malta_n be_v the_o next_o island_n of_o note_n in_o these_o sea_n famous_v more_o by_o the_o knight_n the_o now_o possessor_n than_o by_o any_o traffic_n that_o be_v find_v therein_o it_o be_v the_o place_n where_o st._n paul_n suffer_v shipwreck_n and_o where_o he_o shake_v the_o viper_n from_o his_o hand_n into_o the_o flame_n which_o yet_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v persuade_v traveller_n have_v leave_v some_o virtue_n and_o relic_n thereof_o behind_o he_o which_o i_o refer_v to_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o it_o abound_v in_o cotton-wooll_n orange_n lemon_n citron_n honey_n wax_n and_o some_o other_o fruit_n the_o town_n of_o note_n be_v valetta_n saint_n hermes_n and_o malta_n and_o some_o other_o corsica_n corsica_n corsica_n be_v the_o next_o and_o seat_v opposite_a to_o genoa_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v be_v 300_o mile_n in_o compass_n bastia_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o genoese_a governor_n with_o a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o principal_a port_n for_o ship_n be_v saint_n florence_n in_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o saint_n boniface_n in_o the_o south_n the_o commodity_n thereof_o be_v oil_n fig_n raiâ—…s_n wates_n honey_n wax_n alum_n boxwood_n iron_n good_a horse_n and_o fierce_a mastiff_n little_o other_o commâ—ities_n it_o afford_v not_o their_o weight_n and_o measure_n agree_v with_o genoa_n sardinia_n sardinia_n sardinia_n be_v the_o next_o and_o account_v 550_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o spaniard_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n first_o cape_n luggudory_n towards_o corsica_n and_o second_o cape_n cagliares_n towards_o africa_n sardinia_n commodity_n of_o sardinia_n it_o afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n in_o good_a plenty_n and_o oil_n in_o a_o reasonable_a manner_n but_o abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o hide_n and_o cheese_n which_o in_o a_o homely_a manner_n be_v make_v here_o and_o hence_o disperse_v through_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v here_o many_o town_n such_o as_o be_v bossa_n santa_fw-it reparata_fw-la alquilastro_n and_o lasty_a callary_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o a_o word_n together_o with_o the_o trade_n thereof_o chap._n cclix_o of_o callary_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o callary_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o callary_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o island_n opposite_a to_o africa_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a vice-king_n enjoy_v a_o goodly_a haven_n and_o much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n and_o be_v a_o archbiâ—…p's_n see_v and_o well_o store_v with_o eminent_a citizen_n callary_n money_n of_o callary_n their_o money_n be_v general_o the_o money_n of_o valentia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n but_o they_o have_v proper_a to_o the_o island_n some_o copper_n or_o black_a money_n to_o which_o the_o ducat_n and_o liver_n of_o valentia_n be_v reduce_v and_o their_o account_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o that_o city_n sardinia_n weight_n in_o sardinia_n the_o common_a weight_n be_v the_o pound_n consist_v of_o 12_o ounce_n 160_o l._n thereof_o be_v their_o quinter_n be_v english_a 88_o in_o 89_o l._n and_o in_o marselia_n 101_o l._n in_o florence_n 125_o l._n circa_fw-la sardinia_n measure_n of_o sardinia_n their_o common_a measure_n be_v a_o vare_fw-la and_o a_o brace_n the_o vare_fw-la find_v to_o agree_v with_o valentia_n and_o brace_n with_o florence_n the_o first_o use_v in_o cloth_n and_o linen_n and_o the_o latter_a in_o silk_n etc._n etc._n further_a observation_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o island_n have_v not_o come_v to_o my_o hand_n therefore_o i_o will_v hence_o sail_v to_o the_o next_o island_n which_o be_v those_o of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n chap._n cclx_o of_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o majorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o majorca_n be_v seat_v also_o in_o these_o sea_n 300_o mile_n in_o circuit_n and_o 30_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o continent_n of_o spain_n the_o principal_a city_n be_v majorca_n a_o university_n and_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a viceroy_n minorca_n be_v nine_o mile_n distant_a from_o majorca_n and_o 150_o mile_n in_o compass_n wherein_o be_v minorca_n and_o java_n the_o principal_a town_n but_o mahon_n therein_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o excellent_a port_n able_a to_o contain_v 500_o sail_n of_o very_o great_a ship_n in_o safety_n from_o all_o weather_n whatsoever_o &c_n commodity_n of_o majorca_n &c_n &c_n this_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n corn_n wines_n oil_n this_o last_o be_v the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n which_o the_o english_a do_v here_o lade_v above_o 500_o tun_n yearly_a and_o sometime_o more_o and_o hence_o export_v by_o they_o if_o the_o spaniard_n have_v not_o otherwise_o occasion_n for_o it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n for_o from_o hence_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o all_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a navigator_n majorca_n money_n in_o majorca_n their_o money_n have_v reference_n to_o those_o current_n in_o spain_n and_o principal_o
city_n exchange_v and_o in_o what_o region_n or_o country_n seat_v second_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n wherein_o the_o account_n in_o that_o city_n be_v keep_v by_o exchanger_n three_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o money_n in_o use_n be_v observe_v and_o in_o what_o coin_n imaginary_a or_o real_a that_o city_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v its_o exchange_n with_o the_o other_o there_o mention_v four_o underneath_o that_o be_v orderly_o set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o other_o place_n the_o which_o by_o a_o line_n be_v find_v to_o be_v join_v and_o knit_v together_o and_o last_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o line_n be_v write_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n and_o city_n itself_o for_o which_o the_o say_a table_n in_o the_o say_a leaf_n be_v make_v as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o first_o leaf_n which_o be_v for_o placentia_n in_o italy_n where_o beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v these_o word_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o the_o which_o word_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o including_z line_n draw_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a have_v reference_n to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o place_n which_o be_v so_o include_v together_o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o reâ—e_n with_o genova_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o in_o the_o rest_n from_o one_o to_o another_o next_o to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a name_n of_o place_n follow_v the_o species_n or_o money_n exchange_v either_o by_o a_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o by_o a_o break_a and_o lesser_a denomination_n which_o the_o place_n in_o the_o table_n give_v in_o exchange_n by_o proportion_n with_o the_o other_o to_o who_o name_n the_o say_a money_n be_v place_v and_o put_v unto_o as_o to_o say_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n 100_o crown_n that_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o exchange_v between_o placentia_n and_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n be_v suppose_v and_o put_v by_o a_o equivalency_n or_o in_o value_n to_o that_o quantity_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v note_v in_o lion_n follow_v as_o in_o the_o say_a example_n placentia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o crown_n 97¾_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o say_a exchange_n that_o for_o every_o 100_o crown_n of_o placentia_n or_o of_o fiera_n or_o of_o mark_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o lion_n counter-payeth_a or_o give_v 97¾_n of_o his_o crown_n that_o be_v of_o the_o sun_n also_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n crown_n 1._o for_o sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o placentia_n exchange_v with_o genova_n it_o give_v or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o sell_v crownâ—_n of_o mark_n to_o have_v in_o genova_n sol._n 67._o 10_o d._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v lessen_v though_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n differ_v from_o the_o present_a rate_n yet_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v not_o any_o way_n lessen_v and_o whereas_o the_o rate_n and_o price_n of_o these_o exchange_n may_v here_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v from_o the_o current_a rate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o sundry_a place_n as_o at_o this_o very_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o that_o can_v take_v away_o the_o benefit_n that_o may_v redound_v to_o merchant_n by_o the_o use_n thereof_o nor_o prejudice_v the_o labour_n or_o judgement_n of_o he_o that_o calculate_v the_o say_a table_n because_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n do_v hourly_o differ_v and_o the_o money_n also_o be_v find_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v daily_o in_o sundry_a place_n upon_o which_o these_o exchange_n have_v their_o ground_n work_v and_o foundation_n and_o though_o a_o table_n be_v calculate_v precise_o to_o this_o present_a day_n and_o time_n yet_o ever_o the_o same_o can_v be_v publish_v it_o will_v find_v a_o disagreement_n in_o divers_a place_n chap._n cclxxvi_o the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n example_n the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o exchange_n by_o three_o example_n the_o method_n be_v thus_o understand_v the_o use_n thereof_o be_v easy_o comprehend_v which_o by_o three_o example_n i_o shall_v illustrate_v and_o make_v plain_a where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o exchange_v of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n whatsoever_o the_o rate_n mention_v in_o this_o table_n be_v not_o observable_a save_v only_o for_o the_o example_n sake_n and_o for_o instruction_n in_o the_o contract_n that_o may_v be_v make_v thereupon_o but_o the_o rate_v agree_v upon_o and_o by_o which_o the_o exchange_n be_v condition_v by_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o taker_n be_v the_o true_a and_o firm_a rule_n whereby_o the_o question_n be_v to_o be_v wrought_v example_n first_o example_n notwithstanding_o for_o the_o first_o example_n we_o will_v propound_v a_o question_n by_o a_o contract_a price_n according_a to_o the_o current_a rate_n mention_v in_o this_o say_a table_n and_o that_o from_o naples_n a_o merchant_n will_v exchange_v ducat_n 738._o 4._o 10._o with_o placentia_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n shuâ—_n be_v that_o which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o table_n of_o naples_n with_o the_o town_n of_o placentia_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n at_o grain_n 133_o for_o a_o crown_n by_o these_o three_o number_n in_o the_o table_n mention_v i_o work_v thus_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o thres_n say_v if_o 133_o grain_n give_v 1_o crown_n how_o many_o do_v 738_o ducat_n 4._o 10._o give_v and_o work_v arithmetical_o according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n it_o make_v 555_o crown_n 11._o 3._o of_o mark_n in_o credit_n to_o be_v give_v in_o â—…era_n of_o the_o say_v placentia_n example_n second_o example_n for_o a_o second_o example_n i_o will_v propound_v that_o naples_n will_v exchange_v 500_o ducat_n with_o placentia_n at_o sold._n 18._o 2_o d._n etc._n etc._n this_o example_n consider_v will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a save_v that_o in_o the_o former_a naples_n give_v the_o lesser_a or_o break_a number_n and_o in_o this_o naples_n give_v the_o whole_a and_o entire_a number_n notwithstanding_o which_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o find_v to_o differ_v as_o in_o other_o the_o like_a question_n in_o simple_a exchange_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o sol._n 18._o and_o den._n 2._o of_o valentia_n be_v pay_v for_o 1_o ducat_n of_o naples_n and_o by_o that_o price_n and_o rate_n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o livre_n of_o that_o money_n of_o valentia_n the_o propose_a sum_n of_o 500_o ducat_n in_o naples_n come_v into_o and_o by_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o table_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o three_o i_o say_v if_o one_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 18_o sol._n 2_o den._n how_o many_o shall_v 500_o be_v worth_n and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o make_v 454_o liurâ—s_n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n will_v 500_o ducat_n of_o naples_n give_v at_o the_o price_n aforementioned_a thus_o example_n three_o example_n all_o other_o exchange_n have_v their_o resolution_n as_o these_o two_o former_a but_o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v true_a some_o accident_n may_v interpose_v which_o may_v cause_v the_o question_n to_o have_v a_o double_a work_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o genova_n will_v exchange_v with_o venetia_n crown_n 1000_o of_o liures_fw-fr 4._o to_o livre_n 7_o l._n 10_o sol_fw-la of_o that_o money_n and_o the_o credit_n be_v require_v in_o ducat_n now_o then_o because_o the_o simple_a exchange_n give_v the_o money_n in_o livre_n you_o must_v make_v another_o reckon_n to_o reduce_v the_o same_o into_o ducat_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o neither_o in_o this_o nor_o in_o any_o other_o case_n will_v i_o have_v but_o one_o account_n make_v the_o which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n multiply_v i_o say_v then_o if_o 1_o crown_n be_v worth_a 7._o 100_o den._n and_o that_o 6_o s._n 4_o den._n be_v worth_n one_o ducat_n how_o many_o ducat_n will_v a_o 1000_o crown_n make_v and_o by_o work_v the_o question_n it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o make_v 1209_o ducat_n 13._o 6_o d._n for_o credit_n which_o from_o genova_n will_v be_v produce_v by_o a_o thousand_o crown_n in_o venice_n the_o question_n be_v well_o observe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v wrought_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o money_n be_v account_v by_o livre_n sol_n and_o den._n or_o as_o we_o say_v in_o england_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n it_o be_v account_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o sol._n or_o shill_n 20_o
make_v a_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n and_o 12_o denier_n or_o pence_n make_v a_o soldo_n or_o shilling_n the_o same_o rule_n also_o hold_v in_o those_o place_n who_o great_a money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o feign_a or_o who_o keep_v not_o this_o orderly_a succession_n as_o be_v the_o ducat_n of_o catalonia_n of_o castilia_n of_o rome_n and_o of_o pertugal_n also_o those_o crown_n who_o have_v no_o proper_a part_n also_o the_o ducatoon_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o and_o the_o florm_n in_o germany_n all_o these_o i_o say_v which_o ought_v to_o succeed_v in_o 20_o and_o 12_o that_o be_v in_o sold_n and_o den._n or_o shilling_n and_o penny_n and_o each_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v account_v according_a to_o the_o property_n of_o that_o country_n and_o as_o shall_v be_v signify_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n of_o that_o place_n among_o which_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v common_o resolve_v by_o the_o more_o principal_a of_o their_o own_o money_n as_o the_o exchange_n of_o sicily_n with_o catalonia_n castilia_n portugal_n brabant_n and_o england_n and_o howsoever_o they_o make_v their_o exchange_n either_o by_o the_o sicilian_a florin_n or_o by_o the_o ducat_n notwithstanding_o the_o parcel_n be_v resolve_v in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n which_o be_v thorough_o declare_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n and_o last_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n and_o day_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v in_o many_o country_n to_o differ_v in_o length_n of_o time_n and_o be_v limit_v of_o divers_a day_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n â—…sing_v and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n have_v a_o course_n set_v by_o a_o continual_a meeting_n of_o exchanger_n and_o their_o opinion_n in_o equality_n of_o value_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o needful_a circumstance_n of_o this_o art_n of_o exchange_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o learn_v where_o also_o he_o shall_v find_v at_o large_a how_o most_o of_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o reckon_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o table_n themselves_o as_o i_o find_v they_o calculate_v by_o the_o say_v geo_n bapt._n zuletta_n and_o other_o follow_v he_o chap._n cclxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n a_o place_n of_o fair_n or_o fiera_n of_o exchange_n in_o italy_n placentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o placentia_n this_o town_n be_v consider_v as_o a_o fair_a or_o staple_n of_o exchange_n and_o not_o as_o a_o city_n of_o trafficle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o esteem_n make_v of_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n but_o only_o of_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o exchange_v which_o be_v crown_n of_o mark_n in_o which_o money_n banker_n and_o exchanger_n do_v only_o treat_v and_o account_v in_o and_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v by_o crown_n sell_v and_o denier_n of_o mark._n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n here_o in_o use_n it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o other_o place_n be_v either_o crown_v one_o or_o crown_n one_o hundred_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n crown_n 100_o for_o 96¾_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 67._o 10_o sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 134._o 9_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 109½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 135½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 135_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29_o carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 128_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o 81½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 6_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n 4_o den._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 482_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 1_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_n 1_o 118¾_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 103½_n quarentins_n in_o the_o 382._o chapter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v how_o these_o exchange_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o calculate_v chap._n cclxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n paris_n and_o roven_n in_o france_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n etc._n etc._n in_o lion_n paris_n roven_n and_o through_o all_o france_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n denier_n and_o turnois_n and_o they_o here_o do_v exchange_n in_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o denier_n of_o the_o sun_n this_o livre_fw-fr be_v also_o call_v in_o some_o place_n of_o france_n a_o frank_n and_o 3_o livre_n or_o frank_n be_v account_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n by_o a_o decree_n and_o standard_n of_o the_o country_n pass_v at_o 58_o sol._n of_o the_o say_a crown_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o entire_a and_o whole_a sum_n or_o number_n either_o one_o crown_n or_o one_o hundred_o crown_n of_o the_o sol._n lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o placentia_n crown_n 100_o for_o 103½_n crown_v rome_n crown_v 100_o 99½_n ducat_n genova_n crown_n 1_o 66½_n sol._n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_n 1_o 115_o sol._n venice_n crown_v 100_o 116¾_n duc._n bank_n florence_n crown_v 100_o 106½_n crown_n lucca_n crown_n 100_o 117½_n ducatoon_n naples_n crown_n 1_o 124_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o 122½_n grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o 123_o grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 29½_n carlins_n antw_n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 96_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o den._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o den._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 436_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 485_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 119â…•_n ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 104_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 302._o and_o so_o follow_v of_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n chap._n cclxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n rome_n the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n in_o rome_n the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n julios_fw-la bacochs_n and_o quatrin_n and_o they_o exchange_n in_o ducat_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o camera_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o abovesard_n money_n be_v worth_a 10_o julios_fw-la or_o 100_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 400_o quatrin_n the_o julio_n be_v 10_o bacoch_n or_o else_o 40_o quatrin_n and_o the_o bacoch_n be_v 4_o quatrin_n the_o ducat_n of_o camera_n according_a to_o the_o old_a value_n be_v worth_a 2½_n per_fw-la cent._n more_o than_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n so_o that_o 100_o ducat_n be_v 102½_n crown_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n among_o merchant_n the_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n except_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o sicilia_n bologna_n and_o bergamo_n and_o to_o all_o other_o 〈◊〉_d give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o a_o 100_o ducat_n rome_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 97¾_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 97½_n 100_o crown_n genoa_n ducat_n 97â…›_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 97¼_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n ducat_n 85â…“_n 100_o ducat_n florence_z ducat_n 91¾_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 84_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 135_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 134â…”_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 134½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 15_o tarin_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 14_o 17_o tarin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 125_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 87½_n d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 24_o 2_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 8_o denier_n barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o sol._n 10_o denier_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 440_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 482_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o 119_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 119½_n ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n 326._o and_o so_o follow_v chap._n cclxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n the_o metropolis_n of_o liguria_n genova_n the_o exchange_n of_o genova_n in_o genova_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n current_n and_o they_o exchange_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v it_o that_o be_v the_o common_a in_o use_n of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a sol._n 90._o and_o in_o time_n past_a be_v worth_n less_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v imaginary_a and_o value_v according_a as_o the_o fair_n of_o exchange_n permit_v of_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a 68_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o
exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o whole_a sum_n to_o all_o except_v placentis_fw-la and_o lion_n the_o which_o be_v either_o one_o crown_n or_o 100_o crown_n the_o which_o crown_n be_v account_v of_o gold_n for_o all_o the_o place_n except_v milan_n venice_n and_o germany_n to_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o give_v the_o crown_n of_o 4_o livre_n current_a genova_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 66_o of_o gold_n for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sol._n 664_o of_o gold_n 1_o crown_n rome_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 98½_n ducat_n milan_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la 119_o sold_n venice_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la 7_o liv._o 10_o sol._n pico_n florence_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 106¼_n crown_v lucca_n crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n 118_o ducat_n naples_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 134_o grain_n lechi_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 135_o grain_n bari_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 134½_n grain_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 29â…“_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 29½_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 124_o gross_v london_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n 83_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 9_o saragosa_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 10._o barcelona_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n sol._n 23._o 8._o siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n marved._n 436._o lisbon_n crown_n 1_o of_o gold_n ray_n 470._o bologna_n crown_n 101_o of_o gold_n ducat_n 118½_n bergamo_n crown_n 110_o of_o gold_n ducat_n 118â…“_n frankford_n cro._n 1_o of_o 4_o liv._o cor_fw-la quarentin_n 92._o vide_fw-la chap._n 360._o how_o the_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n in_o lombardy_n milan_n the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n in_o milan_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n imperial_a and_o some_o in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n the_o money_n current_n be_v account_v the_o imperial_a money_n there_o be_v also_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o no_o settle_a price_n but_o now_o worth_a sol._n 135._o the_o crown_n of_o 6_o livre_n be_v it_o which_o some_o do_v use_v in_o exchange_n with_o genova_n the_o crown_n of_o 117_o sol_n be_v in_o use_n for_o the_o exchange_n of_o venetia_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n and_o sometime_o to_o genova_n and_o to_o all_o the_o other_o the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o or_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n except_v only_o to_o venetia_n which_o be_v of_o sol._n 117_o as_o aforesaid_a milan_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 134_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sold._n 135½_n 1_o crown_n rome_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 98¼_n ducat_n genova_n gold_n crown_n 1_o liv._o 4._o 10_o current_n venice_n cro._n 1_o of_o 117_o sol._n 1_o liv._o 7._o 6._o florence_n gold_n crown_n 100_o crown_n 105._o lucca_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 117_o ducat_n naples_n gold_n crown_v 100_o 133_o ducat_n lechi_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 134_o ducat_n bari_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 133½_n ducat_n palermo_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 29¼_n carlins_n mesina_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 29â…“_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n gold_n crown_n 1_o 124_o gross_v london_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 84½_n d._n sterl_n valentia_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 24_o sol._n barcelona_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 23._o 9_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n gold_n crown_n 1_o 434_o marvede_n lisbon_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 465_o ray_n bologna_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 118_o ducatoon_n saragosa_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 23._o 10_o sol._n bergamo_n gold_n crown_n 100_o 118_o ducatoon_n frankford_n gold_n crown_n 1_o 103_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 440._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n venice_n the_o exchange_n of_o venice_n in_o venetia_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o picol_n and_o some_o in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n gross_a and_o other_o in_o ducat_n and_o gross_v the_o money_n which_o here_o be_v call_v picoli_n be_v the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n the_o money_n which_o we_o here_o call_v gross_a be_v worth_a 1_o livre_fw-fr sol._n 62_o of_o picol_n or_o 10_o ducat_n the_o ducat_n be_v always_o worth_a livre_n 6._o sol._n 4._o of_o picol_n or_o else_o account_v 24_o gross_v the_o gross_a be_v worth_a sol._n 5._o 2_o d._n of_o picol_n and_o in_o the_o livre_fw-fr of_o gross_v it_o be_v account_v and_o reckon_v as_o in_o denier_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n only_o to_o placentia_n lion_n genova_n milan_n and_o bologna_n and_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o whole_a number_n either_o by_o one_o ducat_n or_o by_o 100_o ducat_n venetia_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 129_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 129½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 100_o 77½_n ducat_n geno_n liv._o pic._n ducat_n 7._o 10_o 1_o crown_n of_o 4_o liv._o current_a mill._n liv._o pic._n 7._o 6_o 5_o 1_o crown_n of_o 117_o sol._n florence_n ducat_n 100_o 82_o crown_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 100_o ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 100_o 100¼_n ducat_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 99¼_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o tarin_n 11._o 2_o mesina_n ducat_n 1_o tarin_n 10._o 18._o antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 91_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 60_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 7_o 6._o saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17_o 8._o barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17_o 10._o siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o marvedes_fw-la 320._o lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o rate_n 350._o bologna_n ducat_n 115_o ducatoon_n 100_o bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 117._o frankford_n ducat_n 100_o florin_n 127._o lucca_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 91._o vide_fw-la chap._n 368._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n the_o ducal_z city_n of_o tuscany_n florence_n the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n in_o florence_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n picoli_n and_o exchange_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n the_o money_n which_o be_v here_o call_v picol_n be_v the_o money_n current_n of_o the_o place_n the_o crown_n be_v always_o worth_a livre_n 7._o sol._n 10._o of_o picol_n wherein_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o place_n be_v divers_a in_o which_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n with_o the_o current_a money_n and_o here_o the_o variety_n be_v accord_v by_o the_o exchange_n they_o use_v also_o a_o ducat_n which_o be_v worth_a livre_n 7._o or_o else_o bolonini_fw-la 70._o in_o the_o use_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o lion_n placentia_n genova_n milan_n and_o venice_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o entire_a or_o whole_a number_n find_v to_o be_v either_o one_o crown_n or_o 100_o crown_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n crown_n 105_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n crown_n 105½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n crown_v 100_o 96_o ducat_n genova_n crown_v 106_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n crown_v 106½_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n crown_v 82½_n 100_o ducat_n lucca_n crown_v 100_o 112_o ducatoon_n naples_n crown_v 100_o 130_o ducat_n lechi_n crown_v 100_o 129_o ducat_n bari_n crown_v 100_o 129¼_n ducat_n palermo_n crown_n 1_o 28½_n carlins_n mesina_n crown_n 1_o 28â…“_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n crown_n 1_o 118_o gross_n london_n crown_n 1_o 80_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 4_o sold._n saragosa_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 6_o sol._n barcelona_n crown_n 1_o 23_o 2_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n crown_n 1_o 432_o marvede_n lisbon_n crown_n 1_o 460_o raise_v bologna_n crown_n 100_o 115½_n ducatoon_n bergamo_n crown_v 100_o 115_o ducatoon_n frankford_n crown_n 1_o 89_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 400_o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lucca_n a_o republic_n in_o tuscany_n lucca_n the_o exchange_n of_o lucca_n in_o lucca_n exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol._n and_o denier_n of_o picol_n and_o do_v change_n in_o ducatoon_n sol._n and_o denier_n the_o money_n here_o call_v picol_n be_v the_o current_n câ—…_n of_o the_o place_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v always_o worth_a liv._o 7._o sol._n 10._o of_o picol_n as_o in_o florence_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n of_o picol_n and_o be_v common_o call_v the_o crown_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n genoa_n milan_n and_o venetia_n and_o to_o all_o other_o the_o entire_a or_o whole_a which_o be_v one_o ducatoon_n or_o 100_o ducatoon_n lucca_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117¼_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 118¼_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 119_o 100_o duc._n genoa_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n
