likewise_o for_o the_o adoration_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n s._n chrysostom_n say_v 955._o that_o the_o arian_n and_o macedonian_n make_v one_o great_a god_n and_o another_o less_o and_o create_v god_n do_v bring_v in_o gentilism_n again_o for_o it_o be_v that_o which_o teach_v man_n to_o worship_v a_o creature_n and_o to_o make_v one_o great_a god_n and_o other_o inferior_a such_o as_o these_o s._n paul_n condemn_v for_o give_v worship_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o they_o be_v accurse_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n which_o say_v curse_v be_v every_o one_o who_o worship_v a_o creature_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v s._n ambrose_n go_v far_a and_o say_v 2._o s._n paul_n foresee_v that_o christian_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o creature_n and_o therefore_o not_o only_o condemn_v the_o gentile_n but_o warn_v the_o christian_n by_o say_v that_o god_n will_v damn_v those_o who_o worship_n the_o creature_n rather_o than_o the_o creator_n either_o therefore_o let_v the_o arian_n cease_v to_o worship_v he_o who_o they_o call_v a_o creature_n 8._o or_o cease_v to_o call_v he_o a_o creature_n who_o they_o worship_v lest_o under_o the_o name_n of_o worshipper_n they_o be_v find_v to_o commit_v the_o great_a sacrilege_n s._n augustin_n say_v 1._o that_o the_o arian_n by_o give_v worship_n to_o christ_n as_o god_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v a_o creature_n do_v make_v more_o god_n than_o one_o and_o break_v the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o do_v forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o more_o than_o one_o god_n and_o set_v up_o idol_n to_o themselves_o 66._o although_o they_o acknowledge_v one_o great_a god_n and_o make_v the_o son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n lesser_a and_o inferior_a go_n from_o this_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o father_n in_o charge_v the_o arrian_n with_o idolatry_n it_o most_o evident_o follow_v that_o according_a to_o they_o idolatry_n be_v consistent_a with_o the_o belief_n and_o worship_n of_o one_o supreme_a god_n which_o be_v not_o the_o only_a considerable_a advantage_n we_o gain_v by_o those_o testimony_n but_o from_o they_o it_o likewise_o appear_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v idolatry_n to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o creature_n how_o great_a soever_o the_o excellency_n of_o that_o creature_n be_v for_o none_o can_v be_v imagine_v great_a than_o those_o which_o the_o arian_n attribute_v to_o the_o son_n of_o god_n 2._o that_o the_o father_n look_v on_o the_o worship_n of_o dulia_n as_o divine_a worship_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o apply_v that_o term_n to_o the_o worship_n which_o be_v give_v to_o christ._n 3._o that_o the_o name_n of_o a_o idol_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o most_o real_a and_o excellènt_a be_v when_o divine_a worship_n be_v give_v to_o it_o for_o they_o give_v this_o name_n to_o christ_n himself_o when_o he_o be_v worship_v as_o a_o creature_n 4._o that_o relative_a latria_n be_v idolatry_n when_o give_v to_o any_o creature_n for_o this_o be_v all_o the_o arian_n subterfuge_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v idolatry_n to_o worship_n christ_n as_o a_o creature_n because_o they_o worship_v he_o only_o as_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o relative_o terminate_a their_o worship_n on_o god_n the_o father_n through_o he_o notwithstanding_o which_o answer_n of_o they_o the_o father_n with_o one_o consent_n declare_v such_o worship_n to_o be_v idolatry_n and_o that_o it_o will_v make_v way_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o any_o creature_n and_o be_v the_o introduce_v of_o heathen_a idolatry_n under_o a_o pretence_n of_o christianity_n these_o thing_n which_o be_v here_o only_o observe_v in_o passage_n will_v be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a worship_n 1._o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o enquiry_n wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o divine_a worship_n lie_v which_o be_v give_v to_o a_o creature_n make_v that_o worship_n idolatry_n and_o that_o i_o may_v proceed_v with_o all_o possible_a clearness_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v inquire_v 1._o what_o worship_n be_v 2._o what_o divine_a worship_n be_v and_o what_o be_v the_o proper_a act_n of_o it_o 3._o how_o the_o apply_v of_o these_o act_n to_o a_o creature_n do_v make_v the_o worship_n of_o it_o idolatry_n what_o worship_n be_v aquinas_n have_v give_v this_o distinction_n between_o honour_n and_o worship_n 2._o that_o honour_n be_v quaedam_fw-la recognitio_fw-la excellentiae_fw-la alicujus_fw-la a_o acknowledgement_n of_o another_o excellency_n but_o cultus_fw-la or_o worship_n in_o quodam_fw-la obsequio_fw-la consistit_fw-la imply_v subjection_n to_o another_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o distinction_n do_v not_o lie_v so_o much_o in_o the_o force_n and_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o in_o the_o different_a effect_n that_o excellency_n alone_o consider_v have_v upon_o our_o mind_n from_o what_o it_o have_v when_o it_o be_v join_v with_o superiority_n and_o a_o power_n over_o we_o mere_a excellency_n do_v produce_v only_o in_o our_o mind_n a_o due_a esteem_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o degree_n of_o it_o which_o be_v a_o debitum_fw-la morale_fw-la as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v from_o we_o towards_o it_o i._n e._n something_o which_o according_a to_o nature_n and_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o give_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o natural_a justice_n to_o esteem_v whatever_o excellency_n we_o apprehend_v to_o be_v in_o other_o although_o we_o receive_v no_o benefit_n by_o they_o ourselves_o and_o whatever_o imply_v a_o real_a excellency_n whether_o it_o be_v intellectual_a or_o moral_a whether_o infinite_a or_o finite_a whether_o natural_a or_o acquire_v it_o deserve_v a_o estimation_n suitable_a to_o its_o kind_n and_o degree_n but_o the_o honour_n which_o be_v due_a to_o excellency_n do_v not_o only_o lie_v in_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o in_o a_o correspondent_a inclination_n of_o the_o will_v to_o testify_v that_o esteem_n by_o such_o outward_a expression_n as_o may_v manifest_v it_o to_o other_o and_o that_o either_o by_o word_n which_o be_v call_v praise_n or_o by_o gesture_n as_o bowing_n of_o the_o body_n or_o by_o fact_n as_o gift_n statue_n etc._n etc._n all_o these_o aquinas_n tell_v we_o do_v belong_v to_o honour_v 1._o but_o worship_n imply_v something_o beyond_o this_o which_o be_v subjection_n to_o anotheron_o the_o account_n of_o his_o power_n over_o we_o for_o we_o may_v express_v honour_n and_o esteem_v towards_o equal_n or_o inferior_n because_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o may_v be_v in_o those_o as_o well_o as_o other_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o different_a duty_n in_o we_o with_o respect_n to_o superiority_n and_o this_o be_v worship_n so_o the_o schoolman_n define_v adoration_n adorare_fw-la non_fw-la dicimur_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o dignitate_fw-la constitutos_fw-la quos_fw-la nobis_fw-la superiores_fw-la cognoscimus_fw-la say_v vasquez_n 1._o honour_n potest_fw-la esse_fw-la ad_fw-la aequalem_fw-la say_v suarez_n 1._o juxta_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la rom._n 12._o honore_fw-la inuicem_fw-la praevenientes_fw-la adoratio_fw-la vero_fw-la respicit_fw-la alium_fw-la ut_fw-la excellentem_fw-la &_o superiorem_fw-la exit_fw-la parte_fw-la adorantis_fw-la plane_n necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la say_v tannerus_n 27._o ut_fw-la be_v rem_fw-la adorandam_fw-la concipiat_fw-la tanquam_fw-la aliquo_fw-la modo_fw-la se_fw-la superiorem_fw-la seu_fw-la praestantiorem_fw-la but_o more_o full_o bernardus_n pujol_n 1._o adoratio_fw-la est_fw-la submissio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la humiliatio_fw-la quam_fw-la subditus_fw-la facit_fw-la propter_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la superioris_fw-la &_o in_o honorem_fw-la illius_fw-la and_o gamachaeus_n adorat_fw-la adoratio_fw-la essentialiter_fw-la includit_fw-la subjectionem_fw-la ac_fw-la submissionem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la adoratio_fw-la est_fw-la inferioris_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la say_v ysambertus_n 25._o cardinal_n lugo_n go_v far_o 2._o say_v of_o cultus_fw-la se_fw-la apud_fw-la probatos_fw-la auctores_fw-la videre_fw-la semper_fw-la eam_fw-la vocem_fw-la applicari_fw-la ad_fw-la significandam_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la erga_fw-la superiores_fw-la and_o although_o arriaga_n think_v cultus_fw-la of_o a_o large_a signification_n 1._o yet_o the_o definition_n he_o give_v of_o adoration_n be_v that_o it_o be_v honour_n exhibitus_fw-la superiori_fw-la in_o signum_fw-la submissionis_fw-la &_o humiliationis_fw-la bellarmine_n make_v the_o first_o act_n of_o adoration_n to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o that_o only_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o object_n but_o the_o second_o in_o the_o will_n to_o be_v not_o only_o a_o inclination_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o object_n but_o a_o willing_a by_o some_o internal_a or_o external_a act_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o object_n and_o our_o subjection_n and_o to_o these_o he_o add_v the_o external_a act_n either_o of_o bow_v the_o head_n or_o bend_v the_o knee_n or_o some_o other_o token_n of_o subjection_n so_o that_o bellarmine_n agree_v with_o the_o rest_n in_o make_v the_o formal_a act_n of_o adoration_n to_o be_v
and_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o image_n do_v show_v that_o they_o do_v apprehend_v something_o more_o than_o mere_a sign_n in_o they_o whatever_o they_o pretend_v i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v picture_n abroad_o in_o s._n augustins_n time_n 10_o of_o christ_n and_o peter_n and_o paul_n for_o himself_o do_v mention_v they_o but_o he_o declare_v so_o little_a reverence_n for_o they_o that_o he_o say_v they_o deserve_v to_o be_v deceive_v who_o look_v on_o they_o as_o book_n to_o be_v instruct_v by_o and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o see_v feigner_n of_o false_a doctrine_n to_o be_v lead_v aside_o by_o painter_n by_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a s._n augustin_n do_v not_o think_v picture_n and_o image_n to_o be_v such_o good_a help_n for_o the_o ignorant_a as_o be_v afterward_o pretend_v and_o for_o those_o who_o worship_v picture_n s._n augustin_n do_v not_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v such_o in_o his_o time_n but_o he_o reckon_v they_o among_o the_o ignorant_a and_o superstitious_a 34._o who_o by_o their_o practice_n do_v dishonour_v their_o profession_n of_o christianity_n so_o that_o although_o we_o grant_v in_o the_o time_n of_o s._n augustin_n there_o be_v several_a picture_n of_o holy_a man_n mention_v in_o scripture_n in_o several_a place_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o clear_a evidence_n that_o they_o be_v then_o bring_v into_o the_o african_a church_n any_o more_o than_o into_o those_o of_o cyprus_n or_o palestine_n but_o they_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o four_o century_n in_o some_o of_o the_o more_o eastern_a church_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o gregory_n nyssen_n and_o asterius_n produce_v by_o petavius_n and_o other_o 4._o and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a probable_a conjecture_n of_o daillè_fw-la that_o in_o those_o part_n of_o pontus_n and_o cappadocia_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v out_o of_o a_o compliance_n with_o gentilism_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o gregory_n thaumaturgus_n who_o nyssen_n commend_v for_o change_v the_o heathen_a festival_n into_o christian_a thaumat_n the_o better_a to_o draw_v the_o heathen_n to_o christianity_n which_o seem_v a_o very_a plausible_a pretence_n but_o be_v attend_v with_o very_o bad_a success_n when_o christianity_n come_v to_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n but_o reform_a paganism_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o divine_a worship_n this_o same_o principle_n in_o all_o probability_n bring_v the_o picture_n of_o martyr_n and_o other_o into_o the_o church_n of_o italy_n of_o which_o prudentius_n and_o paulinus_n speak_v 12._o and_o this_o latter_a confess_v it_o be_v a_o rare_a custom_n in_o his_o time_n to_o have_v picture_n in_o church_n pingere_fw-la sanctas_fw-la raro_fw-la more_fw-it domos_fw-la and_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v a_o apology_n for_o it_o 614._o which_o he_o do_v by_o say_v he_o look_v on_o this_o as_o a_o good_a mean_n to_o draw_v the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a people_n from_o their_o heathen_a custom_n change_v the_o pleasure_n of_o picture_n for_o that_o of_o drink_v at_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o martyr_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o intimation_n of_o any_o worship_n then_o give_v to_o they_o 3._o after_o that_o the_o use_v of_o image_n have_v prevail_v both_o in_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a part_n 5._o man_n come_v by_o degree_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o three_o period_n observable_a in_o this_o controversy_n as_o to_o which_o there_o be_v these_o thing_n remarkable_a 1._o that_o it_o begin_v first_o among_o the_o ignorant_a and_o superstitious_a people_n of_o who_o s._n augustin_n speak_v in_o his_o time_n that_o they_o be_v the_o worshipper_n of_o picture_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o epistle_n of_o gregorius_n m._n to_o serenus_n bishop_n of_o marseilles_n it_o be_v observable_a 9_o that_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o worship_v the_o image_n in_o church_n in_o perfect_a opposition_n to_o serenus_n their_o bishop_n who_o be_v so_o much_o displease_v at_o it_o that_o he_o demolish_v they_o and_o break_v they_o in_o piece_n which_o act_n of_o his_o so_o exasperate_v they_o that_o they_o separate_v from_o his_o communion_n the_o news_n of_o this_o come_n to_o rome_n probable_o from_o some_o of_o these_o schismatic_n who_o always_o love_v to_o take_v sanctuary_n in_o rome_n and_o appeal_v thither_o against_o their_o bishop_n the_o pope_n write_v to_o the_o bishop_n about_o it_o by_o one_o cyriacus_n he_o slight_v the_o pope_n letter_n as_o if_o he_o can_v not_o believe_v they_o be_v write_v by_o he_o gregory_n be_v nettle_v at_o this_o write_v again_o to_o he_o and_o reprove_v he_o for_o break_v down_o the_o image_n but_o commend_v he_o for_o not_o allow_v the_o worship_n of_o they_o so_o that_o we_o find_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o these_o western_a part_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o folly_n and_o superstition_n of_o the_o people_n express_o against_o the_o will_n of_o their_o own_o bishop_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n bellarmin_n say_v 16._o that_o gregory_n only_o reprove_v the_o superstitious_a worship_n of_o image_n i._n e._n that_o by_o which_o they_o be_v worship_v as_o go_n which_o be_v a_o desperate_a shift_n in_o a_o bad_a cause_n for_o if_o gregory_n have_v intend_v any_o kind_n