sow_v in_o corruption_n and_o weakness_n and_o dishonour_v either_o therefore_o he_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o same_o body_n or_o his_o meaning_n can_v be_v comprehend_v for_o what_o do_v all_o this_o relate_v to_o a_o conscious_a principle_n the_o apostle_n speak_v plain_o of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v once_o quicken_v and_o afterward_o fall_v to_o corruption_n and_o be_v to_o be_v restore_v with_o more_o noble_a quality_n 5â—_n for_o this_o corruptible_a must_v put_v on_o incorruption_n and_o this_o mortal_n must_v put_v on_o immortality_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o he_o can_v more_o express_o affirm_v the_o identity_n of_o this_o corruptible_a body_n with_o that_o after_o the_o resurrection_n and_o that_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o principle_n of_o self-consciousness_n and_o so_o if_o the_o scripture_n be_v the_o sole_a foundation_n of_o our_o faith_n this_o be_v a_o article_n of_o it_o and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v always_o understand_v by_o the_o christian_a church_n 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name_n stand_v for_o it_o to_o distinct_a individual_n and_o as_o to_o person_n 216_o in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n you_o say_v that_o the_o word_n person_n in_o itself_o signify_v nothing_o and_o so_o no_o idea_n belong_v to_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o true_a idea_n of_o it_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o common_a use_n of_o any_o language_n have_v appropriate_v it_o to_o any_o idea_n then_o that_o be_v the_o true_a idea_n of_o a_o person_n and_o so_o of_o nature_n against_o this_o i_o object_v in_o my_o answer_n to_o that_o letter_n 103._o that_o if_o these_o term_n real_o signify_v nothing_o in_o themselves_o but_o be_v only_o abstract_n and_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o language_n have_v appropriate_v to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o two_o idea_n than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o be_v only_a notion_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o all_o abstract_a and_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v and_o so_o one_o nature_n and_o three_o person_n can_v be_v no_o 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own_o mind_n in_o your_o former_a letter_n that_o must_v guide_v we_o in_o your_o notion_n of_o nature_n and_o person_n where_o you_o undertake_v to_o explain_v they_o for_o if_o nature_n and_o person_n be_v abstract_n and_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o you_o say_v and_o such_o be_v only_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o you_o to_o reconcile_v these_o notion_n with_o the_o article_n of_o the_o trinity_n and_o incarnation_n i_o do_v not_o go_v about_o to_o accuse_v you_o of_o deny_v these_o doctrine_n i_o hope_v you_o do_v not_o but_o i_o impute_v all_o this_o hesitancy_n and_o doubt_v only_o to_o your_o notion_n of_o idea_n which_o you_o have_v be_v so_o long_o form_v in_o your_o mind_n that_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o such_o case_n one_o darling_n favourite_n notion_n prove_v too_o hard_o for_o some_o point_n of_o far_o great_a consequence_n when_o they_o be_v find_v inconsistent_a with_o it_o and_o because_o you_o have_v first_o fix_v 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he_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n about_o nature_n and_o person_n but_o i_o hope_v i_o be_o not_o to_o answer_v for_o other_o man_n want_n of_o understanding_n in_o these_o matter_n which_o require_v great_a application_n of_o mind_n than_o most_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o allow_v themselves_o about_o they_o but_o i_o be_o to_o judge_v no_o otherwise_o of_o their_o sense_n and_o capacity_n than_o as_o you_o have_v represent_v they_o 118._o one_o say_v i_o begin_v with_o give_v two_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n one_o of_o they_o as_o it_o stand_v for_o property_n and_o this_o he_o understand_v but_o the_o other_o wherein_o nature_n be_v take_v for_o the_o thing_n itself_o wherein_o those_o property_n be_v he_o say_v he_o do_v not_o understand_v but_o he_o say_v he_o be_v not_o very_o well_o acquaint_v with_o greek_a and_o aristotle_n be_v bring_v to_o explain_v and_o settle_v the_o sense_n of_o nature_n but_o why_o do_v not_o this_o gentleman_n in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v what_o it_o be_v i_o undertake_v to_o show_v which_o be_v that_o we_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o nature_n which_o come_v not_o in_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o in_o the_o very_a next_o word_n i_o say_v that_o nature_n and_o substance_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a extent_n and_o so_o that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o power_n and_o property_n be_v the_o nature_n whether_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o bodily_a or_o spiritual_a substance_n and_o although_o by_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n we_o know_v the_o power_n and_o property_n of_o thing_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n we_o be_v satisfy_v there_o must_v be_v such_o a_o nature_n or_o substance_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v subsist_v by_o themselves_o methinks_v if_o the_o