milan_n ducat_n 118½_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n ducat_n 92_o 100_o ducat_n florence_n ducat_n 113_o 100_o crown_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 114_o ducat_n lucca_n ducat_n 100_o 114â…”_n ducat_n bary_n ducat_n 100_o 115_o ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 24½_n carlins_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 24½_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 102_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 67_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 20_o sol._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 19_o 10_o sol._n barselona_n ducat_n 1_o 19_o 11_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 365_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 35_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 100¼_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o ducatoon_n 99½_n francfort_n ducat_n 1_o 85_o quarentins_n chap._n cclxxxv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o kingdom_n naples_n the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n in_o naples_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o ducat_n tarin_n grain_n and_o caval_n which_o be_v account_v in_o 5_o 10_o and_z 12_o fol._n the_o ducat_n be_v 5_o tarin_n or_o 100_o grain_n or_o else_o 1200_o cavalle_n the_o tarine_n be_v account_v 20_o grain_n or_o 240_o cavalle_n and_o the_o grain_n be_v 12_o cavalle_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v in_o use_v another_o sort_n of_o monies_n current_n which_o be_v carlin_n cinquin_n and_o torneses_n the_o carlin_n be_v 10_o grain_n or_o half_o a_o tarine_a from_o whence_o 10_o carlius_fw-la malt_v the_o ducat_n the_o cinque_fw-fr be_v 2½_n grain_n of_o which_o 4_o make_v the_o carline_n and_o 40_o the_o ducat_n the_o tornese_n be_v 6_o cavalle_n of_o which_o 5_o make_v a_o cinquine_n 20_o make_v a_o carline_n 40_o the_o tarine_a and_o 200_o the_o ducat_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n and_o lion_n palermo_n only_o except_v and_o to_o all_o other_o it_o give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o 100_o ducat_n naples_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n grain_n 133_o for_o 1_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 136_o 100_o duc._n lion_n grain_n 135½_n 1_o crown_n genoa_n grain_n 135_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n duc._n 134½_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n duc._n 100½_n 100_o duc._n florence_n duc._n 131_o 100_o crown_n lucca_n duc._n 113½_n 100_o ducatoon_n lechi_n duc._n 100_o 100¼_n ducat_n bary_n duc._n 100_o 99¼_n ducat_n palermo_n duc._n 1_o 174_o gra._n of_o 8_o pic._n mesina_n duc._n 96_o of_o 6_o tar._n 100_o ducat_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 88_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 66½_n pence_n sterling_n valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 18._o 2_o sol_n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 18_o sols_n barselona_n ducat_n 1_o 17._o 10_o sol_n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 330_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 346_o ray_n bolonia_n duc._n 114_o 100_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n duc._n 100_o 88_o ducatoon_n francfort_n duc._n 1_o 76_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 342._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lechy_a in_o calabria_n lechy_a the_o exchange_n of_o lechy_a in_o lechy_a the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n and_o have_v their_o money_n as_o in_o naples_n the_o mepolis_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o ducat_n tarin_n grain_n and_o cavaly_n account_v in_o 5_o 20_o and_o 12_o and_o in_o exchange_v it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o custom_n of_o naples_n specify_v in_o the_o former_a leaf_n lechy_a do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n grain_n 134_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n grain_n 136_o 1_o crown_n rome_n grain_n 135_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n grain_n 135_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n grain_n 134_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n duc._n 101½_n 100_o ducat_n florence_n duc._n 131_o 100_o crown_n lucca_n duc._n 116_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n duc._n 102_o 100_o ducat_n bary_n duc._n 100_o 100½_n ducat_n palermo_n duccate_n 1_o 22¼_n carlins_n mesina_n duccate_n 1_o 23_o carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 87_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 61_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n ducat_n 1_o 17._o 10_o sol_n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o 18_o sol._n barselona_n ducat_n 1_o 18._o 1_o sol._n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 328_o marvedy_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 348_o ray_n bologna_n grain_n 115_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n grain_n 114_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n ducat_n 1_o 75½_n quarentins_n chap._n cclxxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o bary_n in_o puglia_n bary_n the_o exchange_n of_o bary_n in_o bary_n their_o account_n and_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v in_o use_n in_o naples_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a leaf_n and_o the_o custom_n in_o exchange_v also_o be_v near_o comformable_a thereto_o bary_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n grain_n 133_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n grain_n 135_o 1_o crown_n rome_n grain_n 137_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n grain_n 134_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n grain_n 134½_n 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n duc_n 101_o 100_o ducat_n florence_n dac_n 130_o 100_o crown_n lucca_n duc._n 115½_n 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n duc._n 101½_n 100_o ducat_n lechi_n duc._n 100_o 99½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 22â…˜_n carlins_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 23_o carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 88_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 62_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 18_o saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 17._o 10_o barselona_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 18._o 2_o siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 330_o marved._n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 345_o ray_n bolonia_n grain_n 114_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n grain_n 112_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n ducat_n 1_o 75_o quarentines_n chap._n cclxxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o palermo_n in_o sicilia_n palermo_n the_o exchange_n of_o palermo_n in_o falermo_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o ounce_n tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n the_o which_o be_v successive_o account_v in_o 30_o 20_o and_o 6_o and_o other_o there_o be_v that_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n of_o monies_n in_o tarin_n grain_n and_o pichols_n and_o these_o account_v it_o by_o 12_o 20_o ann_n 6._o the_o ounce_n be_v 30_o tarin_n or_o 600_o grain_n or_o 3600_o pichols_n the_o tarin_n be_v 20_o grain_n or_o 120_o pichols_n and_o the_o grain_n be_v 6_o pichols_n beside_o which_o there_o be_v a_o crown_n in_o monies_n which_o be_v 12_o tarin_n or_o 2â—0_n grain_n or_o 440_o pichols_n the_o ducat_n be_v 13_o tarin_n or_o else_o 260_o grain_n or_o 1560_o pichols_n the_o florin_n be_v 6_o tarin_n or_o 120_o grain_n or_o 720_o pichols_n the_o carlin_n be_v ½_n a_o tarin_n or_o 10_o grain_n or_o 60_o pichol_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n and_o to_o lion_n and_o to_o all_o other_o place_n it_o give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v sometime_o one_o ducat_n or_o one_o florin_n or_o 1_o ounce_n or_o one_o hundred_o ounce_n palermo_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n carl._n 29â…“_n for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n carl._n 29½_n 1_o crown_n rome_n carl._n 29¼_n 1_o ducat_n genoa_n carl._n 29½_n 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n carl._n 29â…—_n 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n carl._n 24¼_n 1_o ducat_n florence_n carl._n 28_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n carl._n 25_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n gra_fw-mi di_fw-it pic_n 172_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a carl._n 23_o 1_o ducat_n bari_n tarin_n 118_o 1_o ducat_n mesina_n ounce_n 100_o 101½_n ounce_n antw_n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 106_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 73_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n florin_n 1_o 9_o 8_o sols_n saragosa_n florin_n 1_o 9_o 10_o sol._n barselona_n florin_n 1_o sol._n 9_o 7_o siv_n al._n med._n florin_n 1_o 185_o marved._n lisbon_n florin_n 1_o 196_o ray_n bolonia_n carl._n 25_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n carl._n 25¼_n 1_o ducatoon_n frankfort_n ducat_n 1_o 89_o quarentines_n vide_fw-la chap._n 419._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n cclxxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o mesina_n in_o the_o fair_a of_o sicilia_n mesina_n the_o exchange_n of_o mesina_n in_o mesina_n the_o account_n be_v keep_v and_o the_o money_n that_o be_v current_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o palermo_n aforemention_v only_o except_v in_o the_o exchange_n thereof_o with_o naples_n it_o give_v a_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o 100_o ducat_n this_o place_n and_o palermo_n be_v account_v to_o exchange_n with_o placentia_n or_o lion_n to_o give_v more_o one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n by_o the_o name_n of_o make_v good_a the_o money_n so_o that_o he_o that_o here_o be_v to_o pay_v money_n by_o exchange_n for_o the_o say_a place_n must_v pay_v 61_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n mesina_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n carl._n 29¼_n for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n carl._n 29½_n 1_o crown_n rome_n carl._n 29â…œ_n 1_o ducat_n genoa_n carl._n 29½_n 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n carl._n 29½_n 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n carl._n 22½_n 1_o ducat_n florence_n carl._n 28¼_n 1_o
crown_n lucca_n carl._n 25½_n 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n duc._n 100_o 96½_n duc._n of_o 6_o tarin_n lechy_a turin_n 11._o 14_o 1_o ducat_n bary_n carl._n 23½_n 1_o ducat_n palermo_n ounce_n 100_o 102_o ounce_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 107_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 72_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n florin_n 1_o sol_fw-mi 9_o 9_o d._n saragosa_n florin_n 1_o sol_fw-mi 9_o 10_o d._n barselona_n florin_n 1_o sol_fw-mi 9_o 8_o d._n siv_n al._n med._n florin_n 1_o 190_o marved._n lisbon_n florin_n 1_o 200_o ray_n bologna_n carlins_n 25¼_n 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n carlins_n 25_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n ducat_n 1_o 90_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 419._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxc._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n in_o brabant_n and_o collen_n in_o germany_n the_o low_a colonia_n the_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n and_o colonia_n in_o both_o these_o place_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gross_v so_o that_o their_o gross_v be_v there_o account_v as_o their_o denier_n or_o pefen_a and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o these_o two_o place_n they_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o other_o place_n london_n only_o except_v which_o they_o give_v not_o by_o the_o gross_a but_o by_o the_o sol._n or_o shilling_n antwerp_n and_o colonia_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n gross_n 125_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n gross_a 128_o 1_o crown_n rome_n gross_n 130_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n gross_n 129_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n gross_n 127_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n gross_a 94½_n 1_o ducat_n florence_n gross_n 112_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n gross_n 104_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n gross_n 91_o 1_o ducat_n lecchi_n gross_a 90½_n 1_o ducat_n bary_n gross_n 91_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n gross_a 107½_n 1_o ducat_n mesina_n gross_n 107_o 1_o ducat_n london_n sold._n 34½_n 1_o pound_v sterling_n valentia_n gross_n 107_o 1_o ducat_n saragosa_n gross_n 109_o 1_o ducat_n barselona_n gross_n 112_o 1_o ducat_n siv_n al._n med._n gross_a 106¼_n 1_o ducat_n lisbon_n gross_n 102_o 1_o ducat_n bolonia_n gross_n 104_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n gross_n 105_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n gross_n 78_o 1_o floren_n of_o 65_o quar_fw-la vide_fw-la chap._n 435._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxci_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n the_o metropolis_n of_o england_n london_n the_o exchange_n of_o london_n in_o london_n and_o throughout_o all_o england_n exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o pound_n shilling_n and_o pence_n sterling_n and_o cast_v it_o up_o as_o in_o other_o place_n by_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n by_o 12_o and_o 20._o and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o exchange_n to_o all_o place_n by_o the_o break_a number_n of_o pence_n sterling_n antwerp_n and_o colonia_n only_o except_v with_o which_o two_o place_n it_o exchange_v by_o the_o pound_n of_o sterling_a money_n above_o specify_v london_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sterl_n penny_n 64_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n penny_n 64_o 1_o crown_n rome_n pence_n 66_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n pence_n 65_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n pence_n 64¾_n 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n pence_n 50_o 1_o duc._n in_o banco_n florence_n pence_n 61_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n pence_n 53½_n 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n pence_n 50_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a pence_n 50½_n 1_o ducat_n bary_n pence_n 51_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n pence_n 57½_n 1_o ducat_n mesina_n pence_n 56½_n 1_o ducat_n antw._n &_o col._n pound_n sterl_n 1_o 34½_n shill_n flem._n valentia_n pence_n 57½_n 1_o ducat_n saragosa_n pence_n 59_o 1_o ducat_n barselona_n pence_n 64_o 1_o ducat_n siv_n al._n med._n penny_n 58½_n 1_o ducat_n lisbon_n pence_n 53½_n 1_o ducat_n bolonia_n pence_n 53⅓_n 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n pence_n 52_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n pence_n 59½_n 1_o florin_n vide_fw-la chap._n 443._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxcii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o valentia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o valentia_n valentia_n the_o exchange_n of_o valentia_n in_o valentia_n and_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o valentia_n in_o spain_n merchant_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sold_n and_o denier_n the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o place_n be_v rial_n and_o denier_n and_o ricl_v ten_o be_v account_v for_o a_o livre_fw-fr so_o that_o half_o a_o rial_n be_v a_o soldo_n the_o ducat_n be_v here_o imaginary_a and_o account_v for_o 10½_n rial_n and_o account_v 21_o sol_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_n of_o this_o place_n it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n spain_n and_o germany_n and_o to_o all_o other_o place_n the_o entire_a number_n either_o of_o one_o ducat_n or_o 100_o ducat_n the_o castiliano_fw-mi be_v also_o here_o find_v in_o use_n for_o a_o imaginary_a coin_n in_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o exchange_v with_o sevil_n and_o account_v worth_n 27_o sol._n 4_o denier_n valentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sol._n 23._o 6_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sol._n 23._o 8_o 1_o crown_n rome_n sol._n 24._o 2_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n sol._n 23_o 10_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n sol._n 23._o 9_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n sol._n 17._o 10_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n sol._n 23._o 0_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n sol._n 20._o 2_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n sol._n 18._o 0_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a sol._n 18._o 2_o 1_o ducat_n bary_n sol._n 18._o 1_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n sol._n 9_o 6_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n sol._n 9_o 7_o 1_o florin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 106_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 72½_n pence_n sterl_n saragosa_n ducat_n 100_o 102_o ducat_n barselona_n ducat_n 100_o 101½_n ducat_n siv_n al._n med._n sol._n 20._o 3_o 1_o ducat_n lisbon_n ducat_n 100_o 100⅓_n ducat_n bologna_n sol._n 20._o 3_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n sol._n 20._o 4_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n sol._n 14_o 1_o florin_n vide_fw-la chap._n 426._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxciii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o saragosa_n in_o catalonia_n saragosa_n the_o exchange_n of_o saragosa_n in_o saragosa_n merchant_n keep_v their_o account_n as_o in_o valentia_n aforemention_v and_o have_v the_o same_o money_n save_v that_o the_o ducat_n pass_v here_o in_o account_n for_o 22_o sol_n or_o 11_o rial_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v it_o give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n and_o to_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o 100_o ducat_n saragosa_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sol._n 23._o 8_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sol._n 23._o 11_o 1_o crown_n rome_n sol._n 24._o 3_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n sol._n 23._o 9_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n sol._n 23._o 8_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n sol._n 17._o 9_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n sol._n 22._o 10_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n sol._n 20._o 1_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n sol._n 17._o 10_o 1_o ducat_n lechi_n sol._n 18._o 1_o 1_o ducat_n bary_n sol._n 18._o 0_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n sol._n 9_o 8_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n sol._n 9_o 9_o 1_o florin_n antw._n &_o col._n duc._n 1_o 105_o gross_v london_n duc._n 1_o 73_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n duc._n 100_o 103_o ducat_n barselona_n duc._n 100_o 102_o ducat_n siv_n al._n med._n duc._n 100_o 105_o ducat_n lisbon_n duc._n 100_o 108_o ducat_n belonia_n sol._n 20._o 2_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n sol._n 20._o 1_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n duc._n 1_o 95_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 426._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxciu_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n the_o metropolis_n of_o catalonia_n barselona_n the_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n in_o barselona_n the_o use_n of_o account_n keep_v and_o the_o money_n be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v specify_v in_o valentia_n except_v that_o the_o ducat_n be_v here_o account_v sol._n 24_o which_o be_v twelve_o single_a rial_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o other_o place_n except_v to_o antwerp_n colonia_n london_n lisbon_n and_o germany_n to_o which_o it_o give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v either_o one_o ducat_n or_o 100_o ducat_n barselona_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n sold._n 23._o 10_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n sol._n 24_o 1_o crown_n rome_n sol._n 24._o 4_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n sol._n 24._o 2_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n sol._n 24._o 1_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n sol._n 18._o 2_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n sol._n 23._o 0_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n sol._n 20._o 2_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n sol._n 18._o 3_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a sol._n 18._o 2_o 1_o ducat_n bary_n sol._n 18._o 1_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n sol._n 9_o 10_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n sol._n 9_o 9_o 1_o florin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 103_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 72_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n duc._n 103_o 100_o
ducat_n saragosa_n duc._n 104_o 100_o ducat_n siv_n al._n &_o med._n duc._n 106_o 100_o ducat_n lisbon_n duc._n 100_o 104_o ducat_n bolonia_n sol._n 20_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n sol._n 20._o 2_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n ducat_n 1_o 9_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 426._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxcu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o sevil_n alcala_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o other_o place_n in_o castilia_n etc._n the_o exchange_n of_o sevil_n alcala_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n etc._n etc._n in_o these_o part_n and_o general_o throughout_o spain_n merchant_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o marvedy_n yet_o notwithstanding_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o exchange_v they_o have_v a_o imaginary_a ducat_n which_o ducat_n be_v account_v 375_o marvedy_n the_o crown_n of_o gold_n be_v ever_o worth_a 400_o marvedy_n and_o the_o single_a rial_n ever_o worth_a 34_o marvedy_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o all_o italy_n and_o lian_o but_o to_o all_o other_o place_n the_o whole_a number_n find_v to_o be_v either_o simple_o the_o single_a ducat_n or_o 100_o ducat_n there_o be_v also_o of_o old_a in_o use_n a_o imaginary_a coin_n call_v the_o castiliano_fw-mi wherewith_o these_o place_n do_v exchange_n with_o valentia_n and_o be_v 485_o marvedy_n sevil_n alcala_n and_o medina_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n marue_v 440_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n marved._n 445_o 1_o crown_n rome_n marved._n 450_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n marved._n 442_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n marved._n 438_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venice_n marved._n 330_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n marved._n 430_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n marved._n 370_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n marved._n 337_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a marved._n 334_o 1_o ducat_n bari_n marved._n 333_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n marved._n 180_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n marved._n 175_o 1_o florin_n antw_n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 105_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 72_o penny_n sterl_n valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol_fw-la 19_o 8._o saragosa_n ducat_n 100_o 104½_n 1_o ducat_n barselona_n ducat_n 100_o 108_o ducat_n lisbon_n ducat_n 100_o 109_o ducat_n belonia_n marved._n 372_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n marved._n 368_o 1_o ducatoon_n frankfort_n ducat_n 1_o 88_o quarentins_n vide_fw-la chap._n 426._o how_o these_o be_v calculate_v chap._n ccxcvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n lisbon_n the_o exchange_n of_o lisbon_n in_o lisbon_n and_o throughout_o portugal_n merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v in_o ray_n beside_o which_o they_o have_v a_o imaginary_a ducat_n which_o be_v account_v for_o four_o hundred_o ray_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v a_o whole_a number_n to_o anvers_n colonia_n london_n and_o germany_n which_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o say_v one_o ducat_n and_o to_o all_o other_o place_n it_o give_v on_o exchange_n by_o a_o break_a number_n lisbon_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n res_fw-it 472_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n res_fw-it 480_o 1_o crown_n rome_n res_fw-la 483_o 1_o ducat_n genoa_n res_n 476_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n res_fw-la 495_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n res_fw-la 354_o 1_o ducat_n florence_n res_n 465_o 1_o crown_n lucca_n res_fw-la 397_o 1_o ducatoon_n naples_n res_n 350_o 1_o ducat_n lechy_a res_n 352_o 1_o ducat_n bary_n res_n 348_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n res_n 190_o 1_o florin_n mesina_n res_fw-la 193_o 1_o florin_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 104_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 69_o d._n sterl_n valentia_n duc._n 105_o 100_o ducat_n saragosa_n duc._n 104¼_n 100_o ducat_n barselona_n duc._n 103⅓_n 100_o ducat_n siv_n al._n &_o med._n duc._n 106_o 100_o ducat_n bolonia_n res_fw-it 400_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n res_n 388_o 1_o ducatoon_n francfort_n duc._n 1_o 89_o quarentines_n chap._n ccxcvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o bolonia_n in_o italy_n bolonia_n the_o exchange_n of_o bolonia_n in_o bolonia_n some_o be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n and_o other_o in_o ducatoon_n sol_n and_o denier_n and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n rome_n genoa_n milan_n florence_n and_o lucca_n and_o to_o all_o the_o other_o the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v the_o ducatoon_n either_o one_o or_o one_o hundred_o bologna_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117_o for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 119¼_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 120_o 100_o ducat_n genova_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 117_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n ducat_n 100_o 114½_n ducat_n florence_n ducat_n 116_o 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 101_o 100_o ducatoon_n naples_n ducat_n 100_o 113½_n ducat_n lechi_n ducat_n 1_o 112_o grain_n bari_n ducat_n 100_o 112½_n ducat_n palermo_n ducat_n 1_o 24½_n carlins_n mesina_n ducat_n 1_o 24⅓_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducat_n 1_o 103_o gross_v london_n ducat_n 1_o 67_o d._n sterling_a valentia_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 2_o d._n saragosa_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 0._o barcelona_n ducat_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 1_o d._n siv_n al._n med._n ducat_n 1_o 370_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducat_n 1_o 395_o ray_n bergamo_n ducat_n 100_o 101_o ducatoon_n frankford_n ducat_n 1_o 87_o quarentins_n chap._n ccxcviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o bergamo_n in_o lombardy_n bergamo_n the_o exchange_n of_o bergamo_n in_o bergamo_n merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v in_o livre_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o picolis_fw-la and_o the_o exchange_n in_o ducatoen_n sols_n and_o denier_n the_o money_n of_o picoli_n be_v the_o current_a coin_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o same_o as_o be_v in_o use_n in_o venetia_n the_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o livre_n of_o picolis_fw-la so_o that_o 1_o sol_fw-mi of_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o sol_n of_o picolis_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o denier_n of_o ducatoon_n be_v worth_a 7_o denier_n of_o picoli_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v this_o place_n give_v the_o break_a number_n to_o placentia_n lion_n rome_n gencua_n milan_n venetia_n florence_n lucca_n naples_n and_o bologna_n and_o all_o other_o place_n the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n ducat_n 117¼_n for_o 100_o crown_n lion_n ducat_n 117½_n 100_o crown_n rome_n ducat_n 118_o 100_o ducat_n genova_n ducat_n 117¾_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n milan_n ducat_n 117¾_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n venetia_n ducat_n 87_o 100_o ducat_n florence_n ducat_n 111½_n 100_o crown_n lucca_n ducat_n 100¾_n 100_o ducat_n naples_n ducat_n 88½_n 100_o ducat_n lechi_n ducatoon_n 1_o 112_o grain_n bari_n ducatoon_n 1_o 110_o grain_n palermo_n ducatoon_n 1_o 25_o carlins_n mesina_n ducatoon_n 1_o 24½_n carlins_n antw._n &_o col._n ducatoon_n 1_o 104_o gross_v london_n ducatoon_n 1_o 67_o d._n sterl_n valentia_n ducatoon_n 1_o sol._n 20_o saragosa_n ducatoon_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 1_o d._n barcelona_n ducatoon_n 1_o sol._n 20._o 2_o d._n siv_n al._n med._n ducatoon_n 1_o 370_o marvede_n lisbon_n ducatoon_n 1_o 390_o ray_n bologna_n ducat_n 100⅛_n 100_o ducatoon_n frankford_n ducatoon_n 1_o 86_o quarentins_n chap._n ccxcix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o frankford_n norimberg_n augusta_n and_o vienna_n in_o germany_n vienna_n the_o exchange_n of_o frankford_n norimberg_n augusta_n and_o vienna_n in_o these_o place_n merchant_z be_v find_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o florin_n sol_n and_o denier_n as_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o the_o florin_n be_v 20_o sol_n or_o 60_o quarentins_n the_o quarentin_n be_v in_o some_o place_n call_v the_o craizer_n which_o be_v 4_o pfening_n so_o that_o 12_o pfening_n make_v one_o sol._n in_o the_o custom_n of_o exchange_v these_o place_n give_v the_o whole_a number_n which_o be_v the_o florin_n to_o london_n antwerp_n colonia_n and_o valentia_n and_o to_o all_o other_o give_v the_o break_a number_n which_o be_v the_o quarentin_n frankford_n norimberg_n augusta_n and_o vienna_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n quarentins_n 102_o for_o 1_o crown_n lion_n quarentins_n 103_o 1_o crown_n rome_n quarentins_n 104_o 1_o ducat_n genova_n quarentins_n 101_o 100_o ducat_n milan_n quarentins_n 102½_n 1_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n current_n venice_n flor._n 126_o 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n florence_n quarentins_n 96_o 100_o ducat_n lucca_n quarentins_n 86_o 1_o crown_n naples_n quarentins_n 77_o 1_o ducatoon_n lechi_n quarentins_n 77_o 1_o ducat_n bari_n quarentins_n 78_o 1_o ducat_n palermo_n quarentins_n 90_o 1_o ducat_n mesina_n quarentins_n 89_o 1_o ducat_n antw._n &_o col._n flor._n of_o 65_o quar_fw-la 1_o 80_o gross_v london_n florin_n 1_o 50_o penny_n sterling_a valentia_n florin_n 1_o sol._n 13._o 8_o d._n saragosa_n quarentins_n 96_o 1_o ducat_n barcelona_n quarentins_n 97_o 1_o ducat_n siv_n al._n med._n quarentins_n 87_o 1_o ducat_n lubon_n quarentins_n 86_o 1_o ducat_n bologna_n quarentins_n 88_o 1_o ducatoon_n bergamo_n quarentins_n 87_o 1_o ducatoon_n chap._n ccc_o
call_v by_o we_o interest_n upon_o interest_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a further_o to_o insist_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o show_v one_o particular_a circumstance_n much_o in_o use_n upon_o this_o place_n which_o be_v the_o account_n of_o discount_v which_o fall_v out_o in_o many_o occasion_n but_o principal_o when_o a_o merchant_n do_v here_o sell_v his_o commodity_n at_o 4_o 9_o or_o 10_o payment_n time_n and_o that_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o at_o any_o payment_n before_o the_o prefix_a time_n at_o a_o covenant_v rate_n a_o example_n or_o two_o in_o this_o kind_n i_o will_v also_o show_v serve_v for_o other_o country_n also_o where_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o discount_v be_v use_v with_o a_o brief_a manner_n how_o the_o same_o be_v easy_o cast_v up_o contrary_a to_o the_o method_n of_o many_o of_o our_o common_a arithmetician_n chap._n cccvi_o of_o the_o account_n of_o discount_n or_o rebate_n and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o use_v as_o well_o in_o lion_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n of_o trade_n elsewhere_o account_n of_o discount_n or_o rebate_n in_o lion_n and_o elsewhere_o amerchant_n sell_v a_o commodity_n for_o l._n 3709_o 12_o 9_o payable_a at_o a_o year_n to_o discount_n at_o pleasure_n at_o 2_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o a_o payment_n or_o fair_a now_o if_o the_o buyer_n pay_v the_o same_o content_n or_o in_o ready_a money_n how_o much_o aught_o the_o seller_n to_o rebate_v he_o for_o a_o discount_n for_o the_o 4_o payment_n or_o fair_n at_o the_o say_a price_n to_o do_v this_o succinct_o and_o brief_o i_o first_o draw_v the_o discount_n of_o the_o say_v l._n 3709_o 12_o 9_o at_o 108_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n by_o 2_o and_o of_o the_o product_n take_v 1_o â—_o of_o a_o 1_o 9_o or_o more_o facile_o 3_o three_o the_o one_o of_o the_o other_o the_o last_o whereof_o shall_v be_v the_o discount_n of_o the_o say_a parcel_n and_o so_o much_o must_v the_o seller_n rebate_v to_o the_o buyer_n the_o which_o discount_n deduct_v from_o 3709._o 12_o d._n 9_o there_o rest_v 343_o â—_o â—_o l._n 17._o 0_o d._n which_o the_o buyer_n ought_v to_o pay_v in_o ready_a money_n the_o which_o for_o better_a declaration_n i_o will_v lay_v down_o by_o example_n with_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o rule_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o certainty_n thereof_o prove_v example_n prove_v now_o the_o reason_n why_o out_o of_o 108_o per_fw-la cent_n there_o must_v three_o three_o be_v take_v one_o out_o of_o the_o other_o be_v because_o that_o 8_o which_o be_v the_o discount_n or_o rebate_v be_v contain_v 13½_n time_n in_o 108_o the_o which_o be_v 13½_n double_v be_v 27_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v divide_v by_o 27_o or_o for_o the_o brief_a and_o ready_a way_n take_v â…“_n of_o a_o â…“_n or_o three_o three_o one_o out_o of_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o to_o make_v the_o proof_n take_v â…›_n of_o the_o say_v 3434_o 17._o 0._o and_o in_o draw_v â…•_n of_o the_o say_a â…“_n the_o rest_n give_v 274._o 15._o 9_o l._n which_o declare_v that_o the_o rule_n be_v well_o and_o right_o make_v because_o that_o in_o this_o manner_n of_o discount_v or_o as_o we_o term_v it_o of_o rebate_n the_o time_n and_o price_n be_v find_v diverse_o to_o alter_v i_o will_v set_v down_o a_o brief_a table_n for_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o any_o sum_n for_o any_o fair_a or_o payment_n and_o a_o example_n or_o two_o for_o the_o understanding_n thereof_o thereby_o the_o better_a to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a and_o principal_a point_n of_o our_o account_n of_o exchange_n chap._n cccvii_o the_o table_n of_o cast_v the_o account_n of_o discount_n or_o rebatement_n rebatement_n a_o table_n for_o cast_v up_o all_o account_n of_o discount_n or_o rebatement_n imprimis_fw-la at_o 101_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 101._o at_o 101¼_n per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 81_o or_o take_v 1_o 9_o of_o a_o 1_o 9_o at_o 102_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 51._o at_o 102½_n per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 41._o at_o 102â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o 38½_n divide_v by_o 77_o or_o take_v 1_o 7_o of_o oneâ—_n â—_z at_o 104_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 26_o or_o take_v ½_n of_o a_o â—_o at_o 105_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 21_o or_o take_v â—_o of_o a_o 1_o 7._o at_o 106_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 17â…”_n divide_v by_o 53._o at_o 106¼_n per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 17._o at_o 107½_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o 14â…”_n divide_v by_o 43._o at_o 108_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 13½_n divide_v by_o 27_o or_o take_v â…“_n of_o a_o 3_o 9_o at_o 108â…“_n per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 13._o at_o 100_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 11_o or_o take_v â—_o at_o 112_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 9â…“_n divide_v by_o 28_o or_o take_v â—_o of_o one_o 1_o 7._o at_o 112½_n per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 9_o or_o take_v 1_o 9_o at_o 113½_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o 8½_n divide_v by_o 17._o at_o 114_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 8½_n divide_v by_o 57_o at_o 115_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 7â…”_n divide_v by_o 23._o at_o 116_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 7¼_n divide_v by_o 29._o at_o 116â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 7_o or_o take_v 1_o 7._o at_o 117½_n per_fw-la cent_n for_z 6_o 5_o 7_o divide_v by_o 47._o at_o 118_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o 6_o 9_o 5_o divide_v by_o 59_o at_o 120_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 6_o or_o take_v â…™_n at_o 122½_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o 5_o 4_o 9_o divide_v by_o 49_o or_o take_v a_o 1_o 7_o of_o a_o 1_o 7._o at_o 125_o per_fw-la cent_n divide_v by_o 5_o or_o take_v â…“_n rebate_v example_n of_o discount_v or_o rebate_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o precedent_a table_n note_n that_o for_o example_n to_o take_v the_o discount_n at_o 122½_n i_o divide_v the_o 22½_n in_o 2_o which_o make_v 45_o and_o the_o like_a of_o the_o 100_o make_v 200_o which_o divide_v by_o 45_o the_o product_n give_v 4_o 4_o 9_o and_o so_o many_o time_n 22½_n be_v contain_v in_o 100_o and_o because_o that_o the_o discount_n or_o rebate_v be_v always_o upon_o the_o 100_o one_o more_o be_v to_o be_v add_v thereto_o which_o make_v 5_o 4_o 9_o so_o that_o the_o say_a 22½_n be_v contain_v 5_o 4_o 9_o in_o 122½_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v divide_v by_o 4_o 4_o 9_o the_o which_o to_o do_v it_o be_v needful_a that_o all_o the_o same_o be_v put_v into_o ninth_n multiply_v by_o 9_o as_o well_o the_o sum_n out_o of_o which_o the_o discount_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o the_o say_v 5_o 4_o 9_o amount_v to_o 49_o for_o divisor_n and_o for_o to_o divide_v by_o 49_o as_o the_o brief_a and_o short_a way_n take_v the_o 1_o 7_o of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d because_o that_o 7_o time_n 7_o make_v 49._o 105._o another_o example_n of_o discount_v at_o 105._o again_o to_o draw_v the_o discount_n at_o 105_o per_fw-la cent_n i_o divide_v a_o 100_o by_o 5_o taking_z â…“_n which_o be_v 20_o to_o the_o which_o number_n i_o always_o add_v one_o for_o the_o reason_n beforementioned_a make_v thereby_o 21_o for_o divisor_n and_o for_o to_o divide_v by_o 21_o you_o must_v take_v â…”_n of_o the_o sum_n which_o the_o discount_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o and_o the_o â…“_n of_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v the_o discount_n 107½_n another_o example_n at_o 107½_n again_o for_o to_o make_v the_o discount_n at_o 107_o 〈◊〉_d i_o double_a 7½_n in_o two_o part_n which_o make_v 15_o and_o so_o of_o the_o 100_o make_v 200_o which_o i_o divide_v by_o 15_o taking_z â…•_n of_o â…•_n his_o product_n give_v 13_o 〈◊〉_d to_o which_o i_o add_v 〈◊〉_d make_v thereby_o 14â…“_n and_o so_o many_o time_n 7½_n be_v contain_v in_o 107â…“_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v divide_v the_o sum_n of_o which_o the_o discount_n must_v be_v make_v by_o 14â…›_n and_o thus_o do_v in_o all_o other_o sum_n and_o parcel_n chap._n cccviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o rome_n i_o have_v declare_v before_o in_o the_o general_a chapter_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n how_o many_o city_n lion_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o do_v govern_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v find_v at_o every_o fair_a and_o payment_n to_o alter_v yet_o it_o stand_v the_o merchant_n so_o far_o in_o stead_n that_o thereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o account_n both_o of_o his_o draught_n and_o remittance_n though_o otherwise_o alter_v from_o their_o note_a price_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n now_o rest_v to_o be_v handle_v that_o it_o may_v be_v discern_v how_o the_o exchange_n at_o lion_n be_v cast_v up_o with_o any_o other_o place_n
