mariner_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n 9_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n tribute_n and_o toll_v pay_v upon_o all_o the_o commodity_n import_v and_o export_v within_o the_o dominion_n of_o all_o prince_n 10._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v of_o assurance_n upon_o good_n ship_n the_o person_n of_o man_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n adventure_v by_o sea_n or_o by_o land_n and_o the_o custom_n observe_v therein_o between_o nation_n and_o nation_n 11._o the_o keep_n of_o merchant_n account_n by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n and_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o money_n whereby_o the_o say_v book_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v 12._o the_o authority_n and_o proceed_n of_o merchant_n court_n or_o prior_n and_o consul_n to_o decide_v their_o difference_n according_a to_o equity_n in_o place_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v or_o any_o other_o law_n imperial_a or_o common_a to_o some_o country_n whereby_o merchant_n controversy_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o course_n of_o attachment_n and_o sequestration_n or_o execution_n and_o final_a determination_n by_o arbitrator_n or_o judicial_a decree_n in_o any_o chancery_n or_o court_n of_o equity_n all_o these_o make_v the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n have_v never_o be_v write_v by_o any_o civilian_n or_o philosopher_n merchant_n the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n nor_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v of_o any_o author_n as_o be_v convenient_a for_o merchant_n whereupon_o i_o have_v with_o god_n assistance_n resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o same_o compendious_o and_o substantial_o in_o this_o book_n upon_o fifty_o year_n observation_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n and_o albeit_o that_o the_o sea_n law_n be_v comprehend_v therein_o whereby_o the_o proceed_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v promiscuous_o handle_v nevertheless_o the_o method_n be_v follow_v as_o near_o as_o the_o matter_n can_v afford_v according_a to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n or_o the_o three_o simple_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o hereafter_o may_v appear_v and_o this_o law_n of_o merchant_n hitherto_o observe_v in_o all_o country_n aught_o in_o regard_n of_o commerce_n to_o be_v esteem_v and_o hold_v in_o reputation_n as_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n be_v among_o the_o roman_n for_o herein_o you_o shall_v find_v every_o thing_n build_v upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o reason_n and_o justice_n and_o know_v the_o foresay_a twelve_o point_n you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o please_v your_o own_o mind_n and_o give_v satisfaction_n of_o your_o sufficiency_n to_o other_o for_o the_o say_n be_v true_a melius_fw-la est_fw-la civitatem_fw-la ab_fw-la optima_fw-la lege_fw-la quam_fw-la ab_fw-la optimo_fw-la viro_fw-la gubernari_fw-la it_o be_v better_a to_o govern_v a_o city_n by_o a_o good_a law_n than_o by_o a_o good_a man_n and_o it_o be_v better_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v rule_v by_o reason_n than_o by_o his_o own_o reason_n to_o seek_v to_o rule_v other_o final_o to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a i_o have_v abstract_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n upon_o all_o the_o precedent_a point_n and_o add_v they_o unto_o the_o follow_a chapter_n distinct_o from_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n use_v the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o civilians_n in_o general_a without_o name_v any_o particular_a author_n to_o avoid_v ambiguity_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n chap._n ii_o a_o observation_n concern_v time_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n and_o understanding_n do_v know_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o necessary_a for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o history_n and_o diverse_a estate_n of_o the_o world_n than_o the_o observation_n of_o time_n without_o which_o great_a obscurity_n and_o error_n will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o action_n of_o man_n aswell_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n as_o in_o civil_a government_n where_o merchant_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v the_o manage_n and_o dispose_n of_o the_o wealth_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n so_o that_o it_o behove_v they_o to_o observe_v the_o year_n month_n week_n time_n merchant_n be_v to_o observe_v time_n and_o day_n and_o sometime_o the_o hour_n of_o their_o negotiation_n with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o water_n the_o variation_n of_o wind_n and_o alteration_n of_o weather_n for_o storm_n at_o the_o sea_n and_o unseasonable_a time_n on_o land_n whereby_o the_o harvest_n do_v fail_v and_o commodity_n become_v to_o be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o and_o the_o price_n thereof_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a with_o many_o other_o consideration_n incident_a in_o the_o course_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n and_o in_o receive_v and_o pay_v of_o money_n to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o time_n will_v in_o one_o respect_n be_v very_o difficult_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o time_n be_v inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o eternity_n but_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o attribute_n of_o time_n and_o do_v distinguish_v thing_n orderly_o we_o shall_v easy_o perceive_v what_o time_n be_v and_o make_v use_v thereof_o time_n the_o attribute_n of_o time_n time_n be_v the_o consumer_n of_o all_o thing_n tempus_fw-la edax_fw-la rerum_fw-la time_n be_v the_o discoverer_n of_o all_o thing_n veritas_fw-la filia_fw-la temporis_fw-la time_n be_v uncertain_a and_o want_v bound_n tempora_fw-la mutantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n time_n minute_n past_a no_o treasure_n can_v restore_v irrevocabile_fw-la tempus_fw-la time_n do_v pierce_v the_o hard_a flint_n gutta_n cavat_fw-la lapidem_fw-la non_fw-la vi_fw-la sed_fw-la sepe_fw-la cadendo_fw-la time_n have_v a_o salve_n for_o all_o extremity_n and_o yet_o beget_v usury_n time_n office_n be_v to_o end_v the_o hate_n of_o foe_n time_n glory_n be_v to_o calm_v contend_v king_n time_n be_v a_o tutor_n both_o to_o good_a and_o bad_a and_o do_v discover_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n time_n offer_v still_o each_o hour_n to_o do_v amiss_o time_n breed_v grief_n and_o heal_v when_o art_n do_v fail_v by_o time_n and_o wisdom_n passion_n be_v suppress_v in_o time_n small_a wedge_n cleave_v the_o hard_a oak_n time_n be_v the_o anchor_n both_o of_o truth_n and_o right_n time_n have_v set_v down_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o course_n time_n motion_n do_v equal_a the_o reel_a sun_n time_n measure_v our_o action_n time_n be_v the_o best_a governor_n of_o all_o our_o counsel_n time_n on_o the_o weary_a wretch_n bestow_v rest_n both_o life_n and_o love_n in_o time_n must_v have_v a_o end_n many_o more_o attribute_n may_v be_v bestow_v upon_o time_n but_o we_o shall_v find_v upon_o due_a consideration_n that_o time_n be_v but_o a_o distinction_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o between_o all_o thing_n concern_v the_o revolution_n of_o time_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o even_o as_o god_n the_o author_n and_o conserver_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o a_o comely_a and_o decent_a order_n time_n the_o revolution_n of_o time_n have_v appoint_v a_o succession_n and_o progress_n of_o time_n for_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o natural_a course_n thereof_o so_o have_v he_o appoint_v certain_a period_n and_o revolution_n of_o time_n wherein_o thing_n return_v to_o the_o same_o or_o like_o estate_n wherein_o they_o be_v before_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n all_o which_o be_v measure_v by_o time_n the_o sun_n the_o moon_n and_o the_o star_n to_o have_v their_o particular_a and_o distinct_a revolution_n wherein_o they_o accomplish_v their_o course_n and_o return_v after_o a_o limit_v and_o determinate_a space_n of_o time_n to_o the_o place_n from_o which_o they_o do_v depart_v the_o sun_n complete_n his_o course_n and_o revolution_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o almost_o six_o hour_n or_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o day_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v which_o be_v that_o space_n of_o time_n which_o we_o call_v the_o year_n term_v annus_fw-la qui_fw-la annulus_fw-la annulus_fw-la annus_fw-la quasi_fw-la annulus_fw-la take_v the_o similitude_n from_o a_o ring_n which_o cause_v the_o egyption_n to_o make_v the_o figure_n thereof_o in_o their_o hierogliphic_n like_v unto_o a_o serpent_n bite_v his_o own_o tail_n the_o moon_n by_o her_o revolution_n in_o the_o sphere_n in_o 28_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o determinate_v unto_o we_o the_o month_n as_o the_o sun_n do_v the_o day_n and_o hour_n saturnus_n the_o planet_n make_v her_o revolution_n in_o 30_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12._o year_n mars_n in_o two_o year_n and_o venus_n and_o mercury_n in_o 360_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v also_o their_o peculiar_a motion_n and_o revolution_n the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o which_o be_v both_o please_a and_o necessary_a unto_o judicious_a merchant_n and_o because_o time_n be_v
in_o hungary_n the_o say_a rycke_n doller_n be_v seven_o shilling_n seven_o penny_n now_o enhance_v to_o eight_o shilling_n colloigne_n colloigne_n at_o colloigne_n and_o cleves_n a_o gelder_n be_v 24_o whitpennie_n of_o twelve_o morkens_n and_o every_o whitpennie_n be_v two_o shilling_n or_o stiver_n and_o four_o mark_v for_o the_o gelder_n hamborough_n hamborough_n at_o hamborough_n the_o doller_n coin_a at_o thirty_o and_o one_o shilling_n lup_n and_o for_o many_o year_n currant_n for_o thirty_o and_o three_o be_v enhance_v now_o to_o fifty_o and_o four_o shilling_n of_o three_o whitpennie_n and_o every_o shilling_n be_v twelve_o penny_n of_o two_o heller_n every_o penny_n pomerania_n pomerania_n in_o pomerania_n the_o say_a doller_n be_v thirty_o and_o two_o shilling_n of_o two_o snuden_n one_o mark_n snudens_n be_v eight_o shilling_n lup_n and_o the_o two_o mark_n snud_n be_v one_o mark_v lup_n dansicke_a dansicke_a at_o dansicke_a the_o doller_n thirty_o and_o five_o gross_a of_o three_o shilling_n and_o in_o other_o place_n as_o you_o may_v find_v upon_o the_o money_n denominate_v hereafter_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o exchange_n for_o merchant_n further_a direction_n chap._n xx._n of_o merchant_n account_n keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n the_o manner_n of_o keep_v account_n by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n be_v first_o devise_v in_o italy_n upon_o very_o good_a consideration_n there_o be_v great_a affinity_n between_o faith_n trust_v and_o confidence_n in_o divinity_n trust_v and_o confidence_n be_v two_o handmaid_n unto_o faith_n even_o as_o faith_n be_v the_o hand_n whereby_o we_o apprehend_v god_n mercy_n to_o repose_v our_o trust_n in_o he_o and_o to_o be_v confident_a thereof_o but_o in_o humane_a action_n the_o word_n trust_v be_v more_o proper_a which_o impli_v a_o credit_n or_o belief_n which_o we_o give_v or_o repose_v upon_o other_o or_o other_o do_v attribute_n and_o give_v unto_o us._n hence_o proceed_v the_o italian_a speech_n star_n dal_n credere_fw-la ground_v upon_o that_o maxim_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la bone_fw-la donec_fw-la contrarium_fw-la probetur_fw-la whereupon_o a_o man_n negotiate_v in_o this_o world_n must_v trust_v and_o be_v trust_v he_o that_o be_v trust_v with_o any_o good_n money_n or_o other_o mooveable_a thing_n be_v therefore_o call_v a_o debtor_n or_o debtor_n unto_o the_o party_n that_o do_v trust_v he_o therewith_o and_o he_o call_v that_o party_n his_o creditor_n because_o he_o give_v he_o credit_n for_o the_o same_o whereby_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n concur_v between_o party_n and_o party_n suppose_v now_o that_o a_o young_a man_n be_v of_o age_n to_o manage_v his_o own_o be_v desirous_a to_o deal_v in_o the_o world_n in_o traffic_n and_o trade_n by_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n or_o to_o let_v out_o his_o money_n at_o use_n or_o by_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n unto_o which_o three_o action_n we_o still_o observe_v our_o method_n as_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n as_o often_o have_v be_v declare_v and_o thereupon_o he_o endevour_v to_o keep_v a_o true_a account_n of_o all_o his_o proceed_n and_o negotiation_n by_o way_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o have_v still_o a_o creditor_n unto_o a_o debtor_n and_o a_o debtor_n unto_o a_o creditor_n which_o must_v reciprocal_o answer_v each_o other_o now_o consider_v of_o his_o mean_n for_o the_o effect_n hereof_o he_o find_v that_o he_o have_v one_o hundred_o clothes_n two_o hundred_o kersey_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n or_o friend_n and_o moreover_o some_o thousand_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n and_o five_o hundred_o pound_n in_o debt_n owe_v by_o several_a person_n payable_a at_o some_o time_n to_o come_v beside_o some_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a in_o land_n or_o lease_n out_o of_o all_o these_o he_o make_v a_o stock_n or_o capital_a which_o he_o do_v enter_v into_o a_o bookâ—_n call_v a_o journal_n book_n a_o journal_n book_n because_o it_o contain_v his_o daily_a action_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o from_o this_o book_n they_o be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o into_o another_o big_a book_n call_v a_o liedger_n book_n a_o leidger_n book_n because_o the_o same_o remain_v as_o lie_v according_o in_o a_o place_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o spaniard_n do_v call_v this_o book_n el_n libro_fw-la grande_fw-fr and_o the_o journal_n he_o call_v manual_a be_v of_o a_o far_o lesser_a volume_n common_o but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o other_o be_v manuable_a and_o unto_o this_o they_o keep_v a_o borrador_n or_o memorial_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v first_o enter_v book_n a_o memorial_n book_n and_o may_v upon_o occasion_n be_v blot_v alter_v or_o by_o error_n be_v miscast_v or_o not_o well_o enter_v but_o in_o the_o journal_n and_o leidger_n book_n there_o may_v not_o be_v any_o alteration_n of_o cypher_n blot_v nor_o place_n leave_v in_o blank_a in_o the_o journal_n but_o one_o parcel_n without_o intermission_n must_v follow_v another_o otherwise_o the_o book_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n in_o law_n or_o before_o any_o magistrate_n whereas_o otherwise_o much_o credit_n be_v give_v to_o book_n well_o and_o orderly_o keep_v for_o the_o decide_n and_o determination_n of_o many_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n and_o their_o factor_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o i_o can_v not_o omit_v to_o write_v thereof_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n to_o the_o end_n that_o such_o judge_n and_o other_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o may_v be_v enlighten_v in_o their_o proceed_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n may_v come_v before_o they_o to_o be_v determine_v the_o manner_n how_o he_o do_v enter_v they_o in_o the_o journal_n be_v as_o follow_v wherein_o observe_v that_o every_o debtor_n must_v have_v a_o creditor_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a every_o creditor_n his_o debtor_n and_o always_o the_o left_a side_n of_o your_o leidger_n book_n be_v open_a be_v the_o debtor_n side_n and_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o say_a book_n towards_o your_o right_a hand_n be_v the_o creditor_n side_n journal_n how_o parcel_n be_v find_v in_o the_o leidger_n and_o journal_n wherein_o you_o enter_v every_o account_n by_o itself_o from_o the_o parcel_n of_o your_o journal_n which_o parcel_n in_o the_o say_v leidger_n book_n be_v find_v in_o the_o journal_n by_o the_o date_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o journal_n the_o leave_n or_o folio_n of_o the_o leidger_n be_v note_v over_o a_o line_n in_o the_o margin_n for_o the_o debtor_n and_o under_o the_o say_a line_n for_o the_o creditor_n and_o so_o in_o the_o leidger_n book_n every_o parcel_n have_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n a_o direction_n to_o the_o folio_n or_o carta_n as_o the_o italian_n call_v it_o whereby_o the_o debtor_n show_v his_o creditor_n and_o the_o creditor_n make_v relation_n to_o his_o debtor_n which_o word_n be_v not_o use_v but_o understand_v by_o such_o a_o one_o owe_v and_o such_o a_o one_o be_v due_a to_o have_v not_o only_o of_o person_n but_o of_o thing_n themselves_o as_o the_o great_a merchant_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v many_o commodity_n for_o themselves_o or_o for_o other_o they_o will_v arm_v a_o account_n which_o be_v the_o spanish_a phrase_n armar_n una_fw-la cuenta_fw-la but_o in_o plain_a english_a they_o will_v keep_v or_o frame_v a_o account_n for_o themselves_o magazine_n magazine_n and_o make_v their_o warehouse_n or_o magazine_n debtor_n because_o the_o warehouse_n be_v trust_v with_o the_o ware_n or_o commodity_n other_o will_v make_v the_o commodity_n debtor_n and_o their_o own_o capital_a or_o stock_n creditor_n stock_n capital_a or_o stock_n in_o like_a manner_n because_o their_o money_n be_v lay_v up_o or_o lock_v in_o a_o chest_n which_o they_o call_v cash_n they_o will_v therefore_o imagine_v this_o cash_n to_o be_v a_o person_n who_o they_o have_v trust_v chest._n caâ—â—_n or_o chest._n and_o make_v the_o say_v cash_n a_o debtor_n for_o the_o money_n they_o put_v into_o it_o and_o when_o they_o pay_v out_o that_o money_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o they_o will_v make_v cash_n creditor_n and_o that_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v pay_v shall_v be_v make_v the_o debtor_n and_o if_o he_o do_v pay_v the_o same_o by_o your_o order_n to_o another_o party_n he_o shall_v be_v make_v the_o debtor_n and_o so_o the_o other_o be_v discharge_v and_o become_v a_o creditor_n and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o another_o until_o you_o come_v to_o receive_v the_o money_n again_o and_o then_o cash_n be_v debtor_n again_o for_o you_o must_v still_o have_v a_o care_n to_o find_v a_o debtor_n to_o have_v his_o creditor_n summer_n a_o â—â—rrie_a jest_n of_o will._n summer_n and_o
that_o every_o creditor_n may_v have_v his_o debtor_n it_o seem_v that_o william_n summer_n be_v a_o jester_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v some_o insight_n in_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n for_o when_o the_o king_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v deliver_v a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n unto_o a_o gentleman_n a_o follower_n of_o he_o summer_n answer_v that_o for_o do_v so_o he_o have_v note_v in_o his_o book_n that_o the_o king_n be_v a_o fool_n give_v his_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o the_o gentleman_n will_v never_o return_v back_o again_o and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v cozen_v but_o the_o king_n ask_v of_o summer_n what_o he_o will_v do_v in_o case_n the_o gentleman_n do_v return_v with_o the_o money_n whereupon_o summer_n answer_v then_o i_o will_v put_v he_o in_o my_o book_n for_o a_o fool_n and_o put_v you_o out_o sic_fw-la nugae_fw-la seria_fw-la ducunt_fw-la to_o return_v to_o our_o young_a merchant_n by_o this_o time_n he_o have_v take_v a_o inventory_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o cause_v his_o clothes_n and_o kersey_n to_o be_v value_v and_o find_v that_o the_o hundred_o clothes_n be_v worth_a some_o 1200_o will_v one_o with_o another_o and_o his_o two_o hundred_o kersey_n of_o devonshire_n 400_o will_v hereupon_o enter_v the_o year_n month_n and_o day_n in_o the_o journal_n he_o make_v debtor_n and_o creditor_n as_o aforesaid_a magazine_n or_o warehouse_n owe_v unto_o capital_a or_o stock_n 1600_o will_v for_o one_o hundred_v white_a clothes_n of_o the_o mark_n follow_v creditor_n the_o manner_n of_o make_v debtor_n and_o creditor_n amount_v to_o 1200_o will_v and_o for_o two_o hundred_o devonshire_n kersey_n at_o 40_o will_v the_o pack_n of_o twenty_o piece_n which_o of_o my_o own_o estate_n i_o find_v in_o this_o my_o warehouse_n parcel_n of_o my_o patrimony_n amount_v together_o in_o ware_n 1600_o will_v and_o this_o sum_n be_v draw_v out_o in_o the_o margin_n towards_o your_o right_a hand_n in_o the_o say_a journal_n cash_n owe_v unto_o capital_a or_o stock_n you_o need_v not_o to_o say_v of_o i_o a.b._n the_o sum_n of_o 1000_o will_v for_o so_o much_o ready_a money_n which_o i_o find_v this_o day_n in_o cash_n proceed_v of_o etc._n etc._n and_o this_o sum_n be_v likewise_o draw_v out_o etc._n etc._n b._n m._n mercer_n owe_v unto_o capital_a 300_o will_v which_o he_o owe_v by_o bill_n unto_o my_o father_n decease_v payable_a in_o two_o payment_n namely_o etc._n etc._n sum_n 300_o will_v n.w._n merchant_n owe_v unto_o capital_a 200_o will_v for_o so_o much_o owe_v by_o he_o unto_o my_o father_n decease_v which_o be_v payable_a the_o 25_o of_o march_n next_o by_o bond_n etc._n etc._n the_o manor_n of_o latham_n in_o lancashire_n owe_v unto_o capital_a 1500_o will_v landâ—_n landâ—_n which_o be_v leave_v my_o father_n by_o descent_n from_o etc._n etc._n contain_v etc._n etc._n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o 66_o will_v now_o in_o the_o tenure_n occupation_n or_o possession_n of_o etc._n etc._n 1500_o will_v the_o lease_n of_o the_o house_n call_v the_o golden_a lion_n situate_a in_o cheapside_n in_o london_n owe_v unto_o capital_a 200_o will_v leasâ—â—_n leasâ—â—_n for_o so_o much_o i_o have_v pay_v unto_o the_o company_n of_o mercer_n for_o a_o lease_n of_o the_o say_a house_n for_o 21_o year_n with_o a_o reservation_n of_o a_o rent_n of_o 20_o will_v yearly_a to_o be_v pay_v every_o six_o month_n now_o in_o the_o occupation_n of_o a.b._n goldsmith_n pay_v i_o sixty_o pound_n yearly_a rent_n for_o the_o same_o i_o say_v cost_v i_o two_o hundred_o pound_n plate_n and_o household_n stuff_n owe_v unto_o capital_a 200_o will_v stuff_n household_n stuff_n for_o so_o much_o i_o have_v buy_v and_o find_v to_o be_v in_o moveable_n of_o plate_n apparel_n and_o household_n stuff_n since_o my_o father_n decease_n wherewith_o i_o find_v all_o my_o estate_n to_o be_v worth_a 5000_o will_v the_o particular_n of_o which_o plate_n and_o moveable_n be_v by_o inventory_n to_o be_v see_v in_o my_o book_n of_o remembrance_n or_o memorial_n so_o for_o this_o parcel_n i_o draw_v out_o 200_o will_v here_o you_o see_v that_o this_o young_a merchant_n have_v a_o estate_n of_o 5000_o will_v to_o begin_v the_o world_n withal_o consist_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a seven_o parcel_n leidger_n transfer_v of_o parcel_n to_o the_o leidger_n these_o seven_o parcel_n now_o be_v put_v over_o into_o the_o liedger_n which_o some_o call_v post_v over_o in_o so_o many_o several_a account_n of_o seven_o debtor_n and_o there_o be_v but_o one_o to_o be_v make_v creditor_n for_o all_o these_o which_o be_v capital_a or_o stock_n which_o do_v answer_n by_o correspondence_n all_o the_o seven_o debtor_n in_o their_o proper_a account_n amount_v all_o to_o the_o sum_n of_o 5000_o will_v on_o the_o debtor_n side_n and_o so_o be_v here_o 5000_o will_v on_o the_o creditor_n side_n which_o do_v balance_v the_o other_o account_n balance_v of_o account_n be_v so_o term_v of_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n wherein_o equal_a weight_n be_v lay_v on_o every_o side_n the_o balance_n will_v be_v just_a and_o even_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n must_v all_o account_n keep_v by_o debtor_n &_o creditor_n be_v even_o balance_v whatsoever_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o account_n be_v which_o fall_v out_o by_o calculation_n upon_o the_o account_n but_o the_o main_a balance_n of_o the_o whole_a book_n may_v not_o differ_v one_o penny_n and_o fraction_n of_o half_a penny_n and_o farthing_n be_v not_o use_v in_o journal_n parcel_n but_o account_v in_o the_o summary_n at_o the_o first_o this_o merchant_n now_o employ_v his_o money_n and_o buy_v some_o other_o commodity_n to_o be_v send_v beyond_o the_o sea_n namely_o one_o hundred_o piece_n of_o perpetuanoes_n which_o cost_v he_o ready_a money_n fifty_o shilling_n the_o piece_n more_o twenty_o father_n of_o lead_n at_o ten_o pound_n the_o father_n fifty_o piece_n of_o bay_n of_o diverse_a sort_n cost_v he_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n and_o twenty_o redding_n mingle_v colour_n clothes_n amount_v in_o all_o to_o 870_o will_v journal_n enter_v of_o parcel_n in_o the_o journal_n which_o he_o pay_v in_o ready_a money_n and_o all_o these_o commodity_n he_o do_v enter_v into_o his_o journal_n in_o one_o parcel_n make_v the_o say_a magazine_n debtor_n for_o all_o and_o his_o cash_n creditor_n because_o the_o say_a cash_n be_v make_v debtor_n for_o the_o money_n of_o one_o thousand_o pound_n â—hem_n for_o commodity_n buy_v and_o money_n pay_v for_o â—hem_n as_o you_o see_v before_o and_o now_o be_v make_v eight_o hundred_o and_o seventie_o pound_n creditor_n there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o pound_n more_o remain_v in_o cash_n the_o rest_n be_v in_o commodity_n discharge_v for_o money_n receive_v and_o a_o debtor_n partly_o discharge_v by_o this_o time_n b.m._n the_o mercer_n who_o owe_v three_o hundred_o pound_n pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n of_o it_o now_o cash_n be_v make_v debtor_n for_o that_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o b.m._n be_v make_v creditor_n for_o the_o same_o so_o he_o owe_v now_o but_o two_o hundred_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v now_o in_o cash_n two_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o pound_n wealth_n substantial_a wealth_n the_o three_o existant_fw-la parcel_n by_o themselves_o for_o the_o land_n lease_n and_o the_o plate_n and_o household_n stuff_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o book_n untouched_a the_o merchant_n begin_v to_o ship_v his_o commodity_n and_o send_v his_o hundred_o white_a clothes_n for_o hamborough_n to_o a_o factor_n or_o his_o servant_n and_o pay_v the_o king_n custom_n and_o all_o charge_n concern_v the_o same_o and_o now_o he_o frame_v a_o account_n of_o those_o clothes_n intitul_a the_o same_o voyage_n to_o hamborough_n hamborough_n account_n for_o voyage_n for_o hamborough_n or_o clothes_n send_v to_o hamborough_n do_v owe_v unto_o the_o magazine_n one_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o hundred_v white_a clothes_n send_v for_o my_o account_n to_o such_o a_o man_n in_o such_o ship_n etc._n etc._n charge_n money_o pay_v for_o custom_n and_o charge_n then_o he_o do_v charge_v this_o account_n of_o clothes_n with_o the_o custom_n and_o charge_n he_o pay_v clothes_n send_v to_o hamborough_n do_v owe_v unto_o cash_n sixty_o pound_n for_o custom_n and_o charge_n pay_v for_o the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o memorial_n book_n appear_v for_o seville_a in_o spain_n he_o send_v the_o hundred_o piece_n of_o perpetuanoes_n which_o he_o buy_v spain_n voyage_n for_o spain_n and_o fifty_o piece_n of_o bay_n and_o twenty_o father_n of_o lead_n which_o do_v cost_v he_o 670_o will_v and_o the_o charge_n custom_n and_o imposition_n be_v fifty_o pound_n in_o toto_fw-la for_o lixborne_v in_o portugal_n he_o send_v two_o hundred_o piece_n of_o devonshire_n kersey_n portugal_n voyage_n for_o portugal_n and_o twenty_o redding_n
clothes_n which_o cost_v he_o six_o hundred_o pound_n and_o the_o custom_n and_o charge_n forty_o pound_n and_o hereupon_o he_o arm_v two_o account_n under_o the_o name_n of_o voyage_n into_o spain_n or_o voyage_n to_o lixborne_n or_o some_o other_o such_o name_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n as_o every_o man_n think_v good_a so_o these_o voyage_n be_v debtor_n for_o the_o commodity_n custom_n and_o charge_n thereof_o and_o the_o magazine_n be_v discharge_v and_o make_v creditor_n as_o abovesaid_a discharge_v magazine_n discharge_v and_o likewise_o cash_n be_v make_v creditor_n have_v pay_v the_o custom_n imposition_n and_o charge_n aforesaid_a this_o merchant_n not_o willing_a to_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o adventure_n of_o six_o hundred_o pound_n or_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n in_o one_o ship_n do_v cause_n himself_o to_o be_v assure_v of_o three_o hundred_o pound_n in_o every_o ship_n assurance_n money_n for_o assurance_n at_o four_o and_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o pay_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o assuror_n hereupon_o he_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n debtor_n and_o cash_n creditor_n for_o so_o much_o namely_o thirteen_o pound_n for_o lixborne_n and_o sixteen_o pound_n for_o seville_a and_o so_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o god_n will_v and_o pleasure_n and_o all_o these_o parcel_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o book_n receive_v money_o receive_v and_o b._n m._n the_o mercer_n do_v pay_v more_o two_o hundred_o pound_n whereof_o cash_n be_v make_v debtor_n and_o b._n m._n be_v make_v creditor_n and_o discharge_v of_o the_o 3_o hundred_o pound_n he_o do_v owe_v interest_n money_o deliver_v aâ—_n interest_n whereby_o the_o merchant_n find_v some_o money_n to_o spare_v he_o deliver_v out_o two_o hundred_o pound_n at_o interest_n unto_o another_o merchant_n for_o six_o month_n and_o thereupon_o he_o make_v this_o merchant_n c.d._n debtor_n &_o cash_n creditor_n declare_v to_o have_v his_o bond_n of_o three_o hundred_o pound_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n at_o such_o a_o day_n in_o such_o a_o place_n money_n interest_n money_n and_o for_o the_o interest_n money_n of_o ten_o pound_n he_o make_v he_o likewise_o debtor_n and_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n and_o loss_n creditor_n but_o some_o man_n do_v make_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o interest_n which_o be_v at_o a_o man_n pleasure_n now_o the_o two_o hundred_o pound_n which_o n._n w._n owe_v be_v due_a use_n money_n owe_v continue_v at_o use_n and_o he_o desire_v to_o keep_v the_o money_n for_o six_o month_n at_o interest_n and_o to_o give_v his_o bond_n for_o it_o which_o be_v so_o agree_v between_o they_o the_o interest_n be_v ten_o pound_n for_o which_o he_o make_v likewise_o n.w._n debtor_n and_o profit_n and_o loss_n creditor_n the_o merchant_n estate_n stand_v now_o thus_o book_n view_v of_o a_o merchant_n estate_n by_o the_o book_n at_o hamborough_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pound_n at_o seville_a seven_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o six_o pound_n at_o lixborne_a six_o hundred_o fifty_o and_o three_o pound_n at_o interest_n four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n with_o the_o interest_n and_o but_o little_a money_n in_o cash_n because_o of_o his_o daily_a expense_n suppose_v now_o that_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n be_v come_v from_o hamborough_n voyage_n return_v of_o voyage_n and_o our_o merchant_n clothes_n be_v sell_v to_o diverse_a merchant_n and_o other_o there_o to_o be_v pay_v at_o six_o and_o six_o month_n anticipation_n money_o pay_v by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n for_o which_o they_o have_v give_v their_o bill_n obligatorie_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o according_o but_o some_o of_o these_o merchant_n be_v desirous_a to_o pay_v their_o money_n by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n have_v interest_n allow_v they_o for_o it_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o so_o pay_v ready_a money_n to_o our_o merchant_n factor_n and_o thereupon_o the_o say_a factor_n make_v over_o by_o exchange_n four_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a by_o two_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v pay_v here_o at_o usance_n which_o be_v two_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o bill_n by_o merchant_n stranger_n exchange_n money_n make_v over_o by_o exchange_n these_o merchant_n stranger_n do_v accept_v the_o say_v bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o you_o make_v they_o several_o debtor_n for_o the_o same_o and_o your_o factor_n of_o hamborough_n creditor_n for_o the_o say_v four_o hundred_o pound_n moreover_o your_o factor_n have_v set_v over_o some_o of_o those_o merchant_n bill_n of_o debt_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o have_v take_v in_o payment_n two_o case_n of_o velvet_n sea_n velvet_n buy_v beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o do_v cost_v eight_o hundred_o pound_n and_o he_o send_v they_o in_o these_o ship_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o charge_n custom_n and_o factoridge_n of_o the_o say_a velvet_n amount_v to_o forty_o pound_n so_o the_o velvet_n cost_v in_o all_o eight_o hundred_o and_o forty_o pound_n for_o this_o you_o make_v a_o new_a account_n for_o velvet_n or_o the_o return_n of_o the_o hamborough_n voyage_n debtor_n and_o your_o factor_n creditor_n for_o the_o say_v eight_o hundred_o and_o forty_o pound_n exchange_n money_o take_v up_o by_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o because_o you_o be_v to_o pay_v great_a custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o these_o velvet_n and_o your_o cash_n be_v not_o well_o provide_v you_o take_v up_o by_o exchange_n here_o sixty_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o your_o factor_n at_o hamborough_n and_o deliver_v your_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o and_o receive_v the_o money_n now_o cash_n be_v make_v debtor_n for_o the_o same_o and_o your_o factor_n that_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n be_v make_v creditor_n for_o it_o according_o they_o cloth_n sell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o account_v send_v of_o they_o this_o factor_n do_v now_o by_o land_n send_v unto_o you_o the_o account_n of_o your_o hundred_o clothes_n sell_v unto_o diverse_a merchant_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o this_o account_n be_v make_v in_o hamborough_n or_o lup_n money_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v among_o merchant_n that_o six_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o money_n be_v correspondent_a to_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a according_a to_o this_o you_o reduce_v your_o hamborough_n money_n into_o sterling_a money_n after_o the_o rate_n sterling_a hamborough_n money_n reduce_v into_o sterling_a and_o your_o factor_n in_o the_o say_a account_n have_v already_o deduct_v his_o factorige_n custom_n and_o all_o charge_n incident_a upon_o the_o clothes_n sell_v by_o he_o so_o that_o cast_v your_o account_n upon_o the_o net_n provenu_fw-fr of_o your_o clothes_n he_o have_v receive_v clear_a money_n one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o pound_n sterling_a hereof_o now_o you_o do_v make_v your_o factor_n debtor_n and_o the_o voyage_n for_o hamborough_n creditor_n and_o come_v to_o your_o leidger_n book_n you_o find_v the_o say_a voyage_n debtor_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pound_n and_o now_o to_o be_v make_v creditor_n one_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o pound_n so_o you_o find_v here_o be_v two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n clear_a gain_n by_o the_o account_n unless_o you_o shall_v become_v a_o loser_n in_o the_o velvet_n for_o the_o money_n deduct_v for_o interest_n to_o he_o that_o pay_v before_o his_o time_n be_v already_o deduct_v in_o the_o account_n of_o clothes_n so_o that_o to_o clear_v this_o account_n of_o the_o voyage_n you_o make_v the_o same_o debtor_n for_o the_o say_v two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n and_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n and_o loss_n creditor_n for_o the_o same_o you_o have_v now_o sell_v your_o two_o case_n of_o velvet_n the_o one_o for_o ready_a money_n and_o the_o other_o at_o six_o and_o six_o month_n day_n of_o payment_n to_o w.w._n mercer_n amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n who_o you_o have_v make_v debtor_n for_o the_o same_o and_o your_o velvet_n creditor_n and_o for_o the_o other_o you_o have_v make_v cash_n debtor_n for_o four_o hundred_o ninety_o pound_n which_o you_o have_v receive_v and_o likewise_o your_o velvet_n creditor_n for_o the_o same_o sum_n so_o in_o both_o one_o thousand_o and_o ten_o pound_n and_o cast_v up_o your_o charge_n custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o your_o velvet_n you_o find_v they_o to_o amount_v unto_o 80_o will_v and_o for_o this_o sum_n you_o make_v velvet_n debtor_n and_o cash_n creditor_n so_o your_o velvet_n do_v cost_v with_o all_o the_o say_a charge_n 920_o will_v and_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o 1010_o will_v so_o there_o be_v 90_o will_v advance_v by_o the_o say_a velvet_n whereof_o to_o clear_v this_o account_n you_o make_v velvet_n debtor_n and_o profit_n and_o loss_n creditor_n as_o aforesaid_a have_v now_o money_n in_o