gentleman_n be_v so_o much_o at_o a_o loss_n as_o you_o represent_v he_o you_o shall_v have_v help_v he_o out_o by_o your_o relative_a idea_n for_o hard_a thing_n go_v down_o much_o better_a with_o some_o man_n mind_n in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o gilding_n the_o pill_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o can_v have_v satisfy_v he_o that_o the_o understanding_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o relative_a idea_n be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v of_o the_o be_v of_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o substance_n when_o i_o declare_v that_o i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v of_o equal_a extent_n as_o they_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o power_n and_o property_n but_o he_o say_v that_o this_o he_o understand_v not_o 120._o because_o nature_n extend_v to_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o substance_n do_v i_o not_o say_v that_o nature_n be_v sometime_o take_v only_o for_o property_n but_o that_o there_o must_v be_v another_o sense_n prove_v because_o there_o must_v be_v a_o subject_a wherein_o these_o property_n be_v and_o in_o that_o respect_n i_o say_v that_o nature_n and_o substance_n be_v of_o equal_a extent_n but_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o deduction_n aristotle_n take_v nature_n for_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n therefore_o nature_n and_o substance_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a extent_n what_o a_o hard_a fate_n do_v that_o man_n lie_v under_o that_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o severe_a critic_n he_o must_v have_v a_o care_n of_o his_o but_o and_o for_o and_o they_o and_o it_o for_o the_o least_o ambiguity_n in_o any_o of_o these_o will_v fill_v up_o page_n in_o a_o answer_n and_o make_v a_o book_n look_v considerable_a for_o the_o bulk_n of_o it_o and_o what_o must_v a_o man_n do_v who_o be_v to_o answer_v to_o all_o such_o objection_n about_o the_o use_n of_o particle_n but_o let_v any_o indifferent_a reader_n judge_n how_o i_o be_o use_v in_o this_o place_n my_o word_n be_v sometime_o nature_n be_v take_v for_o the_o thing_n itself_o in_o which_o those_o property_n be_v and_o so_o aristotle_n take_v nature_n for_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n which_o have_v the_o principle_n of_o motion_n in_o itself_o but_o nature_n and_o substance_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a extent_n do_v not_o any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n see_v that_o i_o oppose_v this_o to_o aristotle_n sense_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n he_o confine_v it_o to_o that_o only_a i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v of_o equal_a extent_n with_o substance_n whether_o bodily_a or_o spiritual_a and_o those_o very_a word_n follow_v after_o if_o you_o have_v real_o such_o a_o conversation_n with_o a_o gentleman_n i_o be_o sorry_a for_o he_o and_o i_o think_v you_o do_v not_o deal_v so_o like_o a_o gentleman_n by_o he_o to_o expose_v he_o thus_o to_o the_o world_n but_o i_o perceive_v he_o be_v a_o philosopher_n too_o for_o he_o prove_v 119._o that_o aristotle_n be_v notion_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n will_v not_o hold_v do_v i_o ever_o say_v that_o it_o will_v i_o be_o far_o enough_o from_o think_v that_o a_o corporeal_a substance_n have_v a_o principle_n of_o motion_n from_o itself_o but_o may_v not_o i_o mention_v aristotle_n take_v nature_n for_o a_o substance_n although_o i_o present_o add_v his_o sense_n be_v too_o short_a and_o narrow_a because_o nature_n and_o substance_n be_v of_o equal_a extent_n but_o do_v not_o his_o notion_n of_o nature_n imply_v that_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n of_o motion_n in_o itself_o whatever_o aristotle_n think_v the_o notion_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o a_o principle_n of_o motion_n from_o itself_o but_o it_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o in_o itself_o as_o the_o cause_n but_o in_o itself_o as_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o philosophical_a gentleman_n may_v be_v please_v to_o consider_v that_o aristotle_n do_v not_o make_v motion_n to_o arise_v from_o matter_n but_o assert_v it_o to_o come_v from_o a_o first_o mover_n and_o say_v that_o those_o philosopher_n talk_v like_o man_n not_o well_o in_o their_o wit_n who_o attribute_v motion_n to_o matter_n of_o itself_o as_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v if_o it_o be_v needful_a and_o methinks_v you_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v such_o a_o stranger_n to_o aristotle_n to_o let_v your_o acquaintance_n run_v into_o such_o blunder_n and_o then_o to_o print_v they_o for_o they_o but_o the_o gentleman_n be_v far_o plunge_v and_o know_v not_o how_o to_o get_v out_o 121._o he_o can_v for_o his_o