of_o lion_n with_o genoa_n lion_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v in_o that_o place_n positâ—_n of_o money_n in_o gold_n 59_o s._n 9_o d._n i_o demand_v for_o cro._n 9432._o 9_o of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o genoa_n in_o current_a money_n to_o do_v which_o first_o multiply_v the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o sol._n 59_o 9_o d._n and_o it_o make_v sol._n 563588._o 10_o d._n which_o reduce_v into_o liver_n make_v lib._n 28179._o 8._o 10_o mâ—ny_o of_o gold_n which_o divide_v by_o 68_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o a_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o that_o which_o rest_v of_o the_o division_n you_o must_v multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sol_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 8288._o 1._o 5_o of_o gold_n the_o which_o multiply_v by_o 4½_n which_o be_v the_o price_n at_o present_a of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o of_o its_o product_n will_v come_v lib._n 37296._o 6._o 4_o of_o money_n current_n and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n 9432._o 9_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o you_o must_v note_v that_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n cannie_v be_v reduce_v into_o current_a money_n unless_o first_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o crown_n of_o exchange_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o genoa_n do_v exchange_n for_o lion_n chap._n cccxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o milan_n lion_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n posito_fw-la 118â…“_n s._n i_o will_v know_v how_o many_o liver_n make_v crown_n 1564._o 15._o 6._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o millaâ—t_n to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v sum_n of_o crown_n by_o 5_o l._n 18._o 4._o which_o be_v the_o sol_n 118â—_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o l_o 5_o by_o the_o 6_o den._n and_o then_o by_o the_o 15_o which_o be_v with_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o proceed_v of_o the_o multiplication_n shall_v be_v l._n 9258._o 5._o which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n shall_v be_v manifest_a in_o the_o example_n of_o milan_n with_o lion_n chap._n cccxu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o venetia_n venetia_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o venetia_n lion_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v their_o ducat_n posito_fw-la 119â…”_n of_o liver_n 6â…™_n per_fw-la ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3549._o 10._o of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o venice_n to_o know_v which_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a 119â—_n ducat_n and_o the_o remainder_n produce_v by_o the_o say_a multiplication_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o 24_o because_o that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 24_o gross_n and_o out_o of_o that_o product_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v they_o will_v make_v dacâ—t_o 48_o 38_o 1_o 12_o which_o lion_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o venice_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o example_n facit_fw-la 4238_o ducat_n 2_o gross_n and_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n shall_v be_v manifest_v by_o example_n proof_n proof_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o venetia_n back_n for_o lion_n chap._n cccxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o bolonia_n bolonia_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o bolonia_n lion_n exchange_v with_o bolonia_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o bolonia_n crown_v 113_o of_o liver_n 4¾_n per_fw-la crown_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 3879._o 13._o 4._o of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o credit_n shall_v lion_n have_v in_o bolonia_n to_o do_v which_o multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o 113_o and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n then_o multiply_v they_o by_o 20._o and_o 12._o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 4282._o 6._o 5._o in_o bolonia_n the_o which_o you_o must_v bring_v into_o liver_n by_o multiply_v they_o by_o l._n 4._o 15._o which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o bolonia_n and_o they_o make_v l._n 20341._o 0._o 5._o which_o lion_n shall_v have_v credit_n for_o in_o bolonia_n the_o proof_n hereof_o serve_v to_o know_v how_o to_o make_v the_o account_n when_o bolonia_n exchange_v for_o lion_n and_o be_v do_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o 3_o saying_n if_o crown_n 213_o give_v 100_o crown_n how_o many_o shall_v 4282_o crown_n 5._o s._n 6_o d._n give_v chap._n cccxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o placentia_n lion_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v 119â…”_n posito_fw-la crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o placentia_n crown_v 100_o of_o marc._n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3489._o 15_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o crown_n shall_v be_v due_a to_o i_o in_o placentia_n to_o find_v which_o i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crowas_n 119â…”_n give_v 100_o crown_n of_o marc._n how_o many_o will_n crown_v 3489._o 15._o give_v the_o product_v of_o which_o rule_n give_v crown_n 2916._o 4._o 6._o d._n of_o marc._n and_o so_o much_o shall_v be_v due_a to_o i_o in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o example_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o placentia_n shall_v exchange_v with_o lion_n chap._n cccxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o antwerp_n lion_n exchange_v with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la 121â…“_n gross_n i_o demand_v then_o how_o many_o liver_n of_o gross_v i_o shall_v have_v there_o for_o cro._n 6895._o 11._o 3._o to_o do_v which_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a 121â…“_n gross_n and_o it_o give_v gross_v 836661_o out_o of_o which_o take_v 1_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 69721._o 9_o which_o to_o make_v into_o liver_n you_o must_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v the_o ½_n of_o the_o other_o and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o l._n 3486._o 1._o 9_o of_o gross_v which_o i_o shall_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o antwerp_n for_o the_o abovementioned_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o by_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n will_v appear_v when_o that_o antwerp_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o therein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o exchange_n that_o lion_n make_v with_o antwerp_n the_o calculation_n will_v serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o colonia_n because_o the_o same_o money_n be_v use_v in_o exchange_n in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o colonia_n as_o in_o antwerp_n and_o the_o same_o also_o be_v in_o use_n in_o amsterdam_n and_o throughout_o the_o netherlands_o chap._n cccxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o london_n london_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o london_n lion_n exchange_v with_o london_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o london_n posito_fw-la pence_n sterling_a 58_o i_o then_o demand_v for_o crown_n 7693._o 10._o 0._o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o lian_o of_o pound_n sterling_a shall_v i_o have_v in_o london_n work_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a rule_n and_o account_v from_o lion_n to_o antwerp_n and_o it_o will_v make_v sterling_a pound_n 1859._o 5._o 3._o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v the_o same_o give_v i_o in_o london_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n shall_v appear_v when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o exchange_n of_o london_n with_o this_o place_n of_o lion_n roven_n paris_n roven_n here_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o account_n be_v calculate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o either_o pâ—ris_n roven_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o france_n do_v exchange_n for_o the_o city_n of_o london_n or_o for_o any_o other_o city_n in_o england_n chap._n cccxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o francfort_n francfort_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o francfort_n lion_n exchange_v with_o francfort_n and_o give_v a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n quarentines_n posito_fw-la 95¼_n i_o demand_v for_o 1500_o crown_n of_o
govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a rule_n can_v be_v peremptory_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v make_v his_o calculation_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o it_o be_v also_o there_o note_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o what_o be_v to_o follow_v that_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n in_o rome_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n of_o stamp_n or_o camera_n sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n name_v of_o the_o eight_o stamp_n which_o be_v number_v by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o 12_o denier_n a_o sol._n the_o crown_n of_o stamp_n be_v worth_a 12_o julio_n the_o crown_n in_o money_n worth_a 10_o and_o the_o julioâ—_n worth_n 10_o baio_n chap._n cccxxvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o lion_n first_o then_o rome_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v cro._n 85_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o eight_o stamp_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o lion_n crown_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 3842._o 10._o 7._o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o lion_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crown_n 85_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o will_v 3842._o 10._o 7._o crown_n give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 4520._o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o dividend_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crown_n 4520._o 12._o 5._o of_o the_o sâ—…_n that_o rome_n ought_v to_o have_v in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap_n cccxxviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o placentia_n room_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 99¼_n crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v here_o crown_v 100_o of_o marc._n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1382._o 5._o 8._o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o marc._n placentia_n shall_v have_v you_o must_v reduce_v the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 15_o for_o the_o ¼_n of_o a_o crown_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a price_n give_v crown_n 100_o of_o marc._n how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n in_o do_v which_o they_o will_v amount_v to_o crown_n 1385._o 14._o 11._o of_o marc._n which_o must_v be_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o placentia_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o florence_n room_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1476._o 2._o 3._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n shall_v rome_n have_v in_o the_o say_v florence_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v reduce_v as_o afore_o be_v say_v the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n of_o gold_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 5_o sol_n for_o the_o ¼_n crown_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_a price_n give_v crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o have_v sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o come_v to_o crown_n 1600._o 5._o 2._o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o credit_n must_v rome_n have_v in_o florence_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o as_o florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o venice_n room_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v crown_n 73½_n posito_fw-la of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n ducat_n 100_o the_o banco_n of_o liver_n 6â…•_n per_fw-la ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 850._o 15._o 8._o of_o estampe_n what_o credit_n in_o banco_n shall_v i_o have_v at_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o i_o must_v reduce_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a account_n the_o price_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n into_o denier_n of_o gold_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o and_o add_v 10_o sol_n for_o the_o ½_n crown_n and_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o price_n give_v ducat_n 100_o how_o many_o will_v the_o denier_n give_v i_o that_o come_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o gross_n because_o that_o 24_o gross_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o venice_n 1_o ducat_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n than_o it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1157½_n which_o rome_n have_v credit_n at_o venice_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n may_v be_v discern_v when_o as_o venetia_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n back_o chap._n cccxxxxi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o milan_n room_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crown_n 87â…˜_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n crown_v 100_o of_o liver_n 5._o sol._n 17_o per_fw-la crown_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 2140._o 16_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o milan_n shall_v i_o have_v first_o reduce_v the_o price_n and_o the_o crown_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o to_o the_o multiplication_n add_v 16_o sol._n â…˜_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o sol_n come_v of_o the_o price_n give_v crown_n 100_o how_o many_o will_v the_o sol_n come_v of_o the_o abovesaid_a sum_n of_o crown_n give_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v crown_n 2438._o 5._o 4_o d._n the_o which_o you_o must_v reduce_v into_o liver_n by_o multiply_v they_o by_o l._n 5._o 17._o and_o they_o will_v make_v l._n 14263._o 17._o 2_o d._n which_o i_o must_v have_v at_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n as_o appear_v plain_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v apparent_a when_o milan_n shall_v exchange_v with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o rome_n with_o naples_n rome_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crown_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n posito_fw-la ducat_n 135â…”_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 2346._o 15._o 4_o of_o estampe_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o grain_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n see_v it_o be_v the_o same_o grain_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n as_o in_o ducat_n 135â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a in_o naples_n grain_n 100_o and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v grain_n 318377_o off_o the_o which_o you_o must_v cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n and_o then_o it_o make_v ducat_n 3183_o tarry_v 3_o grain_n 17_o and_o these_o tarry_v and_o grain_n make_v grain_n 77_o because_o that_o the_o tarry_v be_v worth_a grain_n 20_o and_o so_o much_o you_o be_v to_o have_v in_o naples_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o estamp_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n do_v exchange_v this_o sum_n back_o with_o rome_n chap._n cccxxxiii_o of_o the_o
day_n back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 1_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n on_o the_o fair_a and_o thence_o 10_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 10_o day_n and_o the_o same_o back_n thence_o chap._n cccxli_o of_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o money_n practise_v in_o the_o exchange_n and_o payment_n of_o rome_n exchange_n the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o money_n pay_v to_o rome_n by_o exchange_n this_o term_n aggio_n common_a in_o divers_a part_n of_o italy_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o valuable_a consideration_n in_o the_o species_n of_o sundry_a money_n that_o be_v make_v in_o payment_n either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n and_o be_v account_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o best_a money_n use_v in_o term_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o worst_a use_v in_o payment_n of_o good_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o declaration_n and_o manifestation_n thereof_o i_o have_v make_v this_o question_n and_o chapter_n by_o way_n of_o proposition_n and_o demand_n a_o certain_a merchant_n in_o rome_n find_v himself_o to_o have_v receive_v for_o merchandise_n sell_v by_o he_o to_o another_o crown_n 3441_o and_o baioc_v 97_o of_o julio_n 10_o per_fw-la crown_n which_o he_o desire_v to_o reduce_v into_o crown_n of_o the_o fstampe_n or_o as_o some_o term_n they_o de_fw-fr camera_n thereby_o to_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v remit_v into_o any_o other_o place_n the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n be_v consider_v as_o common_o be_v see_v at_o 45_o julio_n i_o demand_v then_o how_o many_o crown_n of_o estampe_n the_o same_o will_v produce_v to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v first_o see_v how_o much_o the_o 100_o destampe_n be_v worth_a in_o julio_n at_n julio_n 12_o the_o crown_n which_o will_v be_v julio_n 1200_o to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v 45_o julio_n for_o the_o aggio_fw-mi thereof_o because_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o estampe_n be_v worth_a 12_o julio_n and_o then_o the_o aggio_fw-mi which_o come_v to_o be_v 12_o julio_n and_o baiocs_n 4½_n per_fw-la crown_n or_o else_o 45_o julio_n for_n crown_v 100_o and_o they_o will_v be_v 1245_o julio_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v 100_o crown_n destampe_v be_v worth_a the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n comprise_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n you_o must_v reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o money_n into_o julio_n and_o they_o make_v julio_n 34419_o and_o baioc_v 7_o comprehend_v 9_o julio_n and_z 7_o baioc_n for_o 97_o baioc_n and_o this_o be_v do_v then_o work_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o and_o say_v if_o julio_n 1245_o give_v crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n 100_o crown_n how_o much_o shall_v the_o say_v julio_n 34419._o 7_o give_v then_o to_o multiply_v the_o say_v julio_n by_o 100_o there_o be_v only_o a_o cypher_n to_o be_v add_v after_o the_o 7_o baioc_n and_o prosecute_a thus_o the_o work_n of_o the_o question_n it_o will_v amount_v unto_o crown_n 2764._o 12._o 8._o of_o estamp_n account_n proof_n of_o the_o aggios_n account_n now_o to_o prove_v the_o say_a account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o estampe_n by_o julio_n 1245_o per_fw-la cent_n in_o cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o of_o the_o product_n there_o will_v remain_v crown_n 3441_o and_o baiocs_n 96â…˜_n and_o so_o the_o account_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v well_o make_v save_v a_o small_a break_a number_n lose_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n must_v be_v wrought_v all_o like_a account_n though_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n be_v either_o augment_v or_o lessen_v still_o by_o add_v the_o aggio_fw-mi such_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o or_o to_o the_o julio_n 1200_o which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n destamp_n the_o whole_a question_n i_o shall_v for_o explanation_n demonstrate_v by_o the_o work_n thereof_o in_o this_o example_n and_o first_o chap._n cccxlii_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o rome_n rome_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o rome_n i_o will_v herein_o follow_v my_o first_o intend_a method_n give_v you_o also_o a_o proposition_n or_o two_o of_o a_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o commissioâ—…_n and_o order_n the_o manner_n whereof_o large_o explain_v by_o example_n will_v be_v full_a and_o sufficient_a for_o reglement_n for_o the_o like_a draught_n or_o remittance_n from_o this_o city_n to_o any_o another_o place_n from_o rome_n then_o be_v remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crown_n 97¼_n posito_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o be_v remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o ducat_n 136â…”_n i_o will_v now_o know_v at_o how_o much_o come_v the_o remittance_n from_o rome_n for_o placentia_n to_o do_v which_o work_v thus_o you_o must_v first_o multiply_v the_o say_v duc._n 139â…”_n be_v the_o price_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n by_o crown_n 72¼_n per_fw-la cent_n cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o reduce_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o den._n of_o gold_n and_o in_o thus_o work_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 98_o 14._o 9_o to_o the_o which_o must_v be_v add_v â…“_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n pay_v at_o venice_n which_o be_v 6_o sol_n 7_o denier_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 99_o 1_o 15_o and_o so_o many_o crown_n destampe_v disburse_v in_o rome_n for_o 100_o crown_n of_o marc._n of_o credit_n at_o placentia_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n to_o prove_v this_o account_n you_o must_v see_v how_o much_o the_o sum_n of_o crown_n destamp_v that_o you_o will_v remit_v be_v worth_a in_o ducat_n in_o venice_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o crown_n 72¼_n for_o duc._n 100_o out_o of_o which_o to_o make_v the_o remittance_n to_o placentia_n the_o provision_n be_v to_o be_v take_v out_o at_o â…”_n per_fw-la cent_n then_o see_v how_o many_o will_v the_o crown_n of_o mark_n give_v at_o duc._n 136â…“_n for_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n which_o come_v thereof_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 99_o 1_o 15_o per_fw-la cent_n and_o in_o thus_o work_v will_v come_v to_o the_o selfsame_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o estampe_n which_o be_v disburse_v in_o rome_n for_o the_o remittance_n make_v to_o venice_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n may_v the_o proof_n be_v make_v of_o all_o other_o account_n of_o the_o selfsame_a subject_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o say_a account_n can_v serve_v in_o any_o other_o occasion_n but_o where_o the_o remittance_n be_v make_v from_o rome_n to_o placentia_n and_o that_o the_o exchange_n be_v at_o 100â…“_n crown_n of_o estampe_n for_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n thereby_o to_o discern_v if_o it_o be_v the_o more_o profitable_a to_o remit_v as_o they_o teâ—m_v it_o a_o dritura_fw-la or_o straight_o or_o else_o to_o make_v remittance_n to_o venice_n and_o from_o venice_n to_o placentia_n as_o be_v beforesaid_a at_o the_o abovesaid_a price_n the_o remittance_n come_v to_o be_v at_o 99_o 1_o 15_o crown_n of_o estampe_n so_o that_o as_o it_o be_v apparent_a it_o be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o remit_v to_o placentia_n by_o the_o way_n of_o venice_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v see_v by_o this_o example_n that_o for_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v no_o more_o pay_v and_o disburse_v but_o crown_v 99_o 1_o 15_o in_o rome_n and_o make_v the_o remittance_n straight_o and_o a_o dritura_fw-la 100â…“_n crown_n be_v to_o be_v disburse_v and_o moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v sometime_o at_o a_o great_a or_o less_o price_n according_a to_o the_o abundance_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o money_n current_n and_o therefore_o these_o account_n serve_v only_o but_o for_o instruction_n sake_n and_o to_o show_v how_o the_o rule_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v and_o cast_v up_o another_o example_n of_o a_o commission_n give_v to_o enlighten_v this_o point_n i_o will_v add_v hereunto_o there_o be_v order_n and_o commission_n give_v at_o rome_n to_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o 73â…”_n crown_n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o the_o same_o from_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 93â…“_n but_o there_o be_v find_v bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o venice_n at_o crown_n 74â…“_n and_o money_n for_o florence_n at_o crown_n 94â…”_n the_o question_n be_v then_o if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n and_o order_n may_v be_v effect_v the_o which_o to_o accomplish_v and_o know_v i_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o see_v that_o rome_n give_v the_o uncertain_a to_o both_o those_o say_a place_n if_o
crown_n 73â…”_n give_v 93â…“_n crown_n what_o will_v crown_n 74â…“_n give_v and_o it_o will_v give_v by_o the_o say_a rule_n crown_n 94._o 3._o 6_o d._n so_o that_o this_o order_n and_o commission_n may_v be_v accomplish_v and_o perform_v with_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o crown_n 74â…“_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v draw_v to_o florence_n at_o crown_n 94._o 3._o 6_o and_o there_o it_o be_v find_v at_o more_o videlicet_fw-la at_o crown_n 94â…”_n as_o for_o example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o instruction_n and_o method_n to_o the_o exchange_n and_o commission_n practise_v at_o rome_n and_o now_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o eminent_a place_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o my_o intend_a method_n which_o be_v naples_n chap._n cccxliii_o example_n of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v in_o naples_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v naples_n example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o naples_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o do_v govern_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o find_v to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a rule_n can_v peremptory_o be_v set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o learner_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o his_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v be_v fit_a to_o understand_v the_o ground_n thereof_o naples_n account_n in_o naples_n it_o be_v also_o there_o observe_v that_o the_o banker_n and_o exchanger_n of_o the_o place_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o ducat_n tarry_v and_o grain_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 5_o and_o by_o 20_o because_o that_o 5_o tarry_v do_v make_v a_o ducat_n and_o 20_o grain_n a_o tarry_v also_o that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v 13_o carlin_n or_o 6½_n tarry_v and_o the_o crown_n of_o money_n or_o silver_n be_v 11_o carlin_n or_o 5½_n tarry_v the_o ducute_a of_o gold_n be_v worth_n 6_o tarry_v and_o the_o ducat_n current_n be_v worth_a 5_o tarry_v chap._n cccxliv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n naples_n then_o exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 127½_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3295_o and_o 1_o tarry_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o ducat_n 127½_n give_v 100_o crown_n how_o many_o will_v ducat_n 3295â…•_n give_v multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v make_v crown_n 2584._o 9_o 4._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v at_o lion_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n exchange_v back_o either_o for_o naples_n bery_n lechy_a or_o any_o other_o city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n naples_n exchange_v with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 132¼_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 3416_o tarry_v 2_o and_o grain_n 8_o how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v i_o have_v at_o placentia_n to_o do_v which_o i_o must_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n into_o grain_n and_o if_o there_o be_v neither_o tarry_v nor_o grain_n it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o only_a addition_n of_o two_o cipher_n because_o that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 100_o grain_n and_o because_o that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o question_n 2_o tarry_v and_o 8_o grain_n 48_o grain_n be_v to_o be_v add_v and_o take_v grain_n 132¼_n for_o divisor_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n see_v it_o be_v as_o much_o at_o grain_n 132¼_n per_fw-la crown_n as_o at_o duc._n 132¼_n per_fw-la crown_n 100_o multiply_v as_o well_o the_o one_o part_n as_o the_o other_o by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o quarter_n of_o grain_n and_o after_o division_n by_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o divisor_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o all_o this_o do_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 2573._o 12._o 4_o of_o mark_n which_o i_o must_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o ducat_n abovementioned_a as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v more_o apparent_o demonstrate_v when_o this_o sum_n or_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o placentia_n to_o naples_n bary_n lechy_a or_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o rome_n naples_n do_v exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 135â…”_n in_o this_o place_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3183._o 3._o 17._o what_o credit_n in_o crown_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o rome_n to_o know_v which_o the_o question_n be_v wrought_v as_o be_v before_o mention_v in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o placentia_n and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 2346._o 15._o 2._o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n or_o de_fw-fr camera_n and_o for_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o rome_n to_o naples_n bary_n lechy_a or_o to_o any_o other_o city_n of_o this_o kingdom_n chap._n cccxlvii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o florence_n naples_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v duc._n posita_fw-la 119â…”_n to_o have_v in_o florence_n 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 934._o 1._o 10._o how_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o florence_n this_o must_v be_v wrought_v as_o the_o precedent_a question_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n 780._o 15._o 0_o of_o gold_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n as_o appeareth_z by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v declare_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o florence_n to_o naples_n chap._n cccxlviii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o venice_n naples_n exchange_v with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la ducat_n 97¼_n to_o have_v in_o venice_n ducas_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…•_n of_o this_o money_n which_o now_o be_v term_v in_o banco_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 1799._o 1._o 13_o of_o naples_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o the_o place_n of_o venetia_n this_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v as_o the_o precedent_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o gross_a because_o that_o the_o ducat_n of_o liver_n 6._o 4_o s._n make_v 24_o gross_a and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o ducat_n 1850_o 5_o 24_o and_o so_o many_o ducat_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n of_o 1850_o 3_o 24_o be_v exchange_v baâ—…_n from_o venice_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n of_o naples_n chap._n cccxlix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o milan_n naples_n exchange_v with_o milan_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la duc._n 98½_n to_o have_v in_o milan_n crow_n 100_o of_o liver_n 5_o per_fw-mi crow_n of_o the_o money_n of_o this_o place_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o duc._n 850_o how_o many_o crow_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o milan_n to_o know_v which_o i_o must_v do_v as_o in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o by_o this_o work_n it_o will_v make_v crow_n 862._o 18._o 10._o and_o to_o know_v how_o many_o liver_n they_o be_v they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 5_o liver_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o den._n then_o the_o sol_n and_o afterward_n the_o
crow_n calculate_v for_o 12_o den._n one_o sols_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n in_o money_n one_o liver_n and_o it_o will_v make_v l._n 4314._o 14._o 2_o which_o one_o shall_v have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o milan_n for_o the_o say_a ducat_n 850._o as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v manifest_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v exchange_v back_o from_o milan_n to_o naples_n as_o aforesaid_a chap._n cccl_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lechy_a and_o bary_n bary_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lechy_a and_o bary_n naples_n exchange_v with_o lechy_a and_o bary_n city_n within_o that_o kingdom_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 98½_n ducat_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n ducat_n 100_o i_o demand_v then_o for_o ducat_n 3850._o 1._o 15_o of_o naples_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o these_o two_o place_n this_o rule_n must_v be_v cast_v up_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a exchange_n for_o milan_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 100_o to_o bring_v it_o into_o grain_n and_o thereof_o will_v come_v 98_o which_o be_v 4_o tarry_v and_o grain_n 18_o and_o in_o all_o ducat_n 3908_o tarry_v 4_o grain_n 18_o which_o naples_n shall_v have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n and_o note_v that_o when_o naples_n exchange_v with_o montetion_n with_o cosense_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o account_n be_v make_v as_o above_o as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n and_o account_n be_v thus_o make_v up_o chap._n cccli_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o mesina_n mesina_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o mesina_n naples_n exchange_v with_o mesina_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la duc._n 115â…›_n to_o have_v in_o mesina_n crown_v 100_o of_o tar._n 13_o of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o tarry_v 13_o shall_v i_o have_v there_o for_o duc._n 2348._o 3._o 8._o to_o do_v which_o work_v as_o by_o the_o precedent_a rule_n i_o say_v if_o grain_n 115â…œ_n make_v one_o crown_n of_o 13_o tarry_v what_o will_v grain_n 234868_o make_v and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 52_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o half_a carlines_n because_o that_o 13_o tarry_v be_v worth_a 26_o carlin_n and_o by_o this_o work_n it_o make_v crown_n 2035_o 36_o 32_o which_o abridge_v be_v 9_o 13_o or_o otherwise_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 13_o and_o then_o by_o 20_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o tarry_v and_o grain_n which_o will_v be_v the_o easy_a to_o comprehend_v but_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v otherwise_o demonstrate_v it_o be_v because_o herein_o i_o will_v follow_v the_o method_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o merchant_n of_o naples_n who_o in_o their_o account_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v as_o above_o be_v show_v and_o to_o reduce_v the_o say_v crown_n 2035_o 9_o 13_o into_o ounce_n you_o must_v multiply_v by_o 13_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o tarry_v add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 9_o for_o 9_o 13_o and_o they_o will_v be_v tarry_v 26464_o from_o which_o cut_v the_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v â…“_n of_o the_o rest_n to_o make_v they_o ounce_n because_o that_o 30_o tarry_v be_v a_o ounce_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o these_o three_o be_v ten_o of_o tarry_v to_o the_o which_o add_v the_o figure_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v so_o many_o tarry_v as_o must_v be_v place_v after_o the_o ounce_n and_o it_o will_v make_v ounce_n 882._o 4_o and_o for_o so_o much_o shall_v naples_n have_v credit_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o mesina_n for_o duc._n 2348._o 3._o 8._o proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o that_o mesina_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o exchange_n for_o naples_n chap._n ccclii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o palermo_n palermo_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o palermo_n naples_n exchange_v with_o palermo_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n positâ—_n 166½_n pontos_fw-la i_o demand_v for_o duc._n 2846._o 2._o 10._o what_o credit_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o ounce_n in_o palermo_n to_o do_v which_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n by_o 166½_n pontos_fw-la per_fw-la ducat_n and_o it_o make_v pontos_fw-la 473942_o to_o which_o add_v â…“_n to_o make_v they_o grain_n because_o that_o 1_o pontos_fw-la be_v 1_v grain_n and_o â…“_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o one_o grain_n be_v worth_a 6_o piccolis_fw-la and_o 1_o pontos_fw-la be_v 8_o piccolis_fw-la and_o it_o make_v grain_n 631922_o to_o reduce_v which_o into_o ounce_n you_o must_v cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v â…™_n of_o the_o rest_n because_o that_o 600_o grain_n make_v a_o ounce_n which_o in_o all_o make_v ounce_n 1035_o and_o there_o remain_v 1_o which_o be_v worth_a with_o the_o two_o figure_n cut_v off_o 122_o grain_n which_o be_v 6_o tarry_v and_o 2_o grain_n because_o that_o 20_o grain_n be_v 1_o tarry_v and_o they_o will_v be_v ounce_n 1053_o tarry_v 6_o and_o grain_n 2_o and_o so_o many_o ounce_n by_o the_o say_a exchange_n shall_v you_o have_v in_o palermo_n palermo_n aggio_fw-mi allow_v in_o palermo_n and_o note_v that_o over_o and_o above_o they_o give_v credit_n 1_o carl._n per_fw-la ounce_n for_o good_a money_n to_o add_v which_o say_v carl._n per_n ounce_n do_v thus_o consider_v that_o for_o the_o say_a ounce_n 1053_o will_v come_v the_o same_o sum_n of_o carlins_n for_o the_o aggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n and_o to_o make_v the_o say_v carlin_n into_o ounce_n you_o must_v cut_v the_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v â…™_n of_o the_o rest_n will_v make_v ounce_n 17_o and_o there_o will_v remain_v 3_o ten_o of_o carlins_n which_o be_v 30_o in_o value_n to_o which_o add_v the_o figure_n cut_v and_o it_o be_v 33_o carlin_n for_o which_o take_v â…“_n to_o make_v they_o tarry_v a_o carlin_n be_v ½_n a_o tarry_a which_o be_v 16_o tarry_v and_o the_o remainder_n be_v 1_o carl._n in_o worth_n 10_o grain_n and_o add_v 2_o grain_n for_o the_o 6_o tarry_v which_o be_v with_o the_o ounce_n because_o that_o for_o 3_o tarry_v which_o be_v 60_o gra_fw-mi the_o aggio_n will_v be_v 1_o grain_n and_o it_o will_v be_v in_o all_o ounc_fw-la 17_o tar_n 16_o and_o gra_fw-mi 12._o which_o add_v to_o the_o abovesaid_a ounce_n it_o make_v 1070_o tar._n 22_o and_o gra_fw-mi 14_o and_o so_o much_o credit_v you_o shall_v have_v in_o palermo_n for_o duc._n 2846_o 2._o 10._o in_o naples_n at_o pont._n 166½_n per_fw-la duc._n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v show_v when_o palermo_n do_v exchange_v back_o with_o naples_n this_o same_o parcel_n chap._n cccliii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o genoa_n genoa_n naples_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n naples_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n to_o have_v posito_fw-la in_o genoa_n 66â…”_n sols_n i_o demand_v for_o duc._n 1345._o 4._o 5_o how_o many_o liver_n current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o genoa_n the_o which_o be_v do_v by_o multiplication_n in_o take_v of_o grain_n 85_o which_o be_v the_o 4_o tarry_v and_o grain_n 5._o the_o â…“_n see_v that_o it_o may_v be_v calculate_v for_o one_o grain_n of_o naples_n â…”_n of_o a_o sol_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o sol._n 89723_o and_o denier_n 4_o which_o to_o reduce_v into_o liver_n you_o must_v cut_v the_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v the_o â…“_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o any_o rest_n it_o will_v be_v a_o ten_o to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v the_o figure_n cut_v off_o and_o it_o will_v be_v sol_n and_o thus_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v liver_n 4486._o 3._o 4._o and_o so_o much_o will_v your_o credit_n be_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o genoa_n as_o by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v more_o evident_a when_o this_o sum_n come_v to_o be_v rechange_v from_o genoa_n to_o naples_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a chap._n cccliu_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o antwerp_n naples_n exchange_v with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o ducat_n to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n posito_fw-la 90_o gross_a i_o demand_v then_o by_o this_o exchange_n what_o credit_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o antwerp_n for_o 3200_o duc._n to_o do_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n by_o 90_o and_o it_o make_v 288000_o gra_fw-mi which_o reduce_v to_o pound_n flemish_a will_v make_v 1200_o l._n 00._o 0_o d._n and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v naples_n have_v in_o antwerp_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o duc._n 3200._o as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v more_o apparent_a when_o this_o sum_n of_o 1200_o l._n flem._n be_v rechange_v from_o antwerp_n to_o naples_n