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unto_o you_o to_o trade_v withal_o so_o that_o you_o may_v perceive_v that_o this_o be_v a_o excellent_a invention_n and_o a_o most_o commodious_a course_n to_o know_v thing_n ready_o the_o banker_n therefore_o that_o deal_n for_o million_o of_o pound_n banker_n the_o keep_n of_o account_n by_o the_o banker_n and_o make_v great_a payment_n continual_o by_o assignation_n do_v sum_n up_o every_o ten_o parcel_n and_o post_v they_o over_o to_o a_o new_a account_n because_o they_o know_v at_o all_o hour_n whether_o a_o man_n be_v debtor_n or_o creditor_n unto_o they_o if_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n be_v dispose_v by_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n they_o shall_v receive_v many_o benefit_n and_o advantage_n first_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o want_n as_o they_o common_o be_v creditor_n prince_n account_n to_o be_v keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n but_o make_v their_o treasure_n go_v further_o in_o payment_n because_o they_o may_v know_v at_o all_o time_n where_o to_o find_v 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or_o like_v unto_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o planet_n saturn_n which_o make_v his_o spherecall_a course_n in_o thirty_o year_n with_o great_a operation_n although_o we_o do_v not_o so_o sensible_o perceive_v his_o motion_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o revolution_n of_o state_n affair_n in_o progress_n and_o continuance_n of_o time_n chap._n xi_o of_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o use_v the_o course_n of_o attachment_n as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n which_o be_v borrow_v from_o merchant_n action_n observe_v in_o foreign_a country_n and_o be_v thereupon_o by_o custom_n here_o establish_v it_o be_v a_o ready_a way_n whereby_o man_n may_v secure_v themselves_o of_o present_a mean_n if_o they_o doubt_v of_o their_o debtor_n for_o if_o the_o creditor_n do_v know_v any_o debt_n or_o good_n belong_v unto_o his_o debtor_n he_o may_v instant_o upon_o a_o speciality_n to_o be_v exhibit_v unto_o the_o magistrate_n have_v authority_n to_o attach_v the_o say_a debt_n and_o good_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o person_n where_o he_o find_v the_o same_o only_o privilege_v place_n except_v or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n in_o most_o place_n to_o this_o attachment_n if_o the_o party_n do_v appear_v and_o put_v in_o bail_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o attorney_n then_o the_o attachment_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a and_o declaration_n be_v put_v in_o depend_v in_o court_n upon_o the_o say_a bail_n and_o if_o no_o declaration_n be_v put_v in_o the_o next_o court_n day_n or_o within_o three_o day_n than_o the_o say_a bail_n be_v likewise_o discharge_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n albeit_o this_o be_v not_o so_o due_o observe_v as_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n require_v but_o if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o appear_v and_o the_o attachment_n do_v proceed_v three_o court_n day_n or_o three_o default_n to_o be_v enter_v then_o for_o the_o four_o default_n judgement_n or_o sentence_n be_v give_v that_o he_o who_o do_v make_v the_o attachment_n shall_v recover_v the_o say_a debt_n and_o good_n and_o take_v the_o same_o into_o his_o own_o possession_n upon_o good_a surety_n to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o court_n to_o answer_v the_o value_n thereof_o within_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o proprietary_n may_v disreason_n the_o say_a recovery_n by_o disprove_v the_o other_o party_n surmise_n or_o allegation_n prove_v that_o the_o speciality_n be_v pay_v whereupon_o the_o attachment_n be_v ground_v for_o the_o attachment_n beyond_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v make_v upon_o any_o pretend_a action_n but_o must_v be_v do_v upon_o a_o bill_n of_o debt_n and_o many_o time_n the_o magistrate_n will_v sequester_v the_o good_n or_o debt_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o avoid_v incertainty_n of_o honest_a deal_n beside_o merchant_n will_v be_v advise_v before_o they_o make_v attachment_n because_o both_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n do_v impose_v great_a damage_n upon_o the_o party_n if_o he_o have_v make_v his_o attachment_n without_o just_a cause_n to_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o other_o party_n credit_n and_o moreover_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o debt_n appear_v by_o specialty_n or_o bill_n obligatorie_n it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o say_v debt_n be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o unto_o other_o merchant_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n heretofore_o mention_v whereby_o the_o property_n be_v alter_v i_o remember_v a_o case_n of_o my_o own_o that_o happen_v above_o twenty_o year_n since_o which_o concur_v with_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n a_o merchant_n be_v indebt_v unto_o i_o by_o a_o bill_n obligatorie_n the_o sum_n of_o 800_o will_v payable_a at_o six_o month_n be_v persuade_v by_o a_o friend_n of_o his_o with_o who_o i_o have_v some_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o account_n to_o suffer_v a_o attachment_n to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o hand_n of_o the_o say_a money_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n upon_o promise_n make_v unto_o he_o that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o long_a day_n of_o payment_n for_o the_o say_a money_n whereupon_o my_o debtor_n appear_v to_o the_o say_a attachment_n and_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o say_a debt_n of_o 800_o will_v rely_v upon_o the_o long_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o that_o make_v the_o attachment_n do_v proceed_v in_o the_o law_n and_o have_v judgement_n thereupon_o make_v no_o doubt_n to_o obtain_v execution_n according_o be_v advise_v by_o learned_a council_n in_o london_n judgement_n attachment_n to_o be_v remove_v after_o judgement_n we_o suffer_v he_o so_o far_o to_o proceed_v and_o then_o we_o do_v speak_v in_o arrest_n of_o execution_n and_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o certiorare_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n put_v in_o special_a bail_n in_o london_n to_o satisfy_v the_o judgement_n the_o record_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o say_a court_n of_o king_n bench_n and_o there_o we_o do_v put_v in_o other_o bail_n and_o upon_o that_o bring_v a_o supersedias_fw-la into_o london_n and_o discharge_v our_o especial_a bail_n and_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a attachment_n and_o all_o proceed_n be_v make_v void_a and_o this_o merchant_n be_v take_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la and_o order_v to_o bring_v the_o money_n instant_o into_o the_o court_n whereas_o he_o have_v yet_o six_o month_n for_o the_o payment_n the_o interest_n whereof_o be_v 40_o will_v whereby_o the_o proverb_n take_v place_n fallere_fw-la fallentem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la fraus_fw-la here_o the_o law_n do_v prevail_v against_o custom_n but_o in_o another_o like_a matter_n of_o attachment_n custom_n have_v prevail_v against_o the_o law_n one_o be_v indebt_v unto_o another_o the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n payable_a at_o a_o certain_a time_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o creditor_n go_v over_o beyond_o the_o sea_n before_o the_o money_n be_v due_a the_o cautelous_a debtor_n upon_o untrue_a surmise_n to_o defraud_v the_o creditor_n make_v attachment_n of_o this_o money_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n and_o put_v in_o surety_n to_o be_v answerable_a for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o the_o court_n in_o which_o time_n the_o say_a creditor_n be_v to_o disreason_n the_o say_a pretend_a debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o ignorant_a of_o these_o proceed_n come_v over_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o the_o debtor_n have_v judgement_n upon_o the_o say_a attachment_n and_o execution_n award_v unto_o he_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o creditor_n be_v now_o come_v over_o demand_v his_o money_n the_o other_o deny_v to_o owe_v he_o any_o in_o brief_a the_o bill_n be_v put_v in_o suit_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o debtor_n do_v plead_v the_o say_a judgement_n and_o recovery_n in_o london_n and_o by_o that_o practice_n and_o fraudulent_a mean_n defeat_v his_o creditor_n and_o be_v do_v by_o law_n it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v no_o cozenage_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o star-chamber_n or_o other_o court_n only_o the_o party_n be_v a.k._n touch_v citizen_n or_o merchant_n arrest_v beyond_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o no_o officer_n may_v arrest_v after_o sun_n set_v set_v no_o arrest_n to_o be_v alter_v sun_n set_v such_o therefore_o as_o go_v abroad_o but_o at_o those_o time_n be_v say_v to_o fly_v with_o the_o owl_n by_o a_o common_a proverb_n and_o it_o be_v hope_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o the_o debtor_n may_v by_o have_v access_n at_o some_o time_n unto_o his_o creditor_n compound_v with_o he_o and_o preserve_v the_o good_a opinion_n and_o credit_n wherein_o he_o live_v and_o thereby_o not_o only_o have_v mean_n to_o recover_v himself_o but_o also_o be_v
plantation_n of_o people_n and_o new_a discovery_n 234_o 47_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n 241_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n 255_o 2_o of_o mine_n royal_a 259_o 3_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n 268_o 4_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n 272_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o 274_o 6_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n 279_o 7_o of_o the_o assay_n of_o bâ—llion_n and_o money_n 284_o 8_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n 291_o 9_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o â—iluer_n 307_o 10_o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n 235_o 11_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n 329_o 12_o of_o intolerable_a usury_n and_o lombard_n 337_o 13_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n 341_o 14_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n 345_o 15_o of_o usurious_a contract_n 349_o 16_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n 352_o 17_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n 354_o 18_o of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n annuity_n and_o pension_n 358_o 19_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n 360_o 20_o of_o merchant_n account_v keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 362_o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 378_o 2_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o par_fw-fr 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merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n 451_o 17_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v 460_o 18_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n 477_o 19_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n 491_o 20_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o staple_n 495_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n 499_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_z and_o the_o antiqvitie_n thereof_o chap._n i._n when_o almighty_a god_n have_v create_v man_n good_a and_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o can_v not_o so_o well_o live_v alone_o as_o other_o creature_n sufficient_o provide_v by_o nature_n for_o their_o sustenance_n and_o have_v reason_n assign_v and_o give_v unto_o he_o above_o all_o the_o say_a creature_n yet_o all_o the_o mean_n and_o faculty_n of_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n be_v not_o 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consist_v in_o virtuous_a action_n endeavour_v to_o make_v impression_n in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n of_o certain_a good_a law_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o with_o a_o reference_n of_o they_o to_o the_o first_o law_n engraft_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o divine_a light_n which_o be_v infuse_v in_o he_o to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n the_o good_a and_o evil_a synderisis_z call_v by_o the_o grecian_n synderisis_z and_o according_o to_o receive_v reward_n or_o punishment_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o better_a part_n of_o inform_v and_o guide_v the_o thought_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n to_o a_o supernatural_a end_n that_o as_o surpass_v the_o compass_n of_o that_o low_a sphere_n wherein_o i_o now_o move_v must_v be_v leave_v untouched_a by_o i_o who_o here_o take_v for_o my_o object_n not_o the_o spiritual_a but_o the_o civil_a life_n of_o man_n and_o the_o mean_n thereto_o conduce_v touch_v therefore_o the_o external_a part_n the_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n among_o man_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n continue_v both_o in_o labour_v and_o manure_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n in_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n as_o in_o the_o immediate_a child_n of_o our_o first_o father_n adam_n and_o in_o plant_v vine_n and_o make_v a_o extract_n of_o the_o ivyce_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o as_o noah_n which_o riches_n in_o matter_n and_o foundation_n natural_a and_o partly_o also_o in_o alteration_n and_o manage_v artificial_o every_o possessor_n not_o long_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n several_o enjoy_v in_o property_n and_o hence_o do_v proceed_v a_o commerce_n first_o in_o real_a interchange_n and_o communication_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o or_o other_o kind_n but_o all_o natural_a commodity_n as_o sheep_n for_o sheep_n sheep_n for_o corn_n wine_n for_o oil_n etc._n etc._n between_o man_n and_o man_n or_o nation_n and_o nation_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o after_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o a_o common_a pignus_fw-la currant_n mutual_a which_o we_o call_v money_n both_o by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v gen._n gen._n the_o most_o ancient_a evidence_n hereof_o be_v abraham_n purchase_v for_o money_n a_o field_n for_o burial_n the_o observation_n and_o custom_n whereof_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o that_o especial_o when_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v into_o a_o infinite_a number_n and_o the_o domestic_n or_o near_a hand_n commodity_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o their_o sustenance_n in_o some_o country_n and_o in_o other_o country_n be_v over_o abundant_a then_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o use_n of_o trust_v exchange_v and_o trade_v first_o on_o the_o land_n in_o the_o main_a continent_n and_o then_o extensive_o upon_o the_o sea_n both_o for_o fish_v and_o negotiation_n then_o do_v merchant_n travel_v from_o country_n to_o country_n so_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n 37.27_o gen_n 37.27_o do_v the_o merchant_n madianit_n in_o their_o journey_n meet_v with_o the_o child_n of_o jacob_n and_o then_o joseph_n be_v carry_v by_o their_o mean_n into_o egypt_n and_o sell_v to_o potipher_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o family_n and_o then_o it_o be_v and_o prove_v to_o be_v true_a which_o experience_n have_v confirm_v that_o vita_fw-la ciculis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la law_n the_o law-merchant_n a_o most_o ancient_a law_n societas_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n merchant_n may_v well_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o humane_a law_n and_o more_o ancient_a than_o any_o write_a law_n the_o very_a moral_a law_n itself_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n be_v long_o after_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o be_v daily_o augment_v successive_o upon_o new_a
of_o debt_n herein_o we_o may_v consider_v a_o necessity_n to_o give_v blank_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o master_n credit_v requisite_a but_o also_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o find_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v chap._n xv._o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v or_o conveyance_n etc._n a_o definition_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n etc._n etc._n a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v a_o act_n public_o do_v before_o a_o notary_n or_o scrivener_n whereby_o one_o man_n give_v power_n and_o authority_n of_o himself_o unto_o another_o man_n by_o way_n of_o deputation_n to_o do_v execute_v and_o perform_v for_o he_o any_o lawful_a thing_n which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o constituant_fw-la might_n or_o may_v aswell_o present_a as_o absent_a do_v conclude_v and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o politic_a with_o power_n also_o to_o substitute_n one_o or_o more_o person_n to_o do_v the_o same_o under_o he_o in_o the_o say_v first_o constituant_n name_n and_o to_o swear_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o he_o if_o cause_n so_o require_v albeit_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o substance_n which_o must_v be_v observe_v they_o be_v call_v beyond_o the_o sea_n procuration_n to_o procure_v or_o effect_v that_o which_o a_o man_n will_v have_v common_o in_o a_o other_o place_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o authority_n for_o law_n cause_n they_o go_v one_o degree_n further_o than_o letter_n of_o credit_n because_o the_o law_n do_v require_v the_o same_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o authority_n or_o power_n of_o the_o party_n constitute_v may_v public_o appear_v wherein_o a_o letter_n missive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a as_o the_o same_o be_v in_o thing_n concern_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o negotiation_n and_o deal_n between_o merchant_n which_o by_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v of_o great_a validity_n procuration_n general_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n contain_v the_o word_n irrevocable_a irrevocable_a pâ—ocurations_n irrevocable_a imply_v that_o power_n give_v shall_v endure_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o it_o be_v take_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o word_n be_v use_v pro_fw-la forma_fw-la and_o a_o procuration_n or_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v revocable_a at_o all_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v contain_v a_o transport_v of_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v convey_v thereby_o as_o if_o a_o man_n do_v constitute_v another_o for_o the_o recouver_n of_o certain_a money_n for_o the_o party_n own_o proper_a use_n without_o account_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o and_o the_o say_a party_n have_v recover_v the_o say_a money_n by_o virtue_n of_o it_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n can_v be_v revoke_v to_o any_o purpose_n the_o effect_n be_v full_o perform_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o procurator_n in_o law_n to_o follow_v a_o cause_n for_o you_o in_o law_n although_o the_o same_o be_v make_v irrevocable_a yet_o upon_o good_a cause_n you_o may_v revoke_v the_o same_o and_o appoint_v another_o to_o follow_v the_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v common_o do_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o court_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v consist_v or_o depend_v and_o because_o the_o intimation_n and_o citation_n be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v the_o nomination_n of_o some_o place_n as_o it_o be_v to_o choose_v a_o domicilium_fw-la must_v be_v do_v power_n procuration_n with_o a_o limit_a power_n but_o the_o power_n may_v be_v limit_v a_o attorney_n may_v have_v authority_n to_o convict_v a_o man_n by_o law_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o money_n or_o good_n and_o to_o proceed_v to_o execution_n by_o imprison_v of_o the_o debtor_n yet_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o release_v he_o out_o of_o prison_n without_o further_a authority_n so_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o good_n or_o money_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v to_o use_v his_o discretion_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v a_o merchant_n may_v also_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o notary_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o make_v any_o insinuation_n or_o intimation_n or_o protest_v against_o any_o other_o merchant_n there_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o all_o occasion_n or_o occurrence_n concern_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n for_o a_o procuration_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o validity_n that_o the_o party_n who_o have_v the_o same_o and_o be_v the_o procurator_n be_v take_v in_o law_n as_o absolute_a as_o the_o constituant_fw-la and_o many_o sundry_a proceed_n may_v be_v use_v against_o he_o according_o by_o citation_n intimation_n protest_v recovery_n of_o good_n deliver_v former_o and_o recall_v back_o again_o or_o the_o value_n thereof_o upon_o any_o attachment_n or_o sequestration_n which_o can_v be_v do_v against_o a_o man_n factor_n or_o servant_n procurator_n a_o caveat_n for_o procurator_n therefore_o they_o that_o have_v procuration_n be_v to_o be_v careful_a of_o the_o dispossess_v of_o themselves_o of_o any_o good_n or_o money_n receive_v to_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o law_n which_o happen_v common_o of_o good_n take_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o sequester_v in_o any_o harbour_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n the_o civilians_n entreat_v of_o procuration_n or_o constitution_n under_o titulas_fw-la mandati_fw-la have_v well_o observe_v mandata_fw-la the_o original_n of_o mandata_fw-la that_o commandment_n have_v their_o original_n from_o friendship_n or_o out_o of_o authority_n of_o office_n and_o place_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v diligent_o to_o be_v execute_v and_o keep_v and_o hereupon_o they_o have_v also_o note_v diverse_a question_n and_o proposition_n nos_fw-la igitur_fw-la pauca_fw-la tractabimus_fw-la adrem_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la agitur_fw-la pertinentia_fw-la a.b._n will_v c.d._n his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v unto_o e._n â—_o one_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o do_v owe_v he_o c.d._n do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a money_n but_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o queritur_fw-la whether_o c.d._n have_v perform_v the_o commission_n or_o commandment_n give_v he_o and_o whether_o he_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n as_o also_o whether_o this_o order_n or_o commission_n can_v be_v revoke_v a.b._n owe_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o e.f._n herein_o c.d._n have_v not_o perform_v his_o commission_n which_o be_v to_o pay_v and_o not_o to_o promise_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v revoke_v and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v entire_a and_o all_o entire_a commission_n be_v revocable_a mandatum_fw-la enim_fw-la re_fw-la integra_fw-la revocari_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o si_fw-la stipulatio_fw-la promissiove_n interuenerit_fw-la cum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la mandaverim_fw-la for_o if_o c.d._n shall_v break_v or_o become_v insoluent_a e.f._n will_v come_v to_o a.b._n his_o debtor_n to_o have_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o say_a money_n and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n owe_v unto_o a.b._n but_o if_o e.f._n have_v take_v his_o promise_n for_o payment_n then_o upon_o proof_n make_v of_o it_o the_o case_n be_v clear_a it_o be_v a_o question_n also_o whether_o a_o procurator_n have_v commission_n to_o receive_v money_n which_o be_v owe_v or_o lend_v and_o to_o give_v a_o acquittance_n for_o the_o same_o and_o receive_v the_o money_n without_o make_v a_o acquittance_n have_v perform_v his_o commission_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o have_v not_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o he_o make_v no_o acquittance_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la confessio_fw-la aliud_fw-la numeratio_fw-la albeit_o the_o acquittance_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o procurator_n but_o the_o party_n who_o repay_v the_o money_n another_o case_n they_o handle_v at_o large_a bartholomew_n do_v make_v and_o constitute_v nicholas_n to_o be_v his_o procurator_n or_o agent_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o he_o the_o constituant_fw-la to_o be_v answerable_a for_o the_o price_n and_o total_a sum_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o withal_o give_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n unto_o the_o say_a nicholas_n that_o his_o procuration_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o available_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o honest_a person_n gerome_n john_n and_o angel_n of_o who_o the_o say_v constituant_fw-la have_v his_o commission_n and_o that_o they_o also_o together_o and_o apart_o insolidum_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o performance_n and_o himself_o also_o nicholas_n the_o procurator_n by_o the_o commission_n of_o jerome_n john_n and_o angel_n as_o also_o
it_o be_v whereby_o other_o nation_n have_v still_o a_o advantage_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n such_o be_v the_o sincerity_n and_o candour_n animi_fw-la among_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o plain_a deal_v concern_v the_o say_a billâ—_n obligatorie_n between_o man_n and_o man_n that_o no_o man_n dare_v presume_v to_o question_v his_o own_o hand_n for_o if_o he_o be_v stain_v therewith_o he_o be_v not_o only_o utter_o discredit_v but_o also_o detest_v of_o all_o merchant_n the_o form_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v as_o follow_v only_o mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la form_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n i_o a._n b._n merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n do_v acknowledge_v by_o these_o present_n to_o be_v true_o indebt_v to_o the_o honest_a c._n d._n english_a merchant_n dwell_v at_o middleborough_n in_o the_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n which_o be_v for_o commodity_n receive_v of_o he_o to_o my_o contentment_n which_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o do_v promise_n to_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_a c.d._n or_o the_o bringer_n hereof_o within_o six_o month_n next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n in_o witness_n whereof_o i_o have_v subscribe_v the_o same_o at_o amsterdam_n the_o 10_o of_o julie_n 1622_o stilo_fw-it novo_fw-la a.b._n in_o the_o east_n country_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o will_v put_v a_o seal_n to_o it_o and_o then_o the_o word_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v go_v together_o but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o delivery_n or_o deed_n for_o that_o be_v understand_v of_o course_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o for_o want_v of_o payment_n the_o bill_n be_v put_v in_o suit_n and_o the_o party_n adiourn_v or_o cite_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n the_o judge_n make_v no_o doubt_n of_o any_o such_o matter_n will_v instant_o say_v to_o he_o my_o friend_n what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o you_o have_v not_o pay_v this_o your_o bill_n to_o c._n d_o for_o to_o deliver_v a_o write_n or_o a_o bill_n as_o a_o civilians_n a_o call_v apocha_n or_o apodissa_n by_o the_o civilians_n escroll_n as_o we_o say_v at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unknown_a unto_o all_o merchant_n there_o and_o the_o bringer_n of_o the_o bill_n call_v with_o we_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o without_o any_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o other_o warrant_n obligatoâ—ie_v especial_a note_n concering_n bill_n obligatoâ—ie_v the_o civilâ—_n law_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v require_v that_o the_o bill_n shall_v declare_v for_o what_o the_o debt_n grow_v either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o lawful_a consideration_n the_o word_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n be_v because_o that_o merchant_n for_o diverse_a respect_n tolerate_v common_o the_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n than_o they_o be_v value_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n and_o when_o the_o bill_n mention_v money_n it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v money_n at_o deposito_fw-la or_o interest_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o interest_n must_v be_v join_v with_o the_o principal_a sum_n without_o any_o specification_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v or_o distinguish_v because_o the_o debtor_n shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o his_o best_a opportunity_n and_o pleasure_n as_o may_v thereupon_o be_v do_v for_o money_n let_v for_o loan_n retain_v still_o the_o principal_a in_o his_o hand_n and_o pay_v the_o interest_n from_o time_n to_o time_n quarterly_a or_o half_a yearly_a for_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o accustom_a that_o although_o one_o hundred_v pound_n be_v take_v up_o for_o one_o whole_a year_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o the_o debtor_n or_o taker_n up_o of_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o same_o at_o three_o month_n if_o he_o will_v pay_v one_o hundred_v and_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n unless_o the_o bill_n make_v for_o the_o same_o be_v make_v paiable_a at_o a_o time_n limit_v with_o a_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n poena_n canonica_n which_o with_o we_o in_o england_n be_v do_v upon_o a_o bond_n with_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o half_a or_o double_a the_o sum_n of_o the_o principal_a wherewith_o the_o interest_n be_v also_o join_v without_o distinction_n which_o may_v not_o exceed_v the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n in_o the_o computation_n whereof_o diverse_a thing_n be_v to_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o now_o if_o a_o bill_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v do_v by_o two_o three_o or_o more_o person_n as_o have_v buy_v a_o commodity_n as_o partner_n together_o or_o take_v up_o money_n together_o at_o interest_n wherein_o they_o bound_v themselves_o all_o as_o principal_a party_n or_o debtor_n yet_o every_o man_n be_v but_o bind_v to_o pay_v his_o part_n obligatorie_n subscription_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n the_o like_a be_v if_o one_o be_v bind_v and_o two_o or_o more_o do_v put_v their_o hand_n and_o seal_v and_o underwrite_a and_o seal_v the_o say_a bill_n as_o principal_n yet_o pay_v their_o proportionable_a part_n they_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n but_o if_o they_o do_v simple_o subscribe_v and_o say_v we_o be_v surety_n than_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v for_o the_o whole_a as_o if_o the_o word_n we_o or_o either_o of_o we_o in_o solidum_fw-la be_v express_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o all_o notariall_a writing_n only_o use_v upon_o questionable_a matter_n decide_v or_o to_o be_v decide_v they_o do_v not_o only_o bind_v the_o party_n with_o these_o word_n but_o they_o do_v also_o make_v a_o declaration_n of_o all_o renuntiation_n of_o privilege_n be_v 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do_v pay_v for_o it_o factor_n therefore_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o follow_v the_o commission_n give_v they_o very_o orderly_o and_o punctual_o and_o because_o merchant_n be_v not_o able_a to_o prescribe_v every_o thing_n so_o exact_o unto_o their_o factor_n as_o be_v convenient_a it_o behoove_v they_o to_o make_v good_a choice_n of_o the_o person_n which_o they_o do_v employ_v for_o their_o welfare_n depend_v upon_o traffic_n otherwise_o the_o factor_n grow_v rich_a and_o the_o merchant_n poor_a because_o his_o gain_n of_o factoridge_n be_v certain_a howsoever_o the_o success_n of_o merchant_n employment_n do_v prove_v but_o have_v a_o good_a factor_n which_o word_n good_a impli_v all_o and_o more_o than_o a_o honest_a factor_n who_o may_v be_v honest_a and_o nevertheless_o simple_a in_o his_o proceed_n and_o other_o also_o may_v be_v wise_a and_o not_o honest_a this_o good_a factor_n therefore_o may_v be_v trust_v addition_n ample_n commission_n with_o a_o addition_n and_o 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upon_o every_o man_n account_n sold._n commodity_n buy_v and_o sold._n according_a to_o the_o sum_n that_o every_o man_n parcel_n do_v amount_v unto_o until_o all_o be_v pay_v and_o if_o any_o loss_n do_v happen_v or_o that_o all_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a loss_n be_v to_o be_v distribute_v upon_o every_o man_n account_n according_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v afterward_o more_o good_n to_o the_o say_a man_n or_o any_o other_o who_o be_v already_o indebt_v for_o other_o commodity_n former_o buy_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v it_o for_o his_o own_o account_n or_o other_o man_n account_n and_o in_o the_o interim_n receive_v some_o more_o money_n in_o part_n of_o payment_n and_o account_n between_o they_o then_o be_v the_o say_a factor_n to_o distribute_v the_o say_a money_n as_o before_o until_o the_o say_v old_a and_o precedent_a debt_n be_v first_o pay_v unless_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o controversy_n for_o they_o or_o that_o the_o payment_n be_v endorse_v upon_o the_o bill_n make_v 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man_n certain_a good_n of_o another_o man_n account_n either_o by_o itself_o or_o among_o other_o parcel_n and_o this_o factor_n give_v not_o advice_n to_o the_o owner_n or_o proprietary_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o say_a good_n but_o afterward_o have_v have_v more_o deal_n with_o that_o man_n in_o sell_v of_o good_n and_o receive_v of_o money_n this_o man_n become_v insoluent_a the_o factor_n be_v to_o make_v good_a that_o debt_n for_o the_o say_v good_n so_o sell_v because_o he_o give_v no_o advice_n to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o say_a good_n at_o convenient_a time_n even_o as_o if_o he_o have_v sell_v those_o good_n unto_o a_o man_n contrary_n to_o the_o commission_n give_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o salary_n of_o factoridge_n bind_v he_o thereunto_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o order_n or_o commission_n of_o a_o merchant_n do_v buy_v any_o commodity_n above_o the_o price_n limit_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o that_o they_o be_v not_o of_o that_o sort_n goodness_n or_o kind_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v this_o factor_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o the_o merchant_n may_v disclaim_v the_o buy_n of_o they_o the_o like_a he_o may_v do_v if_o the_o factor_n have_v buy_v a_o commodity_n according_a to_o his_o commission_n do_v ship_n the_o same_o for_o another_o place_n than_o he_o have_v commission_n to_o do_v if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v a_o commodity_n under_o the_o price_n limit_v unto_o he_o he_o be_v to_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n or_o difference_n of_o the_o price_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o his_o do_v so_o wherein_o he_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o merchant_n for_o who_o he_o deal_v as_o be_v before_o note_v if_o a_o factor_n buy_v commodity_n according_a to_o his_o commission_n and_o afterward_o the_o price_n of_o they_o rise_v and_o thereupon_o fraudulent_o he_o lade_v they_o for_o another_o place_n contrary_a to_o his_o commission_n to_o take_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o in_o this_o case_n the_o merchant_n shall_v recover_v damage_n against_o the_o factor_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n upon_o proof_n make_v thereof_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o merchant_n do_v buy_v a_o commodity_n for_o that_o merchant_n account_n with_o the_o say_v merchant_n money_n or_o by_o his_o credit_n and_o the_o factor_n give_v no_o advice_n of_o the_o buy_n of_o it_o to_o the_o say_a merchant_n but_o do_v sell_v the_o same_o again_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n and_o gain_v the_o merchant_n shall_v recover_v this_o benefit_n of_o the_o say_a factor_n by_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o shall_v be_v moreover_o amerce_v for_o