life_n understand_v nature_n to_o be_v substance_n and_o substance_n to_o be_v nature_n where_o lie_v the_o difficulty_n be_v the_o repugnancy_n in_o the_o word_n or_o in_o the_o sense_n not_o in_o the_o word_n or_o sense_n either_o in_o greek_a or_o latin_n for_o the_o greek_a if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o mention_v that_o language_n in_o this_o case_n those_o who_o have_v be_v very_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o force_n of_o word_n therein_o have_v make_v nature_n of_o the_o same_o importance_n with_o substance_n so_o hesychius_n render_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d substance_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o bring_v the_o testimony_n of_o critic_n but_o of_o philosopher_n and_o aristotle_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o understand_v his_o own_o language_n 4._o he_o say_v positive_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o substance_n be_v call_v nature_n and_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o nature_n be_v a_o substance_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o aristotle_n say_v this_o because_o he_o take_v nature_n for_o such_o a_o substance_n as_o have_v the_o power_n of_o motion_n in_o itself_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o he_o look_v on_o that_o as_o the_o proper_a acception_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o whatever_o substance_n have_v such_o a_o principle_n of_o motion_n in_o itself_o be_v true_o and_o proper_o nature_n not_o as_o exclusive_a of_o a_o superior_a principle_n of_o motion_n but_o as_o have_v a_o internal_a selfmoving_a principle_n and_o herein_o aristotle_n differ_v from_o some_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o make_v all_o motion_n to_o come_v from_o the_o impulse_n of_o another_o body_n and_o to_o be_v a_o mere_a mode_n of_o matter_n continue_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o i_o confess_v aristotle_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n from_o those_o gentleman_n and_o look_v on_o motion_n as_o a_o effect_n of_o a_o inward_a principle_n and_o not_o mere_o of_o a_o external_n impulse_n but_o whether_o aristotle_n be_v mistake_v herein_o be_v not_o the_o question_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a he_o be_v not_o however_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o substance_n with_o a_o power_n of_o motion_n in_o itself_o and_o nature_n have_v the_o same_o sense_n and_o none_o of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v the_o most_o severe_a critic_n upon_o aristotle_n have_v dispute_v that_o i_o remember_v against_o this_o sense_n of_o nature_n in_o he_o 4._o one_o of_o they_o find_v this_o fault_n that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o repetition_n of_o what_o he_o have_v say_v in_o his_o physics_n 1._o where_o he_o do_v likewise_o treat_v of_o the_o sense_n of_o nature_n and_o there_o he_o take_v it_o for_o such_o a_o substance_n which_o have_v the_o principle_n of_o motion_n and_o rest_n within_o itself_o and_o by_o itself_o which_o he_o oppose_v to_o artificial_a thing_n as_o a_o bed_n or_o a_o garment_n and_o as_o much_o as_o this_o definition_n have_v be_v run_v down_o by_o some_o man_n if_o we_o set_v aside_o some_o affect_a obscurity_n in_o his_o philosophical_a write_n there_o be_v no_o such_o absurdity_n in_o it_o when_o he_o explain_v himself_o not_o to_o understand_v it_o of_o mere_a local_a motion_n or_o change_v of_o place_n but_o of_o all_o alteration_n incident_a to_o body_n so_o that_o nature_n in_o his_o sense_n be_v a_o substance_n endue_v with_o a_o principle_n of_o life_n and_o action_n and_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o do_v partake_v of_o nature_n in_o this_o sense_n he_o say_v be_v substance_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o nature_n be_v always_o a_o subject_a and_o in_o a_o subject_a i._n e._n the_o substance_n itself_o be_v nature_n and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o it_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n and_o this_o sense_n of_o aristotle_n plutarch_n rely_v upon_o 1._o as_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o nature_n which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o principle_n of_o motion_n and_o rest_n because_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_v of_o thing_n depend_v upon_o it_o but_o plutarch_n by_o no_o mean_n approve_v of_o those_o man_n opinion_n who_o make_v nature_n to_o be_v a_o original_a selfmoving_a principle_n 3._o for_o say_v he_o matter_n of_o itself_o can_v move_v without_o a_o efficient_a cause_n no_o more_o than_o any_o metal_n can_v frame_v itself_o into_o a_o particular_a form_n without_o a_o artificer_n