of_o worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n can_v he_o not_o have_v express_v it_o himself_o he_o speak_v plain_a enough_o about_o this_o matter_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n why_o do_v he_o not_o in_o distinguish_v what_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n and_o what_o not_o we_o praise_v you_o say_v he_o that_o you_o forbid_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n so_o adorari_fw-la must_v be_v render_v and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o modern_a sense_n of_o romish_a author_n who_o will_v against_o all_o sense_n and_o reason_n appropriate_v that_o word_n to_o sovereign_a worship_n but_o we_o reprehend_v you_o for_o break_v they_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o worship_v a_o image_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o learn_v by_o it_o what_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v that_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v break_v down_o which_o be_v set_v up_o in_o church_n not_o to_o be_v worship_v but_o only_o to_o instruct_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o ignorant_a will_v any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n have_v say_v this_o that_o do_v allow_v any_o worship_n of_o image_n will_v bellarmin_n or_o t.g._n or_o any_o that_o embrace_v the_o second_o nicene_n and_o tridentine_n council_n have_v say_v that_o image_n be_v set_v up_o in_o church_n ad_fw-la instruendas_fw-la solummodo_fw-la mentes_fw-la nescientium_fw-la only_a to_o instruct_v the_o ignorant_a nay_o gregory_n go_v yet_o far_o and_o tell_v serenus_n he_o ought_v to_o call_v his_o people_n together_o and_o show_v they_o from_o scripture_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o worship_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n because_o it_o be_v write_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v which_o very_o place_n anastasius_n bishop_n of_o theopolis_n in_o his_o epistle_n produce_v in_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n 4._o thus_o expound_v mark_v say_v he_o only_o be_v join_v to_o serve_v and_o not_o to_o worship_v adorare_fw-la quidem_fw-la licet_fw-la servire_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la say_v the_o latin_a translation_n there_o worship_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v lawful_a but_o not_o the_o service_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o gregory_n say_v who_o make_v the_o worship_n of_o any_o other_o thing_n unlawful_a from_o these_o word_n and_o to_o conclude_v all_o gregory_n say_v forbid_v not_o those_o who_o will_v make_v image_n adorare_fw-la verò_fw-la imagine_v modis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la devita_fw-la but_o by_o all_o mean_n avoid_v the_o worship_n of_o they_o what!_o no_o kind_n of_o worship_n to_o be_v allow_v they_o no_o distinction_n of_o a_o inferior_a honorary_a relative_a worship_n no_o not_o the_o least_o tittle_n tend_v that_o way_n but_o our_o adversary_n run_v from_o this_o epistle_n to_o another_o to_o secundinus_n to_o help_v they_o out_o where_o they_o say_v gregory_n approve_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n to_o which_o no_o other_o answer_n be_v needful_a than_o that_o all_o that_o passage_n be_v want_v in_o the_o ancient_n m_o s._n as_o dr._n james_n have_v attest_v upon_o a_o diligent_a examination_n of_o they_o 76._o and_o however_o aught_o to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o his_o deliberate_a sentence_n in_o the_o epistle_n to_o serenus_n where_o he_o not_o only_o deliver_v his_o judgement_n but_o back_v it_o with_o the_o strong_a reason_n 2._o that_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n no_o soon_o prevail_v but_o it_o be_v object_v against_o the_o christian_n by_o the_o jew_n and_o gentile_n thus_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o apology_n of_o leontius_n bishop_n of_o neapolis_n in_o cyprus_n write_v against_o the_o jew_n and_o read_v in_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n
the_o object_n of_o worship_n but_o that_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o image_n themselves_o the_o former_a use_n of_o image_n do_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v only_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o book_n which_o represent_v thing_n to_o our_o mind_n without_o any_o act_n of_o adoration_n perform_v to_o that_o which_o be_v only_o a_o instrument_n of_o intellection_n although_o the_o thing_n represent_v to_o the_o mind_n be_v a_o proper_a object_n of_o adoration_n as_o if_o by_o read_v a_o book_n a_o idea_n of_o god_n be_v represent_v to_o my_o mind_n who_o i_o ought_v to_o worship_n yet_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v that_o from_o hence_o i_o shall_v fall_v down_o upon_o my_o knee_n out_o of_o honour_n to_o the_o book_n or_o with_o a_o design_n to_o worship_v it_o when_o a_o man_n read_v his_o prayer_n out_o of_o a_o book_n and_o make_v use_v of_o that_o only_a as_o a_o mean_n or_o instrument_n to_o help_v his_o understanding_n and_o direct_v his_o expression_n no_o man_n can_v have_v any_o colour_n of_o reason_n to_o say_v that_o he_o worship_v the_o book_n which_o he_o use_v for_o a_o quite_o different_a purpose_n it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n as_o to_o image_n when_o they_o be_v use_v for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o bare_o to_o represent_v to_o the_o mind_n a_o object_n of_o worship_n as_o a_o crucifix_n may_v do_v our_o saviour_n than_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o external_a note_n or_o character_n and_o have_v the_o same_o use_n that_o word_n have_v but_o those_o who_o go_v no_o far_o than_o thus_o stand_v condemn_v and_o anathematise_v by_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a 555._o for_o that_o not_o only_o determine_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o assurance_n that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o church_n and_o house_n and_o way_n in_o order_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o but_o very_o free_o anathematize_n all_o sort_n of_o dissenter_n either_o in_o judgement_n or_o practice_n 577._o anathema_n be_v to_o all_o those_o who_o do_v not_o salute_v the_o holy_a and_o venerable_a image_n anathema_n to_o all_o heretic_n anathema_n to_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o council_n against_o image_n anathema_n to_o they_o that_o do_v not_o salute_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o saint_n epiphanius_n in_o the_o six_o session_n declare_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o council_n 542._o those_o who_o say_v that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v have_v only_o for_o memory_n and_o not_o for_o worship_n or_o salutation_n be_v half-wicked_n and_o partly_o true_a and_o partly_o false_a they_o be_v so_o far_o right_a as_o they_o be_v for_o image_n but_o they_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n as_o they_o be_v against_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o o_o the_o folly_n of_o these_o man_n say_v epiphanius_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o have_v image_n for_o help_n to_o memory_n so_o neither_o be_v it_o to_o give_v they_o some_o kind_n of_o honour_n or_o reverence_n nothing_o but_o worship_n will_v satisfy_v they_o so_o the_o patriarch_n tarasius_n say_v in_o plain_a term_n they_o who_o pretend_v to_o honour_v image_n 247._o and_o not_o to_o worship_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o hypocrisy_n and_o self-contradiction_n for_o worship_n say_v he_o be_v a_o symbol_n and_o signification_n of_o honour_n therefore_o they_o who_o deny_v to_o worship_v they_o do_v dishonour_n they_o this_o be_v the_o patriarchal_a way_n of_o argue_v in_o this_o famous_a council_n and_o this_o he_o prove_v from_o the_o say_n of_o anastasius_n bishop_n of_o theopolis_n let_v no_o man_n be_v offend_v with_o the_o name_n of_o adoration_n or_o worship_n for_o we_o worship_v man_n and_o angel_n but_o do_v not_o serve_v they_o and_o worship_n be_v a_o expression_n of_o honour_n and_o it_o will_v do_v one_o good_a at_o heart_n to_o see_v how_o all_o the_o reverend_a father_n clap_v their_o hand_n for_o joy_n at_o the_o subtle_a criticism_n which_o it_o seem_v that_o bishop_n have_v discover_v viz._n that_o when_o our_o saviour_n say_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v that_o only_o be_v not_o apply_v to_o worship_n but_o to_o service_n mark_v that_o cry_v the_o council_n only_o belong_v to_o service_n and_o not_o to_o worship_v therefore_o although_o we_o may_v not_o serve_v image_n yet_o we_o may_v worship_v they_o if_o the_o devil_n have_v be_v so_o subtle_a may_v not_o he_o have_v say_v to_o our_o saviour_n mark_v that_o you_o be_v forbid_v only_o to_o serve_v any_o else_o but_o god_n but_o you_o may_v worship_n i_o notwithstanding_o that_o command_n the_o patriarch_n tarasius_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o constantine_n and_o irene_n express_v this_o worship_n by_o the_o very_a same_o word_n which_o be_v use_v to_o god_n for_o when_o god_n say_v thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n 785._o and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v he_o restrain_v service_n to_o himself_o but_o allow_v worship_n to_o other_o thing_n therefore_o say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o the_o least_o doubt_n or_o dispute_v it_o be_v a_o thing_n acceptable_a and_o well_o please_v to_o god_n for_o we_o to_o worship_n and_o salute_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o b._n virgin_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a angel_n and_o saint_n if_o any_o man_n think_v otherwise_o and_o have_v any_o doubt_n in_o his_o mind_n or_o any_o waver_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d about_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o venerable_a image_n the_o holy_a and_o ecumenical_a synod_n have_v anathematise_v he_o and_o what_o be_v a_o anathema_n but_o a_o separation_n from_o god_n and_o thus_o it_o become_v no_o less_o than_o damnation_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n o_o bless_a change_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n when_o it_o be_v damnation_n to_o worship_v they_o this_o worship_n he_o express_v in_o the_o same_o epistle_n by_o kiss_v by_o bow_v by_o prostration_n all_o which_o he_o show_v from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o scripture_n and_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n among_o the_o act_n of_o worship_n 555._o be_v reckon_v the_o oblation_n of_o incense_n and_o light_n because_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o image_n pass_v to_o the_o thing_n represent_v by_o it_o so_o that_o all_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v by_o the_o definition_n of_o this_o council_n to_o be_v perform_v to_o image_n and_o the_o same_o have_v be_v practise_v by_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n wherein_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v receive_v as_o a_o general_n council_n and_o appeal_v to_o by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 25._o suppose_v the_o decree_n of_o that_o council_n to_o be_v still_o in_o force_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o thomas_n arundel_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n make_v in_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n begin_v at_o s._n paul_n 14_o jan._n a._n d._n 1408._o we_o have_v a_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o several_a act_n of_o worship_n which_o be_v require_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o image_n and_o the_o place_n and_o relic_n of_o the_o saint_n viz._n procession_n 653.666_o genuflection_n bow_v of_o the_o body_n thurification_n deosculation_n oblation_n burn_n of_o light_n and_o pilgrimage_n and_o all_o other_o form_n and_o mode_n of_o worship_n which_o have_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o predecessor_n or_o in_o our_o own_o and_o this_o not_o only_o the_o people_n be_v require_v to_o practice_v but_o the_o clergy_n to_o teach_v and_o preach_v up_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o other_o image_n with_o these_o act_n of_o adoration_n and_o this_o constitution_n be_v extant_a in_o lyndwood_n as_o part_v of_o the_o canon_n law_n then_o in_o force_n 160.2_o who_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o it_o observe_n that_o offer_v incense_n be_v a_o sacrifice_n as_o it_o be_v burn_v upon_o the_o altar_n and_o a_o part_n of_o latria_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v the_o same_o incense_n be_v not_o use_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n with_o that_o burn_v upon_o the_o altar_n but_o of_o another_o sort_n which_o be_v not_o consecrate_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v extant_a the_o form_n of_o renunciation_n impose_v on_o the_o lollard_n 2._o wherein_o be_v these_o word_n concern_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n 655._o i_o do_v swear_v to_o god_n and_o to_o all_o his_o seynt_n upon_o this_o holy_a gospel_n that_o fro_o this_o day_n forward_o i_o shall_v worship_n image_n with_o pray_v and_o offer_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o worschop_n of_o the_o seynt_n that_o they_o be_v make_v after_o and_o yet_o after_o all_o this_o plain_a evidence_n some_o have_v have_v the_o confidence_n to_o tell_v