his_o fraud_n if_o the_o factor_n do_v sell_v another_o man_n commodity_n to_o a_o man_n discredit_v who_o can_v usual_o as_o before_o buy_v commodity_n at_o the_o ordinary_a price_n as_o other_o man_n and_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o this_o man_n break_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v for_o the_o say_v good_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v they_o be_v worth_a unless_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o party_n weak_a estate_n and_o credit_n or_o that_o he_o sell_v he_o good_n of_o his_o own_o account_n also_o which_o argue_v plain_a deal_n or_o that_o he_o have_v commission_n of_o the_o other_o man_n to_o deal_v for_o he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o proper_a good_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n he_o can_v barter_v any_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n for_o other_o commodity_n batter_v batter_v but_o he_o must_v have_v express_a commission_n and_o order_n for_o it_o from_o the_o merchant_n neither_o can_v he_o transfer_v or_o set_v over_o any_o bill_n obligatorie_n in_o nature_n before_o declare_v debt_n bill_n of_o debt_n for_o albeit_o this_o manner_n of_o commission_n give_v to_o factor_n be_v very_o large_a yet_o it_o contain_v certain_a restriction_n and_o limitation_n in_o every_o merchant_n understanding_n if_o a_o factor_n shall_v by_o a_o false_a entry_n in_o the_o custom_n house_n either_o unaware_o or_o of_o purpose_n custom_n custom_n conceal_v part_n of_o the_o custom_n without_o consent_n or_o privity_n of_o the_o merchant_n whereby_o the_o good_n become_v forfeit_v to_o the_o prince_n the_o say_a factor_n shall_v bear_v the_o loss_n of_o they_o and_o answer_v the_o value_n thereof_o unto_o the_o merchant_n as_o they_o do_v cost_v if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n to_o be_v transport_v or_o as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v sell_v if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n to_o be_v import_v if_o a_o factor_n or_o merchant_n do_v colour_n the_o good_n of_o merchant_n stranger_n in_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n although_o 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in_o no_o fault_n howbeit_o he_o ought_v to_o give_v advice_n unto_o the_o merchant_n what_o commodity_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n which_o be_v absolute_a governor_n in_o their_o haven_n harbour_n port_n or_o creek_n money_n money_n if_o a_o factor_n commit_v any_o unlawful_a act_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o merchant_n be_v it_o for_o the_o transportation_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o and_o if_o it_o happen_v thereupon_o that_o the_o same_o be_v take_v the_o merchant_n bear_v the_o loss_n and_o yet_o the_o factor_n be_v subject_a to_o pay_v treble_a damage_n by_o the_o law_n if_o it_o be_v follow_v within_o the_o year_n or_o may_v be_v fine_v for_o the_o same_o in_o the_o starchamber_n although_o it_o be_v many_o year_n after_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v pay_v money_n for_o a_o merchant_n without_o commission_n to_o another_o man_n it_o be_v at_o his_o peril_n to_o answer_v for_o it_o and_o if_o he_o deliver_v other_o man_n money_n at_o interest_n and_o take_v more_o than_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n whereby_o the_o say_a statute_n against_o usury_n take_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o the_o money_n be_v lose_v the_o say_a factor_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v therewith_o and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o money_n unto_o the_o merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v receive_v other_o man_n good_n or_o money_n into_o his_o custody_n be_v rob_v of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o money_n he_o be_v to_o bear_v the_o loss_n good_n lose_a good_n and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n but_o not_o in_o case_n where_o the_o unmerciful_a element_n of_o fire_n and_o water_n shall_v destroy_v the_o say_a good_n or_o money_n or_o where_o a_o town_n be_v sack_v or_o peel_v which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o owner_n or_o proprietary_n of_o the_o same_o if_o a_o factor_n buy_v a_o commodity_n commodity_n damnify_v commodity_n which_o afterward_o become_v damnify_v by_o some_o accident_n or_o casualty_n whereby_o the_o merchant_n for_o who_o account_n he_o buy_v the_o same_o become_v a_o loose_a that_o factor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v with_o any_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o if_o the_o commodity_n be_v damnify_v before_o than_o he_o be_v to_o bear_v some_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n although_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v know_v afterward_o a_o factor_n buy_v for_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n one_o hundred_o ton_n of_o allome_n which_o come_v from_o civita_n vecchia_n lade_v with_o some_o candia_n oil_n whereof_o some_o part_n be_v spill_v upon_o the_o say_a allome_n afterward_o the_o same_o be_v mingle_v together_o be_v sell_v and_o transport_v to_o amsterdam_n and_o there_o sell_v to_o the_o dyer_n of_o harlem_n amsterdam_n and_o rotterdam_n who_o use_v the_o same_o find_v their_o cloth_n stain_v in_o diverse_a place_n for_o where_o the_o oil_n touch_v there_o the_o colour_n can_v not_o take_v so_o that_o they_o become_v great_a loser_n as_o appear_v by_o diverse_a testimonial_n the_o factor_n do_v thereupon_o demand_v reparation_n of_o damage_n of_o he_o who_o sell_v he_o the_o allome_a and_o the_o merchant_n do_v the_o like_a of_o the_o factor_n for_o there_o be_v above_o 300_o will_v lost_n whereupon_o the_o matter_n be_v much_o debate_v among_o merchant_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o do_v deliver_v their_o parece_a or_o opinion_n in_o writing_n merchant_n the_o parece_a of_o merchant_n and_o be_v find_v that_o the_o factor_n have_v knowledge_n that_o some_o oil_n have_v be_v spill_v upon_o the_o allome_a and_o nevertheless_o buy_v the_o same_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o merchant_n to_o pay_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o say_a loss_n and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v bear_v between_o the_o dyer_n and_o the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o he_o that_o sell_v the_o allome_n be_v 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of_o antuerp_n the_o factor_n in_o this_o case_n rechange_v exchange_n and_o rechange_v do_v accept_v from_o time_n to_o time_n many_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o pay_v they_o according_o and_o take_v up_o the_o money_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o e.f._n of_o amsterdam_n for_o spain_n and_o other_o place_n and_o so_o continue_v the_o same_o for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o way_n of_o rechange_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o upon_o the_o say_a credit_n of_o a.b._n of_o london_n at_o last_o this_o factor_n c.d._n become_v suspicious_a because_o of_o this_o long_a continuance_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v and_o write_v unto_o the_o say_v a.b._n of_o london_n to_o know_v whether_o he_o be_v content_v to_o continue_v his_o former_a credit_n by_o he_o give_v to_o e._n f._n of_o amsterdam_n a._n b._n continue_v the_o same_o but_o with_o a_o limitation_n to_o a_o certain_a sum_n credit_n limitation_n of_o letter_n of_o credit_n not_o know_v what_o sum_n of_o money_n the_o 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to_o his_o best_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n although_o it_o be_v find_v contrary_a to_o the_o merchant_n intention_n the_o factor_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v and_o the_o merchant_n be_v to_o save_v he_o harmless_a for_o the_o principal_a with_o exchange_n rechange_v and_o all_o charge_n of_o factoridge_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v make_v over_o money_n for_o another_o man_n account_n by_o exchange_n unto_o another_o man_n or_o merchant_n before_o he_o have_v notice_n that_o this_o merchant_n be_v break_v and_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o due_a this_o factor_n have_v authority_n to_o countermand_v the_o payment_n of_o this_o money_n although_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v direct_v have_v accept_v the_o same_o and_o if_o the_o say_a party_n shall_v pay_v the_o same_o before_o it_o be_v due_a he_o be_v to_o repay_v the_o same_o again_o to_o the_o say_a factor_n as_o have_v pay_v it_o in_o his_o own_o wrong_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v freight_v a_o ship_n for_o some_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v ship_n freight_v of_o ship_n go_v and_o come_v for_o a_o merchant_n account_n and_o by_o his_o commission_n or_o order_n whereof_o a_o charter_n party_n of_o fraightment_n be_v make_v by_o indenture_n between_o he_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n this_o factor_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o performance_n thereof_o and_o to_o pay_v the_o freight_n and_o all_o thing_n according_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v only_o freight_v outward_o and_o the_o factor_n lade_v the_o same_o with_o some_o good_n than_o these_o good_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o freight_n and_o the_o master_n can_v demand_v nothing_o of_o the_o factor_n by_o the_o charterpartie_n but_o must_v look_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o party_n that_o receive_v the_o good_n according_a to_o the_o bill_n of_o lade_n whereby_o it_o be_v condition_v lade_n bill_n of_o lade_n that_o the_o freight_n shall_v be_v pay_v upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v freight_v to_o go_v to_o diverse_a part_n as_o it_o be_v bind_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o and_o to_o be_v free_a in_o the_o last_o place_n of_o his_o discharge_n for_o the_o master_n must_v still_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o be_v secure_v by_o good_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o express_a condition_n make_v in_o the_o charterpartie_n to_o the_o contrary_a or_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v freight_v by_o the_o great_a for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v by_o a_o agreement_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v freight_v a_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n or_o for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v to_o unlade_v there_o be_v no_o good_n to_o relade_v the_o same_o or_o there_o want_v money_n for_o the_o lade_n thereof_o if_o the_o master_n do_v not_o stay_v out_o all_o his_o day_n of_o demourer_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o charterpartie_n of_o fraightment_n lade_v protest_v for_o not_o lade_v and_o make_v a_o protest_n against_o the_o party_n that_o he_o be_v consign_v unto_o to_o give_v he_o his_o lade_n within_o that_o time_n but_o come_v away_o before_o that_o time_n be_v expire_v and_o although_o he_o make_v a_o protest_n for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o lade_v yet_o the_o factor_n be_v to_o pay_v he_o no_o freight_n at_o all_o unless_o for_o the_o freight_n outward_o it_o be_v condition_v by_o the_o charterpartie_n but_o if_o the_o master_n do_v stay_v out_o his_o time_n than_o the_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o freight_n although_o the_o master_n have_v lade_v his_o ship_n with_o salt_n for_o his_o own_o account_n for_o if_o the_o say_a ship_n have_v be_v lade_v only_o with_o salt_n by_o the_o merchant_n which_o it_o may_v be_v will_v not_o pay_v half_o the_o freight_n yet_o the_o factor_n or_o merchant_n may_v at_o their_o pleasure_n abandon_v the_o same_o to_o the_o master_n for_o his_o freight_n freight_n good_n to_o be_v abandon_v for_o the_o freight_n and_o the_o master_n can_v demand_v no_o more_o of_o the_o factor_n by_o the_o charterpartie_n but_o if_o the_o master_n do_v take_v in_o salt_n and_o lade_v his_o ship_n by_o his_o own_o mean_n before_o the_o day_n of_o demourer_n be_v expire_v and_o that_o by_o some_o condition_n make_v with_o the_o factor_n he_o may_v claim_v freight_v then_o the_o factor_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o salt_n in_o defalcation_n of_o the_o say_a freight_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v freight_v a_o ship_n for_o a_o merchant_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a ship_n be_v take_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n for_o some_o few_o day_n within_o the_o time_n agree_v upon_o for_o the_o lade_n and_o hereupon_o the_o merchant_n disclaim_v the_o freight_a of_o the_o say_a ship_n albeit_o the_o factor_n do_v proceed_v to_o lade_v the_o same_o in_o this_o case_n the_o factor_n be_v not_o to_o bear_v any_o loss_n but_o what_o damage_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o the_o master_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o save_v the_o factor_n harmless_a of_o it_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v hire_v a_o ship_n by_o the_o month_n for_o another_o merchant_n or_o for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o lade_v the_o same_o be_v ready_a to_o depart_v afterward_o the_o king_n make_v a_o general_a embargo_fw-mi or_o restraint_n upon_o all_o ship_n for_o a_o time_n the_o master_n can_v demand_v any_o freight_n of_o the_o factor_n for_o and_o during_o the_o say_a time_n of_o arrest_n and_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v unlade_v again_o and_o employ_v in_o the_o king_n service_n the_o factor_n be_v free_a of_o all_o agreement_n or_o covenant_n with_o the_o master_n freighting_a money_o give_v for_o freighting_a if_o a_o factor_n do_v receive_v
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v for_o some_o 1200_o will_v which_o he_o have_v receive_v if_o the_o good_n have_v not_o be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o the_o say_a factor_n take_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o composition_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o experience_a merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n by_o error_n of_o account_n do_v wrong_a unto_o a_o merchant_n account_n account_n he_o be_v to_o amend_v and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o not_o only_o for_o the_o principal_a but_o also_o with_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o factor_n for_o his_o own_o wrong_n have_v forget_v to_o charge_v the_o merchant_n account_n with_o some_o parcel_n pay_v out_o for_o he_o or_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o with_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n in_o these_o precedent_a observation_n be_v comprise_v all_o other_o case_n of_o difference_n which_o may_v happen_v between_o factor_n and_o merchant_n cahp._n xvii_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n the_o beginning_n must_v be_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n law_n rhodian_a law_n situate_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n who_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o ship_v and_o sail_v as_o strabo_n have_v write_v and_o surpass_v all_o nation_n in_o knowledge_n of_o equity_n in_o maritime_a cause_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v for_o above_o one_o thousand_o year_n only_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n call_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o augment_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o last_o as_o some_o have_v record_v when_o all_o sort_n of_o law_n by_o the_o eversion_n and_o lacerate_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bury_v the_o ruler_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1075_o make_v new_a sea_n law_n and_o statute_n and_o so_o do_v every_o chief_a seafaring_a town_n upon_o the_o say_a mediterranean_a coast_n add_v thereunto_o other_o ordinance_n so_o do_v they_o of_o marseilles_n in_o the_o year_n 1162_o genoa_n in_o the_o year_n 1186_o they_o of_o peloponessus_n call_v morea_n in_o the_o year_n 1200_o the_o venetian_n in_o the_o year_n 1262_o constantine_n 1270_o james_n king_n of_o arragon_n the_o say_a year_n peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n 1340_o and_o they_o of_o barselona_n 1434_o which_o law_n be_v collect_v and_o extant_a until_o this_o day_n but_o on_o the_o great_a ocean_n sea_n oleron_n the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o first_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o oleron_n situate_a on_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o france_n near_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n against_o the_o river_n of_o charante_n which_o be_v call_v le_fw-fr roll_n d'_fw-fr oleron_n by_o which_o the_o controversy_n on_o that_o coast_n be_v determine_v and_o the_o say_a law_n be_v afterward_o disperse_v and_o bring_v in_o use_n in_o england_n and_o the_o low_a country_n whereupon_o diverse_a statute_n both_o in_o england_n and_o scotland_n have_v be_v enact_v for_o seafaring_a business_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n diverse_a ordinance_n in_o the_o low_a country_n especial_o since_o their_o fish_n trade_n begin_v edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n cause_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o diverse_a man_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o maritime_a cause_n diverse_a article_n to_o be_v set_v down_o france_n admiralty_n court_n in_o france_n and_o these_o be_v enroll_v and_o obey_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o admiral_n court_n and_o the_o french_a king_n john_n make_v his_o contract_n with_o king_n edward_z according_o concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o by_o the_o record_n extant_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o i_o have_v see_v they_o may_v appear_v francis_n the_o french_a king_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o of_o france_n have_v make_v some_o statute_n law_n concern_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o all_o
and_o rechange_n for_o it_o after_o a_o great_a rate_n and_o nevertheless_o they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v pepper_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n at_o a_o certain_a rate_n agree_v upon_o between_o they_o fleet._n money_n payable_a at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o fleet._n or_o else_o in_o ready_a money_n payable_a also_o at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a west-indies_n fleet_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o silver_n bullion_n or_o royal_n of_o eight_o rather_o admit_v a_o clause_n that_o if_o the_o treasure_n do_v miscarry_v they_o shall_v have_v their_o money_n repay_v within_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o interest_n of_o 7_o ê‘_n 100_o unless_o it_o be_v they_o agree_v for_o the_o pepper_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o many_o year_n to_o be_v take_v at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n they_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o lord_n foulker_n of_o germany_n do_v contract_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o with_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n whereby_o they_o become_v loser_n by_o the_o take_n of_o the_o great_a carrack_n the_o mother_n of_o god_n at_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o year_n follow_v now_o because_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o bank_n and_o the_o payment_n of_o banker_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o entreat_v thereof_o before_o any_o further_o proceed_v to_o the_o end_n this_o matter_n may_v be_v understand_v of_o every_o merchant_n and_o other_o chap._n xx._n of_o bank_n and_o banker_n a_o bank_n be_v proper_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n of_o some_o kingdom_n bank_n the_o description_n of_o a_o bank_n commonwealth_n or_o province_n as_o also_o of_o a_o particular_a city_n or_o town_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o person_n license_v and_o establish_v thereunto_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o some_o king_n prince_z or_o commonwealth_n erect_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o city_n commonwealth_n or_o kingdom_n with_o a_o intimation_n thereof_o make_v diverse_a time_n to_o be_v upon_o such_o a_o day_n in_o the_o open_a market_n place_n where_o a_o scaffold_n be_v purposely_o erect_v with_o a_o ostentation_n of_o great_a store_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n suppose_v to_o belong_v to_o these_o person_n or_o banker_n so_o establish_v which_o be_v unto_o they_o a_o attractive_a power_n to_o persuade_v and_o allure_v the_o common_a people_n to_o bring_v their_o money_n into_o these_o banker_n hand_n where_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v command_v it_o and_o have_v it_o again_o at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n with_o allow_v they_o only_o a_o small_a matter_n of_o five_o upon_o every_o thousand_o ducat_n or_o crown_n when_o any_o man_n will_v retire_v or_o draw_v his_o money_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n again_o which_o although_o it_o be_v but_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o during_o all_o that_o time_n they_o be_v to_o have_v no_o more_o so_o that_o these_o person_n or_o banker_n do_v become_v as_o it_o be_v the_o general_a servant_n or_o cashier_v of_o that_o province_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n these_o banker_n as_o they_o have_v their_o company_n factor_n or_o correspondence_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trade_n in_o europe_n so_o must_v they_o also_o keep_v account_n with_o every_o man_n of_o who_o they_o have_v receive_v any_o money_n into_o their_o bank_n out_o of_o which_o number_n no_o man_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v almost_o exempt_v but_o general_o all_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o please_v they_o and_o to_o bring_v their_o ready_a money_n into_o their_o bank_n as_o also_o such_o money_n as_o they_o have_v in_o foreign_a part_n in_o regard_v whereof_o these_o banker_n do_v give_v they_o great_a credit_n for_o if_o any_o man_n have_v occasion_n to_o bestow_v in_o merchandise_n or_o to_o pay_v in_o money_n 3_o or_o four_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o have_v but_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o the_o bank_n the_o banker_n will_v pay_v it_o for_o he_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o party_n be_v well_o know_v or_o credit_v without_o take_v any_o gain_n for_o it_o although_o it_o be_v for_o 3_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o month_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a commodity_n as_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v to_o man_n in_o particular_a but_o be_v well_o consider_v of_o it_o will_v be_v find_v a_o small_a friendship_n and_o no_o more_o in_o effect_n than_o if_o a_o man_n do_v participate_v the_o light_n of_o his_o candle_n to_o another_o man_n candle_n for_o what_o be_v this_o credit_n or_o what_o be_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o almost_o or_o rather_o altogether_o imaginary_a as_o for_o example_n payment_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o banker_n payment_n peter_n have_v two_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o bank_n john_n have_v three_o thousand_o and_o william_n four_o thousand_o and_o so_o consequent_o other_o more_z or_o less_o peter_n have_v occasion_n to_o pay_v unto_o john_n one_o thousand_o ducat_n he_o go_v to_o the_o banker_n at_o the_o appoint_a hour_n which_o be_v certain_a both_o in_o the_o forenoon_n and_o afternoon_n and_o require_v they_o to_o pay_v one_o thousand_o ducat_n unto_o john_n whereupon_o they_o present_o make_v peter_n debtor_n for_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o john_n creditor_n for_o the_o same_o sum_n so_o that_o peter_n have_v assign_v unto_o john_n one_o thousand_o ducat_n have_v now_o no_o more_o but_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o bank_n where_o he_o have_v two_o thousand_o before_o and_o john_n have_v four_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o the_o same_o bank_n where_o he_o have_v but_o three_o thousand_o before_o and_o so_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o assignation_n john_n do_v pay_v unto_o william_n and_o william_n unto_o other_o without_o that_o any_o money_n be_v touch_v but_o remain_v still_o in_o the_o banker_n hand_n which_o within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o bank_n amount_v unto_o many_o million_o and_o by_o their_o industry_n they_o do_v incorporate_v the_o same_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o the_o ready_a money_n and_o wealth_n of_o london_n will_v come_v unto_o if_o it_o be_v gather_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n much_o more_o if_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o riches_n of_o other_o country_n be_v add_v thereunto_o as_o these_o banker_n can_v cunning_o compass_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v whereof_o be_v cause_v by_o their_o motion_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o in_o our_o treatise_n of_o exchange_n be_v declare_v but_o some_o will_v say_v or_o demand_v can_v a_o man_n have_v any_o ready_a money_n out_o of_o the_o banker_n hand_n if_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o yes_o that_o he_o can_v but_o before_o he_o have_v it_o they_o will_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o know_v for_o what_o purpose_n he_o demand_v the_o same_o or_o what_o he_o will_v do_v with_o it_o if_o it_o be_v to_o pay_v any_o man_n withal_o they_o will_v always_o do_v that_o for_o he_o as_o have_v account_n almost_o with_o all_o man_n for_o he_o be_v account_v to_o be_v of_o no_o credit_n that_o have_v not_o any_o money_n in_o bank_n if_o he_o do_v demand_v it_o for_o to_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n in_o some_o other_o country_n they_o will_v also_o serve_v his_o turn_n in_o give_v he_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o any_o place_n wheresoever_o because_o they_o have_v their_o company_n or_o correspondence_n in_o every_o place_n if_o he_o do_v demand_v it_o for_o his_o charge_n and_o expense_n it_o will_v be_v pay_v he_o forthwith_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o small_a sum_n and_o in_o the_o end_n the_o money_n come_v into_o their_o hand_n again_o if_o they_o pay_v out_o money_n to_o any_o man_n that_o have_v money_n in_o bank_n will_v bestow_v the_o same_o in_o purchase_n of_o land_n they_o will_v still_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o have_v it_o again_o in_o bank_n one_o way_n or_o other_o at_o the_o second_o and_o three_o hand_n so_o that_o they_o once_o be_v possess_v of_o money_n they_o will_v hardly_o be_v dispossess_v and_o their_o payment_n be_v in_o effect_n all_o by_o assignation_n and_o imaginary_a and_o if_o they_o have_v any_o money_n in_o bank_n belong_v unto_o widow_n and_o orphan_n or_o any_o other_o person_n that_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o use_v the_o same_o they_o will_v allow_v they_o interest_n after_o four_o or_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o the_o year_n at_o the_o most_o and_o that_o upon_o especial_a favour_n for_o every_o man_n seek_v to_o please_v they_o as_o in_o matter_n where_o commodum_fw-la privatum_fw-la bear_v the_o rule_n for_o they_o can_v easy_o please_v man_n in_o particular_a in_o give_v they_o some_o credit_n of_o that_o great_a
thereof_o and_o not_o to_o the_o lender_n i_o mean_v of_o peril_n proceed_v by_o storm_n violence_n spoil_n or_o such_o like_a occasion_n which_o can_v be_v eschew_v by_o any_o diligence_n of_o the_o borrower_n therefore_o if_o the_o borrower_n employ_v that_o money_n upon_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o say_v commodity_n become_v forfeit_v for_o nonpaiment_n of_o custom_n the_o lender_n shall_v be_v clear_a of_o any_o damage_n thereby_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o money_n lend_v at_o maritime_a interest_n without_o hazard_n but_o upon_o security_n shall_v pay_v no_o profit_n otherwise_o than_o the_o money_n lend_v at_o interest_n because_o the_o security_n be_v give_v over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o lender_n assurance_n again_o suppose_v it_o be_v money_n not_o enter_v in_o the_o pursers_n book_n and_o yet_o lend_v for_o the_o need_n of_o the_o company_n within_o the_o ship_n during_o the_o voyage_n if_o before_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o payment_n shipwreck_n or_o spoil_v happen_v than_o shall_v the_o loss_n come_v in_o contribution_n between_o they_o because_o if_o that_o money_n have_v be_v lie_v by_o the_o lender_n still_o unlent_a it_o have_v be_v in_o common_a danger_n with_o the_o rest_n but_o if_o the_o time_n appoint_v be_v pass_v with_o the_o peril_n aforesaid_a then_o shall_v the_o borrower_n pay_v that_o money_n so_o borrow_v free_a from_o all_o contribution_n further_o in_o case_n the_o borrower_n detain_v any_o such_o money_n lend_v as_o aforesaid_a beyond_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o the_o repay_v he_o shall_v at_o his_o return_n not_o only_o pay_v the_o profit_n agree_v upon_o before_o the_o voyage_n but_o also_o augment_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o long_a time_n and_o shall_v pay_v the_o profit_n of_o that_o first_o condition_n according_o some_o merchant_n there_o be_v that_o will_v deliver_v money_n in_o nature_n of_o vsura_fw-la maritima_n join_v the_o use_n money_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o upon_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n all_o in_o one_o consideration_n and_o so_o take_v 25_o or_o 30_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o return_n of_o such_o a_o ship_n from_o such_o a_o voyage_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o person_n that_o take_v up_o the_o money_n make_v account_n to_o be_v better_o assure_v by_o a_o vigilant_a eye_n upon_o a_o merchant_n traffic_n who_o they_o must_v trust_v if_o they_o will_v make_v benefit_n of_o their_o money_n rather_o than_o to_o deliver_v their_o money_n unto_o another_o of_o who_o deal_n they_o can_v give_v so_o good_a a_o judgement_n assurance_n combination_n of_o interest_n money_n and_o assurance_n as_o for_o example_n they_o know_v that_o such_o a_o merchant_n do_v deal_v for_o turkey_n and_o that_o in_o know_a ship_n traffic_v that_o way_n the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n go_v unto_o he_o and_o make_v a_o offer_n to_o lend_v he_o 1000_o will_v for_o a_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v with_o kersey_n and_o tin_n to_o tripoli_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o that_o money_n during_o all_o the_o voyage_n which_o he_o know_v be_v common_o perform_v within_o the_o year_n for_o say_v he_o you_o know_v that_o i_o be_o a_o assuror_n and_o you_o do_v use_v to_o assure_v your_o good_n and_o to_o increase_v your_o trade_n you_o take_v up_o money_n at_o use_n of_o other_o in_o small_a sum_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v very_o commodious_a for_o we_o both_o to_o include_v the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o use_n money_n together_o and_o so_o with_o the_o return_n you_o shall_v be_v provide_v to_o pay_v i_o again_o if_o god_n do_v prosper_v the_o ship_n and_o make_v homeward_o speedy_o if_o not_o i_o can_v demand_v nothing_o of_o you_o and_o must_v be_v content_v to_o bear_v the_o loss_n with_o patience_n hereupon_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v account_v for_o the_o use_n money_n joint_o contract_n of_o interest_n and_o assurance_n joint_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o good_n outward_o and_o another_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o return_n homeward_o in_o conclusion_n there_o be_v 30_o pro_fw-la ceinto_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n he_o be_v to_o have_v 1300_o will_v within_o such_o a_o time_n as_o they_o common_o agree_v be_v it_o one_o or_o two_o month_n after_o this_o be_v a_o good_a bargain_n for_o the_o lender_n howsoever_o the_o borrower_n of_o the_o money_n may_v speed_v for_o the_o lender_n have_v not_o to_o do_v with_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o good_n nor_o with_o the_o return_n of_o they_o but_o he_o will_v be_v sure_a that_o at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o may_v have_v his_o money_n pay_v he_o not_o only_o by_o the_o provenue_n of_o the_o kersey_n and_o tin_n which_o be_v buy_v with_o the_o thousand_o pound_n he_o lend_v but_o also_o with_o the_o return_n of_o all_o other_o good_n which_o the_o borrower_n do_v lade_v more_o in_o the_o say_a ship_n for_o tripoli_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o other_o place_n chap._n xxxii_o of_o ship_n and_o navigation_n under_o the_o name_n navis_fw-la be_v all_o kind_n of_o ship_v understand_v and_o navigium_fw-la be_v a_o general_a word_n many_o time_n use_v for_o navigation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o moment_n to_o describe_v the_o diversity_n of_o ship_n as_o carrack_n galleon_n galleass_n galley_n centaureis_fw-la ship_n of_o war_n flyboats_n buss_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o ship_n and_o vessel_n but_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o sea_n law_n and_o custom_n observe_v therein_o appertain_v to_o the_o law_n merchant_n as_o also_o those_o thing_n which_o proper_o may_v concern_v ship_n as_o follow_v all_o ship_n be_v make_v for_o fail_v be_v to_o be_v prepare_v according_o both_o for_o goodness_n and_o sit_v timber_n and_o convenient_a build_n as_o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rudder_n of_o the_o ship_n upon_o the_o right_a parallel_n of_o the_o keel_n of_o the_o ship_n equality_n the_o parallel_n of_o equality_n for_o therein_o consist_v a_o main_a point_n for_o swift_a sail_v which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o many_o ship_n partly_o new_o build_v and_o repair_v for_o new_a timber_n and_o old_a mix_v together_o do_v never_o endure_v long_o especial_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v not_o repair_v in_o time_n before_o she_o be_v much_o decay_v which_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o can_v agree_v therein_o the_o law_n therefore_o be_v commendable_a that_o if_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o those_o that_o have_v the_o great_a interest_n and_o part_n therein_o cause_n the_o same_o to_o be_v repair_v that_o he_o who_o provide_v not_o his_o money_n for_o his_o part_n within_o four_o month_n after_o shall_v lose_v his_o part_n to_o the_o other_o owner_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v conformable_a with_o the_o rest_n or_o with_o his_o partner_n in_o the_o say_a ship_n who_o do_v disburse_v the_o same_o and_o moreover_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o money_n also_o for_o the_o time_n that_o the_o same_o be_v lay_v out_o some_o make_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o ship_n so_o amend_v &_o repair_v shall_v be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o keel_n of_o the_o ship_n remain_v it_o be_v still_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o not_o to_o be_v call_v another_o ship_n so_o be_v it_o always_o belong_v unto_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n although_o they_o have_v fabricate_v &_o amend_v the_o same_o with_o another_o man_n timber_n for_o the_o sell_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a course_n to_o alienate_v the_o same_o but_o the_o quiet_a possession_n thereof_o must_v be_v deliver_v upon_o the_o sale_n make_v and_o although_o the_o sale_n be_v make_v and_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o ship_n deliver_v if_o nevertheless_o it_o afterward_o shall_v appear_v that_o some_o have_v commit_v piracie_n with_o the_o same_o the_o party_n who_o lose_v his_o good_n may_v lay_v a_o action_n to_o the_o ship_n in_o place_n convenient_a hence_o the_o proverb_n arise_v water_n a_o ship_n which_o can_v drink_v of_o all_o water_n that_o such_o a_o ship_n can_v drink_v of_o all_o water_n albeit_o this_o law_n be_v not_o general_a no_o more_o than_o a_o ship_n drive_v by_o tempest_n into_o a_o harbour_n or_o port_n be_v subject_a to_o pay_v custom_n there_o albeit_o some_o demand_v the_o same_o although_o no_o bulk_n be_v break_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v unreasonable_a a_o contract_n therefore_o take_v his_o strength_n from_o the_o party_n contract_v and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n thereof_o it_o be_v therefore_o
as_o for_o the_o erect_n of_o school_n and_o university_n maintenance_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o of_o widow_n and_o orphan_n reparation_n of_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o ditch_n for_o the_o plantation_n of_o collonye_n of_o people_n in_o other_o country_n and_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n for_o their_o maintenance_n as_o also_o to_o erect_v pawne-house_n to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a suppress_v intolerable_a usury_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n concern_v money_n the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n lotarie_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n lot_n and_o albeit_o all_o lotary_n be_v thing_n casual_a in_o respect_n of_o man_n to_o who_o the_o lot_n fall_v yet_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n they_o be_v certain_a in_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v divine_a dispose_n of_o the_o lot_n insomuch_o that_o howsoever_o the_o word_n fortune_n chance_n fate_n destiny_n and_o casualty_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o heathen_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o respect_v the_o effect_n and_o operation_n of_o god_n towards_o man_n they_o be_v proper_a distinction_n of_o god_n divine_a providence_n and_o hence_o arise_v the_o proverb_n nemo_fw-la sva_fw-la sort_n contentus_fw-la vivit_fw-la *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xlii_o of_o association_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n association_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n or_o state_n upon_o grant_n make_v by_o letter_n patent_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v society_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n adventurer_n society_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n which_o be_v of_o 400_o year_n stand_v or_o thereabouts_o reckon_v from_o the_o year_n 1248_o when_o the_o say_v merchant_n obtain_v privilege_n of_o john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o be_v call_v the_o brotherhood_n of_o saint_n thomas_n becket_n of_o canturburie_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o edward_z the_o four_o henry_n the_o six_o richard_z the_o three_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n after_o he_o also_o confirm_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o edward_n the_o six_o queen_n marie_n queen_n elizabeth_n and_o last_o by_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n not_o without_o many_o enemy_n and_o opposition_n and_o most_o especial_o of_o late_a tax_v they_o to_o be_v monopolizer_n and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v that_o all_o our_o clothes_n be_v not_o dress_v and_o dye_v in_o england_n whereupon_o their_o patent_n be_v for_o a_o time_n suspend_v but_o afterwards_o confirm_v again_o unto_o they_o by_o his_o majesty_n ample_a proclamation_n as_o this_o society_n be_v of_o ancient_a estimation_n so_o be_v their_o government_n very_o commendable_a and_o preserve_v the_o amity_n and_o intercourse_n between_o the_o realm_n and_o other_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o state_n vent_v the_o best_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o every_o man_n sell_v free_o at_o his_o pleasure_n without_o any_o combination_n or_o limitation_n to_o the_o great_a honour_n and_o service_n of_o the_o state_n wherein_o they_o may_v daily_o see_v and_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v etc._n society_n of_o east-indies_n virginia_n etc._n etc._n the_o east-india_n merchant_n be_v also_o a_o society_n but_o their_o adventurer_n run_v all_o into_o main_a stock_n and_o be_v govern_v and_o carry_v all_o joint_o upon_o benefit_n or_o loss_n this_o company_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1599_o so_o the_o merchant_n of_o turkey_n be_v a_o society_n also_o the_o virginia_n and_o barmuda_n merchant_n and_o diverse_a other_o be_v society_n incorporate_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o other_o association_n be_v do_v by_o and_o between_o merchant_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n contract_n partnership_n by_o contract_n join_v themselves_o together_o for_o to_o deal_v and_o trade_n either_o for_o year_n or_o voyage_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o call_v partnership_n where_o one_o man_n do_v adventure_v a_o thousand_o pound_n another_o five_o hundred_o pound_n another_o three_o hundred_o pound_n and_o another_o four_o hundred_o pound_n more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v among_o themselves_o to_o make_v a_o stock_n every_o man_n to_o have_v his_o profit_n or_o to_o bear_v loss_n and_o adventure_n according_a to_o their_o several_a stock_n in_o one_o or_o many_o voyage_n for_o one_o or_o more_o year_n beside_o the_o money_n take_v up_o at_o use_n to_o trade_n withal_o proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o their_o stock_n by_o part_n and_o portion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o so_o many_o part_n as_o they_o agree_v wherein_o the_o condition_n be_v diverse_a which_o must_v be_v observe_v true_o and_o the_o account_v according_o otherwise_o all_o will_v run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n and_o confusion_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n one_o partner_n can_v proceed_v against_o another_o and_o in_o chancery_n the_o suit_n may_v be_v prolong_v for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n unless_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v better_o understand_v and_o the_o auditor_n office_n be_v enable_v to_o end_v these_o business_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n there_o be_v another_o branch_n of_o this_o manner_n of_o partnership_n employment_n partnership_n by_o employment_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o factor_n beyond_o the_o sea_n deal_v for_o diverse_a merchant_n will_v sometime_o make_v employment_n of_o several_a man_n money_n in_o one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o here_o one_o may_v become_v a_o partner_n unaware_o and_o unknown_a as_o of_o late_o i_o know_v the_o like_a do_v happen_v in_o a_o great_a bargain_n of_o tobacco_n whereupon_o all_o the_o partner_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n be_v fall_v out_o and_o diverse_a of_o they_o be_v in_o law_n this_o course_n although_o use_v be_v very_o dangerous_a especial_o when_o they_o use_v many_o factor_n one_o merchant_n send_v commodity_n to_o his_o factor_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o spain_n and_o give_v order_n that_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o shall_v provide_v money_n for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o employment_n of_o tobacco_n to_o be_v make_v another_o merchant_n he_o send_v a_o letter_n of_o credit_n of_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o that_o so_o much_o money_n shall_v be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n for_o antuerpe_n or_o london_n as_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o his_o part_n another_o merchant_n he_o cause_v so_o much_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o to_o his_o factor_n by_o exchange_n â—â—om_n antuerpe_n as_o will_v furnish_v for_o his_o part_n two_o other_o merchant_n dwell_v in_o spain_n do_v furnish_v their_o part_n there_o themselves_o and_o among_o they_o all_o they_o admit_v in_o spain_n one_o factor_n dwell_v there_o to_o buy_v the_o tobacco_n and_o he_o have_v a_o part_n with_o they_o but_o find_v the_o mean_n to_o disburse_v no_o money_n for_o his_o part_n because_o he_o buy_v the_o say_a parcel_n of_o tobacco_n amount_v to_o some_o twelve_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o condition_v to_o pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o at_o six_o or_o more_o month_n and_o the_o seven_o merchant_n he_o provide_v not_o any_o money_n and_o neverle_n will_v have_v his_o part_n because_o he_o give_v order_n to_o his_o factor_n to_o take_v it_o up_o by_o exchange_n for_o london_n upon_o he_o promise_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o here_o hereupon_o the_o bargain_n and_o employment_n of_o tobacco_n be_v make_v the_o good_n receive_v and_o send_v over_o to_o london_n where_o it_o be_v divide_o deliver_v to_o some_o of_o the_o say_a partner_n to_o be_v sell_v with_o one_o and_o other_o privity_n for_o the_o general_a account_n of_o they_o all_o to_o be_v make_v up_o among_o they_o to_o clear_v the_o say_a account_n and_o every_o man_n to_o have_v his_o part_n of_o the_o benefit_n and_o profit_n and_o likewise_o to_o bear_v such_o loss_n as_o may_v decrease_v their_o profit_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n interim_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o factor_n who_o buy_v the_o say_a tobacco_n die_v insoluent_a who_o do_v not_o only_o leave_v his_o own_o part_n unpaid_a but_o a_o far_o great_a sum_n which_o the_o other_o two_o partner_n be_v fain_o to_o pay_v be_v bind_v for_o it_o in_o all_o amount_v to_o 1300_o will_v starling_n now_o the_o question_n be_v how_o this_o loss_n shall_v be_v bear_v among_o they_o the_o first_o merchant_n he_o say_v i_o do_v send_v commodity_n and_o by_o the_o provenue_n thereof_o my_o part_n be_v pay_v by_o he_o that_o die_v and_o that_o depend_v upon_o account_n to_o be_v clear_v between_o he_o and_o the_o party_n decease_v the_o second_o merchant_n he_o say_v my_o part_n be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n in_o spain_n take_v up_o