upon_o and_o then_o compare_v your_o way_n of_o idea_n with_o they_o 5._o aristotle_n observe_v that_o socrates_n first_o bring_v in_o definition_n and_o induction_n in_o order_n to_o certainty_n and_o go_v no_o far_o plato_n allow_v no_o certainty_n but_o only_a opinion_n as_o to_o external_n object_n but_o he_o say_v that_o certainty_n depend_v upon_o abstract_n and_o separate_a idea_n which_o be_v always_o the_o same_o this_o he_o take_v 32._o as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o former_a letter_n from_o the_o pythagorean_n only_o change_v number_n into_o idea_n for_o by_o number_n they_o understand_v first_o principle_n not_o gross_a and_o material_a but_o immaterial_a and_o eternal_a 5._o as_o jamblichus_n say_v and_o therefore_o moderatus_n gaditanus_n one_o of_o the_o most_o understand_a man_n among_o they_o say_v the_o pythagorean_n bring_v in_o number_n pythag._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o more_o decent_a way_n of_o instruction_n follow_v the_o practice_n of_o geometrician_n who_o make_v use_v of_o figure_n to_o represent_v thing_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o therefore_o their_o doctrine_n of_o number_n be_v the_o philosophy_n of_o principle_n or_o the_o general_a ground_n of_o certainty_n but_o this_o be_v so_o abstruse_a and_o so_o little_o understand_v that_o it_o soon_o lose_v its_o reputation_n as_o porphyry_n observe_v or_o be_v mix_v with_o plantonism_n and_o therefore_o photinus_n join_v the_o pythagorean_n and_o platonic_a principle_n together_o but_o aristotle_n be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o these_o abstract_a speculation_n and_o therefore_o set_v himself_o so_o much_o on_o all_o occasion_n against_o idea_n and_o number_n especial_o in_o his_o metaphysic_n 5._o but_o instead_o thereof_o he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v down_o certainty_n to_o material_a thing_n and_o to_o real_a being_n in_o order_n to_o this_o he_o see_v it_o necessary_a to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o explain_v doubtful_a term_n and_o by_o rank_v thing_n under_o several_a head_n which_o he_o call_v category_n wherein_o all_o thing_n be_v reduce_v to_o substance_n and_o accident_n belong_v to_o they_o to_o which_o he_o join_v some_o general_a discourse_n about_o the_o right_a apprehension_n of_o thing_n simple_o consider_v but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o all_o the_o category_n from_o archytas_n the_o pythagorean_n downward_o who_o first_o place_v they_o in_o that_o order_n substance_n be_v first_o rank_v as_o the_o most_o proper_a idea_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o all_o accident_n or_o mode_n be_v consider_v with_o respect_n to_o that_o and_o the_o french_a cartesian_n in_o their_o logic_n place_n substance_n as_o the_o first_o object_n of_o their_o idea_n and_o do_v not_o leave_v we_o a_o relative_a idea_n to_o be_v suppose_v only_o because_o accident_n can_v subsist_v without_o a_o subject_a then_o follow_v the_o way_n of_o understand_v the_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n of_o proposition_n after_o which_o he_o pursue_v the_o way_n of_o reason_v or_o infer_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o which_o he_o call_v syllogize_v wherein_o he_o profess_v to_o go_v upon_o this_o common_a principle_n of_o reason_n that_o what_o thing_n do_v agree_v in_o a_o three_o must_v agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o be_v not_o content_a with_o the_o ordinary_a dialectical_a way_n which_o proceed_v upon_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o party_n he_o attempt_v to_o bring_v in_o true_a demonstration_n to_o which_o he_o suppose_v general_a axiom_n necessary_a and_o definition_n and_o postulata_fw-la and_o he_o distinguish_v between_o a_o necessary_a conclusion_n and_o a_o demonstration_n for_o the_o former_a may_v arise_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v but_o a_o demonstration_n suppose_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o that_o the_o proposition_n be_v such_o as_o that_o the_o conclusion_n necessary_o follow_v from_o they_o so_o that_o demonstration_n according_a to_o he_o must_v be_v of_o a_o inseparable_a property_n and_o by_o the_o most_o immediate_a and_o necessary_a cause_n how_o far_o aristotle_n notion_n of_o demonstration_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o physical_a matter_n be_v not_o my_o business_n to_o inquire_v it_o be_v only_o to_o show_v what_o his_o method_n of_o certainty_n be_v but_o beside_o aristotle_n the_o stoic_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o true_a method_n of_o certainty_n and_o they_o go_v another_o way_n to_o work_v about_o it_o viz._n 1._o by_o find_v out_o the_o criterion_n of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n 2._o by_o examine_v the_o consequence_n and_o deduction_n of_o reason_n as_o to_o thing_n which_o have_v some_o degree_n of_o evidence_n to_o sense_n or_o reason_n they_o make_v the_o criterion_n necessary_a but_o for_o those_o which_o have_v not_o but_o must_v be_v prove_v the_o examination_n of_o that_o proof_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o certainty_n the_o criterion_n be_v agree_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o measure_n whereby_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o thing_n but_o as_o in_o the_o use_n of_o balance_n for_o weight_n there_o must_v be_v one_o to_o hold_v they_o and_o the_o balance_n themselves_o and_o the_o position_n of_o they_o and_o as_o in_o the_o judge_n