the_o same_o be_v conclude_v genoa_n exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n i_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o genoa_n and_o with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n this_o city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o declare_v the_o common_a rate_n and_o price_n how_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o govern_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o it_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o great_a certainty_n yet_o so_o far_o it_o be_v conducible_a to_o this_o knowledge_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o certain_a rule_n for_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o either_o in_o the_o draught_n remittance_n or_o order_n that_o may_v happen_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o city_n the_o form_n of_o which_o account_v now_o remain_v to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v will_v enlighten_v the_o way_n to_o what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o for_o brevity_n sake_n willing_o omit_v genoa_n account_n in_o genoa_n to_o give_v then_o introduction_n thereto_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o exchanger_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n several_a way_n as_o some_o in_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o current_a money_n and_o other_o by_o liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o both_o these_o account_v and_o sum_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o 12_o because_o 20_o sol_n make_v a_o liver_n and_o 12_o denier_n do_v make_v a_o sol._n moreover_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o italy_n of_o gold_n in_o gold_n be_v worth_a here_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n of_o genoa_n though_o it_o be_v find_v sometime_o to_o be_v worth_n more_o and_o sometime_o less_o as_o money_n be_v request_v notwithstanding_o the_o say_a crown_n be_v always_o give_v for_o 68_o sol_n money_n of_o gold_n again_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o genoa_n all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o exchange_n that_o be_v practise_v be_v effective_o for_o placentia_n lion_n milan_n venice_n naples_n and_o rome_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o handle_n thereof_o i_o shall_v to_o avoid_v tediousness_n be_v the_o brief_a chap._n ccclxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sol._n 87¾_n current_a money_n to_o have_v there_o 1_o crow_n of_o mark_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 10269._o 19_o 3_o d._n current_a money_n how_o many_o crow_n of_o mark_v i_o shall_v have_v in_o placentia_n example_n 1._o example_n first_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_v sol._n 87¾_n by_o 4_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o 4_o 4_o add_v the_o â—_o 4_o and_o they_o make_v 351_o quarter_n and_o then_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 4_o to_o make_v they_o quarter_n of_o sol_n add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n ¼_n for_o the_o 3_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v be_v in_o all_o 821_o 597_o which_o divide_v by_o 331_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o the_o division_n will_v be_v 2340_o multiply_v the_o rest_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n and_o they_o will_v be_v in_o all_o crow_n 2340._o 14._o 7._o of_o gold_n of_o mark_n which_o you_o must_v have_v in_o placentia_n as_o by_o example_n will_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o prove_v this_o account_n you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o mark_n by_o lib._n 4._o 7._o 9_o beginning_n to_o multiply_v by_o the_o denier_n and_o then_o by_o sols_n calculate_v it_o by_o 12_o denier_n for_o one_o sol_fw-mi and_o by_o 2d_o for_o one_o liver_n and_o of_o the_o product_n will_v come_v l._n 10269-18-11_a so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o account_n be_v just_a the_o difference_n be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v lose_v as_o by_o example_n exchange_n another_o example_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o genoa_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o see_v that_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o placentia_n in_o sols_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o money_n be_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n by_o decree_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v worth_a sol_n money_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o current_a money_n 90_o sol_n and_o though_o that_o the_o say_a price_n of_o the_o current_a money_n rise_v and_o fall_v the_o money_n of_o gold_n never_o vari_v from_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 68_o sol._n if_o then_o i_o will_v know_v for_o liver_n 2816._o 13._o 4._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o one_o exchange_v at_o 66_o 5_o d._n money_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la crown_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n shall_v one_o have_v do_v thus_o reduce_v the_o abovesaid_a liver_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o the_o sol_n rest_v by_o 12_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_v sol_n 66._o 5_o denier_n into_o denier_n multiply_v they_o by_o 12_o and_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o shall_v be_v the_o divisor_n of_o the_o sum_n of_o denier_n come_v of_o the_o say_v liv._o the_o which_o divide_v will_v be_v 848_o cro._n 3._o 7._o of_o mark._n proof_n proof_n to_o prove_v this_o rule_n multiply_v this_o by_o 5_o d._n and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 2186._o 13._o 3._o which_o show_v the_o account_n to_o be_v just_o cast_v example_n three_o example_n in_o genoa_n i_o will_v deliver_v for_o placentia_n lib._n 3248._o 15._o of_o current_a money_n which_o be_v exchange_v at_o 67_o sol._n 10_o d._n of_o money_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n they_o will_v be_v first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n divide_v the_o same_o by_o 90_o sol_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crown_n 721._o 18._o 10_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o l._n 8_o s._n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o lib._n 2454._o 12._o money_n of_o gold_n which_o divide_v by_o 67._o 10_o to_o see_v what_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v worth_a and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 723._o 14._o 3._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o shall_v genoa_n have_v medit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_v l._n 3248._o 15_o of_o current_a money_n as_o the_o example_n shall_v more_o evident_o demonstrate_v geona_n to_o reduce_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o gold_n in_o geona_n if_o in_o genoa_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o a_o short_a rule_n because_o that_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n be_v 90_o s._n and_o in_o money_n of_o gold_n 68_o s._n you_o must_v take_v of_o the_o current_a money_n twice_o â…“_n place_v they_o the_o one_o under_o the_o other_o and_o out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o say_a â…“_n take_v â…•_n and_o of_o that_o which_o come_v of_o the_o say_a â…•_n you_o must_v take_v â…“_n and_o add_v these_o 4_o parcel_n together_o will_v come_v money_n of_o gold_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o this_o example_n proof_n proof_n for_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n if_o by_o the_o same_o method_n you_o will_v reduce_v liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n into_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n you_o must_v add_v to_o the_o say_a liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n the_o ¼_n and_o of_o that_o which_o will_v come_v thereof_o take_v 1_o 17_o add_v the_o say_v two_o parcel_n together_o and_o they_o will_v make_v liver_n of_o current_a money_n example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o placentia_n wherein_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a thus_o far_o to_o enlarge_v myself_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a exchange_n continual_o practise_v between_o the_o say_v two_o place_n chap._n ccclxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o lion_n genoa_n exchange_v with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 59_o 9_o money_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n a_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 37296._o 6._o 0_o of_o current_a money_n in_o genoa_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o shall_v have_v in_o liver_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n into_o liver_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n by_o the_o former_a rule_n divide_v by_o sol._n 90._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o gold_n in_o current_a money_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 8288._o 1._o 4._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 3._o 8._o 5._o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o
l._n 28179._o 8._o 6._o the_o which_o divide_v by_o sol._n 59_o 9_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v crown_n 9432._o 8._o 10._o and_o so_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v lion_n give_v for_o those_o liver_n of_o câ—…rent_a money_n as_o above_o propound_v example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n will_v appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n shall_v be_v rechange_v back_o from_o lion_n to_o genoa_n chap._n ccclxiv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o milan_n milan_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o milan_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o milan_n and_o give_v 1_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o of_o current_a money_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n posito_fw-la sol._n 118½_n i_o will_v know_v then_o for_o liver_n 3850._o 14._o 8._o of_o current_n meney_n what_o credit_n shall_v genoa_n have_v in_o milan_n first_o take_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o make_v the_o same_o into_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 962._o 13._o 8_o the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o liver_n 5._o 18._o 6._o per_fw-la crown_n which_o be_v the_o say_v sol._n 118½_n and_o they_o will_v make_v l._n 5703._o 17._o 11_o d._n and_o so_o much_o shall_v the_o say_a credit_n be_v in_o milan_n as_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n in_o the_o work_n follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n will_v more_o evident_o appear_v when_o this_o parcel_n be_v rechange_v for_o genoa_n from_o milan_n chap._n ccclxv_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o venice_n venice_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o venice_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o current_a money_n to_o have_v in_o venice_n posito_fw-la 146½_n sol_fw-mi de_fw-fr banco_n and_o of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 8340._o 12._o 0._o turrent_a money_n of_o genoa_n how_o many_o ducat_n de_fw-mi banco_n of_o l._n 6â…•_n per_fw-la duc._n shall_v one_o have_v credit_n in_o venice_n to_o do_v this_o then_o first_o take_v the_o ¼_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 2085._o 3._o 0._o the_o which_o by_o l._n 7._o 6._o 6._o per_fw-la crown_n which_o be_v the_o say_v sol._n 146½_n and_o of_o the_o product_n thereof_o will_v come_v l._n 15273._o 14._o 6._o which_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o ducat_n divide_v they_o by_o 124_o the_o price_n of_o the_o ducat_n of_o 6_o l._n 4_o sol._n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 24_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o gross_v because_o that_o 24_o gross_v make_v one_o ducat_n and_o by_o thus_o work_v the_o same_o will_v be_v ducat_n 2463._o ½_n and_o so_o many_o ducat_n of_o lib._n 6â…•_n shall_v you_o have_v credit_n in_o banco_n for_o at_o venice_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o venice_n do_v exchange_n back_o for_o genoa_n this_o say_a sum_n chap._n ccclxvi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o genoa_n with_o naples_n genoa_n do_v exchange_n with_o naples_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 66â…”_n sols_n of_o current_a money_n to_o have_v in_o this_o place_n one_o ducat_n of_o 5_o tarry_v i_o demand_v then_o for_o liv_o 4486._o 3._o 4._o current_a money_n how_o many_o ducat_n in_o credit_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o naples_n first_o reduce_v all_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n with_o the_o say_v l._n 66â…”_n of_o current_a money_n into_o denier_n multiply_v the_o liver_n by_o 20_o and_o the_o sol_n that_o come_v thereof_o by_o 12_o do_v the_o same_o by_o the_o sol_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 12_o and_o by_o the_o division_n thereof_o it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1345_o and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 100_o by_o reason_n that_o 100_o grain_n do_v make_v one_o ducat_n and_o there_o will_v come_v grain_n 85_o which_o be_v worth_a 4_o tarry_v and_o grain_n 5_o seeing_z as_o have_v be_v before_o remember_v that_o 1_o tarry_v be_v in_o naples_n 20_o grain_n and_o by_o thus_o work_v it_o will_v make_v ducat_n 1345._o 4._o 5._o and_o so_o much_o shall_v the_o credit_n be_v in_o naples_n as_o by_o the_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n shall_v exchange_v back_o with_o genoa_n i_o can_v much_o more_o enlarge_v the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n with_o other_o place_n but_o for_o brevity_n i_o willing_o omit_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o now_o come_v to_o the_o commission_n and_o order_n give_v in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n at_o genoa_n chap._n ccclxvii_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o genoa_n example_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o genoa_n 1._o example_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o add_v one_o or_o two_o example_n of_o the_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o thereby_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n at_o genoa_n first_o the_o posito_fw-la from_o venice_n there_o be_v order_n give_v to_o genoa_n to_o remit_v to_o venice_n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o milan_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o draught_n from_o milan_n to_o venice_n come_v but_o to_o 148_o l._n clear_a of_o all_o charge_n now_o then_o there_o do_v present_a bill_n for_o venice_n at_o 149_o and_o money_n for_o milan_n at_o 148._o i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o do_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 148_o of_o venice_n give_v at_o milan_n sols_n 117_o be_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o say_v milan_n what_o will_v sols_n 149_o give_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o liver_n 4_o l._n at_o genoal_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o 117¼_n sol._n the_o which_o without_o deduction_n of_o provision_n be_v apparent_a that_o the_o commission_n can_v be_v perform_v because_o that_o the_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o 149_o the_o draught_n can_v be_v make_v for_o milan_n at_o more_o than_o 117¾_n beside_o the_o provision_n and_o the_o patido_n be_v find_v at_o 118_o sol_n as_o the_o example_n show_v example_n see_v example_n again_o to_o genoa_n come_v order_n from_o antwerp_n to_o buy_v some_o velvet_n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o the_o same_o by_o placentia_n at_o such_o a_o price_n that_o the_o palm_n of_o velvet_n in_o genoa_n amount_v not_o be_v buy_v to_o more_o than_o sol_fw-mi 8½_n money_n of_o gross_a and_o the_o draught_n for_o placentia_n at_o gross_a 123._o now_o there_o be_v find_v velvet_n at_o 72¼_n sols_n the_o palm_n and_o money_n for_o placentia_n at_o sol_n 88_o in_o current_a money_n i_o demand_v then_o if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o say_v commission_n may_v be_v effect_v to_o know_v which_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o gross_n 123_o the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n give_v at_o genoa_n sol._n 88_o what_o will_v gross_a 102._o which_o be_v the_o say_v sol._n of_o 8½_n of_o gross_v give_v and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o sol._n 72._o 11_o so_o that_o as_o it_o will_v appear_v the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o in_o draw_v for_o placentia_n at_o 88_o sol_fw-mi the_o velvet_n may_v be_v buy_v at_o 72_o sol._n 11_o den._n the_o palm_n and_o iâ—_n be_v find_v at_o 72_o 1_o â—_o sol._n chap._n ccclxviii_o of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o genoa_n genoa_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n in_o genoa_n from_o genoa_n the_o term_n of_o bill_n be_v to_o venetia_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o at_o 16_o day_n back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n from_o the_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o gaietta_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bridge_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o two_o month_n from_o the_o date_n to_z paris_z the_o same_z as_o to_o bridge_n and_o antwerp_n to_o naples_n and_o palermo_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o back_o at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o exchange_n practise_v at_o genoa_n together_o with_o the_o comnission_n give_v and_o receive_v there_o and_o so_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o eminent_a place_n of_o exchange_n
the_o crown_n of_o mark_n there_o will_v remain_v sol._n 134â…”_n and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n with_o or_o for_o milan_n genoa_n question_v for_o genoa_n again_o at_o milan_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_z sol_fw-mi 133½_n and_o for_o genoa_n at_o sol_n 118â…”_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_n for_o genoa_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 118â…”_n of_o milan_n the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o 4_o l._n of_o genoa_n give_v sol_n 80_o what_o will_v sols_n 133½_n give_v the_o price_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o mark_n in_o money_n of_o milan_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n the_o which_o without_o make_v the_o reduction_n into_o money_n of_o gold_n see_v it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o 90_o sol_n of_o current_a money_n be_v worth_a 68_o sol._n of_o gold_n and_o at_o this_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v with_o and_o for_o genoa_n lion_n question_v for_o lion_n again_o at_o venice_n be_v exchange_n make_v for_o placentia_n in_o expedition_n of_o a_o fair_a there_o at_o duc._n 141._o and_o for_o lion_n at_o 116½_n i_o demand_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n at_o what_o price_n shall_v placentia_n exchange_v for_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o duc._n 141._o of_o l._n 6._o â…“_n of_o venice_n give_v in_o placentia_n crow_n 100_o how_o many_o will_n duc._n 116½_n give_v the_o value_n of_o the_o crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o lion_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 82â…_n or_o circa_fw-la and_o at_o that_o price_n shall_v placcntia_n exchange_v with_o lion_n another_o another_o at_o placentia_n there_o be_v exchange_n make_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 83½_n and_o for_o florence_n at_o crow_n 113_o and_o from_o that_o place_n we_o have_v advice_n that_o they_o exchange_v for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95â…“_n i_o will_v know_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v beneficial_a to_o remit_v from_o placentia_n to_o lion_n and_o to_o draw_v from_o florence_n by_o inorder_v my_o factor_n at_o florence_n to_o prevail_v upon_o lion_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o crow_n 95â…“_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a crow_n 83½_n of_o mark_n be_v the_o price_n of_o crow_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n by_o crow_n 113._o of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n see_v that_o the_o say_v crown_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v crow_n 94._o 7._o 1._o to_o which_o add_v â…–_n per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n which_o be_v pay_v the_o one_o at_o florence_n the_o other_o at_o lion_n and_o they_o will_v be_v crow_n 94._o 19_o 8._o so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o draw_v and_o to_o remit_v according_a to_o the_o abovesaid_a order_n and_o manner_n because_o that_o at_o florence_n may_v be_v take_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n at_o crow_n 95_o or_o circa_fw-la and_o find_v crow_n 95½_n upon_o which_o consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v what_o the_o money_n of_o florence_n may_v do_v by_o exchange_n for_o lion_n which_o thus_o i_o work_v by_o example_n now_o for_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o placentia_n it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o city_n in_o chapter_n 383._o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o the_o exchange_n practise_v at_o placentia_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a and_o continue_a practice_n here_o daily_o make_v for_o vast_a sum_n i_o have_v somewhat_o more_o than_o ordinary_o enlarge_v myself_o and_o so_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o place_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v florence_n chap._n cccc_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v at_o florence_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v florence_n exchange_n practise_v in_o florence_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n the_o say_a city_n be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o and_o there_o also_o show_v the_o common_a rate_n how_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v to_o rule_v which_o every_o day_n be_v so_o subject_a to_o alter_v that_o no_o set_a price_n can_v be_v peremptory_o set_v down_o for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o itself_o it_o be_v so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o ignorant_a may_v be_v further_v to_o make_v his_o account_n either_o in_o draught_n or_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o make_v which_o account_n upon_o this_o place_n now_o remain_v here_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o with_o so_o many_o other_o place_n as_o may_v make_v a_o man_n capable_a to_o understand_v the_o same_o with_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n here_o omit_v florence_n account_n keep_v in_o florence_n and_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v observable_a here_o that_o all_o exchanger_n here_o do_v keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n or_o lyre_n or_o liver_n 7½_n of_o that_o money_n per_fw-mi crown_n the_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o because_o that_o 20_o sol_n of_o gold_n do_v make_v one_o crown_n and_o 12_o den._n one_o sol._n chap._n cccci_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n lion_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o lion_n florence_n then_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_n with_o lion_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 95¾_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o lion_n 100_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o gold_n i_o demand_v for_o crow_n 1268._o 9_o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o lion_n i_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o crow_n 95¾_n give_v crown_n 100_o what_o will_v crown_n 1268._o 9_o give_v and_o it_o come_v to_o crown_n 1324_o and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n they_o will_v make_v in_o all_o crown_n 1324._o 15._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v credit_n in_o lion_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o florence_n the_o calculation_n thereof_o here_o follow_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v see_v when_o lion_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n chap._n ccccii._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n placentia_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o placentia_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o placentia_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la 110½_n crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v there_o 100_o crown_n of_o mark_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o mark_n be_v due_a to_o i_o first_o reduce_v the_o say_v crown_n 110½_n into_o sol_n of_o gold_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n 10_o sol_n for_o the_o half_a crown_n and_o they_o make_v sol._n 2210_o likewise_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n into_o sols_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 99461_o then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sols_n 2210_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o mark_n what_o will_v sol._n 99461_o give_v to_o which_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o 100_o and_o then_o divide_v it_o will_v come_v to_o crown_n of_o mark_n and_o multiply_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o division_n by_o 20_o and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 4500._o 9_o 11._o of_o mark_n and_o so_o much_o must_v i_o have_v credit_n in_o placentia_n for_o the_o say_a crow_n 4973._o 1._o 0._o of_o gold_n of_o florence_n as_o by_o example_n calculate_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o account_n be_v see_v when_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v from_o placentia_n to_o florence_n etc._n etc._n chap._n cccciii_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venetia_n venice_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o venice_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o venice_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la crow_n 81½_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v duc._n in_o banco_n 100_o of_o liver_n 6â…“_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 2037._o 10._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n in_o venice_n to_o do_v which_o bring_v the_o crow_n 81½_n into_o half_a crown_n multiply_v they_o by_o 2_o and_o so_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n add_v half_o a_o crown_n for_o the_o 10_o sol_n then_o say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o the_o half_a crown_n produce_v of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n give_v at_o venice_n duc._n 100_o what_o will_v the_o half_a crown_n give_v proceed_v from_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n and_o so_o by_o add_v two_o cypher_n for_o the_o
100_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o it_o will_v make_v duc._n 2500_o which_o florence_n be_v to_o have_v in_o venice_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remain_v of_o the_o division_n they_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 24_o to_o make_v they_o gross_v because_o that_o 24_o gross_n make_v a_o duc._n of_o lib._n 6._o 4_o sols_n example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v more_o evident_a when_o venice_n do_v rechange_v for_o florence_n chap._n cccciv_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n rome_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o rome_n florence_n be_v say_v to_o exchange_n with_o rome_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la crown_v 92¼_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 1600_o 2_o sol_n 5_o den._n of_o gold_n of_o florence_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n shall_v florence_n have_v credit_n for_o in_o rome_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n at_o 92¼_n per_fw-la cent_n and_o multiply_v the_o remainder_n by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o make_v crown_n 1476_o 2_o sol_n 2_o den._n of_o gold_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o rome_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v evident_a when_o this_o parcel_n be_v rechange_v from_o rome_n to_o flounce_v chap._n ccccu._n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o naples_n florence_n exchange_v with_o naples_n and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la duc._n 119â…”_n of_o tarry_v 5_o per_fw-mi duc._n i_o demand_v then_o for_o crow_n 780._o 15_o of_o gold_n what_o credit_n in_o duc._n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n to_o do_v which_o first_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crow_n of_o gold_n by_o grain_n 119â…”_n per_fw-la crown_n because_o it_o be_v so_o many_o grain_n per_fw-mi crow_n as_o it_o come_v to_o be_v duc._n for_o crow_n 100_o and_o they_o make_v grain_n 93429._o of_o which_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n to_o make_v they_o ducat_n say_v that_o the_o duc._n be_v worth_n 100_o grain_n and_o they_o make_v duc._n 934._o and_o for_o the_o grain_n 29_o tarry_v 1_o and_o grain_n 9_o and_o so_o much_o credit_n shall_v florence_n have_v in_o naples_n as_o by_o this_o example_n be_v show_v proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v manifest_v when_o naples_n be_v see_v to_o exchange_v with_o florence_n chap._n ccccvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n antwerp_n exchange_n of_o florence_n with_o antwerp_n florence_n do_v exchange_n with_o antwerp_n and_o give_v one_o crown_n of_o gold_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n groff_n 112½_n posito_fw-la i_o demand_v then_o for_o crown_n 1400._o 12._o 8._o of_o gold_n how_o many_o pound_n of_o groff_n be_o i_o to_o have_v in_o antwerp_n to_o do_v this_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a price_n of_o gross_n 112½_n and_o it_o make_v gross_v 157571._o of_o which_o take_v the_o 1½_n to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o they_o make_v sol_n 13130_o and_o gross_a 11._o which_o to_o reduce_v to_o pound_n cut_v off_o the_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o say_a sol_n or_o shilling_n and_o take_v ½_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o make_v pound_n 656_o and_o for_o the_o ten_o that_o be_v remain_v it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v 10_o sol_n and_o if_o the_o figure_n cut_v off_o have_v be_v any_o number_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o 10_o sol_n and_o it_o thus_o make_v pound_n 656._o 10._o 11._o money_n of_o antwerp_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o that_o antwerp_n do_v exchange_n with_o florence_n london_n note_v florence_n with_o london_n note_v that_o when_o florence_n do_v exchange_n for_o london_n which_o be_v seldom_o in_o use_n the_o rule_n of_o cast_v up_o the_o same_o in_o sterling_a money_n be_v this_o as_o above_o with_o antwerp_n in_o flemish_a pound_n chap._n ccccvii_n to_o reduce_v crown_n of_o 7_o l._n in_o florence_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7½_n if_o in_o florence_n you_o will_v reduce_v any_o sum_n of_o crown_n of_o money_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n per_fw-la crow_n into_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o lyre_n 7_o l._n ½_n you_o must_v take_v the_o 1â…•_n of_o the_o crow_n of_o money_n and_o the_o remainder_n will_v be_v crown_n of_o gold_n and_o if_o again_o you_o will_v reduce_v crown_n of_o gold_n into_o crown_n of_o money_n you_o must_v add_v contrary_o to_o the_o crow_n of_o gold_n 1¼_n and_o they_o will_v be_v so_o many_o crown_n of_o money_n as_o for_o example_n chap._n ccccviii_n of_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o florence_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v from_o florence_n to_o naples_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o 15_o day_n sight_n to_o rome_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o thence_o at_o 20_o day_n after_o date_n to_o bologna_n at_o 3_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o and_o so_o for_o pisa_n to_o ferrara_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o perugia_n and_o sciena_n at_o 2_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o avignon_n at_o 30_o day_n after_o date_n and_o thence_o 45_o day_n after_o date_n to_o gaietta_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n 2_o month_n after_o sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o milan_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n at_o 15_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o ancona_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o valentia_n at_o 40_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o london_n at_o 3_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o genoa_n at_o the_o fair_n and_o thence_o 15_o day_n sight_n back_o to_o lion_n to_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n to_o milan_n at_o 10_o day_n fight_v and_o so_o back_o to_o aquila_n and_o sermona_n at_o 11_o day_n sight_n to_o comerino_n at_o 8_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o chap._n ccccix._n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n in_o tuscany_n florence_n order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n by_o exchange_n in_o florence_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v by_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o florence_n example_n 1_o example_n to_o florence_n then_o come_v advice_n from_o venice_n that_o the_o exchange_n for_o the_o say_a place_n of_o florence_n come_v at_o crow_n 80½_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o duc._n 135½_n they_o inorder_n in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o venice_n that_o at_o this_o rate_n they_o make_v a_o remittance_n to_o florence_n and_o draw_v from_o placentia_n at_o how_o much_o than_o will_v the_o draught_n of_o florence_n for_o placentia_n come_v unto_o to_o do_v this_o multiply_v duc._n 135½_n which_o be_v the_o value_n of_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n by_o crow_n 80½_n of_o gold_n per_fw-la cent_n because_o the_o say_a crow_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o rate_n of_o the_o duc._n 100_o of_o venice_n and_o it_o will_v be_v crow_n 109._o 19_o from_o which_o take_v 2_o â—_o per_fw-la cent_n for_o the_o provision_n pay_v at_o venice_n and_o there_o will_v rest_v crow_n 108._o 12._o 10._o and_o so_o many_o crow_n of_o gold_n be_v imburse_v at_o florence_n for_o 100_o crow_n of_o mark_n for_o a_o debt_n at_o placentia_n as_o thus_o for_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o one_o of_o venice_n be_v creditor_n in_o florence_n crow_n 3000_o of_o gold_n who_o inorder_v that_o the_o same_o be_v remit_v unto_o he_o at_o crow_n 81½_n or_o by_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110_o where_o the_o most_o advance_v and_o profit_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o find_v a_o remittance_n in_o both_o place_n to_o benefit_n of_o the_o price_n limit_v the_o remittance_n shall_v be_v where_o the_o profit_n and_o benefit_n be_v great_a and_o find_v the_o remittance_n to_o loss_n the_o remittance_n be_v make_v where_o the_o damage_n be_v least_o there_o be_v then_o bill_n find_v for_o venice_n at_o crow_n 82¼_n and_o for_o placentia_n at_o crow_n 110â…š_n i_o demand_v by_o which_o of_o the_o two_o