by_o a_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o i_o be_o to_o bear_v no_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o so_o say_v the_o three_o merchant_n that_o make_v over_o his_o money_n by_o exchange_n from_o antuerpe_n the_o two_o partner_n dwell_v in_o spain_n they_o say_v that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o pay_v their_o part_n of_o the_o tobacco_n but_o also_o the_o 1300_o will_v which_o be_v owe_v to_o the_o merchant_n that_o sell_v the_o tobacco_n and_o therefore_o they_o demand_v much_o money_n due_a unto_o they_o and_o that_o rest_v also_o upon_o account_n between_o the_o party_n decease_v and_o they_o and_o other_o the_o party_n decease_v be_v decay_v have_v few_o to_o undertake_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o the_o seven_o merchant_n be_v content_v to_o bear_v his_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n so_o he_o may_v come_v in_o for_o his_o part_n of_o the_o gain_n and_o say_v that_o if_o the_o money_n have_v be_v take_v upon_o he_o by_o exchange_n he_o will_v have_v pay_v the_o same_o but_o howsoever_o he_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o he_o have_v provision_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v his_o part_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o of_o the_o partner_n there_o and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o have_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o his_o part_n of_o the_o tobacco_n he_o claim_v his_o part_n of_o the_o gain_n for_o if_o all_o have_v be_v cast_v away_o at_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v certain_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o partner_n will_v have_v make_v he_o to_o bear_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o part_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o dilemma_n and_o have_v some_o of_o they_o bond_n other_o contract_n and_o some_o but_o account_n and_o paper_n they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o end_n and_o such_o as_o have_v more_o than_o their_o own_o be_v remiss_a enough_o to_o procure_v a_o end_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o set_v down_o this_o case_n because_o man_n of_o understanding_n may_v judge_v â—ow_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o strict_a and_o peremptory_a proceed_n of_o it_o can_v determine_v the_o same_o without_o the_o law-merchant_n not_o know_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v also_o impossible_a to_o direct_v a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n in_o the_o premise_n wherein_o i_o be_o now_o a_o arbitrator_n myself_o description_n of_o monopoly_n monopoly_n be_v somewhat_o displease_v because_o the_o property_n of_o they_o be_v common_o to_o engross_v thing_n to_o a_o ill_a end_n increase_v the_o price_n thereof_o disorderly_a draw_v a_o general_a benefit_n to_o a_o particular_a divert_v the_o course_n of_o traffic_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v use_v now_o a_o day_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o distinguish_v they_o by_o reasonable_a unreasonable_a and_o indifferent_a reasonable_a of_o such_o thing_n and_o trifle_n as_o be_v for_o pleasure_n as_o starch_n card_n lute-string_n tobacco_n and_o such_o like_a unreasonable_a as_o of_o flesh_n fish_n butter_n cheese_n or_o needful_a thing_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n without_o which_o he_o can_v hardly_o live_v civil_o indifferent_a as_o of_o velvet_n silk_n sugar_n spice_n and_o other_o delicacy_n and_o dainty_n or_o curiosity_n indifferent_a to_o be_v use_v or_o not_o all_o these_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n by_o letter_n patent_n grant_v for_o term_n of_o year_n engross_a engross_a but_o engross_a be_v do_v by_o private_a person_n of_o their_o own_o authority_n which_o be_v commendable_a to_o keep_v commodity_n in_o reputation_n to_o maintain_v a_o trade_n thereby_o as_o when_o man_n of_o mean_n do_v engross_v and_o buy_v up_o a_o commodity_n and_o for_o reasonable_a gain_n they_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o to_o shopkeeper_n and_o retailer_n this_o be_v much_o use_v among_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n otherwise_o when_o abundance_n of_o a_o commodity_n do_v so_o much_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o it_o that_o merchant_n do_v become_v loser_n and_o discourage_v than_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v thereby_o overthrow_v to_o the_o general_a hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v better_a to_o pay_v somewhat_o more_o for_o commodity_n than_o to_o have_v they_o altogether_o over_o cheap_a especial_o for_o commodity_n serve_v for_o the_o back_n dardanary_n forestall_v or_o forestaller_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n dardanary_n and_o not_o for_o the_o belly_n which_o diverse_a time_n by_o forestaller_n become_v dear_a against_o which_o kind_n of_o people_n regrator_n and_o other_o there_o be_v very_o good_a law_n make_v which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o see_v observe_v and_o in_o france_n and_o scotland_n the_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n to_o look_v unto_o this_o inconvenience_n the_o government_n of_o norenborough_n in_o germany_n be_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v not_o only_o for_o the_o provident_a care_n to_o prevent_v forestaller_n engross_a commendable_a engross_a but_o also_o for_o the_o engross_n or_o incorporate_n of_o all_o manufacture_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o set_v the_o poor_a people_n continual_o on_o work_n themselves_o cause_v the_o say_a manufacture_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o such_o reasonable_a rate_n as_o none_o can_v make_v or_o provide_v better_a cheap_a than_o they_o do_v whereof_o abundance_n be_v buy_v and_o send_v for_o the_o west-indies_n and_o other_o place_n the_o mechanical_a people_n be_v very_o much_o cherish_v by_o they_o and_o all_o artist_n be_v welcome_a unto_o they_o which_o make_v their_o city_n populus_fw-la the_o hollander_n do_v imitate_v they_o and_o some_o money_n of_o the_o bank_n at_o amsterdam_n be_v employ_v therein_o for_o the_o proverb_n be_v to_o be_v commend_v sceptra_fw-la savent_fw-la artes._n the_o civilians_n have_v make_v the_o latin_a word_n monopolium_n borrow_v from_o the_o greek_a to_o be_v less_o understand_v because_o of_o their_o many_o difinition_n thereof_o which_o make_v i_o to_o treat_v of_o association_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n as_o have_v affinity_n one_o with_o another_o and_o to_o describe_v they_o in_o divide_a manner_n as_o also_o to_o note_v their_o coherence_n as_o follow_v for_o a_o association_n company_n monopoly_n a_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n or_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n in_o effect_n when_o some_o few_o merchant_n have_v the_o whole_a manage_n of_o a_o trade_n to_o the_o hurt_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n when_o other_o merchant_n be_v exclude_v to_o negotiate_v with_o their_o stock_n to_o vent_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o reputation_n according_a to_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d solus_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vendo_fw-la monopoly_n a_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n to_o sell_v alone_o and_o as_o this_o be_v do_v many_o time_n by_o one_o merchant_n for_o one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v it_o corn_n salt_n oil_n woolles_n and_o the_o like_a so_o may_v it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n continual_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o authority_n albeit_o that_o there_o be_v no_o combination_n to_o limit_v any_o certain_a price_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o commodity_n in_o the_o particular_a of_o one_o merchant_n or_o more_o merchant_n agree_v together_o to_o buy_v up_o a_o commodity_n it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o forestalling_a as_o one_o dardanus_n do_v whereof_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o name_n dardanarij_fw-la be_v use_v by_o the_o say_a civilians_n who_o define_v they_o to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d qui_fw-la omne_fw-la praemunt_fw-la ut_fw-la carius_fw-la vendant_fw-la that_o forestall_v or_o buy_v up_o thing_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v sell_v they_o dear_a which_o although_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o practice_n meaning_n and_o intention_n of_o merchant_n yet_o the_o practice_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n for_o it_o will_v run_v into_o disorder_n in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o general_a where_o a_o society_n buy_v commodity_n apart_o and_o sell_v apart_o although_o under_o orderly_a government_n it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o engross_a as_o the_o manufacture_n of_o norenborough_n aforesaid_a and_o be_v do_v with_o discretion_n and_o good_a order_n it_o can_v give_v no_o cause_n of_o offence_n but_o the_o abuse_n thereof_o make_v the_o same_o odious_a and_o so_o general_o to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o man_n as_o the_o word_n usury_n be_v imply_v a_o bite_n definition_n of_o a_o monopoly_n the_o true_a definition_n of_o a_o monopoly_n therefore_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o commerce_n in_o buy_v sell_v change_a or_o barter_v usurp_v by_o a_o few_o and_o sometime_o but_o by_o one_o person_n and_o forestall_v from_o all_o other_o to_o his_o or_o their_o private_a gain_n and_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o detriment_n of_o other_o man_n whereby_o of_o course_n or_o by_o authority_n the_o
also_o provide_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v voluntary_o yield_v to_o any_o arrest_n or_o his_o body_n to_o prison_n and_o so_o remain_v in_o prison_n for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o month_n think_v by_o that_o imprisonment_n to_o free_v his_o good_n and_o to_o deceive_v his_o creditor_n against_o he_o may_v the_o say_a commission_n be_v sue_v forth_o and_o execute_v according_o for_o he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o bankrupt_a according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v at_o liberty_n against_o who_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o bankrupt_a be_v take_v out_o the_o say_a commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o see_v cause_n commit_v he_o to_o prison_n and_o give_v he_o some_o allowance_n for_o his_o maintenance_n and_o of_o all_o their_o proceed_n there_o be_v a_o register_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o record_v the_o same_o until_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n do_v dissolve_v the_o say_a commission_n by_o a_o supersedeas_fw-la decoctor_n definition_n of_o the_o word_n decoctor_n the_o civilians_n be_v copious_a in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o have_v attribute_v unto_o this_o kind_n of_o people_n the_o name_n of_o decoctor_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n decoquâ—_n as_o it_o be_v to_o consume_v the_o substance_n of_o thing_n by_o decrease_n and_o evaporation_n of_o boil_v over_o the_o fire_n otherwise_o call_v disturber_n or_o consumer_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v observe_v great_a distinction_n between_o these_o person_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n de_fw-fr decoctoribus_fw-la make_v by_o benuenuto_n straccha_n appear_v and_o the_o definition_n of_o bankerupt_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n distinguish_v first_o when_o a_o man_n become_v insoluent_a by_o lose_v his_o good_n and_o other_o man_n by_o fortune_n mischance_n and_o casualty_n which_o man_n be_v not_o take_v to_o be_v infamous_a by_o the_o law_n endeavour_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n as_o he_o can_v second_o when_o a_o man_n by_o waste_v spoil_v and_o vicious_o give_v consume_v his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n good_n and_o he_o by_o the_o law_n be_v infamous_a three_o when_o a_o man_n be_v decay_v partly_o by_o waste_v and_o spoil_v of_o his_o own_o and_o other_o man_n good_n and_o partly_o by_o misfortune_n and_o accident_n and_o this_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v infamous_a if_o he_o be_v vicious_a hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v the_o four_o and_o most_o vile_a person_n who_o enrich_v himself_o with_o other_o man_n good_n break_v without_o just_a cause_n and_o only_o of_o purpose_n to_o deceive_v man_n according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a example_n of_o rouen_n albeit_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v civilians_n have_v leave_v they_o out_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v criminal_o punish_v as_o thief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o prince_n authority_n as_o the_o banker_n of_o florence_n be_v who_o break_v for_o many_o million_o of_o ducat_n make_v a_o sudden_a and_o deceitful_a composition_n with_o his_o creditor_n for_o the_o one_o half_a and_o do_v pay_v they_o in_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n he_o cause_v his_o process_n to_o be_v make_v instant_o and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v execute_v also_o according_o which_o be_v good_a justice_n and_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o by_o the_o creditor_n bankrupt_n punishment_n of_o bankrupt_n as_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o genoa_n in_o italy_n do_v unto_o a_o debtor_n of_o he_o who_o he_o know_v go_v about_o to_o deceive_v he_o for_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o chair_n to_o be_v make_v and_o call_v the_o party_n to_o his_o house_n and_o entreat_v he_o to_o sit_v therein_o which_o be_v make_v with_o certain_a engine_n do_v sudden_o so_o gripe_v and_o clasp_v in_o his_o say_a debtor_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v he_o or_o it_o may_v have_v cost_v he_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o russia_n a_o man_n have_v leave_v to_o beat_v or_o to_o have_v his_o debtor_n beat_v upon_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n if_o he_o can_v pay_v and_o therewith_o be_v he_o discharge_v which_o be_v not_o so_o cruel_a as_o to_o keep_v he_o always_o in_o prison_n and_o make_v he_o to_o endure_v a_o linger_a death_n wherein_o the_o undo_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v make_v partaker_n unjust_o concern_v fraudulent_a dealer_n the_o law_n be_v that_o by_o make_v session_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v relieve_v and_o may_v be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o church_n whereas_o a_o freeman_n can_v be_v arrest_v or_o take_v in_o the_o church_n but_o may_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v a_o fraudulent_a man_n by_o his_o book_n of_o account_n than_o any_o bargain_n or_o sale_n make_v two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o his_o break_n by_o good_n sell_v good_a cheap_a may_v be_v recall_v and_o avoid_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o he_o pay_v one_o man_n after_o his_o break_n the_o same_o may_v be_v take_v to_o be_v do_v in_o fraud_n of_o all_o the_o other_o creditor_n and_o may_v be_v recall_v for_o the_o generality_n so_o good_n buy_v by_o he_o before_o break_v if_o they_o be_v find_v in_o esse_fw-la may_v be_v claim_v by_o the_o seller_n to_o his_o particular_a use_n and_o payment_n again_o all_o conjecture_n of_o fraud_n may_v be_v augment_v and_o aggravate_v against_o the_o fraudulent_a man_n according_a to_o the_o say_n semel_fw-la inventum_fw-la decies_fw-la factum_fw-la if_o any_o man_n do_v break_v in_o partnership_n the_o partnership_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la dissolve_v by_o law_n but_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o other_o remain_v pay_v the_o debt_n of_o the_o partnership_n also_o any_o commission_n give_v by_o he_o for_o the_o partnership_n be_v void_a instant_o howbeit_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o ignorance_n of_o his_o break_n have_v cause_v his_o commission_n to_o be_v follow_v that_o which_o be_v do_v do_v bind_v the_o master_n and_o shall_v excuse_v the_o factor_n debtor_n suspicious_a debtor_n a_o debtor_n suspect_v by_o other_o may_v be_v touch_v before_o money_n be_v due_a and_o the_o creditor_n may_v attach_v some_o of_o his_o good_n or_o pawn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o write_v of_o latitat_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n may_v be_v serve_v upon_o they_o to_o find_v surety_n for_o their_o appearance_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n but_o the_o law_n in_o diverse_a country_n do_v very_o much_o differ_v in_o the_o proceed_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o fraudulent_a man_n suretyship_n a_o question_n for_o suretyship_n here_o arise_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o surety_n can_v pretend_v to_o be_v discharge_v if_o the_o creditor_n have_v make_v or_o agree_v with_o the_o principal_a for_o a_o long_a time_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o principal_a break_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o if_o he_o know_v of_o the_o new_a agreement_n of_o the_o say_a party_n for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o otherwise_o be_v bind_v as_o a_o surety_n for_o a_o time_n limit_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v clear_v at_o that_o time_n or_o to_o make_v suit_n or_o demand_v to_o have_v his_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o principal_a as_o also_o of_o the_o surety_n which_o be_v neglect_v do_v in_o equity_n discharge_v the_o say_a surety_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o the_o surety_n do_v break_v at_o or_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n the_o creditor_n may_v demand_v another_o surety_n in_o that_o man_n place_n which_o be_v break_v wherein_o the_o law_n be_v very_o indifferent_a and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o diverse_a lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o interest_n upon_o bond_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o when_o the_o say_v money_n be_v continue_v or_o prolong_v at_o interest_n the_o bond_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o counter-bond_n also_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o old_a bond_n for_o many_o year_n to_o be_v uncancel_v for_o it_o do_v oftentimes_o happen_v upon_o occasion_n of_o absence_n of_o some_o of_o the_o party_n that_o a_o new_a bond_n be_v sometime_o seal_v and_o the_o old_a not_o take_v in_o which_o breed_v contention_n for_o the_o new_a bond_n be_v make_v the_o old_a be_v void_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v uncancel_v and_o also_o put_v in_o suit_n by_o some_o executor_n or_o administrator_n ignorant_a of_o the_o other_o new_a bond_n take_v for_o the_o same_o and_o pay_v long_o before_o albeit_o herein_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v more_o reason_n not_o to_o make_v new_a bond_n howsoever_o diligent_a
mint_n beyâ—nd_n â—he_v sea_n call_v the_o general_n of_o mint_n which_o do_v determine_v such_o and_o the_o like_a question_n and_o controversy_n arise_v between_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o mint-master_n which_o be_v man_n of_o great_a knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o mint_n affair_n and_o have_v from_o the_o prince_n large_a stipend_n give_v they_o for_o to_o attend_v these_o mâ—nt_a business_n when_o the_o trial_n of_o pix_n or_o of_o the_o box_n be_v make_v and_o the_o mint-master_n make_v their_o account_n with_o the_o prince_n hereupon_o the_o say_a assay-master_n according_a to_o his_o courteous_a behaviour_n be_v very_o well_o please_v to_o hear_v i_o as_o he_o say_v in_o favour_n of_o justice_n and_o truth_n and_o so_o i_o begin_v to_o answer_v gradatim_fw-la and_o articular_o as_o follow_v admit_v drink_v up_o of_o the_o copple_v admit_v first_o concern_v the_o drink_n up_o of_o the_o copple_n albeit_o that_o it_o appear_v unto_o i_o by_o certain_a testimoniall_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o general_n warden_n mint-master_n and_o assaymaster_n that_o if_o a_o copple_n or_o test_v be_v well_o make_v it_o drink_v not_o up_o any_o silver_n at_o all_o yet_o i_o will_v admit_v that_o it_o do_v so_o because_o you_o be_v so_o confident_a that_o you_o can_v take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o copple_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o and_o so_o i_o will_v proceed_v in_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v put_v in_o second_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v two_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n put_v into_o the_o melt_a pot_n as_o you_o say_v for_o it_o be_v commix_v at_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n which_o be_v a_o fâ—ll_a ounce_n where_o the_o standard_n require_v but_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n but_o this_o be_v do_v to_o countervail_v the_o waist_n of_o copper_n which_o come_v by_o melt_v of_o bullion_n remelting_a of_o the_o brocage_n and_o scizell_n and_o by_o work_v hammer_v often_o neal_v and_o blaunch_v of_o the_o money_n whereby_o the_o money_n grow_v better_a in_o fineness_n than_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o melt_v because_o so_o much_o and_o more_o copper_n do_v waste_v in_o be_v of_o copper_n counteruade_v the_o copper_n put_v in_o and_o can_v it_o waste_v less_o than_o ten_o ounce_n in_o one_o hundred_o weight_n no_o sure_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n for_o mint_n affair_n admit_v this_o two_o penny_n weight_n for_o waste_n which_o be_v but_o ten_o ounce_n in_o the_o hundred_o and_o to_o say_v that_o this_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o mintmaster_n put_v in_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n proportion_n unequal_a proportion_n it_o carry_v not_o any_o proportion_n to_o put_v one_o for_o one_o when_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o standard_n be_v eleven_o to_o one_o but_o you_o reply_v unto_o i_o that_o the_o mintmaster_n be_v to_o bear_v all_o waste_n and_o therefore_o must_v answer_v the_o same_o and_o be_v charge_v in_o account_n for_o it_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o account_n of_o all_o mint_n be_v make_v only_o upon_o the_o fineness_n of_o money_n by_o their_o weight_n and_o that_o it_o be_v never_o otherwise_o use_v in_o england_n until_o this_o day_n only_o all_o account_n be_v take_v upon_o the_o fine_a matter_n only_o and_o if_o the_o warden_n will_v bring_v a_o new_a manner_n of_o account_n than_o ever_o have_v be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o leidger_n book_n of_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o comptroller_n book_n then_o the_o mintmaster_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o every_o thing_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n silver_n for_o silver_n and_o copper_n for_o copper_n otherwise_o it_o be_v better_o for_o he_o not_o to_o put_v in_o any_o copper_n than_o to_o be_v make_v to_o answer_v silver_n for_o it_o but_o the_o mintmaster_n must_v hold_v as_o well_o his_o allay_n as_o his_o fine_a silver_n keep_v allay_v to_o be_v keep_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n 2._o h._n 6._o ca._n 2._o and_o in_o do_v otherwise_o by_o not_o put_v in_o of_o this_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n the_o money_n will_v be_v too_o fine_a and_o the_o master_n may_v incur_v fine_a and_o ransom_n therefore_o all_o mint-master_n do_v work_v according_a to_o their_o remedy_n and_o they_o do_v bear_v all_o waste_v incident_a and_o casual_a as_o if_o some_o ingot_n be_v falsify_v with_o copper_n within_o as_o have_v be_v find_v at_o the_o mint_n the_o mintmaster_n must_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o it_o master_n hazard_v of_o mint_n master_n for_o prince_n will_v be_v at_o a_o certainty_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o mint-master_n may_v commix_v at_o their_o pleasure_n thus_o far_o as_o the_o sixteenth_o article_n of_o the_o indenture_n declare_v that_o every_o pound_n weight_n troy_n shall_v be_v in_o such_o sort_n commix_v and_o melt_v down_o that_o at_o the_o cast_v out_o of_o the_o same_o into_o ingot_n xluj_o the_o indenture_n of_o eliz_n reg._n xluj_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o hold_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o allay_n every_o pound_n contain_v twelve_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o four_o grain_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o england_n which_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o allay_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o troy_n aforesaid_a standard_n the_o old_a right_n â—â—erling_a standard_n be_v the_o old_a right_a standard_n of_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n of_o england_n and_o that_o the_o commixture_n of_o the_o mintmaster_n have_v be_v do_v according_o so_o that_o it_o be_v find_v so_o at_o the_o cast_v out_o you_o best_o know_v what_o make_v the_o assay_n thereof_o from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o for_o your_o melt_a book_n where_o the_o allay_n be_v enter_v if_o you_o will_v charge_v the_o mintmaster_n thereby_o let_v it_o be_v do_v distinct_o for_o silver_n and_o copper_n or_o allay_v in_o his_o proper_a nature_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o then_o the_o controversy_n be_v end_v now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o base_a money_n make_v for_o ireland_n i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v not_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n put_v in_o as_o in_o the_o sterling_a standard_n money_n silver_n take_v out_o by_o division_n oâ—_n the_o standard_n of_o base_a money_n but_o there_o be_v two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n by_o computation_n take_v out_o in_o every_o quarter_n of_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n which_o as_o you_o say_v be_v eight_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n why_o shall_v the_o mint-master_n account_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o where_o silver_n by_o the_o division_n of_o the_o proportion_n be_v take_v out_o and_o two_o ounce_n eighteen_o penny_n weight_n be_v take_v for_o three_o ounce_n from_o the_o fire_n as_o the_o indenture_n declare_v shall_v a_o mintmaster_n commix_v and_o melt_v by_o prescription_n or_o suffer_v other_o man_n to_o melt_v it_o for_o he_o and_o yet_o be_v make_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o fineness_n of_o money_n according_a to_o a_o indent_a trial_n piece_n make_v of_o refine_a fine_a silver_n as_o you_o say_v and_o receive_v neither_o silver_n answerable_a in_o fineness_n nor_o the_o quantity_n which_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v allow_v he_o according_a to_o the_o standard_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o in_o the_o make_n of_o these_o money_n copper_n câ—eaâ—_n waist_n of_o copper_n there_o have_v be_v above_o forty_o ounce_n of_o copper_n waste_v in_o one_o hundred_o weight_n of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o whereby_o the_o bullion_n be_v grow_v fine_a that_o be_v to_o say_v these_o forty_o ounce_n of_o copper_n be_v waste_v have_v leave_v the_o silver_n behind_o wherewith_o they_o be_v commix_v at_o the_o first_o and_o so_o be_v the_o say_v whole_a mass_n or_o bullion_n so_o much_o fine_a and_o rich_a in_o the_o proportion_n which_o arithmetical_a distribution_n do_v demonstrate_v unto_o i_o arithmetical_a demonstration_n arithmetical_a and_o in_o this_o ingot_a of_o course_n silver_n may_v prove_v it_o unto_o you_o let_v we_o suppose_v it_o weigh_v 16_o will_v and_o contain_v 4_o will_v of_o silver_n and_o 12_o will_v of_o copper_n and_o so_o may_v we_o say_v it_o be_v the_o four_o part_n silver_n if_o this_o ingot_a now_o shall_v be_v make_v to_o decrease_v or_o diminish_v 4_o will_v of_o copper_n and_o so_o it_o shall_v weigh_v but_o 12_o will_v and_o therein_o still_o contain_v all_o the_o four_o pound_n in_o silver_n may_v not_o we_o just_o call_v this_o to_o be_v rich_a and_o say_v it_o be_v one_o three_o part_n of_o silver_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o more_o silver_n than_o before_o
occasion_n to_o ask_v he_o pix_n trial_o of_o the_o pix_n whether_o the_o last_o and_o supreme_a trial_n of_o the_o money_n which_o be_v make_v common_o once_o a_o year_n before_o the_o lord_n at_o the_o star-chamber_n be_v do_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o he_o answer_v i_o it_o be_v and_o withal_o he_o desire_v i_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n between_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o mintmaster_n concern_v the_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n hide_v from_o report_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v according_a to_o our_o former_a conference_n i_o tell_v he_o that_o according_a to_o the_o issue_n join_v between_o he_o and_o i_o that_o the_o mintmaster_n have_v not_o pocket_v up_o any_o such_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n as_o his_o account_n be_v charge_v withal_o i_o will_v make_v that_o plain_a by_o demonstration_n which_o he_o say_v be_v his_o desire_n whereupon_o i_o frame_v my_o answer_n as_o follow_v money_n four_o assay_n of_o bullion_n and_o money_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n sir_n but_o you_o have_v mark_v my_o observation_n of_o the_o four_o several_a assay_n make_v concern_v bullion_n and_o money_n namely_o the_o first_o of_o the_o ingot_n before_o melt_v the_o second_o of_o the_o pot_n assay_v after_o melt_v the_o three_o of_o the_o money_n complete_a make_v thereof_o and_o the_o four_o and_o supreme_a trial_n of_o money_n at_o the_o star-chamber_n as_o it_o be_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n all_o which_o be_v do_v in_o manner_n alike_o you_o have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n tell_v i_o that_o their_o operation_n or_o effect_n be_v also_o alike_o for_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o ingot_n there_o the_o copple_n have_v drink_v in_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n for_o the_o pot_n assay_v there_o two_o penny_n weight_n be_v drink_v in_o also_o the_o assay_v make_v of_o the_o complete_a money_n have_v drink_v in_o the_o like_o two_o penny_n weight_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o high_a trial_n of_o all_o have_v drink_v in_o the_o like_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n how_o can_v it_o then_o be_v pocket_v up_o by_o the_o mintmaster_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bullion_n remain_v in_o the_o pot_n find_v in_o the_o money_n and_o confirm_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a trial_n and_o why_o shall_v the_o mint-master_n account_v be_v charge_v either_o with_o a_o imaginary_a or_o substantial_a thing_n which_o he_o never_o have_v or_o enjoy_v resolution_n a_o tacite_fw-la resolution_n to_o this_o the_o assay-master_n answer_v rather_o by_o sign_n than_o word_n say_v it_o be_v otherwise_o take_v and_o understand_v and_o himself_o take_v now_o better_a notice_n of_o it_o and_o wish_v that_o truth_n may_v prevail_v according_a to_o the_o say_n magna_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la praevalet_fw-la praevaluit_fw-la &_o praevalebit_fw-la and_o so_o end_v our_o suppose_a discourse_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o mint_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o recompense_v they_o that_o may_v take_v offence_n for_o discuss_v the_o premise_n and_o let_v we_o be_v like_o nathaniel_n in_o who_o there_o be_v no_o guile_n qui_fw-la vadit_fw-la planè_fw-la vadit_fw-la sanè_fw-la howbeit_o discretion_n be_v requisite_a the_o assay_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o make_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o mark_n which_o be_v eight_o ounce_n troy_n and_o they_o take_v twenty_o grain_n to_o make_v their_o assay_n by_o which_o be_v correspondent_a with_o our_o fifteen_o grain_n us._n thirty_o two_o grain_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o than_o 24_o grain_n with_o us._n for_o they_o divide_v their_o english_a or_o penny_n weight_n in_o thirty_o two_o ass_n or_o grain_n which_o from_o twenty_o four_o unto_o thirty_o two_o differ_v one_o three_o part_n so_o be_v fifteen_o unto_o twenty_o also_o a_o three_o part_n for_o this_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v call_v english_a weight_n and_o the_o other_o french_a weight_n in_o the_o low_a country_n but_o the_o english_a weight_n be_v most_o use_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o english_a or_o penny_n weight_n mark_n english_a mark_n and_o every_o english_a thirty_o two_o grain_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v 5120_o grain_n to_o the_o mark_n this_o mark_n and_o one_o half_a make_v within_o a_o little_a our_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n for_o the_o pound_n weight_n be_v in_o grain_n 7680._o the_o french_a weight_n call_v penny_n weight_n be_v also_o eight_o ounce_n mark_n french_a mark_n every_o ounce_n four_o and_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 6912_o grain_n for_o the_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o 4608_o grain_n for_o the_o eight_o ounce_n these_o grain_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o twenty_o four_o garobe_n or_o prime_n and_o the_o prime_n in_o twenty_o four_o second_o and_o the_o second_o in_o 24_o tercy_n or_o malloquen_n which_o be_v superfluous_a notwithstanding_o all_o the_o say_a weight_n and_o division_n to_o make_v assay_n they_o use_v another_o weight_n weight_n assay_v weight_n which_o every_o man_n make_v according_a to_o his_o fancy_n but_o most_o common_o they_o will_v divide_v the_o mark_n in_o twelve_o denier_n or_o penny_n and_o the_o penny_n into_o twenty_o four_o grain_n and_o then_o grain_n subdivide_v of_o paper_n make_v ⅛_n 1_o 10_o and_o 1_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o concur_v near_a with_o our_o assay_n weight_n for_o if_o one_o pound_n of_o silver_n do_v contain_v 1_o 12_o part_n copper_n they_o call_v this_o eleven_o denier_n fine_a as_o we_o say_v eleven_o ounce_n fine_a for_o the_o gold_n likewise_o they_o do_v use_v the_o same_o weight_n account_v for_o every_o denier_n or_o penny_n weight_n two_o carrat_n so_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n for_o twelve_o denier_n or_o ounce_n and_o consequent_o eleven_o denier_n be_v twenty_o two_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o gold_n mark_n be_v twenty_o four_o carrat_n mark_n gold_n mark_n silver_n mark_n a_o carrot_fw-la be_v twelve_o grain_n so_o 288_o in_o the_o mark_n so_o the_o silver_n mark_v of_o twelve_o denier_n of_o twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 288_o grain_n also_o which_o be_v big_a grain_n divide_v into_o four_o prime_n or_o siliquas_fw-la be_v 1152._o they_o use_v also_o a_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o say_v twelve_o shilling_n to_o the_o mark_n pound_n pound_n mark_v pound_n every_o shilling_n twelve_o penny_n and_o every_o penny_n twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 3456_o grain_n in_o the_o mark_n all_o which_o be_v do_v to_o make_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n intricate_a in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o sheir_a of_o their_o money_n money_n shire_n money_n they_o will_v for_o every_o piece_n make_v a_o penny_n as_o if_o there_o be_v make_v seventie_o eight_o piece_n out_o of_o a_o mark_n they_o will_v say_v it_o ☞_o hold_v six_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n in_o the_o shire_n or_o for_o 62_o piece_n five_o shilling_n two_o penny_n and_o so_o obscure_a thing_n to_o take_v advantage_n upon_o other_o for_o the_o mint-master_n of_o the_o low_a country_n and_o germany_n be_v very_o experience_v in_o mint_n matter_n and_o the_o assay_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o grain_n may_v deceive_v much_o if_o by_o trial_n the_o calculation_n be_v not_o right_o make_v and_o if_o the_o say_a mint-master_n be_v not_o subtle_a yet_o the_o general_n which_o follow_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n do_v nothing_o else_o but_o study_n these_o thing_n always_o therefore_o let_v we_o observe_v more_o particular_n of_o their_o proceed_n as_o follow_v in_o the_o make_n of_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o will_v use_v many_o time_n to_o make_v piece_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o courser_n gold_n as_o the_o imperial_a royal_a and_o the_o half_a royal_a the_o one_o twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o the_o other_o but_o eighteen_o carrat_n or_o the_o flanders_n crown_n of_o 22_o carrat_n in_o germany_n the_o ducat_n and_o the_o gold_n guildren_n which_o for_o work_n be_v mix_v be_v serviceable_a admit_v by_o connivance_n the_o melt_a of_o the_o money_n rather_o than_o for_o want_v of_o it_o bullion_n shall_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o their_o mint_n therefore_o they_o also_o take_v little_a for_o the_o coinage_n because_o it_o shall_v soon_o come_v unto_o they_o than_o unto_o other_o minter_n where_o the_o coinage_n or_o seignoriage_n be_v great_a and_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v but_o small_a yet_o will_v they_o find_v mean_n to_o make_v other_o prince_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o transportation_n money_n make_v for_o transportation_n and_o cause_n money_n to_o be_v make_v for_o transportation_n especial_o for_o the_o east_n country_n to_o buy_v corn_n to_o bring_v the_o same_o unto_o their_o magazine_n whereby_o trade_n be_v increase_v and_o spain_n and_o portugal_n supply_v the_o same_o by_o suffer_v money_n to_o be_v
