Selected quad for the lemma: mind_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
mind_n	word_n	write_v	year_n	192	4	4.4485	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52346	An embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China deliver'd by their excellencies, Peter de Goyer and Jacob de Keyzer, at his imperial city of Peking : wherein the cities, towns, villages, ports, rivers, &c. in their passages from Canton to Peking are ingeniously describ'd / by Mr. John Nieuhoff ... ; also an epistle of Father John Adams their antagonist, concerning the whole negotiation ; with an appendix of several remarks taken out of Father Athanasius Kircher ; English'd, and set forth with their several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq. ...; Gezantschap der Neerlandtsche Oost-Indische Compagnie aan den grooten Tartarischen Cham, den tegenwoordigen keizer van China. English	Nieuhof, Johannes, 1618-1672.; Goyer, Pieter de.; Keizer, Jacob de.; Kircher, Athanasius, 1602-1680. China monumentis. Selections. English.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Schall von Bell, Johann Adam, 1592?-1666.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.	1673 (1673)	Wing N1153; ESTC R3880	438,428	416

how_o to_o express_v the_o highness_n or_o lowness_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o mark_n must_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v write_v in_o our_o letter_n and_o mark_v with_o these_o mark_n be_v several_o pronounce_v and_o then_o they_o intend_v several_a thing_n as_o for_o example_n a_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o signify_v god_n and_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o yá_n a_o wall_n and_o yà_fw-la with_o this_o mark_n signify_v dumbness_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o help_n the_o chinese_n language_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v learn_v and_o understand_v as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o because_o that_o in_o this_o language_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a number_n of_o letter_n but_o every_o business_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n must_v be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n which_o give_v not_o only_o a_o infinite_a trouble_n to_o those_o that_o will_v learn_v it_o but_o cause_v a_o vast_a expense_n of_o time_n take_v up_o ten_o or_o twenty_o year_n before_o a_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v and_o write_v this_o mysterious_a language_n wherein_o the_o native_n themselves_z know_v far_o better_a how_o to_o express_v their_o mind_n in_o writing_n than_o by_o speak_v but_o in_o regard_n i_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o character_n and_o write_n of_o the_o chinese_n i_o will_v add_v in_o a_o few_o word_n in_o what_o manner_n they_o place_v they_o and_o herein_o they_o quite_o differ_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o nation_n hereof_o peter_n jarcius_fw-la thus_o in_o his_o treasury_n of_o indian_a thing_n the_o chinese_n say_v he_o do_v not_o write_v from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n as_o the_o european_n nor_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a as_o the_o hebrean_o but_o they_o begin_v from_o the_o right_a side_n above_o and_o write_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o they_o put_v the_o one_o character_n under_o the_o other_o and_o not_o one_o after_o another_o as_o we_o in_o europe_n and_o when_o the_o line_n be_v full_a from_o top_n to_o bottom_n than_o they_o begin_v again_o at_o the_o top_n of_o another_o line_n and_o by_o degree_n go_v down_o again_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o indeed_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o chinese_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o who_o absolute_o write_v after_o another_o manner_n for_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o know_a world_n but_o four_o several_a way_n of_o write_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o place_v the_o letter_n the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a side_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v write_v the_o book_n of_o the_o hebrean_o chaldean_n syrian_n arabian_n and_o egyptian_n the_o second_o be_v from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a side_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o greek_a and_o latin_a book_n be_v write_v and_o so_o write_v at_o present_a all_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o write_v be_v in_o the_o greek_a call_v bustrophedon_n which_o signify_v to_o plough_n with_o ox_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v be_v do_v just_a as_o the_o ox_n make_v furrow_n with_o the_o blow_n namely_o to_o begin_v the_o second_o line_n where_o the_o first_o end_v this_o way_n of_o write_v as_o pausanius_n relate_v be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o so_o as_o be_v report_v be_v write_v the_o law_n of_o solon_n the_o four_o and_o last_o way_n of_o write_v be_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o chineses_n use_n and_o some_o of_o the_o savage_a indian_n but_o although_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v whereby_o each_o thing_n be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n be_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o memory_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o people_n who_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o language_n from_o each_o other_o for_o hereby_o they_o be_v able_a to_o read_v the_o book_n and_o letter_n of_o each_o other_o if_o they_o use_v common_a character_n in_o write_v though_o the_o one_o do_v in_o no_o wise_n understand_v the_o other_o in_o speak_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v that_o those_o of_o japan_n corea_n couchen-china_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o book_n though_o they_o differ_v so_o very_a much_o in_o the_o pronunciation_n that_o one_o can_v understand_v a_o word_n the_o other_o say_v yet_o they_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o most_o indifferent_a reader_n no_o otherwise_o skilled_a than_o in_o the_o vulgar_a idiom_n of_o his_o mother-tongue_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o of_o wonder_n that_o although_o the_o several_a native_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n differ_v infinite_o each_o from_o other_o in_o their_o several_a dialect_n so_o that_o their_o vary_v of_o language_n make_v they_o seem_v as_o stranger_n among_o themselves_o their_o tongue_n be_v useless_a member_n to_o their_o intelect_a yet_o in_o their_o book_n one_o general_n character_n be_v use_v so_o that_o the_o same_o be_v equal_o intelligible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confusion_n of_o language_n in_o the_o several_a province_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v there_o be_v yet_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n another_o common_a tongue_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v quinhoa_n which_o signify_v the_o court_n or_o mandorin_n chinese_n and_o this_o at_o first_o take_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o magistrate_n or_o mandorin_n reside_v in_o the_o respective_a province_n whereto_o they_o be_v send_v with_o a_o superintendent_n authority_n for_o come_v thither_o as_o stranger_n and_o esteem_v it_o below_o their_o greatness_n to_o be_v necessitate_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o tongue_n this_o courtly_a mandorin_n language_n be_v introduce_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n wherein_o not_o only_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o law_n be_v dispatch_v but_o likewise_o all_o person_n of_o rank_n or_o quality_n use_v the_o same_o so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o common_a and_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o latin_a in_o europe_n or_o lingua_n franca_n among_o the_o turk_n and_o this_o be_v the_o language_n that_o stranger_n merchant_n and_o other_o learn_v when_o they_o come_v into_o those_o part_n this_o court-speech_n though_o it_o exceed_v all_o the_o other_o for_o number_n of_o letter_n yet_o it_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o 362_o word_n so_o that_o the_o shortness_n or_o conciseness_n of_o this_o courtly_a or_o more_o modish_a manner_n of_o speak_v make_v it_o flow_v so_o pleasant_o from_o the_o tongue_n that_o it_o pass_v for_o sweet_a elocution_n almost_o all_o other_o language_n yet_o know_v as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o manner_n of_o take_v a_o thing_n either_o with_o the_o whole_a hand_n or_o with_o one_o or_o two_o finger_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o add_v the_o word_n take_v but_o the_o chinese_n do_v express_v the_o same_o quite_o otherwise_o for_o each_o substantive_n as_o a_o cup_n or_o pot_n signify_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v as_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v it_o thus_o nien_z signify_v to_o take_v with_o two_o finger_n tzo_n with_o one_o and_o chua_n with_o the_o whole_a hand_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o word_n stand_v we_o say_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o house_n to_o stand_v eat_v to_o stand_v sleep_v but_o they_o have_v a_o word_n which_o denote_v the_o infinitive_n verb_n to_o stand_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o stand_v so_o likewise_o when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o man_n or_o of_o a_o bird_n we_o always_o add_v the_o same_o word_n leg_n but_o the_o chineses_n express_v it_o all_o in_o one_o for_o kio_n be_v a_o man_n leg_n chua_n a_o bird_n and_o thy_o the_o foot_n of_o any_o creature_n among_o all_o the_o several_a noble_a art_n and_o science_n wherewith_o the_o european_n be_v ennoble_v the_o chineses_n have_v only_o some_o insight_n into_o that_o of_o philosophy_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a thing_n be_v much_o more_o obscure_v among_o they_o by_o several_a interpose_a error_n than_o any_o way_n enlighten_v the_o great_a philosopher_n of_o all_o that_o nation_n be_v one_o confutius_n bear_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o one_o year_n before_o christ_n incarnation_n and_o live_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o above_o seventy_o year_n that_o not_o only_o by_o example_n but_o also_o by_o his_o write_n and_o conversation_n he_o stir_v up_o all_o other_o to_o imitate_v he_o in_o a_o virtuous_a and_o orderly_a course_n of_o life_n whereby_o he_o gain_v so_o great_a a_o esteem_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o believe_v