and_o give_v crow_n 100_o of_o l._n 5_o per_fw-la crow_n to_o have_v in_o naples_n posito_fw-la 98½_n ducat_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 4314_o 14_o 2_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o ducat_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o naples_n first_o take_v â…•_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n to_o reduce_v they_o into_o crow_n of_o 5_o l._n and_o they_o make_v crow_n 862._o 18._o 10._o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o grain_n 98½_n per_fw-la crow_n see_v it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o at_o ducat_n 98½_n per_fw-la 100_o crow_n and_o it_o make_v grain_n 84999_o and_o cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n there_o will_v remain_v ducat_n 849_o and_o for_o the_o two_o figure_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v grain_n 99_o will_v be_v liver_n 4_o grain_n 19_o in_o all_o ducat_n 849._o 4._o 19_o which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o naples_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o liver_n of_o milan_n as_o for_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n be_v see_v when_o naples_n shall_v exchange_v with_o milan_n chap._n ccccxvi_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n for_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n of_o milan_n with_o genoa_n milan_n exchange_v with_o genoa_n and_o give_v posito_fw-la sols_n 118½_n to_o have_v in_o genoa_n one_o crown_n for_o 4_o l._n of_o that_o money_n i_o demand_v for_o l._n 5703._o 18._o 0_o of_o milan_n how_o many_o liver_n of_o current_a money_n shall_v i_o have_v in_o genoa_n first_o reduce_v the_o say_a sum_n into_o sols_n multiply_v they_o by_o 20_o and_o add_v to_o the_o multiplication_n the_o 18_o sol_n which_o account_n with_o the_o liver_n and_o then_o of_o the_o sol_n produce_v and_o of_o the_o say_a sol_n 118½_n take_v for_o division_n bring_v into_o ½_n sols_n and_o divide_v the_o same_o will_v become_v crown_n and_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o division_n multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n and_o they_o will_v make_v crown_n 962._o 13._o 8._o of_o l._n 4._o money_n of_o genoa_n the_o which_o to_o bring_v into_o liver_n must_v be_v multiply_v by_o l._n 4._o per_fw-la crow_n begin_v to_o multiply_v the_o say_v l._n 4._o by_o denier_n 8_o and_o by_o the_o sol_n 13_o which_o be_v with_o the_o crown_n calculate_v for_o 12_o denier_n 1_o sol_n and_o for_o 20_o sol_n one_o liver_n it_o will_v come_v to_o l._n 3850._o 14._o 8._o and_o so_o many_o liver_n of_o money_n current_n shall_v you_o have_v in_o genoa_n for_o the_o say_a liver_n 5703._o 18._o of_o milan_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n be_v see_v when_o that_o genoa_n do_v exchange_n for_o milan_n chap._n ccccxvii_n of_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n milan_n term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o milan_n the_o term_n of_o payment_n find_v to_o be_v in_o milan_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v from_o thence_o to_o genoa_n at_o 5_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o pisa_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o florence_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o venice_n at_o 10_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o paris_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o bruges_n and_o antwerp_n at_o 2_o month_n after_o date_n and_o so_o back_o to_o barselona_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o montpellier_n at_o 20_o day_n sight_n and_o so_o back_o to_o lion_n for_o a_o fair_a and_o so_o from_o fair_a to_o fair._n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n and_o now_o to_o order_n and_o commission_n in_o use_n in_o the_o say_a place_n chap._n ccccxviii_n of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n milan_n order_n and_o commissionâ—_n give_v and_o receive_v for_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o milan_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n i_o will_v here_o brief_o insert_v some_o example_n of_o draught_n and_o remittance_n make_v here_o by_o order_n and_o commission_n from_o other_o place_n example_n 1_o example_n from_o naples_n then_o come_v order_n to_o milan_n to_o remit_v for_o placentia_n at_o 133_o sol._n and_o to_o prevail_v for_o genoa_n at_o sol._n 118½_n the_o parcel_n be_v for_o 3000_o crown_n of_o mark._n now_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o placentia_n at_o sols_n 131._o consider_v then_o the_o benefit_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o remittance_n at_o how_o much_o may_v the_o draught_n be_v for_o genoa_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sol._n 133_o give_v 118½_n the_o price_n inorder_v what_o will_v 131_o give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n and_o it_o will_v be_v sol._n 116â…”_n and_o at_o this_o price_n the_o draught_n must_v be_v make_v for_o genoa_n in_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 131_o and_o the_o commission_n will_v remain_v effect_v according_a to_o the_o order_n give_v example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o lion_n be_v order_v give_v to_o milan_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v for_o lion_n at_o sol._n 118_o and_o reâ—it_v to_o venice_n at_o sol._n 145_o the_o parcel_n be_v for_o duc._n 5500_o of_o l._n 6â…“_n per_fw-la duc._n there_o be_v money_n for_o lion_n at_o sol._n 119_o and_o bill_n for_o venice_n at_o sol._n 144â…“_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o price_n the_o order_n may_v be_v perform_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o take_v one_o of_o the_o price_n which_o be_v find_v for_o divisor_n by_o reason_n that_o milan_n give_v according_a to_o my_o former_a method_n the_o certain_a price_n to_o venice_n and_o the_o uncertain_a to_o lion_n and_o say_v if_o 144â…“_n the_o price_n find_v for_o venice_n give_v sol._n 118_o what_o will_v 145_o the_o price_n inorder_v give_v and_o it_o will_v make_v 118½_n so_o that_o the_o say_a commission_n at_o the_o price_n find_v may_v be_v effect_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o venice_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 144â…“_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o lion_n at_o 118½_n and_o there_o be_v money_n find_v at_o sol._n 119._o as_o by_o example_n example_n 2_o example_n again_o from_o rome_n come_v order_n to_o milan_n to_o draw_v on_o they_o at_o crow_n 115_o and_o remit_v to_o plaâ—…ntia_n at_o 132_o sol_n the_o party_n be_v for_o crow_n 4000_o there_o be_v bill_n find_v for_o placentia_n at_o sol._n 133½_n and_o mo_z for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 11._o 6â…”_n i_o demand_v if_o at_o these_o rate_v the_o commission_n may_v be_v perform_v without_o loss_n say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o if_o sol._n 132_o give_v cro._n 11._o 5._o though_o price_n limit_v what_o will_v 133½_n give_v the_o price_n find_v for_o placentia_n and_o it_o will_v come_v to_o crow_n 116._o 6._o 1._o so_o that_o the_o commission_n may_v be_v perform_v to_o benefit_n because_o that_o remit_v to_o placentia_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o sol._n 133½_n the_o draught_n may_v be_v make_v for_o rome_n at_o crow_n 116_o 3_o 18_o and_o there_o be_v find_v at_o more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o crow_n 116â…–_n as_o per_fw-la example_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o exchange_n of_o milan_n next_o be_v palermo_n and_o mesina_n chap._n ccccxix_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n and_o how_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v calculate_v mesina_n exchange_n practise_v in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o general_a exchange_n of_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n with_o how_o many_o other_o place_n these_o city_n in_o sicilia_n be_v observe_v to_o exchange_n and_o there_o also_o set_v down_o the_o common_a current_a rate_n thereof_o which_o every_o day_n be_v find_v so_o subject_a to_o alteration_n that_o no_o positive_a rule_n can_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o beneficial_a that_o thereby_o the_o unexperienced_a may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o calculation_n both_o in_o his_o draught_n and_o remittance_n the_o way_n of_o cast_v the_o sum_n up_o be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v observe_v the_o same_o here_o with_o some_o few_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v sufficient_a for_o instruction_n to_o those_o other_o omit_v sicilia_n account_n keep_v in_o sicilia_n first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n and_o general_o bring_v the_o island_n of_o sicilia_n the_o exchanger_n keep_v their_o account_n in_o ounce_n tarry_v and_o grain_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o 30_o and_o 20_o because_o that_o 30_o tarry_v do_v make_v a_o ounce_n and_o 20_o grain_n make_v a_o tarry_a and_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 13_o which_o be_v carlins_n 26_o the_o crown_n of_o money_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 12_o which_o be_v carlins_n 24._o the_o florin_n be_v worth_a tarry_v 6_o which_o be_v
these_o example_n but_o i_o have_v wander_v too_o far_o and_o proceed_v far_o in_o this_o subject_n than_o i_o intend_v therefore_o here_o will_v conclude_v both_o the_o calcuation_n of_o exchange_n and_o these_o method_n of_o abreviate_a the_o rule_n of_o division_n and_o multiplication_n refer_v what_o be_v here_o by_o i_o omit_v in_o both_o the_o say_a subject_n to_o the_o ingenious_a hand_n and_o head_n of_o the_o mysterious_a exchanger_n finis_fw-la a_o alphabetical_a table_n comprehend_v the_o most_o notable_a thing_n contain_v in_o this_o merchant_n map_n of_o commerce_n a._n africa_n bound_v with_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o asia_n bound_v with_o its_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n ibid._n america_n bound_v its_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n ibid._n be_v of_o merchandize_v and_o the_o general_a part_n thereof_o 2_o a_o merchant_n shall_v know_v the_o form_n of_o acquittance_n letter_n of_o attorney_n of_o account-keeping_a and_o arithmetic_n ibid._n to_o abbreviate_v the_o labour_n of_o weigh_v 6_o how_o to_o accord_n the_o weight_n of_o any_o two_o place_n ibid._n of_o account_n and_o account-keeping_n 7_o account_n keep_v diverse_o in_o divers_a city_n and_o country_n ibid._n the_o method_n use_v in_o account_n be_v divers_a ibid._n four_o rule_n require_v in_o a_o account_n ibid._n artificial_a commodity_n what_o 9_o america_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o 11_o andalusia_n nova_fw-la 13_o africa_n and_o the_o province_n 14_o argier_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o comain_v the_o commodity_n coin_n weight_n measure_n account_n and_o custom_n thereof_o 10_o aian_n and_o the_o commodity_n thereof_o 27_o alexandria_n 28_o and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o commodity_n weight_n measure_n 30_o asia_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o 40_o anatolia_n or_o anatolia_n 41_o alexandretta_n scanderone_n 42_o angora_n with_o weight_n and_o measure_n 50_o amasia_n 51_o armenia_n and_o the_o city_n chap._n 67_o &_o 52._o mount_v ararat_n ibid._n acria_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 56_o contain_v weight_n measure_n and_o coin_n ibid._n amano_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 58_o aleppo_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o count_v ain_v commodity_n weight_n coin_n measure_n account_n custom_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n 63_o arabia_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o 68_o assyria_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o 69_o aden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 71_o astracan_a and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v the_o weight_n measure_v thereof_o etc._n etc._n 85_o aracan_a and_o ava_n 88_o 95_o agria_n 90_o amadavar_n ibid._n adam_n hill_n the_o paradise_n of_o siloner_n 102_o amboina_fw-la island_n 103_o achin_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 105_o andalusia_n 112_o alicant_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v coin_n account_n weight_n measure_n etc._n etc._n 115_o alcala_n ibid._n arragon_n 119_o aquitania_n 122_o anjou_n 125_o avergno_fw-la 127_o avignon_n 131_o abruzzo_n 139_o apulia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 141_o anco_fw-la and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 149_o aste_n a_o great_a mart_n 168_o antwerp_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 179_o artois_n ibid._n arras_n ibid._n amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 180_o albis_n river_n in_o germany_n 182_o alsatia_n 185_o anspache_n 186_o ausburge_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 194_o austria_n ibid._n amber_n 209_o archangel_n in_o moscovia_n 220_o avalona_n or_o valona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 243_o argos_n in_o morea_n 245_o arcadian_a plain_n ibid._n achaia_n 246_o athens_n ibid._n albania_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o 246_o mount_v athos_n the_o holy_a mountain_n ibid._n adrianopolis_n ibid._n adriatic_a island_n 254_o anglesey_n island_n 269_o &_o 262_o merchant_n adventure_n their_o original_n and_o place_n of_o residency_n in_o london_n 267_o antwerp_n exchange_n 289_o alcala_n exchange_n 294_o augusta_n exchange_n 298_o custom_n of_o acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o lion_n 302_o account_n of_o discount_n and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o use_v as_o well_o in_o lion_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n of_o trade_n 305_o account-keeping_a in_o lion_n how_o 307_o aggio_n of_o money_n practise_v in_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o rome_n 340_o example_n of_o exchange_n practise_v in_o antwerp_n and_o how_o calculate_v 435_o exchange_n of_o antwerp_n with_o lion_n 436_o of_o antwerp_n with_o placentia_n 437_o of_o antwerp_n with_o florence_n 438_o of_o antwerp_n with_o venice_n 439_o of_o antwerp_n with_o london_n 440_o of_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o antwerp_n 441_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o exchange_n at_o antwerp_n 442_o b._n barter_v in_o use_n of_o old_a 2_o bargain_v ibid._n thing_n considerable_a in_o barter_v ibid._n thing_n considerable_a in_o bargain_v ibid._n a_o merchant_n ought_v to_o know_v the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n ibid._n of_o bill_n of_o lade_n ibid._n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n ibid._n the_o burse_n or_o exchange_n 3_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n of_o custom_n 4_o barter_v and_o exchange_v before_o the_o use_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n 5_o brasilia_n 13_o barbada_fw-es island_n ibid._n barmuda_n or_o summer_n island_n ibid._n barbary_n 14_o barbary_n merchant_n 23_o borneo_n 25_o boro_n 27_o bithynia_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o 47_o prussia_n in_o bithynia_n the_o trade_n commodity_n coin_n weight_n measure_n and_o custom_n thereof_o 48_o baruti_fw-la with_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o coin_n measure_n weight_v thereof_o 59_o babylon_n and_o the_o trade_n contain_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n etc._n etc._n thereof_o 72_o balsara_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o contain_v the_o custom_n commodity_n weight_n and_o measure_n 77_o bindamir_n 79_o balasia_n 88_o bengala_n ibid._n barma_n ibid._n boroche_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 90_o bassain_n 92_o bengala_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o coast_n 94_o banda_n and_o island_n of_o moluccos_fw-la 103_o batavia_n olim_fw-la jacetra_n 104_o bantam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o ibid._n borneo_n island_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 106_o beniermasa_n a_o english_a factory_a ibid._n baiona_n and_o biscay_n 114_o barselona_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 119_o bordeaux_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 124_o britain_n 125_o bourbon_n 127_o berry_n and_o la_fw-fr beuse_n ibid._n burges_n and_o beauvois_n ibid._n beaucarre_n 129_o burgundy_n 132_o bresse_n ibid._n bisanson_n ibid._n bolonia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 143_o bressia_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 155_o brussels_n 178_o breda_n ibid._n bruges_n 179_o breme_n the_o trade_n thereof_o 184_o baccrai_n 186_o baden_n ibid._n bainsberge_n ibid._n basil_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 193_o bavaria_n 194_o bohemia_n 195_o brandenburge_n 196_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o 200_o beer_n of_o lubeck_n famous_a 205_o baltic_a island_n 210_o bornholm_n ibid._n blesida_n ibid._n bergen_n one_o of_o the_o 4_o ancient_a mart_n town_n of_o europe_n 216_o bodia_n in_o sweden_n 217_o buda_n in_o hungary_n 234_o bulgaria_n 235_o bosna_n ibid._n beaumare_n in_o anglesey_n 262_o britain_n and_o the_o province_n 268_o berkshire_n 269_o buckinghamshire_n ibid._n bedfordshire_n ibid._n barwick_n ibid._n brecknockshire_n ibid._n beauty_n of_o england_n ibid._n barbary_n merchant_n of_o london_n their_o original_n and_o decay_n 270_o barry_n exchange_n 286_o barselona_n exchange_n 293_o bolonia_n exchange_n 296_o bergamo_n exchange_n 297_o bilan_n what_o 302_o example_n upon_o exchange_n practise_v in_o barselona_n and_o how_o calculate_v 426_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o lion_n 427_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o placentia_n 428_o exchange_n of_o barselona_n with_o saragosa_n 429_o of_o barselona_n with_o valentia_n 430_o of_o barselona_n with_o sevil_n 431_o of_o barselona_n with_o lisbon_n 432_o of_o order_n and_o commission_n give_v and_o receive_v in_o draught_n and_o remittance_n in_o exchange_n make_v in_o barselona_n 433_o term_n of_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o barselona_n 434_o c._n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geography_n to_o merchant_n 1_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n tropic_n ibid._n commutation_n distinguish_v into_o three_o manner_n 2_o a_o merchant_n shall_v know_v the_o form_n of_o all_o charter-party_n ibid._n city_n and_o town_n eminent_a in_o trade_n only_o mention_v in_o this_o map_n 3_o six_o part_n require_v in_o a_o complete_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n what_o city_n be_v find_v sit_v for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n ibid._n two_o sort_n of_o city_n of_o traffic_n ibid._n sea_n city_n of_o trade_n what_o ibid._n land_n city_n of_o trade_n what_o ibid._n city_n of_o trade_n in_o manual_a art_n ibid._n the_o city_n of_o trade_n mention_v in_o this_o map_n of_o commerce_n ibid._n five_o place_n in_o a_o city_n depend_v upon_o trade_n ibid._n the_o custom-house_n ibid._n the_o custom_n imposition_n and_o other_o duty_n pay_v by_o merchant_n upon_o good_n 4_o custom_n not_o always_o alike_o in_o all_o place_n ibid._n custom_n due_a upon_o all_o commodity_n ibid._n custom_n differ_v in_o regard_n of_o time_n of_o place_n of_o city_n
present_o the_o same_o day_n and_o in_o convenient_a time_n of_o the_o day_n to_o carry_v bank_n the_o bill_n to_o the_o party_n of_o who_o i_o receive_v it_o that_o so_o he_o may_v cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n if_o he_o please_v and_o may_v not_o be_v any_o way_n prejudice_v through_o my_o detention_n of_o his_o bill_n beyond_o the_o due_a time_n and_o usual_o the_o party_n of_o who_o i_o do_v receive_v such_o a_o bill_n to_o go_v for_o my_o money_n do_v give_v i_o order_n in_o case_n i_o have_v not_o my_o money_n pay_v i_o either_o to_o bring_v he_o back_o the_o bill_n again_o or_o else_o to_o carry_v it_o to_o a_o notary_n to_o be_v protest_v and_o come_v to_o he_o and_o he_o will_v pay_v i_o which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o three_o day_n of_o my_o bill_n i_o must_v likewise_o protest_v it_o against_o he_o for_o want_v of_o present_a payment_n several_a form_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o several_a language_n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n this_o 16_o of_o novemb_n 1654._o for_o 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o six_o day_n sight_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n abraham_n p._n or_o assign_v one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n here_o receive_v of_o mr._n john_n d._n make_v good_a payment_n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n as_o per_fw-la advice_n your_o love_a friend_n william_n m._n to_o mr._n francis_n w._n merchant_n dd_a in_o exon._n p_o â—_o laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n the_o 16_o of_o november_n 1654._o for_o 100_o l._n sterling_a at_o six_o day_n sight_n pay_v this_o my_o second_o bill_n of_o exchange_n my_o first_o not_o pay_v to_o mr._n abraham_n p._n or_o assign_v one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n here_o receive_v of_o mr._n john_n d._n make_v good_a payment_n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n as_o per_fw-la advice_n your_o love_a friend_n william_n m._n to_o mr._n francis_n w._n merchant_n dd_a in_o exon._n s_o dâ—_n if_o he_o who_o under-writes_a the_o bill_n be_v to_o make_v himself_o debtor_n than_o he_o write_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o put_v it_o to_o my_o account_n but_o if_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o pay_v it_o and_o to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v be_v debtor_n to_o the_o drawer_n than_o he_o write_v and_o put_v it_o to_o your_o account_n also_o sometime_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o bill_n thus_o and_o put_v it_o to_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o one_o laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n this_o 17_o of_o novemb_n 1654._o for_o 100_o l._n at_o 36_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n per_fw-la pound_n at_o usance_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n cornelius_n vande_n b._n or_o order_n one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a at_o 36_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n per_fw-la pound_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n here_o receive_v of_o mr._n john_n c._n make_v good_a payment_n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n as_o per_fw-la advice_n your_o love_a friend_n thomas_n d._n to_o mr._n peter_n e._n merchant_n dd_a in_o amsterdam_n p_o â—_o the_o second_o bill_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o first_o only_o with_o this_o alteration_n and_o addition_n at_o usance_n not_o have_v my_o first_o pay_v this_o my_o second_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n cornelius_n vande_n b._n or_o order_n etc._n etc._n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n adj_fw-la 17_o novemb_n 1654._o for_o 333¼_n â–¿_o at_o 52_o d._n sterling_a per_fw-la â–¿_o at_o double_a usance_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n robert_n a._n or_o assign_v the_o sum_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o three_o crown_n and_o 〈◊〉_d three_o for_o the_o value_n here_o receive_v of_o mr._n henry_n b._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n as_o per_fw-la advice_n your_o love_a friend_n richard_n c._n to_o mr._n charles_n d._n merchant_n dd_a in_o roven_n p_o â—_o laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n adj_fw-la 17_o novemb_n 1654._o for_o d_o it_o be_v 564¼_n at_o 51_o d._n ½_n sterling_a per_fw-la dt._n three_o month_n after_o date_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n daniel_n a._n or_o order_n ducat_n five_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o four_o and_o one_o quarter_n in_o banco_n for_o the_o value_n here_o receive_v of_o mr._n john_n b._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n as_o per_fw-la advice_n william_n c._n to_o mr._n thomas_n d._n merchant_n in_o venice_n p_o â—_o ihus_fw-la malaga_n 13_o noviembre_n 1654._o a._n son_n 132_o l._n 7_o s._n 6_o d._n a_o quarenta_fw-la dias_fw-la vista_n pagara_fw-la v._n m._n por_fw-mi esta_fw-es mi_fw-mi teroera_fw-it no_o aviendo_fw-la pagado_fw-it por_fw-mi la_fw-fr pri_fw-la mera_fw-fr y_fw-fr segunda_fw-la ala_fw-la voluntad_fw-es de_fw-fr diego_n p._n ciento_n treynta_fw-mi y_fw-mi do_v libras_fw-la siete_n sueldoi_fw-la y_fw-es seis_fw-mi peniques_n esterlinus_n valour_n aqui_fw-la recevida_fw-la de_fw-la henrique_n g._n that_o sutiempo_fw-la ara_fw-la v._o m._n buen_fw-es pago_fw-la a_fw-fr sentandolas_fw-mi come_v a_o viso_fw-la xpto_fw-la con_fw-mi todo_fw-es antonio_n de_fw-fr s._n a_o juan_n d._n g_o de_o dios_n londres_n adj._n 18_o augusti_n 1654._o in_o venetia_n dt._n 1000_o a_o d._n 54_o per_fw-la d_o to_z auso_fw-la pagate_v per_fw-la qa._n pma._n di_o cambio_n alli_fw-la ss_z ri_o f._n the_o v._o &_o figli_fw-la d'ham_fw-la â—_o o_o chi_fw-mi ordinerannâ—_n d_o ti_fw-mi mille_fw-fr a_fw-fr d_o cinquanta_fw-la quatre_fw-fr per_fw-la d_o to_o valuta_fw-la contmi._n e_o ponete_v come_v vi_fw-la s'avisa_fw-la a_o dio_fw-mi tomaso_n d._n al_n madge_n co_fw-la s_o â—_o ricardo_n w._n in_o pma_z londra_fw-fr the_o assignment_n on_o the_o backside_n be_v thus_o et_fw-la per_fw-la noi_fw-it pagate_v il_fw-fr contenuto_fw-mi diquesta_fw-it senza_fw-it aitra_fw-la procura_fw-la all_o sr._n gio._n w._n cambiati_n con_fw-mi sr._n francisco_n r._n hamburgo_fw-la 28_o augusti_fw-la 1654._o per_fw-la f._n the_o v._o &_o figli_fw-la livorno_n the_o 21_o novemb_n 1654._o per_fw-la l._n 239_o 13_o 9_o sterl_n at_o 59_o d._n dollar_n 975._o three_o month_n after_o date_n of_o this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n my_o second_o or_o three_o not_o be_v pay_v pay_v unto_o mr._n william_n g._n or_o assign_v the_o sum_n of_o two_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o nine_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n receive_v here_o of_o mr._n thomas_n w._n place_v it_o to_o account_v as_o per_fw-la advice_n thomas_n s._n to_o mr._n robert_n b._n merchant_n in_o london_n p_o â—_o amsterdam_n adj_fw-la 27_o octob._n 1654._o voor_fw-mi 100_o l._n sterl_n open_v uso_fw-la betaelt_fw-mi desen_fw-mi my_o eersten_a wisselbrief_n ten_o sr._n jan_n e._n oft_o order_fw-fr hondert_fw-ge ponden_fw-ge sterlinex_n valuta_n van_n sr._n robert_n g._n stelt_v open_fw-mi my_o rekeninge_v all_o be_v per_fw-la advy_n martin_n p._n ersamen_fw-la sr._n willem_n s._n coopman_n tot_fw-mi london_n p_o â—_o a_o paris_n ce_fw-fr 10_o juillet_n 1654._o pour_v 450_o â–¿_o a_o 52_o d._n sterl_n per_fw-la â–¿_o a_o double_a usance_n payez_fw-fr per_fw-la ceste_fw-fr premiere_fw-la de_fw-fr change_n a_o monsr_n paul_n m._n ou_fw-fr a_fw-fr son_fw-fr order_fw-fr quatre_fw-fr centz_n escus_fw-la a_o cinquante_fw-la deux_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr sterlin_n pour_fw-fr escu_n valleur_fw-fr receu_fw-fr de_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr franceis_n l._n &_o passez_fw-fr a_fw-fr compte_fw-fr suivant_fw-fr l'advys_fw-fr de_fw-fr ure_n treshumble_fw-fr serviteur_fw-fr daniel_n f._n mounseur_fw-fr mounseur_fw-fr guillaume_n g._n merchant_n a_o londres_n p_o â—_o if_o there_o be_v a_o assignment_n on_o the_o backside_n thereof_o it_o run_v thus_o le_fw-fr contenu_fw-fr de_fw-fr ceste_fw-fr payez_fw-fr au_fw-fr sr._n pierre_n h._n ou_fw-fr order_fw-fr valleur_fw-fr du_fw-fr sr._n jean_n c._n paris_n 26_o i_n novembre_n 1654._o paul_n m._n rotterdam_n 2_o oct._n 1654._o for_o 200_o l._n sterl_n at_o double_a usance_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n roger_n c._n or_o assign_v two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o himself_o and_o put_v it_o to_o account_n of_o g._n p._n as_o per_fw-la advice_n your_o love_a friend_n john_n m._n to_o mr._n peter_n h._n merchant_n in_o london_n p_o â—_o if_o this_o bill_n be_v negotiate_v by_o exchange_n or_o the_o money_n take_v in_o and_o so_o to_o be_v assign_v over_o to_o another_o man_n the_o assignment_n must_v be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bill_n thus_o pay_v the_o content_n on_o the_o other_o side_n hereof_o to_o mr._n humphrey_n n._n or_o assign_v value_v of_o mr._n joseph_n b._n rotterdam_n 4_o oct._n 1654._o roger_n c._n but_o if_o humphrey_n n._n do_v likewise_o assign_v the_o same_o bill_n for_o his_o account_n than_o he_o write_v only_o thus_o pay_v the_o content_n hereof_o to_o mr._n john_n d._n humphrey_n n._n take_v up_o money_n for_o another_o man_n how_o perform_v if_o a_o man_n will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o he_o be_v
because_o it_o strike_v at_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o master_n or_o principal_a deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n do_v make_v over_o money_n by_o exchange_n payable_a to_o his_o servant_n or_o factor_n and_o do_v aferwards_o hear_v by_o certain_a advice_n give_v he_o that_o his_o say_a servant_n or_o factor_n do_v take_v ill_a course_n whereby_o the_o money_n and_o effect_n which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o hand_n or_o which_o may_v come_v to_o his_o hand_n for_o account_n of_o the_o principal_a deliverer_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v misspend_v or_o waste_v then_o and_o in_o such_o case_n the_o principal_n may_v send_v his_o countermand_n forbid_v the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o that_o servant_n or_o factor_n but_o to_o some_o other_o person_n or_o to_o keep_v the_o same_o in_o his_o hand_n when_o due_a until_o further_a order_n which_o countermand_n must_v be_v make_v and_o pass_v before_o a_o public_a notary_n in_o legal_a manner_n and_o by_o a_o notary_n notify_v to_o the_o party_n that_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n or_o that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o pretend_v any_o ignorance_n thereof_o and_o such_o a_o countermand_n be_v good_a and_o lawful_a according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v obey_v according_o if_o the_o same_o be_v notify_v in_o due_a form_n and_o time_n by_o a_o notary_n to_o the_o party_n which_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n before_o it_o be_v due_a and_o neither_o the_o drawer_n nor_o acceptor_n can_v suffer_v any_o damage_n in_o obedience_n thereto_o but_o if_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v and_o the_o money_n orderly_o pay_v before_o the_o countermand_n come_v to_o hand_n and_o be_v notify_v as_o above_o in_o such_o case_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v do_v for_o prevention_n of_o danger_n the_o bird_n be_v already_o flee_v and_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v pay_v before_o it_o be_v due_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o usance_n what_o it_o be_v and_o how_o to_o be_v account_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v payable_a at_o usance_n double_a usance_n or_o treble_a usance_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o usance_n if_o from_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n except_o hamborough_n and_o venice_n one_o month_n next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o like_a of_o double_a and_o treble_a usance_n two_o or_o three_o month_n to_o be_v account_v still_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n for_o from_o hamborough_n they_o usual_o draw_v at_o two_o month_n and_o usance_n from_o venice_n be_v three_o month_n as_o i_o have_v already_o shewedâ—_n but_o i_o say_v always_o the_o usance_n be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o month_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n let_v the_o month_n fall_v out_o how_o it_o will_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o month_n that_o have_v 31_o day_n 30_o day_n or_o 28_o day_n each_o month_n by_o denomination_n be_v a_o full_a and_o perfect_a usance_n for_o when_o it_o be_v say_v at_o usance_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o it_o be_v say_v one_o month_n after_o the_o date_n now_o merchant_n usual_o count_v twelve_o month_n in_o the_o year_n and_o not_o thirteen_o month_n as_o among_o nurse_n and_o the_o female_a sex_n 4_o week_n or_o 28_o day_n to_o a_o month_n neither_o do_v we_o reckon_v every_o thirty_o day_n a_o month_n if_o the_o month_n have_v more_o or_o less_o day_n in_o it_o as_o some_o imagine_v but_o a_o full_a month_n by_o denomination_n from_o such_o a_o day_n of_o such_o a_o month_n to_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o next_o month_n or_o from_o the_o last_o day_n of_o one_o month_n to_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o next_o month_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n date_v in_o amsterdam_n the_o 20_o of_o december_n new_a stile_n which_o be_v the_o 10_o of_o december_n old_a stile_n payable_a at_o usance_n will_v be_v due_a the_o 10_o of_o january_n old_a stile_n a_o bill_n date_v the_o 15_o of_o june_n new_a stile_n which_o be_v the_o 5_o of_o june_n old_a stile_n payable_a at_o usance_n will_v be_v due_a the_o 5_o of_o july_n old_a stile_n and_o a_o bill_n date_v the_o 10_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n which_o be_v the_o last_o of_o january_n old_a stile_n make_v payable_a at_o usance_n in_o london_n will_v be_v due_a the_o last_o of_o february_n old_a stile_n and_o a_o bill_n date_v in_o amsterdam_n the_o 9th_o of_o january_n new_a stile_n payable_a at_o double_a usance_n will_v be_v due_a in_o london_n the_o 27_o of_o february_n old_a stile_n as_o will_v be_v make_v very_o plain_a and_o manifest_a by_o the_o table_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v to_o be_v account_v from_o any_o other_o date_n for_o usance_n double_a usance_n or_o treble_a usance_n always_o reckon_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n month_n after_o month_n day_n sight_n a_o bill_n payable_a at_o so_o many_o day_n sight_n be_v to_o be_v account_v so_o many_o day_n next_o after_o the_o bill_n shall_v be_v accept_v or_o else_o protest_v for_o non_fw-la acceptance_n and_o not_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n nor_o from_o the_o day_n that_o the_o same_o come_v to_o hand_n or_o be_v private_o exhibit_v to_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v to_o be_v accept_v if_o he_o do_v not_o accept_v thereof_o for_o the_o sight_n must_v appear_v in_o a_o legal_a way_n which_o be_v approve_v either_o by_o the_o party_n under-writing_n the_o bill_n accept_v thereof_o or_o by_o protest_v make_v for_o non-acceptance_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o bill_n so_o make_v payable_a be_v omit_v to_o be_v present_o upon_o refusal_n protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n all_o that_o time_n which_o shall_v run_v out_o between_o the_o private_a present_v of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o protest_v thereof_o be_v lose_v time_n and_o not_o to_o be_v account_v as_o part_v of_o the_o number_n of_o day_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n except_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v do_v of_o his_o own_o free_a will_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v see_v the_o bill_n from_o the_o first_o day_n it_o be_v private_o present_v unto_o he_o a_o accept_a bill_n lose_v by_o the_o party_n to_o who_o payable_a if_o a_o accept_a bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o his_o servant_n or_o any_o other_o who_o he_o have_v entrust_v with_o the_o bill_n i_o do_v advise_v he_o present_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o find_v the_o bill_n miss_v to_o notify_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o party_n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o who_o have_v accept_v the_o same_o that_o he_o may_v take_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o peradventure_o the_o accept_a bill_n be_v find_v by_o a_o stranger_n nothing_o concern_v therein_o and_o he_o shall_v knavish_o come_v or_o send_v for_o the_o money_n or_o use_v any_o indirect_a way_n for_o the_o finger_n thereof_o the_o party_n that_o accept_v the_o bill_n may_v be_v premonish_v at_o his_o peril_n not_o to_o pay_v it_o to_o the_o bringer_n without_o the_o special_a order_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a or_o that_o lose_v the_o bill_n and_o this_o notification_n to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o notary_n that_o may_v give_v testimony_n thereof_o if_o occasion_n be_v to_o serve_v and_o prevail_v to_o the_o right_a party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a or_o that_o lose_v the_o bill_n in_o time_n and_o place_n according_a to_o reason_n and_o when_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a and_o the_o time_n be_v come_v for_o he_o to_o go_v for_o the_o money_n the_o party_n which_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n be_v not_o free_v from_o present_a payment_n of_o the_o money_n because_o the_o bill_n be_v lose_v for_o though_o the_o accept_a bill_n be_v lose_v yet_o he_o that_o accept_v it_o be_v not_o and_o though_o a_o specialty_n may_v be_v mislay_v and_o not_o present_o find_v yet_o that_o do_v no_o way_n free_v the_o deptor_n from_o perform_v his_o engagement_n neither_o must_v the_o acceptor_n think_v this_o to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n for_o he_o to_o say_v show_v i_o my_o accept_a bill_n and_o i_o will_v pay_v you_o or_o else_o i_o will_v keep_v the_o money_n until_o you_o bring_v i_o the_o second_o bill_n and_o such_o like_a flam_n mere_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o money_n a_o little_o long_a time_n think_v that_o because_o the_o accept_a bill_n be_v lose_v and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o second_o bill_n not_o yet_o come_v to_o