of_o a_o line_n whether_o straight_o or_o crooked_a there_o must_v be_v the_o artificer_n the_o rule_n and_o the_o application_n of_o it_o so_o in_o judge_v of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n there_o must_v be_v the_o faculty_n of_o understanding_n as_o the_o artificer_n sense_n and_o reason_n as_o the_o rule_n and_o the_o inward_a idea_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o balance_n or_o the_o application_n of_o the_o rule_n now_o that_o which_o they_o place_v their_o notion_n of_o certainty_n in_o be_v that_o inward_a and_o comprehensive_a idea_n which_o be_v call_v by_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o it_o be_v a_o weak_a assent_n they_o call_v it_o opinion_n for_o they_o make_v the_o assent_n voluntary_a notwithstanding_o the_o criterion_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o firm_a and_o immovable_a assent_n that_o they_o call_v knowledge_n and_o certainty_n but_o beside_o these_o comprehensive_a idea_n they_o do_v allow_v of_o common_a notion_n 33._o which_o they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o anticipation_n of_o which_o arrian_n speak_v and_o simplicius_n say_v they_o be_v those_o wherein_o all_o be_v agree_v and_o be_v plant_v in_o we_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o confirm_v by_o time_n and_o observation_n as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n they_o take_v great_a pain_n about_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o word_n the_o rank_n and_o order_n of_o thing_n the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o proposition_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o sign_n whereof_o some_o be_v monitory_a and_o other_o demonstrative_a and_o the_o prove_v a_o thing_n uncertain_a by_o something_o grant_v to_o be_v certain_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v demonstration_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o eleatic_a school_n the_o most_o simple_a and_o natural_a way_n of_o reason_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v by_o draw_v consequence_n upon_o supposition_n and_o the_o way_n the_o stoic_n take_v to_o judge_v of_o reason_v be_v by_o judge_v what_o approach_v near_a to_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o reason_v such_o as_o that_o every_o thing_n we_o talk_v about_o either_o must_v be_v or_o not_o be_v and_o in_o such_o disjunct_a proposition_n one_o part_n or_o other_o must_v be_v take_v and_o then_o a_o train_n of_o consequence_n follow_v and_o plutarch_n no_o friend_n to_o the_o stoic_n think_v this_o faculty_n of_o draw_v consequence_n lay_v the_o best_a foundation_n for_o demonstration_n for_o the_o principle_n of_o it_o 58._o he_o say_v be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o connex_v way_n of_o reason_v that_o be_v as_o simplicius_n explain_v it_o when_o two_o thing_n be_v so_o join_v together_o as_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_a that_o by_o position_n of_o the_o antecedent_n the_o consequent_a follow_v and_o by_o take_v 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it_o
the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n answer_n to_o mr._n locke_n second_o letter_n wherein_o his_o notion_n of_o idea_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o itself_o and_o with_o the_o article_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n london_n print_v by_o i._n h._n for_o henry_n mortlock_n at_o the_o phoenix_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n mdcxcviii_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n answer_n to_o mr._n locke_n second_o letter_n etc._n etc._n sir_n i_o be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v at_o the_o length_n of_o your_o second_o letter_n consider_v the_o shortness_n of_o the_o answer_v contain_v in_o it_o but_o it_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o spring_n of_o modená_n mention_v by_o ramazzini_n which_o rise_v up_o with_o such_o a_o plenty_n of_o water_n upon_o open_v a_o passage_n that_o the_o undertaker_n be_v afraid_a of_o be_v overwhelm_v by_o it_o i_o see_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o give_v occasion_n to_o a_o person_n of_o such_o a_o fruitful_a invention_n to_o write_v for_o 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all_o this_o seem_v to_o you_o to_o do_v nothing_o towards_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o matter_n 49._o whether_o it_o do_v or_o not_o i_o be_o content_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n and_o there_o it_o must_v rest_v at_o last_o although_o you_o shall_v write_v volume_n about_o it_o but_o for_o what_o cause_n do_v you_o continue_v so_o unsatisfied_a 50._o you_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v that_o the_o author_n mention_v go_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n be_v necessary_a to_o certainty_n but_o that_o be_v not_o your_o notion_n as_o to_o certainty_n by_o idea_n which_o be_v that_o certainty_n consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n such_o as_o we_o have_v whether_o they_o be_v in_o all_o their_o part_n perfect_o clear_a and_o distinct_a or_o no_o and_o