of_o the_o toutang_n with_o the_o mandorin_n taycoetsin_v and_o thiapang_v with_o order_n to_o bring_v the_o ship_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n and_o there_o to_o lie_v till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o say_a commander_n who_o be_v not_o to_o know_v for_o several_a reason_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o hollander_n have_v take_v his_o leave_n and_o be_v go_v during_o which_o time_n waggenaar_n be_v present_v with_o several_a rarity_n in_o token_n that_o the_o hollander_n be_v receive_v as_o friend_n in_o requital_n whereof_o he_o gratify_v their_o kindness_n with_o guinee_n linen_n bottle_n of_o rose-water_n and_o several_a other_o return_v the_o next_o day_n the_o ship_n be_v come_v high_o up_o the_o river_n several_a of_o the_o company_n will_v have_v go_v ashore_o to_o refresh_v themselves_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o viceroy_n ship_n of_o war_n which_o lie_v there_o to_o watch_v the_o design_n of_o waggenaar_n afterwards_o come_v the_o mandorin_n haitonu_n aboard_o with_o several_a attendant_n to_o conduct_v waggenaar_n ashore_o and_o when_o he_o have_v be_v civil_o treat_v he_o desire_v he_o that_o he_o will_v prepare_v himself_o to_o go_v to_o the_o court_n but_o just_a as_o he_o be_v take_v horse_n there_o come_v two_o mandorin_n to_o he_o with_o a_o unexpected_a message_n put_v several_a strange_a question_n to_o he_o viz._n why_o waggenaar_n be_v desirous_a to_o speak_v with_o the_o viceroy_n and_o what_o his_o business_n be_v and_o whether_o he_o have_v bring_v any_o letter_n or_o present_n for_o the_o great_a cham_n at_o peking_n and_o for_o the_o mandore_a toutang_n at_o canton_n add_v withal_o wherewith_o he_o end_v his_o discourse_n that_o the_o portuguese_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o all_o this_o misunderstanding_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v most_o pleasant_a they_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o hollander_n will_v appear_v before_o the_o viceroy_n in_o person_n they_o must_v ●e_v very_o liberal_a to_o all_o that_o be_v about_o he_o whereupon_o waggenaar_n make_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o bribe_v the_o viceroy_n or_o his_o courtier_n to_o take_v the_o letter_n and_o present_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o master_n contrary_a to_o he_o and_o their_o inclination_n but_o yet_o he_o will_v give_v a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o he_o that_o shall_v procure_v a_o free_a trade_n for_o this_o year_n at_o canton_n during_o this_o conference_n the_o same_o haitonu_n return_v with_o advice_n to_o waggenaar_n that_o he_o must_v not_o appear_v before_o the_o viceroy_n who_o notwithstanding_o will_v read_v his_o letter_n hereupon_o waggenaar_n deliver_v he_o the_o letter_n and_o not_o long_o after_o a_o answer_n be_v bring_v he_o by_o the_o viceroy_n interpreter_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o in_o regard_n the_o hollander_n have_v not_o bring_v with_o they_o any_o letter_n nor_o present_n to_o the_o emperor_n at_o peking_n though_o sufficient_a advice_n have_v be_v give_v thereof_o to_o the_o hollander_n at_o batavia_n and_o high_o recommend_v unto_o they_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o his_o great_a sorrow_n that_o he_o can_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o have_v any_o speech_n with_o he_o now_o when_o waggenaar_n see_v that_o he_o can_v not_o effect_v any_o thing_n with_o he_o he_o depart_v from_o canton_n with_o both_o the_o yacht_n and_o return_v back_o to_o batavia_n nothing_o be_v do_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o barbarous_a people_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o demand_v ten_o thousand_o toel_n of_o silver_n only_o to_o render_v the_o letter_n and_o present_v acceptable_a to_o the_o viceroy_n before_o any_o conference_n can_v be_v have_v about_o drive_v a_o trade_n with_o they_o now_o according_a to_o the_o proposal_n of_o the_o general_n john_n maatzuiker_n and_o the_o council_n of_o india_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n at_o amsterdam_n conclude_v and_o order_v a_o embassy_n to_o be_v send_v from_o batavia_n to_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi at_o peking_n whereupon_o peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n and_o jacob_n de_fw-fr keyzer_n both_o merchant_n be_v choose_v ambassador_n at_o hurkos_n with_o a_o suitable_a train_n of_o fourteen_o peson_n namely_o two_o merchant_n six_o waiter_n a_o steward_n a_o chirurgeon_n two_o interpreter_n one_o trumpeter_n and_o one_o drummer_n beside_o these_o they_o take_v two_o merchant_n more_o with_o they_o who_o during_o their_o voyage_n to_o peking_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o traffic_n at_o canton_n namely_o francis_n lantsman_n as_o chief_a and_o henry_n gramsbergen_n his_o companion_n two_o yatche_n be_v appoint_v to_o transport_v they_o from_o batavia_n to_o canton_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n the_o present_n which_o the_o ambassador_n take_v with_o they_o for_o the_o great_a cham_n consist_v of_o several_a rich_a piece-goods_a as_o cloth_n kersey_n and_o other_o woollen_a manufacture_n of_o fine_a linen_n mace_n cinnamon_n clove_n nutmeg_n coral_n little_a trunk_n of_o wax_n perspective-glass_n looking-glass_n great_a and_o small_a sword_n gun_n feather_n armour_n and_o several_a other_o ware_n the_o content_n of_o their_o credential_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o chief_a end_n and_o design_n of_o this_o embassy_n be_v to_o make_v a_o good_a agreement_n and_o firm_a league_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o tartary_n and_o china_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o free_a trade_n drive_v throughout_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n betwixt_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o hollander_n and_o that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v confirm_v under_o the_o hand_n and_o seal_n of_o both_o party_n have_v put_v aboard_o the_o merchandise_n present_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o our_o voyage_n the_o ambassador_n go_v aboard_o on_o the_o 14._o of_o june_n 1655._o with_o all_o their_o follower_n we_o set_v sail_n that_o same_o night_n with_o a_o southeast_n wind_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o batavia_n steer_v our_o course_n northerly_a but_o before_o i_o relate_v what_o happen_v to_o we_o upon_o our_o voyage_n after_o we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o firm_a land_n of_o china_n i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o account_n in_o brief_a of_o this_o famous_a and_o eminent_a city_n a_o draught_n whereof_o i_o toook_v before_o my_o departure_n from_o thence_o and_o be_v thus_o here_o represent_v in_o the_o adjoin_a print_n this_o city_n batavia_n java_n so_o call_v from_o the_o netherlands_o ancient_a name_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o island_n of_o great_a java_n and_o so_o fruitful_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n and_o corn_n that_o the_o learned_a scaliger_n extol_v this_o island_n for_o one_o of_o the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o comprehensive_a place_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o from_o hence_o come_v not_o only_a pepper_n ginger_n cinnamon_n and_o other_o spice_n in_o great_a abundance_n but_o also_o all_o manner_n of_o tame_a and_o wild_a cattle_n which_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o to_o other_o part_n it_o produce_v also_o all_o manner_n of_o gem_n gold-mine_n precious_a stone_n and_o rich_a silk_n in_o great_a quantity_n but_o yet_o so_o subject_a to_o stormy_a and_o tempestuous_a wether_n that_o they_o be_v seldom_o free_a from_o commotion_v sky_n the_o ancient_a native_n of_o this_o island_n be_v original_o spring_v from_o the_o chineses_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fear_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n flee_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o settle_a themselves_o here_o in_o java_n and_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n which_o they_o choose_v for_o their_o security_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o native_n of_o this_o island_n who_o call_v themselves_o by_o the_o name_n of_o javaner_n be_v general_o of_o a_o middle_a stature_n and_o round_o visage_v most_o of_o they_o go_v naked_a have_v only_o a_o cloth_n about_o their_o middle_n to_o cover_v their_o secret_n they_o be_v count_v the_o most_o civilise_a people_n of_o all_o the_o indian_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v great_a glutton_n proud_a deceitful_a impudent_a and_o not_o to_o be_v trust_v when_o they_o have_v pass_v their_o word_n for_o when_o a_o king_n of_o java_n have_v falsify_v his_o word_n and_o his_o promise_n and_o be_v handsome_o rebuke_v for_o it_o he_o return_v for_o answer_v that_o the_o tongue_n of_o a_o man_n be_v not_o make_v of_o bone_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o pliant_a to_o the_o flexibility_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o various_a resolution_n they_o be_v also_o represent_v to_o be_v cruel_a bloodthirsty_a and_o hardly_o appease_v when_o once_o offend_v as_o also_o that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o eat_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o their_o friend_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o mahumetan_n or_o idolater_n according_a to_o the_o several_a persuasion_n of_o their_o king_n who_o be_v many_o in_o this_o isle_n where_o paganism_n as_o the_o most_o ancient_a be_v spread_v universal_o and_o most_o of_o they_o be_v idolater_n

and_o to_o that_o end_n and_o purpose_n in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o old_a chinese_n character_n or_o letter_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o those_o in_o present_a use_n for_o at_o first_o the_o chineses_n characterise_v their_o meaning_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o hierogly_a phick_n shape_n as_o of_o fourfooted_a beast_n creep_v creature_n fish_n herb_n bough_n of_o tree_n rope_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v various_o make_v and_o contrive_v as_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o user_n think_v meet_v but_o after-age_n by_o a_o long_a series_n of_o time_n and_o a_o constant_a practical_a use_n thereof_o find_v a_o great_a confusion_n in_o such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o differ_v creature_n and_o herb_n imitate_v the_o form_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o character_n make_v or_o add_v some_o little_a point_n and_o line_n about_o they_o to_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v reduce_v they_o into_o better_a order_n and_o a_o less_o number_n and_o those_o be_v the_o letter_n they_o use_v at_o present_a of_o the_o old_a chinese_n character_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v seventeen_o sort_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a be_v invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n tohias_n and_o compose_v of_o dragon_n and_o snake_n most_o strange_o interweave_v one_o within_o another_o and_o cast_v into_o several_a form_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o book_n which_o the_o same_o emperor_n tohias_n write_v of_o astrology_n be_v call_v the_o book_n of_o dragon_n but_o at_o this_o time_n those_o character_n be_v quite_o wear_v out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o country_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v frame_v out_o of_o several_a thing_n belong_v to_o husbandry_n and_o use_v by_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n xinnung_n in_o all_o treatise_n concern_v tillage_n the_o three_o sort_n consist_v of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o bird_n fumhoan_n and_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n xanhoan_n who_o have_v likewise_o write_v a_o particular_a book_n of_o bird_n in_o these_o character_n the_o four_o sort_n of_o old_a character_n be_v compile_v out_o of_o oyster_n and_o small_a worm_n the_o five_o of_o several_a sort_n of_o root_n of_o herb_n and_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o form_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n have_v write_v several_a book_n the_o six_o sort_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o claw_n of_o cock_n and_o hen_n and_o other_o fowl_n and_o invent_v by_o king_n choam_n the_o seven_o be_v compose_v of_o tortoise-shell_n and_o have_v for_o their_o first_o founder_n the_o emperor_n yoo_z the_o eight_o be_v show_v in_o small_a bird_n and_o parrot_n the_o nine_o in_o herb_n and_o bird_n the_o ten_o be_v of_o co_n invent_v only_o for_o a_o token_n of_o remembrance_n the_o eleven_o be_v of_o star_n the_o twelve_o of_o several_a other_o letter_n serve_v for_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n to_o the_o thirteen_o belong_v the_o letter_n you_o can_v chi_fw-mi cien_fw-fr tao_n the_o character_n of_o the_o fourteen_o sort_n be_v call_v the_o letter_n of_o rest_n mirth_n knowledge_n darkness_n and_o clearness_n the_o fifteen_o sort_n be_v of_o fish_n the_o sixteen_o sort_n be_v not_o yet_o know_v to_o we_o in_o europe_n nor_o indeed_o to_o any_o beside_o themselves_o and_o not_o to_o all_o they_o neither_o the_o seventeen_o sort_n be_v use_v in_o seal_v up_o of_o letter_n and_o write_v of_o superscription_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v more_o clear_o understand_v the_o matter_n i_o will_v set_v down_o some_o of_o the_o old_a character_n with_o those_o now_o in_o use_n as_o for_o example_n the_o character_n