of_o exchange_n lose_v leave_v to_o be_v accept_v if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v lest_o with_o a_o man_n to_o be_v accept_v and_o he_o happen_v to_o have_v lose_v the_o bill_n or_o that_o it_o be_v mis-delivered_a that_o be_v to_o say_v deliver_v by_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o servant_n or_o by_o his_o mean_n to_o a_o wrong_a party_n or_o if_o in_o any_o case_n the_o party_n which_o leave_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v accept_v can_v have_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n redeliver_v to_o he_o accept_v or_o not_o accept_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n that_o lose_v the_o bill_n namely_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v or_o through_o who_o mean_n it_o be_v mis-delivered_a if_o he_o intend_v to_o accept_v the_o bill_n or_o if_o he_o have_v accept_v it_o must_v give_v a_o note_n under_o his_o hand_n and_o seal_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n mention_v in_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v payable_a or_o his_o assign_v at_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n i_o say_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o the_o second_o bill_n if_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o hand_n within_o the_o time_n or_o else_o in_o default_n thereof_o he_o must_v bind_v himself_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o that_o note_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o it_o be_v but_o just_a and_o reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o have_v lose_v my_o specialty_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v make_v it_o good_a to_o i_o by_o some_o other_o mean_v equivalent_a thereunto_o but_o in_o case_n the_o party_n that_o thus_o lose_v the_o bill_n do_v refuse_v to_o give_v such_o a_o note_n under_o his_o hand_n and_o seal_v than_o he_o who_o present_v the_o bill_n to_o be_v accept_v or_o that_o leave_v the_o bill_n with_o he_o must_v present_o cause_n protest_v thereupon_o to_o be_v make_v in_o due_a form_n and_o must_v send_v the_o protest_v away_o by_o the_o first_o post_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n make_v demand_n of_o the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n though_o he_o have_v neither_o note_n nor_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o in_o default_n of_o payment_n he_o must_v cause_v a_o second_o protest_v to_o be_v make_v and_o send_v it_o away_o as_o the_o former_a but_o in_o case_n there_o be_v such_o a_o note_n make_v and_o at_o or_o before_o the_o time_n limit_v for_o payment_n thereof_o the_o second_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v not_o come_v to_o hand_n you_o must_v go_v receive_v the_o money_n upon_o that_o note_n according_a to_o the_o content_n thereof_o and_o in_o default_n of_o payment_n you_o must_v cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o that_o note_n for_o nonpayment_n as_o if_o you_o have_v the_o accept_a bill_n or_o that_o the_o second_o bill_n be_v come_v to_o hand_n but_o not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n bill_n endorse_v in_o blank_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o one_o beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o one_o within-land_n in_o the_o country_n and_o he_o subscribe_v only_o his_o name_n on_o the_o backsidet_fw-la hereof_o leave_v a_o empty_a place_n above_o his_o name_n and_o do_v so_o send_v it_o to_o a_o merchant_n or_o friend_n to_o get_v it_o accept_v and_o to_o receive_v the_o money_n at_o the_o time_n therein_o limit_v of_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v the_o same_o be_v sufficient_a warrant_n for_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v send_v to_o get_v it_o accept_v and_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o money_n according_o and_o in_o this_o case_n when_o the_o party_n that_o have_v the_o bill_n shall_v go_v for_o the_o money_n when_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a he_o may_v either_o receive_v the_o money_n himself_o or_o send_v his_o man_n for_o it_o if_o he_o go_v himself_o he_o may_v either_o write_v a_o assignment_n in_o the_o empty_a place_n above_o the_o name_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o so_o make_v it_o payable_a to_o himself_o and_o then_o when_o he_o shall_v have_v receive_v the_o money_n he_o must_v make_v a_o receipt_n for_o the_o same_o underneath_o the_o assignment_n in_o his_o own_o name_n in_o ordinary_a manner_n for_o so_o much_o money_n receive_v or_o else_o he_o may_v forbear_v make_v a_o assignment_n in_o the_o empty_a place_n to_o himself_o and_o instead_o thereof_o he_o may_v in_o the_o same_o empty_a place_n above_o the_o name_n make_v a_o receipt_n as_o if_o the_o money_n have_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a and_o that_o set_v his_o name_n thereunto_o in_o blank_a and_o if_o he_o send_v his_o man_n with_o the_o bill_n to_o receive_v the_o money_n the_o man_n may_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o money_n either_o deliver_v up_o the_o bill_n as_o it_o be_v without_o write_v any_o thing_n upon_o it_o or_o else_o he_o may_v as_o before_o fill_v up_o the_o empty_a place_n with_o a_o assignment_n payable_a to_o his_o master_n and_o then_o make_v a_o receipt_n underneath_o for_o so_o much_o money_n receive_v in_o full_a of_o that_o bill_n for_o his_o master_n use_n govern_v himself_o therein_o according_a as_o the_o party_n that_o shall_v pay_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v direct_v for_o either_o way_n be_v good_a and_o warrantable_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n use_v in_o england_n accept_v for_o account_n of_o drawer_n if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v subscribe_v or_o draw_v by_o abraham_n f._n on_o benjamin_n g._n for_o the_o account_n of_o charles_n h._n and_o it_o so_o happen_v that_o benjamin_n g._n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v direct_v will_v not_o accept_v the_o bill_n for_o account_n of_o charles_n h._n as_o it_o be_v draw_v but_o will_v willing_o accept_v it_o for_o the_o account_n of_o abraham_n f._n be_v a_o special_a friend_n to_o benjamin_n g._n on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v and_o so_o this_o benjamin_n g._n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o suffer_v the_o bill_n to_o go_v back_o by_o protest_v for_o non-acceptance_n and_o therefore_o he_o desire_v to_o accept_v it_o for_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n and_o for_o his_o account_n in_o this_o case_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n benjamin_n g._n may_v so_o accept_v the_o same_o but_o before_o he_o do_v accept_v the_o bill_n he_o must_v personal_o appear_v before_o a_o notary_n public_a and_o declare_v before_o he_o such_o his_o intent_n and_o the_o notary_n must_v make_v a_o act_n thereof_o in_o due_a form_n to_o be_v send_v away_o by_o benjamin_n g._n to_o abraham_n f_o that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v speedy_a advice_n thereof_o and_o the_o act_n be_v enter_v than_o he_o may_v accept_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n and_o for_o his_o account_n and_o when_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a he_o must_v cause_v a_o like_a act_n to_o be_v make_v for_o payment_n before_o he_o pay_v the_o bill_n declare_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o bill_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n and_o for_o his_o account_n but_o not_o for_o account_v of_o charles_n h._n for_o who_o account_n it_o be_v draw_v and_o thus_o benjamin_n g._n give_v honour_n to_o the_o bill_n although_o he_o do_v it_o for_o another_o account_n than_o for_o which_o it_o be_v draw_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o merchant_n general_o observe_v abraham_n f._n be_v bind_v to_o make_v the_o same_o good_a again_o unto_o benjamin_n g._n with_o exchange_n re-exchange_n and_o cost_v but_o benjamin_n g._n must_v be_v sure_a to_o make_v such_o his_o declaration_n before_o he_o do_v accept_v the_o bill_n or_o any_o way_n engage_v or_o oblige_v himself_o thereunto_o for_o otherwise_o if_o he_o shall_v first_o accept_v it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o at_o any_o time_n afterward_o to_o alter_v the_o property_n thereof_o and_o charge_v it_o for_o account_n of_o the_o drawer_n at_o the_o acceptor_n pleasure_n the_o drawer_n abraham_n f._n might_n be_v much_o prejudice_v as_o in_o reference_n to_o charles_n h._n by_o who_o order_n it_o may_v be_v and_o for_o who_o account_n abraham_n f._n draw_v the_o same_o bill_n bill_n pay_v upon_o protest_v if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v upon_o a_o merchant_n or_o any_o other_o here_o in_o london_n and_o he_o refuse_v to_o pay_v it_o or_o have_v not_o money_n ready_a to_o make_v present_a payment_n at_o the_o day_n and_o thereupon_o protest_v be_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n and_o another_o merchant_n or_o friend_n to_o the_o drawer_n have_v notice_n thereof_o do_v appear_v and_o declare_v before_o a_o notary_n public_a that_o he_o will_v pay_v it_o for_o honour_n of_o the_o drawer_n upon_o protest_n and_o according_o do_v pay_v the_o same_o and_o cause_v a_o act_n to_o be_v
merchant_n and_o so_o his_o credit_n may_v not_o suffer_v through_o any_o dilemma_n or_o demur_n in_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v of_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o letter_n as_o for_o the_o plain_a meaning_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o merchant_n himself_o to_o be_v responsible_a for_o the_o same_o that_o the_o merchant_n do_v mention_n or_o recite_v something_o or_o other_o particular_o which_o have_v happen_v in_o some_o former_a affair_n or_o deal_n or_o which_o be_v yet_o depend_v between_o they_o or_o at_o least_o the_o date_n of_o his_o last_o letter_n now_o in_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n he_o that_o write_v it_o make_v use_v of_o his_o credit_n for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o concern_v in_o his_o way_n of_o trade_n and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o his_o letter_n of_o credit_n to_o make_v he_o liable_a to_o repay_v what_o shall_v be_v so_o furnish_v but_o in_o the_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n he_o who_o write_v the_o letter_n do_v it_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o money_n himself_o or_o to_o be_v employ_v for_o his_o own_o use_n but_o for_o the_o use_n and_o accommodation_n of_o some_o other_o man_n at_o who_o request_n he_o be_v willing_a and_o do_v write_v his_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o ordinary_a for_o he_o at_o who_o entreaty_n the_o letter_n be_v write_v at_o the_o writing_n and_o upon_o receipt_n thereof_o to_o give_v good_a security_n by_o bond_n or_o otherwise_o to_o the_o merchant_n that_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o repayment_n to_o he_o his_o executor_n or_o assign_v of_o all_o such_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v receive_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o credit_n for_o the_o merchant_n by_o his_o letter_n stand_v sufficient_o bind_v to_o his_o correspondent_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o he_o for_o who_o the_o letter_n be_v grant_v shall_v give_v as_o it_o be_v his_o counterbond_n for_o repayment_n the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v for_o monies_n take_v up_o by_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v run_v in_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o several_a towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o treatise_n as_o for_o the_o form_n of_o the_o general_n letter_n of_o credit_n in_o regard_n each_o man_n know_v best_a his_o own_o occasion_n induce_v he_o thereunto_o whereof_o the_o letter_n must_v chief_o consist_v i_o shall_v wave_v it_o and_o only_o set_v down_o the_o form_n of_o a_o particular_a letter_n of_o credit_n which_o may_v be_v as_o follow_v laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o london_n this_o 29._o of_o february_n 1654._o mr._n william_n m._n sir_n my_o last_o to_o you_o be_v of_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n wherein_o i_o write_v you_o what_o needful_a in_o answer_n to_o you_o of_o the_o 7_o of_o the_o same_o month_n this_o serve_v chief_o to_o desire_v you_o to_o furnish_v and_o pay_v to_o mr._n john_n g._n english_a gentleman_n to_o the_o value_n of_o two_o thousand_o crown_n at_o one_o or_o more_o time_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n and_o desire_v the_o same_o of_o you_o take_v his_o receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o money_n which_o you_o shall_v so_o furnish_v he_o with_o and_o put_v it_o to_o my_o account_n and_o this_o my_o letter_n of_o credit_n shall_v be_v your_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o so_o do_v vale._n you_o thomas_n p._n to_o mr._n william_n m._n merchant_n at_o paris_n such_o a_o letter_n as_o this_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v open_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o but_o then_o the_o merchant_n that_o write_v this_o letter_n of_o credit_n do_v usual_o give_v notice_n thereof_o in_o or_o by_o his_o next_o letter_n which_o he_o shall_v write_v to_o his_o friend_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v who_o have_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o take_v receipt_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o must_v send_v they_o back_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o give_v the_o letter_n of_o credit_n for_o he_o to_o demand_v payment_n thereupon_o of_o those_o that_o of_o right_n shall_v appertain_v according_a to_o reason_n put_v bill_n in_o letter-case_n or_o almanac_n in_o regard_n bill_n of_o exchange_n though_o of_o great_a concern_v be_v ordinary_o write_v upon_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n about_o 3_o or_o four_o finger_n broad_a by_o reason_n of_o which_o they_o be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v lose_v especial_o if_o you_o carry_v they_o loose_v about_o you_o therefore_o i_o will_v advise_v you_o for_o prevention_n to_o keep_v a_o letter-case_n or_o which_o be_v better_o a_o pocket-almanack_n or_o small_a pocket_n paper-book_n with_o clasp_n and_o put_v your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n therein_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v clean_a and_o whole_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o be_v lose_v how_o to_o bring_v french_a crown_n into_o sterling_a mony_n if_o you_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n send_v you_o from_o france_n the_o money_n to_o be_v receive_v in_o london_n and_o your_o bill_n be_v remit_v to_o pay_v so_o many_o crown_n at_o such_o or_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o know_v how_o much_o you_o must_v receive_v here_o in_o sterling_a money_n you_o must_v first_o bring_v your_o french_a crown_n into_o penny_n sterling_a at_o the_o price_n or_o rate_n set_v down_o in_o your_o bill_n and_o then_o bring_v your_o penny_n into_o pound_n and_o you_o have_v your_o desire_n as_o for_o example_n if_o your_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o pay_v 250_o crown_n at_o 56¼_n d._n per_fw-la crown_n first_o multiply_v the_o 250_o crown_n by_o 56_o d._n this_o make_v 14000_o penny_n whereunto_o add_v for_o the_o ¼_n 62½_n penny_n because_o 62½_n be_v the_o ¼_n part_n of_o 250_o and_o it_o will_v make_v 14062½_n sterling_a and_o divide_v the_o 14062_o by_o 240_o d._n because_o 240_o d._n make_v a_o pound_n sterling_a and_o it_o will_v produce_v 58_o pound_n sterling_a and_o there_o will_v remain_v 142_o penny_n which_o divide_v by_o 12_o d._n will_v make_v 11_o shilling_n and_o there_o will_v remain_v 10_o d._n then_o add_v the_o ½_n d._n remain_v of_o your_o multiplication_n and_o the_o total_a be_v 58_o 11_o 10½_n as_o for_o example_n thus_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n you_o may_v reduce_v ducat_n dollar_n and_o piece_n of_o eight_o into_o sterling_a money_n when_o you_o know_v how_o many_o penny_n sterling_a the_o ducat_n dollar_n or_o piece_n of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o for_o the_o exchange_n thereof_o but_o because_o this_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o art_n of_o arithmetic_n whereof_o divers_a able_a man_n have_v already_o publish_v several_a treatise_n in_o french_a and_o dutch_a and_o also_o in_o english_a some_z whereof_z have_v come_v to_o my_o hand_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o proceed_v any_o further_a herein_o it_o suffice_v that_o what_o i_o have_v in_o this_o treatise_n declare_v be_v warrantable_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o enough_o to_o guide_v any_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o what_o have_v ever_o hitherto_o be_v publish_v by_o any_o which_o i_o will_v aver_v and_o justify_v direction_n concern_v the_o two_o ensue_a table_n the_o first_o table_n be_v for_o any_o year_n except_o leap-year_n the_o second_o table_n be_v for_o leap-year_n only_o which_o happen_v every_o four_o year_n as_o namely_o anno_fw-la 1700_o 1704_o 1708_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o either_o of_o these_o table_n i_o have_v put_v the_o new_a style_n or_o the_o roman_a account_n of_o the_o day_n in_o the_o year_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v ten_o day_n before_o our_o english_a account_n and_o i_o have_v place_v the_o english_a account_n or_o old_a style_n in_o the_o second_o column_n and_o so_o again_o the_o new_a style_n in_o the_o three_o column_n and_o our_o english_a style_n in_o the_o four_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o the_o left-hand_a to_o the_o right_n every_o odd_a column_n which_o have_v the_o month_n name_v at_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v the_o new_a style_n account_n and_o every_o second_o or_o even_a column_n which_o have_v not_o the_o month_n write_v at_o the_o top_n be_v the_o old_a style_n account_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v because_o the_o month_n begin_v just_a ten_o day_n after_o they_o be_v begin_v by_o the_o new_a account_n and_o in_o both_o these_o table_n i_o have_v exact_o count_v day_n for_o day_n and_o set_v they_o side_n by_o side_n upon_o a_o equal_a and_o strait_a line_n from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n from_o new_a style_n to_o old_a style_n for_o every_o day_n in_o the_o year_n leap-year_n contain_v 366_o day_n and_o the_o ordinary_a year_n 365_o day_n each_o style_n agree_v with_o the_o
full_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v how_o much_o money_n a_o prince_n may_v convenient_o lay_v up_o without_o the_o hurt_n of_o his_o subject_n 12._o last_o in_o all_o thing_n we_o must_v endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o most_o we_o can_v of_o our_o own_o whether_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o people_n which_o live_v by_o the_o art_n be_v far_o more_o in_o number_n than_o they_o who_o be_v master_n of_o the_o fruit_n we_o ought_v the_o more_o careful_o to_o maintain_v those_o endeavour_n of_o the_o multitude_n in_o who_o do_v consist_v the_o great_a strength_n and_o riches_n both_o of_o king_n and_o kingdom_n for_o where_o the_o people_n be_v many_o and_o the_o art_n good_a there_o the_o traffic_n must_v be_v great_a and_o the_o country_n rich_a the_o italian_n employ_v a_o great_z number_n of_o people_n and_o get_v more_o money_n by_o their_o industry_n and_o manufacture_n of_o the_o raw_a silk_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cilicia_n than_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o his_o subject_n have_v by_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o rich_a commodity_n but_o what_o need_v we_o fetch_v the_o example_n so_o far_o when_o we_o know_v that_o our_o own_o natural_a ware_n do_v not_o yield_v we_o so_o much_o profit_n as_o our_o industry_n for_o iron-oar_n in_o the_o mine_n be_v of_o no_o great_a worth_n when_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o employment_n and_o advantage_n it_o yield_v be_v dig_v try_v transport_v buy_v sell_v cast_v into_o ordnance_n musket_n and_o many_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n for_o offence_n and_o defence_n wrought_v into_o anchor_n bolt_n spikes_n nail_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o use_n of_o ship_n house_n cart_n coach_n plough_n and_o other_o instrument_n for_o tillage_n compare_v our_o fleece-wools_a with_o our_o cloth_n which_o require_v shear_v wash_v card_v spin_v weave_a full_a die_a dress_n and_o other_o trimings_z and_o we_o shall_v find_v these_o art_n more_o profitable_a than_o the_o natural_a wealth_n whereof_o i_o may_v instance_n other_o example_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v more_o tedious_a for_o if_o i_o will_v amplify_v upon_o this_o and_o the_o other_o particular_n before-written_a i_o may_v find_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o large_a volume_n but_o my_o desire_n in_o all_o be_v only_o to_o prove_v what_o i_o propound_v with_o brevity_n and_o plainness_n chap._n iu._n the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v a_o mean_n to_o increase_v our_o treasure_n this_o position_n be_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n that_o it_o will_v require_v many_o and_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v it_o before_o it_o can_v be_v accept_v of_o the_o multitude_n who_o bitter_o exclaim_v when_o they_o see_v any_o money_n carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n affirm_v thereupon_o that_o we_o have_v absolute_o lose_v so_o much_o treasure_n and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o act_n direct_o against_o the_o long_a continue_a law_n make_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o many_o place_n nay_o spain_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o money_n forbid_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o some_o case_n only_o except_v to_o all_o which_o i_o may_v answer_v that_o venice_n florence_n genova_n the_o low_a country_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n permit_v it_o their_o people_n applaud_v it_o and_o find_v great_a benefit_n by_o it_o but_o all_o this_o make_v a_o noise_n and_o prove_v nothing_o we_o must_v therefore_o come_v to_o those_o reason_n which_o concern_v the_o business_n in_o question_n first_o i_o will_v take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o no_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v deny_v that_o we_o have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o get_v treasure_n but_o by_o foreign_a trade_n for_o mine_n we_o have_v none_o which_o do_v afford_v it_o and_o how_o this_o money_n be_v get_v in_o the_o manage_n of_o our_o say_a trade_n i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o make_v our_o commodity_n which_o be_v export_v yearly_o to_o overbalance_n in_o value_n the_o foreign_a ware_n which_o we_o consume_v so_o that_o it_o rest_v only_o to_o show_v how_o our_o money_n may_v be_v add_v to_o our_o commodity_n and_o be_v joint_o export_v may_v so_o much_o the_o more_o increase_v our_o treasure_n we_o have_v already_o suppose_v our_o yearly_a consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n to_o be_v for_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n and_o our_o exportation_n to_o exceed_v that_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o sum_n we_o have_v thereupon_o affirm_v be_v bring_v to_o we_o in_o treasure_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n but_o now_o if_o we_o add_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n more_o in_o ready_a money_n unto_o our_o former_a exportation_n in_o ware_n what_o profit_n can_v we_o have_v will_n some_o man_n say_v although_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o shall_v bring_v in_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n more_o than_o we_o do_v before_o see_v that_o we_o have_v carry_v out_o the_o like_a value_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o when_o we_o have_v prepare_v our_o exportation_n of_o ware_n and_o set_v out_o as_o much_o of_o every_o thing_n as_o we_o can_v spare_v or_o vent_v abroad_o mony_n money_n beget_v trade_n and_o trade_n increasee_v mony_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o say_v that_o then_o we_o shall_v add_v our_o money_n thereunto_o to_o fetch_v in_o the_o more_o money_n immediate_o but_o rather_o first_o to_o enlarge_v our_o trade_n by_o enable_v we_o to_o bring_v in_o more_o foreign_a ware_n which_o be_v send_v out_o again_o will_v in_o due_a time_n much_o increase_v our_o treasure_n for_o although_o in_o this_o manner_n we_o do_v yearly_o multiply_v our_o importation_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o more_o ship_n and_o mariner_n improvement_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n and_o other_o benefit_n yet_o our_o consumption_n of_o those_o foreign_a ware_n be_v no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v before_o so_o that_o all_o the_o say_a increase_n of_o commodity_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o our_o ready_a money_n send_v out_o as_o be_v afore_o write_v do_v in_o the_o end_n become_v a_o exportation_n unto_o we_o of_o a_o far_o great_a value_n than_o our_o say_a money_n be_v which_o be_v prove_v by_o three_o several_a example_n follow_v 1._o for_o i_o suppose_v that_o 100000_o l._n be_v send_v in_o our_o ship_n to_o the_o east_n country_n will_v buy_v there_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n clear_v aboard_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v after_o bring_v into_o england_n and_o house_v to_o export_v the_o same_o at_o the_o best_a time_n for_o vent_v thereof_o in_o spain_n or_o italy_n it_o can_v yield_v less_o in_o those_o part_n than_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n to_o make_v the_o merchant_n but_o a_o saviour_n yet_o by_o this_o reckon_n we_o see_v the_o kingdom_n have_v double_v that_o treasure_n commonwealth_n remote_a trade_n be_v most_o gainful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n 2._o again_o this_o profit_n will_v be_v far_o great_a when_o we_o trade_n thus_o in_o remote_a country_n as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o send_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n into_o the_o east_n indies_n to_o buy_v pepper_n there_o and_o bring_v it_o hither_o and_o from_o hence_o send_v it_o for_o italy_n or_o turkey_n it_o must_v yield_v seven_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n at_o least_o in_o those_o place_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o excessive_a charge_n which_o the_o merchant_n disburse_v in_o those_o long_a voyage_n in_o ship_n wage_n victual_n insurance_n interest_n custom_n impost_n and_o the_o like_a all_o which_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n get_v 3._o but_o where_o the_o voyage_n be_v short_a and_o the_o ware_n rich_a which_o therefore_o will_v not_o employ_v much_o ship_n the_o profit_n will_v be_v far_o less_o as_o when_o another_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n shall_v be_v employ_v in_o turkey_n in_o raw_a silk_n and_o bring_v hither_o to_o be_v after_o transport_v from_o hence_o into_o france_n the_o low_a country_n or_o germany_n the_o merchant_n shall_v have_v good_a gain_n although_o he_o sell_v it_o there_o but_o for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o thus_o take_v the_o voyage_n altogether_o in_o their_o medium_fw-la the_o money_n export_v will_v be_v return_v unto_o we_o more_o than_o treble_v but_o if_o any_o man_n will_v yet_o object_v that_o these_o return_n come_v to_o we_o in_o ware_n and_o not_o real_o in_o money_n as_o they_o be_v issue_v out_o the_o answer_n be_v keep_v our_o first_o ground_n that_o if_o our_o consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n be_v no_o more_o yearly_a than_o be_v already_o suppose_a and_o that_o our_o exportation_n be_v so_o mighty_o increase_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o trade_n with_o ready_a money_n as_o
our_o human_a action_n ought_v especial_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o their_o end_n thus_o may_v we_o plain_o see_v that_o when_o this_o weighty_a business_n be_v due_o consider_v in_o its_o end_n as_o all_o our_o humane_a action_n ought_v well_o to_o be_v weigh_v it_o be_v find_v much_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o most_o man_n esteem_v thereof_o because_o they_o search_v no_o further_o than_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o work_n which_o missinform_v their_o judgement_n and_o lead_v they_o into_o error_n for_o if_o we_o behold_v the_o action_n of_o the_o husbandman_n in_o the_o seedtime_n when_o he_o cast_v away_o much_o good_a corn_n into_o the_o ground_n we_o will_v rather_o account_v he_o a_o madman_n than_o a_o husbandman_n but_o when_o we_o consider_v his_o labour_n in_o the_o harvest_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o his_o endeavour_n we_o find_v the_o worth_a and_o plentiful_a increase_n of_o his_o action_n chap._n v._o foreign_a trade_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o improve_v the_o price_n of_o our_o land_n it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n that_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v all_o thing_n dear_a or_o good_a or_o cheap_a and_o this_o money_n be_v either_o get_v or_o lose_v in_o foreign_a trade_n by_o the_o over_o or_o underballance_v of_o the_o same_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v it_o rest_v now_o that_o i_o distinguish_v the_o seem_a plenty_n of_o money_n from_o that_o which_o be_v only_o substantial_a and_o able_a to_o perform_v the_o work_n for_o there_o be_v divers_a way_n and_o mean_n whereby_o to_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n into_o a_o kingdom_n which_o do_v not_o enrich_v but_o rather_o empoverish_v the_o same_o by_o the_o several_a inconvenience_n which_o ever_o accompany_v such_o alteration_n as_o first_o if_o we_o melt_v down_o our_o plate_n into_o coin_n which_o suit_v not_o with_o the_o majesty_n of_o so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n except_o in_o case_n of_o great_a extremity_n it_o will_v cause_v plenty_n of_o money_n for_o a_o time_n yet_o shall_v we_o be_v nothing_o the_o rich_a but_o rather_o this_o treasure_n be_v thus_o alter_v be_v make_v the_o more_o apt_a to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n if_o we_o exceed_v our_o mean_n by_o excess_n in_o foreign_a ware_n or_o maintain_v a_o war_n by_o sea_n or_o land_n where_o we_o do_v not_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o soldier_n and_o supply_v the_o army_n with_o our_o own_o native_a provision_n by_o which_o disorder_v our_o treasure_n will_v soon_o be_v exhaust_v again_o if_o we_o think_v to_o bring_v in_o store_n of_o money_n by_o suffer_v foreign_a coin_n to_o pass_v current_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o intrinsic_a value_n compare_v with_o our_o standard_n or_o by_o debase_v or_o enhance_a our_o own_o money_n all_o these_o have_v their_o several_a inconvenience_n and_o difficulty_n which_o hereafter_o i_o will_v declare_v but_o admit_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v plenty_n of_o money_n may_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n yet_o shall_v we_o be_v nothing_o the_o rich_a neither_o can_v such_o treasure_n so_o get_v long_o remain_v with_o we_o for_o if_o the_o stranger_n or_o the_o english_a merchant_n bring_v in_o this_o money_n it_o must_v be_v do_v upon_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n either_o for_o ware_n carry_v out_o already_o or_o after_o to_o be_v export_v which_o help_v we_o nothing_o except_o the_o evil_a occasion_n of_o excess_n or_o war_n afore-named_n be_v remove_v which_o do_v exhaust_v our_o treasure_n for_o otherwise_o what_o one_o man_n bring_v for_o gain_n another_o man_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o carry_v out_o for_o necessity_n because_o there_o shall_v ever_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o balance_v our_o account_n with_o stranger_n although_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o loss_n upon_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o money_n and_o confiscation_n also_o if_o it_o be_v intercept_v by_o the_o law_n own_o how_o we_o must_v get_v treasure_n to_o make_v it_o our_o own_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o business_n be_v brief_o thus_o that_o as_o the_o treasure_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n be_v that_o money_n which_o only_o do_v abide_v with_o we_o and_o by_o which_o we_o be_v enrich_v so_o by_o this_o plenty_n of_o money_n thus_o get_v and_o no_o otherwise_o do_v our_o land_n improve_v for_o when_o the_o merchant_n have_v a_o good_a dispatch_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o his_o cloth_n and_o other_o ware_n he_o do_v present_o return_v to_o buy_v up_o the_o great_a quantity_n which_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o our_o wool_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o consequent_o do_v improve_v the_o landlord_n rent_n as_o the_o lease_n expire_v daily_o and_o also_o by_o this_o mean_v money_n be_v gain_v and_o bring_v more_o abundant_o into_o the_o kingdom_n it_o do_v enable_v many_o man_n to_o buy_v land_n which_o will_v make_v they_o the_o dear_a but_o if_o our_o foreign_a trade_n come_v to_o a_o stop_n or_o declination_n by_o neglect_n at_o home_n or_o injury_n abroad_o whereby_o the_o merchant_n be_v impoverish_v and_o thereby_o the_o ware_n of_o the_o realm_n less_o issue_v then_o do_v all_o the_o say_a benefit_n cease_v and_o our_o land_n fall_v of_o price_n daily_o chap._n vi_o the_o spanish_a treasure_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o other_o kingdom_n by_o any_o prohibition_n make_v in_o spain_n all_o the_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o discover_v in_o the_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a value_n as_o those_o of_o the_o west-indies_n which_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o thereby_o be_v enable_v not_o only_o to_o keep_v in_o subjection_n many_o goodly_a state_n and_o province_n in_o italy_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o otherwise_o will_v soon_o fall_v from_o his_o obeisance_n but_o also_o by_o a_o continual_a war_n take_v his_o advantage_n do_v still_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n ambitious_o aim_v at_o a_o monarchy_n by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o money_n which_o be_v the_o very_a sinew_n of_o his_o strength_n that_o lie_v so_o far_o disperse_v into_o so_o many_o country_n yet_o hereby_o unite_v and_o his_o want_v supply_v both_o for_o war_n and_o peace_n in_o a_o plentiful_a manner_n from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o christendom_n which_o be_v therefore_o partaker_n of_o his_o treasure_n by_o a_o necessity_n of_o commerce_n wherein_o the_o spanish_a policy_n have_v ever_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v all_o other_o nation_n the_o most_o it_o can_v east-indies_n the_o policy_n and_o benefit_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o trade_n to_o the_o east-indies_n for_o find_v spain_n to_o be_v poor_a and_o barren_a to_o supply_v itself_o and_o the_o west-indies_n with_o those_o variety_n of_o foreign_a ware_n whereof_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n they_o know_v well_o that_o when_o their_o native_a commodity_n come_v short_a to_o this_o purpose_n their_o money_n must_v serve_v to_o make_v up_o the_o reckon_n whereupon_o they_o find_v a_o incredible_a advantage_n to_o add_v the_o traffic_n of_o the_o east-indies_n to_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o west_n for_o the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o first_o they_o store_v themselves_o infinite_o with_o rich_a ware_n to_o barter_n with_o all_o the_o part_n of_o christendom_n for_o their_o commodity_n and_o so_o furnish_v their_o own_o necessity_n prevent_v other_o for_o carry_v away_o their_o money_n which_o in_o point_n of_o state_n they_o hold_v less_o dangerous_a to_o impart_v to_o the_o remote_a indian_n than_o to_o their_o neighbour_n prince_n lest_o it_o shall_v too_o much_o enable_v they_o to_o resist_v if_o not_o offend_v their_o enemy_n and_o this_o spanish_a policy_n against_o other_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a be_v do_v likewise_o so_o much_o to_o their_o own_o advantage_n for_o every_o ryal_n of_o eight_o which_o they_o send_v to_o the_o east-indies_n bring_v home_o so_o much_o ware_n as_o save_v they_o the_o disburse_n of_o five_o rial_n of_o eight_o here_o in_o europe_n at_o least_o to_o their_o neighbour_n especial_o in_o those_o time_n when_o that_o trade_n be_v only_o in_o their_o hand_n but_o now_o this_o great_a profit_n be_v fail_v and_o the_o mischief_n remove_v by_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o other_o which_o partake_v in_o those_o east-india_n trade_n as_o ample_a as_o the_o spanish_a subject_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v consider_v that_o beside_o the_o disability_n of_o the_o spaniard_n by_o their_o native_a commodity_n to_o provide_v foreign_a ware_n for_o their_o necessity_n whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o supply_v the_o want_n with_o money_n they_o have_v likewise_o that_o canker_n of_o war_n which_o do_v infinite_o exhaust_v their_o treasure_n and_o disperse_v it_o into_o christendom_n even_o to_o their_o enemy_n part_n by_o reprisal_n but_o especial_o through_o a_o necessary_a maintenance_n of_o