invisible_a and_o incorruptible_a and_o can_v only_o be_v apprehend_v by_o our_o mind_n from_o hence_o say_v he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n although_o they_o build_v temple_n and_o holy_a place_n yet_o for_o 160._o year_n have_v no_o grave_v or_o paint_a image_n of_o god_n account_v it_o a_o profane_a thing_n to_o represent_v the_o more_o excellent_a by_o what_o be_v below_o it_o and_o because_o we_o can_v come_v near_o to_o god_n any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o our_o understanding_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o numa_n do_v allow_v the_o worship_n of_o inferior_a deity_n as_o of_o juno_n minerva_n and_o of_o deify_v man_n as_o of_o quirinus_n as_o dionysius_n halicarnassaeus_n say_v 2._o but_o since_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o hence_o that_o he_o acknowledge_v a_o first_o invisible_z incomprehensible_a be_v since_o he_o deduce_v the_o reason_n of_o divine_a worship_n from_o consideration_n proper_a to_o he_o since_o he_o appoint_v a_o flamen_n dialis_n as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n 19_o as_o livy_n tell_v we_o and_o erect_v a_o capitol_n to_o jove_n it_o be_v incredible_a that_o he_o shall_v design_v it_o for_o any_o other_o than_o the_o supreme_a deity_n what_o force_n be_v there_o in_o numa_n be_v reason_n against_o image_n if_o the_o first_o and_o invisible_a be_v be_v not_o worship_v by_o he_o to_o what_o end_n be_v reason_n frame_v against_o a_o thing_n never_o intend_v and_o which_o will_v not_o hold_v against_o the_o worship_n of_o deify_v man_n unless_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v carry_v at_o last_o to_o the_o supreme_a god_n but_o not_o only_a plutarch_n attest_v this_o 31._o but_o varro_n say_v that_o for_o 170._o year_n the_o roman_n worship_v their_o god_n without_o image_n i_o e._n till_o the_o new_a capitol_n be_v erect_v which_o be_v vow_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n in_o the_o sabine_a war_n 3._o but_o he_o be_v only_o able_a to_o prepare_v the_o place_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n 72._o servius_n tullius_n carry_v it_o on_o tarqvinius_n superbus_n be_v at_o vast_a charge_n upon_o it_o design_v say_v livy_n 53._o a_o temple_n of_o such_o a_o capacity_n as_o may_v become_v the_o king_n of_o god_n and_o man_n 4._o which_o be_v the_o common_a phrase_n whereby_o ennius_n plautus_n and_o virgil_n do_v set_v forth_o the_o supreme_a deity_n this_o magnificent_a temple_n which_o according_a to_o dionysius_n stand_v upon_o 800._o foot_n of_o ground_n be_v not_o finish_v till_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o tarquin_n and_o be_v then_o dedicate_v with_o great_a solemnity_n by_o horatius_n pulvillus_n be_v both_o consul_n and_o pontifex_n and_o from_o that_o time_n this_o be_v account_v the_o great_a seat_n of_o god_n and_o religion_n among_o they_o panegyr_n it_o be_v sedeâ—_n jovis_fw-la in_o livy_n jovis_fw-la summi_fw-la arx_fw-la in_o ovid_n terrestre_fw-fr domicilium_fw-la jovis_fw-la in_o cicero_n sedes_fw-la jovis_fw-la opt._n max._n in_o tacitus_n which_o be_v all_o as_o plain_a testimony_n that_o this_o temple_n be_v design_v for_o the_o supreme_a god_n among_o they_o as_o can_v be_v desire_v buâ—_n if_o any_o thing_n more_o can_v be_v add_v it_o be_v only_o what_o pliny_n say_v in_o his_o panegyric_n that_o god_n be_v as_o present_v there_o as_o he_o wâ—â—_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o this_o temple_n thâ—_n great_a resort_n be_v make_v especial_o by_o the_o magistrate_n on_o all_o solemn_a occasion_n hither_o the_o consul_n come_v and_o make_v theiâ—_n vow_n and_o offer_a sacrifice_n before_o theâ—_n go_v into_o their_o province_n on_o the_o verâ—_n day_n they_o enter_v upon_o their_o office_n saitâ—_n livy_n 63._o for_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o charge_n again_o flaminius_n that_o he_o go_v away_o without_o do_v it_o hither_o those_o that_o triumpheâ—â—_n come_v and_o offer_v up_o their_o laurel_n anâ—_n lay_v they_o in_o the_o lap_n of_o jupiter_n o._n m._n here_o the_o great_a soldier_n consecrate_v theâ—â—_n arm_n 10._o and_o hang_v up_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o incredible_a riches_n 1._o here_o the_o great_a scipâ—â—_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o often_o conversant_a in_o the_o night_n in_o cella_fw-la jovis_fw-la anâ—_n alexander_n severus_n never_o miss_v attend_v the_o service_n of_o the_o capitol_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o city_n every_o seven_o day_n as_o lampridius_n say_v in_o his_o life_n by_o which_o we_o see_v in_o what_o extraordinary_a esteem_v the_o service_n of_o jupiter_n o._n m._n in_o the_o capitol_n be_v among_o the_o great_a person_n in_o rome_n from_o whence_o lactantius_n say_v 11._o it_o be_v summum_fw-la caput_fw-la religionum_fw-la suarum_fw-la publicarum_fw-la the_o very_a top_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o isidore_n think_v it_o be_v call_v capitolium_fw-la 2._o because_o it_o be_v romanae_fw-la urbus_fw-la &_o religionis_fw-la caput_fw-la summum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a but_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o worship_n than_o be_v use_v at_o any_o other_o temple_n in_o rome_n if_o any_o worship_n can_v be_v suppose_v more_o solemn_a than_o this_o it_o be_v that_o of_o jupiter_n latialis_n upon_o the_o mountain_n of_o alba_n whither_o the_o roman_a coss._n go_v upon_o the_o feriae_fw-la latinae_fw-la and_o there_o meet_v the_o ambassador_n send_v on_o purpose_n from_o the_o whole_a society_n of_o the_o latin_n where_o they_o all_o join_v together_o in_o a_o common_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o same_o jove_n as_o dionysius_n strabo_n and_o livy_n relate_v 19_o i_o con_v foresee_v but_o 2._o objection_n against_o this_o evidence_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n among_o the_o roman_n 1._o that_o jupiter_n be_v not_o worship_v alone_o in_o the_o capitol_n but_o juno_n and_o minerva_n too_o 2._o that_o this_o jupiter_n be_v not_o the_o supreme_a god_n but_o jupiter_n of_o crete_n to_o these_o i_o answer_v 1._o i_o confess_v that_o juno_n and_o minerva_n have_v their_o image_n in_o the_o capitol_n but_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o their_o pontifical_a law_n that_o a_o temple_n can_v be_v consecrate_v only_o to_o one_o god_n and_o therefore_o m._n marcellus_n can_v not_o dedicate_v the_o same_o temple_n to_o honour_n and_o virtue_n because_o the_o pontifices_fw-la say_v livy_n 7._o tell_v he_o unum_fw-la templum_fw-la duobus_fw-la numinibus_fw-la non_fw-la rectè_fw-la dedicari_fw-la but_o there_o may_v be_v image_n or_o little_a cell_n of_o other_o god_n beside_o as_o t._n g._n know_v in_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o god_n or_o the_o b._n virgin_n there_o may_v be_v chapel_n to_o saint_n which_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o main_a design_n of_o the_o worship_n be_v to_o god_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o thing_n among_o the_o old_a roman_n as_o diana_n and_o the_o muse_n be_v in_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n and_o the_o grace_n of_o phidias_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n olympius_n but_o livy_n particular_o say_v as_o to_o this_o temple_n of_o the_o capitol_n that_o they_o clear_v the_o ground_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v of_o all_o worship_n beside_o 55._o ut_fw-la area_n esset_fw-la tota_fw-la jovis_n that_o it_o may_v whole_o belong_v to_o jove_n the_o only_a question_n than_o be_v whether_o by_o this_o jove_n they_o mean_v the_o supreme_a god_n or_o jupiter_n of_o crete_n for_o which_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v 1._o that_o the_o poetical_a fable_n be_v reject_v at_o rome_n 2._o that_o the_o character_n give_v of_o jupiter_n by_o the_o roman_n can_v belong_v only_o to_o the_o supreme_a god_n that_o the_o poetical_a fable_n be_v reject_v at_o rome_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o that_o they_o be_v reject_v by_o their_o wiseman_n as_o varro_n seneca_n and_o other_o but_o by_o their_o most_o ancient_a law_n about_o religion_n marlianus_n mention_n a_o table_n of_o the_o law_n of_o romulus_n preserve_v in_o the_o capitol_n among_o which_o this_o be_v one_o deorum_fw-la fabulas_fw-la ne_fw-fr credunto_n 8._o and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o invention_n of_o his_o own_o appear_v by_o what_o dionysius_n halicarnassaeus_n at_o large_a discourse_v on_o this_o subject_n halicarn_n where_o he_o show_v that_o although_o the_o custom_n and_o rite_n of_o religion_n institute_v by_o romulus_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o best_a among_o the_o greek_n 90._o yet_o he_o utter_o reject_v all_o their_o fable_n concern_v their_o god_n which_o be_v indeed_o so_o many_o blasphemy_n and_o reproach_n of_o they_o as_o wicked_a unprofitable_a and_o indecent_a and_o not_o become_v good_a man_n much_o less_o those_o which_o be_v worship_v for_o god_n and_o that_o he_o dispose_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o speak_v and_o think_v thing_n worthy_a of_o that_o bless_a nature_n they_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v and_o he_o particular_o instance_n in_o the_o fable_n of_o saturn_n and_o jupiter_n and_o the_o mystery_n of_o
to_o their_o god_n but_o they_o have_v temple_n for_o heaven_n and_o earth_n in_o nankin_n and_o pekim_n in_o which_o the_o king_n himself_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n and_o in_o the_o city_n they_o have_v temple_n for_o tutelar_a spirit_n to_o which_o the_o mandarin_n do_v sacrifice_n as_o to_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o river_n mountain_n and_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n etc._n etc._n and_o there_o be_v temple_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o great_a benefactor_n to_o the_o public_a and_o therein_o be_v place_v their_o image_n trigautius_n say_v 10._o that_o he_o find_v in_o their_o ancient_a book_n that_o the_o chineses_n do_v of_o old_a time_n worship_v one_o supreme_a god_n who_o they_o call_v king_n of_o heaven_n or_o by_o another_o name_n heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o beside_o he_o they_o worship_v tutelar_a spirit_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n with_o semedo_n and_o the_o same_o he_o say_v continues_z still_o in_o the_o learned_a sect_n among_o they_o who_o first_o author_n be_v their_o famous_a confutius_n to_o he_o they_o have_v a_o temple_n erect_v in_o every_o city_n with_o his_o image_n or_o his_o name_n in_o golden_a letter_n whither_o all_o the_o magistrate_n every_o new_a or_o full_a moon_n do_v resort_n to_o give_v honour_n to_o confutius_n with_o bowing_n and_o wax-candle_n and_o incense_v the_o same_o they_o do_v on_o his_o birthday_n and_o other_o set_a time_n there_o to_o express_v their_o gratitude_n for_o the_o mighty_a advantage_n they_o have_v have_v by_o his_o doctrine_n but_o they_o make_v no_o prayer_n to_o he_o and_o neither_o seek_v nor_o hope_v for_o any_o thing_n from_o he_o they_o have_v likewise_o temple_n to_o tutelar_a spirit_n for_o every_o city_n and_o tribunal_n where_o they_o make_v oblation_n and_o burn_v perfume_n acknowledge_v these_o to_o have_v power_n to_o reward_v and_o punish_v bartoli_n say_v 73._o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o contempt_n of_o religion_n but_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o deity_n because_o of_o the_o excellency_n of_o his_o majesty_n that_o they_o suffer_v none_o but_o the_o king_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o he_o and_o according_o the_o large_a power_n the_o tutelar_a spirit_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v the_o great_a magistrate_n be_v to_o attend_v their_o service_n and_o the_o lesser_a those_o of_o city_n and_o mountain_n and_o river_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o material_a to_o our_o present_a business_n be_v to_o consider_v the_o resolution_n of_o a_o case_n of_o conscience_n not_o long_o since_o give_v at_o rome_n by_o the_o congregation_n of_o cardinal_n de_fw-fr propagandâ_fw-la fide_fw-la after_o advise_v with_o and_o the_o full_a consent_n of_o the_o pope_n obtain_v 12_o sept._n 1645._o which_o resolution_n and_o decree_n be_v print_v in_o the_o press_n of_o the_o congregation_n the_o same_o year_n with_o the_o pope_n decree_n annex_v to_o it_o and_o his_o peremptory_a command_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o by_o all_o missionary_n and_o that_o copy_n of_o the_o resolution_n i_o have_v see_v be_v attest_v by_o a_o public_a notary_n to_o agree_v with_o the_o original_a decree_n which_o case_n will_v help_v we_o very_o much_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o notion_n of_o idolatry_n according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o case_n be_v this_o the_o missionary_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesuit_n have_v have_v a_o plentiful_a harvest_n in_o china_n and_o many_o of_o the_o great_a man_n embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n by_o their_o mean_n the_o missionary_n of_o other_o order_n especial_o the_o franciscan_n have_v a_o great_a curiosity_n to_o understand_v the_o art_n which_o the_o jesuit_n use_v in_o prevail_v with_o so_o many_o great_a person_n to_o become_v christian_n and_o upon_o full_a enquiry_n they_o find_v they_o give_v they_o great_a liberty_n as_o to_o the_o five_o precept_n of_o the_o church_n as_o they_o call_v they_o viz._n hear_v mass_n annual_a confession_n receive_v the_o sacrament_n at_o easter_n fast_v at_o the_o solemn_a time_n and_o ten_o and_o first-fruit_n beside_o they_o do_v forbear_v their_o ceremony_n of_o baptism_n their_o oil_n and_o spittle_n in_o the_o ear_n and_o salt_n in_o the_o mouth_n when_o they_o baptize_v woman_n and_o give_v extreme_a unction_n to_o they_o because_o the_o jealousy_n of_o their_o husband_n will_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o use_v they_o but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o to_o our_o purpose_n be_v the_o liberty_n they_o give_v the_o mandarin_n in_o two_o thing_n 1._o to_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o tutelar_a spirit_n in_o every_o city_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n to_o do_v twice_o a_o month_n or_o else_o they_o forfeit_v their_o place_n and_o there_o to_o prostrate_v themselves_o before_o the_o idol_n with_o all_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n that_o other_o use_v and_o swear_v before_o it_o when_o they_o enter_v into_o their_o office_n so_o they_o do_v secret_o convey_v a_o crucifix_n among_o the_o flower_n that_o lie_v upon_o the_o altar_n or_o hold_v it_o cunning_o in_o their_o hand_n and_o direct_v all_o their_o adoration_n to_o the_o crucifix_n by_o the_o inward_a intention_n of_o their_o mind_n 2._o to_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n of_o keum-fucu_a or_o confucius_n twice_o a_o year_n and_o to_o perform_v all_o the_o solemnity_n there_o that_o the_o rest_n do_v and_o the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o temple_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o be_v erect_v to_o their_o honour_n according_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o confucius_n because_o the_o chineses_n declare_v that_o they_o intend_v only_o to_o give_v the_o same_o reverence_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o they_o will_v do_v to_o themselves_o if_o they_o be_v still_o live_v and_o what_o they_o offer_v to_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o what_o they_o will_v give_v they_o if_o they_o be_v alive_a without_o any_o intention_n to_o beg_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o when_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v dead_a and_o the_o same_o allowance_n they_o give_v as_o to_o the_o image_n of_o their_o ancestor_n about_o which_o many_o ceremony_n be_v use_v by_o they_o the_o missionary_n of_o s._n francis_n order_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o these_o thing_n from_o the_o philippines_n they_o send_v a_o memorial_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n concern_v they_o who_o by_o his_o ambassador_n represent_v it_o to_o the_o pope_n whereupon_o the_o congregation_n of_o cardinal_n be_v call_v and_o after_o great_a deliberation_n and_o advise_v with_o the_o pope_n about_o it_o they_o make_v their_o decree_n wherein_o they_o by_o several_a resolution_n declare_v it_o unlawful_a upon_o any_o of_o those_o pretence_n to_o use_v act_n in_o themselves_o unlawful_a and_o superstitious_a although_o direct_v by_o their_o intention_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o lest_o any_o shall_v imagine_v it_o be_v only_a matter_n of_o scandal_n which_o they_o stand_v upon_o as_o t._n g._n do_v 92._o about_o worship_v towards_o the_o sun_n they_o make_v use_v of_o several_a expression_n on_o purpose_n to_o exclude_v this_o for_o so_o they_o resolve_v the_o seven_o quere_z nullatenus_fw-la licere_fw-la it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n lawful_a and_o the_o eight_o nullo_n praetextu_fw-la under_o no_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o to_o the_o nine_o express_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v salve_v propter_fw-la absentiam_fw-la gentilium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v no_o gentile_n present_v from_o this_o resolution_n we_o may_v observe_v several_a thing_n to_o our_o purpose_n that_o idolatry_n be_v consistent_a with_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o reserve_v sovereign_a worship_n as_o due_a only_o to_o he_o for_o the_o congregation_n call_v the_o image_n of_o the_o tutelar_a spirit_n a_o idol_n and_o consequent_o the_o act_n of_o adoration_n must_v be_v idolatry_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a that_o the_o chinese_n especial_o the_o christian_n do_v never_o intend_v to_o give_v to_o the_o tutelar_a spirit_n the_o honour_n proper_a to_o the_o supreme_a deity_n and_o bartoli_n have_v at_o large_a prove_v 70._o that_o the_o chineses_n do_v of_o old_a acknowledge_v the_o true_a god_n and_o his_o providence_n over_o the_o world_n and_o that_o their_o prince_n do_v worship_v the_o same_o god_n still_o to_o who_o they_o offer_v sacrifice_n and_o they_o call_v he_o by_o two_o name_n scianti_n which_o signify_v supreme_a monarch_n and_o tienciù_fw-fr lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o they_o put_v a_o apparent_a difference_n between_o tienciù_fw-fr and_o tienscin_n i._n e._n between_o god_n and_o angel_n and_o say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o forgive_a sin_n belong_v only_o to_o god_n and_o not_o to_o they_o that_o upon_o a_o debate_n among_o the_o missionary_n about_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n for_o the_o true_a god_n and_o some_o scruple_n raise_v from_o some_o