number_v with_o the_o figure_n 1._o signify_v with_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n at_o present_a as_o the_o number_n 2._o do_v express_v the_o sun_n be_v demonstrate_v former_o by_o a_o round_a circle_n or_o ring_n with_o a_o speck_n in_o the_o middle_n as_o the_o number_n 3._o declare_v but_o now_o it_o be_v express_v as_o in_o number_n 4._o a_o dragon_n be_v former_o depict_v with_o the_o figure_n as_o be_v express_v in_o number_n 5._o but_o now_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o figure_n number_n 6._o a_o sceptre_n with_o one_o eye_n as_o be_v express_v in_o number_n 7._o signify_v former_o the_o king_n name_n but_o now_o it_o be_v show_v with_o the_o figure_n as_o in_o number_n 8._o a_o bird_n hen_n or_o cock_n be_v former_o express_v in_o full_a shape_n and_o posture_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o number_n 9_o and_o 11._o but_o at_o present_a those_o creature_n be_v describe_v as_o in_o number_n 10._o and_o 12._o but_o the_o chineses_n at_o present_a use_n no_o more_o such_o character_n to_o express_v the_o form_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o only_o some_o certain_a line_n and_o mark_n which_o however_o different_a in_o form_n in_o some_o sort_n obscure_o resemble_v the_o character_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o thing_n for_o a_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o the_o character_n in_o use_n at_o present_a among_o the_o chinese_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o insert_v one_o of_o the_o figure_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n m._n out_o of_o nine_o several_a line_n or_o mark_v the_o chinese_n character_n of_o these_o time_n be_v compose_v so_o that_o by_o add_v or_o omit_v of_o one_o line_n or_o mark_n another_o signification_n proper_o arise_v for_o example_n a_o straight_a line_n as_o by_o the_o figure_n a_o upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o this_o print_n signify_v one_o or_o the_o first_o with_o a_o line_n draw_v through_o it_o as_o at_z b_o denote_v ten_o and_o with_o a_o line_n underneath_o it_o as_o at_o c_o it_o signify_v earth_n with_o another_o put_v over_o the_o downright_a line_n as_o the_o figure_n d_o it_o speak_v king_n with_o a_o point_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o by_o the_o figure_n e_o it_o signify_v a_o pearl_n but_o such_o a_o point_n on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o at_o figure_n f_o signify_v to_o live_v last_o with_o a_o point_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o it_o as_o at_o figure_n g_o it_o signify_v lord_n now_o though_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v several_a character_n in_o their_o language_n yet_o in_o speak_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n in_o they_o all_o their_o word_n sound_v alike_o notwithstanding_o the_o difference_n of_o form_n and_o signification_n in_o write_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v no_o language_n which_o have_v so_o many_o double-meaning_a word_n as_o the_o chinese_n be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o some_o sound_n or_o expression_n in_o use_n among_o themselves_o out_o of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n for_o no_o person_n can_v transcribe_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o that_o language_n which_o be_v read_v unto_o he_o nor_o can_v any_o book_n be_v understand_v by_o hear_v another_o read_v it_o because_o the_o double_a meaning_n and_o various_a sound_n of_o the_o word_n can_v be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o ear_n and_o be_v only_o to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o sight_n or_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o common_a discourse_n that_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o put_v their_o mind_n in_o write_v else_o one_o can_v understand_v the_o other_o what_o he_o mean_v though_o he_o speak_v very_o clear_a and_o plain_a this_o double_a meaning_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n take_v away_o by_o five_o several_a sound_n now_o in_o use_n which_o yet_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v distinguish_v so_o that_o many_o time_n very_o great_a mistake_n happen_v between_o those_o that_o have_v not_o be_v use_v to_o these_o sound_n from_o the_o very_a cradle_n a_o italian_a tell_v a_o chinese_n that_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v ship_n to_o be_v see_v as_o big_a as_o mountain_n he_o give_v the_o word_n wherewith_o he_o will_v have_v denote_v a_o ship_n the_o same_o sound_n that_o express_v a_o tile_n upon_o the_o house_n the_o chinese_n take_v it_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n seem_v to_o admire_v very_o much_o his_o say_v and_o at_o length_n begin_v to_o laugh_v at_o he_o as_o though_o he_o have_v tell_v they_o incredible_a thing_n ask_v he_o withal_o to_o what_o use_n they_o put_v a_o tile_n of_o such_o bigness_n and_o say_n that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v a_o very_a large_a oven_n that_o can_v bake_v such_o a_o tile_n by_o which_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v and_o withal_o how_o infinite_o troublesome_a it_o be_v both_o to_o stranger_n and_o native_n to_o learn_v these_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o pronunciation_n or_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o the_o jesuit_n therefore_o who_o be_v send_v to_o propagate_v the_o gospel_n in_o china_n have_v find_v out_o five_o point_n of_o five_o mark_n which_o they_o put_v over_o every_o word_n and_o thereby_o know_v

be_v image_n cut_v out_o of_o one_o hard_a stone_n and_o make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n who_o live_v all_o his_o life_n here_o in_o solitariness_n near_o to_o vucheu_o upon_o the_o hill_n vangkiu_fw-mi stand_v a_o strange_a image_n in_o shape_n and_o proportion_n resemble_v a_o man_n but_o attend_v with_o this_o peculiarity_n that_o according_a to_o the_o several_a temper_n of_o the_o air_n it_o receive_v several_a colour_n by_o the_o change_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n know_v whether_o they_o shall_v have_v fair_a or_o foul_a wether_n the_o emperor_n xius_o employ_v five_o thousand_o man_n to_o dig_v a_o passage_n quite_o through_o the_o mountain_n fang_n for_o he_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o beforementioned_a deceitful_a mountain-gazer_n who_o promise_v to_o foretell_v every_o person_n destiny_n by_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o hill_n some_o of_o who_o have_v give_v out_o that_o they_o foresee_v by_o this_o hill_n shape_n that_o another_o emperor_n shall_v reign_v wherefore_o xius_o to_o frustrate_v his_o approach_a fate_n cause_v this_o hill_n to_o be_v cut_v through_o to_o alter_v its_o shape_n near_o to_o the_o city_n ce_v upon_o the_o mountain_n loyo_n stand_v the_o statue_n of_o a_o great_a lion_n out_o of_o who_o mouth_n gush_v water_n continual_o near_o to_o the_o city_n xeu_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v upon_o the_o hill_n cuke_v be_v find_v a_o great_a lump_n of_o gold_n which_o they_o say_v have_v the_o virtue_n of_o cure_v several_a disease_n the_o hill_n kieuquan_n be_v call_v the_o hill_n of_o seven_o palace_n because_o the_o son_n of_o king_n cyugan_n cause_v seven_o palace_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o in_o which_o they_o reside_v and_o study_v several_a science_n the_o hill_n lin_n near_o to_o the_o city_n tauleu_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o expert_a archery_n of_o one_o hevyus_fw-la who_o in_o this_o place_n shoot_v seven_o bird_n fly_v one_o after_o another_o near_o to_o the_o city_n ceu_fw-la be_v the_o mountain_n changp_v very_o much_o note_v for_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o great_a and_o admire_a philosopher_n confutius_n here_o also_o may_v be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o some_o city_n or_o town_n that_o former_o stand_v upon_o it_o near_o to_o the_o city_n kioheu_o lie_v the_o hill_n fang_n not_o a_o little_a frequent_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o ancestor_n of_o confutius_n the_o hill_n kieuchin_n near_o to_o hanyang_n have_v its_o name_n from_o nine_o virgin_n that_o be_v sister_n and_o live_v thereon_o study_v chemistry_n near_o to_o the_o city_n cuckoe_n lie_v the_o mountain_n cuckoe_n where_o report_n say_v king_n ci_o bury_v much_o gold_n and_o afterward_o because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o discover_v put_v to_o death_n all_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o hide_v it_o but_o by_o chance_v a_o young_a son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o workman_n take_v notice_n of_o what_o his_o father_n be_v do_v and_o bear_v the_o same_o in_o mind_n when_o he_o come_v to_o year_n of_o discretion_n go_v and_o take_v it_o away_o with_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o father_n death_n felicitate_v his_o own_o life_n upon_o certain_a high_a hill_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n where_o it_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n honan_n lie_v a_o kingdom_n call_v kiug_v absolute_a of_o itself_o and_o no_o way_n subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n be_v of_o china_n only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o maintain_n of_o a_o good_a correspondence_n the_o king_n thereof_o receive_v from_o the_o chinese_n monarch_n his_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n these_o high-land_n people_n will_v in_o no_o wise_n suffer_v the_o chineses_n to_o come_v among_o they_o and_o very_o hardly_o to_o speak_v to_o they_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o issue_n of_o they_o who_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n to_o avoid_v the_o outrage_n of_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cheva_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o these_o high_a mountain_n for_o safety_n where_o ever_o since_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v possess_v innumerable_a brave_a vale_n and_o incomparable_a good_a land_n which_o be_v secure_v against_o the_o invasion_n or_o inroad_n of_o any_o enemy_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o mountain_n in_o china_n be_v great_a store_n of_o wild_a people_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a passage_n to_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o emperor_n notwithstanding_o great_a endeavour_n have_v be_v use_v to_o effect_v the_o same_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o mine_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n within_o the_o spacious_a continent_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o chief_o upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v find_v many_o rich_a mine_n as_o well_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o other_o metal_n in_o great_a abundance_n yet_o to_o dig_v for_o gold_n or_o silver_n out_o of_o any_o of_o they_o be_v forbid_v although_o it_o remain_v free_a for_o any_o person_n to_o seek_v for_o gold_n upon_o the_o side_n and_o bank_n of_o river_n where_o the_o same_o be_v also_o find_v in_o great_a quantity_n with_o which_o all_o the_o country_n drive_v their_o trade_n by_o barter_v and_o exchange_v it_o away_o for_o other_o commodity_n upon_o the_o mountain_n yocheu_fw-la be_v dig_v up_o a_o green_a stone_n which_o be_v beat_v to_o powder_n afford_v the_o painter_n a_o most_o delicate_a vert._n there_o be_v also_o several_a excellent_a stone_n quarry_n among_o which_o some_o of_o marble_n whereof_o they_o make_v table_n and_o other_o curious_a ornament_n for_o their_o house_n it_o have_v such_o strange_a yet_o natural_a vein_n that_o by_o their_o concentr_n the_o shape_n of_o hill_n water_n tree_n flower_n be_v so_o admirable_o figure_v upon_o the_o same_o as_o if_o the_o most_o exquisite_a artist_n of_o the_o world_n have_v depict_v they_o with_o his_o pencil_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n be_v find_v very_o clear_a white_a and_o red_a marble_n as_o also_o touchstone_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o stone_n which_o for_o colour_n and_o hardness_n be_v much_o