leave_v no_o objection_n unanswered_a if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o a_o statute_n comprehend_v the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o the_o stranger_n must_v needs_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n what_o shall_v we_o get_v by_o this_o if_o it_o hinder_v the_o come_n in_o of_o money_n by_o the_o decay_n of_o that_o ample_a trade_n which_o we_o enjoy_v in_o the_o freedom_n thereof_o be_v not_o the_o remedy_n far_o worse_o than_o the_o disease_n shall_v we_o not_o live_v more_o like_a irishman_n than_o englishmen_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n our_o merchant_n mariner_n ship_n art_n land_n riches_n and_o all_o decay_n together_o with_o our_o trade_n yea_o but_o say_v some_o man_n we_o have_v better_a hope_n than_o so_o for_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o as_o all_o the_o foreign_a ware_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o shall_v be_v employ_v in_o our_o commodity_n thereby_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n so_o we_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o send_v out_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o our_o own_o ware_n over_o and_o above_o to_o bring_v in_o the_o value_n thereof_o in_o ready_a mony_n although_o this_o be_v absolute_o deny_v by_o the_o reason_n afore-written_a yet_o now_o we_o will_v grant_v it_o because_o we_o desire_v to_o end_v the_o dispute_n for_o if_o this_o be_v true_a that_o other_o natition_n vent_v more_o of_o our_o commodite_n than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o in_o value_n than_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o overplus_n must_v necessary_o return_v unto_o we_o in_o treasure_n without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v therefore_o not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o hurtful_a as_o some_o other_o like_o restriction_n be_v find_v to_o be_v when_o they_o be_v full_o discover_v chap._n xi_o it_o will_v not_o increase_v our_o treasure_n to_o enjoin_v the_o merchant_n that_o export_v fish_n corn_n or_o munition_n to_o return_v all_o or_o part_n of_o the_o value_n in_o mony_n victual_n and_o munition_n for_o war_n be_v so_o precious_a in_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o either_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o restrain_v the_o exportation_n altogether_o or_o if_o the_o plenty_n permit_v it_o to_o require_v the_o return_n thereof_o in_o so_o much_o treasure_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o without_o difficulty_n because_o spain_n and_o other_o country_n do_v willing_o part_v with_o their_o money_n for_o such_o ware_n although_o in_o other_o occasion_n of_o trade_n they_o straight_o prohibit_v the_o exportation_n thereof_o all_o which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o notwithstanding_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n which_o in_o course_n of_o trade_n force_v treasure_n into_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o therefore_o make_v it_o we_o for_o this_o can_v be_v do_v only_o by_o a_o lawful_a gain_n and_o this_o gain_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v accomplish_v but_o by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o our_o trade_n and_o this_o overbalance_n be_v make_v less_o by_o restriction_n trade_n some_o restriction_n hinder_v trade_n therefore_o such_o restriction_n do_v hinder_v the_o increase_n of_o our_o treasure_n the_o argument_n be_v plain_a and_o needs_o no_o other_o reason_n to_o strengthen_v it_o except_o any_o man_n be_v so_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o restriction_n will_v not_o cause_v the_o less_o ware_n to_o be_v export_v but_o if_o this_o likewise_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o to_o enjoin_v the_o merchant_n to_o bring_v in_o money_n for_o victual_n and_o munition_n carry_v out_o will_v not_o cause_v we_o to_o have_v one_o penny_n the_o more_o in_o the_o kingdom_n at_o the_o year_n end_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v force_v in_o one_o way_n must_v out_o again_o in_o another_o way_n because_o only_o so_o much_o will_v remain_v and_o abide_v with_o we_o as_o be_v gain_v and_o incorporate_v into_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n this_o may_v be_v make_v plain_a by_o a_o example_n take_v from_o a_o englishman_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o buy_v and_o consume_v the_o ware_n of_o divers_a of_o stranger_n for_o the_o value_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n he_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o say_a stranger_n and_o present_o force_v all_o the_o money_n from_o they_o there_o remain_v only_o four_o hundred_o pound_n to_o the_o say_v englishman_n for_o overbalance_n of_o the_o ware_n buy_v and_o sell_v so_o the_o rest_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v be_v return_v back_o from_o whence_o he_o force_v it_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o whatsoever_o course_n we_o take_v to_o force_v money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o much_o only_o will_v remain_v with_o we_o as_o we_o shall_v gain_v by_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n chap._n xii_o the_o vndervalue_v of_o our_o money_n which_o be_v deliver_v or_o receive_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n can_v decrease_v our_o treasure_n the_o merchant_n exchange_n by_o bill_n be_v a_o mean_n and_o practice_n whereby_o they_o that_o have_v money_n in_o one_o country_n may_v deliver_v the_o same_o to_o receive_v that_o again_o in_o another_o country_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o rate_n agree_v upon_o whereby_o the_o lender_n and_o the_o borrower_n be_v accommodate_v without_o transport_v of_o treasure_n from_o state_n to_o state_n these_o exchange_n thus_o make_v between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o contract_v at_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a weight_n and_o fineness_n first_o because_o he_o that_o deliver_v his_o money_n do_v respect_v the_o venture_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o the_o time_n of_o forbearance_n but_o that_o which_o cause_v a_o under_o or_o overvalue_a of_o money_n by_o exchange_n be_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n thereof_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o example_n when_o here_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o amsterdam_n then_o shall_v our_o money_n be_v undervalved_n in_o exchange_n because_o they_o who_o take_v up_o the_o money_n see_v it_o so_o plentiful_o thrust_v upon_o they_o do_v thereby_o make_v advantage_n to_o themselves_o in_o take_v the_o same_o at_o a_o undervalue_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o here_o be_v scarcity_n of_o money_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o amsterdam_n the_o deliverer_n will_v make_v the_o same_o advantage_n by_o overvalue_a our_o money_n which_o he_o deliver_v dear_a plenty_n of_o money_n make_v the_o exchange_n cheap_a and_o all_o other_o thing_n dear_a and_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o as_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v make_v all_o good_a thing_n dear_a or_o cheap_a so_o in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n it_o have_v ever_o a_o contrary_n work_v wherefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o set_v down_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n as_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o so_o the_o over_o or_o underballance_n of_o our_o trade_n do_v effectual_o cause_v the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o here_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n be_v either_o general_n or_o particular_a the_o general_n be_v when_o all_o our_o yearly_a traffic_n be_v joint_o value_v as_o i_o have_v former_o show_v the_o particular_a be_v when_o our_o trade_n to_o italy_n france_n turkey_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n be_v several_o consider_v and_o by_o this_o latter_a course_n we_o shall_v perfect_o find_v out_o the_o place_n where_o our_o money_n be_v under_o or_o overvalue_v in_o exchange_n for_o although_o our_o general_a exportation_n of_o ware_n may_v be_v yearly_o more_o in_o value_n than_o that_o which_o be_v import_v whereby_o the_o difference_n be_v make_v good_a to_o we_o in_o so_o much_o treasure_n nevertheless_o the_o particular_a trade_n do_v work_v diverse_o for_o peradventure_o the_o low-countries_n may_v bring_v we_o more_o in_o value_n than_o we_o sell_v they_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o then_o do_v the_o low-country_n merchant_n not_o only_o carry_v away_o our_o treasure_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n between_o we_o but_o also_o by_o this_o mean_v money_n be_v plentiful_a here_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n low_o what_o kind_n of_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v the_o exchange_n high_a or_o low_o it_o be_v therefore_o undervalue_v by_o the_o taker_n as_o i_o have_v before_o declare_v and_o contrary_a wise_a if_o we_o carry_v more_o ware_n to_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n than_o we_o consume_v of_o they_o then_o do_v we_o bring_v away_o their_o treasure_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n we_o overvalue_v our_o own_o mony_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v some_o who_o will_v seem_v to_o make_v this_o plain_a by_o demonstration_n that_o the_o under-valuing_a of_o our_o money_n by_o exchange_n do_v carry_v it_o out_o
of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o say_v they_o we_o see_v daily_o great_a store_n of_o our_o english_a coin_n carry_v over_o which_o pass_v current_a in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o there_o be_v great_a advantage_n to_o carry_v they_o thither_o to_o save_v the_o loss_n which_o the_o low-country-man_n have_v in_o the_o exchange_n for_o if_o one_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a deliver_v here_o be_v so_o much_o undervalue_v that_o ninety_o pound_n of_o the_o same_o sterling_a money_n carry_v over_o in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v repayment_n and_o full_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o say_v hundred_o pound_n at_o amsterdam_n be_v it_o not_o then_o say_v they_o the_o undervalue_v of_o our_o money_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o will_v make_v a_o full_a and_o plain_a answer_n show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o undervalue_a of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n but_o the_o overbalancing_a of_o our_o trade_n that_o carry_v away_o our_o treasure_n for_o suppose_v that_o our_o whole_a trade_n with_o the_o low-countries_n for_o ware_n bring_v into_o this_o realm_n be_v perform_v only_o by_o the_o dutch_a for_o the_o value_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a and_o that_o all_o our_o commodity_n transport_v into_o the_o say_a low-countries_n be_v perform_v only_o by_o the_o english_a for_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a be_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_a that_o the_o dutch_a can_v exchange_v only_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n with_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o respective_a standard_n so_o the_o other_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o overbalance_n of_o the_o trade_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n carry_v that_o away_o in_o mony_n and_o the_o selfsame_a loss_n of_o treasure_n must_v happen_v if_o there_o be_v no_o exchange_n at_o all_o permit_v for_o the_o dutch_a carry_v away_o our_o money_n for_o their_o ware_n and_o we_o bring_v in_o their_o foreign_a coin_n for_o their_o commodity_n there_o will_v be_v still_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n loss_n now_o let_v we_o add_v another_o example_n ground_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a proportion_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low-countries_n the_o dutch_a as_o afore_o write_v may_v exchange_v with_o the_o english_a for_o 400000_o pound_n and_o no_o more_o upon_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o money_n because_o the_o english_a have_v no_o further_o mean_n to_o satisfy_v but_o now_o suppose_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o in_o this_o case_n will_v be_v here_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o dutch_a to_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n gain_n the_o vndervalue_v of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o stranger_n loss_n and_o our_o gain_n our_o money_n according_a to_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o say_v will_v be_v undervalved_n ten_o per_fw-la cent._n then_o be_v it_o manifest_a that_o the_o dutch_a must_v deliver_v four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n to_o have_v the_o englishman_n four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o the_o low-countries_n so_o that_o there_o will_v then_o remain_v but_o 60000_o pound_n for_o the_o dutch_a to_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o balance_v the_o account_n between_o they_o and_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o undervalue_v of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n will_v not_o carry_v it_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v but_o rather_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v a_o less_o quantity_n thereof_o to_o be_v export_v than_o will_v be_v do_v at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari._fw-la further_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o english_a merchant_z carried_z out_o as_o much_o ware_n in_o value_n as_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n bring_v in_o whereby_o the_o mean_n be_v equal_a between_o they_o to_o make_v their_o return_n by_o exchange_n without_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o money_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o either_o state_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n for_o his_o occasion_n or_o advantage_n will_v forsake_v this_o course_n of_o exchange_n and_o will_v venture_v to_o send_v part_n of_o he_o return_v in_o ready_a mony_n to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o hereupon_o it_o must_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o dutch_a shall_v want_v just_a so_o much_o mean_n in_o exchange_n with_o the_o english_a who_o therefore_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o like_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o dutch_a carry_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o the_o money_n which_o be_v carry_v from_o we_o within_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o trade_n be_v not_o considerable_a for_o they_o do_v return_v to_o we_o again_o and_o we_o lose_v those_o money_n only_o which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o overbalance_n of_o our_o general_a trade_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o which_o we_o spend_v more_o in_o value_n in_o foreign_a ware_n than_o we_o utter_v of_o our_o own_o commodity_n and_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n by_o which_o we_o get_v our_o treasure_n trade_n 1._o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n 2._o free_a trade_n 3._o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 4._o the_o centre_n of_o trade_n in_o vain_a therefore_o have_v gerard_n malines_n labour_v so_o long_o and_o in_o so_o many_o print_a book_n to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o the_o under-valuing_a of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v exhaust_v our_o treasure_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n of_o the_o cause_n attribute_v that_o to_o a_o secondary_a mean_n who_o effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o another_o principal_a efficient_a and_o will_v also_o come_v to_o pass_v although_o the_o say_v secondary_a mean_n be_v not_o at_o all_o as_o vain_o also_o have_v he_o propound_v a_o remedy_n by_o keep_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la by_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v a_o new-found_a office_n without_o example_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o also_o hurtful_a as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o chap._n xiii_o the_o merchant_n who_o be_v a_o mere_a exchanger_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n can_v increase_v or_o decrease_v our_o treasure_n there_o be_v certain_a merchant_n which_o deal_v only_o upon_o all_o advantage_n in_o the_o exchange_n and_o neither_o export_n nor_o import_n ware_n into_o the_o kingdom_n which_o have_v cause_v some_o man_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o money_n which_o such_o mere_a exchanger_n bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n for_o say_v they_o sometime_o when_o our_o sterling_a money_n have_v be_v undervalue_v and_o deliver_v here_o for_o amsterdam_n at_o 10_o per_fw-la cent._n less_o than_o the_o equal_a value_n of_o the_o respective_a standard_n the_o say_v mere_a exchanger_n may_v take_v here_o one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o carry_v over_o only_o nine_o hundred_o thereof_o in_o specie_fw-la which_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o so_o upon_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a sum_n the_o like_a gain_n be_v make_v in_o three_o month_n time_n but_o here_o we_o must_v know_v that_o although_o this_o mere_a exchanger_n deal_v not_o in_o ware_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o money_n which_o he_o carry_v away_o in_o manner_n afore-written_a must_v necessary_o proceed_v of_o such_o ware_n as_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o merchant_n so_o that_o still_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o balance_n of_o our_o foreign_a trade_n and_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o merchant_n himself_o have_v carry_v away_o that_o money_n which_o he_o must_v do_v if_o our_o ware_n be_v overbalance_v as_o ever_o they_o be_v when_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v which_o be_v express_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o 12_o chapter_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o mere_a exchanger_n by_o the_o say_a advantage_n shall_v bring_v money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n he_o do_v no_o more_o than_o necessary_o must_v be_v do_v by_o the_o merchant_n himself_o when_o our_o commodity_n overbalance_n foreign_a ware_n but_o in_o these_o occasion_n some_o merchant_n have_v rather_o lose_v by_o deliver_v their_o money_n at_o a_o undervalue_n in_o exchange_n than_o undertake_v to_o hazard_v all_o by_o the_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o these_o mere_a exchanger_n will_v perform_v for_o they_o in_o hope_n of_o gain_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o admirable_a feat_n suppose_v to_o be_v do_v by_o banker_n and_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n although_o i_o have_v already_o write_v something_o concern_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o therein_o of_o the_o uunder-valuation_n of_o our_o money_n
it_o do_v also_o make_v our_o other_o trade_n much_o great_a than_o they_o be_v for_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o ten_o thousand_o bag_n of_o pepper_n which_o this_o year_n we_o have_v bring_v hither_o from_o the_o east-indies_n shall_v be_v value_v at_o very_a near_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n whereas_o all_o this_o pepper_n in_o the_o kindom_n account_n cost_v not_o above_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n because_o the_o indian_n have_v have_v no_o more_o of_o we_o although_o we_o pay_v they_o extraordinary_a dear_a price_n for_o the_o same_o all_o the_o other_o charge_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o be_v but_o a_o change_n of_o effect_n among_o ourselves_o and_o from_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n which_o can_v impoverish_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o it_o be_v true_a that_o whereas_o nine_o thousand_o bag_n of_o the_o say_a pepper_n be_v already_o ship_v out_o for_o divers_a foreign_a part_n these_o and_o all_o other_o ware_n foreign_a or_o domestic_a which_o be_v thus_o transport_v outward_o aught_o to_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o rate_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom-mony_n multiply_v by_o twenty_o or_o rather_o by_o twenty_o five_o as_o i_o conceive_v which_o will_v come_v near_o the_o reckon_v when_o we_o consider_v all_o our_o trade_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o medium_fw-la 3_o lie_n we_o must_v remember_v that_o all_o ware_n export_v or_o import_v by_o stranger_n in_o their_o ship_n be_v esteem_v by_o themselves_o for_o what_o they_o carry_v out_o the_o kingdom_n have_v only_o the_o first_o cost_n and_o custom_n and_o what_o they_o bring_v in_o we_o must_v rate_v it_o as_o it_o be_v worth_a here_o the_o custom_n impost_n and_o petty_a charge_n only_o deduct_v last_o there_o must_v be_v good_a notice_n take_v of_o all_o the_o great_a loss_n which_o we_o receive_v at_o sea_n in_o our_o ship_n either_o outward_a or_o homeward_o bind_v for_o the_o value_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v deduct_v from_o our_o exportation_n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o our_o importation_n for_o to_o lose_v and_o to_o consume_v do_v produce_v one_o and_o the_o same_o reckon_a likewise_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o his_o majesty_n do_v make_v over_o any_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n to_o maintain_v a_o foreign_a war_n where_o we_o do_v not_o feed_v and_o clothe_v the_o soldier_n and_o provide_v the_o army_n we_o must_v deduct_v all_o this_o charge_n out_o of_o our_o exportation_n or_o add_v it_o to_o our_o importation_n for_o this_o expense_n do_v either_o carry_v out_o or_o hinder_v the_o come_n in_o of_o so_o much_o treasure_n and_o here_o we_o must_v remember_v the_o great_a collection_n of_o money_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v throughout_o the_o realm_n yearly_a from_o our_o recusant_n by_o priest_n and_o jesuit_n who_o secret_o convey_v the_o sâ—me_n unto_o their_o college_n cloister_n and_o nunnery_n beyond_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o never_o return_v to_o we_o again_o in_o any_o kind_n pernicious_a two_o contrary_n which_o be_v both_o pernicious_a therefore_o if_o this_o mischief_n can_v be_v prevent_v yet_o it_o must_v be_v esteem_v and_o set_v down_o as_o a_o clear_a loss_n to_o the_o kingdom_n except_o to_o balance_n this_o we_o will_v imagine_v that_o as_o great_a a_o value_n may_v perhaps_o come_v in_o from_o foreign_a prince_n to_o their_o pensioner_n here_o for_o favour_n or_o intelligence_n which_o some_o state_n account_v good_a policy_n to_o purchase_v with_o great_a liberality_n the_o receipt_n whereof_o notwithstanding_o be_v plain_a treachery_n there_o be_v â—et_o some_o other_o petty_a thing_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v reference_n to_o this_o balance_n of_o which_o the_o say_a officer_n of_o his_o majesty_n custom_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o account_n as_o namely_o the_o expense_n of_o traveller_n the_o gift_n to_o ambassador_n and_o stranger_n the_o fraud_n of_o some_o rich_a good_n not_o enter_v into_o the_o customhouse_n the_o gain_n which_o be_v make_v here_o by_o stranger_n by_o change_n and_o re-change_n interest_n of_o money_n insurance_n upon_o englishman_n good_n and_o their_o life_n which_o can_v be_v little_a when_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o live_n here_o be_v deduct_v beside_o that_o the_o very_a like_o advantage_n be_v as_o ample_o minister_v unto_o the_o english_a in_o foreign_a country_n which_o do_v counterpoise_v all_o these_o thing_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o considerable_a in_o the_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o say_a balance_n chap._n xxi_o the_o conclusion_n upon_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o exportation_n or_o importation_n of_o treasure_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v speak_v concern_v the_o enrich_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o our_o treasure_n by_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n be_v brief_o thus_o that_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n in_o our_o foreign_a trade_n in_o those_o place_n where_o our_o commodity_n export_v be_v overbalance_v in_o value_n by_o foreign_a ware_n bring_v into_o this_o realm_n there_o our_o money_n be_v undervalved_n in_o exchange_n and_o where_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v perform_v there_o our_o money_n be_v overvalue_v in_o exchange_n and_o where_o the_o contrary_a of_o this_o be_v perform_v there_o our_o money_n be_v overvalue_v but_o let_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n be_v at_o a_o high_a rate_n or_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n or_o at_o the_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o put_v down_o altogether_o let_v foreign_a prince_n enhance_v their_o coin_n or_o debase_v their_o standard_n and_o let_v his_o majesty_n do_v the_o like_a or_o keep_v they_o constant_a as_o they_o now_o stand_v let_v foreign_a coin_n pass_v current_a here_o in_o all_o payment_n at_o high_a rate_n than_o they_o be_v worth_a at_o the_o mint_n let_v the_o statute_n for_o employment_n by_o stranger_n stand_v in_o force_n or_o be_v repeal_v let_v the_o mere_a exchanger_n do_v his_o worth_n let_v prince_n oppress_v lawyer_n extort_v usurer_n bite_v prodigal_n waste_v and_o last_o let_v merchant_n carry_v out_o what_o money_n they_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o use_v in_o traffic_n yet_o all_o these_o action_n can_v work_v no_o other_o effect_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n than_o be_v declare_v in_o this_o discourse_n for_o so_o much_o treasure_n only_o will_v be_v bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o foreign_a trade_n do_v over_o or_o underballance_n in_o value_n and_o this_o must_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o a_o necessity_n beyond_o all_o resistance_n so_o that_o all_o other_o course_n which_o tend_v not_o to_o this_o end_n howsoever_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o force_v money_n into_o a_o kingdom_n for_o a_o time_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o the_o end_n not_o only_o fruitless_a but_o also_o hurtful_a they_o be_v like_a to_o violent_a flood_n which_o bear_v down_o their_o bank_n and_o sudden_o remain_v dry_a again_o for_o want_v of_o water_n behold_v then_o the_o true_a form_n and_o worth_n of_o foreign_a trade_n which_o be_v the_o great_a revenue_n of_o the_o king_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o noble_a profession_n of_o the_o merchant_n the_o school_n of_o our_o art_n the_o supply_n of_o our_o want_n the_o employment_n of_o our_o poor_a the_o improvement_n of_o our_o land_n the_o nursery_n of_o our_o mariner_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o mean_n of_o our_o treasure_n the_o sinew_n of_o our_o war_n the_o terror_n of_o out_o enemy_n for_o all_o which_o great_a and_o weighty_a reason_n do_v so_o many_o well_o govern_v state_n high_o countenance_v the_o profession_n and_o careful_o cherish_v the_o action_n not_o only_o with_o policy_n to_o increase_v it_o but_o also_o with_o power_n to_o protect_v it_o from_o all_o foreign_a injury_n because_o they_o know_v it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o reason_n of_o state_n to_o maintain_v and_o defend_v that_o which_o do_v support_v they_o and_o their_o estate_n finis_fw-la these_o book_n follow_v be_v sell_v by_o tho._n horn_n at_o the_o south_n entrance_n of_o the_o royal-exchange_n london_n hvdibrass_n complete_a in_o 3._o part_n the_o author_n samuel_n butler_n 8_o vo_z lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la complete_a with_o all_o the_o book_n of_o merchant_n account_n fol._n boyer_n french_a dictionary_n 4_o to_z idem_fw-la in_o 8_o vo_z toriano_n italian_a dictionary_n fol._n oldham_n poem_n complete_a 8_o vo_z the_o perfect_a method_n of_o merchant_n account_n by_o john_n collins_n fol._n plutarch_n life_n in_o 5_o vol_n 8_o vo_z by_o several_a hand_n moral_n in_o 5_o vol._n 8_o vo_z grand_fw-fr cyrus_n in_o 10._o vol._n a_o romance_n 12_o o._n archbishop_n tillotson_n work_n fol._n pool_n annotation_n on_o the_o bible_n 2_o vol._n fol._n the_o work_n of_o sr._n william_n davenant_n fol._n dampiers_n travel_n in_o 2_o vol._n 8_o vo_z letter_n write_v by_o a_o turkish_a spy_n in_o 8_o vol._n 12_o o._n charon_n of_o wisdom_n in_o 2_o vol._n 8_o vo_z bp._n burnet_n history_n of_o reformation_n 2_o vol._n fol._n exposition_n on_o the_o 39_o article_n fol._n anatomy_n of_o a_o horse_n fol._n sr._n john_n chardin_n travel_n into_o persia_n fol._n history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o syam_n fol._n coal_n dictionary_n english_a and_o latin_a 8_o vo_z cambden_n britannia_n fol._n montaign'_v essay_n '_o be_v 3_o vol._n 8_o vo_z aesop_n fable_n by_o sr._n roger_n l'estrange_n fol._n idem_fw-la by_o dr._n w._n pope_n 8_o vo_z baker_n chronicle_n of_o england_n fol._n lord_n bacon_n essay_n be_v 8_o vo_z misson_n travel_n in_o 2_o vol._n 8_o vo_z hales_n contemplation_n 8_o vo_z lock_v on_o human_a understanding_n fol._n wing_n art_n of_o survey_a land_n fol._n sturmy_n mariner_n magazine_n fol._n history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n fol._n wiseman_n chirurgery_n fol._n dr._n scot_n christian_n life_n all_o the_o part_n complete_a 8_o vo_z english_a gardner_n 4_o to_z lasselâ—'s_n travel_n into_o italy_n 8vo_fw-la dafforn'_v english_a merchant_n companion_n 4_o to_z evelyn_n of_o medal_n fol._n dryden_n translation_n of_o virgil_n fol._n book_n of_o rate_n of_o the_o custom_n 12_o o._n horneck_n crucify_a jesus_n 8_o vo_z great_a law_n of_o consideration_n best_a exercise_n systema_fw-la agriculturae_fw-la fol._n complete_a gardner_n 8_o vo_z charnock'_v work_v 2_o vol._n fol._n tailor_n be_v life_n of_o christ_n fol._n case_n of_o conscience_n fol._n the_o work_v of_o ben._n johnson_n fol._n life_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n by_o diogenes_n laertius_n 2_o vol._n 8_o vo_z gage_n survey_v of_o the_o west-indies_n 8_o vo_z buccaneer_n of_o america_n 8_o vo_z history_n of_o don_n quixot_n in_o 2_o vol._n 8_o vo_z bible_n in_o italian_a by_o diodati_n fol._n sr._n william_n temple_n work_v 8_o vo_z common-prayer_n in_o italian_a 12o_n gordon'_v geographical_a grammar_n 8_o vo_z playford_n sing_v psalm_n 8_o vo_z boyle_n seraphic_a love_n 8_o vo_z also_o bibles_n and_o common-prayer_n book_n in_o all_o volume_n and_o sea_n chart_n likewise_o bill_n of_o lade_n in_o english_a italian_a spanish_a portugese_n dutch_a and_o french_a and_o set_v of_o book_n for_o a_o merchant_n compting-house_n of_o the_o best_a paper_n and_o bind_v
hereof_o in_o frankfort_n and_o heidelberg_n with_o which_o it_o be_v find_v to_o accord_v lipsick_a measure_n of_o lipsick_a lipsick_a have_v two_o measure_n one_o for_o woollen_a and_o the_o other_o for_o linen_n 14_o per_fw-la cent_n difference_n for_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n do_v make_v in_o woollen_a commodity_n 100_o ell_n and_o in_o linen_n 140_o ells._n lipsick_a account_n and_o exchange_n of_o lipsick_a the_o merchant_n here_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o 32_o gross_a and_o the_o gross_a be_v 12_o heller_n but_o they_o exchange_v by_o florin_n of_o breslow_n 30_o to_o have_v posito_fw-la in_o noremberg_n 32_o florin_n and_o in_o vienna_n 34_o florin_n chap._n cxcviii_o of_o wittenberg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o wittenburgh_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o wittenberg_n be_v seat_v on_o a_o plain_a sandy_a ground_n account_v a_o university_n wherein_o they_o proverbial_o say_v a_o man_n shall_v meet_v nothing_o but_o whore_n scholar_n and_o swine_n which_o show_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v little_a trade_n as_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o the_o student_n and_o peradventure_o by_o the_o flesh_n of_o swine_n and_o woman_n but_o by_o what_o weight_n and_o measure_n the_o same_o be_v propertion_v to_o they_o i_o be_o to_o seek_v therefore_o refer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o next_o merchant_n that_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v his_o observation_n thereupon_o chap._n cxcix_o of_o dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o saxony_n dresden_n and_o the_o trade_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o strong_o fortify_v in_o which_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n keep_v his_o court_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o magnificent_a stable_n and_o armoury_n which_o the_o duke_n keep_v here_o in_o a_o continual_a readiness_n the_o river_n elve_n divide_v the_o town_n into_o two_o part_n the_o new_a and_o the_o old_a which_o be_v very_o strong_a both_o by_o art_n and_o nature_n and_o account_v the_o strong_a modern_a city_n in_o germany_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o trade_n and_o the_o river_n do_v much_o further_a their_o endeavour_n but_o nature_n afford_v they_o a_o rich_a soil_n take_v away_o much_o of_o their_o edge_n for_o it_o be_v ever_o find_v that_o the_o barren_a soil_n afford_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o great_a encouragement_n their_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v saxony_n weight_n of_o saxony_n dresden_n mizzen_n and_o all_o saxony_n be_v find_v to_o have_v three_o weight_n and_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o london_n make_v of_o zigostatica_fw-la or_o the_o prince_n weight_n 96_o l._n of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 92_o l._n of_o merchonts_n weight_n of_o 16_o ounce_n and_o 144_o l._n of_o the_o common_a weight_n of_o 12_o ounce_n saxony_n measure_n of_o saxony_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v two_o agree_v with_o lipsick_a abovementioned_a on_o which_o i_o need_v not_o further_o insist_v brunswick_n brunswick_n brunswick_n be_v the_o eighteen_o province_n wherein_o be_v brunswick_n the_o principal_a city_n second_o wolfiabolt_n where_o the_o duke_n common_o reside_v three_o alberstade_n than_o lunenberg_n and_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n chap._n cc._o of_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o brunswick_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o brunswick_n comprehend_v in_o one_o five_o several_a city_n and_o be_v a_o free_a imperial_a town_n strong_o fortify_v in_o some_o place_n with_o two_o and_o in_o other_o with_o three_o wall_n and_o encompass_v with_o the_o river_n anchor_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v find_v addict_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o morning_n but_o their_o intemperance_n at_o night_n take_v away_o all_o thought_n thereof_o they_o be_v great_a husbandman_n the_o earth_n answer_v their_o labour_n which_o yield_v they_o plenty_n of_o corn_n both_o for_o their_o own_o and_o their_o neighbour_n want_v the_o earth_n yield_v they_o rich_a reward_n to_o their_o labour_n and_o their_o afternoon_n hour_n spend_v in_o good-fellowship_n make_v i_o imagine_v there_o may_v be_v some_o trade_n among_o they_o which_o in_o particular_a i_o permit_v the_o reader_n in_o silence_n to_o conceive_v chap._n cci_o of_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lunenburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lunenburg_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n over_o which_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n challenge_v a_o superiority_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v fair_o build_v of_o bâ—ick_n and_o well_o and_o strong_o fortify_v for_o its_o safeguard_v and_o defence_n with_o deep_a ditch_n and_o thick_a mud_n wall_n lunenbur_n salt_n fountain_n in_o lunenbur_n it_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o the_o natural_a fountain_n of_o salt_n here_o find_v over_o which_o be_v build_v a_o spacious_a house_n that_o contain_v fifty_o two_o room_n and_o every_o room_n have_v eight_o several_a cauldron_n of_o lead_n wherein_o be_v boil_v eight_o tun_n of_o salt_n daily_o the_o profit_n whereof_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o several_a part_n one_o part_n to_o the_o city_n one_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o another_o to_o a_o monastery_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v earl_n their_o trade_n be_v not_o otherwise_o of_o very_o great_a consequence_n hassia_n hassia_n the_o nineteenth_o province_n be_v hassia_n wherein_o be_v find_v the_o city_n of_o dormstade_n marburg_n a_o university_n and_o some_o other_o veteravia_n veteravia_n veteravia_n be_v the_o twenty_o province_n wherein_o be_v the_o city_n of_o friburg_n hanau_n dullinburg_n nassau_n catzenbogen_n and_o some_o other_o of_o lesser_a note_n chap._n ccii_o of_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o friburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o friburg_n be_v of_o round_a form_n environ_v altogether_o with_o high_a mountain_n friburg_n silver_n mine_n of_o friburg_n have_v within_o it_o many_o vault_n and_o cave_n to_o go_v under_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o citizen_n go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n by_o night_n to_o work_v in_o the_o silver-mine_n find_v in_o those_o adjoin_a hill_n and_o at_o certain_a hour_n be_v call_v back_o by_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell_n their_o work_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o night_n and_o their_o rest_n be_v by_o day_n and_o their_o residence_n be_v note_v to_o be_v more_o under_o ground_n than_o above_o in_o their_o house_n the_o profit_v thereof_o belong_v half_a to_o the_o citizen_n and_o half_a to_o the_o elector_n to_o who_o the_o country_n appertain_v friburg_n weight_n of_o friburg_n the_o weight_n in_o use_n in_o friburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v three_o several_a quintar_n one_o of_o 100_o l._n another_o of_o 120_o l._n and_o a_o three_o of_o 132_o l._n agree_v with_o frankfort_n heidelberg_n and_o lipsick_a as_o before_o friburg_n measure_n of_o friburg_n the_o long_a measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o be_v inch_n london_n in_o this_o tract_n be_v also_o comprehend_v the_o three_o imperial_a city_n of_o stoad_n hamburgh_n and_o lâ—beck_n which_o acknowledge_v no_o sovereign_n be_v free_a and_o hans-town_n i_o shall_v here_o touch_v and_o first_o of_o stoad_n chap._n cciii_o of_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o stoad_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o stand_v be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o one_o of_o the_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o those_o sea-town_n which_o from_o the_o privilege_n of_o trassick_n with_o their_o neighbour_n be_v call_v hans-town_n it_o be_v commodious_o seat_v for_o traffic_n upon_o the_o river_n elve_n in_o which_o stream_n they_o maintain_v certain_a buoys_n to_o guide_v the_o enter_a ship_n the_o english_a merchant-adventurer_n have_v for_o a_o while_o their_o residence_n here_o force_v thereto_o by_o the_o discourteous_a usage_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n and_o before_o their_o arrival_n this_o town_n be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o sell_v the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n and_o some_o other_o such_o right_n to_o hamburgh_n by_o who_o company_n they_o grow_v rich_a not_o without_o the_o envy_n and_o impoverishment_n of_o the_o hamburgher_n who_o often_o attempt_v though_o in_o vain_a by_o naval_a force_n to_o forbid_v the_o arrival_n of_o the_o english_a at_o stoad_n who_o as_o they_o have_v grieve_v have_v their_o seat_n with_o they_o as_o well_o by_o exaction_n as_o prohibit_v they_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n so_o then_o have_v see_v and_o smart_v for_o their_o error_n they_o never_o leave_v till_o partly_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o partly_o by_o threat_n they_o labour_v their_o return_n which_o afterward_o be_v perform_v and_o where_o at_o this_o day_n they_o hold_v their_o principal_a court_n and_o residence_n the_o present_a trade_n of_o stoad_n be_v but_o small_a depend_v much_o upon_o the_o privilege_n they_o have_v in_o pre-emption_a and_o choice_a of_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n pass_v by_o their_o city_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o pound_n shilling_n and_o penny_n but_o they_o have_v grashes_n ortals_n and_o dollar_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o stoad_n coin_n of_o stoad_n