subject_n to_o give_v homage_n to_o he_o and_o another_o day_n to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o altar_n as_o he_o be_v after_o his_o election_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n 6._o there_o to_o receive_v adoration_n from_o the_o cardinal_n as_o the_o vicar_n of_o christ_n will_v any_o man_n say_v he_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n in_o these_o because_o the_o same_o posture_n may_v be_v use_v in_o both_o although_o then_o the_o outward_a act_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o act_n may_v be_v far_o from_o equivocal_a because_o determine_v by_o the_o circumstance_n which_o do_v accompany_v they_o i_o grant_v then_o that_o the_o mere_a external_a act_n of_o adoration_n in_o bow_v or_o kneel_v may_v be_v give_v both_o on_o the_o account_n of_o honour_n and_o worship_n i._n e._n upon_o the_o account_n of_o excellency_n and_o superiority_n as_o some_o of_o the_o patriarch_n bow_v to_o angel_n as_o a_o token_n of_o honour_n of_o their_o excellency_n and_o not_o out_o of_o religious_a worship_n and_o man_n may_v bow_v and_o kneel_v to_o their_o sovereign_a prince_n on_o the_o account_n of_o civil_a worship_n and_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n in_o token_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o creature_n to_o their_o creator_n in_o their_o solemn_a act_n of_o devotion_n but_o i_o say_v in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o different_a signification_n of_o these_o act_n be_v to_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o they_o 3._o and_o that_o act_n of_o religious_a and_o civil_a worship_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o each_o other_o come_v the_o appointment_n of_o set_a time_n and_o place_n and_o solemn_a rite_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o religious_a worship_n from_o hence_o cicero_n give_v that_o definition_n of_o religion_n 53._o religio_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la superioris_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la naturae_fw-la quam_fw-la divinam_fw-la vocant_fw-la curam_fw-la ceremoniamque_fw-la affert_fw-la therefore_o they_o think_v the_o solemn_a rite_n and_o circumstance_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v sufficient_a to_o discriminate_a the_o nature_n of_o that_o worship_n from_o any_o other_o and_o these_o they_o think_v so_o peculiar_a to_o the_o divine_a nature_n that_o whatever_o be_v they_o give_v this_o solemn_a worship_n to_o they_o think_v to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o deity_n although_o inferior_a and_o subordinate_a because_o these_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o divine_a be_v aquinas_n can_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v some_o external_a act_n of_o religion_n so_o peculiar_a to_o god_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o other_o 5._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o make_v religion_n a_o moral_a virtue_n and_o a_o part_n of_o justice_n because_o it_o be_v its_o office_n reddere_fw-la cultum_fw-la debitum_fw-la deo_fw-la to_o give_v god_n the_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o now_o say_v he_o because_o the_o excellency_n of_o god_n be_v peculiar_a to_o himself_o be_v infinite_o above_o all_o other_o therefore_o the_o worship_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o aught_o to_o be_v peculiar_a ad_fw-la religionem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la say_v cajetan_n 3._o exhibere_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la uni_fw-la deo_fw-la secundum_fw-la unam_fw-la rationem_fw-la in_fw-la quantum_fw-la sc_n est_fw-la primum_fw-la principium_fw-la creationis_fw-la &_o gubernationis_fw-la rerum_fw-la but_o since_o this_o reason_n of_o religious_a worship_n from_o the_o creation_n and_o government_n of_o the_o world_n be_v so_o peculiar_a to_o god_n as_o to_o be_v incommunicable_a to_o any_o else_o beside_o he_o be_v there_o not_o all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o act_n of_o this_o worship_n shall_v be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o too_o and_o upon_o this_o ground_n aquinas_n do_v grant_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sacrifice_n 2._o hoc_fw-la etiam_fw-la videmus_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la republica_n observari_fw-la quod_fw-la summum_fw-la rectorem_fw-la aliquo_fw-la signo_fw-la singulari_fw-la honorant_fw-la quod_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la alteri_fw-la deferretur_fw-la esset_fw-la crimen_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la in_o lege_fw-la divina_fw-la statuitur_fw-la poena_fw-la mortis_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la divinum_fw-la honorem_fw-la aliis_fw-la exhibent_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o infer_v not_o only_o that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o religious_a worship_n appropriate_v to_o god_n but_o that_o the_o give_v the_o worship_n do_v by_o those_o act_n to_o any_o creature_n be_v a_o crime_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n the_o same_o aquinas_n 120._o dispute_v against_o the_o heathen_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a thing_n to_o those_o that_o hold_v one_o first_o principle_n to_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o other_o beside_o he_o and_o we_o give_v worship_n to_o god_n not_o that_o he_o need_v it_o but_o that_o hereby_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o god_n may_v be_v confirm_v in_o we_o by_o external_a and_o sensible_a act_n which_o can_v be_v do_v say_v he_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o peculiar_a act_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o this_o we_o call_v divine_a worship_n beside_o this_o external_a worship_n be_v necessary_a to_o man_n to_o raise_v in_o their_o mind_n a_o spiritual_a reverence_n of_o god_n and_o we_o find_v that_o custom_n have_v a_o great_a influence_n on_o man_n mind_n but_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o man_n that_o the_o honour_n or_o worship_n give_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o none_o else_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v much_o more_o so_o towards_o god_n because_o if_o a_o liberty_n be_v allow_v of_o give_v this_o worship_n to_o other_o of_o a_o high_a rank_n and_o not_o only_o to_o the_o supreme_a than_o man_n and_o angel_n may_v give_v divine_a worship_n to_o one_o another_o to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o the_o benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o god_n be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o that_o of_o creation_n and_o preservation_n and_o that_o he_o be_v our_o lord_n by_o a_o proper_a title_n and_o angel_n and_o the_o best_a of_o creature_n be_v but_o his_o servant_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o give_v the_o same_o worship_n to_o they_o that_o we_o do_v to_o god_n as_o our_o lord_n in_o his_o disputation_n about_o idolatry_n 2._o he_o show_v that_o the_o command_n exod._n 20._o do_v reach_n to_o external_a as_o well_o as_o internal_a worship_n and_o he_o argue_v against_o those_o who_o plead_v that_o all_o visible_a and_o external_a worship_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o other_o god_n and_o only_o internal_a to_o the_o supreme_a god_n as_o be_v much_o better_a upon_o this_o principle_n that_o the_o external_a belong_v only_o to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o internal_a belong_v and_o he_o dispute_v against_o those_o heretic_n who_o think_v it_o lawful_a in_o time_n of_o persecution_n to_o give_v external_a worship_n to_o idol_n as_o long_o as_o they_o preserve_v the_o true_a faith_n in_o their_o mind_n for_o say_v he_o the_o external_a worship_n be_v a_o profession_n or_o sign_n of_o the_o internal_a but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o pernicious_a thing_n for_o a_o man_n to_o speak_v contrary_a to_o his_o mind_n so_o it_o be_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o s._n augustin_n condemn_v seneca_n as_o so_o much_o the_o more_o culpable_a in_o the_o worship_n of_o idol_n because_o he_o act_v against_o the_o sense_n of_o his_o own_o mind_n in_o the_o next_o article_n 3._o he_o show_v that_o idolatry_n be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o high_a nature_n for_o say_v he_o as_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v the_o great_a crime_n to_o give_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n to_o any_o other_o for_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o lie_v in_o a_o man_n to_o put_v all_o thing_n into_o disorder_n and_o confusion_n so_o among_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v commit_v against_o god_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a whereby_o a_o man_n give_v divine_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n and_o say_v that_o it_o include_v blasphemy_n in_o it_o because_o it_o take_v away_o from_o god_n the_o peculiarity_n of_o his_o dominion_n cajetan_n there_o say_v that_o the_o idolater_n as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v tollit_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la svam_fw-la singularem_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la qua_fw-la solus_fw-la est_fw-la deus_fw-la rob_v god_n of_o that_o peculiar_a excellency_n whereby_o he_o be_v god_n alone_o thus_o we_o see_v the_o necessity_n of_o some_o peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v assert_v by_o these_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o preserve_v the_o belief_n and_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n in_o the_o world_n suarez_n grant_v 4._o that_o as_o the_o excellency_n of_o god_n be_v singular_a and_o above_o all_o creature_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a and_o incommunicable_a worship_n as_o be_v plain_a from_o those_o word_n of_o scripture_n thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v but_o then_o he_o make_v this_o worship_n
peculiar_a to_o god_n to_o consist_v chief_o in_o the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o only_o in_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v such_o as_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n but_o external_a act_n be_v not_o so_o determine_v of_o themselves_o but_o they_o may_v be_v give_v either_o to_o god_n or_o to_o the_o creature_n however_o he_o grant_v that_o although_o outward_a act_n be_v in_o themselves_o indifferent_a yet_o when_o sufficient_a authority_n have_v apprepriate_v some_o act_n as_o peculiar_a to_o divine_a worship_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v use_v for_o no_o other_o purpose_n and_o that_o if_o these_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v apply_v to_o a_o creature_n it_o make_v that_o worship_n at_o least_o external_a idolatry_n if_o it_o be_v not_o do_v ex_fw-la animo_fw-la and_o out_o of_o a_o false_a opinion_n in_o this_o point_n of_o the_o external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n 4._o these_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v observe_v of_o the_o divine_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n 1._o that_o in_o the_o general_n they_o confess_v that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v some_o peculiar_a external_a act_n of_o divine_a worship_n as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o god_n incommunicable_a excellency_n and_o in_o particular_a when_o they_o be_v press_v with_o any_o difficulty_n from_o scripture_n or_o father_n about_o not_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n than_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o tell_v we_o those_o place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o worship_n that_o be_v proper_a only_o to_o god_n thus_o they_o think_v to_o escape_v the_o force_n of_o that_o place_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a that_o it_o blind_v they_o with_o the_o light_n of_o it_o 4.10_o thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v which_o be_v certain_o understand_v of_o a_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n for_o the_o devil_n say_v to_o christ_n fall_v down_o and_o worship_v i_o yes_o say_v they_o that_o be_v very_o true_a of_o the_o adoration_n proper_a to_o god_n but_o what_o be_v that_o for_o they_o say_v there_o be_v no_o outward_a act_n of_o adoration_n but_o be_v common_a to_o god_n and_o his_o creature_n tannerus_n except_v no_o creature_n 19_o inanimate_a or_o animate_v but_o only_o the_o devil_n yet_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v go_v too_o far_o in_o this_o he_o say_v afterward_o that_o physical_o speak_v god_n may_v be_v worship_v in_o any_o creature_n but_o then_o man_n must_v have_v a_o care_n that_o they_o do_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o worship_v the_o thing_n itself_o but_o only_o use_v the_o external_a sign_n of_o divine_a honour_n before_o it_o apply_v they_o to_o what_o be_v represent_v i_o confess_v this_o give_v a_o very_a slender_a account_n of_o our_o saviour_n answer_n for_o it_o seem_v he_o may_v physical_o speak_v have_v worship_v god_n by_o fall_v down_o before_o the_o devil_n all_o the_o danger_n be_v in_o the_o scandal_n and_o indecencie_n of_o it_o but_o be_v do_v in_o a_o wilderness_n the_o scandal_n of_o it_o as_o to_z man_n at_o least_o have_v not_o be_v great_a vasquez_n resolve_v the_o case_n 5._o that_o if_o the_o devil_n appear_v to_o a_o man_n he_o may_v do_v all_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n before_o he_o provide_v he_o be_v not_o well_o assure_v it_o be_v the_o devil_n and_o that_o he_o direct_v his_o worship_n to_o god_n and_o that_o he_o prove_v by_o this_o demonstrative_a argument_n because_o all_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o the_o inward_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o he_o confess_v many_o of_o their_o divine_n allow_v only_o a_o conditional_a adoration_n in_o this_o case_n however_o it_o seem_v our_o saviour_n speak_v a_o little_a too_o peremptory_o in_o utter_o refuse_v it_o upon_o any_o term_n but_o