value_v and_o upon_o the_o mountain_n xaitung_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la the_o jasper_n of_o several_a colour_n be_v find_v as_o also_o in_o xensi_fw-la upon_o the_o hill_n io_n be_v very_o clear_a stone_n which_o for_o their_o lustre_n and_o sparkle_a resemble_v diamond_n out_o of_o mount_n kiun_n be_v dig_v red_a marble_n in_o suchue_n on_o mount_n tiexe_n grow_v a_o stone_n which_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o fire_n yield_v iron_n very_o fit_a to_o make_v sword_n the_o hill_n cucay_n near_a chingtien_n bring_v forth_o tree_n and_o stone_n red_a of_o colour_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n all_o the_o product_n of_o the_o hill_n hoan_n which_o signify_v the_o yellow_a hill_n even_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o gold_n colour_n there_o be_v several_a other_o hill_n which_o produce_v strange_a and_o precious_a stone_n as_o the_o hill_n xeyen_fw-mi so_o name_v because_o after_o rain_v there_o be_v find_v stone_n upon_o the_o same_o resemble_v swallow_n many_o other_o produce_v variety_n of_o stone_n hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n by_o reason_n of_o experiment_n which_o have_v be_v make_v of_o they_o in_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n as_o all_o sort_n of_o ague_n fever_n calenture_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o in_o some_o place_n be_v such_o variety_n of_o rare_a and_o physical_a stone_n so_o in_o other_o be_v earth_n and_o medicinal_a drug_n namely_o in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n near_o to_o the_o city_n cincheu_o be_v dig_v up_o a_o certain_a yellow_a earth_n which_o be_v a_o powerful_a antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n in_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o huquang_n there_o be_v several_a place_n where_o they_o gather_v great_a store_n of_o manna_n which_o the_o native_n take_v for_o freeze_a dew_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la upon_o the_o mountain_n tape_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o certain_a earth_n so_o red_a that_o they_o use_v it_o for_o vermilion_a to_o print_v their_o red_a seal_n whereas_o upon_o the_o mountain_n nieuxu_fw-la the_o earth_n be_v so_o white_a that_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o woman_n in_o stead_n of_o paint_n for_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o strange_o embellish_v the_o face_n which_o be_v wash_v therewith_o here_o also_o they_o have_v mine_n of_o coal_n which_o be_v like_o those_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v also_o in_o divers_a place_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o lime_n which_o they_o press_v from_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v tough_a and_o stick_v like_o pitch_n of_o this_o which_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v call_v a_o gum_n they_o make_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o paint_n wherewith_o they_o colour_v all_o their_o ship_n house_n and_o householdstuff_n which_o make_v they_o to_o shine_v like_o glass_n and_o

not_o set_v forth_o a_o edict_n thereby_o command_v every_o person_n to_o cut_v his_o hair_n after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o which_o the_o chinese_n commander_n and_o inhabitant_n who_o have_v as_o much_o love_n for_o their_o hair_n as_o their_o country_n begin_v to_o fly_v to_o their_o arm_n with_o a_o resolution_n to_o fight_v for_o their_o hair_n which_o they_o do_v with_o such_o valour_n and_o courage_n that_o they_o beat_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o the_o city_n of_o xaok_v force_v they_o to_o fly_v over_o the_o river_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o their_o man_n and_o doubtless_o if_o at_o this_o time_n they_o have_v pursue_v they_o may_v have_v regain_v those_o place_n they_o have_v lose_v but_o be_v satisfy_v in_o their_o mind_n that_o they_o have_v thus_o preserve_v their_o hair_n they_o cease_v to_o pursue_v their_o victory_n only_o make_v resistance_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n where_o they_o so_o fortify_v themselves_o with_o the_o raise_n bulwark_n and_o fort_n that_o the_o tartar_n desist_v for_o a_o whole_a year_n without_o make_v any_o considerable_a attempt_n the_o people_n have_v unfortunate_o lose_v their_o faithful_a and_o too_o zealous_o love_v prince_n lovangus_n endeavour_v to_o make_v another_o head_n over_o they_o and_o to_o create_v one_o lu._n of_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n emperor_n but_o he_o likewise_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a title_n only_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o of_o restorer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o tartar_n find_v their_o army_n much_o weaken_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o man_n they_o have_v lose_v in_o several_a battle_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o effect_v any_o considerable_a design_n send_v for_o fresh_a man_n from_o peking_n to_o reinforce_v their_o troop_n wherewith_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v the_o river_n cienthang_fw-mi but_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o force_n and_o policy_n they_o can_v use_v be_v not_o able_a to_o accomplish_v it_o and_o thus_o the_o chineses_n begin_v by_o degree_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a country_n which_o have_v undoubted_o have_v very_o prosperous_o succeed_v if_o a_o unfortunate_a accident_n have_v not_o happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n which_o prevent_v it_o the_o story_n thus_o the_o soldiery_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n that_o be_v flee_v out_o of_o chekiang_n have_v with_o they_o one_o of_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n who_o they_o proclaim_v emperor_n in_o the_o same_o province_n which_o border_n upon_o that_o of_o chekiang_n this_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o lofty_a and_o ambitious_a nature_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v himself_o within_o bound_n send_v some_o to_o persuade_v king_n lu._n to_o renounce_v his_o sovereignty_n to_o lay_v down_o his_o government_n and_o quit_v the_o title_n of_o restorer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n allege_v that_o he_o have_v but_o few_o city_n and_o be_v not_o so_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o former_a emperor_n as_o himself_o lu._n argue_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o he_o have_v the_o priority_n of_o title_n by_o the_o election_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o his_o conquest_n sufficient_o show_v the_o love_n he_o bear_v and_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v his_o country_n the_o tartar_n be_v not_o a_o little_a overjoy_v at_o these_o division_n which_o give_v they_o a_o opportunity_n to_o work_v their_o end_n by_o reduce_v the_o whole_a empire_n under_o their_o power_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reconcile_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o new_a king_n so_o as_o they_o may_v join_v their_o force_n against_o the_o tartar_n each_o of_o they_o still_o endeavour_v what_o he_o can_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o other_o and_o in_o regard_n lu._n have_v but_o eight_o city_n under_o his_o command_n which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v a_o army_n sufficient_a to_o grapple_v with_o the_o tartar_n he_o only_o stand_v upon_o the_o defensive_a part_n and_o never_o dare_v venture_v over_o the_o river_n the_o tartar_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n labour_v with_o their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o get_v over_o the_o river_n but_o with_o ship_n they_o dare_v not_o attempt_v understand_v very_o well_o that_o lu._n have_v sufficient_a to_o oppose_v notwithstanding_o which_o fortune_n too_o much_o favour_v the_o tartar_n in_o their_o undertake_n it_o happen_v this_o year_n to_o be_v a_o very_a hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n so_o that_o the_o river_n on_o the_o southside_n be_v thereby_o grow_v shallow_a of_o which_o they_o by_o the_o information_n of_o some_o treacherous_a chineses_n have_v intelligence_n find_v out_o a_o fordable_a place_n for_o their_o horse_n whereof_o a_o few_o only_o be_v get_v over_o give_v present_o sudden_a alarm_n to_o the_o country_n that_o so_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o flee_v and_o leave_v all_o to_o save_v their_o life_n lu._n himself_o be_v so_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n that_o he_o abandon_v the_o city_n xaok_v and_o flee_v into_o the_o island_n cheuxan_n situate_v over_o against_o ningpo_n the_o nine_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n where_o he_o live_v several_a year_n after_o this_o island_n never_o inhabit_v before_o but_o by_o a_o company_n of_o poor_a fisherman_n and_o peasant_n be_v now_o through_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o chinese_n flee_v thither_o to_o aid_v this_o lu._n as_o the_o protector_n of_o their_o hair_n grow_v to_o be_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o kingdom_n that_o there_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o same_o seventy_o two_o city_n the_o chinese_n and_o their_o protector_n be_v thus_o flee_v the_o tartar_n conquer_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n without_o meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n only_o the_o city_n of_o kinhoa_n whereof_o the_o tutang_n be_v governor_n do_v withstand_v for_o some_o month_n their_o victorious_a arm_n for_o the_o governor_n be_v resolve_v to_o quit_v himself_o with_o courage_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o country_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o his_o valour_n and_o resolution_n at_o last_o the_o tartar_n have_v plant_v some_o great_a gun_n before_o the_o city_n they_o make_v a_o large_a breach_n in_o the_o wall_n at_o which_o they_o enter_v and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n insomuch_o that_o they_o leave_v not_o one_o house_n stand_v the_o governor_n himself_o to_o prevent_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o enemy_n cause_v himself_o and_o his_o family_n to_o be_v blow_v up_o with_o power_n in_o his_o palace_n one_o of_o the_o same_o three_o army_n be_v already_o upon_o its_o march_n in_o order_n to_o the_o subdue_a the_o province_n of_o fokien_n but_o be_v in_o no_o small_a trouble_n where_o to_o begin_v the_o same_o to_o their_o own_o least_o prejudice_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o hindrance_n give_v to_o they_o by_o the_o steep_a hill_n and_o mountain_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o this_o province_n for_o between_o fokien_n and_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n kiangsi_n and_o chekiang_n lie_v a_o row_n of_o inaccessible_a rock_n and_o mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o other_o three_o and_o to_o get_v over_o the_o same_o be_v not_o only_o a_o troublesome_a but_o tedious_a journey_n of_o three_o day_n so_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o very_a easy_a matter_n to_o the_o chineses_n to_o have_v hinder_v at_o least_o if_o not_o stop_v the_o tartar_n in_o their_o march_n through_o these_o mountain_n if_o they_o have_v guard_v the_o same_o but_o with_o a_o few_o peasant_n but_o they_o be_v so_o fright_v and_o amaze_v at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o they_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n upon_o their_o first_o approach_n so_o that_o at_o last_o though_o with_o infinite_a trouble_n they_o get_v over_o they_o into_o fokien_n which_o they_o subdue_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o for_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v little_a or_o no_o opposition_n the_o tartar_n be_v favourable_a unto_o they_o this_o do_v and_o have_v reinforce_v their_o army_n they_o march_v to_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n through_o those_o of_o huquang_n and_o kiangsi_n whither_o be_v come_v and_o attaque_a the_o chief_a city_n thereof_o they_o soon_o lay_v it_o whole_o waste_v because_o it_o have_v make_v some_o opposition_n against_o they_o move_v by_o the_o terror_n of_o who_o example_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n not_o dare_v to_o stand_v out_o submit_v at_o first_o summons_n these_o province_n thus_o bring_v under_o a_o army_n be_v send_v for_o peking_n with_o order_n to_o settle_v in_o each_o city_n a_o strong_a garrison_n and_o magistrate_n over_o both_o civil_a and_o military_a affair_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n but_o there_o be_v some_o that_o give_v another_o reason_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o tartar_n happen_v to_o master_n the_o province_n of_o fokien_n with_o so_o little_a