their_o coin_n current_a be_v these_o 1_o stiver_n of_o their_o money_n here_o and_o in_o hamburgh_n be_v 2_o penny_n 32_o stivers_n make_v a_o dollar_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n 4_o d._n there_o 4_o stivers_n which_o be_v 8_o d._n make_v a_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 6_o d._n sterling_n 1_o rix_n dollar_n be_v worth_a 33_o stivers_n and_o be_v 4_o s._n 4_o d._n sterling_n or_o more_o 1_o mark_n be_v 16_o stivers_n or_o 2_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n 7½_n mark_v make_v 20_o s._n i_o say_v 20_o s._n flemish_n stoad_n weight_n of_o stoad_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o 16_o ounce_n 100_o l._n be_v their_o quintar_n which_o have_v make_v in_o london_n 107_o and_o some_o have_v observe_v 109_o l._n stoad_n measure_n of_o stoad_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n as_o in_o hamburgh_n follow_v chap._n cciu_o of_o hamburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o hamburg_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o hamburg_n be_v a_o free_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o of_o they_o which_o enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o hans-town_n and_o for_o the_o building_n and_o populousness_n much_o to_o be_v praise_v the_o senate-house_n be_v a_o beautiful_a fabric_n and_o the_o exchange_n where_o merchant_n do_v meet_v together_o be_v likewise_o as_o pleasant_a the_o haven_n be_v guard_v and_o shut_v up_o with_o a_o iron_n chain_n the_o city_n itself_o compass_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n side_n with_o a_o double_a ditch_n and_o wall_n water_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o same_o from_o a_o hill_n distant_a some_o mile_n off_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o large_a plain_n and_o sandy_a soil_n and_o adorn_v with_o nine_o churcher_n and_o six_o gate_n on_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o river_n elve_n which_o also_o put_v a_o branch_n into_o the_o town_n but_o on_o the_o north-east_n the_o river_n alster_n run_v by_o towards_o stoad_n from_o which_o it_o be_v five_o mile_n distant_a and_o fall_v into_o the_o elve_n the_o street_n in_o general_n be_v narrow_a except_v one_o which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o broadstreet_n and_o their_o building_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n and_o all_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o house_n be_v in_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o as_o in_o all_o the_o other_o seabordering_a city_n lie_v from_o these_o part_n towards_o flanders_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n broad_a and_o fair_a gate_n into_o a_o large_a hall_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o on_o both_o side_n be_v use_v for_o a_o warehouse_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n lie_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o door_n their_o chief_a houshould-stuff_n be_v place_v and_o especial_o their_o vessel_n of_o english_a pewter_n which_o be_v keep_v bright_a make_v a_o glitter_a show_n to_o they_o that_o pass_v by_o so_o that_o their_o house_n promise_v more_o beauty_n outward_o than_o they_o have_v inward_o the_o present_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v great_a principal_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o some_o quantity_n of_o ship_v of_o reasonable_a burden_n be_v find_v belong_v to_o the_o citizen_n hamburg_n weight_n of_o hamburg_n the_o weight_n of_o hamburg_n be_v the_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v the_o 120_o pound_n their_o quintar_n divide_v into_o three_o denomination_n the_o first_o of_o 12_o stone_n of_o 10_o pound_n to_o the_o stone_n 300_o pound_n thereof_o to_o the_o skip_fw-mi pound_n which_o be_v the_o second_o and_o 20_o lispound_v of_o 15_o pound_n to_o the_o say_v 300_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o three_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v two_o quintar_n one_o of_o 120_o pound_n another_o of_o 300_o pound_n hamburg_n measure_n of_o hamburg_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n be_v a_o ell_n wherewith_o they_o measure_v both_o linen_n woollen_a and_o silk_n the_o 100_o whereof_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 48½_n else_o for_o linen_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v here_o about_o 162_o or_o 163_o yard_n agree_v with_o embden_n and_o bremâ—_n before_o mention_v hamburg_n exchange_n in_o hamburg_n the_o merchant_n here_o be_v find_v to_o exchange_v for_o london_n by_o the_o pound_n sterling_a and_o for_o all_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o rix_n dollar_n of_o 54_o s._n lapisto_n or_o 54_o stiver_n dollar_n dollar_n a_o dollar_n be_v here_o note_a to_o be_v worth_a three_o whitpence_n one_o whitpenny_a to_o be_v 18_o shilling_n one_o shilling_n to_o be_v 12_o penny_n and_o one_o penny_n two_o heller_n corn._n of_o corn._n corn_n be_v here_o measure_v by_o the_o schepel_n ninety_o make_v a_o last_o and_o 83_o schepel_v make_v a_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o amsterdam_n or_o 10_o quarter_n english_a chap._n ccv_o of_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lubeck_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o lubeck_n be_v a_o imperial_a and_o free_a city_n and_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v account_v hans-town_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o spacious_a hill_n upon_o the_o very_a crown_n whereof_o be_v a_o beautiful_a church_n from_o whence_o lead_v street_n to_o all_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n one_o of_o brick_n and_o narrow_a the_o other_o of_o earth_n and_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n there_o be_v also_o deep_a ditch_n where_o ship_n of_o a_o 1000_o tun_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o winter_n from_o tremuren_n the_o maritime_a port_n of_o this_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o this_o town_n the_o building_n hereof_o be_v very_o beautiful_a of_o brick_n have_v many_o pleasant_a walk_n without_o the_o wall_n the_o government_n of_o this_o town_n be_v much_o commend_v for_o their_o neatness_n pleasant_a garden_n courteous_a carriage_n to_o stranger_n civility_n of_o manner_n and_o strict_a execution_n of_o justice_n their_o water_n be_v convey_v hither_o by_o pipe_n and_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o cock_n of_o water_n in_o his_o own_o house_n also_o all_o the_o poor_a inhabitant_n be_v constrain_v to_o live_v in_o a_o street_n by_o themselves_o where_o they_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o provide_v for_o this_o city_n adorn_v with_o ten_o church_n one_o whereof_o be_v a_o decay_a monastery_n they_o have_v convert_v to_o a_o armoury_n of_o all_o ammunition_n for_o war_n s._n maries_n the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o seat_v as_o i_o say_v before_o on_o the_o very_a summit_n of_o this_o hill_n whereon_o the_o city_n stand_v famous_a beer_n of_o lubeck_n famous_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n at_o present_a be_v great_a partly_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodious_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o place_n of_o itself_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o beer_n make_v and_o hence_o transport_v into_o other_o region_n and_o by_o some_o use_v medicinal_o for_o bruise_n of_o the_o body_n and_o such_o like_a accident_n though_o by_o they_o in_o use_n common_o both_o for_o their_o ordinary_a drink_n and_o food_n and_o raiment_n lubeck_n weight_n of_o lubeck_n the_o common_a weight_n of_o lubeck_n be_v a_o pound_n of_o which_o be_v make_v a_o centiner_n and_o a_o skip-pound_n for_o 112_o pound_n be_v the_o centiner_n or_o quintar_n the_o stone_n 10_o pound_n and_o 32_o stone_n to_o the_o skip_fw-mi pound_n which_o be_v 320_o pound_n and_o the_o 20_o lispound_v of_o 16_o pound_n mark_n be_v also_o account_v for_o a_o skip-pound_n which_o be_v in_o london_n pound_n lubeck_n measure_n of_o lubeck_n the_o measure_n of_o length_n of_o lubeck_n be_v the_o ell_n 120_o ell_n whereof_o make_v in_o london_n 60_o ell_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n london_n have_v make_v here_o 160_o ell_n incirca_fw-la corn._n of_o corn._n in_o lubeck_n corn_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o last_o 96_o schepel_v make_v a_o last_o which_o be_v 10¼_n quarter_n of_o london_n and_o 85_o schepel_v be_v find_v to_o make_v a_o last_o in_o amsterdam_n last_v 7_o of_o 18_o barrel_n in_o lubeck_n be_v find_v to_o make_v 100_o sack_n of_o salt_n be_v 122_o small_a barrel_n for_o the_o 100_o sack_n at_o armuiden_n in_o zealand_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 7½_n last_v of_o 18_o barrel_n of_o salt_n in_o london_n but_o account_v by_o the_o weight_n in_o london_n to_o make_v 11½_n weigh_v and_o it_o be_v account_v 40_o bushel_n to_o a_o wey_n water_n measure_n of_o ten_o gallon_n beer_n of_o beer_n beer_n be_v here_o sell_v by_o the_o barrel_n which_o be_v 50_o stoop_v of_o antwerp_n and_o every_o stoop_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o hold_v about_o 7_o pint_n of_o beer_n measure_n in_o england_n which_o be_v about_o 44_o gallon_n chap._n ccvi_o of_o the_o coin_n current_a in_o
whatsoever_o lion_n account_n keep_v in_o lion_n and_o there_o likewise_o it_o be_v observe_v how_o the_o merchant_n exchanger_n do_v keep_v their_o account_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v in_o liver_n tournois_n sols_n and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o liver_n and_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v that_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o crown_n of_o exchange_n call_v crown_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v as_o the_o liver_n distinguish_v into_o sol_n and_o denier_n of_o gold_n account_v by_o 12_o and_o 20_o as_o the_o former_a this_o crown_n be_v account_v worth_a 3_o liver_n upon_o which_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o place_n be_v make_v and_o mark_v with_o crown_n liver_n sol_n and_o denier_n the_o question_n then_o upon_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o rome_n be_v thus_o 100_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o 3_o l._n be_v give_v in_o lion_n to_o have_v in_o rome_n 85_o crown_n of_o gold_n estampe_n or_o de_fw-fr camera_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o exchange_n pass_v i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 4520._o 12._o 6_o d._n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o estampe_n shall_v lion_n have_v at_o rome_n to_o know_v which_o you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o 85_o and_o from_o the_o product_n cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o must_v multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o make_v they_o denier_n which_o will_v come_v to_o be_v 3842._o 10._o 7_o of_o gold_n of_o estampe_n which_o lion_n ought_v to_o have_v in_o rome_n for_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o gold_n which_o this_o calculation_n follow_v make_v more_o apparent_a example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o same_o question_n propound_v where_o rome_n exchange_v at_o the_o same_o term_n with_o lion_n chap._n cccix_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o florence_n florence_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o florence_n limb_n exchange_v with_o florence_n and_o give_v 100_o crown_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n 954_o crown_n of_o gold_n more_o or_o less_o i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1324._o 15._o 0_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o crown_n of_o gold_n i_o shall_v have_v in_o florence_n to_o know_v which_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_v crown_n of_o gold_n by_o 95¾_n in_o cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o product_n as_o i_o do_v in_o the_o precedent_a account_n the_o which_o be_v to_o be_v multiply_v by_o 20_o and_o 12_o to_o make_v the_o same_o sol_n and_o denier_n and_o i_o find_v i_o must_v have_v in_o florence_n crown_n 1268._o 8._o 11_o of_o gold_n for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o in_o the_o follow_a example_n proof_n proof_n facit_fw-la crown_n 1268_o 8_o 11_o which_o shall_v appear_v when_o florence_n exchange_v with_o lion_n chap._n cccx_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o lucca_n lucca_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o lucca_n lion_n exchange_v with_o lucca_n and_o take_v crown_n 100_o to_o pay_v in_o lucca_n posito_fw-la 103â…™_n of_o liver_n 7½_n the_o crown_n i_o demand_v for_o crown_n 1234_o 5_o 6_o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o must_v i_o pay_v in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o lucca_n to_o know_v which_o i_o multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o crown_n 103â…™_n and_o from_o its_o product_n cut_v off_o the_o two_o last_o figure_n the_o which_o i_o multiply_v by_o 20_o to_o come_v to_o sols_n and_o then_o by_o 12_o to_o come_v to_o denier_n and_o it_o will_v make_v crown_n 1273_o 7_o 2_o which_o i_o must_v pay_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o lucca_n example_n mony_n payment_n make_v in_o mony_n note_v that_o if_o in_o lion_n it_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n there_o be_v one_o per_fw-la cent_n give_v more_o so_o that_o receive_v in_o the_o say_a place_n of_o lucca_n the_o say_a crown_n 1273_o 7_o 2_o in_o money_n of_o the_o say_a place_n the_o debtâ—…_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o pay_v more_o crown_n 12._o 14_o 8_o which_o be_v in_o all_o crown_n 1286_o 1_o 10_o as_o for_o example_n thus_o cast_v up_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o account_n when_o lucca_n do_v exchange_n with_o lion_n make_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o say_v if_o crown_n 103â…™_n give_v 100_o how_o many_o shall_v the_o abovesaid_a 1273_o 7_o 2_o d._n give_v which_o will_v be_v crown_n 1234_o 5_o 6._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n chap._n cccxi_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o naples_n naples_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o naples_n lion_n exchange_n with_o naples_n and_o give_v crown_n 100_o of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o that_o place_n duc._n 127½_n more_o or_o less_o of_o tarry_v 5_o per_fw-la ducat_n i_o will_v know_v for_o crown_n 2584._o 9_o 6._o of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n how_o much_o lion_n shall_v have_v credit_n for_o in_o naples_n the_o which_o to_o do_v you_o must_v multiply_v the_o say_a sum_n of_o crown_n by_o the_o say_a 127½_n duc._n cut_v the_o two_o last_o figure_n of_o the_o product_n the_o which_o must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 5_o to_o make_v they_o tarry_v and_o then_o by_o 20_o to_o make_v they_o grain_n because_o that_o the_o ducat_n be_v worth_a 5_o tarry_v and_o the_o tarry_v 20_o grain_n so_o that_o it_o will_v give_v in_o naples_n duc_n 3295_o tarry_v 1._o the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v appear_v in_o the_o exchange_n of_o naples_n with_o lion_n chap._n cccxii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o palermo_n or_o mesina_n mesina_n exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n lion_n exchange_v for_o palermo_n or_o messina_n and_o give_v 1_o crown_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v in_o the_o say_a place_n posito_fw-la 38_o carlin_n i_o will_v know_v for_o crown_n 4692._o 11._o 3._o of_o the_o sun_n how_o many_o ounce_n shall_v lion_n have_v credit_n in_o palermo_n or_o messina_n first_o multiply_v the_o say_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o say_v 38_o carlin_n the_o value_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o take_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o multiplication_n for_o part_n of_o 10_o because_o the_o carlin_n be_v worth_a 10_o grain_n and_o the_o product_n shall_v be_v carlins_n and_o grain_n to_o make_v the_o which_o ounce_n you_o must_v take_v â…™_n in_o cut_v the_o last_o figure_n because_o that_o 60_o carlin_n make_v a_o ounce_n and_o of_o that_o which_o rest_v cut_v off_o add_v with_o the_o last_o figure_n you_o must_v take_v ½_n to_o make_v tarry_v one_o whereof_o be_v 2_o carlin_n and_o 30_o worth_n one_o ounce_n and_o if_o you_o find_v a_o rest_n of_o the_o say_v tarry_v you_o must_v take_v ½_n which_o be_v 10_o grain_n because_o that_o one_o tarry_v be_v worth_a 10_o grain_n and_o ½_n of_o 20_o which_o be_v 10_o to_o the_o which_o must_v be_v add_v the_o rest_a grain_n if_o any_o be_v so_o that_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o carlins_n will_v make_v ounce_n 2189_o tar._n 25_o grain_n 17_o and_o so_o many_o ounce_n will_v palermo_n or_o messina_n give_v and_o over_o and_o above_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o ounce_n one_o carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n be_v give_v for_o to_o make_v it_o good_a money_n and_o to_o add_v the_o say_a carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n in_o the_o short_a way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o for_o the_o say_a ounce_n 2189_o be_v give_v the_o same_o sum_n of_o carlin_n for_o the_o laggio_fw-mi of_o the_o money_n as_o they_o term_v it_o which_o reduce_v into_o ounce_n cut_v the_o last_o figure_n and_o take_v â…™_n of_o the_o rest_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o will_v give_v ounce_n 36._o rest_v two_o 〈◊〉_d of_o carlins_n which_o be_v twenty_o to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v the_o last_o figure_n cut_v off_o and_o it_o will_v be_v 29_o carlin_n which_o be_v 14_o tarry_v and_o there_o will_v rest_v 1_o carlin_n which_o be_v 10_o grain_n to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v 8_o grain_n for_o 25_o tarry_v which_o be_v with_o the_o ounce_n see_v that_o for_o 3_o tarry_v come_v one_o grain_n for_o laggio_n of_o the_o say_a money_n and_o they_o will_v be_v ounce_n 2226._o 10._o 15._o and_o so_o much_o will_v the_o credit_n of_o lion_n be_v in_o palermo_n and_o because_o that_o the_o say_v carlin_n per_fw-la ounce_n come_v to_o 1â…“_n per_fw-la cent_n the_o account_n may_v be_v make_v in_o take_v 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la cent_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n of_o ounce_n and_o it_o will_v make_v the_o same_o sum_n as_o example_n proof_n proof_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o say_a account_n shall_v appear_v in_o the_o exchange_n of_o palermo_n and_o mesina_n back_o to_o lion_n chap._n cccxiii_o of_o the_o exchange_n of_o lion_n with_o genoa_n genoa_n exchange_n
nor_o less_o because_o usance_n be_v one_o month_n by_o denomination_n to_o be_v account_v next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n as_o i_o have_v very_o full_o show_v here_o before_o and_o there_o be_v not_o any_o month_n in_o the_o year_n which_o have_v in_o it_o above_o 31_o day_n now_o therefore_o upon_o a_o indifferent_a account_n fifteen_o day_n must_v be_v reckon_v for_o half_a usance_n because_o fifteen_o be_v the_o half_a of_o thirty_o and_o a_o day_n consist_v of_o 24_o hour_n can_v be_v subdivide_v from_o its_o proper_a denomination_n so_o that_o if_o you_o have_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n date_v the_o three_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n and_o payable_a in_o london_n at_o half_a usance_n and_o will_v know_v when_o this_o bill_n fall_v due_a you_o must_v first_o as_o before_o look_v to_o the_o date_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o three_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n be_v the_o 24_o of_o january_n old_a stile_n from_o whence_o count_v fifteen_o day_n forward_o or_o add_v fifteen_o day_n to_o the_o twenty_o four_o of_o january_n and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o will_v fall_v due_a the_o eight_o of_o february_n inclusive_a follow_v and_o in_o case_n you_o have_v a_o bill_n date_v the_o three_o of_o february_n new_a stile_n and_o payble_n at_o usance_n and_o half_a then_o count_v from_o the_o 24_o of_o january_n old_a stile_n to_o the_o 24_o of_o february_n old_a stile_n for_o the_o usance_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o 11_o of_o march_n inclusive_a except_o in_o leap-year_n be_v 15_o day_n or_o half_a usance_n on_o which_o 11_o day_n of_o march_n and_o with_o the_o same_o day_n the_o usance_n and_o half_n will_v expire_v and_o that_o be_v the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o usance_n and_o half_a which_o day_n must_v be_v full_o expire_v and_o pass_v before_o the_o money_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o before_o any_o protest_v can_v be_v legal_o make_v for_o nonpayment_n three_o day_n after_o due_a you_o be_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n that_o the_o day_n on_o which_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v fall_v due_a be_v always_o to_o be_v account_v as_o part_v of_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o include_v therein_o so_o that_o the_o day_n on_o which_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v fall_v due_a do_v belong_v to_o the_o party_n which_o be_v to_o make_v payment_n thereof_o as_o be_v part_n of_o his_o time_n as_o now_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a at_o thirty_o day_n sight_n and_o it_o be_v accept_v the_o five_o of_o february_n february_n have_v but_o 28_o day_n except_o in_o leap_v year_n you_o must_v reckon_v from_o the_o five_o of_o february_n to_o the_o six_o of_o february_n for_o one_o day_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o seven_o two_o day_n and_o so_o forward_o allow_v 24_o hour_n to_o a_o day_n it_o will_v fall_v due_a or_o the_o 30_o day_n sight_n will_v expire_v with_o the_o seven_o of_o march_n inclusive_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n with_o bill_n payable_a at_o usance_n double_a or_o treble_a usance_n or_o bill_n payable_a at_o a_o prefix_a day_n the_o full_a time_n of_o the_o usance_n or_o prefix_a day_n must_v be_v take_v inclusive_a as_o part_v of_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o three_o day_n next_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o that_o day_n be_v usual_o allow_v in_o london_n as_o well_o for_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a to_o procure_v payment_n thereof_o as_o for_o he_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v to_o pay_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v in_o france_n and_o that_o the_o french_a post_n shall_v happen_v to_o depart_v on_o the_o second_o day_n after_o it_o be_v due_a or_o that_o the_o three_o day_n be_v a_o sunday_n or_o no_o work_a day_n or_o day_n of_o public_a commerce_n and_o trade_n and_o in_o any_o of_o those_o case_n the_o money_n must_v be_v pay_v the_o second_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a or_o else_o protest_v must_v be_v then_o make_v for_o nonpayment_n that_o so_o lawful_a diligence_n may_v be_v use_v within_o the_o three_o day_n and_o advice_n thereof_o may_v be_v send_v away_o by_o the_o very_a first_o post_n after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a for_o although_o three_o day_n be_v usual_o allow_v after_o a_o bill_n be_v due_a yet_o it_o be_v with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a or_o of_o his_o correspondent_n or_o the_o drawer_n for_o if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v and_o the_o protest_v make_v within_o the_o three_o day_n next_o after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a and_o that_o there_o shall_v happen_v in_o the_o interim_n any_o misfortune_n to_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v none_o solvent_a or_o the_o like_a those_o in_o france_n concern_v therein_o will_v soon_o take_v advantage_n thereupon_o to_o avoid_v the_o repayment_n than_o they_o will_v do_v in_o the_o like_a kind_n who_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n in_o holland_n or_o other_o part_n who_o bill_n if_o not_o pay_v the_o second_o day_n after_o due_a and_o that_o the_o three_o day_n fall_v on_o a_o saturday_n they_o many_o time_n forbear_v to_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n until_o the_o monday_n follow_v however_o this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n namely_o that_o according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o london_n protest_v aught_o to_o be_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n within_o three_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a and_o the_o protest_v aught_o to_o be_v send_v away_o by_o the_o first_o post_n next_o after_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v expire_v be_v it_o for_o what_o part_n soever_o i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o that_o will_v not_o have_v sunday_n reckon_v for_o one_o of_o the_o three_o day_n after_o a_o bill_n fall_v due_a true_o i_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o not_o reckon_v sunday_n to_o be_v any_o of_o the_o thirty_o day_n sight_n or_o the_o like_a for_o my_o part_n though_o payment_n be_v not_o use_v to_o be_v make_v on_o sunday_n neither_o ought_v protest_v to_o be_v make_v on_o a_o sunday_n for_o nonpayment_n i_o can_v but_o reckon_v sunday_n among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o three_o day_n for_o i_o be_o sure_a if_o saturday_n be_v the_o second_o day_n after_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a than_o monday_n will_v be_v the_o four_o day_n after_o it_o be_v due_a sure_o bound_v sure_o find_v protest_v must_v be_v make_v though_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v but_o if_o protest_v for_o nonpayment_n be_v not_o make_v within_o the_o three_o day_n after_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n fall_v due_a and_o that_o through_o negligence_n or_o otherwise_o it_o be_v forbear_v four_o five_o six_o or_o more_o day_n after_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n yet_o nevertheless_o even_o then_o if_o it_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n must_v be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n i_o say_v although_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v because_o you_o can_v well_o take_v any_o course_n in_o law_n against_o the_o party_n which_o have_v accept_v the_o bill_n until_o you_o have_v make_v a_o legal_a demand_n of_o the_o money_n by_o a_o public_a notary_n neither_o be_v the_o party_n that_o draw_v the_o bill_n bind_v or_o liable_a according_a to_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o repay_v the_o money_n unto_o he_o of_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o value_n until_o such_o time_n as_o there_o do_v appear_v a_o protest_v make_v for_o nonpayment_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n who_o accept_v the_o bill_n or_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v have_v not_o pay_v the_o money_n upon_o that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o though_o a_o bill_n must_v be_v protest_v although_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v yet_o i_o will_v never_o counsel_v any_o body_n to_o omit_v protest_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o three_o day_n after_o it_o be_v due_a for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v before_o the_o three_o day_n be_v expire_v and_o the_o party_n which_o have_v accept_v it_o shall_v then_o happen_v to_o be_v non_fw-fr solvent_a as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v by_o the_o drawer_n or_o endorse_o that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a have_v prejudice_v they_o in_o neglect_v his_o diligence_n therein_o and_o the_o party_n that_o draw_v the_o bill_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v a_o french_a bill_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o bill_n make_v in_o france_n may_v happen_v to_o delay_v if_o not_o free_a the_o second_o payment_n thereof_o upon_o that_o account_n for_o although_o the_o drawer_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o deliverer_n until_o the_o bill_n be_v satisfy_v yet_o it_o
be_v with_o this_o proviso_n that_o protest_v be_v make_v in_o due_a time_n and_o lawful_a diligence_n use_v for_o receipt_n of_o the_o money_n by_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v payable_a according_a to_o his_o duty_n that_o so_o the_o drawer_n may_v not_o suffer_v through_o his_o neglect_n it_o be_v good_a to_o walk_v secure_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n at_o all_o in_o protest_v within_o the_o three_o day_n after_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v due_a but_o there_o may_v be_v danger_n in_o forbear_v to_o protest_v within_o that_o time_n wherefore_o my_o advice_n be_v let_v the_o party_n up_o on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v be_v never_o so_o good_a and_o able_a a_o man_n if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v within_o the_o time_n accustom_v cause_v the_o bill_n present_o to_o be_v protest_v for_o nonpayment_n bill_n payable_a at_o a_o prefix_a day_n a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n make_v at_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o dousual_o write_v new_a stile_n which_o be_v ten_o day_n before_o our_o english_a stile_n be_v old_a stile_n and_o such_o a_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a on_o such_o or_o such_o a_o day_n of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o month_n you_o must_v know_v in_o this_o case_n that_o you_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n but_o you_o be_v only_o to_o look_v to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n positive_o express_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o that_o very_a day_n of_o the_o month_n according_a to_o our_o stile_n here_o in_o england_n must_v be_v expire_v before_o the_o bill_n will_v be_v due_a and_o a_o bill_n so_o make_v payable_a be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v on_o such_o or_o such_o a_o day_n new_a stile_n except_o the_o same_o be_v so_o particular_o express_v but_o on_o such_o or_o such_o a_o day_n old_a stile_n according_a to_o the_o stile_n and_o usual_a computation_n observe_v at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v payable_a as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v payable_a in_o this_o manner_n follow_v laus_fw-la deo_fw-la in_o amsterdam_n the_o seven_o of_o february_n 1655._o for_o 200_o l._n sterling_a on_o the_o nine_o day_n of_o march_n next_o pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n robert_n w._n or_o his_o assign_v the_o sum_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o mr._n charles_n d._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_v as_o per_fw-la advice_n francis_n p._n to_o mr._n george_n h._n merchant_n in_o london_n p_o â—_o this_o bill_n of_o exchange_n will_v not_o be_v due_a until_o the_o nine_o day_n of_o march_n english_a stile_n and_o it_o can_v be_v account_v due_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o on_o the_o twenty_o seven_o of_o february_n old_a stile_n which_o be_v the_o nine_o of_o march_n new_a stile_n for_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o stile_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a and_o not_o to_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o place_n or_o country_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v date_v for_o suppose_v now_o mr._n robert_n w._n in_o the_o bill_n mention_v shall_v demand_v payment_n of_o this_o bill_n on_o the_o last_o of_o february_n and_o first_o of_o march_n old_a stile_n and_o mr._n george_n h._n shall_v tell_v he_o that_o he_o will_v pay_v it_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n our_o stile_n when_o due_a according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o not_o before_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o any_o notary_n if_o he_o understand_v himself_o can_v protest_v upon_o such_o a_o answer_n or_o can_v draw_v out_o any_o legal_a protest_v for_o non_fw-fr payment_n before_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n old_a stile_n be_v expire_v for_o pray_v observe_v if_o the_o notary_n date_v his_o protest_n for_o nonpayment_n on_o any_o day_n before_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n old_a stile_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a he_o will_v make_v his_o protest_n bear_v date_n before_o the_o bill_n be_v due_a and_o so_o will_v be_v illegal_o make_v and_o even_o the_o protest_v itself_o will_v carry_v that_o along_o with_o it_o which_o will_v certain_o cut_v its_o own_o throat_n for_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a the_o nine_o and_o the_o protest_n will_v bear_v date_n before_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n be_v come_v as_o may_v evident_o appear_v and_o yet_o this_o very_a case_n to_o my_o knowledge_n have_v stumble_v a_o merchant_n of_o no_o small_a rank_n and_o commerce_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n who_o have_v such_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o he_o will_v fam_fw-la have_v persuade_v himself_o for_o the_o acceptor_n nor_o i_o he_o can_v not_o that_o the_o bill_n will_v be_v due_a the_o 27_o old_a stile_n and_o if_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v will_v not_o so_o accept_v it_o my_o merchant_n be_v very_o earnest_a to_o have_v a_o protest_v make_v whereupon_o to_o make_v thing_n plain_a and_o thereby_o convince_v he_o of_o his_o error_n i_o direct_v the_o acceptor_n to_o underwrite_v the_o bill_n thus_o accept_v to_o pay_v the_o nine_o of_o march_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o bill_n which_o when_o my_o merchant_n behold_v and_o well_o consider_v he_o perceive_v his_o error_n and_o well_o approve_v of_o the_o acceptance_n for_o it_o be_v good_a and_o so_o tarry_v till_o the_o nine_o of_o march_n for_o his_o money_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v acceptance_n by_o wife_n or_o servant_n a_o man_n wife_n or_o friend_n or_o servant_n can_v accept_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o he_o in_o his_o absence_n without_o sufficient_a authority_n from_o he_o by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n under_o his_o hand_n and_o seal_v deliver_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o sufficient_a witness_n for_o the_o do_v thereof_o a_o man_n word_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v to_o his_o wife_n friend_n or_o servant_n if_o any_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v come_v draw_v on_o i_o in_o my_o absence_n accept_v they_o for_o i_o be_v not_o sufficient_a neither_o will_v a_o bare_a letter_n serve_v write_v to_o his_o wife_n friend_n or_o servant_n but_o there_o must_v be_v hand_n and_o seal_v and_o witness_n which_o if_o occasion_n be_v may_v prove_v his_o legal_a consent_n to_o such_o acceptance_n for_o indeed_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n without_o valuable_a consideration_n or_o without_o his_o own_o free_a consent_n it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o wife_n or_o servant_n have_v former_o accept_v several_a bill_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o like_a kind_n and_o when_o the_o party_n on_o who_o they_o be_v draw_v have_v come_v to_o town_n he_o have_v approve_v thereof_o and_o pay_v the_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n and_o so_o the_o wife_n or_o servant_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o that_o this_o can_v be_v prove_v i_o conceive_v it_o will_v come_v very_o close_o to_o he_o but_o we_o hold_v a_o legal_a order_n for_o acceptance_n ought_v to_o be_v grant_v by_o letter_n of_o attorney_n under_o hand_n and_o seal_v as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v a_o bill_n draw_v at_o one_o place_n and_o payable_a at_o another_o if_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v upon_o a_o man_n live_v at_o one_o place_n or_o city_n and_o pay_v able_a to_o a_o man_n live_v at_o another_o place_n and_o that_o the_o money_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o the_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v do_v dwell_v but_o in_o some_o other_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a do_v live_v or_o at_o a_o place_n for_o and_o at_o which_o there_o be_v a_o usual_a course_n of_o exchange_n and_o that_o the_o party_n on_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v draw_v do_v dwell_v some_o score_n of_o mile_n off_o from_o thence_o such_o a_o bill_n as_o this_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v to_o your_o hand_n you_o may_v send_v it_o down_o to_o some_o friend_n in_o the_o same_o town_n where_o he_o on_o who_o it_o be_v draw_v do_v live_v to_o get_v acceptance_n thereof_o and_o then_o to_o be_v return_v to_o you_o but_o when_o the_o bill_n fall_v due_a you_o need_v not_o seek_v far_o for_o payment_n than_o at_o the_o house_n or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v payable_a and_o in_o default_n thereof_o you_o must_v there_o cause_n protest_v to_o be_v make_v in_o due_a form_n as_o for_o instance_n suppose_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v draw_v from_o roven_n and_o direct_v thus_o to_o mr._n william_n p._n merchant_n at_o southampton_n but_o make_v payable_a thus_o pay_v this_o my_o first_o of_o exchange_n to_o mr._n samuel_n b._n