you_o say_v that_o you_o have_v no_o notion_n of_o certainty_n more_o than_o this_o one_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o have_v 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you_o in_o among_o they_o which_o be_v the_o thing_n you_o so_o much_o complain_v of_o i_o will_v give_v you_o a_o full_a answer_n to_o this_o complaint_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o the_o first_o occasion_n of_o my_o charge_n be_v the_o supposition_n that_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o any_o certainty_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o that_o the_o only_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o certainty_n be_v by_o compare_v these_o idea_n together_o but_o to_o prove_v this_o your_o word_n be_v produce_v and_o your_o principle_n of_o certainty_n lay_v down_o and_o none_o else_o and_o i_o can_v not_o imagine_v that_o you_o can_v place_v certainty_n in_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n and_o yet_o not_o suppose_v those_o idea_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a but_o find_v yourself_o join_v in_o such_o company_n which_o you_o do_v not_o desire_v to_o be_v see_v in_o you_o rather_o choose_v to_o distinguish_v yourself_o from_o they_o by_o deny_v 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ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o give_v light_n but_o lead_v those_o that_o follow_v they_o into_o bogs_n like_a fontange_n which_o seem_v to_o set_v people_n head_n that_o wear_v they_o high_o but_o their_o understanding_n be_v just_a what_o they_o be_v before_o i_o always_o dislike_v the_o stoical_a improvement_n by_o new_a word_n or_o give_v new_a sense_n to_o old_a one_o but_o i_o tell_v you_o i_o shall_v never_o have_v mention_v this_o way_n of_o idea_n but_o for_o the_o ill_a use_n i_o find_v make_v of_o they_o and_o you_o may_v have_v enjoy_v the_o satisfaction_n you_o have_v in_o they_o long_o enough_o unless_o i_o have_v find_v they_o employ_v in_o do_v mischief_n 63._o which_o as_o you_o humble_o conceive_v amount_n to_o thus_o much_o and_o no_o more_o that_o i_o fear_v
proceed_v so_o far_o as_o to_o question_v every_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discover_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o certainty_n he_o can_v be_v satisfy_v with_o find_v out_o only_o some_o mode_n of_o be_v but_o that_o which_o he_o aim_v at_o be_v satisfaction_n as_o to_o his_o real_a existence_n but_o this_o whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o this_o fundamental_a maxim_n that_o nothing_o can_v have_v no_o operation_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o think_v or_o doubt_n or_o reason_n must_v certain_o be_v and_o since_o by_o another_o fundamental_a maxim_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v he_o can_v entertain_v any_o possible_a doubt_n of_o his_o own_o existence_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o reach_n only_o to_o bare_a existence_n and_o not_o to_o the_o be_v men._n i_o answer_v that_o for_o the_o certainty_n as_o to_o that_o there_o be_v other_o general_a maxim_n of_o necessary_a use_n as_o that_o all_o 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all_o that_o the_o perception_n reach_v to_o be_v those_o act_n mention_v by_o you_o i_o think_v i_o reason_n i_o feel_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n but_o the_o question_n go_v far_a as_o to_o the_o subject_a of_o those_o act_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o subject_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o man_n or_o not_o now_o here_o lie_v the_o main_a difficulty_n whether_o without_o the_o help_n of_o these_o principle_n you_o can_v prove_v to_o any_o that_o doubt_v that_o they_o be_v man_n and_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o in_o your_o way_n of_o idea_n you_o can_v for_o 1_o you_o suppose_v that_o we_o must_v have_v a_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n 2_o you_o deny_v that_o we_o have_v any_o such_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o man._n 1._o you_o suppose_v that_o we_o must_v have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o that_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o for_o in_o your_o chapter_n of_o maxim_n 4._o you_o say_v that_o 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man_n by_o this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o you_o have_v discourse_v with_o very_o rational_a man_n who_o have_v actual_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v men._n other_o take_v in_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n in_o general_n 18._o and_o the_o power_n of_o language_n and_o reason_n and_o leave_v out_o shape_n and_o so_o a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o fourfooted_a creature_n or_o in_o whatever_o body_n or_o shape_n he_o find_v speech_n and_o reason_n join_v that_o be_v a_o man._n but_o where_o be_v the_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o a_o man_n all_o this_o while_n we_o can_v have_v no_o certainty_n by_o principle_n you_o say_v and_o you_o offer_v none_o in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n