what_o 36_o carrat_n fine_a be_v and_o that_o one_o mark_v and_o a_o half_o be_v take_v to_o the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n they_o have_v do_v the_o like_a for_o finesse_n and_o unaduised_o term_v gold_n thirty_o and_o six_o carrat_n fine_a which_o be_v exorbitant_a of_o the_o general_a observation_n touch_v the_o several_a standard_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o content_n of_o the_o say_a declaration_n whereby_o a_o man_n shall_v many_o time_n receive_v coin_n of_o above_o twenty_o standard_n in_o one_o hundred_o pound_n it_o be_v the_o only_a fallacy_n in_o exchange_n that_o can_v be_v whereby_o no_o merchant_n be_v able_a to_o know_v whether_o he_o have_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v he_o but_o he_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o stream_n of_o valuation_n and_o toleration_n of_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n as_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n shall_v be_v declare_v and_o all_o man_n common_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o great_a money_n use_v in_o every_o country_n make_v account_n that_o other_o small_a money_n have_v their_o true_a valuation_n thereafter_o as_o the_o philip_n dollar_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a coin_n standard_n of_o foreign_a coin_n and_z 7_o 9_o 04_o piece_n to_o the_o mark_n the_o holland_n dollar_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 8_o 8_o 9_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n the_o spanish_a royal_a of_o eleven_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o nine_o piece_n the_o mark_n the_o gueldres_n and_o frizeland_n dollar_n of_o ten_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o 9_o â—_o 2_o piece_n the_o shilling_n of_o zealand_n of_o six_o ounce_n fine_a and_o thirty_o and_o eight_o piece_n the_o mark_n the_o golden_a royal_a of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a and_o forty_o and_o six_o piece_n the_o mark_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o seventie_o and_o two_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n the_o golden_a rider_n of_o the_o state_n of_o twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n and_o twenty_o and_o four_o in_o the_o mark_n the_o albertin_n or_o ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a and_o be_v seventie_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n or_o thirty_o and_o five_o double_a piece_n and_o their_o daily_a new_a coin_n which_o they_o make_v of_o several_a standard_n which_o require_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n but_o we_o have_v shun_v industry_n and_o labour_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o contrary_a to_o my_o first_o intention_n i_o abreviate_v some_o thing_n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n concern_v their_o finesse_n and_o number_n of_o piece_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n every_o ounce_n contain_v twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o in_o finesse_n twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la four_o grain_n calculate_v for_o the_o foreign_a coin_n upon_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o english_a and_o every_o english_a thirty_o and_o two_o aze_n for_o the_o pound_n weight_n and_o in_o finesse_n twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la twelve_o grain_n unnecessary_a fraction_n omit_v the_o imperial_a royal_a of_o gold_n always_o account_v equal_a with_o the_o english_a angel_n in_o finesse_n and_o in_o weight_n but_o a_o little_a differ_v of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n ½_n and_o sixty_o and_o nine_o piece_n weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n troy_n the_o half_a royal_a be_v but_o eighteen_o carrat_n in_o finesse_n and_o 105_o â…“_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o carolus_n guildren_n be_v â…”_n part_n of_o it_o but_o fourteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 126_o piece_n the_o rose_n noble_a of_o england_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ¾_n grain_n fine_a and_o 46_o ¾_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o double_a royal_a of_o austria_n of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a and_o 24_o ¾_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o noble_n of_o holland_n vtrech_n and_o ouerrysel_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o forty_o and_o eight_o piece_n the_o gold_n guildren_n of_o eighteen_o carrat_n three_o grain_n scarce_o in_o finesse_n and_o 112_o ½_n piece_n the_o half_a noble_a or_o hungary_n ducat_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o â…™_n grain_n fine_a and_o 113_o ½_n piece_n the_o bishop_n ducat_n fine_a twenty_o and_o three_o carrats_n ½_n and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o ducat_n of_o italy_n venice_n turkey_n and_o rome_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n other_o italian_a ducat_n and_o the_o ducat_n of_o gelder_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n the_o angel_n of_o england_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o seventie_o two_o piece_n the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o say_a queen_n twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o sixty_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o old_a sovereign_n of_o more_o weight_n twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 54_o ¾_n piece_n the_o half_a sovereign_n fine_a but_o twenty_o carrat_n and_o 120_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o angel_n with_o the_o o._n be_v but_o 23_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 72_o scarce_o to_o the_o pound_n the_o angel_n with_o three_o lion_n 22_o carrot_fw-la sine_fw-la and_o 76_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o half_a noble_a with_o the_o lion_n and_o the_o noble_a of_o bridges_n 23_o carrat_n and_o 88_o ½_n piece_n the_o andrew_n guilder_n fine_a eighteen_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o one_o grain_n some_o piece_n 108._o the_o gulielmus_fw-la gilder_n sine_fw-la eighteen_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o gold_n guilder_n of_o the_o state_n twenty_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 120_o ¾_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o golden_a fleece_n or_o toyson_n d'_fw-fr or_o 23_o carrat_n three_o grain_n ¼_n and_o 81_o â…™_n piece_n the_o phillip_n guildren_n fine_a fifteen_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 111_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o joannes_n guildren_n fine_a sixteen_o carrat_n and_o 109_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o noble_n of_o gaunt_n and_o zealand_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n fine_a and_o fifty_o four_o piece_n the_o half_a imperial_a crown_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n 1_o ½_n grain_n and_o 107_o ½_n piece_n the_o henricus_n noble_a of_o england_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o 53_o ¾_n piece_n the_o old_a english_a crown_n somewhat_o better_o than_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n the_o henry_n noble_a of_o france_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o fifty_o one_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o half_a henry_n noble_a fine_a twenty_o two_o carrat_n 2_o ½_n grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o floret_fw-la crown_n of_o france_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n the_o charles_n french_a crown_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n the_o floret_fw-la of_o france_n stand_v twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o old_a golden_a lion_n of_o flanders_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 79_o ¾_n piece_n the_o ducat_n of_o castille_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_o 79_o ¾_n piece_n likewise_o the_o spanish_a ducat_n 23_o carrat_n two_o grain_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o holland_n ducat_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n two_o grain_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n likewise_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o zealand_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n ½_n fine_a and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n of_o navarre_n majorca_n and_o other_o twenty_o three_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o spanish_a pistolet_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o milreys_n ducat_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n one_o grain_n fine_a and_o forty_o eight_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o contrefait_a milrey_n be_v but_o twenty_o one_o carrot_fw-la sine_fw-la and_o likewise_o forty_o eight_o piece_n the_o emanuel_n ducat_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o emanuel_n great_a crusate_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 10_o ½_n piece_n the_o joannes_n great_a crusate_n be_v but_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_z 10_o ½_n piece_n the_o ducat_n with_o the_o short_a cross_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 105_o piece_n the_o ducat_n with_o the_o long_a cross_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n one_o grain_n fine_a and_o likewise_o 105_o piece_n the_o ducat_n with_o the_o long_a cross_n
be_v condemn_v and_o forbid_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o imperial_a law_n civil_a and_o canon_n law_n ancient_a father_n decretal_n learned_a philosopher_n eloquent_a orator_n historiographer_n and_o lawgivers_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o cause_v i_o some_o year_n since_o to_o write_v a_o small_a england_n small_a saint_n george_n for_o england_n treatise_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o usury_n in_o kingdom_n state_n and_o commonweal_n show_v although_o allegorical_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o with_o the_o six_o member_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v clergyman_n magistrate_n nobleman_n merchant_n artificer_n and_o husbandman_n by_o overthrow_v the_o harmonical_a government_n of_o they_o by_o too_o much_o enrich_v some_o and_o by_o oppress_v and_o impoverish_v some_o other_o bring_v the_o instrument_n out_o of_o tune_n when_o as_o every_o member_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v live_v content_v in_o his_o vocation_n and_o execute_v his_o charge_n according_a to_o his_o profession_n whereby_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v govern_v in_o the_o best_a and_o most_o assure_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v and_o as_o it_o be_v seek_v a_o kind_n of_o certainty_n in_o uncertainty_n which_o be_v term_v policy_n for_o all_o worldly_a and_o transitory_a thing_n be_v mutable_a make_v the_o world_n proper_o to_o consist_v of_o discord_n and_o dissension_n a_o very_a uncertain_a ground_n to_o build_v upon_o and_o yet_o a_o certain_a equality_n and_o concord_n be_v require_v in_o every_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n the_o prince_n and_o governor_n have_v the_o dispose_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o equality_n concern_v traffic_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o country_n and_o concord_n among_o the_o member_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n when_o every_o member_n thereof_o do_v live_v content_o and_o proportionable_o in_o his_o vocation_n both_o these_o be_v confound_v by_o intolerable_a usury_n which_o be_v describe_v under_o the_o invent_a history_n of_o saint_n george_n george_n the_o history_n of_o s._n george_n whereby_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v prefigure_v deliver_v the_o virgin_n which_o do_v signify_v the_o sinful_a soul_n of_o christian_n from_o the_o dragon_n or_o devil_n power_n so_o by_o the_o person_n of_o saint_n george_n be_v understand_v the_o king_n authority_n arm_v with_o the_o right_a armour_n of_o christian_n who_o with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n most_o holy_a word_n explain_v and_o corroborate_v with_o several_a other_o law_n signify_v by_o the_o pybald_n horse_n whereon_o he_o be_v mount_v do_v destroy_v the_o dragon_n usury_n have_v two_o wing_n to_o advance_v himself_o be_v vsura_fw-la palliata_fw-la and_o vsura_fw-la explicata_fw-la and_o his_o inconstant_a tail_n cambium_n the_o virgin_n or_o king_n daughter_n be_v treasure_n and_o money_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o his_o mean_n and_o foreign_a nation_n the_o allegory_n whereof_o require_v a_o due_a consideration_n and_o will_v in_o plain_a term_n be_v distasteful_a to_o diverse_a this_o dragon_n bring_v inequality_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o tail_n wherein_o lie_v his_o great_a strength_n make_v the_o expense_n thereof_o to_o surmount_v the_o revenue_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o which_o disease_n those_o will_v be_v think_v to_o be_v very_o foolish_a physician_n that_o by_o their_o medicine_n shall_v cast_v the_o body_n politic_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n into_o a_o more_o dangerous_a sickness_n wherefore_o as_o the_o wound_n of_o this_o dragon_n usury_n be_v inveterate_v so_o must_v he_o be_v deal_v withal_o by_o degree_n and_o lenity_n admit_v he_o for_o the_o time_n as_o most_o state_n and_o goverment_n do_v as_o a_o necessary_a evil_n in_o regard_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n evil_n a_o necessary_a evil_n albeit_o that_o many_o usurer_n be_v like_a unto_o jew_n who_o think_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o take_v any_o forfeiture_n be_v it_o never_o so_o unequal_a and_o unjust_a any_o mortgage_n any_o pawn_n nothing_o be_v amiss_o for_o they_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o that_o win_v which_o we_o call_v anatokismos_n that_o be_v usury_n upon_o usury_n no_o they_o dread_v not_o to_o take_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o week_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v because_o we_o be_v stranger_n as_o if_o we_o be_v all_o canaanite_n or_o some_o of_o the_o seven_o nation_n which_o be_v as_o well_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n as_o to_o be_v root_v out_o by_o josuah_n but_o these_o man_n can_v allege_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o defence_n but_o greedy_a lucre_n *_o dtridot_n chap._n xi_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n you_o may_v perceive_v what_o law_n and_o prohibition_n be_v make_v against_o usury_n and_o nevertheless_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o be_v most_o usual_a in_o many_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o the_o law_n be_v also_o make_v according_o for_o this_o sin_n be_v rather_o in_o the_o conscience_n than_o in_o the_o act_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o penalty_n impose_v upon_o it_o by_o god_n law_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v tolerate_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o so_o do_v some_o other_o law_n twelve_o and_o more_o but_o the_o intent_n and_o not_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v weigh_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n law_n in_o the_o narrative_a part_n say_v that_o whereas_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n yet_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o be_v tolerate_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o year_n which_o by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v sue_v for_o by_o the_o law_n but_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_o take_v above_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n the_o principle_n be_v lose_v and_o treble_a damage_n the_o word_n usury_n be_v not_o so_o odious_a in_o time_n past_a as_o it_o be_v now_o take_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o usury_n politic_a usury_n threefold_a usury_n no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o usury_n natural_a and_o usury_n spiritual_a and_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o maintain_v usury_n politic_a in_o all_o respect_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n that_o have_v the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o warrant_n but_o the_o over-precisenes_n therein_o may_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v theft_n by_o death_n but_o only_o by_o restitution_n and_o as_o cato_n say_v rustica_fw-la cato_n de_fw-fr rustica_fw-la when_o a_o thief_n be_v punish_v to_o pay_v the_o double_a of_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o usurer_n be_v always_o condemn_v to_o pay_v four_o time_n the_o value_n the_o law_n therefore_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n nature_n condition_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o simple_o to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n take_v above_o the_o principal_n be_v usury_n be_v wonderful_a strict_a unless_o you_o take_v the_o word_n usury_n to_o be_v bite_a because_o the_o same_o be_v never_o hurtful_a but_o where_o it_o bit_v and_o the_o matter_n of_o conscience_n consist_v in_o the_o not_o get_v of_o your_o debtor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n the_o usury_n be_v great_a therefore_o to_o take_v but_o two_o or_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o one_o that_o make_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o money_n than_o to_o take_v ten_o or_o twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v a_o great_a gain_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pecunia_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la parere_fw-la alienas_fw-la negociari_fw-la miserias_fw-la fratrem_fw-la non_fw-la mor_fw-fr debis_fw-la non_fw-la munera_fw-la super_fw-la innocentem_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o take_v nay_o than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a for_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o law_n or_o otherwise_o admonish_v to_o lend_v money_n unto_o those_o that_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o conscience_n to_o be_v use_v if_o a_o man_n have_v get_v well_o by_o another_o man_n money_n and_o do_v pay_v the_o same_o again_o without_o any_o interest_n or_o profit_n also_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n take_v it_o be_v considerable_a that_o if_o i_o do_v lend_v money_n to_o he_o that_o have_v need_n and_o can_v afterward_o prove_v that_o for_o want_n of_o that_o money_n i_o have_v sustain_v great_a loss_n or_o if_o my_o debtor_n do_v break_v day_n with_o i_o when_o i_o look_v to_o have_v it_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v and_o
and_o arithmetical_a proportion_n and_o the_o rule_n quadrant_n quadrant_n the_o rule_n quadrant_n or_o the_o golden_a rule_n of_o arithmetic_n prove_v unto_o any_o man_n of_o understanding_n that_o in_o calculation_n these_o four_o thing_n must_v concur_v first_o principal_a principal_a you_o may_v find_v out_o by_o your_o interest_n money_n and_o the_o time_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n what_o the_o sum_n be_v which_o be_v deliver_v at_o interest_n second_o rate_n rate_n at_o what_o rate_n according_a to_o the_o time_n such_o a_o sum_n be_v deliver_v three_o time_n time_n the_o time_n for_o which_o it_o be_v deliver_v at_o such_o a_o rate_n and_o last_o interest_n interest_n what_o the_o interest_n money_n be_v for_o the_o sum_n deliver_v according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o all_o these_o posito_fw-la in_fw-la any_o one_o sum_n for_o all_o will_v manifest_v the_o delivery_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n of_o twelve_o ordinary_a month_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v so_o deliver_v out_o for_o by_o invert_v postpound_v and_o suppose_v all_o must_v produce_v these_o just_a and_o positive_a sum_n whereby_o you_o may_v be_v assure_v whether_o you_o term_v your_o money_n deliver_v out_o according_a to_o the_o art_n and_o rule_v of_o arithmetic_n the_o principle_n whereof_o be_v infallible_a or_o whether_o be_v deceive_v therein_o you_o have_v unaware_o make_v a_o usurious_a contract_n as_o many_o do_v ignorant_o calculator_n auditor_n or_o calculator_n the_o civilians_n especial_o benvenutâ—_n straccha_n term_v those_o which_o we_o call_v auditor_n or_o accountant_n calculatores_fw-la which_o in_o deed_n be_v to_o be_v very_o judicious_a in_o matter_n of_o account_n as_o skilful_a in_o the_o account_v able_a by_o position_n to_o find_v out_o hide_v sum_n for_o it_o fall_v out_o many_o time_n in_o prince_n account_n that_o sum_n be_v name_v which_o have_v relation_n to_o other_o sum_n and_o must_v by_o supposition_n be_v find_v out_o and_o can_v be_v do_v as_o they_o say_v calculando_fw-la for_o example_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o three_o year_n every_o year_n to_o be_v pay_v whereof_o the_o first_o sum_n posito_fw-la be_v 500_o will_v and_o the_o four_o or_o last_o sum_n be_v 665_o will_v â—0_n ss_z between_o these_o two_o you_o be_v to_o find_v two_o sum_n proportionable_a multiply_v 500_o will_v within_o itself_o be_v 500000_o with_o this_o multiply_v the_o 665_o will_v 10_o ss_z of_o the_o product_n take_v your_o cubike_a root_n be_v 550_o for_o the_o second_o sum_n now_o to_o find_v your_o three_o sum_n multiply_v 665_o 10_o with_o 550_o be_v â—3200_n your_o quadrant_n root_n be_v medium_fw-la between_o 2_o and_o 4_o be_v 605_o and_o so_o you_o have_v your_o sum_n and_o the_o interest_n you_o find_v to_o be_v 10_o pro_fw-la cent_n the_o like_a for_o 5_o 6_o or_o more_o sum_n which_o by_o geometâ—iâ—_n be_v yet_o more_o easy_a penny_n reduction_n of_o maluady_n into_o ducat_n shilling_n and_o penny_n so_o we_o find_v that_o for_o matter_n of_o division_n to_o reduce_v million_o of_o maluady_n in_o spain_n into_o ducat_n without_o much_o division_n by_o 375_o maluady_n for_o the_o ducat_n and_o then_o the_o shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o ducat_n make_v in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n take_v â…“_n part_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o the_o overplus_n if_o any_o be_v put_v it_o down_o for_o shilling_n and_o penny_n than_o in_o like_a manner_n take_v â…•_n of_o that_o sum_n and_o again_o â…•_n of_o that_o sum_n and_o last_o â…•_n of_o that_o sum_n be_v â…—_n derive_v from_o â…“_n and_o you_o have_v your_o ducat_n shilling_n and_o penny_n of_o ducat_n in_o vntratto_n as_o the_o italian_a say_v in_o like_a manner_n divide_v by_o all_o the_o number_n contain_v in_o the_o table_n of_o multiplication_n for_o 42_o take_v â…™_n and_o 1_o 7_o for_o 63_o take_v 1_o 7_o and_o 1_o 9_o part_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o other_o sum_n for_o six_o time_n seven_o be_v forty_o and_o two_o chap._n xvi_o of_o usurious_a contract_n i_o need_v not_o to_o make_v double_a inculcation_n against_o usury_n for_o the_o civillians_n have_v be_v so_o precise_a in_o the_o description_n of_o usurious_a contract_n vsuris_fw-la doctor_n wilsoâ—_n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la which_o doctor_n wâ—lson_n have_v note_v that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o any_o merchant_n to_o escape_v the_o censure_v of_o be_v a_o usurer_n albeit_o not_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o all_o merchant_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o he_o conclude_v lend_v no_o usury_n without_o lend_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o lend_v there_o can_v be_v no_o usury_n wherein_o he_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o mutuum_fw-la locatio_fw-la and_o commodatum_fw-la declare_v mutuum_fw-la to_o be_v where_o my_o good_n be_v make_v thou_o locatio_fw-la where_o a_o thing_n be_v â—ut_v forth_o or_o let_v to_o hire_n the_o property_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o owner_n who_o bear_v the_o adventure_n thereof_o and_o commodatum_fw-la to_o be_v a_o let_v or_o lend_v without_o alteration_n of_o the_o property_n also_o but_o free_a without_o any_o gain_n at_o all_o where_o for_o hire_v a_o gain_n be_v take_v and_o so_o he_o make_v a_o description_n of_o vsuror_n if_o they_o deal_v in_o manner_n follow_v if_o any_o commodity_n be_v sell_v unto_o any_o man_n who_o buy_v the_o same_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o broker_n or_o otherwise_o to_o make_v a_o shift_n and_o to_o sell_v the_o same_o instant_o to_o make_v money_n of_o to_o supply_v his_o occasion_n lose_v thereby_o as_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n the_o seller_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v a_o usurer_n in_o this_o case_n if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o say_a seller_n do_v buy_v or_o cause_v the_o say_a commodity_n to_o be_v buy_v again_o direct_o or_o indirect_o the_o statute_n against_o usury_n will_v take_v hold_n of_o he_o and_o that_o very_o just_o i_o do_v borrow_v of_o a_o man_n one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n promise_v to_o give_v his_o wife_n a_o satin_n gown_n or_o a_o amble_a gelding_n hereupon_o he_o forbear_v his_o money_n for_o many_o month_n more_o without_o interest_n it_o be_v usury_n i_o do_v bind_v my_o land_n worth_n twenty_o pound_n by_o the_o year_n to_o a_o man_n for_o one_o hundred_o pound_n in_o money_n for_o a_o year_n and_o do_v not_o pass_v it_o by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n if_o the_o creditor_n do_v take_v the_o revenue_n and_o his_o principal_n it_o be_v usury_n be_v it_o that_o a_o man_n dare_v a_o hundred_o pound_n free_o and_o hope_v assure_o to_o have_v some_o thankful_a recompense_n at_o the_o year_n end_n this_o be_v mentalis_fw-la vsura_fw-la what_o if_o one_o lend_v money_n in_o hope_n to_o get_v a_o office_n this_o be_v also_o usury_n if_o one_o lend_v a_o man_n money_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n because_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v speak_v a_o good_a word_n for_o he_o or_o do_v he_o a_o certain_a pleasure_n it_o be_v a_o rule_v case_n that_o for_o so_o much_o as_o a_o covenant_n be_v past_a it_o be_v usury_n i_o do_v lend_v you_o one_o hundred_o pound_n that_o you_o shall_v do_v as_o much_o for_o i_o when_o i_o shall_v demand_v it_o of_o you_o this_o be_v usury_n because_o a_o contract_n be_v simple_o make_v without_o any_o addition_n of_o time_n appoint_v whereas_o if_o he_o have_v ask_v so_o much_o at_o the_o year_n end_n than_o it_o have_v be_v no_o usury_n but_o permutation_n when_o one_o good_a turn_n be_v do_v for_o another_o and_o the_o time_n know_v certain_a a_o lord_n do_v lend_v his_o tenant_n money_n with_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v plough_v his_o land_n if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v they_o for_o their_o labour_n but_o with_o the_o use_n it_o be_v usury_n i_o will_v borrow_v and_o one_o sell_v i_o ware_n for_o more_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a by_o the_o half_a the_o seller_n be_v a_o usurer_n i_o do_v sell_v commodity_n unto_o a_o man_n for_o six_o month_n at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n and_o afterward_o he_o pay_v i_o in_o ready_a money_n deduct_v the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o this_o be_v usury_n the_o father-in-law_n do_v lend_v his_o son_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o take_v in_o pawn_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o dower_n and_o convert_v the_o fruit_n thereof_o to_o himself_o for_o the_o lone_a of_o money_n this_o father-in-law_n be_v a_o usurer_n he_o that_o buy_v before_o hand_n corn_n wine_n or_o oil_n so_o good_a cheap_a as_o he_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o be_v a_o loser_n but_o a_o gainer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o harvest_n the_o same_o man_n be_v a_o usurer_n i_o do_v lend_v one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o my_o friend_n
no_o usury_n i_o be_o surety_n for_o one_o and_o pay_v the_o debt_n 2._o exeunt_n side_n iussâ—r_v c._n 1._o &_o 2._o pay_v usury_n for_o the_o same_o money_n the_o principal_a debtor_n for_o who_o i_o be_v bind_v be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o i_o the_o usury_n and_o the_o payment_n unto_o i_o be_v no_o usury_n for_o i_o receive_v but_o my_o own_o a_o man_n by_o testament_n grant_v a_o legacy_n and_o will_v his_o son_n to_o pay_v the_o legacy_n and_o so_o much_o nomine_fw-la poenae_fw-la for_o non_fw-la pay_v it_o the_o law_n say_v the_o testator_n may_v charge_v his_o executor_n or_o heir_n under_o a_o penalty_n to_o pay_v his_o legacy_n and_o the_o same_o be_v no_o usury_n but_o if_o the_o testator_n shall_v say_v thus_o i_o will_v that_o my_o son_n or_o executor_n shall_v pay_v for_o every_o month_n that_o they_o be_v behind_o hand_n so_o much_o and_o so_o from_o month_n to_o month_n till_o it_o be_v pay_v this_o be_v usury_n say_v the_o lawyer_n because_o the_o time_n be_v mention_v and_o pein_v wherein_o baldus_n be_v absolute_a the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v most_o in_o thing_n passive_a and_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v leave_v only_o between_o man_n with_o certain_a caution_n sail_v thus_o dangerous_o between_o the_o two_o rock_n of_o sylla_n and_o charybdis_n with_o the_o great_a tempest_n about_o usury_n look_v that_o the_o bright_a and_o fortunate_a star_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n shall_v appear_v to_o bring_v a_o calm_a in_o detestation_n of_o all_o usury_n loe_o a_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n be_v bring_v forth_o ground_v upon_o traffic_n and_o usury_n yet_o with_o a_o religious_a care_n to_o prevent_v the_o bite_a usury_n upon_o the_o poor_a and_o honest_a householder_n and_o to_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v peace_n through_o all_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a and_o particular_a quarrel_n and_o difference_n between_o prince_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o admirable_a *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n the_o particular_n of_o this_o princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n be_v compile_v by_o certain_a politician_n of_o diverse_a nation_n be_v exhibit_v unto_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 1608_o by_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n and_o command_v to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o i_o to_o translate_v the_o same_o into_o english_a but_o i_o find_v the_o original_n to_o be_v in_o latin_a and_o italian_a and_o partly_o in_o french_a as_o it_o have_v be_v propound_v in_o diverse_a country_n unto_o other_o prince_n which_o have_v subscribe_v thereunto_o intend_v to_o have_v keep_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o but_o on_o the_o sudden_a be_v deprive_v thereof_o i_o do_v instant_o set_v down_o the_o substance_n follow_v of_o it_o to_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o gentleman_n and_o contentment_n of_o some_o of_o then_o my_o honourable_a friend_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o like_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o any_o universal_a conclusion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v the_o same_o public_a manifest_v thereby_o that_o usury_n politic_a be_v like_a to_o continue_v in_o all_o country_n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v therefore_o prevent_v bite_a usury_n upon_o the_o poor_a by_o the_o charitable_a mean_n of_o pawne-house_n or_o mount_v of_o charity_n as_o aforesaid_a substance_n of_o the_o sole_a universal_a and_o perpetual_a contract_n of_o commerce_n or_o unite_a society_n of_o knighthood_n to_o be_v make_v between_o all_o prince_n and_o one_o private_a person_n for_o the_o sure_a maintain_n of_o peace_n among_o christian_n and_o increase_v of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n through_o all_o the_o world_n ground_v upon_o jus_o gentium_fw-la by_o the_o article_n follow_v the_o contract_n or_o covenant_n to_o be_v make_v with_o seven_o quality_n of_o person_n emperor_n king_n prince_n arch-duke_n earl_n knight_n and_o gentleman_n among_o which_o some_o merchant_n be_v comprise_v in_o all_o not_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o one_o hundred_o person_n with_o the_o poor_a to_o be_v reckon_v for_o one_o as_o be_v so_o many_o stake_n wherein_o seignory_n commonweal_n society_n and_o order_n shall_v be_v account_v for_o one_o also_o every_o stake_n to_o be_v from_o five_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a until_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o stake_n wherein_o emperor_n and_o king_n may_v not_o exceed_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n duke_n earl_n and_o commonweal_n two_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n a_o person_n no_o man_n to_o be_v adâ—aunced_v to_o this_o society_n but_o for_o his_o desert_n or_o wealth_n or_o for_o both_o wherein_o but_o one_o of_o the_o kindred_n to_o succeed_v the_o father_n or_o the_o near_a of_o consanguinity_n by_o default_n of_o son_n the_o person_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o noble_a or_o great_a in_o government_n every_o one_o a_o stake_n and_o the_o master_n of_o count_a house_n for_o a_o stake_n serve_v gratis_o or_o some_o other_o merchant_n these_o house_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v in_o all_o place_n of_o peace_n or_o security_n and_o all_o other_o place_n as_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o be_v govern_v and_o serve_v by_o correspondency_n which_o may_v be_v in_o number_n seven_o or_o nine_o to_o one_o stake_n and_o so_o augment_v the_o stock_n by_o their_o credit_n and_o mean_n according_o receive_v a_o proportionable_a gain_n of_o the_o benefit_n procure_v by_o their_o employment_n without_o any_o other_o use_n or_o consideration_n for_o their_o money_n the_o money_n deliver_v to_o this_o society_n for_o the_o stock_n to_o remain_v for_o ever_o by_o way_n of_o donation_n only_o the_o revenue_n yearly_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o party_n their_o heir_n or_o next_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o to_o the_o lawful_a assign_v or_o by_o default_n after_o a_o time_n to_o the_o poor_a the_o person_n advance_v by_o desert_n and_o without_o money_n bring_v in_o shall_v for_o their_o stake_n or_o so_o much_o as_o be_v want_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v allow_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o until_o the_o same_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o gain_n which_o be_v offer_v by_o four_o or_o five_o year_n revenue_n to_o be_v do_v or_o by_o deduction_n of_o six_o and_o one_o four_o part_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la no_o man_n for_o any_o criminal_a offence_n shall_v by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n lose_v his_o stake_n or_o for_o any_o misdemeanour_n hinder_v his_o posterity_n to_o enjoy_v the_o revenue_n thereof_o but_o lose_v his_o voice_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v equal_a and_o moreover_o for_o so_o much_o as_o the_o society_n may_v be_v hinder_v thereby_o defalcation_n by_o suspense_n of_o payment_n shall_v be_v make_v until_o reparation_n make_v thereof_o unto_o 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to_o give_v twenty_o per_fw-la 100_o for_o the_o year_n and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o die_v the_o principal_a be_v they_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o eight_o life_n by_o equality_n decrease_v the_o penny_n 8_o be_v 12_o will_v 10_o ss_z for_o two_o life_n 11_o will_v 2_o ss_z for_o three_o life_n 10_o will_v for_o four_o life_n 9_o will_v 1_o ss_z 9_o penny_n be_v 6_o will_v 5_o ss_z for_o eight_o life_n the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v good_a consideration_n and_o do_v observe_v this_o order_n upon_o a_o hundred_o gelder_n for_n eight_o life_n give_v 16_o 13_o 4_o life_n observation_n of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n of_o nine_o life_n 19_o 1_o 0_o upon_o ten_o life_n they_o give_v 22_o 4_o 5_o upon_o eleven_o life_n 26_o 13_o 4_o upon_o twelve_o life_n 33_o 6_o 8_o upon_o seven_o life_n 14_o 6_o 4_o upon_o six_o life_n 13_o 6_o 8_o here_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v the_o observation_n of_o assuror_n whether_o the_o person_n be_v young_a or_o old_a sober_a in_o their_o diet_n and_o behaviour_n much_o travel_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n subject_a to_o sickness_n and_o the_o like_a consideration_n house_n rent_n upon_o house_n money_n deliver_v upon_o annuity_n for_o rent_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a than_o pension_n upon_o life_n because_o you_o bear_v only_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o house_n or_o destruction_n of_o they_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v give_v without_o pawn_n than_o with_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n it_o be_v commodious_a for_o a_o man_n have_v waste_a ground_n and_o intend_v to_o build_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v much_o money_n upon_o rent_n after_o 6_o ¼_n pro_fw-la cent_n which_o many_o city_n give_v continual_o to_o increase_v their_o wealth_n and_o inhabitant_n and_o because_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n do_v often_o alter_v and_o be_v enhance_v whereby_o all_o thing_n become_v dear_a specie_fw-la rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la the_o party_n be_v 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some_o be_v substantial_a or_o real_a in_o specie_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o concur_v in_o price_n or_o value_n england_n england_n in_o england_n concern_v silver_n coin_n there_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a crown_n of_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n the_o shilling_n the_o six_o penny_n the_o four_o penny_n or_o groat_n the_o three_o penny_n two_o penny_n three_o half_a penny_n the_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n of_o sterling_a silver_n and_o the_o farthing_n of_o copper_n the_o ordinary_a golden_a coin_n be_v the_o unite_v piece_n of_o 22_o shilling_n the_o half_a of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o quarter_n of_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o the_o â…›_n part_v two_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n and_o the_o five_o piece_n coin_a at_o four_o shilling_n make_v twenty_o two_o shilling_n with_o the_o rose_n and_o the_o thistle_n the_o laureate_a king_n james_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a piece_n scotland_n scotland_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o cross_a dagger_n piece_n of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o their_o rider_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o for_o their_o silver_n coin_v the_o mark_n piece_n value_v at_o 13_o penny_n ½_n in_o england_n and_o the_o half_a of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o six_o small_a piece_n of_o above_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o say_a mark_n ireland_n ireland_n in_o ireland_n where_o no_o mint_n have_v be_v since_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n the_o fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a make_v twenty_o shilling_n irish_a and_o the_o silver_n harp_n of_o nine_o penny_n sterling_a be_v there_o currant_n for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o moiety_n thereof_o according_o and_o the_o abovesaid_a gold_n coin_n be_v currant_n as_o in_o england_n or_o in_o sterling_a reduce_v into_o their_o irish_a money_n one_o three_o part_n more_o so_o that_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o laureate_a king_n james_n be_v there_o four_o noble_n and_o all_o other_o division_n of_o it_o according_o so_o the_o english_a shilling_n be_v sixteen_o penny_n irish_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o according_o all_o other_o old_a irish_a coin_n be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o little_a quantity_n to_o be_v find_v of_o it_o in_o germany_n they_o make_v all_o their_o money_n by_o the_o account_n of_o batsen_n every_o bat_n four_o creutzer_n coin_v piece_n of_o three_o six_o germany_n germany_n and_o twelve_o creutzer_n so_o the_o ducat_n of_o hungary_n make_v 27_o batse_n the_o gold_n gelder_n eighteen_o batse_n the_o polish_v gelder_n or_o dolor_n fifteen_o batse_n teaston_n five_o batse_n the_o say_a gold_n gelder_n be_v value_n anno_fw-la 1520_o to_o be_v currant_n in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n whereby_o their_o corn_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v erroneous_a and_o imaginary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o piece_n in_o specie_fw-la so_o be_v the_o dolor_n and_o the_o silver_n gelder_n call_v gros_n or_o vnciales_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n the_o ancient_a roman_n call_v a_o ounce_n a_o gelder_n and_o the_o eight_o ounce_n make_v one_o mark_n and_o 12_o ounce_n or_o gelders_n be_v reckon_v for_o one_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v coin_a piece_n call_v nummi_fw-la dragmi_fw-la alius_fw-la grosleyn_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dolor_n angelicy_n be_v the_o â…™_n of_o a_o dolor_n make_v three_o batse_n or_o twelve_o creutzer_n call_v schriekenborger_n the_o say_v angelici_fw-la be_v tribute_n peny_n which_o be_v allay_v and_o make_v worse_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o bat_n as_o it_o be_v seek_v of_o a_o benefit_n which_o since_o have_v be_v more_o embase_v and_o therefore_o deserve_v that_o name_n of_o batse_n they_o be_v call_v in_o thuringia_n gulielmi_n and_o in_o bohemia_n bohemici_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a tribute_n whereof_o they_o have_v also_o 12_o piece_n divide_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o penny_n be_v all_o germany_n over_o two_o heller_n by_o way_n of_o account_n the_o dolor_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o sixty_o and_o five_o creutzer_n which_o in_o those_o coin_n so_o embase_v be_v answer_v by_o 72_o creutzers_n and_o in_o othâ—â—_n city_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v as_o follow_v upon_o diverse_a coin_n 〈◊〉_d make_v and_o some_o imaginary_a at_o augusta_n they_o have_v small_a money_n gross_v of_o three_o batse_n augusta_n augusta_n lion_n piece_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o creutzer_n the_o blackepennie_n four_o to_o one_o creutzer_n snubourgh_n blaphart_n or_o bohomicos_fw-la of_o three_o and_o 3_o ½_n creutzer_n the_o rycke_v dolor_n be_v thirty_o albes_fw-la of_o eight_o penny_n every_o albe_n or_o seventie_o and_o two_o creutzer_n for_o the_o say_a dolor_n at_o frankford_n they_o divide_v their_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n frankford_n frankford_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n in_o twelve_o heller_n according_a to_o the_o pound_n at_o norenbourgh_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o creutzer_n be_v four_o penny_n norenborough_n norenborough_n every_o penny_n two_o heller_n and_o five_o penny_n call_v a_o fynfer_v or_o five_o pennick_n at_o strasborough_n they_o use_v blapharts_n gross_v strasborough_n strasborough_n bohemicos_fw-la of_o three_o creutzer_n every_o blaphart_n six_o penny_n of_o two_o heller_n or_o four_o ortlyn_n at_o bohemia_n as_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o bohemici_n bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v whitgrosse_v of_o three_o creutzer_n the_o doller_n be_v twenty_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la of_o twelve_o angster_n every_o bohemico_fw-la ten_o penny_n and_o one_o mark_n be_v forty_o bohemicos_fw-la and_o scoc_n be_v sixty_o bohemicos_fw-la vienna_n vienna_n at_o vienna_n the_o rycke_v doller_n be_v eight_o shilling_n and_o the_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n trioll_n trioll_n at_o trioll_n the_o doller_n at_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n of_o five_o fynfer_v or_o heller_n the_o creutzer_n hungary_n hungary_n