settle_n of_o good_a garrison_n in_o all_o place_n march_v back_o in_o triumph_n to_o peking_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a joy_n and_o now_o have_v thus_o subdue_v the_o rebel_n and_o make_v all_o thing_n to_o become_v peaceable_a and_o quiet_a he_o bend_v all_o his_o thought_n to_o accomplish_v the_o match_n between_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o west-tartary_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o take_v a_o journey_n thither_o in_o person_n and_o through_o his_o crafty_a behaviour_n at_o last_o obtain_v his_o suit_n and_o also_o licence_n for_o the_o exportation_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n the_o wedding_n be_v keep_v in_o very_o great_a state_n for_o the_o tartar_a king_n maintain_v in_o marriage_n the_o same_o custom_n with_o those_o of_o europe_n match_v only_o with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o high_a quality_n whereas_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o choose_v only_o for_o beauty_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n and_o one_o of_o a_o mean_a extraction_n for_o if_o the_o face_n do_v but_o please_v they_o they_o mind_v not_o the_o quality_n as_o a_o testimony_n whereof_o most_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o father_n of_o the_o last_o chinese_n empress_n maintain_v himself_o by_o make_v shoe_n of_o straw_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o three_o vice-roys_n who_o be_v make_v by_o the_o tartar_n governor_n over_o the_o three_o province_n of_o fokien_n quantung_n and_o quangsi_n and_o send_v with_o three_o army_n to_o reduce_v quantung_v drive_v out_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n and_o pacify_v the_o disorder_n in_o the_o southern_a province_n they_o take_v their_o journey_n through_o a_o country_n which_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n have_v give_v to_o some_o tartar_n for_o the_o native_a chineses_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o conspiracy_n be_v all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n to_o inhabit_v and_o cultivate_v the_o same_o they_o request_v of_o the_o vice-roys_n that_o they_o may_v accompany_v they_o upon_o the_o way_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o people_n ever_o have_v a_o aversion_n to_o husbandry_n love_v their_o arm_n better_a than_o the_o plough_n or_o spade_n but_o two_o of_o the_o vice-roys_n deny_v their_o request_n without_o leave_n from_o the_o emperor_n the_o three_o only_o call_v kengus_n be_v of_o a_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n permit_v they_o to_o follow_v he_o so_o they_o abandon_v the_o country_n and_o exchange_v their_o spade_n and_o plough_n for_o bough_n and_o arrow_n follow_v their_o countryman_n with_o great_a joy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n hear_v of_o it_o he_o write_v a_o letter_n to_o kengus_n with_o express_a command_n to_o send_v they_o back_o to_o their_o husbandry_n but_o kengus_n take_v no_o notice_n thereof_o suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v their_o march_n with_o he_o whereof_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o second_o time_n notice_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n send_v to_o the_o chief_a tutang_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o southern_a province_n who_o hold_v his_o court_n at_o nank_v either_o to_o imprison_v or_o kill_v kengus_n the_o tutang_n forthwith_o obey_v the_o emperor_n order_n for_o after_o the_o three_o vice-roys_n be_v arrive_v at_o nank_v and_o have_v be_v noble_o treat_v by_o the_o tutang_n he_o pull_v out_o his_o letter_n and_o order_n show_v they_o to_o kengus_n who_o know_v that_o no_o excuse_n will_v be_v admit_v go_v immediate_o and_o hang_v himself_o however_o his_o son_n who_o accompany_v he_o in_o the_o war_n succeed_v he_o in_o his_o place_n by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n after_o this_o the_o other_o two_o vice-roys_n through_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n kiangsi_n and_o nank_v at_o last_o arrive_v at_o quantung_n with_o a_o intention_n according_a to_o their_o commission_n to_o reduce_v that_o province_n and_o to_o force_v junglieu_n to_o fly_v thence_o and_o indeed_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o report_n of_o the_o come_n of_o these_o three_o army_n spread_v through_o the_o country_n but_o most_o place_n submit_v free_o only_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n or_o quancheu_fw-la endure_v a_o long_a and_o hard_a siege_n and_o make_v great_a and_o valiant_a opposition_n yet_o be_v at_o last_o take_v by_o treachery_n in_o the_o year_n 1650._o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o city_n level_v with_o the_o ground_n after_o the_o take_n of_o canton_n all_o the_o adjacent_a city_n and_o place_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o vice-roys_n with_o promise_n of_o submission_n if_o they_o may_v have_v their_o life_n spare_v which_o be_v free_o grant_v they_o then_o the_o viceroy_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o the_o city_n chaik_v where_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n keep_v his_o court_n at_o that_o time_n who_o hear_v of_o his_o come_n dare_v not_o stay_v for_o he_o but_o leave_v the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o flee_v to_o that_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o quangsi_n but_o be_v narrow_o and_o close_o pursue_v he_o be_v necessitate_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tungk_v where_o what_o become_v of_o he_o be_v not_o since_o that_o time_n certain_o know_v in_o the_o year_n 1651._o die_v the_o faithful_a uncle_n of_o the_o tartar_n emperor_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o lamentation_n of_o all_o people_n for_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a valour_n prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o to_o who_o happy_a conduct_v the_o conquest_n of_o china_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v attribute_v not_o only_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o chineses_n themselves_o love_v and_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o understanding_n in_o martial_a affair_n and_o his_o otherwise_o civil_a comportment_n and_o integrity_n and_o as_o good_a man_n always_o die_v too_o soon_o so_o be_v he_o hardly_o cold_a but_o great_a division_n happen_v in_o the_o court_n by_o mean_n of_o one_o of_o the_o emperor_n brother_n call_v quintus_fw-la who_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o guardianship_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o young_a emperor_n against_o the_o will_n and_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o emperor_n xunchius_n be_v now_o arrive_v at_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n be_v sufficient_o qualify_v to_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o management_n of_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o state_n but_o ambitious_a quintus_n allege_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v not_o yet_o of_o a_o age_n capable_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o therefore_o insist_v that_o the_o direction_n and_o management_n of_o affair_n may_v be_v commit_v to_o he_o till_o the_o young_a prince_n shall_v attain_v his_o full_a age_n but_o find_v that_o he_o be_v general_o oppose_v by_o all_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o court_n and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o attain_v his_o end_n he_o at_o last_o concur_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o young_a cham_n of_o tartary_n be_v crown_v and_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o government_n unanimous_o throw_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n which_o he_o manage_v with_o such_o judgement_n that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o ability_n and_o not_o only_o his_o desire_n but_o intention_n to_o do_v justice_n insomuch_o that_o when_o some_o dangerous_a counsel_n which_o his_o decease_a uncle_n have_v in_o his_o life-time_n give_v come_v to_o break_v out_o he_o cause_v his_o dead_a body_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o tomb_n and_o be_v most_o shameful_o misuse_v and_o the_o tomb_n to_o be_v break_v in_o piece_n nor_o end_v he_o there_o for_o those_o of_o his_o uncle_n relation_n who_o be_v privy_a and_o consent_n to_o the_o say_a counsel_n be_v likewise_o handle_v with_o extreme_a severity_n thus_o far_o have_v i_o spend_v in_o set_v forth_o particular_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o robber_n licungzus_n first_o overran_a china_n and_o after_o his_o expulsion_n how_o the_o tartar_n at_o last_o conquer_v the_o same_o now_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v that_o contemporary_a with_o licungzus_n be_v another_o thief_n call_v changlianchus_n the_o remain_a transaction_n of_o who_o villainy_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o in_o part_n make_v mention_n i_o shall_v now_o relate_v and_o indeed_o when_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v the_o cruelty_n commit_v by_o this_o monster_n in_o man_n shape_n i_o be_o as_o one_o deprive_v of_o his_o sense_n for_o his_o action_n be_v so_o dismal_a and_o horrid_a that_o whoever_o hear_v of_o they_o will_v be_v fill_v with_o stupefaction_n and_o amazement_n this_o robber_n changlianchus_n plunder_v and_o ruin_v several_a province_n put_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o unspeakable_a torture_n to_o make_v they_o confess_v where_o they_o have_v hide_v their_o wealth_n and_o good_n he_o be_v great_o delight_v to_o put_v out_o people_n eye_n and_o to_o see_v