for_o the_o idea_n be_v very_o confuse_v imperfect_a and_o repugnant_a to_o each_o other_o and_o so_o in_o this_o new_a method_n of_o certainty_n by_o idea_n we_o can_v be_v so_o much_o as_o certain_a that_o we_o be_v men._n but_o be_v it_o 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you_o endeavour_v to_o expose_v the_o sacred_a definition_n as_o you_o call_v it_o of_o animal_n rationale_fw-la which_o be_v never_o expose_v by_o any_o man_n without_o cause_n but_o you_o conclude_v 17_o that_o we_o be_v far_o from_o know_v certain_o what_o man_n be_v though_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v judge_v great_a ignorance_n to_o doubt_v about_o it_o and_o yet_o you_o think_v you_o may_v say_v that_o the_o certain_a boundary_n of_o that_o species_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v determine_v and_o the_o precise_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o make_v that_o nominal_a essence_n so_o far_o from_o be_v settle_a and_o perfect_o know_v that_o very_o material_a doubt_n may_v still_o arise_v about_o it_o so_o that_o i_o begin_v to_o think_v i._o s._n be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o he_o make_v you_o say_v that_o you_o have_v discourse_v with_o very_o rational_a man_n who_o deny_v themselves_o to_o be_v men._n but_o this_o be_v a_o little_a too_o hard_o to_o deny_v themselves_o to_o 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be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n can_v exceed_v our_o idea_n where_o they_o be_v imperfect_a confuse_a or_o obscure_a we_o can_v expect_v to_o have_v certain_a perfect_a or_o clear_a knowledge_n and_o yet_o how_o often_o do_v you_o confess_v that_o our_o idea_n be_v imperfect_a confuse_a and_o obscure_v how_o then_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o attain_v to_o any_o certainty_n by_o they_o and_o notwithstanding_o these_o plain_a word_n you_o assert_v it_o over_o and_o over_o in_o your_o second_o letter_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o you_o do_v not_o place_v certainty_n in_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o beginning_n how_o can_v these_o thing_n consist_v can_v certainty_n be_v have_v with_o imperfect_a and_o obscure_a idea_n and_o yet_o no_o certainty_n be_v have_v by_o they_o i_o can_v blame_v you_o for_o find_v fault_n with_o common_a principle_n of_o reason_n if_o both_o part_n of_o a_o contradiction_n may_v be_v true_a but_o i_o 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appear_v from_o yourself_o which_o will_v farther_o discover_v the_o inconsistency_n of_o your_o notion_n of_o idea_n and_o the_o reason_n i_o go_v upon_o be_v these_o 1._o that_o you_o confess_v that_o some_o of_o the_o most_o obvious_a idea_n be_v far_o from_o be_v self-evident_a 2._o that_o there_o may_v be_v contradictory_n opinion_n about_o some_o idea_n which_o you_o account_v most_o clear_a and_o distinct_a 3._o that_o grant_v the_o idea_n to_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o self-evidence_n of_o the_o connexion_n of_o they_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o demonstration_n 1._o that_o some_o of_o the_o most_o obvious_a idea_n be_v far_o from_o be_v self-evident_a by_o your_o own_o confession_n among_o these_o you_o can_v deny_v those_o of_o matter_n and_o motion_n of_o time_n and_o duration_n and_o of_o light_n to_o be_v very_o considerable_a but_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o yourself_o that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o intuition_n of_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v so_o 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i_o have_v be_v long_o a_o clear_n this_o matter_n than_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v be_v but_o it_o be_v the_o main_a point_n as_o to_o certainty_n by_o idea_n and_o what_o remain_v will_v admit_v of_o a_o easy_a dispatch_n i_o now_o return_v to_o the_o difference_n between_o nature_n and_o person_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o single_a out_o what_o be_v material_a and_o pertinent_a and_o now_o leave_v the_o interlocutory_a gentleman_n to_o maintain_v their_o conversation_n by_o themselves_o i_o have_v say_v in_o my_o vindication_n that_o nature_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1._o as_o it_o be_v in_o distinct_a individual_n 2._o abstract_o without_o respect_n to_o individual_a person_n 1._o as_o it_o be_v in_o distinct_a individual_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o man_n be_v equal_o in_o peter_n james_n and_o john_n and_o this_o be_v the_o common_a nature_n with_o a_o particular_a subsistence_n belong_v to_o each_o of_o they_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n as_o in_o peter_n be_v distinct_a from_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v in_o james_n and_o john_n otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v but_o one_o person_n as_o well_o as_o have_v the_o same_o nature_n which_o to_o my_o understanding_n be_v plain_a and_o clear_a reason_n and_o if_o so_o then_o here_o we_o have_v a_o identity_n of_o nature_n and_o a_o distinction_n of_o person_n