follower_n and_o subject_n with_o better_a pay_n worthy_a of_o perpetual_a remembrance_n be_v that_o noble_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o seven_o notable_a example_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o in_o his_o singular_a wisdom_n and_o policy_n know_v how_o prince_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrong_v by_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o their_o treasure_n by_o fraudulent_a and_o deceitful_a account_n which_o either_o by_o ignorance_n or_o otherwise_o by_o connivance_n do_v pass_v do_v himself_o with_o great_a facility_n take_v a_o inspection_n in_o all_o his_o exchequer_n account_n by_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o say_a account_n enter_v in_o a_o book_n by_o some_o experience_a and_o skilful_a man_n in_o account_n whereunto_o his_o highness_n do_v subscribe_v his_o royal_a signature_n before_o the_o officer_n upon_o good_a certificate_n make_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n can_v have_v their_o quietus_n est_fw-la pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o the_o faid_a king_n be_v please_v many_o time_n to_o enter_v into_o particular_a examination_n of_o some_o of_o the_o account_n whereby_o he_o do_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o officer_n so_o that_o they_o become_v more_o careful_a and_o dare_v not_o commit_v any_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n by_o combination_n or_o toleration_n but_o his_o treasure_n be_v due_o administer_v and_o preserve_v this_o signature_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o say_a book_n be_v extant_a to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o majesty_n exchequer_n four_o providence_n of_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o urgent_a necessity_n cause_v the_o late_a french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o when_o he_o be_v king_n of_o navarre_n to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o his_o treasure_n in_o so_o much_o that_o afterward_o in_o possess_v the_o diadem_n of_o all_o france_n and_o call_v to_o remembrance_n his_o former_a observation_n by_o compare_v thing_n to_o their_o first_o principle_n he_o find_v that_o of_o every_o french_a crown_n be_v sixty_o sou_n which_o his_o coffer_n shall_v receive_v there_o come_v not_o above_o the_o four_o part_n de_fw-fr claro_fw-la unto_o he_o whereupon_o by_o root_a out_o of_o corruption_n depose_v of_o needless_a officer_n profitable_a emption_n of_o thing_n necessary_a and_o by_o wise_a dispose_n of_o they_o he_o bring_v è_fw-la contrario_fw-la three_o part_n of_o every_o crown_n unto_o his_o coffer_n and_o do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n accumulate_v a_o very_a great_a treasure_n and_o yet_o do_v he_o increase_v officer_n fee_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n which_o by_o accidental_a cause_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a account_n factor_n account_n thus_o much_o obiter_fw-la now_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v also_o a_o factor_n for_o other_o in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n deliver_v of_o money_n at_o interest_n and_o by_o deal_n in_o exchange_n and_o râ—changes_n have_v factoridge_n allow_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v betweâ—ne_v they_o the_o difference_n in_o keep_v other_o man_n account_n with_o who_o they_o have_v any_o correspondence_n be_v but_o small_a for_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n or_o merchandise_n sell_v they_o will_v entitle_v the_o account_n good_n of_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n do_v owe_v unto_o cash_n such_o a_o sum_n pay_v for_o custom_n and_o charge_n or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n buy_v he_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o discharge_v the_o account_n by_o make_v the_o say_a merchant_n debtor_n or_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v as_o the_o say_a account_n require_v which_o he_o do_v also_o charge_n with_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n for_o his_o sallarie_n and_o therefore_o all_o factor_n keep_v a_o particular_a account_n to_o know_v what_o they_o have_v get_v by_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n at_o the_o year_n end_n and_o then_o they_o charge_v that_o account_n with_o their_o charge_n and_o all_o such_o expense_n as_o they_o have_v be_v at_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v post_v to_o capital_a as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n or_o loss_n whereupon_o some_o other_o do_v bring_v their_o charge_n and_o expense_n and_o so_o carry_v all_o the_o provision_n to_o capital_a or_o stock_n herein_o every_o man_n may_v use_v his_o pleasure_n for_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n afford_v many_o distinction_n all_o which_o several_a branch_n or_o member_n of_o account_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o make_v up_o the_o the_o complete_a body_n for_o by_o the_o dismember_n of_o a_o account_n account_n dismember_a of_o account_n separate_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n you_o be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o many_o error_n and_o intricatenes_n of_o account_n by_o reduce_v the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o his_o perfection_n in_o this_o place_n may_v be_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n or_o calculation_n of_o money_n wherein_o the_o book_n of_o merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o because_o the_o same_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o several_a exchange_n between_o country_n and_o country_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o refer_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o exchange_n hereafter_o follow_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la with_o that_o notable_a question_n make_v by_o the_o civilians_n account_n a_o question_n make_v by_o civilians_n about_o book_n of_o account_n whether_o a_o merchant_n or_o a_o banker_n keep_v two_o book_n of_o account_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o his_o bank_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v trade_n of_o merchandise_n for_o ware_n shall_v be_v censure_v alike_o for_o such_o money_n as_o he_o owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n so_o that_o the_o creditor_n after_o his_o decease_n shall_v all_o stand_v in_o equal_a degree_n to_o be_v pay_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n if_o the_o banker_n estate_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o herein_o the_o judge_n of_o merchant_n do_v make_v no_o difference_n but_o the_o civilians_n have_v make_v a_o great_a distinction_n therein_o and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v more_o to_o be_v credit_v than_o the_o other_o for_o say_v benuenuto_fw-mi straccha_n the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v keep_v public_o and_o the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v secret_a to_o himself_o so_o that_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o as_o be_v two_o negotiation_n and_o to_o be_v deal_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o the_o mean_n thereof_o extant_a with_o such_o consideration_n as_o may_v be_v incident_a thereunto_o to_o declare_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n make_v no_o distinction_n in_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o testator_n debt_n between_o money_n owe_v for_o ware_n or_o for_o interest_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o book_n of_o account_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n entreat_v of_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n and_o money_n let_v we_o now_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o foreign_a part_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o as_o money_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o commodity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n so_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v many_o man_n can_v well_o discern_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o sundry_a matter_n because_o man_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o soul_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o spirit_n be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n soul_n but_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o understand_v the_o necessary_a distinction_n hereof_o reason_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o exchange_n saint_n paul_n in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o the_o thessalonian_o wish_v a_o sanctification_n to_o their_o spirit_n and_o soul_n 5.23_o 2._o thess._n 5.23_o and_o
north_n star_n some_o merchant_n be_v so_o far_o wide_a from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o value_n of_o coin_n and_o the_o exchange_n make_v thereupon_o that_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a rate_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n set_v to_o answer_v just_o the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n and_o disproportion_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o their_o intrinsicall_a and_o extrinsicall_a value_n but_o these_o merchant_n be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n have_v a_o proportionable_a valuation_n relative_a within_o themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n only_o the_o small_a and_o base_a coin_n have_v some_o little_a know_a advantage_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v of_o in_o exchange_n according_o proportionable_a valuation_n of_o money_n for_o exchange_n to_o be_v make_v according_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o money_n do_v exceed_v the_o big_a and_o fine_a coin_n this_o consideration_n have_v be_v have_v heretofore_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o par_fw-fr agree_v upon_o between_o the_o low-countries_n and_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o upon_o the_o philip_n doller_n the_o exchange_n be_v at_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n the_o par_fw-fr and_o the_o small_a money_n will_v exceed_v twenty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o upward_o but_o the_o quantity_n do_v not_o surmount_v the_o better_a coin_n the_o like_a be_v upon_o the_o par_fw-fr agree_v upon_o with_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n anno_fw-la 1586_o at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o with_o hamborough_n and_o stoade_n to_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n lubish_n upon_o the_o rickes_n doller_n of_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n or_o nine_o mark_n four_o shilling_n for_o our_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n make_v four_o dollar_n and_o one_o half_a to_o answer_v the_o say_v par_fw-fr which_o doller_n be_v enhance_v since_o to_o fifty_o four_o shilling_n and_o be_v receive_v now_o but_o four_o dollar_n for_o the_o same_o and_o so_o for_o other_o place_n according_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n the_o denomination_n of_o money_n which_o we_o call_v imaginary_a be_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a or_o proper_a money_n to_o be_v find_v in_o specie_fw-la whereupon_o the_o exchange_n be_v ground_v as_o it_o be_v in_o time_n pass_v in_o many_o place_n where_o some_o money_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o ground_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n upon_o as_o our_o angel_n noble_a be_v coin_a for_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n sterling_a whereupon_o exchange_n have_v be_v make_v as_o now_o be_v do_v upon_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o so_o may_v the_o new_a piece_n of_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n laureate_a be_v take_v but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v exchange_n upon_o the_o silver_n coin_n for_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v most_o rule_v thereby_o in_o all_o place_n which_o by_o the_o quantity_n be_v five_o hundred_o to_o one_o hence_o do_v proceed_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o our_o gold_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o silver_n the_o price_n of_o gold_n not_o so_o effectual_a as_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n be_v advance_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o silver_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v not_o rise_v albeit_o foreign_a nation_n do_v cause_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o fall_v but_o if_o silver_n be_v enhance_v present_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n will_v follow_v as_o the_o rule_n thereof_o and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n will_v fall_v more_o for_o exchange_n will_v over-rule_v both_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v we_o call_v the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v to_o be_v imaginary_a as_o the_o dollar_n in_o germany_n the_o crown_n in_o france_n the_o ducat_n in_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n which_o by_o the_o great_a diversity_n you_o may_v understand_v as_o follow_v together_o with_o the_o calculation_n of_o merchant_n account_n whereupon_o their_o book_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v according_a to_o their_o imaginary_a money_n flemish_n pound_v flemish_n in_o flanders_n brabant_n and_o most_o place_n of_o the_o low-countries_n they_o keep_v their_o book_n of_o account_n and_o reckon_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n every_o shilling_n twelve_o denier_n or_o penny_n which_o shilling_n be_v six_o styver_n in_o artois_n henalt_n tournois_n pound_v tournois_n and_o other_o place_n by_o pound_n tournois_fw-fr of_o twenty_o stiver_n or_o forty_o penny_n flemish_n whereof_o six_o call_v guildren_n or_o florin_n make_v the_o pound_n flemish_n in_o all_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o some_o do_v reckon_v by_o pound_n parasis_n which_o be_v but_o twenty_o penny_n parasis_n pound_v parasis_n whereof_o twelve_o make_v the_o pound_n flemish_n but_o their_o account_n as_o also_o the_o reckon_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o finance_n be_v keep_v by_o pound_n tournois_n which_o pound_n they_o divide_v into_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o shilling_n into_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o pound_n parasis_n and_o these_o have_v also_o their_o subdivision_n of_o obulus_fw-la maille_n heller_n hallinck_fw-mi corte_n mite_n point_v engevin_n poot_n and_o such_o like_a copper_n money_n too_o tedious_a to_o rehearse_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1520_o guilder_n gold_n guilder_n be_v the_o gold_n guilder_n coin_a for_o a_o general_a coin_n and_o value_v in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n which_o be_v now_o in_o specie_fw-la at_o double_a the_o price_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v continue_v to_o buy_v and_o sell_v all_o that_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o east_n country_n poland_n and_o other_o place_n by_o the_o say_a gold_n guilder_n of_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n their_o dolor_n be_v coin_a at_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n since_o rise_v to_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n creutzer_n creutzer_n yet_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n which_o be_v imaginary_a at_o augusta_n the_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n at_o three_o week_n or_o fourteen_o day_n sight_n after_o the_o bill_n present_v at_o frankford_n they_o reckon_v by_o the_o guilder_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n creutzer_n florin_n of_o 60_o creutzer_n call_v in_o latin_a crucigeri_fw-la be_v piece_n with_o a_o cross_n they_o be_v florin_n and_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n payable_a in_o the_o two_o yearly_a fair_n or_o mart_n the_o one_o the_o week_n before_o easter_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n to_o continue_v for_o all_o the_o month_n at_o norenborough_n their_o exchange_n 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o the_o say_a dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o the_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n which_o they_o also_o divide_v into_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n twelve_o penny_n to_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o for_o bohemia_n bohemicos_fw-la bohemicos_fw-la exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o twenty_o and_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la at_o vienna_n they_o reckon_v by_o guilder_n or_o florin_n of_o eight_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n &_o two_o heller_n to_o the_o penny_n and_o exchange_n be_v make_v thereupon_o at_o baviera_n by_o guilder_n of_o seven_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n guilder_n diverse_a guilder_n for_o exchange_n and_o account_n in_o hungary_n by_o guilder_n of_o ten_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o by_o florin_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o their_o ducat_n at_o breslo_n and_o leypsich_n they_o reckon_v by_o mark_n of_o thirty_o and_o two_o gross_v of_o twelve_o heller_n to_o the_o gross_a gross_v mark_v of_o 32_o gross_v and_o they_o exchange_n by_o thirty_o florin_n breslowe_v to_o have_v at_o vienna_n thirty_o and_o four_o florin_n or_o at_o norenborough_n thirty_o and_o two_o florin_n etc._n pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n &_o 12_o heller_n etc._n etc._n at_o vlme_n they_o reckon_v by_o pound_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o heller_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o their_o exchange_n be_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n at_o colloigne_n by_o dollar_n of_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n for_o account_n and_o exchange_n sterling_a pound_n sterling_a at_o embden_n they_o reckon_v by_o guilder_n and_o exchange_n upon_o the_o rickx_n dolor_n but_o from_o london_n thither_o and_o hither_o upon_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n shilling_n mark_v of_o 16_o shilling_n at_o hamborough_n they_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o sixteen_o shilling_n
london_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o from_o amsterdam_n to_o london_n again_o viz._n laus_fw-la deo_fw-la adi_n 20_o august_n 1622_o in_o london_n 500_o will_v 34_o ss_z 6_o d._n at_o usance_n pay_v by_o this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n unto_o a._n b._n the_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a at_o thirty_o four_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n flemish_n for_o every_o pound_n sterling_a currant_n money_n in_o merchandise_n for_o the_o value_n hereof_o receive_v by_o i_o of_o c.d._n and_o put_v it_o to_o account_v as_o per_fw-la advice_n a_o dio_n etc._n etc._n g.m._n on_o the_o backside_n be_v endorse_v to_o my_o love_a friend_n master_n w.c._n merchant_n at_o amsterdam_n p_o a_o this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n deliver_v and_o take_v up_o at_o london_n for_o amsterdam_n the_o second_o bill_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o addition_n of_o these_o word_n only_o at_o venice_n not_o have_v pay_v by_o my_o first_o bill_n pay_v by_o this_o my_o second_o bill_n and_o so_o in_o the_o three_o bill_n for_o there_o be_v common_o three_o bill_n make_v as_o aforesaid_a laus_fw-la deo_fw-la adj_n 20_o of_o september_n 1622_o in_o amsterdam_n 100_o will_v at_o 33_o ss_z 6_o d._n at_o usance_n pay_v this_o my_o first_o bill_n of_o exchange_n unto_o w._n m._n the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n lawful_a money_n of_o england_n for_o the_o value_n here_o by_o i_o receive_v of_o d._n h._n make_v he_o good_a payment_n and_o put_v it_o to_o your_o account_n god_n keep_v you_o subscribe_v w.c._n on_o the_o backside_n be_v endorse_v to_o my_o love_a friend_n master_n g.m._n merchant_n at_o london_n p_o a_o 1_o this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o amsterdam_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o london_n wherein_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n may_v be_v make_v at_o sight_n or_o so_o many_o day_n after_o sight_n or_o at_o double_a usance_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o the_o bill_n may_v be_v direct_v to_o my_o servant_n or_o to_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o or_o it_o may_v say_v put_v it_o to_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n but_o the_o best_a be_v to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n of_o advice_n and_o where_o the_o first_o bill_n be_v note_v p_o a._n the_o second_o must_v be_v 2_o a._n and_o the_o three_o 3_o a_o you_o may_v not_o say_v in_o the_o bill_n it_o may_v please_v you_o to_o pay_v or_o i_o pray_v you_o to_o pay_v although_o it_o be_v to_o your_o master_n for_o the_o bill_n of_o his_o high_a nature_n do_v carry_v with_o it_o a_o command_n without_o respect_n of_o person_n and_o most_o man_n will_v not_o use_v the_o word_n make_v he_o good_a payment_n but_o the_o few_o word_n the_o more_o formal_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o witness_n unto_o it_o nor_o any_o seal_n but_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o paper_n of_o some_o two_o finger_n broad_a and_o the_o letter_n of_o advice_n do_v declare_v for_o who_o account_n or_o to_o what_o intent_n or_o purpose_n the_o say_a money_n be_v take_v up_o which_o letter_n of_o advice_n do_v accompany_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o like_a inscription_n with_o the_o word_n de_fw-fr adviso_fw-la also_o for_o money_n here_o deliver_v where_o the_o ground_n of_o exchange_n be_v of_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n whereupon_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v you_o may_v not_o express_v what_o the_o sterling_a money_n make_v in_o flemish_a money_n not_o so_o much_o for_o that_o by_o misca_v you_o may_v make_v yourself_o liable_a as_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o mannerly_a to_o cast_v up_o another_o man_n account_n neither_o may_v you_o make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n or_o bringer_n thereof_o as_o you_o make_v your_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o nobleness_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n of_o exchange_n abuse_v although_o now_o use_v or_o abuse_v which_o every_o merchant_n be_v to_o maintain_v all_o other_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o germany_n spain_n italy_n france_n the_o low-countries_n portugal_n or_o any_o other_o place_n between_o they_o to_z and_z from_o place_n to_o place_n do_v not_o differ_v in_o the_o form_n but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o bank_n or_o out_o of_o the_o bank_n or_o in_o such_o a_o fair_a or_o mart_n at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o money_n according_a to_o the_o country_n 2_o the_o banker_n and_o diverse_a italian_n have_v a_o custom_n exchange_n rare_a custom_n in_o bill_n of_o exchange_n that_o for_o the_o money_n take_v by_o they_o or_o for_o their_o company_n or_o any_o other_o one_o of_o their_o servant_n do_v make_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o he_o subscribe_v the_o name_n of_o he_o or_o of_o the_o company_n for_o who_o it_o be_v take_v up_o and_o the_o master_n he_o do_v write_v under_o the_o say_a bill_n pagate_v come_v si_fw-mi dice_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pay_v as_o it_o be_v say_v and_o this_o go_v as_o currant_n among_o merchant_n as_o any_o other_o bill_n make_v by_o the_o party_n own_o hand_n and_o all_o proceed_n thereupon_o be_v do_v according_o 3_o they_o have_v also_o a_o ordinary_a custom_n to_o transfer_v and_o put_v over_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n before_o they_o be_v make_v unto_o any_o other_o person_n as_o for_o example_n one_o in_o antuerpe_n do_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n five_o hundred_o pound_n sterling_a to_o be_v pay_v here_o in_o london_n unto_o another_o merchant_n there_o who_o be_v to_o make_v he_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o same_o afterward_o within_o two_o or_o three_o day_n this_o deliverer_n of_o money_n have_v occasion_n to_o take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n for_o london_n and_o have_v take_v the_o same_o of_o another_o merchant_n he_o be_v to_o make_v he_o also_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o this_o money_n as_o the_o other_o merchant_n be_v to_o make_v he_o for_o the_o five_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o do_v deliver_v he_o by_o exchange_n for_o london_n as_o aforesaid_a hereupon_o he_o know_v the_o name_n of_o the_o party_n in_o london_n to_o who_o the_o other_o man_n money_n be_v to_o be_v make_v payable_a cause_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o say_a party_n as_o he_o shall_v have_v do_v with_o his_o own_o proper_a bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o whereas_o the_o value_n shall_v be_v mention_v to_o be_v receive_v of_o the_o second_o man_n that_o do_v deliver_v he_o the_o money_n he_o cause_v both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v name_v in_o the_o bill_n and_o sometime_o three_o or_o four_o be_v name_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n if_o it_o be_v so_o often_o rechange_v by_o say_v for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o such_o a_o man_n for_o such_o a_o man_n and_o such_o a_o man_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n this_o be_v good_a at_o all_o assay_n for_o the_o reverence_n which_o be_v bear_v to_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o by_o these_o mean_n there_o be_v charge_n and_o factoridge_n save_v between_o the_o party_n beside_o the_o commodiousness_n that_o one_o man_n do_v write_v and_o send_v this_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o all_o those_o that_o do_v change_v and_o rechange_v there_o the_o say_a money_n which_o be_v not_o do_v all_o in_o one_o sum_n and_o with_o one_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o the_o sum_n may_v be_v make_v up_o by_o many_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a all_o to_o that_o man_n although_o it_o be_v by_o diverse_a person_n such_o and_o the_o like_a course_n be_v daily_o use_v and_o practise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n without_o interruption_n in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v intricate_a this_o course_n of_o deal_n be_v altogether_o strange_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o can_v be_v determine_v thereby_o for_o whereas_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o merchant_n some_o matter_n upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n have_v be_v try_v upon_o a_o action_n of_o assumpsit_fw-la here_o be_v neither_o consideration_n nor_o assumpsit_fw-la to_o be_v prove_v unless_o the_o bill_n have_v be_v accept_v wherein_o be_v many_o observation_n to_o make_v this_o more_o apparent_a therefore_o let_v we_o illustrate_v this_o by_o example_n peter_n deliver_v five_o hundred_o pound_n to_o john_n who_o be_v to_o give_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o peter_n take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o william_n and_o may_v give_v he_o the_o say_a bill_n of_o john_n for_o it_o william_n take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o nicholas_n and_o may_v deliver_v john_n and_o peter_n bill_n for_o it_o nicholas_n take_v up_o five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o francis_n &_o do_v give_v he_o the_o bill_n
of_o john_n make_v mention_n of_o peter_n and_o william_n here_o be_v four_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n and_o but_o effectual_o one_o deliverer_n of_o money_n which_o be_v francis_n for_o albeit_o that_o peter_n be_v the_o first_o deliverer_n of_o the_o five_o hundred_o pound_n he_o become_v a_o taker_n again_o of_o the_o say_a money_n receive_v the_o same_o of_o william_n so_o that_o gradatim_fw-la john_n be_v the_o first_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o say_v five_o hundred_o pound_n peter_n be_v the_o second_o taker_n up_o william_n be_v the_o three_o taker_n up_o and_o nicholas_n be_v the_o four_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o say_v five_o hundred_o pound_n of_o francis_n to_o this_o francis_n be_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n give_v payable_a to_o his_o friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n in_o the_o place_n for_o which_o the_o money_n be_v take_v up_o but_o the_o say_a bill_n be_v make_v by_o john_n the_o first_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o say_a money_n declare_v that_o the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v of_o peter_n for_o william_n and_o for_o nicholas_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o francis_n which_o be_v the_o last_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n which_o bill_n be_v pay_v all_o the_o party_n in_o this_o exchange_n be_v satisfy_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o great_a facility_n 4_o there_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n that_o money_n be_v take_v by_o exchange_n for_o a_o certain_a place_n by_o man_n who_o be_v not_o general_o know_v and_o therefore_o must_v use_v the_o credit_n of_o another_o man_n as_o a_o three_o person_n in_o the_o exchange_n if_o this_o man_n do_v subscribe_v his_o name_n to_o the_o three_o or_o second_o bill_n of_o exchange_n it_o be_v sufficient_a and_o will_v be_v due_o perform_v according_o 5_o it_o be_v also_o ordinary_a that_o a_o master_n to_o draw_v money_n from_o his_o servant_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o a_o merchant_n in_o the_o like_a case_n from_o his_o factor_n will_v make_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n payable_a to_o some_o other_o person_n and_o say_v in_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o the_o value_n receive_v of_o such_o a_o one_o name_v a_o friend_n of_o he_o as_o he_o take_v the_o say_a person_n to_o be_v if_o the_o servant_n or_o factor_n do_v accept_v this_o bill_n he_o will_v be_v make_v to_o pay_v it_o and_o if_o this_o person_n who_o name_n have_v be_v use_v will_v deal_v unjust_o the_o master_n or_o merchant_n shall_v be_v remediless_a unless_o he_o have_v some_o collateral_a writing_n for_o the_o same_o because_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n must_v be_v maintain_v 6_o again_o if_o a_o know_a servant_n do_v take_v up_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n upon_o his_o master_n and_o give_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o upon_o the_o say_a master_n the_o master_n be_v liable_a to_o pay_v the_o same_o although_o he_o do_v not_o accept_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o be_v understand_v that_o by_o his_o credit_n and_o not_o by_o the_o servant_n credit_n the_o money_n have_v be_v take_v up_o so_o that_o until_o he_o make_v a_o public_a declaration_n denounce_v his_o servant_n to_o the_o broker_n of_o exchange_n and_o otherwise_o the_o master_n be_v to_o pay_v all_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v keep_v inviolable_a 7_o there_o be_v also_o a_o custom_n that_o a_o master_n unto_o his_o servant_n or_o one_o friend_n unto_o another_o will_v send_v bill_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o name_n in_o blank_a from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o as_o from_o hamborough_n to_o embden_n or_o from_o antuerpe_n to_o amsterdam_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o dansicke_a and_o at_o amsterdam_n the_o name_n be_v put_v in_o to_o who_o to_o be_v pay_v and_o of_o who_o receive_v and_o this_o depend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o be_v also_o accomplish_v very_o orderly_o 8_o again_o a_o merchant_n may_v take_v by_o exchange_n in_o another_o man_n name_n or_o in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o another_o man_n name_n together_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o any_o place_n where_o exchange_n be_v use_v and_o subscribe_v his_o name_n and_o that_o man_n name_n or_o that_o man_n name_n alone_o and_o this_o man_n who_o name_n be_v use_v be_v liable_a and_o answerable_a to_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v do_v or_o the_o like_a use_v to_o be_v do_v by_o that_o other_o party_n with_o his_o consent_n or_o privity_n for_o to_o avoid_v inconvenience_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n 9_o nay_o this_o go_v yet_o further_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o equity_n and_o so_o adjudge_v that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v take_v up_o money_n for_o any_o place_n by_o exchange_n posito_fw-la from_o london_n to_o middleborough_n and_o there_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o take_v up_o again_o by_o exchange_n for_o antuerpe_n and_o there_o it_o be_v also_o pay_v by_o money_n take_v up_o for_o amsterdam_n and_o at_o amsterdam_n it_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o say_a money_n be_v take_v up_o there_o again_o for_o middleborough_n and_o at_o middleborough_n it_o be_v again_o return_v and_o take_v up_o for_o london_n in_o one_o or_o more_o sum_n run_v in_o account_n between_o all_o these_o party_n deal_v therein_o but_o here_o at_o london_n it_o be_v not_o pay_v but_o go_v back_o again_o to_o middleborough_n by_o protest_v and_o there_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o it_o become_v insoluent_a now_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o those_o money_n be_v original_o take_v up_o in_o london_n by_o the_o credit_n of_o that_o first_o taker_n which_o have_v be_v a_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o by_o exchange_n this_o man_n of_o london_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n thus_o may_v we_o see_v how_o tender_a and_o noble_a a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v of_o nature_n which_o by_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o will_v be_v make_v more_o apparent_a *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o custom_n observe_v concern_v the_o same_o this_o high_a nature_n of_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n require_v such_o preciseness_n of_o proceed_n to_o see_v the_o performance_n thereof_o that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o vigilant_a to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o merchant_n receive_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n whether_o it_o be_v payable_a at_o sight_n usance_n or_o double_a usance_n he_o be_v to_o present_v the_o say_a bill_n of_o exchange_n to_o the_o party_n upon_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o know_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v the_o same_o which_o if_o he_o do_v or_o promise_v by_o write_v under_o it_o the_o word_n accept_v observation_n first_o observation_n or_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o his_o name_n accept_v by_o i_o a._n b._n than_o the_o party_n be_v to_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n contain_v in_o the_o bill_n but_o if_o the_o say_a party_n be_v not_o resolve_v to_o accept_v the_o same_o then_o after_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n past_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o present_v he_o the_o say_a bill_n with_o a_o notary_n to_o make_v intimation_n of_o it_o unto_o he_o and_o to_o know_v whether_o he_o will_v accept_v the_o same_o as_o you_o do_v before_o if_o he_o deny_v to_o accept_v it_o than_o the_o notary_n do_v protest_v against_o he_o in_o word_n that_o the_o merchant_n do_v intend_v to_o recover_v all_o damage_n which_o he_o or_o the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o himself_o for_o other_o might_n or_o shall_v sustain_v thereby_o whereunto_o the_o party_n need_v not_o to_o make_v any_o reply_n but_o if_o he_o do_v and_o withal_o desire_v the_o notary_n to_o declare_v the_o same_o in_o the_o notariall_a act_n or_o protest_v which_o he_o make_v for_o the_o non-acceptation_n then_o the_o notary_n be_v to_o put_v it_o down_o in_o write_v according_o and_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n to_o be_v send_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o all_o expedition_n because_o the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n there_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o secure_v himself_o of_o the_o party_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n and_o in_o the_o send_n of_o this_o protest_v of_o intimation_n the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o first_o post_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v to_o send_v the_o same_o by_o observation_n second_o observation_n if_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o the_o bill_n be_v payable_a be_v absent_a or_o sick_a or_o depart_v this_o life_n nevertheless_o any_o friend_n or_o servant_n of_o he_o may_v cause_v this_o protest_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o notary_n who_o do_v declare_v the_o name_n of_o he_o at_o who_o request_n he_o do_v present_v the_o