into_o several_a kingdom_n empire_n province_n island_n and_o dominion_n and_o have_v ordain_v by_o his_o eternal_a wisdom_n that_o no_o one_o place_n shall_v be_v store_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o thing_n but_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v either_o necessary_a for_o the_o life_n or_o convenient_a for_o the_o ornament_n of_o mankind_n whether_o production_n of_o nature_n or_o invention_n of_o art_n shall_v be_v find_v partly_o in_o one_o country_n and_o partly_o in_o another_o divine_a providence_n so_o dispose_v it_o that_o the_o want_v of_o this_o land_n shall_v be_v supply_v by_o that_o and_o the_o defect_n of_o that_o retribute_v by_o another_o that_o so_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o commerce_n man_n may_v enjoy_v society_n and_o the_o common_a want_v of_o all_o nation_n may_v by_o receive_v mutual_a relief_n knit_v themselves_o together_o in_o the_o bond_n of_o friendship_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o move_v our_o natiön_n above_o all_o other_o whole_o to_o apply_v and_o devote_v it_o self_n to_o trade_n and_o commerce_n through_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v we_o come_v to_o alliance_n and_o friendship_n with_o king_n and_o ruler_n of_o most_o country_n neighbour_a on_o china_n whereby_o we_o come_v to_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o those_o triumphant_a victory_n and_o glorious_a conquest_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v give_v your_o majesty_n over_o the_o renown_a emperor_n of_o china_n by_o settle_v and_o establish_v your_o majesty_n in_o the_o throne_n thereof_o and_o by_o this_o we_o have_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o appear_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o your_o majesty_n to_o congratulate_v those_o glorious_a achievement_n and_o to_o wish_v a_o future_a happiness_n and_o prosperity_n thereunto_o and_o withal_o to_o desire_v your_o majesty_n admittance_n of_o our_o ship_n to_o enter_v with_o safety_n into_o the_o port_n of_o your_o dominion_n and_o to_o exercise_v a_o trade_n with_o your_o subject_n as_o we_o do_v with_o those_o of_o other_o country_n we_o hope_v that_o your_o majesty_n will_v grant_v we_o this_o favour_n see_v it_o be_v the_o decree_n of_o divine_a providence_n and_o a_o universal_a practice_n among_o all_o man_n whereby_o great_a profit_n shall_v accrue_v to_o your_o majesty_n subject_n and_o country_n and_o to_o the_o end_n your_o majesty_n may_v receive_v from_o we_o the_o great_a security_n and_o satisfaction_n about_o our_o proposal_n we_o have_v send_v two_o ancient_a and_o honest_a man_n peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n and_o jacob_n de_fw-fr keyser_n to_o attend_v your_o majesty_n person_n and_o pleasure_n to_o who_o we_o trust_v your_o majesty_n will_v give_v audience_n and_o a_o convenient_a dispatch_n and_o thus_o we_o pray_v almighty_a god_n to_o grant_v perfect_a health_n and_o to_o add_v many_o happy_a day_n to_o your_o majesty_n life_n from_o batavia_n july_n 20._o 1655._o governor_n general_n john_n maatzuyker_n this_o letter_n which_o by_o the_o emperor_n order_n be_v translate_v verbatim_o out_o of_o dutch_a into_o the_o chinese_n language_n come_v at_o first_o unseal_v and_o without_o any_o manner_n of_o glorious_a or_o majestic_a title_n as_o if_o he_o have_v write_v to_o one_o of_o his_o familiar_a friend_n and_o equal_n but_o the_o chineses_n in_o canton_n do_v so_o dress_v it_o up_o and_o adorn_v it_o that_o it_o appear_v with_o great_a reverence_n and_o humility_n for_o otherwise_o and_o different_a be_v the_o letter_n former_o write_v to_o the_o emperor_n be_v of_o china_n when_o we_o come_v hither_o by_o maximilian_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o ranutius_n fernelius_n duke_n of_o parma_n as_o well_o for_o the_o paper_n style_n and_o superscription_n as_o for_o the_o magnificent_a title_n and_o encomium_n which_o they_o give_v he_o but_o what_o comparison_n between_o these_o prince_n and_o a_o few_o merchant_n in_o java_n at_o length_n the_o world_n will_v be_v undeceive_v thus_o far_o father_n adam_n the_o present_v they_o bring_v they_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o be_v for_o the_o emperor_n the_o second_o for_o his_o mother_n the_o three_o for_o the_o empress_n these_o three_o have_v their_o superscription_n the_o four_o be_v a_o particular_a present_n for_o the_o two_o ambassador_n this_o division_n be_v subtle_o enough_o contrive_v to_o purchase_v the_o favour_n and_o to_o insinuate_v into_o the_o affection_n of_o all_o party_n but_o though_o the_o hollander_n be_v sufficient_o master_n of_o that_o art_n this_o be_v not_o their_o own_o contrivance_n but_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton_n who_o as_o they_o do_v not_o act_v the_o translator_n part_n to_o mend_v and_o patch_v the_o general_n of_o batavia_n letter_n but_o compose_v new_a one_o in_o stead_n thereof_o so_o they_o whole_o order_v and_o dispose_v the_o present_n suppose_v so_o to_o manage_v the_o whole_a business_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o denial_n nor_o have_v they_o miss_v their_o aim_n have_v they_o be_v catholic_n for_o than_o they_o have_v meet_v with_o no_o opposition_n that_o the_o method_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o disposure_n of_o the_o present_n be_v the_o chineses_n invention_n appear_v plain_a enough_o from_o this_o one_o argument_n when_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n have_v receive_v the_o present_n from_o the_o hollander_n he_o ask_v they_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o and_o such_o be_v for_o the_o queen_n see_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v thereof_o in_o their_o general_n be_v letter_n or_o memorial_n to_o which_o they_o return_v this_o ridiculous_a answer_n that_o after_o they_o set_v sail_n from_o their_o port_n and_o be_v far_o off_o at_o sea_n they_o find_v these_o thing_n in_o the_o ship_n which_o they_o know_v not_o of_o before_o a●d_v therefore_o they_o have_v dispose_v they_o for_o their_o majesty_n happy_a argonaut_n be_v these_o to_o find_v silk_n and_o purple_n weave_v in_o their_o ship_n without_o their_o own_o labour_n coral_n and_o amber_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o precious_a thing_n without_o their_o knowledge_n let_v no_o man_n think_v their_o answer_n false_a or_o equivocal_a because_o haply_o they_o find_v they_o in_o the_o ship_n of_o some_o portuguese_n merchant_n or_o other_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o voyage_n for_o this_o they_o ordinary_o do_v without_o any_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n or_o terror_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o a_o nation_n so_o remote_a which_o be_v in_o no_o case_n dependent_a upon_o and_o never_o hear_v of_o before_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n come_v now_o with_o the_o specious_a pretence_n of_o be_v tributary_n their_o hand_n full_a of_o present_n which_o though_o they_o have_v be_v of_o ordinary_a quality_n and_o thing_n common_a in_o china_n yet_o may_v have_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o whereby_o they_o endeavour_v to_o conquer_v the_o emperor_n by_o the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n corrupt_v the_o mandorin_n and_o above_o all_o make_v sure_a of_o that_o chief_a of_o the_o coli_n son-in-law_n as_o i_o have_v say_v to_o the_o elder_a viceroy_n of_o canton_n and_o bribe_v the_o tartar_n precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o hospitality_n which_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o fasten_v on_o so_o sordid_a and_o covetous_a a_o wretch_n i_o say_v no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o all_o this_o do_v promise_n to_o the_o hollander_n a_o very_a prevail_a success_n to_o their_o negotiation_n but_o the_o heart_n of_o king_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o though_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o gift_n will_v do_v much_o yet_o much_o more_o the_o devout_a prayer_n of_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n who_o have_v be_v please_v to_o fortify_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o chinese_n mandorin_n to_o weaken_v and_o unbend_v those_o of_o the_o tartar_n and_o so_o to_o fix_v the_o heart_n of_o a_o young_a emperor_n that_o he_o shall_v deny_v the_o hollander_n the_o commerce_n they_o seek_v and_o with_o a_o remarkable_a ingenuity_n affability_n and_o prudence_n make_v they_o promise_v their_o return_n hither_o once_o every_o eight_o year_n to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n three_o thing_n there_o be_v whereof_o the_o hollander_n have_v no_o scarcity_n which_o have_v they_o bring_v will_v have_v be_v powerful_a advocate_n for_o they_o the_o first_o be_v a_o harpsichord_n with_o a_o skilful_a player_n on_o it_o the_o second_o a_o trumpeter_z the_o three_o some_o engineer_n and_o officer_n to_o train_n up_o and_o exercise_v soldier_n these_o thing_n the_o emperor_n do_v much_o long_a for_o but_o our_o god_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o bring_v they_o that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o like_a may_v be_v bring_v by_o our_o friend_n which_o may_v redound_v very_o much_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o catholic_n religion_n last_o may_v your_o lordship_n consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o peculiar_a grace_n of_o god_n to_o blind_v the_o eye_n of_o these_o hollander_n with_o

this_o follow_a decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v publish_a the_o ultimate_a decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o holland_n health_n and_o peace_n which_o out_o of_o its_o cordial_a love_n to_o justice_n have_v subject_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o send_v ambassador_n through_o the_o wide_a sea_n to_o pay_v we_o tribute_n we_o nevertheless_o weigh_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o length_n of_o the_o voyage_n with_o the_o danger_n incident_a thereunto_o do_v hearty_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o come_v once_o every_o eight_o year_n to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n unto_o this_o court_n and_o this_o we_o do_v to_o make_v know_v to_o the_o universe_n our_o affection_n to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n we_o give_v our_o royal_a consent_n and_o approbation_n to_o the_o remonstrance_n of_o our_o court_n of_o request_n thus_o you_o see_v neither_o the_o court_n nor_o emperor_n have_v grant_v they_o commerce_n in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v deny_v there_o be_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o will_v return_v to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n only_o whence_o they_o shall_v reap_v neither_o honour_n nor_o profit_n but_o contrary_o damage_n and_o disgrace_n for_o although_o the_o emperor_n shall_v have_v return_v they_o gift_n of_o equal_a value_n to_o their_o present_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n yet_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o two_o for_o the_o space_n almost_o of_o two_o year_n will_v be_v burdensome_a and_o ridiculous_a which_o however_o allow_v the_o denial_n of_o commerce_n to_o they_o if_o the_o emperor_n have_v grant_v they_o their_o return_n every_o year_n they_o may_v well_o have_v make_v up_o by_o a_o private_a trade_n especial_o be_v so_o much_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n and_o the_o tartar_n thereabouts_o who_o will_v engross_v the_o profit_n thereof_o therefore_o do_v god_n stir_v up_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o chinese_n mandorin_n unanimous_o to_o oppose_v and_o contradict_v it_o and_o at_o length_n when_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n have_v grant_v their_o return_n every_o five_o year_n the_o emperor_n by_o special_a divine_a providence_n have_v augment_v it_o to_o the_o eight_o year_n and_o before_o that_o revolution_n come_v either_o the_o emperor_n the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n or_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o favourer_n will_v be_v dead_a or_o the_o hollander_n will_v be_v destroy_v or_o the_o time_n will_v be_v change_v and_o other_o government_n will_v succeed_v but_o if_o all_o these_o fail_n and_o the_o hollander_n will_v be_v so_o abject_a to_o return_v at_o the_o eight_o year_n end_n yet_o the_o lord_n will_v minister_v some_o mean_n to_o we_o for_o the_o ruine_v their_o design_n albeit_o there_o be_v little_a probability_n of_o their_o return_n since_o they_o depart_v so_o high_o discontent_v as_o they_o do_v as_o well_o by_o the_o strict_a watch_n that_o be_v set_v over_o they_o as_o for_o that_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o the_o emperor_n presence_n as_o father_n balion_n have_v acquaint_v i_o in_o a_o epistle_n which_o he_o write_v to_o i_o by_o a_o post_n after_o my_o departure_n to_o nank_v wherein_o he_o thus_o write_v the_o hollander_n may_v not_o come_v into_o the_o king_n presence_n nor_o the_o muscovite_n because_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o those_o ceremony_n of_o reverence_n accustom_a in_o this_o palace_n they_o be_v novice_n and_o ignorant_a in_o affair_n and_o obstinate_a in_o refuse_v to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n god_n will_v at_o length_n discover_v his_o mercy_n to_o the_o catholic_n portuguese_n here_o the_o court_n of_o request_n exhibit_v a_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o emperor_n to_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o return_v every_o five_o year_n but_o not_o any_o liberty_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v alter_v the_o five_o to_o the_o eight_o year_n which_o be_v equivalent_a with_o a_o forbid_v they_o ever_o to_o return_v again_o the_o day_n before_o publish_v the_o emperor_n decree_n whereof_o i_o here_o send_v your_o fatherhood_n a_o copy_n father_n adam_n tell_v i_o