then_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o devil_n be_v too_o fancy_n and_o demand_v the_o absolute_a worship_n proper_a only_o to_o god_n i._n e._n say_v vasquez_n not_o mere_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n 1._o but_o that_o inward_a submission_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v only_o due_a to_o god_n which_o be_v more_o than_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n bellarmine_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o say_v that_o our_o saviour_n refuse_v to_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o latria_n to_o the_o devil_n 14._o by_o which_o it_o seem_v our_o saviour_n do_v not_o answer_v to_o the_o purpose_n for_o the_o devil_n express_v no_o more_o than_o fall_v down_o and_o worship_v he_o which_o according_a to_o they_o may_v be_v do_v without_o latria_n by_o the_o same_o external_a act_n but_o not_o the_o same_o intention_n of_o mind_n which_o not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o he_o that_o demand_v but_o only_o of_o he_o that_o give_v nothing_o have_v be_v more_o necessary_a than_o to_o have_v express_o require_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n otherwise_o the_o devil_n may_v have_v be_v easy_o cheat_v by_o direct_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o external_a act_n quite_o another_o way_n but_o for_o all_o that_o we_o can_v see_v the_o devil_n be_v then_o to_o learn_v these_o subtlety_n however_o this_o now_o serve_v to_o turn_v off_o the_o plain_a place_n that_o will_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o external_a act_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v only_o to_o god_n the_o heretic_n say_v arriaga_n 5._o object_n many_o thing_n out_o of_o scripture_n and_o father_n and_o council_n in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n only_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v but_o to_o all_o these_o we_o answer_v in_o one_o word_n that_o they_o only_o speak_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o god_n and_o so_o they_o will_v have_v answer_v thousand_o of_o place_n more_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v urge_v against_o they_o so_o that_o the_o reserve_v this_o worship_n as_o peculiar_a to_o god_n serve_v they_o to_o very_o good_a purpose_n viz._n to_o turn_v off_o as_o with_o a_o wet_a finger_n whatever_o be_v urge_v against_o they_o so_o bernardus_n pujol_n without_o more_o ado_n send_v away_o all_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n fin_n ad_fw-la loca_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la patrum_fw-la respondemus_fw-la illa_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la esse_fw-la de_fw-la adoratione_n latriae_fw-la quae_fw-la soli_fw-la deo_fw-la tribuitur_fw-la and_o so_o fare_v they_o well_o without_o any_o far_a examination_n and_o yet_o some_o of_o these_o man_n upon_o better_a thought_n have_v conclude_v that_o some_o of_o the_o place_n of_o scripture_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n for_o although_o aquinas_n tannerus_n and_o several_a other_o supra_fw-la answer_v the_o instance_n of_o mordecai_n refuse_v to_o worship_n aman_n with_o the_o common_a shift_n that_o he_o will_v not_o give_v latria_n to_o he_o yet_o cajetan_n suarez_n vasquez_n pujol_n and_o arriaga_n all_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n but_o that_o mordecai_n refuse_v to_o use_v the_o same_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n which_o among_o the_o jew_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o give_v to_o god_n wherein_o cajetan_n think_v aq._n he_o be_v not_o so_o wise_a as_o he_o may_v have_v be_v because_o jacob_n worship_v his_o brother_n esau_n arriaga_n that_o he_o do_v well_o though_o he_o follow_v a_o err_a conscience_n suarez_n vasquez_n and_o pujol_n ib._n that_o he_o do_v prudent_o because_o the_o constant_a use_v of_o that_o act_n of_o adoration_n to_o aman_n which_o among_o they_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n will_v have_v tend_v to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o god_n and_o religion_n and_o have_v be_v a_o great_a scandal_n to_o the_o jew_n neither_o be_v cajetan_n satisfy_v with_o the_o same_o answer_n to_o the_o instance_n of_o st._n john_n offering_n to_o worship_v the_o angel_n for_o this_o be_v say_v he_o to_o charge_v st._n john_n with_o commit_v a_o very_a great_a sin_n which_o the_o angel_n hinder_v he_o from_o the_o consummation_n of_o but_o say_v he_o st._n john_n intend_v no_o more_o than_o the_o great_a external_a act_n of_o reverence_n but_o because_o so_o great_a reverence_n ought_v to_o be_v reserve_v only_o to_o god_n that_o some_o outward_a reverence_n may_v be_v appropriate_v to_o he_o therefore_o the_o angel_n forbid_v he_o give_v it_o to_o he_o suarez_n confess_v that_o it_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o latria_n but_o that_o the_o angel_n put_v it_o off_o with_o a_o compliment_n as_o st._n peter_n do_v to_o cornelius_n and_o with_o he_o the_o rest_n agree_v either_o as_o a_o compliment_n to_o his_o person_n or_o to_o humane_a nature_n since_o the_o incarnation_n but_o aquinas_n pertinent_o say_v it_o be_v to_o avoid_v the_o occasion_n of_o idolatry_n because_o the_o angel_n immediate_o add_v worship_n god_n thus_o far_o we_o find_v they_o go_v in_o the_o avoid_n of_o
on_o he_o but_o because_o he_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n call_v upon_o as_o a_o patron_n and_o advocate_n with_o god_n but_o say_v t._n g._n honour_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o testimony_n or_o protestation_n of_o some_o excellency_n and_o whether_o thanks_o be_v give_v to_o god_n by_o word_n or_o by_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o gift_n and_o grace_n he_o have_v bestow_v on_o such_o a_o person_n it_o be_v a_o evident_a protestation_n of_o such_o excellency_n in_o that_o person_n and_o consequent_o for_o his_o honour_n though_o both_o word_n and_o sacrifice_n be_v direct_v to_o god_n and_o not_o to_o he_o who_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o person_n to_o praise_n god_n for_o he_o but_o the_o question_n be_v if_o sacrifice_n be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o sole_a honour_n of_o god_n how_o the_o honour_n of_o saint_n come_v to_o be_v declare_v by_o it_o for_o a_o man_n who_o understanding_n be_v not_o shrink_v up_o as_o beggar_n arm_n use_v to_o be_v may_v have_v stretch_v it_o at_o least_o so_o far_o as_o to_o have_v consider_v that_o sacrifice_n be_v a_o external_a sign_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n to_o be_v look_v at_o in_o it_o 1._o the_o signification_n of_o that_o sign_n 2._o the_o term_n to_o which_o it_o be_v direct_v now_o the_o main_a thing_n to_o be_v regard_v in_o it_o as_o to_o honour_n be_v not_o the_o direction_n of_o it_o to_o its_o term_n by_o the_o mind_n for_o that_o be_v secret_a but_o the_o external_a signification_n of_o it_o among_o man_n for_o say_v aquinas_n 1._o the_o reason_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v that_o man_n by_o some_o sensible_a external_a act_n shall_v make_v a_o protestation_n by_o offer_v they_o to_o god_n of_o the_o subjection_n and_o honour_n that_o be_v due_a to_o he_o now_o if_o this_o sign_n may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o signify_v any_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a and_o appropriate_a sign_n only_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o testify_v our_o subjection_n to_o god_n and_o to_o return_v the_o kindness_n of_o his_o twitch_n by_o a_o example_n far_o more_o pertinent_a to_o the_o purpose_n than_o his_o be_v how_o strange_a will_v it_o have_v be_v think_v among_o the_o persian_n where_o prostration_n be_v appropriate_v to_o their_o king_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o subjection_n to_o he_o alone_o for_o a_o man_n to_o have_v say_v to_o he_o sir_n i_o fall_v down_o before_o you_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o captain_n of_o your_o guard_n or_o of_o such_o and_o such_o a_o minister_n of_o state_n will_v the_o king_n have_v take_v this_o for_o a_o appropriate_a act_n of_o honour_n to_o himself_o so_o that_o though_o he_o fall_v down_o only_o to_o the_o king_n if_o he_o declare_v he_o intend_v it_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o another_o he_o take_v away_o by_o his_o word_n the_o significancy_n of_o his_o action_n thus_o if_o sacrifice_n be_v so_o appropriate_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n that_o it_o can_v signify_v any_o thing_n else_o than_o it_o be_v nonsense_n to_o sacrifice_v to_o god_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o another_o if_o it_o may_v signify_v any_o thing_n else_o and_o be_v so_o use_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n than_o they_o do_v not_o reserve_v so_o much_o as_o sacrifice_v for_o a_o appropriate_a sign_n of_o the_o absolute_a worship_n of_o god_n 8._o 2._o religious_a adoration_n be_v appropriate_v to_o god_n in_o scripture_n for_o so_o the_o command_n run_v as_o it_o be_v explain_v by_o our_o saviour_n thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v 4.10_o they_o who_o will_v make_v the_o restrictive_a particle_n belong_v to_o the_o latter_a clause_n and_o not_o to_o the_o first_o do_v not_o attend_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o our_o saviour_n use_v these_o word_n 14_o which_o be_v to_o reject_v the_o devil_n temptation_n about_o adoration_n and_o it_o will_v not_o have_v have_v force_n against_o the_o temptation_n if_o man_n be_v more_o at_o liberty_n as_o to_o worship_v than_o they_o be_v as_o to_o service_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o those_o who_o have_v most_o consider_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o of_o the_o body_n either_o by_o incurvation_n or_o prostration_n although_o adoration_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o all_o the_o external_a act_n of_o religious_a worship_n as_o john_n 4.20_o act_n 8.27_o yet_o the_o general_a signification_n of_o it_o be_v that_o act_n of_o religious_a worship_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o so_o adoration_n be_v account_v in_o the_o school_n one_o particular_a part_n of_o proper_a religious_a worship_n aquinas_n 2._o put_v it_o before_o sacrifice_n and_o make_v that_o place_n of_o our_o saviour_n the_o foundation_n of_o it_o and_o among_o external_a sign_n he_o make_v this_o the_o great_a and_o that_o it_o be_v intend_v not_o bare_o to_o declare_v our_o inward_a reverence_n but_o that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o this_o our_o inward_a devotion_n may_v be_v more_o excite_v it_o be_v natural_a for_o we_o to_o proceed_v from_o sensible_a to_o intellectual_a act_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o ysambertus_n 4._o a_o late_a professor_n of_o divinity_n in_o the_o sorbon_n that_o where_o ever_o the_o scripture_n speak_v of_o adoration_n it_o be_v always_o express_v by_o some_o external_a sign_n as_o a_o note_n of_o subjection_n in_o he_o that_o adore_v towards_o he_o that_o be_v adore_v which_o observation_n if_o understand_v of_o a_o corporeal_a sign_n be_v not_o intend_v for_o angel_n but_o man_n for_o adoration_n be_v in_o scripture_n attribute_v to_o angel_n and_o he_o well_o observe_v as_o to_o the_o sense_n of_o aquinas_n that_o he_o must_v make_v the_o external_a sign_n necessary_a to_o the_o formal_a act_n of_o adoration_n because_o he_o rank_n prayer_n among_o the_o internal_a act_n which_o he_o can_v do_v upon_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o prayer_n may_v have_v its_o complete_a act_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o he_o suppose_v that_o adoration_n can_v not_o and_o withal_o he_o prove_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o suarez_n that_o the_o internal_a act_n of_o virtue_n though_o design_v by_o the_o mind_n as_o a_o token_n of_o submission_n to_o god_n can_v be_v the_o proper_a act_n of_o adoration_n because_o they_o be_v not_o adequate_a and_o proportionable_a sign_n to_o express_v our_o submission_n to_o god_n and_o therefore_o damascen_n define_v adoration_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4._o a_o sign_n of_o subjection_n and_o anastasius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o outward_a expression_n of_o honour_n by_o which_o say_v vasquez_n he_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o bare_a honour_n but_o that_o which_o imply_v subjection_n but_o damascen_n yet_o more_o full_o say_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n not_o bare_o of_o honour_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o submission_n and_o humility_n not_o as_o it_o be_v take_v for_o that_o particular_a virtue_n whereby_o a_o inordinate_a value_n of_o ourselves_o be_v repress_v but_o as_o it_o imply_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o god_n superiority_n and_o dominion_n over_o we_o and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o st._n augustine_n 19_o where_o he_o speak_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o peculiar_a to_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n he_o join_v adoration_n and_o sacrifice_n together_o putaverunt_fw-la quidam_fw-la deferendum_fw-la angelis_n honorem_fw-la vel_fw-la adorando_fw-la vel_fw-la sacrificando_fw-la qui_fw-la debetur_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la admonitione_n prohibiti_fw-la jussique_a sunt_fw-la haec_fw-la ei_fw-la defer_v cui_fw-la uni_fw-la fas_fw-la esse_fw-la noverunt_fw-la whereby_o we_o see_v he_o make_v external_a adoration_n as_o peculiar_a to_o god_n as_o sacrifice_v and_o ludovicus_n vives_n there_o say_v that_o he_o mean_v by_o the_o angel_n that_o refuse_v adoration_n the_o angel_n that_o forbid_v st._n john_n and_o bid_v he_o to_o worship_v god_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_v that_o t._n g._n shall_v make_v the_o act_n of_o adoration_n aequivocal_a and_o only_o sacrifice_v according_a to_o st._n augustin_n to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o signify_v the_o absolute_a worship_n of_o god_n for_o st._n augustin_n join_v both_o together_o and_o make_v one_o as_o unlawfal_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o creature_n as_o the_o other_o how_o then_o come_v st._n augustin_n authority_n to_o be_v quit_v for_o the_o one_o and_o so_o greedy_o embrace_v for_o the_o other_o be_v it_o that_o sacrifice_n do_v of_o itself_o more_o proper_o signify_v our_o inward_a and_o total_a subjection_n of_o ourselves_o to_o god_n than_o the_o other_o do_v but_o it_o will_v become_v t._n g_n learning_n to_o inform_v we_o in_o this_o matter_n since_o the_o best_a learned_a of_o their_o