according_a to_o the_o say_a custom_n if_o he_o be_v a_o substantial_a man_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n for_o although_o the_o say_v c._n d._n be_v the_o first_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o a._n b._n by_o the_o thousand_o ducat_n for_o venice_n and_o may_v allege_v that_o he_o receive_v no_o money_n of_o he_o but_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o venice_n whereof_o he_o have_v no_o advice_n whether_o it_o be_v accept_v or_o not_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o precise_a and_o commendable_a custom_n use_v in_o exchange_n that_o he_o may_v not_o stand_v upon_o any_o evasion_n or_o allegation_n which_o may_v interrupt_v the_o say_a course_n without_o manifest_a discredit_n unto_o he_o unless_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o doubt_n that_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n of_o a._n b._n shall_v not_o be_v accomplish_v at_o venice_n neither_o may_v a._n b._n without_o discredit_n countermand_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o thousand_o ducat_n at_o venice_n unless_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n to_o call_v the_o credit_n of_o c._n d._n in_o question_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o exchange_n be_v usual_a in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o great_a exchange_n as_o lion_n bizanson_n madrill_n and_o venice_n where_o the_o most_o stand_a bank_n be_v and_o where_o they_o do_v get_v money_n ingenious_o by_o the_o calculation_n upon_o their_o payment_n at_o the_o fair_n or_o market_n by_o intermissive_a time_n either_o twice_o or_o thrice_o within_o the_o year_n in_o regard_n whereof_o and_o to_o avoid_v this_o observation_n in_o that_o strictness_n they_o have_v use_v to_o say_v in_o their_o bill_n of_o exchange_n per_fw-la la_fw-fr valuta_n cambiata_n for_o the_o value_n exchange_v with_o such_o a_o one_o exchange_v the_o value_n of_o money_n exchange_v and_o not_o for_o the_o value_n receive_v as_o aforesaid_a because_o they_o make_v their_o payment_n as_o it_o be_v all_o at_o one_o time_n which_o be_v otherwise_o in_o those_o place_n where_o no_o bank_n be_v keep_v or_o may_v be_v also_o in_o some_o of_o these_o place_n if_o the_o money_n be_v payable_a without_o the_o bank_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o many_o merchant_n traffic_v only_o in_o exchange_n become_v good_a observer_n and_o as_o ingenious_a as_o the_o banker_n themselves_o according_a to_o the_o adage_n fabricando_fw-la fabri_fw-la fimus_fw-la whereby_o they_o know_v the_o variation_n of_o their_o compass_n and_o the_o point_n to_o direct_v their_o course_n by_o observe_v the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o great_a payment_n of_o money_n to_o be_v make_v in_o some_o place_n and_o of_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o commodity_n in_o some_o other_o place_n or_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n for_o some_o place_n and_o the_o plenty_n for_o other_o place_n or_o the_o generality_n of_o both_o calling_z it_o as_o the_o spaniard_n say_v la_fw-fr placa_fw-la eâ—â—a_fw-la larga_fw-la lo_o estrecha_fw-la the_o exchange_n or_o place_n be_v straight_o or_o plenteous_a so_o that_o those_o merchant_n run_v with_o the_o stream_n can_v make_v their_o exchange_n beneficial_a unto_o themselves_o and_o that_o without_o stock_n or_o capital_a of_o their_o own_o but_o mere_o by_o take_v up_o money_n for_o one_o place_n and_o deliver_v the_o same_o for_o another_o place_n at_o a_o undervalue_v in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n send_v many_o time_n the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o exchange_n when_o the_o same_o do_v yield_v more_o than_o the_o price_n at_o which_o they_o take_v up_o the_o same_o as_o in_o our_o precedent_a treatise_n have_v be_v declare_v more_o ample_o this_o orderly_a course_n of_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v make_v for_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v admit_v no_o rescounter_n or_o stoppage_n but_o voluntary_a voluntary_a rescounter_v in_o exchange_n be_v voluntary_a that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o i_o owe_v you_o one_o hundred_o pound_n by_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n by_o i_o accept_v and_o within_o three_o or_o four_o day_n you_o shall_v owe_v i_o the_o like_o hundred_o pound_n for_o another_o bill_n of_o exchange_n by_o you_o accept_v i_o can_v rescounter_v these_o payment_n to_o answer_v each_o other_o unless_o you_o condescend_v thereunto_o although_o the_o money_n be_v due_a to_o be_v pay_v but_o every_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v to_o be_v answer_v and_o pay_v in_o his_o proper_a nature_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o some_o countermand_n be_v make_v by_o he_o that_o cause_v this_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o unto_o you_o before_o you_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a bill_n which_o for_o some_o cause_n you_o be_v to_o conceal_v for_o a_o time_n you_o be_v for_o all_o that_o to_o be_v pay_v of_o your_o hundred_o pound_n or_o the_o diligence_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o be_v do_v herein_o be_v both_o way_n to_o be_v observe_v according_o but_o when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o voluntary_a consent_n and_o agreement_n then_o be_v it_o questionless_a for_o voluntas_fw-la est_fw-la mensura_fw-la actionum_fw-la etc._n will_n do_v regulate_v action_n etc._n etc._n the_o will_n do_v regulate_v the_o action_n and_o if_o any_o factor_n do_v the_o same_o for_o another_o man_n account_n without_o commission_n he_o shall_v be_v answerable_a for_o it_o as_o before_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o title_n of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o the_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o better_a explanation_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n take_v up_o for_o one_o place_n and_o deliver_v again_o for_o another_o place_n let_v we_o observe_v this_o example_n ten_o thousand_o ducat_n be_v take_v up_o at_o antuerp_n for_o venice_n at_o usance_n of_o two_o month_n at_o several_a price_n of_o 113_o ½_n penny_n 114_o penny_n and_o 115_o ½_n penny_n for_o the_o ducat_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la or_o one_o with_o another_o at_o 115_o penny_n make_v flemish_a money_n r._n 4791_o 13_o 4_o these_o r._n 4791_o 13_o 4_o money_n example_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_n of_o money_n be_v make_v over_o for_o london_n at_o usance_n be_v one_o month_n at_o diverse_a price_n whereof_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v 32_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o make_v 2875_o will_v 0_o ss_z 0_o do_v these_o r._n 2875_o sterling_a be_v receive_v and_o factoridge_n brokeridge_n and_o port_n of_o letter_n deduct_v remain_v 2860_o will_v which_o be_v make_v over_o for_o antuerp_n again_o at_o several_a price_n and_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v 34_o ss_z 2_o ½_n d._n 4894_o will_v 15_o 10_o the_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n at_o venice_n be_v take_v up_o for_o frankford_n at_o 130_o florin_n of_o 65_o creutzer_n for_o 100_o ducat_n whereunto_o factoridge_n and_o brokeridge_n add_v it_o amount_v to_o 13130_o dollar_n or_o florin_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n and_o with_o brokeridge_n and_o factoridge_n at_o frankford_n be_v florin_n 13260_o flo._n 0_o ss_z 0_o do_v the_o 4894_o 15_o 10_o flemish_n receive_v in_o antuerp_n be_v make_v over_o for_o madrill_n in_o spain_n at_o diverse_a price_n whereof_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v 106_o penny_n for_o a_o ducat_n of_o 375_o maluedeis_fw-la to_o be_v pay_v in_o bank_n at_o four_o month_n time_n with_o five_o upon_o the_o thousand_o and_o make_v ducat_n 11132_o duc._n 12_o ss_z 6_o d_o these_o 11132_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n six_o penny_n of_o a_o ducat_n be_v make_v over_o from_o madrill_n to_o lixborne_n in_o portugal_n and_o deduct_v factoridge_n and_o brokeridge_n there_o remain_v 11010_o ducat_n of_o 440_o reas_n for_o every_o ducat_n of_o 375_o maluedeis_fw-la or_o 11_o ryalls_z be_v 4844_o u_o 620_o vlas_n and_o ducat_n 12111_o duc._n 11_o ss_z 0_o do_v these_o 12111_o ducat_n or_o crusat_n of_o lixborne_n make_v over_o to_o antuerp_n factoridge_n and_o brokeridge_n deduct_v remain_v 11990_o ducat_n at_o 98_o penny_n flemish_n every_o ducat_n or_o crusat_n be_v flemish_n r._n 4895_o 18_o 4_o the_o 13260_o florin_n of_o frankford_n take_v up_o for_o antuerp_n at_o 81_o penny_n r._n 4530_o 10_o 0_o  _fw-fr r._n 365_o 8_o 4_o these_o money_n pay_v brokeridge_n and_o factoridge_n for_o venice_n and_o deliver_v for_o london_n and_o for_o madrill_n 38_o two_o 4_o which_o must_v be_v deduct_v r._n 38_o 2_o 4_o so_o there_o be_v advance_v by_o industry_n with_o other_o man_n money_n r._n 327_o 6_o 0_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n perform_v by_o exchange_n we_o have_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o book_n make_v a_o description_n of_o bank_n and_o banker_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o payment_n and_o exchange_n make_v in_o bank_n for_o commodity_n buy_v and_o sell_v and_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n declare_v the_o four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n by_o denomination_n of_o it_o to_o be_v the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n let_v we_o now_o entreat_v of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n
the_o price_n for_o their_o advantage_n and_o so_o jump_v all_o to_o one_o end_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a money_n before_o declare_v which_o make_v the_o main_a ocean_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n of_o england_n be_v swallow_v up_o as_o a_o little_a river_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o take_v still_o advantage_n upon_o our_o fine_a money_n and_o staple_n ware_n to_o glut_v we_o with_o their_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o hence_o proceed_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n exchange_n primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o inequality_n so_o much_o abuse_v from_o the_o true_a exchange_n of_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o nevertheless_o admit_v to_o be_v high_a and_o low_a upon_o just_a occasion_n above_o the_o same_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o or_o the_o taker_n of_o it_o many_o or_o few_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o about_o seventie_o year_n past_a between_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o low-countries_n many_o of_o their_o coin_n although_o much_o differ_v in_o standard_n do_v in_o the_o pound_n or_o mark_v weight_n and_o in_o the_o very_a piece_n and_o price_n answer_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o do_v contain_v as_o much_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n as_o we_o par._n equal_a exchange_n or_o a_o true_a par._n and_o be_v also_o name_v and_o value_v according_o whereby_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o make_v also_o twenty_o shilling_n with_o they_o be_v a_o true_a par._n as_o for_o example_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 23_o car_n 3_o ½_n the_o angel_n at_o 10_o the_o emperor_n royal_a at_o 10_o 22_o car_n fine_a 22_o car_n the_o french_a crown_n 6_o the_o flemish_a crown_n 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 11_o ow_v 2_o penny_n weight_n ed._n crown_n of_o silver_n 5_o the_o philip_n dolor_n 5_o 10_o ounce_n fine_a english_a shilling_n 1_o flemish_n six_o stiver_n 1_o ten_o groat_n silver_n with_o the_o emperor_n florin_v four_o penny_n 3_o all_o these_o coin_n be_v not_o answer_v in_o standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o be_v alter_v and_o enhance_v by_o valuation_n to_o double_a and_o more_o as_o you_o may_v find_v by_o the_o valuation_n heretofore_o declare_v by_o mean_n whereof_o inequality_n creep_v in_o by_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o our_o merchant_n have_v follow_v the_o advice_n of_o other_o and_o lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n england_n lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o do_v observe_v to_o raise_v the_o price_n here_o when_o it_o be_v rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o we_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o they_o do_v fall_v and_o so_o the_o public_a measure_n of_o exchange_n between_o they_o and_o we_o be_v falsify_v and_o untrue_a whereby_o our_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o also_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v buy_v this_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o similitude_n for_o concern_v the_o sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n we_o do_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o some_o draper_n do_v sell_v his_o cloth_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o yard_n and_o suffer_v the_o buyer_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o same_o by_o the_o buyer_n own_o false_a yard_n or_o like_o a_o grocer_n that_o sell_v out_o his_o pepper_n by_o the_o pound_n at_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o and_o be_v content_v that_o the_o buyer_n shall_v weigh_v it_o out_o by_o a_o weight_n which_o unknown_a unto_o he_o be_v false_a and_o so_o lose_v unaware_o or_o get_v less_o than_o he_o make_v account_n of_o because_o the_o fraud_n use_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v unknown_a unto_o he_o even_o so_o be_v the_o cunning_a course_n of_o exchange_n unknown_a unto_o we_o and_o so_o be_v our_o money_n export_v and_o hinder_v to_o be_v import_v again_o *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n as_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o better_a judgement_n so_o by_o compare_v they_o often_o to_o their_o principle_n &_o original_n not_o only_o the_o disgression_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a but_o also_o the_o long_a continuance_n in_o the_o same_o estate_n be_v thereby_o procure_v to_o reduce_v they_o again_o to_o their_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n require_v this_o consideration_n for_o the_o reduce_v thereof_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n and_o foundation_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsique_n value_n of_o coin_n of_o country_n and_o country_n according_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o in_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o scarcity_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n proceed_v of_o the_o few_o or_o many_o deliverer_n and_o taker_n thereof_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n not_o by_o commodity_n only_o but_o also_o by_o exchange_n devise_v upon_o money_n in_o nature_n of_o merchandise_n herein_o be_v the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o name_v to_o be_v consider_v joint_o and_o divide_o for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n etc._n the_o general_a benefit_n to_o be_v prefer_v etc._n etc._n and_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o particular_a or_o few_o person_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o general_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o particular_a yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o particular_a will_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o general_a whereby_o private_a person_n may_v reap_v a_o benefit_n to_o the_o hurt_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n in_o nature_n of_o some_o monopoly_n heretofore_o declare_v which_o may_v as_o well_o happen_v by_o ignorance_n as_o by_o premeditate_a practice_n for_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o merchant_n can_v enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v at_o dear_a rate_n and_o the_o native_a commodity_n at_o lesser_a rate_n export_v respective_o of_o former_a time_n by_o the_o disportation_n whereof_o come_v a_o evident_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n merchant_n do_v not_o regard_v whether_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n in_o other_o country_n whereby_o our_o money_n be_v export_v and_o foreign_a coin_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v but_o at_o a_o exceed_a loss_n last_o merchant_n do_v not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n nor_o the_o several_a difference_n of_o standard_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n a_o matter_n so_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o know_v to_o drive_v a_o profitable_a trade_n as_o by_o this_o book_n they_o may_v now_o understand_v for_o the_o common_a good_a prince_n and_o governor_n therefore_o be_v to_o direct_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n wherein_o the_o law-merchant_n must_v be_v the_o true_a guide_n and_o direct_a this_o direction_n must_v as_o well_o be_v establish_v upon_o the_o coin_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o upon_o the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o several_a coin_n upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v thereof_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n whereby_o sometime_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o proportionable_o value_v according_a to_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n which_o be_v thereby_o divert_v also_o to_o be_v import_v unto_o we_o for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v the_o valuation_n aforesaid_a make_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n at_o which_o time_n the_o royal_a of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o and_o two_o stiver_n and_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o also_o their_o own_o doller_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a shilling_n at_o twelve_o penny_n here_o be_v there_o value_v at_o ten_o stiver_n make_v twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a to_o be_v by_o exchange_n thirty_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n as_o a_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o like_a for_o hamborough_n at_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n as_o have_v be_v note_v now_o five_o royal_n of_o eight_o which_o be_v at_o forty_o two_o stiver_n thirty_o five_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o forty_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o fifty_o one_o stiver_n and_o yet_o the_o exchange_n be_v take_v still_o at_o the_o say_a
rate_n according_a to_o which_o calculation_n the_o say_v royal_a of_o eight_o be_v by_o we_o receive_v at_o five_o shilling_n and_o two_o penny_n which_o be_v but_o four_o shilling_n 2_o ½_n penny_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o difference_n be_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o less_o than_o two_o month_n time_n add_v hereunto_o the_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o say_v royal_n of_o eight_o that_o the_o same_o be_v better_o in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n than_o our_o six_o penny_n sterling_a which_o be_v take_v to_o answer_v the_o say_v royal_a by_o a_o common_a calculation_n by_o reason_n whereof_o there_o will_v be_v give_v so_o much_o in_o his_o majesty_n mint_n or_o thereabouts_o that_o be_v to_o say_v four_o shilling_n and_o five_o penny_n or_o at_o the_o least_o four_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n ½_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o five_o shilling_n sterling_a for_o a_o ounce_n of_o that_o standard_n so_o together_o be_v twenty_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o benefit_n 1622._o a_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n 1622._o which_o cause_v a_o merchant_n adventurer_n to_o set_v down_o in_o print_v a_o interrogation_n in_o this_o manner_n who_o will_v procure_v licence_n in_o spain_n to_o bring_v real_n into_o england_n to_o sell_v they_o here_o at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o gain_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o exchange_n from_o thence_o will_v yield_v when_o he_o may_v have_v for_o the_o same_o 25_o in_o the_o 100_o in_o holland_n a_o matter_n whereby_o merchant_n be_v easy_o induce_v to_o divert_v the_o say_a royal_n from_o the_o realm_n to_o those_o and_o other_o country_n and_o by_o the_o common_a understanding_n to_o remedy_v the_o same_o it_o be_v think_v there_o be_v no_o mean_n to_o meet_v with_o foreign_a nation_n in_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n but_o we_o must_v do_v the_o like_a albeit_o experience_n have_v show_v long_o since_o that_o this_o be_v not_o effectual_a nor_o any_o true_a remedy_n now_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n aforesaid_a it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o the_o say_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o gain_n more_o than_o in_o england_n be_v but_o imaginary_a if_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v reform_v for_o let_v five_o of_o these_o royal_n of_o eight_o be_v buy_v in_o england_n for_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n and_o be_v transport_v into_o holland_n and_o there_o buy_v commodity_n with_o the_o same_o which_o be_v according_a as_o the_o price_n of_o they_o be_v enhance_v for_o as_o the_o money_n rise_v in_o price_n so_o do_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n it_o may_v fall_v out_o the_o say_a merchant_n shall_v become_v loser_n by_o the_o commodity_n so_o that_o the_o same_o can_v be_v term_v causa_fw-la movens_fw-la but_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n which_o cause_n their_o royal_n to_o be_v send_v into_o holland_n or_o zealand_n from_o spain_n or_o from_o the_o down_n rely_v whole_o upon_o the_o low-exchange_n whereby_o they_o be_v enable_v to_o deliver_v there_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o a_o undervalue_v at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n flemish_n and_o under_o for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereby_o the_o kingdom_n make_v good_a unto_o they_o the_o say_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o consist_v between_o the_o price_n of_o forty_o two_o stiver_n and_o fifty_o one_o stiver_n which_o be_v almost_o eighteen_o pro_fw-la hundred_o if_o the_o royal_a go_v but_o for_o fifty_o stiver_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n so_o that_o if_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v according_o which_o will_v be_v above_o thirty_o seven_o shilling_n six_o penny_n this_o gain_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o and_o money_n will_v be_v import_v unto_o we_o and_o not_o export_v for_o the_o rule_n be_v infallable_n exchange_n a_o maxim_n in_o exchange_n that_o when_o the_o exchange_n answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o money_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsicke_a weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o their_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n they_o be_v never_o export_v because_o the_o say_a gain_n be_v answer_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n to_o make_v this_o evident_a in_o the_o rickx_n doller_n which_o be_v the_o main_a and_o most_o usual_a coin_n in_o germany_n eastland_n the_o unite_a and_o reconcile_v low-countries_n before_o their_o late_a proclamation_n and_o currant_n in_o many_o other_o country_n observe_v we_o that_o the_o say_v doller_n be_v value_v at_o two_o mark_n lubish_n 1575._o a_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o a_o stiver_n flemish_n be_v all_o one_o 1575._o every_o mark_n be_v sixteen_o shilling_n lubish_n or_o sixteen_o stiver_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o the_o say_a rickx_n doller_n be_v still_o coin_a in_o the_o empire_n for_o thirty_o two_o shilling_n or_o stiver_n and_o so_o currant_n by_o valuation_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereby_o they_o be_v all_o one_o in_o denomination_n and_o effect_n but_o the_o war_n in_o the_o low-countries_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o inhance_a of_o this_o doller_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o thirty_o five_o stiver_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1586_o to_o forty_o five_o stiver_n or_o to_o fifty_o two_o stiver_n now_o by_o intermissive_a valuation_n and_o time_n howbeit_o at_o hamborough_n stoade_n and_o other_o place_n in_o germany_n the_o say_a doller_n do_v remain_v still_o at_o thirty_o two_o shilling_n lubish_n or_o two_o mark_n and_o as_o the_o say_v doller_n do_v enhance_v in_o price_n so_o do_v they_o in_o the_o low-countries_n coin_v new_a stiver_n according_o sometime_o light_a in_o weight_n fallacy_n a_o great_a fallacy_n and_o at_o other_o time_n embase_v by_o copper_n or_o alloy_n and_o yet_o in_o account_n the_o stiver_n do_v and_o do_v remain_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o money_n but_o the_o say_v doller_n hold_v his_o standard_n agreeable_a to_o the_o first_o doller_n call_v the_o burgundian_n doller_n with_o saint_n andrew_n cross_n coin_a in_o the_o year_n 1567._o which_o be_v in_o fineness_n ten_o ounce_n twelve_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o four_o and_o one_o half_a of_o these_o dollar_n be_v make_v equivolent_a to_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a as_o a_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o the_o low-countries_n germany_n and_o other_o place_n where_o this_o doller_n go_v currant_n as_o you_o may_v observe_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n these_o dollar_n have_v since_o be_v imitate_v and_o make_v by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o their_o several_a mint_n alter_v only_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o several_a province_n as_o also_o by_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n in_o the_o reconcile_a low_a province_n and_o the_o price_n of_o they_o at_o hamborough_n stoad_n and_o other_o place_n be_v but_o advance_v to_o one_o stiver_n or_o shilling_n lubish_n more_o that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n lubish_n go_v the_o same_o go_v in_o the_o low-countries_n for_o forty_o five_o stiver_n which_o make_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_v par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n of_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n for_o the_o low-countries_n and_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n for_o hamborough_n netherlands_o in_o the_o netherlands_o be_v all_o one_o in_o substance_n this_o doller_n be_v since_o that_o time_n as_o i_o say_v enhance_v to_o fifty_o two_o stiver_n in_o the_o low-countries_n which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n above_o thirty_o eight_o shilling_n or_o rather_o thirty_o nine_o shilling_n and_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n suffer_v this_o and_o not_o alter_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_o but_o be_v content_v to_o take_v thirty_o four_o or_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n and_o after_o that_o rate_n undersell_v all_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n germany_n in_o germany_n this_o doller_n be_v likewise_o since_o that_o time_n more_o enhance_v in_o germany_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o leave_v the_o excessive_a valuation_n in_o remote_a place_n let_v we_o note_v the_o valuation_n of_o hamborough_n where_o it_o have_v be_v at_o fifty_o four_o stiver_n the_o doller_n which_o make_v the_o exchange_n above_o forty_o shilling_n of_o their_o money_n for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o although_o we_o have_v raise_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n from_o twenty_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n to_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n and_o thereabouts_o shall_v we_o rest_v here_o and_o go_v no_o further_o have_v we_o reason_n to_o do_v it_o in_o part_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a according_a to_o justice_n equity_n and_o true_a policy_n and_o shall_v we_o be_v like_o a_o man_n that_o by_o halt_v in_o jest_n become_v lame_a in_o earnest_n absic_n ignorantia_fw-la the_o money_n in_o christendom_n which_o have_v their_o ebb_a and_o flow_v do_v show_v their_o operation_n upon_o commodity_n operation_n the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n be_v contraty_n in_o operation_n make_v by_o
they_o agree_v to_o reckon_v the_o money_n in_o exchange_n but_o at_o thirty_o shilling_n flemish_n for_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a and_o so_o make_v return_v each_o to_o other_o from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o money_n shall_v be_v receive_v both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n whereupon_o put_v the_o case_n that_o there_o be_v receive_v at_o amsterdam_n one_o thousand_o and_o five_o hundred_o pound_n flemish_n for_o cloth_n and_o at_o london_n there_o be_v receive_v one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a for_o velvet_n and_o silk_n which_o according_a to_o the_o say_a computation_n be_v all_o one_o in_o effect_n between_o they_o and_o may_v by_o way_n of_o rescounter_n answer_v each_o other_o in_o account_n but_o the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n know_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o money_n there_o he_o can_v make_v a_o great_a gain_n to_o have_v the_o say_v one_o thousand_o pound_n to_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o in_o specie_fw-la he_o desire_v the_o londoner_n to_o send_v unto_o he_o this_o one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a in_o silver_n or_o gold_n coin_n royal_n of_o eight_o or_o rickx_v dollar_n whereby_o he_o shall_v profit_v fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o mean_v aforesaid_a which_o amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n gain_n now_o the_o londoner_n have_v his_o one_o thousand_o and_o five_o hundred_o pound_n flemish_n or_o one_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a at_o amsterdam_n can_v do_v the_o like_a because_o the_o money_n by_o the_o say_v inhaunce_v be_v receive_v there_o above_o the_o value_n so_o that_o his_o money_n must_v be_v deliver_v there_o by_o exchange_n at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n or_o under_o whereby_o he_o receive_v here_o the_o say_v 1500_o will_v flemish_n with_o no_o gain_n at_o all_o thus_o the_o account_n be_v make_v even_o between_o they_o but_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o 1000_o will_v of_o the_o merchant_n money_n send_v to_o amsterdam_n which_o do_v not_o only_o procure_v want_n of_o our_o money_n but_o cause_v also_o the_o native_a commodity_n to_o be_v undersell_v and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v advance_v in_o price_n beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o plenty_n of_o money_n there_o and_o hinder_v the_o importation_n of_o bullion_n to_o prevent_v this_o the_o question_n be_v now_o whether_o it_o be_v better_a and_o more_o expedient_a to_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n or_o the_o valuation_n of_o our_o money_n sure_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v say_v that_o the_o raise_n of_o exchange_n breed_v not_o that_o alteration_n which_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n do_v to_o make_v every_o thing_n dear_a and_o to_o cause_n landlord_n and_o creditor_n to_o loose_v in_o their_o rent_n and_o contract_n and_o merchant_n of_o experience_n do_v know_v that_o we_o can_v do_v as_o they_o do_v for_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o our_o money_n here_o will_v be_v countermine_v by_o other_o nation_n who_o still_o will_v underualue_n they_o in_o exchange_n between_o we_o unless_o it_o be_v prevent_v by_o our_o own_o true_a valuation_n to_o be_v make_v know_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o author_n of_o this_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n do_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n 104._o page_n 104._o but_o the_o value_n of_o money_n here_o low_a elsewhere_o high_a which_o cause_n their_o exportation_n nor_o do_v the_o exchange_n but_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n cause_v their_o value_n which_o be_v mere_o hysteron_fw-gr proteron_fw-gr whereunto_o i_o have_v answer_v heretofore_o viz._n argument_n three_o way_n to_o dissolve_v a_o argument_n there_o be_v three_o way_n to_o dissolve_v a_o argument_n denial_n retort_a and_o distinction_n denial_n be_v too_o hostile_a savour_v more_o of_o obstinacy_n than_o of_o art_n retortion_n be_v more_o witty_a than_o profitable_a but_o distinction_n be_v like_o mature_a remedy_n compare_v to_o purge_n which_o cleanse_v and_o feed_v but_o the_o say_a author_n do_v take_v the_o course_n of_o denial_n and_o prove_v nothing_o touch_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n money_n exchange_n compare_v to_o to_o the_o affaies_n oâ—_n money_n if_o money_n be_v here_o low_a and_o elsewhere_o high_a how_o be_v this_o know_v but_o by_o the_o valuation_n of_o exchange_n consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o money_n of_o several_a standard_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v like_o the_o assay_v whereby_o the_o finesse_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v know_v ground_v upon_o the_o quantity_n which_o the_o exchange_n require_v according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n &_o gold_n contain_v in_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsic_a value_n &_o not_o according_a to_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n which_o be_v alter_v by_o denomination_n for_o the_o name_n of_o a_o thing_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o value_n real_o but_o the_o substance_n do_v it_o if_o it_o be_v alter_v much_o less_o do_v plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n cause_n their_o value_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o money_n the_o yard_n do_v measure_v the_o cloth_n but_o the_o cloth_n do_v not_o measure_v the_o yard_n to_o illustrate_v the_o premise_n by_o example_n i_o have_v heretofore_o show_v the_o consideration_n incident_a suppose_v that_o some_o merchant_n stranger_n do_v come_v over_o into_o the_o realm_n to_o buy_v a_o pack_n of_o ten_o clothes_n value_v at_o 80_o will_v sterling_a which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v in_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o they_o do_v not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o their_o foreign_a coin_n which_o they_o have_v bring_v over_o hereupon_o to_o content_v both_o party_n the_o money_n on_o either_o side_n must_v be_v try_v by_o the_o subtle_a assay_n according_a to_o their_o fineness_n computate_v upon_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n and_o then_o by_o weight_n they_o answer_v each_o other_o according_o and_o so_o this_o negotiation_n be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o permutation_n of_o money_n for_o commodity_n before_o exchange_n be_v invent_v hitherto_o we_o have_v handle_v of_o the_o reformation_n of_o exchange_n for_o place_n where_o the_o basis_n of_o exchange_n or_o foundation_n be_v make_v upon_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n deliver_v money_n there_o for_o england_n will_v cause_v the_o broker_n of_o exchange_n to_o know_v how_o much_o flemish_a or_o hamborough_n money_n merchant_n will_v give_v there_o to_o have_v twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a pay_v in_o england_n even_o as_o we_o do_v here_o to_o know_v how_o much_o in_o flemish_a money_n or_o other_o coin_n a_o merchant_n will_v give_v for_o the_o say_v twenty_o shilling_n here_o coin_n exchange_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o foreign_a coin_n by_o a_o agreement_n to_o be_v pay_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n but_o now_o we_o be_v to_o entreat_v of_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o foreign_a coin_n or_o rather_o imaginary_a money_n of_o other_o country_n as_o for_o france_n upon_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o sixty_o sou_n for_o the_o east_n country_n upon_o the_o florin_n polish_v for_o germany_n upon_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n for_o venice_n upon_o their_o ducat_n and_o so_o for_o other_o place_n as_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v note_v herein_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o course_n of_o it_o be_v direct_o opposite_a for_o whereas_o in_o the_o one_o we_o do_v procure_v to_o have_v much_o money_n or_o at_o the_o value_n answer_v by_o exchange_n so_o in_o the_o other_o we_o may_v do_v the_o like_a and_o rather_o procure_v less_o to_o be_v give_v in_o exchange_n because_o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o those_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o foreign_a coin_n nevertheless_o consider_v we_o that_o when_o four_o teston_n or_o three_o frank_n in_o specie_fw-la be_v calculate_v for_o the_o say_a crown_n of_o sixty_o sou_n in_o exchange_n then_o every_o such_o teston_n be_v fifteen_o sou_n by_o valuation_n and_o every_o such_o frank_n be_v twenty_o sou_n but_o since_o that_o time_n the_o say_a piece_n of_o teston_n be_v make_v currant_n for_o 16_o ½_n sou_n and_o the_o frank_n at_o twenty_o two_o sou_n be_v the_o same_o in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n without_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o standard_n call_v le_z pied_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr monoye_n but_o only_o enhance_v in_o valuation_n according_a to_o which_o payment_n be_v make_v in_o silver_n coin_n also_o for_o the_o gold_n coin_n as_o french_a crown_n and_o pistolet_n which_o be_v enhance_v at_o time_n until_o 72_o sou_n '_o from_o 60_o sou_n whereupon_o the_o say_a crown_n be_v value_v at_o six_o shilling_n sterling_a be_v there_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n that_o will_v give_v if_o he_o can_v choose_v six_o