he_o have_v speak_v with_o the_o emperor_n thus_o far_o father_n balion_n your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v how_o much_o our_o god_n do_v favour_n and_o assist_v true_a catholic_n christian_n for_o the_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n be_v high_o offend_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o account_v they_o barbarian_n for_o refuse_v the_o ceremony_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o hollander_n with_o the_o muscovite_n be_v equal_o distaste_v because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o emperor_n presence_n without_o they_o and_o very_o just_a be_v it_o that_o heretic_n and_o schismatic_n shall_v depart_v with_o hatred_n and_o disgust_n that_o by_o their_o ill_a example_n they_o may_v not_o give_v scandal_n to_o the_o new_a christianity_n here_o plant_v nor_o cause_v the_o religion_n of_o europe_n to_o be_v ill_o speak_v of_o wherefore_o the_o most_o noble_a captain_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o holy_a city_n be_v your_o lordship_n of_o good_a courage_n and_o hope_v strong_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n that_o as_o he_o have_v suffer_v his_o city_n most_o faithful_a to_o his_o divine_a majesty_n of_o late_a year_n to_o undergo_v so_o many_o tribulation_n he_o have_v do_v it_o for_o direction_n only_o not_o for_o destruction_n do_v gold_n melt_v in_o the_o furnace_n come_v out_o waste_v and_o consume_v no_o but_o more_o pure_a bright_a and_o precious_a can_v god_n forget_v the_o piety_n of_o such_o a_o city_n which_o maintain_v so_o many_o religious_a of_o all_o sort_n and_o where_o so_o many_o mass_n and_o oblation_n be_v daily_o offer_v where_o be_v the_o refuge_n and_o sanctuary_n of_o religion_n but_o in_o this_o city_n which_o be_v glorious_o call_v the_o name_n of_o god_n can_v god_n forget_v his_o promise_n he_o have_v promise_v tribulation_n and_o a_o hundred-fold_n for_o the_o suffering_n of_o his_o saint_n and_o a_o hundred_o he_o will_v pay_v finis_fw-la a_o appendix_n or_o special_a remark_n take_v at_o large_a out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n i._n chap._n i._n the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o this_o work_n it_o be_v now_o about_o thirty_o year_n since_o i_o produce_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o certain_a syro-chinesian_a monument_n find_v in_o china_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o which_o although_o it_o gain_v no_o small_a applause_n among_o the_o reader_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a apprehension_n who_o be_v take_v with_o the_o novelty_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o want_v some_o incompetent_a censurer_n or_o critic_n who_o cease_v not_o to_o wound_v its_o reputation_n by_o snarl_v and_o trifle_a objection_n stab_v it_o with_o critical_a steletto_n albeit_o they_o prove_v in_o the_o sequel_n leaden_a and_o blunt_a viz._n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o monument_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n in_o nature_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a forgery_n this_o they_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a not_o only_o to_o persuade_v themselves_o to_o believe_v but_o also_o to_o raise_v a_o like_a credulity_n in_o other_o these_o and_o the_o like_a person_n be_v deserve_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v for_o such_o who_o reject_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a faith_n approve_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v see_v themselves_o account_v nothing_o to_o be_v believe_v but_o what_o their_o own_o brain_n have_v dictate_v to_o they_o these_o be_v they_o that_o like_v troublesome_a flesh-flies_a fly_v at_o any_o obvious_a fatness_n soil_n that_o which_o be_v sincere_a and_o untainted_a and_o desist_v not_o to_o bespot_n that_o which_o be_v pure_a with_o a_o defile_v and_o thrasonick_a blast_n among_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a modern_a writer_n who_o blush_v not_o with_o all_o his_o may_v and_o indeed_o with_o a_o insolent_a scoff_n to_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o monument_n sometime_o assert_v it_o to_o be_v introduce_v by_o a_o jesuitical_a cheat_n and_o other_o while_n aver_v that_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a and_o plain_a forgery_n of_o the_o jesuit_n feign_v both_o to_o deceive_v the_o chinese_n and_o also_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o their_o treasure_n i_o shall_v conceal_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n partly_o out_o of_o a_o tenderness_n to_o christian_a charity_n and_o partly_o because_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o prudent_a and_o know_a man_n he_o seem_v unworthy_a of_o any_o answer_n see_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o monument_n be_v establish_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a author_n by_o so_o many_o book_n concern_v this_o method_n divulge_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o chinesian_a colais_n themselves_o leo_n and_o paul_n person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o instruct_v in_o the_o

be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o gentile_n even_o unto_o the_o year_n 1256._o in_o which_o the_o great_a cham_n emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o incursion_n into_o china_n or_o cathay_n with_o a_o irresistible_a army_n in_o a_o short_a space_n as_o i_o have_v relate_v before_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n unto_o his_o dominion_n who_o as_o he_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n so_o also_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o christian_n as_o paulus_n venetus_n and_o haython_n relate_v enter_v with_o he_o propagate_v themselves_o in_o a_o great_a number_n who_o at_o length_n when_o again_o the_o native_n recover_v the_o whole_a empire_n and_o expel_v the_o tartar_n the_o christian_n also_o whether_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o persecution_n or_o out_o of_o hope_n of_o live_v better_a among_o the_o tartar_n leave_v china_n and_o follow_v they_o and_o those_o that_o remain_v behind_o retain_v only_o some_o external_a ceremony_n and_o these_o be_v those_o christian_n who_o the_o chineses_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o adorer_n of_o the_o cross_n relate_v to_o have_v live_v in_o china_n concern_v which_o see_v what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o therefore_o china_n be_v again_o accustom_a unto_o its_o country_n worship_n of_o idol_n so_o continue_v unto_o the_o year_n 1542._o in_o which_o a_o new_a light_n of_o truth_n shine_v forth_o unto_o it_o for_o after_o that_o st._n francis_n xavier_n a_o apostle_n elect_v by_o god_n for_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o indian_n have_v sow_v the_o seed_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n through_o all_o the_o unknown_a part_n of_o the_o world_n with_o a_o great_a and_o incredible_a gain_n of_o soul_n and_o have_v gain_v japan_n a_o island_n hardly_o note_v to_o the_o world_n unto_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n at_o length_n he_o apply_v his_o mind_n inflame_v with_o a_o thirst_n of_o obtain_v soul_n unto_o christ_n to_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o chinese_n use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n that_o he_o may_v become_v master_n of_o his_o desire_n but_o it_o seem_v otherwise_o fit_a to_o the_o divine_a disposal_n of_o the_o heavenly_a majesty_n for_o expect_v a_o opportunity_n of_o enter_v china_n in_o santian_n a_o isle_n adjoin_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n he_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fever_n where_o be_v replenish_v with_o merit_n and_o now_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o reward_n of_o eternal_a blessedness_n for_o those_o his_o signal_n labour_n perform_v he_o render_v his_o spirit_n unto_o his_o creator_n and_o take_v his_o flight_n unto_o heaven_n and_o what_o he_o can_v not_o perform_v of_o himself_o that_o he_o obtain_v with_o god_n by_o his_o intercession_n that_o his_o successor_n in_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n may_v accomplish_v after_o the_o follow_a manner_n alexander_n valignanus_n of_o our_o society_n who_o anno_fw-la 1582._o conduct_v the_o three_o vice-roys_n of_o japan_n who_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n to_o render_v obedience_n to_o pope_n gregory_n the_o thirteen_o he_o i_o say_v have_v come_v out_o of_o europe_n as_o appoint_v visitor_n by_o the_o vicar-general_n of_o all_o the_o indies_n and_o now_o have_v pass_v over_o that_o part_n of_o india_n that_o be_v on_o this_o side_n of_o ganges_n he_o set_v sail_n to_o view_v that_o which_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o ganges_n and_o at_o length_n arrive_v in_o the_o port_n of_o amaca_n he_o determine_v with_o himself_o to_o pass_v over_o into_o japonia_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o law_n of_o navigation_n he_o continue_v full_o ten_o month_n in_o our_o station_n of_o amaca_n where_o be_v whole_o inform_v of_o the_o chinesian_a affair_n he_o resolve_v with_o great_a ardency_n to_o prosecute_v the_o voyage_n or_o expedition_n begin_v by_o his_o predecessor_n that_o hitherto_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o embers_o for_o from_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o nobleness_n of_o the_o nation_n their_o great_a peace_n now_o enjoy_v for_o so_o many_o year_n the_o prudence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n as_o also_o the_o political_a mode_n of_o government_n unto_o which_o none_o be_v admit_v but_o only_o such_o person_n as_o be_v accomplish_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o literature_n from_o these_o consideration_n i_o say_v he_o most_o rational_o conclude_v that_o the_o chineses_n be_v a_o nation_n subtle_a and_o addict_v unto_o the_o study_n of_o good_a art_n may_v so_o far_o at_o length_n be_v wrought_v upon_o as_o to_o admit_v of_o or_o tolerate_v certain_a person_n excel_v in_o virtue_n and_o learning_n to_o abide_v or_o inhabit_v in_o their_o empire_n and_o especial_o such_o as_o be_v not_o unskilful_a in_o their_o country_n language_n and_o learning_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o time_n it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o rule_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o most_o holy_a christian_a law_n may_v have_v a_o propitious_a influence_n on_o this_o nation_n see_v they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o political_a or_o civil_a administration_n of_o the_o republic_n or_o empire_n that_o they_o will_v rather_o high_o promote_v the_o same_o whence_o china_n abominate_v their_o heathenish_a vanity_n may_v conceive_v a_o hope_n or_o desire_v of_o the_o heavenly_a good_a thing_n and_o have_v a_o eye_n unto_o eternity_n therefore_o on_o that_o very_a account_n he_o command_v without_o any_o delay_n some_o person_n send_v for_o out_o of_o india_n to_o employ_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n for_o the_o attain_n of_o the_o chinesian_a language_n and_o learning_n they_o be_v two_o italian_n one_o father_n michael_n rogerius_n and_o the_o other_o father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la which_o when_o they_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n attain_v with_o very_o great_a industry_n they_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o canton_n with_o hope_n to_o get_v some_o habitation_n in_o it_o but_o be_v often_o frustrate_v in_o their_o intention_n they_o return_v to_o amaca_n it_o can_v hardly_o be_v express_v how_o many_o and_o various_a adventure_n or_o casualty_n interpose_v which_o render_v the_o business_n of_o the_o undertake_a voyage_n if_o not_o desperate_a yet_o at_o least_o very_a much_o eclipse_v and_o fade_a all_o which_o in_o the_o end_n be_v overcome_v the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o wish_a conclusion_n by_o father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la unto_o who_o by_o the_o prosperous_a lot_n of_o our_o father_n the_o first_o way_n