that_o only_o reads_z t._n g._n and_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n will_v imagine_v all_o the_o dispute_n between_o he_o and_o i_o be_v whether_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v any_o honour_n from_o man_n and_o whether_o that_o honour_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n may_v be_v call_v religious_a honour_n or_o no_o this_o be_v indeed_o to_o wrangle_v about_o word_n which_o i_o perfect_o hate_v i_o will_v therefore_o free_o tell_v he_o how_o far_o i_o yield_v in_o this_o matter_n that_o he_o may_v better_o understand_v where_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v 1._o i_o yield_v that_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n do_v deserve_v real_a honour_n and_o esteem_v from_o we_o and_o i_o do_v agree_v with_o mr._n thorndike_n who_o word_n he_o cite_v therein_o that_o to_o dispute_v whether_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o honour_v the_o saint_n be_v to_o dispute_v whether_o we_o be_v to_o be_v christian_n or_o whether_o we_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v saint_n in_o heaven_n for_o on_o supposition_n that_o we_o believe_v that_o the_o great_a excellency_n of_o man_n mind_n come_v from_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n communicate_v to_o man_n through_o jesus_n christ_n and_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o such_o person_n now_o in_o heaven_n be_v possess_v of_o those_o excellency_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o than_o esteem_n and_o honour_v they_o for_o honour_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o due_a apprehension_n of_o another_o excellency_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o degree_n of_o those_o excellency_n since_o therefore_o we_o believe_v the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n be_v possess_v of_o they_o in_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o they_o be_v on_o earth_n our_o esteem_n of_o they_o must_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o perfection_n 2._o that_o the_o honour_n we_o have_v for_o they_o may_v be_v call_v religious_a honour_n because_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o we_o may_v call_v religious_a excellency_n as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o mere_a natural_a endowment_n and_o civil_a accomplishment_n on_o which_o account_n i_o will_v grant_v that_o be_v not_o proper_o civil_a honour_n because_o the_o motive_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o one_o be_v real_o different_a from_o the_o other_o and_o although_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o christ_n in_o heaven_n and_o earth_n make_v up_o one_o body_n yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o society_n be_v so_o different_a from_o a_o civil_a society_n that_o a_o different_a title_n and_o denomination_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o honour_n which_o belong_v to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o of_o the_o triumphant_a church_n may_v the_o better_o be_v call_v religious_a because_o it_o be_v a_o honour_n which_o particular_o descend_v from_o the_o object_n of_o religion_n viz._n god_n himself_o as_o the_o fountain_n of_o it_o as_o civil_a honour_n do_v from_o the_o head_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n 3._o that_o this_o honour_n may_v be_v express_v in_o such_o outward_a act_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o herein_o lie_v a_o considerable_a difference_n between_o the_o honour_n of_o man_n for_o natural_a and_o acquire_v excellency_n and_o divine_a grace_n that_o those_o have_v more_o of_o humane_a nature_n in_o they_o the_o honour_n do_v more_o direct_o redound_v to_o the_o possessor_n of_o they_o but_o in_o divine_a grace_n which_o be_v more_o immediate_o convey_v into_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n through_o a_o supernatural_a assistance_n the_o honour_n do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o giver_n of_o they_o therefore_o the_o most_o agreeable_a expression_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o saint_n be_v solemn_a thanksgiving_n to_o god_n for_o they_o for_o thereby_o we_o acknowledge_v the_o true_a fountain_n of_o all_o the_o good_a they_o do_v or_o receive_v however_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o man_n to_o follow_v their_o example_n and_o to_o perpetuate_v their_o memory_n the_o primitive_a christian_n think_v it_o very_o fit_v to_o meet_v at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n there_o to_o praise_n god_n for_o they_o and_o to_o perform_v other_o office_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o god_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o anniversary_n of_o their_o suffering_n and_o to_o have_v panegyric_n make_v to_o set_v forth_o their_o virtue_n to_o excite_v other_o the_o more_o to_o their_o imitation_n thus_o far_o i_o free_o yield_v to_o t._n g._n to_o let_v he_o see_v what_o pitiful_a cavil_v those_o be_v that_o if_o man_n deserve_v honour_n for_o natural_a or_o supernatural_a endowment_n sure_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n much_o more_o do_v so_o who_o deny_v it_o we_o give_v the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n the_o utmost_a honour_n we_o dare_v give_v without_o rob_v god_n of_o that_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o which_o be_v that_o of_o religious_a worship_n and_o consist_v in_o the_o acknowledgement_n we_o make_v of_o god_n supreme_a excellency_n together_o with_o his_o power_n and_o dominion_n over_o we_o and_o so_o religious_a worship_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n 1._o such_o external_a act_n of_o religion_n which_o god_n have_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o 2._o such_o a_o inward_a submission_n of_o our_o soul_n as_o imply_v his_o superiority_n over_o they_o and_o that_o lie_v as_o to_o worship_n 1._o in_o prayer_n to_o he_o for_o what_o we_o want_v 2._o in_o dependence_n upon_o he_o for_o help_n and_o assistance_n 3._o in_o thankfulness_n to_o he_o for_o what_o we_o receive_v prayer_n be_v a_o signification_n of_o want_n and_o the_o expression_n of_o our_o desire_n of_o obtain_v that_o which_o we_o need_v and_o whosoever_o beg_v any_o thing_n of_o another_o do_v in_o so_o do_v not_o only_o acknowledge_v his_o own_o indigency_n but_o the_o other_o power_n to_o supply_v he_o therefore_o suarez_n true_o observe_v from_o aquinas_n 3._o that_o as_o command_n be_v towards_o inferior_n so_o be_v prayer_n towards_o superior_n now_o to_o this_o say_v he_o two_o thing_n be_v requisite_a 1._o that_o a_o man_n apprehend_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o give_v what_o we_o ask_v 2._o that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v it_o if_o it_o be_v ask_v of_o he_o the_o expectation_n of_o the_o performance_n of_o our_o desire_n be_v that_o we_o call_v dependence_n upon_o he_o for_o help_n and_o assistance_n and_o our_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o do_v it_o be_v thankfulness_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v prayer_n as_o a_o part_n of_o religious_a worship_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v on_o what_o account_n it_o come_v to_o be_v so_o not_o as_o though_o thereby_o we_o do_v discover_v any_o thing_n to_o god_n which_o he_o do_v not_o know_v before_o nor_o as_o though_o we_o hope_v to_o change_v his_o will_n upon_o our_o prayer_n but_o that_o thereby_o we_o profess_v our_o subjection_n to_o he_o and_o our_o dependence_n on_o he_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o our_o necessity_n for_o although_o prayer_n be_v look_v on_o by_o we_o as_o the_o mean_n to_o obtain_v our_o request_n yet_o the_o consideration_n upon_o which_o that_o become_v a_o mean_n be_v that_o thereby_o we_o express_v our_o most_o humble_a dependence_n upon_o god_n it_o be_v the_o difference_n observe_v by_o gul._n parisiensis_fw-la between_o humane_a and_o divine_a prayer_n 2._o that_o prayer_n among_o man_n be_v suppose_v a_o mean_n to_o change_v the_o person_n to_o who_o we_o pray_v but_o prayer_n to_o god_n do_v not_o change_v he_o but_o fit_v we_o for_o receive_v the_o thing_n pray_v for_o this_o one_o consideration_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n towards_o the_o resolution_n of_o our_o present_a question_n than_o have_v be_v hitherto_o imagine_v for_o the_o question_n of_o invocation_n do_v not_o depend_v so_o much_o upon_o the_o manner_n of_o obtain_v the_o thing_n we_o desire_v i._n e._n whether_o we_o pray_v to_o the_o saint_n to_o obtain_v thing_n by_o their_o merit_n and_o intercession_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o in_o the_o roman_a church_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o do_v bestow_v the_o thing_n themselves_o upon_o we_o which_o they_o deny_v but_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n be_v this_o whether_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n which_o be_v allow_v and_o practise_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n they_o do_v not_o give_v that_o worship_n to_o saint_n which_o be_v only_o peculiar_a to_o god_n now_o we_o be_v far_a to_o consider_v wherein_o that_o act_n of_o worship_n towards_o god_n do_v lie_v which_o be_v not_o in_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o we_o apprehend_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o independent_a cause_n of_o all_o good_a but_o in_o a_o act_n of_o dependence_n upon_o he_o for_o the_o
in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o what_o that_o worship_n do_v consist_v in_o 124._o which_o he_o there_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o we_o be_v certain_a what_o he_o mean_v by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d before_o and_o so_o he_o reckon_v up_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o prayer_n or_o supplication_n and_o then_o vow_n hymn_n oblation_n and_o sacrifice_n the_o give_v of_o any_o of_o these_o to_o saint_n be_v to_o worship_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o as_o the_o ignorant_a or_o wilful_o blind_a writer_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n when_o they_o meet_v with_o this_o word_n they_o cry_v out_o present_o mark_v that_o not_o with_o latria_n and_o present_o imagine_v that_o what_o sense_n a_o word_n have_v obtain_v among_o they_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o it_o in_o the_o father_n it_o must_v needs_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o the_o sense_n of_o word_n have_v be_v so_o strange_o pervert_v by_o they_o as_o will_n more_o particular_o appear_v by_o this_o very_a distinction_n of_o latria_n and_o dulia_n which_o they_o make_v s._n augustine_n the_o author_n of_o but_o have_v carry_v it_o far_o beyond_o his_o meaning_n i_o come_v therefore_o to_o consider_v s._n augustine_n mind_n in_o this_o matter_n 21._o which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o oblige_v to_o do_v since_o t._n g._n so_o unreasonable_o triumph_v in_o s._n augustine_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o be_v not_o only_o content_a to_o drag_v i_o at_o his_o chariot_n wheel_n but_o he_o make_v a_o show_n of_o i_o and_o call_v people_n to_o see_v by_o my_o example_n to_o what_o miserable_a shift_n and_o disingenuous_a art_n they_o be_v put_v 431._o who_o will_v shut_v their_o eye_n and_o fight_v against_o the_o light_n of_o a_o noonday_n truth_n when_o i_o first_o read_v these_o word_n i_o begin_v to_o rub_v my_o eye_n and_o to_o look_v about_o i_o and_o to_o wonder_v what_o the_o matter_n be_v and_o i_o find_v myself_o as_o willing_a to_o see_v light_a as_o another_o and_o my_o conscience_n never_o yet_o accuse_v i_o of_o use_v disingenuous_a art_n in_o deal_v with_o they_o if_z t._n g._n can_v clear_v himself_o as_o well_o it_o be_v the_o better_a for_o he_o i_o be_o sure_a by_o stander_n have_v not_o think_v so_o as_o appear_v at_o large_a by_o dr._n whitby_n especial_o in_o his_o last_o chapter_n against_o he_o but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n to_o recriminate_a hope_v sufficient_o to_o clear_v myself_o in_o this_o matter_n it_o seem_v i_o have_v say_v that_o s._n augustine_n deny_v that_o any_o religious_a worship_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o martyr_n this_o t._n g._n again_o say_v i_o can_v not_o affirm_v without_o shut_v my_o eye_n and_o yet_o i_o thank_v god_n by_o the_o help_n of_o my_o eye_n i_o find_v s._n augustin_n say_v the_o same_o thing_n still_o for_o be_v it_o not_o s._n augustin_n that_o say_v non_fw-la sit_fw-la nobis_fw-la religio_fw-la cultus_fw-la hominum_fw-la mortuorum_fw-la 55._o let_v not_o the_o worship_n of_o dead_a man_n be_v any_o part_n of_o our_o religion_n for_o if_o they_o have_v live_v pious_o they_o do_v not_o desire_v such_o honour_n from_o we_o but_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o worship_v he_o by_o who_o we_o may_v become_v partaker_n of_o their_o happiness_n honorandi_fw-la ergo_fw-la sunt_fw-la propter_fw-la imitationem_fw-la non_fw-la adorandi_fw-la propter_fw-la religionem_fw-la be_v it_o possible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o speak_v plain_a than_o s._n austin_n do_v that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o have_v religious_a worship_n give_v to_o they_o but_o such_o honour_n as_o may_v excite_v we_o to_o a_o imitation_n of_o they_o and_o this_o not_o by_o chance_n or_o in_o some_o incoherent_a passage_n but_o in_o a_o set_a discourse_n on_o purpose_n where_o he_o argue_v with_o strong_a reason_n against_o the_o religious_a worship_n of_o angel_n as_o well_o as_o saint_n to_o the_o end_n of_o that_o book_n and_o say_v the_o utmost_a they_o expect_v from_o we_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o our_o love_n and_o not_o of_o our_o service_n and_o therefore_o s._n augustin_n do_v not_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d understand_v the_o service_n of_o saint_n and_o angel_n which_o he_o there_o dispute_v against_o from_o our_o happiness_n come_v only_o from_o god_n our_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o god_n the_o angel_n prohibit_v s._n john_n to_o worship_v he_o and_o bid_v he_o to_o worship_n god_n and_o that_o the_o very_a name_n of_o religion_n be_v from_o tie_v our_o soul_n to_o god_n alone_o whosoever_o of_o the_o angel_n love_v god_n say_v he_o love_v i_o for_o worship_v he_o and_o he_o that_o have_v god_n favour_n have_v the_o favour_n of_o all_o that_o be_v good_a therefore_o let_v our_o religion_n bind_v we_o fast_o to_o one_o omnipotent_a god_n between_o who_o and_o we_o there_o be_v no_o creature_n interpose_v with_o much_o more_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v it_o not_o the_o same_o s._n austin_n that_o say_v joh._n haec_fw-la est_fw-la religio_fw-la christiana_n ut_fw-la colatur_fw-la unus_fw-la deus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o worship_v one_o god_n and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o god_n only_o can_v make_v the_o soul_n happy_a for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v make_v happy_a only_o by_o the_o participation_n of_o god_n and_o not_o of_o a_o bless_a soul_n or_o angel_n not_o as_o though_o this_o be_v intend_v only_o against_o the_o expectation_n of_o our_o blessedness_n whole_o from_o saint_n or_o angel_n but_o he_o make_v use_v of_o this_o as_o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o worship_n god_n alone_o who_o only_o be_v able_a to_o make_v we_o happy_a be_v it_o not_o the_o same_o s._n austin_n that_o say_v this_o be_v the_o character_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n 34._o that_o it_o unite_v we_o only_o to_o one_o god_n without_o give_v worship_n to_o any_o other_o be_v how_o excellent_a soever_o and_o he_o look_v on_o this_o as_o a_o divine_a and_o singular_a part_n of_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n nullam_fw-la creaturam_fw-la colendam_fw-la esse_fw-la animae_fw-la that_o no_o creature_n have_v the_o worship_n of_o our_o soul_n what_o do_v he_o then_o think_v of_o pray_v to_o creature_n not_o only_o with_o our_o voice_n but_o our_o mind_n too_o as_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n say_v it_o be_v profitable_a for_o we_o to_o do_v and_o not_o only_o for_o their_o prayer_n but_o for_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n