for_o in_o the_o execution_n consist_v the_o life_n of_o all_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a of_o man_n action_n which_o aim_v at_o some_o certain_a end_n for_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o some_o that_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n differ_v in_o this_o fool_n difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n that_o the_o wise_a have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o end_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v and_o the_o fool_n without_o consideration_n permit_v the_o end_n to_o manifest_v in_o self_n whereof_o ignorant_a man_n judge_v according_a to_o the_o event_n although_o the_o enterprise_n be_v never_o so_o advise_o take_v in_o hand_n and_o as_o if_o the_o success_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o divine_a power_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o his_o providence_n the_o determination_n of_o all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n especial_o of_o merchant_n affair_n be_v do_v and_o execute_v as_o follow_v 1_o concern_v seafaring_a cause_n which_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o sea-lawe_n already_o write_v and_o in_o the_o premise_n abridge_v controversy_n four_o meaneâ—_n to_o end_v controversy_n we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n brief_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o second_o mean_a to_o end_v controversy_n be_v by_o arbitrator_n choose_v and_o elect_v by_o both_o party_n to_o end_v their_o difference_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n to_o avoid_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o unto_o merchant_n be_v inconvenient_a 3_o the_o three_o mean_v be_v the_o authority_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n for_o the_o merchant_n court_n according_a to_o the_o privilege_n which_o prince_n have_v grant_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o custom_n whereof_o most_o judge_n be_v either_o ignorant_a or_o content_v to_o determine_v matter_n according_o 4_o the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_v to_o determine_v question_n and_o difference_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o several_a dominion_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o they_o wherein_o we_o be_v especial_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a for_o all_o nation_n do_v frame_n and_o direct_v their_o judgement_n thereafter_o give_v place_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o merchant_n custom_n which_o make_v proper_o their_o law_n now_o by_o i_o methodical_o describe_v in_o this_o book_n which_o allow_v to_o every_o man_n and_o nation_n his_o proper_a right_n and_o due_a and_o hure_v no_o man_n law_n three_o precept_n of_o all_o law_n according_a to_o the_o three_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o law_n set_v down_o by_o caius_n and_o after_o he_o by_o tribonianus_n namely_o honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la laedere_fw-la &_o ius_n suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la whereof_o the_o second_o tri_v and_o rule_v the_o two_o other_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o touch_v the_o first_o mean_v to_o determine_v seafaring_a cause_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o speak_v much_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o admiral_n at_o the_o sea_n admiral_n a_o admiral_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n magnus_n dux_n classis_fw-la and_o drungarius_n magnus_fw-la or_o admiratus_fw-la from_o amiras_n a_o word_n use_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o see_v or_o adelantado_n as_o go_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o ship_n also_o by_o the_o italian_n l'amiraglio_n or_o admiral_n in_o french_a because_o his_o call_n be_v know_v to_o all_o but_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o great_a admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o power_n over_o the_o life_n of_o man_n a_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n only_o proper_a to_o themselves_o court._n the_o admiral_n court._n in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_v civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n shall_v meddle_v therewith_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v his_o deputy_n judicial_o to_o decide_v they_o by_o the_o advocate_n and_o other_o assistant_n for_o the_o better_a and_o just_a proceed_n of_o the_o say_a court_n also_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n be_v veric_a necessary_a and_o herein_o it_o have_v be_v think_v convenient_a that_o all_o proctor_n or_o attorn'ey_n of_o that_o court_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n before_o they_o be_v hear_v etc._n advocate_n and_o proctor_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o shall_v do_v nothing_o malicious_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v their_o action_n to_o be_v unrighteous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n they_o be_v to_o tell_v it_o to_o their_o client_n and_o if_o the_o client_n will_v insist_v then_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n oath_n the_o proctor_n oath_n also_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v their_o client_n secret_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o last_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o propound_v delay_n nor_o be_v peremptory_a against_o their_o conscience_n and_o the_o like_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v of_o other_o officer_n at_o their_o admission_n the_o cause_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n do_v extend_v very_o far_o and_o many_o be_v otherwise_o decree_v or_o determine_v especial_o by_o the_o merchant_n court_n admiralty_n cause_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o admiralty_n and_o office_n of_o assurance_n whereas_o heretofore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v minister_v justice_n upon_o all_o complaint_n contract_n offence_n plea_n exchange_n assurance_n debt_n account_n charterparty_n covenant_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n concern_v lade_v and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n fraight_n hire_n money_n lend_v upon_o hazard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o seafaring_a business_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o writ_n and_o appeal_n from_o other_o judge_n letter_n of_o reprisal_n or_o mart_n to_o arrest_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n to_o inquire_v within_o and_o without_o liberty_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o all_o offence_n and_o trespass_n and_o namely_o first_o touch_v the_o revealer_n of_o the_o king_n and_o country_n their_o secret_n over_o sea_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n against_o pirate_n their_o assister_n or_o abettor_n outreader_n or_o receiver_n against_o fortefier_n of_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o harmer_n of_o friend_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o admiral_n arrest_n and_o attachment_n against_o good_n forbid_v and_o merchandise_n not_o custom_a and_o yet_o transport_v against_o the_o resister_n of_o the_o admiral_n officer_n in_o execute_v his_o precept_n against_o forestaller_n regrater_n and_o dearther_n of_o corn_n and_o victual_n etc._n etc._n final_o against_o transporter_n of_o traitor_n rebel_n manifest_a transgressor_n and_o fugitive_n from_o justice_n or_o caster_n of_o ballast_n sand_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n in_o harbour_n or_o channel_n extortioner_n by_o ship_n and_o boat-wrights_a for_o take_v away_o the_o boigh_n from_o the_o anchor_n cutter_n of_o cable_n or_o towe_n false_a weight_n and_o measure_n by_o sea_n shedder_n of_o other_o man_n blood_n on_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o port_n or_o lame_v by_o misdemeanour_n customer_n and_o water-bailifes_a take_n more_o custom_n or_o anchorage_n than_o they_o ought_v for_o absent_v from_o muster_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o all_o transgression_n commit_v by_o seaman_n ferry-man_n watermen_n fisher_n pilot_n shipwrights_a press_a man_n contain_v the_o admiral_n authority_n and_o to_o amerce_v they_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n the_o good_n of_o pirate_n felon_n capital_a offender_n their_o receiver_n assister_n attaint_v convict_v condemn_v and_o outlaw_v waif_n and_o stray_v good_n wreck_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o cast_v good_n deodando_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o boat_n or_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v sea_n beacon_n to_o give_v light_n on_o the_o sea_n share_n lawful_a prize_n or_o good_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o lagon_n floatson_n and_o jetson_n before_o declare_v with_o the_o anchorage_n beaconage_n swine_n sturgeon_n and_o whale_n cast_v on_o shore_n &_o all_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a greatness_n call_v regal_a of_o all_o these_o the_o admiral_n have_v authority_n to_o deal_v correct_v and_o punish_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n and_o the_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o same_o by_o statute_n enact_v and_o all_o other_o law_n and_o mean_n before_o declare_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o admiral_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o skilful_a and_o honest_a and_o be_v to_o have_v diverse_a register_n for_o congee_n safeconduct_n passport_n sea-briefe_n without_o which_o no_o ship_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v to_o pass_v clerk_n the_o register_n of_o the_o clerk_n nor_o yet_o in_o far_a voyage_n in_o time_n of_o
coin_n which_o be_v of_o late_a year_n establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o inhance_a of_o coin_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prevent_v the_o say_a incertainty_n of_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n if_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o say_a money_n be_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n alter_v much_o less_o will_v the_o advice_n give_v that_o merchant_n account_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v keep_v in_o liver_n and_o sou_n but_o in_o french_a crown_n to_o hinder_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o in_o some_o country_n be_v secret_o practise_v to_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a policy_n when_o by_o public_a authority_n it_o be_v forbid_v and_o may_v be_v effect_v as_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o other_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n where_o the_o money_n be_v not_o enhance_v between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o remain_v currant_n according_a to_o their_o price_n until_o the_o king_n authority_n do_v alter_v the_o valuation_n by_o proclamation_n albeit_o by_o exchange_n it_o be_v not_o so_o and_o therefore_o according_a to_o my_o three_o paradox_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n in_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la paradox_n the_o three_o paradox_n for_o the_o merchant_n valuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o king_n valuation_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o when_o the_o king_n have_v value_v the_o shilling_n piece_n at_o twelve_o penny_n merchant_n undervalue_v the_o same_o in_o exchange_n at_o 11_o ½_n d_o and_z 11_o d_o not_o only_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n but_o also_o receive_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o enhanced_a money_n above_o their_o value_n and_o not_o value_v of_o they_o in_o exchange_n according_o as_o before_o have_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o imaginary_a coin_n or_o rather_o money_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o so_o many_o several_a place_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o donfermel_v lord_n chancellor_n of_o scotland_n do_v propound_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 1610_o donfermel_v proposition_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o donfermel_v a_o certain_a proposition_n touch_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o gold_n his_o lordship_n be_v of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n in_o mint_n affair_n that_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o go_v never_o in_o england_n to_o use_v his_o own_o phrase_n all_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n above_o six_o shilling_n english_a money_n go_v now_o for_o seven_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o english_a double_a sovereign_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n go_v in_o france_n for_o eleven_o francque_n or_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n and_o that_o both_o way_n there_o have_v be_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o standard_n whereupon_o he_o do_v demand_v in_o write_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o say_a difference_n or_o alteration_n if_o this_o proceed_v say_v he_o from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o gold_n that_o it_o be_v better_a in_o fineness_n and_o allay_n or_o in_o weight_n or_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o silver_n that_o it_o be_v worse_o than_o it_o be_v either_o in_o finesse_n &_o allay_n or_o in_o weight_n then_o be_v the_o cause_n intrinsic_a and_o substantial_a and_o may_v be_v easy_o consider_v and_o resolve_v if_o it_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o be_v entertain_v maintain_v and_o set_v forward_o or_o reject_v and_o stay_v from_o all_o further_a course_n if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o cause_n or_o reason_n it_o must_v of_o force_n be_v extrinsicke_a and_o accidental_a let_v the_o same_o be_v search_v out_o if_o it_o be_v good_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o estate_n weal_n and_o commodity_n it_o shall_v be_v assist_v and_o continue_v if_o it_o be_v try_v evil_a proceed_v from_o the_o policy_n and_o craft_n of_o tradesman_n tend_v only_o to_o private_a gain_n and_o commodity_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o be_v gainestood_v and_o expel_v this_o proportion_n be_v send_v unto_o i_o by_o a_o great_a personage_n then_o in_o high_a place_n be_v make_v plain_a by_o demonstration_n to_o proceed_v of_o a_o accidental_a cause_n by_o advance_v the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n partly_o in_o england_n when_o crown_n gold_n be_v value_v from_o fifty_o five_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n to_o three_o pound_n and_o partly_o in_o france_n when_o they_o do_v advance_v the_o french_a crown_n in_o specie_fw-la five_o sou_n advise_v therewithal_o that_o to_o remedy_v the_o same_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v by_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o gold_n still_o more_o and_o more_o but_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n between_o france_n and_o we_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v underualue_n too_o much_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o our_o exceed_a loss_n show_v withal_o how_o easy_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o alteration_n of_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o most_o place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v approve_v and_o crown_n gold_n be_v more_o enhance_v to_o sixty_o six_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n by_o two_o several_a proclamation_n 1611._o november_n 1611._o which_o have_v prove_v the_o loss_n of_o our_o silver_n in_o bullion_n or_o weighty_a coin_n daily_a breed_n great_a inconvenience_n by_o the_o want_n of_o our_o money_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o undervaluation_n in_o exchange_n and_o not_o by_o undervaluation_n in_o specie_fw-la be_v continual_o export_v none_o import_v but_o divert_v by_o gain_n for_o other_o place_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v all_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o true_a judgement_n and_o experience_n in_o mint_n affair_n with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_v essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o mention_v whereof_o i_o hope_v that_o in_o general_a meeting_n for_o the_o public_a more_o regard_n will_v be_v have_v to_o the_o end_n it_o be_v not_o record_v of_o we_o as_o it_o have_v be_v of_o some_o parlement_n in_o france_n that_o in_o populi_fw-la republica_fw-la sententiae_fw-la numerantur_fw-la non_fw-la ponderantur_fw-la and_o then_o we_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o understand_v the_o par_fw-fr by_o right_a distinction_n between_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a 3._o pâ—ys_n 3._o lib._n ca._n 3._o aristotle_n say_v that_o action_n and_o passion_n be_v mere_o relative_n and_o that_o they_o differ_v no_o more_o than_o the_o way_n from_o thebes_n to_o athens_n and_o from_o athens_n to_o thebes_n let_v we_o discern_v therefore_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o the_o liver_n money_n minister_v spirit_n to_o the_o heart_n commodity_n and_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o brain_n exchange_n so_o do_v the_o brain_n exchange_n minister_v to_o the_o whole_a microcosm_n or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o traffic_n let_v the_o heart_n therefore_o by_o the_o liver_n receive_v his_o tintured_a chylus_n by_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o the_o blood_n full_a of_o spirit_n shall_v fill_v all_o the_o vein_n and_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o money_n the_o easy_a course_n and_o recourse_n of_o who_o exchange_n shall_v bring_v all_o thing_n in_o tune_n &_o serve_v all_o man_n turn_n for_o even_o as_o there_o be_v two_o course_n observe_v of_o the_o sun_n sun_n two_o course_n of_o exchange_n like_o the_o two_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o annual_a and_o the_o other_o by_o daily_a declination_n rise_v and_o go_v under_o within_o the_o aecliptique_a line_n even_o so_o must_v we_o observe_v in_o exchange_n two_o course_n the_o one_o according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o other_o rise_v or_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o declare_v whereof_o the_o say_v aristotle_n seneca_n nor_o cicero_n nor_o any_o other_o philosopher_n or_o orator_n can_v take_v notice_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o trade_n exchange_v not_o be_v then_o invent_v neither_o do_v we_o find_v that_o any_o temporal_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n have_v enter_v into_o this_o important_a study_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n hitherto_o to_o conclude_v therefore_o this_o paradoxical_a discourse_n i_o can_v omit_v to_o do_v the_o same_o with_o another_o paradox_n by_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o make_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n namely_o that_o a_o man_n may_v commix_v bullion_n to_o make_v a_o certain_a standard_n of_o money_n either_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n paradox_n a_o very_a strange_a paradox_n and_o after_o the_o commixture_n make_v shall_v alter_v the_o standard_n and_o make_v the_o same_o better_a or_o worse_o without_o put_v any_o allay_n or_o silver_n and_o gold_n unto_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v i_o will_v melt_v down_o eleven_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n both_o one_o pound_n troy_n
for_o ten_o year_n free_o not_o to_o pay_v any_o penny_n gain_v all_o that_o time_n if_o either_o of_o we_o do_v die_v but_o if_o we_o both_o live_v together_o till_o that_o time_n than_o he_o to_o pay_v i_o after_o twelve_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o for_o ten_o year_n past_a the_o law_n say_v that_o the_o peril_n which_o may_v happen_v do_v not_o excuse_v i_o from_o sin_n but_o i_o be_o a_o usurer_n for_o the_o time_n be_v not_o proper_a a_o merchant_n dare_v to_o a_o corporation_n or_o company_n a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o corporation_n have_v a_o grant_n by_o statute_n that_o whosoever_o dare_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o have_v a_o child_n of_o one_o year_n shall_v have_v for_o his_o child_n if_o it_o do_v live_v fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n 500_o will_v of_o money_n but_o if_o the_o child_n die_v before_o that_o time_n the_o father_n to_o lose_v his_o principal_n for_o ever_o the_o law_n say_v if_o i_o lend_v purposely_o for_o gain_n notwithstanding_o the_o peril_n i_o be_o a_o usurer_n i_o know_v a_o honest_a artificer_n owe_v to_o a_o draper_n forty_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o six_o month_n i_o come_v to_o the_o draper_n and_o show_v he_o if_o he_o will_v take_v thirty_o pound_n in_o hand_n i_o will_v pay_v so_o much_o for_o the_o artificer_n if_o he_o will_v turn_v the_o debt_n over_o unto_o i_o herein_o i_o be_o a_o usurer_n in_o seek_v to_o anticipate_v the_o payment_n one_o buy_v a_o pay_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o pound_n deliver_v fifteen_o shilling_n for_o every_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o be_v a_o cloak_a lend_v under_o the_o colour_n of_o buy_v and_o therefore_o usury_n call_v palliata_fw-la for_o he_o do_v hope_n for_o gain_v explicata_fw-la vsura_fw-la palliata_fw-la vsura_fw-la explicata_fw-la i_o do_v buy_v a_o man_n bill_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n due_a three_o month_n hence_o and_o give_v unto_o he_o in_o present_a money_n 95_o will_v here_o although_o a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n seem_v in_o show_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o lend_v and_o therefore_o usury_n i_o do_v bargain_n with_o some_o to_o have_v so_o many_o ox_n and_o kine_n within_o four_o month_n to_o have_v they_o better_o cheap_a pay_v the_o money_n before_o hand_n this_o be_v usury_n if_o the_o party_n have_v not_o ox_n or_o kine_n at_o the_o time_n i_o do_v buy_v certain_a gelding_n to_o have_v they_o deliver_v at_o a_o certain_a fair_a for_o less_o than_o they_o be_v worth_a i_o be_o therein_o a_o usurer_n if_o i_o be_v sure_a that_o they_o will_v be_v more_o worth_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o delivery_n i_o do_v deliver_v old_a wheat_n to_o receive_v new_a if_o i_o do_v deliver_v the_o same_o for_o gain_n and_o assure_v myself_o of_o benefit_n i_o be_o a_o usurer_n i_o do_v fear_v the_o fall_n of_o money_n and_o therefore_o do_v deliver_v my_o money_n to_o another_o man_n to_o have_v as_o much_o at_o six_o month_n after_o according_a as_o the_o money_n be_v then_o currant_n when_o i_o pay_v it_o this_o be_v usury_n i_o seek_v a_o office_n which_o i_o can_v have_v except_o i_o do_v pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o avoid_v this_o payment_n i_o do_v lend_v for_o two_o three_o or_o four_o year_n a_o gross_a sum_n because_o i_o will_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a money_n in_o so_o do_v be_v usury_n i_o do_v pawn_v a_o house_n with_o a_o orchard_n for_o certain_a money_n the_o creditor_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o my_o ground_n and_o house_n he_o be_v a_o usurer_n a_o gentleman_n have_v a_o manor_n stock_v with_o thirty_o milch_n kine_n and_o 700_o sheep_n value_v at_o 300_o mark_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o they_o be_v then_o to_o be_v buy_v and_o sell_v this_o manor_n he_o will_v let_v out_o with_o the_o stock_n for_o ten_o year_n to_o receive_v the_o old_a rent_n of_o his_o manor_n and_o thirty_o pound_n yearly_a beside_o for_o his_o stock_n and_o at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n either_o to_o have_v at_o his_o own_o choice_n his_o cattle_n of_o like_a goodness_n and_o value_n as_o he_o do_v let_v they_o out_o or_o else_o 200_o will_v in_o money_n here_o there_o be_v first_o a_o lend_n because_o the_o farmour_n have_v property_n in_o the_o cattle_n and_o may_v alter_v they_o as_o he_o listen_v for_o his_o best_a avail_n pay_v his_o yearly_a rent_n for_o they_o and_o restore_v so_o good_a cattle_n at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n as_o he_o before_o receive_v again_o he_o must_v answer_v the_o cattle_n at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n and_o pay_v rend_v yearly_a for_o ten_o year_n although_o the_o cattle_n die_v all_o the_o very_a first_o year_n so_o that_o this_o gentleman_n seek_v his_o certain_a gain_n and_o principal_a to_o be_v safe_o return_v unto_o he_o be_v a_o usurer_n colourable_o last_o to_o deliver_v money_n by_o exchange_n upon_o bill_n of_o exchange_n intend_v any_o gain_n thereby_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n be_v usury_n and_o all_o the_o premise_n be_v usurious_a act_n although_o many_o not_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n now_o diverse_a merchant_n and_o other_o will_v say_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o deal_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o all_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v overthrow_v for_o say_v they_o here_o be_v nothing_o except_v wherein_o any_o man_n can_v deal_v and_o all_o other_o nation_n do_v continual_o maintain_v their_o negotiation_n and_o traffic_n by_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n and_o by_o exchange_n and_o will_v not_o be_v rule_v by_o our_o particular_a direction_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n hereupon_o let_v we_o also_o note_v what_o lawful_a contract_n be_v before_o we_o conclude_v chap._n xvi_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n we_o have_v already_o note_v where_o a_o man_n may_v take_v a_o benefit_n for_o his_o money_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n which_o be_v ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la where_o he_o have_v sustain_v a_o loss_n or_o ex_fw-la lucro_fw-la cessante_fw-la where_o his_o benefit_n or_o profit_n have_v be_v take_v away_o or_o prevent_v for_o the_o want_n of_o his_o money_n which_o he_o may_v have_v bestow_v in_o some_o ware_n to_o furnish_v his_o shop_n at_o convenient_a time_n and_o in_o both_o these_o the_o party_n be_v not_o active_a but_o passive_a i_o do_v buy_v land_n of_o my_o friend_n for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o of_o like_a value_n to_o the_o land_n with_o this_o condition_n if_o he_o bring_v i_o the_o money_n again_o at_o any_o time_n he_o shall_v have_v his_o land_n again_o i_o be_v lawful_a owner_n of_o this_o land_n by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n may_v safe_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n and_o rent_n of_o the_o same_o land_n without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o usury_n another_o come_v to_o i_o and_o will_v borrow_v a_o thousand_o pound_n in_o gold_n and_o as_o much_o plate_n for_o a_o show_n to_o declare_v and_o set_v forth_o his_o wealth_n the_o more_o to_o the_o world_n when_o it_o be_v see_v in_o his_o shop_n in_o this_o case_n i_o may_v take_v usury_n a_o apothecary_n dare_v to_o the_o physician_n a_o hundred_o pound_n by_o the_o year_n free_o because_o he_o shall_v send_v his_o bill_n of_o receipt_n to_o he_o and_o to_o none_o other_o this_o be_v no_o usury_n i_o do_v buy_v timber_n brick_n or_o stone_n of_o a_o man_n to_o deliver_v the_o same_o at_o such_o a_o place_n at_o such_o a_o time_n and_o to_o pay_v he_o for_o the_o same_o i_o do_v borrow_v so_o much_o upon_o usury_n if_o the_o say_a man_n do_v not_o perform_v with_o i_o in_o deliver_v the_o say_a timber_n brick_n or_o stone_n yet_o be_v he_o bind_v to_o pay_v i_o that_o usury_n true_o a_o corporation_n take_v a_o hundred_o pound_n of_o a_o man_n to_o pay_v he_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o during_o his_o life_n this_o be_v no_o usury_n and_o so_o for_o all_o annuity_n during_o life_n for_o the_o principal_n be_v never_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o a_o mighty_a man_n than_o myself_o withhold_v through_o force_n a_o portion_n of_o land_n from_o i_o i_o be_o loath_a to_o try_v the_o law_n with_o he_o because_o he_o have_v the_o law_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o i_o offer_v to_o lend_v he_o five_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o free_o so_o that_o i_o may_v have_v my_o own_o without_o further_a trouble_n or_o vexation_n this_o be_v no_o usury_n because_o i_o receive_v but_o my_o own_o quiet_o i_o do_v borrow_v a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n promise_v at_o the_o year_n end_v to_o lend_v another_o hundred_o pound_n for_o it_o for_o the_o same_o time_n this_o be_v permutation_n i_o take_v the_o peril_n upon_o i_o of_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o money_n i_o may_v lawful_o take_v portage_n money_n for_o my_o pain_n and_o this_o be_v
of_o the_o sterling_a standard_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n according_a to_o the_o statut_fw-la of_o exchange_n prohibit_v that_o after_o three_o month_n next_o ensue_a the_o same_o no_o man_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n by_o bill_n or_o otherwise_o for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a part_n or_o to_o be_v rechange_v towards_o this_o realm_n under_o the_o true_a par_fw-fr or_o value_n for_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n or_o above_o the_o same_o as_o merchant_n can_v agree_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o broker_n or_o among_o themselves_o wealth_n the_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n but_o never_o under_o the_o say_a rate_n which_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n public_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n according_a to_o the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o the_o say_a table_n shall_v be_v alter_v in_o price_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o several_a respective_a place_n of_o exchange_n either_o by_o their_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n by_o valuation_n or_o by_o embase_v of_o the_o same_o by_o allay_n as_o have_v be_v note_v which_o by_o a_o vigilant_a eye_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o will_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o make_v other_o nation_n more_o constant_a in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o money_n and_o this_o will_v be_v execute_v more_o of_o course_n than_o by_o authority_n because_o gain_v do_v bear_v the_o sway_n and_o command_v with_o most_o man_n for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v here_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n general_o will_v easy_o be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o his_o own_o receive_v by_o exchange_n more_o for_o our_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v the_o taker_n of_o the_o say_a money_n will_v not_o be_v so_o inâ—urious_a to_o the_o state_n as_o to_o give_v less_o beyond_o the_o sea_n than_o the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o if_o he_o will_v the_o deliverer_n will_v not_o let_v he_o have_v it_o beside_o that_o the_o taker_n occasion_n be_v enforce_v by_o necessity_n and_o he_o can_v be_v no_o loose_a for_o by_o direction_n he_o will_v sell_v his_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_o because_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n do_v still_o govern_v the_o sale_n and_o buy_v of_o commodity_n as_o aforesaid_a english_a merchant_n be_v the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n alter_v there_o according_o will_v have_v the_o like_a consideration_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v provoke_v he_o thereunto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n the_o english_a merchant_n may_v bring_v over_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la wherein_o he_o shall_v become_v again_o the_o course_n be_v agreeable_a to_o justice_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la and_o will_v not_o hinder_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v and_o fall_v as_o formerly_z but_o keep_v all_o in_o due_a order_n with_o these_o consideration_n caution_n and_o prevention_n as_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o to_o prevent_v all_o inconueniency_n proceed_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o fall_v general_o upon_o all_o man_n in_o the_o endear_n of_o thing_n coin_n inconueniency_n of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n &_o particular_o upon_o landlord_n and_o creditor_n in_o their_o rent_n and_o contract_n and_o especial_o upon_o the_o king_n majesty_n land_n the_o statute_n of_o employment_n must_v also_o be_v observe_v to_o make_v the_o remedy_n more_o complete_a with_o a_o register_n to_o record_v the_o money_n which_o foreign_a mariner_n do_v receive_v for_o freight_n come_v from_o norway_n and_o other_o place_n make_v above_o one_o hundred_o voyage_n yearly_a as_o also_o many_o other_o ship_n bring_v corn_n into_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o real_a i_o and_o export_v money_n for_o it_o russian_n the_o policy_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o russian_n the_o turk_n persian_a and_o russian_a have_v herein_o surpass_v we_o in_o true_a policy_n by_o keep_v the_o price_n of_o their_o exchange_n high_a much_o above_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o trade_n by_o exchange_n nor_o money_n but_o only_o for_o commodity_n whereby_o they_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o they_o as_o also_o the_o exportation_n of_o their_o money_n albeit_o the_o use_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v in_o those_o country_n very_o great_a remedy_n objection_n to_o the_o remedy_n the_o objection_n make_v by_o some_o against_o this_o sole_a remedy_n be_v easy_o to_o be_v answer_v for_o they_o be_v ground_v upon_o supposition_n against_o assure_a experience_n 1_o some_o make_v doubt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v rise_v there_o will_v be_v no_o taker_n of_o money_n and_o then_o the_o deliverer_n be_v more_o thrust_v upon_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n 2_o other_o say_v that_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v sell_v their_o cloth_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v receive_v a_o loss_n in_o the_o make_n over_o of_o their_o money_n from_o thence_o by_o deliver_v more_o there_o in_o exchange_n than_o now_o they_o do_v 3_o other_o say_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o vent_v their_o clothes_n according_a to_o the_o high_a exchange_n especial_o now_o that_o cloth_n be_v out_o of_o request_n and_o will_v have_v the_o matter_n of_o reformation_n defer_v until_o another_o time_n in_o their_o opinion_n more_o commodious_a answer_n answer_n the_o first_o objection_n be_v answer_v before_o that_o the_o taker_n be_v rule_v by_o the_o deliverer_n who_o will_v not_o give_v his_o money_n in_o exchange_n under_o the_o true_a value_n according_a to_o the_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o deliverer_n be_v the_o merchant_n stranger_n here_o will_v soon_o be_v thrust_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n for_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o money_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o gain_n whereas_o some_o of_o the_o discreet_a sort_n will_v not_o have_v the_o say_a statute_n too_o strict_o press_v upon_o the_o stranger_n because_o the_o trade_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v into_o their_o hand_n mediocria_fw-la firma_fw-la to_o the_o second_o the_o proclamation_n limit_v a_o time_n for_o execution_n give_v merchant_n ability_n to_o recover_v their_o money_n or_o to_o sell_v their_o bill_n of_o debt_n for_o money_n or_o to_o buy_v commodity_n for_o they_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o the_o three_o experience_n make_v a_o full_a answer_n to_o both_o that_o there_o do_v not_o want_v taker_n when_o the_o late_a inhaunce_n at_o hamborough_n cause_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v from_o under_o twenty_o and_o eight_o shilling_n to_o above_o thirty_o and_o five_o shilling_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o present_a alteration_n will_v be_v and_o wool_n be_v at_o thirty_o and_o three_o shilling_n the_o tod_n which_o be_v now_o fall_v under_o twenty_o shilling_n so_o that_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o cloth_n be_v not_o hinder_v when_o it_o be_v sell_v dear_a by_o one_o full_a three_o part_n but_o there_o be_v above_o eighty_o thousand_o clothes_n sell_v yearly_a where_o there_o be_v now_o sell_v but_o forty_o thousand_o clothes_n the_o time_n be_v also_o to_o be_v think_v more_o convenient_a to_o advance_v a_o commodity_n be_v underualued_a than_o to_o do_v it_o when_o the_o price_n be_v high_a for_o this_o pleurisy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v dangerous_a and_o admit_v no_o time_n of_o cure_v like_o the_o fire_n in_o a_o city_n which_o permit_v not_o any_o inquiry_n to_o examine_v how_o the_o same_o begin_v but_o require_v every_o man_n help_n to_o quench_v the_o same_o and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o inhance_a of_o coin_n e.m._n treatise_n of_o free_a trad_a e.m._n that_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o all_o when_o he_o that_o buy_v dear_a shall_v sell_v dear_a can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v injurious_a unto_o any_o this_o opinion_n be_v without_o consideration_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v exchange_n for_o money_n and_o what_o the_o same_o may_v produce_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n albeit_o that_o between_o man_n and_o man_n it_o may_v prove_v alike_o in_o some_o respect_n to_o make_v this_o evident_a suppose_v two_o merchant_n the_o one_o dwell_v in_o london_n and_o the_o other_o dwell_v at_o amsterdam_n do_v contract_n together_o that_o the_o londoner_n send_v clothes_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o amsterdam_n the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n send_v he_o velvet_n and_o silk_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o london_n and_o in_o the_o account_n to_o be_v keep_v between_o they_o