be_v open_v into_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o to_o he_o also_o the_o bless_a success_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n ought_v deserve_o to_o be_v ascribe_v this_o person_n have_v be_v former_o the_o scholar_n of_o father_n christopher_n clavius_n one_o very_a well_o skilled_a in_o the_o mathematical_a science_n he_o be_v associate_v unto_o father_n rogerius_n and_o be_v store_v with_o abundance_n of_o curious_a thing_n together_o with_o a_o formal_a embassy_n from_o the_o portuguese_n to_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton_n make_v his_o entrance_n into_o china_n and_o so_o bewitch_v the_o fancy_n of_o the_o governor_n with_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o present_n that_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o that_o he_o avouch_v that_o nei●●_n he_o himself_o nor_o all_o china_n ever_o behold_v the_o like_a and_o he_o also_o not_o only_o retain_v these_o father_n with_o he_o as_o person_n drop_v from_o heaven_n but_o likewise_o show_v they_o all_o the_o respect_n and_o civility_n that_o possible_o he_o can_v the_o fame_n of_o such_o great_a matter_n be_v noise_v abroad_o possess_v the_o mind_n not_o only_o of_o many_o learned_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o canton_n but_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o when_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o behold_v in_o presence_n or_o carry_v those_o admirable_a thing_n with_o they_o that_o be_v so_o report_v of_o they_o call_v they_o unto_o they_o every_o where_o by_o letter_n date_v out_o of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n to_o come_v and_o behold_v they_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v common_a in_o europe_n be_v esteem_v as_o miracle_n in_o china_n be_v there_o as_o yet_o both_o unseen_a and_o unheard_a of_o now_o there_o be_v among_o the_o rest_n a_o clock_n both_o exact_a and_o curious_o frame_v show_v beside_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n and_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n there_o be_v also_o a_o trigonal_a glass_n which_o some_o thought_n to_o be_v a_o inestimable_a jewel_n and_o other_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n moreover_o geographical_a map_n which_o express_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o the_o great_a amazement_n and_o admiration_n of_o all_o chinese_n for_o as_o the_o chineses_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o without_o the_o vast_a empire_n of_o china_n so_o they_o can_v not_o apprehend_v that_o

the_o fortress_n of_o the_o wall_n do_v not_o only_o reduce_v pequin_n but_o like_o a_o inundation_n in_o little_a space_n subject_v all_o china_n unto_o their_o empire_n vumly_n himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v desert_v by_o all_o and_o force_v to_o great_a exigence_n when_o no_o place_n of_o safeguard_v be_v grant_v unto_o he_o by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n of_o china_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o behold_v so_o great_a a_o confluence_n of_o imminent_a calamity_n have_v first_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n slay_v both_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o daughter_n at_o length_n heighten_v unto_o despair_n miserable_o conclude_v his_o life_n by_o the_o halter_n concern_v which_o occurrence_n he_o that_o desire_v far_a to_o understand_v the_o catastrophe_n of_o humane_a concernment_n may_v have_v recourse_n unto_o father_n martinius_n in_o his_o tractate_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o may_v learn_v not_o to_o be_v any_o far_a inquisitive_n after_o the_o height_n of_o a_o unhappy_a monarch_n in_o such_o sort_n exalt_v which_o lie_v subject_a and_o expose_v unto_o so_o horrible_a precipice_n and_o so_o great_a ruin_n in_o the_o so_o great_a disturbance_n of_o affair_n and_o confusion_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o christian_n place_v between_o hope_n and_o fear_n with_o careful_a mind_n expect_v the_o inclination_n of_o the_o new_a emperor_n unto_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o at_o length_n they_o find_v it_o more_o propitious_a unto_o they_o than_o ever_o they_o can_v have_v wish_v or_o desire_v in_o the_o manner_n that_o follow_v there_o have_v now_o be_v reside_v in_o china_n for_o many_o year_n father_n john_n adam_n schall_n native_a of_o the_o city_n of_o colonia_n in_o germany_n who_o as_o he_o be_v inferior_a to_o none_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o knowledge_n in_o the_o mathematics_n and_o other_o science_n in_o which_o he_o excel_v or_o his_o excellent_a skill_n in_o the_o chinesian_a tongue_n or_o last_o his_o prudence_n in_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n acquire_v by_o long_a experience_n so_o be_v he_o much_o fame_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n concern_v who_o when_o the_o new_a emperor_n have_v be_v inform_v many_o worthy_a thing_n as_o in_o reference_n to_o a_o stranger_n he_o be_v very_o much_o joy_v with_o this_o information_n that_o he_o have_v find_v a_o stranger_n which_o for_o a_o long_a space_n he_o have_v desire_v so_o much_o know_v in_o all_o the_o affair_n of_o china_n unto_o who_o he_o may_v safe_o and_o secure_o entrust_v the_o close_a secret_n of_o all_o his_o council_n and_o who_o he_o discover_v happy_o to_o have_v conjoin_v the_o chinesian_a art_n unto_o a_o european_a wit_n or_o capacity_n therefore_o have_v call_v he_o to_o court_n he_o receive_v he_o with_o great_a testimony_n of_o friendship_n and_o observe_v the_o gravity_n of_o his_o deportment_n his_o candour_n of_o life_n prudence_n and_o excellent_a widow_n at_o sudden_a repartee_n he_o be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o his_o conversation_n that_o he_o immediate_o create_v he_o one_o of_o his_o intimate_a councillor_n a_o mandorin_n of_o the_o prime_a rank_n and_o assign_v unto_o he_o the_o high_a place_n in_o the_o astronomical_a tribanal_n of_o the_o calendar_n and_o command_v all_o throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o obey_v his_o astronomical_a determination_n he_o especial_o wonder_v at_o his_o infallible_a prediction_n of_o eclipse_n in_o which_o the_o other_o do_v so_o much_o err_v perform_v by_o his_o accurate_a calculation_n he_o admire_v also_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o mechanic_n art_n especial_o in_o cast_v of_o great_a ordnance_n the_o emperor_n be_v take_v with_o these_o thing_n love_v and_o honour_v he_o as_o a_o father_n look_v upon_o he_o as_o more_o than_o man_n as_o have_v something_o of_o divinity_n about_o he_o and_o when_o any_o address_n be_v scarce_o admit_v unto_o so_o sublime_a a_o majesty_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o empress_n and_o eunuch_n he_o obtain_v without_o any_o prohibition_n a_o favour_n grant_v to_o no_o other_o a_o privilege_n of_o come_v into_o the_o emperor_n presence_n whether_o at_o home_n or_o abroad_o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v esteem_v as_o his_o maffa_n for_o so_o the_o emperor_n call_v he_o that_o be_v to_o say_v venerable_a father_n a_o privilege_n never_o read_v of_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o chinese_n four_o time_n in_o a_o year_n the_o emperor_n vouchsafe_v to_o visit_v the_o house_n and_o church_n of_o our_o society_n go_v into_o all_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n he_o be_v please_v to_o converse_v with_o the_o maffa_n private_o in_o the_o lodging-room_n refuse_v all_o ceremony_n of_o state_n befit_v so_o great_a a_o monarch_n sometime_o sit_v upon_o the_o bed_n palate_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o old_a decrepit_a chair_n condescend_v to_o view_v some_o of_o our_o rarity_n not_o refuse_v to_o smell_v flower_n which_o he_o present_v he_o from_o his_o own_o garden_n and_o never_o seem_v more_o pleasant_o to_o recreate_v himself_o than_o in_o the_o house_n of_o the_o poor_a priest_n and_o in_o the_o church_n he_o wonder_v at_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o altar_n and_o the_o elegancy_n of_o the_o european_a image_n cursory_o inquire_v concern_v the_o book_n their_o character_n and_o image_n with_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o which_o when_o explain_v unto_o he_o he_o worship_v especial_o the_o fignre_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o bless_a virgin_n and_o assert_v that_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v the_o best_a and_o excel_v all_o other_o that_o his_o ancestor_n have_v former_o be_v of_o the_o same_o persuasion_n and_o that_o he_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o esteem_v of_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o word_n only_o he_o resolve_v to_o do_v something_o in_o honour_n thereof_o for_o on_o a_o great_a marble_n stone_n erect_v before_o the_o door_n of_o our_o church_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v engrave_v in_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n character_n his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n for_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n by_o a_o regal_a edict_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v to_o be_v see_v print_v on_o a_o china_n sheet_n of_o paper_n in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o roman_a college_n and_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o heavenly_a science_n of_o astronomy_n which_o our_o progenitor_n so_o high_o esteem_v of_o as_o we_o also_o do_v who_o trace_n their_o footstep_n deserve_v to_o be_v extol_v to_o the_o sky_n especial_o after_o the_o same_o formerly_z under_z divers_z emperor_n be_v almost_o whole_o collapse_v be_v restore_v and_o especial_o have_v be_v render_v more_o exact_a by_o co_n zeu_fw-fr kim_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o juen_v emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o former_o rule_v the_o chinese_n four_o hundred_o year_n and_o last_o be_v become_v very_o erroneous_a in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o former_a emperor_n mim_n there_o be_v find_v john_n adam_n schall_n come_v from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o west_n into_o china_n who_o understand_v not_o only_o the_o art_n of_o calculation_n but_o also_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o whatsoever_o do_v belong_v unto_o astronomy_n he_o be_v bring_v unto_o the_o emperor_n our_o antecessor_n by_o his_o command_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o care_n of_o restore_v the_o mathematics_n and_o astronomy_n in_o the_o university_n but_o because_o that_o many_o apprehend_v not_o the_o fruit_n that_o will_v redound_v unto_o the_o commonwealth_n from_o this_o science_n he_o can_v not_o then_o conclude_v that_o his_o subject_n shall_v employ_v themselves_o in_o that_o science_n but_o now_o i_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o empire_n make_v the_o order_n of_o time_n my_o first_o care_n as_o conduce_v to_o the_o profit_n and_o advantage_n of_o my_o empire_n for_o in_o the_o autumn_n of_o the_o first_o year_n of_o my_o rule_n demand_v a_o experiment_n in_o that_o art_n which_o john_n adam_n have_v restore_v i_o command_v he_o to_o observe_v the_o ecliyse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o he_o have_v most_o diligent_o calculate_v long_o before_o and_o have_v find_v both_o the_o moment_n of_o time_n and_o also_o the_o point_n of_o the_o eclipse_n most_o exact_o to_o correspond_v in_o all_o circumstance_n with_o his_o calculation_n and_o also_o in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n when_o there_o be_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n command_v he_o with_o the_o same_o diligence_n to_o observe_v it_o i_o also_o find_v this_o not_o to_o err_v or_o differ_v a_o hair_n breadth_n wherefore_o i_o present_o discern_v that_o heaven_n send_v this_o person_n unto_o we_o at_o such_o a_o time_n in_o which_o i_o undertake_v the_o regiment_n of_o so_o great_a a_o empire_n whence_o i_o commit_v unto_o he_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o mathematical_a tribunal_n but_o because_o john_n adam_n be_v chaste_a from_o his_o youth_n and_o