but_o say_v good_a s._n austin_n the_o most_o wise_a and_o perfect_a man_n the_o most_o accomplish_a and_o happy_a soul_n be_v only_o to_o be_v love_v and_o imitate_v and_o honour_v give_v to_o it_o according_a to_o its_o desert_n and_o order_n for_o thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v can_v any_o man_n speak_v more_o plain_o and_o full_o against_o give_v any_o religious_a worship_n to_o creature_n than_o he_o do_v be_v it_o not_o the_o same_o s._n austin_n that_o tell_v maximus_n madaurensis_fw-la 45._o that_o in_o the_o christian_a church_n none_o that_o be_v dead_a be_v worship_v and_o nothing_o adore_v as_o god_n that_o be_v make_v by_o god_n but_o only_o one_o god_n who_o create_v all_o thing_n here_o t._n g._n smile_n and_o think_v to_o avoid_v this_o present_o for_o s._n austin_n speak_v of_o any_o thing_n be_v adore_v as_o god_n which_o they_o abhor_v to_o do_v but_o his_o smile_n will_v be_v soon_o over_o if_o he_o consider_v what_o be_v adore_v as_o god_n there_o mean_v for_o no_o one_o ever_o suspect_v that_o the_o christian_n believe_v the_o martyr_n to_o be_v the_o supreme_a god_n but_o only_o that_o they_o worship_v they_o as_o god_n of_o a_o low_a rank_n by_o participation_n from_o the_o supreme_a and_o be_v not_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n say_v and_o defend_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o the_o saint_n be_v god_n by_o participation_n and_o they_o have_v the_o care_n and_o government_n of_o the_o church_n commit_v to_o they_o and_o on_o that_o account_n be_v worship_v and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o be_v adore_v as_o god_n in_o s._n augustine_n sense_n i_o know_v not_o what_o be_v be_v it_o not_o the_o same_o s._n austin_n that_o undertake_v to_o prove_v against_o the_o platonist_n 9.23_o that_o good_a spirit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v worship_v per_fw-la tale_n religionis_fw-la obsequium_fw-la by_o such_o religious_a worship_n very_o right_n say_v t._n g._n not_o by_o the_o worship_n of_o sacrifice_n but_o s._n austin_n say_v neither_o sacris_fw-la nor_o sacrificiis_fw-la which_o two_o comprehend_v all_o the_o rite_n of_o religious_a worship_n which_o be_v then_o use_v for_o he_o make_v use_v of_o several_a phrase_n to_o express_v the_o act_n of_o religious_a worship_n sometime_o by_o join_v those_o two_o
lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o that_o we_o be_v his_o offspring_n therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o think_v that_o the_o godhead_n be_v like_a unto_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o stone_n grave_v by_o art_n or_o man_n device_n where_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o speak_v mere_o against_o their_o other_o object_n of_o worship_n beside_o the_o true_a god_n nor_o their_o suppose_v their_o god_n to_o be_v present_a in_o their_o image_n nor_o take_v their_o image_n for_o god_n but_o against_o their_o supposition_n that_o there_o be_v any_o resemblance_n between_o god_n and_o their_o image_n or_o that_o he_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v any_o honour_n by_o they_o the_o same_o argument_n i_o add_v s._n paul_n use_v to_o the_o roman_n 1.19_o speak_v of_o those_o in_o who_o that_o which_o may_v be_v know_v of_o god_n be_v manifest_a even_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n yet_o these_o person_n who_o know_v god_n 21._o do_v not_o glorify_v he_o as_o god_n but_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n etc._n etc._n where_o change_v his_o glory_n into_o image_n be_v i_o say_v 23._o immediate_o oppose_v to_o the_o glorify_v he_o as_o god_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n so_o that_o these_o two_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o each_o other_o to_o glorify_v god_n by_o a_o image_n and_o to_o glorify_v he_o as_o god_n for_o here_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o discourse_n against_o the_o most_o gross_a and_o sottish_a idolater_n of_o the_o heathen_n but_o as_o s._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v against_o the_o philosopher_n and_o the_o wise_a among_o they_o who_o although_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o opinion_n of_o religion_n extreme_o from_o the_o vulgar_a yet_o they_o concur_v with_o they_o in_o all_o the_o external_a practice_n of_o idolatry_n and_o therefore_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o charge_v they_o with_o false_a notion_n of_o a_o deity_n for_o he_o say_v that_o they_o hold_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n 21._o and_o that_o they_o do_v know_v god_n but_o they_o show_v their_o vanity_n and_o folly_n in_o think_v they_o have_v find_v out_o subtle_a way_n of_o defend_v the_o common_a idolatry_n among_o they_o and_o instead_o of_o oppose_v they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o wit_n to_o excuse_v they_o to_o which_o i_o add_v this_o material_a observation_n that_o the_o most_o intelligent_a heathen_n do_v never_o look_v on_o their_o image_n as_o any_o other_o than_o symbol_n or_o representation_n of_o that_o be_v to_o which_o they_o give_v divine_a worship_n for_o which_o purpose_n i_o produce_v several_a testimony_n of_o celsus_n porphyry_n athanasius_n arnobius_n s._n augustin_n max._n tyrius_n julian_n and_o eusebius_n from_o whence_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o these_o man_n who_o worship_v image_n on_o those_o ground_n do_v amiss_o or_o no_o in_o it_o i_o do_v not_o ask_v as_o my_o word_n be_v express_o whether_o they_o be_v mistake_v as_o to_o the_o object_n of_o their_o worship_n but_o on_o supposition_n they_o be_v not_o whether_o they_o be_v to_o blame_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o serve_v god_n by_o image_n in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o they_o describe_v if_o not_o wherefore_o do_v s._n paul_n pitch_n upon_o that_o to_o condemn_v they_o for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o not_o all_o to_o blame_v in_o he_o ought_v i_o say_v to_o have_v do_v as_o the_o jesuit_n in_o china_n do_v who_o never_o condemn_v the_o people_n for_o worship_v image_n 588_o but_o for_o worship_v false_a god_n by_o they_o and_o persuade_v they_o not_o to_o lay_v they_o aside_o but_o to_o convert_v they_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o so_o melt_v down_o their_o former_a image_n and_o make_v new_a one_o of_o they_o can_v we_o imagine_v s._n paul_n mean_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o he_o blame_v man_n not_o for_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v god_n but_o that_o god_n can_v be_v worship_v by_o the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n and_o for_o change_v thereby_o the_o glory_n due_a to_o god_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o infinite_a and_o incorruptible_a be_v into_o mean_a and_o unworthy_a image_n think_v thereby_o to_o give_v honour_n to_o he_o and_o upon_o these_o ground_n i_o there_o show_v that_o the_o primitive_a father_n dispute_v against_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n 8._o for_o the_o make_v use_n of_o corporeal_a representation_n make_v the_o deity_n contemptible_a say_v clemens_n of_o alexandria_n 559._o origen_n say_v 375._o that_o christian_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o image_n because_o of_o the_o second_o commandment_n and_o on_o that_o account_n will_v rather_o die_v than_o defile_v themselves_o with_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o one_o that_o know_v god_n shall_v pray_v to_o they_o that_o it_o be_v no_o sufficient_a excuse_n to_o say_v they_o do_v not_o take_v they_o for_o god_n but_o only_o for_o symbol_n or_o representation_n of_o they_o for_o they_o must_v be_v ignorant_a mean_a and_o unlearned_a person_n who_o can_v imagine_v the_o work_n of_o a_o artificer_n can_v be_v any_o representation_n of_o a_o deity_n i_o show_v further_o 6._o that_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a heathen_n themselves_o condemn_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o image_n as_o incongruous_a to_o a_o divine_a nature_n and_o a_o disparagement_n to_o the_o deity_n as_o zeno_n xenophanes_n antisthenes_n xenophon_n numa_n varro_n and_o many_o other_o 2._o have_v thus_o lay_v down_o so_o much_o of_o my_o former_a discourse_n together_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o understand_v the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v what_o t._n g._n do_v answer_n to_o it_o 1._o to_o the_o place_n of_o s._n paul_n act_v 17.24_o and_o rom._n 1.19_o he_o say_v that_o no_o one_o ever_o deny_v the_o unsuitableness_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o such_o image_n to_o the_o divine_a nature_n 96._o as_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v proper_a likeness_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o divinity_n of_o which_o s._n paul_n speak_v in_o the_o first_o place_n or_o of_o the_o image_n of_o the_o false_a god_n of_o the_o heathen_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v in_o the_o latter_a in_o reply_n to_o this_o i_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o place_n act_v 17.24_o where_o he_o say_v it_o be_v plain_a from_o s._n paul_n word_n that_o they_o think_v the_o divinity_n to_o be_v like_a to_o the_o image_n they_o make_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o this_o be_v a_o mighty_a argument_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o s._n paul_n to_o drive_v that_o erroneous_a conceit_n out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o athenian_n who_o believe_v the_o divinity_n to_o be_v like_o the_o image_n they_o make_v but_o none_o at_o all_o from_o my_o pen_n against_o catholic_n who_o detest_v the_o thought_n of_o have_v or_o make_v any_o such_o image_n this_o then_o be_v the_o question_n between_o we_o whether_o s._n paul_n discourse_n against_o the_o athenian_n do_v proceed_v only_o on_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o divinity_n be_v like_a to_o their_o image_n or_o whether_o the_o dissimilitude_n between_o they_o be_v not_o make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o apostle_n as_o a_o argument_n to_o show_v that_o image_n be_v not_o a_o proper_a suitable_a mean_n whereby_o to_o worship_v god_n for_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o apostle_n scope_n and_o design_n which_o certain_o be_v to_o convince_v they_o of_o their_o idolatry_n for_o it_o be_v say_v ver_fw-la 16._o that_o his_o spirit_n be_v stir_v within_o he_o when_o he_o see_v the_o city_n whole_o give_v to_o idolatry_n and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o speech_n he_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o bigoterie_n in_o the_o heathen_a worship_n ver_fw-la 22._o &_o 23._o that_o among_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n idol_n say_v theophylact_v he_o have_v espy_v a_o altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n to_o the_o unknown_a god_n and_o upon_o this_o he_o take_v a_o occasion_n more_o full_o to_o discover_v he_o who_o they_o ignorant_o worship_v and_o withal_o to_o show_v the_o unreasonableness_n of_o their_o worship_a god_n at_o all_o by_o image_n if_o the_o apostle_n design_n have_v be_v as_o t._n g._n imagine_v to_o drive_v that_o erroneous_a conceit_n out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o athenian_n that_o the_o divinity_n be_v like_a to_o their_o image_n his_o spirit_n shall_v not_o have_v be_v move_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o their_o image_n but_o at_o their_o discourse_n about_o they_o when_o he_o hear_v they_o own_o the_o divinity_n to_o be_v like_o they_o for_o in_o case_n they_o only_o look_v on_o their_o image_n as_o help_n to_o their_o devotion_n or_o as_o analogical_a representation_n of_o some_o divine_a perfection_n although_o they_o do_v worship_n god_n by_o they_o t._n g._n must_v think_v then_o s._n paul_n a_o
law_n give_v by_o moses_n 559._o against_o the_o make_n any_o image_n of_o god_n in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v and_o which_o he_o there_o assert_n to_o be_v still_o obligatory_a to_o christian_n but_o although_o he_o there_o repeat_v the_o command_n at_o large_a against_o all_o sort_n of_o image_n yet_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o he_o go_v about_o to_o set_v down_o all_o the_o commandment_n this_o by_o some_o artificial_a hand_n be_v convey_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o the_o second_o commandment_n be_v 682._o thou_o shall_v not_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v i_o not_o a_o little_a wonder_n find_v clemens_n so_o often_o in_o other_o place_n express_v his_o zeal_n against_o image_n but_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o guess_v what_o hand_n his_o greek_a copy_n have_v pass_v through_o since_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n yet_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o leave_v so_o much_o evidence_n of_o their_o foul_a deal_n behind_o they_o for_o within_o few_o page_n 688._o he_o say_v the_o ten_o commandment_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o concupiscence_n and_o therefore_o the_o precept_n against_o image_n must_v be_v a_o distinct_a command_n to_o make_v up_o the_o number_n so_o that_o sylburgius_n just_o complain_v that_o the_o place_n be_v mutilate_v if_o clemens_n do_v not_o think_v this_o precept_n concern_v christian_n he_o will_v never_o have_v object_v it_o as_o a_o absurdity_n against_o a_o sort_n of_o gnostic_n that_o think_v themselves_o bind_v to_o oppose_v the_o law_n why_o then_o say_v he_o when_o god_n say_v 441._o thou_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o graven_n image_n you_o be_v best_o go_v and_o worship_n image_n by_o all_o which_o we_o see_v that_o he_o think_v the_o precept_n to_o be_v still_o in_o force_n and_o that_o it_o be_v intend_v against_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o those_o image_n such_o as_o respect_n god_n and_o not_o mere_o the_o heathen_a idol_n origen_n say_v 375._o that_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o that_o law_n thou_o shall_v not_o make_v to_o thyself_o any_o graven_n image_n the_o christian_n will_v rather_o die_v than_o defile_v their_o faith_n with_o such_o impiety_n as_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o therefore_o their_o case_n be_v very_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o scythian_n numidian_n seres_n and_o persian_n with_o who_o celsus_n join_v they_o in_o the_o contempt_n of_o image_n when_o symmachus_n plead_v with_o valentinian_n for_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o pagan_a religion_n 54._o on_o this_o pretence_n that_o the_o same_o god_n be_v worship_v by_o all_o and_o that_o by_o several_a way_n man_n aim_v at_o the_o same_o end_n s._n ambrose_n answer_v 2._o that_o god_n himself_o be_v fit_a to_o teach_v what_o way_n he_o will_v be_v serve_v in_o you_o worship_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n we_o account_v it_o a_o injury_n to_o god_n to_o call_v anything_o by_o his_o name_n that_o can_v be_v make_v by_o man_n non_fw-la vult_fw-la se_fw-la deus_fw-la in_o lapidibus_fw-la coli_fw-la god_n have_v declare_v he_o will_v not_o be_v worship_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n whereby_o we_o see_v the_o primitive_a christian_n fix_v themselves_o on_o the_o command_n of_o god_n as_o upon_o a_o immovable_a rock_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v show_v in_o this_o place_n that_o the_o controversy_n between_o the_o christian_n and_o heathen_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v not_o whether_o they_o be_v proper_a likeness_n of_o god_n from_o the_o apprehension_n they_o have_v of_o their_o image_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o show_v it_o 2._o from_o the_o notion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o go_n and_o here_o i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 11._o exclude_v those_o who_o in_o truth_n be_v atheist_n and_o not_o idolater_n i_o mean_v the_o epicurean_a philosopher_n who_o although_o they_o seem_v to_o assert_v some_o pleasant_a being_n that_o live_v in_o perfect_a ease_n far_o from_o the_o noise_n and_o smoke_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o they_o utter_o overthrow_v all_o foundation_n of_o worship_n in_o prayer_n or_o sacrifice_n by_o deny_v the_o god_n to_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o the_o action_n of_o man_n for_o fear_v of_o disturb_v their_o sweet_a repose_n these_o indeed_o make_v their_o god_n like_o man_n but_o so_o thin_a and_o airy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o bear_v the_o least_o justle_n of_o atom_n and_o so_o quiet_a and_o still_o that_o the_o least_o thought_n of_o business_n will_v destroy_v their_o happiness_n these_o be_v only_o make_v for_o fine_a idea_n to_o amuse_v the_o people_n with_o but_o any_o one_o may_v see_v that_o they_o be_v never_o intend_v for_o the_o object_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o plutarch_n and_o athenaeus_n say_v 27._o that_o epicurus_n take_v away_o all_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n however_o he_o comply_v with_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o the_o people_n and_o when_o he_o lift_v up_o his_o hand_n to_o his_o mouth_n in_o token_n of_o adoration_n he_o can_v not_o but_o laugh_v through_o his_o finger_n at_o the_o god_n they_o worship_v but_o we_o may_v see_v by_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o academic_a and_o stoic_a with_o the_o epicurean_a in_o cicero_n how_o much_o they_o abhor_v this_o epicurean_a doctrine_n of_o the_o god_n be_v like_a to_o man_n and_o velleius_n the_o epicurean_a do_v in_o effect_n confess_v there_o be_v no_o philosopher_n of_o that_o mind_n beside_o themselves_o for_o he_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o other_o philosopher_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o god_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o to_o discover_v that_o this_o opinion_n be_v peculiar_a to_o their_o own_o sect._n he_o acknowledge_v that_o thales_n assert_v god_n to_o be_v a_o eternal_a mind_n which_o frame_v all_o thing_n out_o of_o water_n 25._o even_o anaximander_n and_o anaximenes_n who_o hold_v only_o material_a god_n or_o first_o principle_n for_o even_o the_o atheist_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v matter_n believe_v to_o be_v a_o god_n by_o they_o to_o avoid_v the_o odium_fw-la of_o atheism_n among_o the_o people_n yet_o these_o reject_v a_o humane_a form_n at_o which_o the_o epicurean_a be_v displease_v as_o though_o they_o may_v have_v flatter_v the_o people_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o fashion_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o deity_n some_o have_v undertake_v to_o clear_a anaximenes_n and_o to_o make_v he_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o thales_n 40._o concern_v a_o incorporeal_a deity_n say_v that_o by_o air_n he_o mean_v only_o a_o divine_a spirit_n and_o therefore_o in_o plutarch_n he_o compare_v it_o to_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n 3._o which_o be_v air_n do_v animate_v the_o body_n and_o diogenes_n apolloniates_n his_o disciple_n hold_v air_n only_o for_o matter_n 2._o and_o reason_n for_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o st._n augustin_n tell_v we_o however_o anaxagoras_n another_o disciple_n of_o anaximenes_n be_v confess_v by_o velleius_n to_o hold_v god_n to_o be_v a_o infinite_a and_o active_a mind_n free_a from_o all_o mixture_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o word_n of_o anaxagoras_n in_o simplicius_n do_v express_v his_o meaning_n aldi_n and_o s._n augustin_n under_o take_v his_o vindication_n against_o the_o epicurean_a objection_n which_o suppose_v it_o impossible_a for_o we_o to_o understand_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o mind_n without_o the_o conjunction_n of_o sense_n and_o matter_n pythagoras_n say_v that_o god_n be_v a_o quicken_a spirit_n diffuse_v through_o the_o world_n which_o be_v best_a express_v by_o virgil_n in_o those_o word_n after_o the_o sense_n of_o pythagoras_n spiritus_fw-la intus_fw-la alit_fw-la totosque_fw-la infusa_fw-la per_fw-la artus_fw-la mens_fw-la agitat_fw-la molem_fw-la &_o magno_fw-la se_fw-la corpore_fw-la miscet_fw-la etc._n xenophanes_n fall_v under_o the_o same_o condemnation_n with_o the_o rest_n for_o assert_v god_n to_o be_v a_o mind_n but_o he_o go_v somewhat_o far_o for_o in_o the_o verse_n cite_v out_o of_o he_o by_o the_o father_n 5._o he_o say_v that_o god_n be_v like_a to_o man_n neither_o in_o body_n nor_o in_o mind_n and_o for_o man_n to_o make_v a_o image_n of_o god_n like_v to_o themselves_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o a_o horse_n shall_v paint_v he_o with_o a_o long_a tail_n and_o four_o foot_n if_o he_o have_v understanding_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o representation_n of_o the_o deity_n or_o a_o ox_n or_o a_o lion_n shall_v draw_v he_o by_o their_o own_o figure_n parmenides_n make_v god_n to_o be_v of_o a_o circular_a figure_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o crown_n or_o orb_n of_o light_n compass_v about_o the_o heaven_n whatever_o the_o opinion_n of_o alcmaeon_n empedocles_n protagoras_n diogenes_n apolloniates_n be_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o epicurean_a despise_v they_o all_o because_o they_o either_o appear_v too_o doubtful_a and_o obscure_a in_o
respect_n to_o those_o who_o he_o utter_o disow_v nay_o the_o prophet_n hosea_n say_v 9_o that_o god_n be_v still_o the_o holy_a one_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o ephraim_n and_o how_o shall_v i_o give_v thou_o up_o ephraim_n how_o shall_v i_o deliver_v thou_o israel_n which_o show_v god_n have_v not_o yet_o discard_v they_o and_o afterward_o he_o say_v to_o israel_n 14.1_o return_v unto_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o amos_n say_v 4.12.8.2_o prepare_v to_o meet_v thy_o god_n o_o israel_n and_o both_o he_o and_o micah_n 3._o call_v they_o still_o god_n people_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o be_v still_o a_o true_a church_n notwithstanding_o the_o idolatry_n of_o jeroboam_fw-la 2._o suppose_v a_o church_n to_o continue_v a_o true_a church_n what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v to_o question_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o church_n as_o to_o the_o consecration_n of_o bishop_n or_o the_o ordination_n of_o priest_n i_o have_v former_o show_v that_o no_o act_n of_o ordination_n be_v invalid_a in_o case_n of_o any_o heresy_n or_o crime_n of_o the_o giver_n sin_n and_o that_o the_o contrary_a doctrine_n be_v condemn_v for_o heresy_n by_o the_o church_n i_o now_o shall_v particular_o show_v that_o the_o power_n of_o give_v order_n be_v not_o take_v away_o by_o the_o guilt_n of_o idolatry_n which_o i_o prove_v from_o the_o case_n of_o the_o arian_n bishop_n i_o have_v at_o large_a make_v it_o manifest_v 17._o that_o the_o arian_n be_v condemn_v for_o idolatry_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o father_n of_o great_a reputation_n s._n athanasius_n s._n basil_n s._n gregory_n nazianzen_n nyssen_n epiphanius_n s._n chrysostom_n s._n ambrose_n s._n augustin_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n say_v 411._o that_o the_o catholic_n church_n look_v on_o they_o as_o idolater_n now_o if_o i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o arian_n ordination_n be_v allow_v i_o shall_v put_v this_o matter_n past_o dispute_n that_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n do_v not_o null_a the_o ordination_n of_o our_o church_n as_o be_v derive_v from_o those_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n for_o this_o purpose_n the_o second_o nicene_n council_n afford_v we_o plentiful_a assistance_n in_o the_o first_o session_n wherein_o peter_n the_o pope_n vicar_n declare_v that_o meletius_n be_v ordain_v by_o arian_n bishop_n 82._o and_o yet_o his_o ordination_n be_v never_o question_v and_o this_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o council_n as_o true_a epiphanius_n socrates_n and_o sozomon_n all_o agree_v 28._o that_o meletius_n receive_v his_o consecration_n from_o the_o arian_n faction_n and_o epiphanius_n say_v he_o have_v it_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o acacius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n the_o worst_a of_o all_o the_o arian_n say_v baronius_n 52._o socrates_n and_o sozomen_n do_v seem_v to_o imply_v that_o the_o follower_n of_o eustathius_n at_o antioch_n will_v not_o join_v with_o meletius_n and_o his_o party_n though_o both_o consent_n in_o the_o nicene_n creed_n because_o of_o his_o ordination_n by_o the_o arian_n faction_n and_o the_o people_n be_v baptize_v by_o arian_n priest_n but_o theodoret_n mention_n no_o such_o thing_n 31._o and_o say_v the_o first_o breach_n begin_v there_o when_o meletius_n be_v banish_v by_o the_o arian_n party_n and_o euzoius_n the_o arian_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o antioch_n and_o baronius_n make_v the_o schism_n to_o begin_v from_o the_o ordination_n of_o paulinus_n by_o lucifer_n caralitanus_n 31._o however_o this_o be_v we_o never_o find_v the_o ordination_n of_o meletius_n dispute_v by_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n and_o when_o s._n athanasius_n write_v a_o synodical_a epistle_n to_o those_o of_o antioch_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n among_o they_o upon_o the_o ordination_n of_o paulinus_n he_o give_v this_o direction_n to_o the_o other_o catholic_n christians_o concern_v meletius_n his_o party_n who_o meet_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o the_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n be_v call_v be_v in_o the_o old_a city_n which_o the_o interpreter_n of_o athanasius_n render_v in_o veteris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la communione_fw-la that_o they_o shall_v receive_v those_o who_o come_v to_o they_o from_o the_o arian_n without_o require_v any_o more_o from_o they_o 575._o than_o the_o renounce_n arianism_n and_o subscribe_v or_o own_v the_o nicene_n creed_n whereby_o the_o arian_n baptism_n and_o order_n be_v allow_v but_o we_o have_v a_o full_a testimony_n of_o the_o general_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n of_o that_o age_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o arian_n ordination_n ruffinus_n say_v 28._o that_o when_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n be_v return_v from_o banishment_n several_a of_o they_o meet_v together_o at_o alexandria_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o those_o who_o have_v receive_v order_n from_o the_o arian_n bishop_n and_o after_o consultation_n about_o it_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o council_n that_o only_o the_o head_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v reject_v but_o other_o receive_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o priestly_a office_n upon_o which_o asterius_n be_v dispatch_v into_o the_o eastern_a part_n to_o settle_v the_o church_n there_o and_o eusebius_n into_o the_o western_a but_o he_o return_v to_o antioch_n find_v that_o lucifer_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v break_v his_o promise_n in_o the_o consecration_n of_o paulinus_n and_o eusebius_n therefore_o will_v not_o own_v he_o as_o bishop_n which_o so_o enrage_v lucifer_n that_o he_o quarrel_v with_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a council_n about_o receive_v the_o arian_n bishop_n and_o priest_n upon_o disow_v their_o heresy_n and_o so_o the_o luciferian_a schism_n begin_v for_o the_o follower_n of_o lucifer_n charge_v the_o catholic_n church_n with_o be_v the_o synagogue_n of_o antichrist_n for_o receive_v the_o arian_n bishop_n as_o appear_v by_o s._n hierom_n init_fw-la for_o they_o yield_v to_o the_o receive_v the_o penitent_a laity_n but_o not_o the_o clergy_n allow_v the_o arian_n baptism_n but_o not_o their_o ordination_n upon_o which_o s._n hierom_n triumph_v over_o they_o and_o he_o say_v that_o eight_o arian_n bishop_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a although_o their_o arianism_n be_v declare_v before_o and_o that_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a council_n be_v universal_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n which_o be_v as_o ample_a a_o testimony_n to_o our_o purpose_n as_o can_v be_v desire_v 3._o next_o to_o contradiction_n t._n g._n charge_v i_o with_o maintain_v strange_a paradox_n which_o he_o put_v into_o the_o title_n of_o one_o of_o his_o chapter_n in_o these_o word_n 76._o a_o strange_a paradox_n advance_v by_o dr._n st._n what_o can_v a_o image_n do_v to_o the_o heighten_v of_o devotion_n or_o raise_v affection_n not_o find_v myself_o to_o be_v any_o great_a lover_n of_o paradox_n but_o of_o plain_a and_o useful_a truth_n i_o be_v the_o more_o curious_a to_o find_v out_o what_o paradox_n it_o be_v i_o have_v broach_v and_o search_v for_o the_o place_n i_o find_v these_o word_n and_o can_v any_o one_o imagine_v there_o shall_v be_v great_a irreverence_n of_o god_n show_v in_o call_v he_o to_o witness_v upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n than_o there_o be_v in_o bow_v down_o before_o a_o block_n or_o a_o hew_a stone_n represent_v god_n to_o my_o mind_n by_o it_o what_o can_v such_o a_o image_n do_v to_o the_o heighten_v of_o devotion_n or_o raise_v affection_n this_o be_v the_o monstrous_a paradox_n advance_v by_o i_o viz._n that_o such_o a_o gross_a representation_n of_o god_n by_o a_o image_n do_v tend_v more_o to_o abate_v than_o raise_v our_o estimation_n of_o he_o which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o paradox_n that_o i_o have_v herein_o the_o consent_n not_o only_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n but_o of_o the_o great_a patron_n of_o image_n in_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a church_n till_o the_o latter_a time_n as_o i_o have_v show_v already_o but_o t._n g._n set_v himself_o very_o industrious_o to_o prove_v that_o picture_n have_v a_o advantage_n in_o representation_n above_o live_a creature_n 90._o which_o he_o do_v with_o great_a force_n of_o wit_n and_o strength_n of_o reason_n because_o lady_n sit_v sometime_o to_o make_v madonna_n be_v by_o for_o their_o picture_n and_o author_n picture_n be_v set_v before_o their_o book_n it_o be_v pity_n we_o want_v our_o author_n on_o so_o just_a a_o occasion_n and_o man_n keep_v the_o picture_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o sign-post_n be_v very_o useful_a in_o london_n street_n and_o may_v suggest_v many_o good_a meditation_n to_o man_n as_o the_o three_o nun_n or_o the_o like_a but_o to_o hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v the_o way_n to_o undo_v the_o company_n of_o picture-drawer_n which_o will_v be_v a_o great_a unkindness_n to_o all_o ingenious_a artist_n but_o the_o most_o dismal_a consequence_n of_o my_o doctrine_n be_v that_o the_o lady_n