in_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o to_o this_o you_o object_n these_o three_o thing_n 127._o 1._o that_o you_o can_v put_v together_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o distinct_a and_o consequent_o there_o be_v no_o foundation_n for_o the_o distinction_n of_o nature_n and_o person_n etc._n 2._o that_o what_o i_o say_v about_o common_a nature_n and_o particular_a subsistence_n and_o individual_n be_v whole_o unintelligible_a to_o you_o and_o your_o friend_n 154._o 3._o that_o to_o speak_v true_o and_o precise_o of_o this_o matter_n as_o in_o reality_n it_o be_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o one_o common_a nature_n in_o several_a 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principle_n of_o reason_n which_o must_v be_v the_o standard_n to_o mankind_n whatever_o become_v of_o this_o way_n of_o idea_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o debate_n i_o shall_v proceed_v upon_o these_o principle_n of_o reason_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v among_o mankind_n and_o from_o they_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o difference_n of_o nature_n and_o person_n be_v not_o imaginary_a and_o fictitious_a but_o ground_v upon_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n the_o principle_n of_o reason_n which_o i_o go_v upon_o be_v these_o 1._o that_o nothing_o have_v no_o property_n 2._o that_o all_o property_n be_v only_a mode_n or_o accident_n must_v have_v a_o real_a subject_a to_o subsist_v in_o 3._o that_o property_n essential_o different_a must_v subsist_v in_o different_a essence_n 4._o that_o where_o there_o be_v a_o agreement_n in_o essential_a property_n and_o a_o difference_n in_o individual_a there_o must_v be_v both_o a_o identity_n and_o diversity_n in_o several_a respect_n now_o upon_o these_o principle_n i_o build_v my_o assertion_n that_o there_o be_v one_o real_a and_o common_a nature_n or_o essence_n in_o mankind_n and_o a_o difference_n of_o person_n in_o the_o several_a individual_n for_o that_o there_o be_v such_o essential_a property_n in_o mankind_n which_o be_v not_o in_o brute_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v now_o these_o essential_a property_n must_v subsist_v somewhere_o for_o nothing_o can_v have_v no_o property_n and_o these_o property_n can_v subsist_v where_o individual_n be_v multiply_v in_o any_o one_o individual_a for_o that_o be_v to_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o essential_a property_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v they_o in_o common_a there_o must_v be_v some_o common_a subject_n wherein_o they_o subsist_v and_o that_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o common_a essence_n of_o mankind_n for_o the_o essence_n of_o brute_n or_o plant_n have_v they_o not_o and_o therefore_o these_o essence_n must_v be_v real_o different_a from_o one_o another_o but_o because_o individual_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n have_v something_o to_o distinguish_v as_o well_o as_o to_o unite_v they_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o different_a subsistence_n in_o every_o individual_a and_o so_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o yet_o distinct_a may_v very_o easy_o and_o intelligible_o consist_v together_o but_o you_o say_v 131._o i_o have_v not_o tell_v you_o what_o nature_n be_v i_o think_v my_o discourse_n sufficient_o show_v it_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v it_o for_o you_o can_v not_o but_o see_v that_o i_o mean_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o essential_a property_n whether_o you_o call_v it_o nature_n substance_n or_o essence_n your_o objection_n about_o nature_n and_o substance_n be_v of_o equal_a extent_n i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o remove_v in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n you_o tell_v i_o 132._o that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o you_o know_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o man_n be_v equal_a in_o peter_n james_n and_o john_n i_o be_o sorry_a for_o it_o for_o i_o think_v you_o have_v idea_n of_o particular_a substance_n but_o they_o may_v be_v drill_v or_o horse_n for_o any_o thing_n you_o know_v i_o be_o again_o sorry_a that_o you_o know_v particular_a man_n no_o better_o but_o that_o for_o aught_o you_o know_v they_o may_v be_v drill_v or_o horse_n but_o you_o know_v a_o horse_n that_o be_v call_v peter_n 133._o and_o you_o do_v not_o know_v but_o the_o master_n of_o the_o same_o team_n may_v call_v other_o of_o his_o horse_n james_n and_o john_n suppose_v all_o this_o and_o can_v you_o not_o in_o the_o way_n of_o idea_n distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o of_o your_o acquaintance_n who_o have_v the_o same_o name_n i_o confess_v this_o tempt_v i_o to_o think_v that_o ideist_n as_o you_o call_v
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and_o herein_o etc._n etc._n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v to_o what_o appear_v material_a and_o the_o only_a thing_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v 156._o that_o according_a to_o my_o sense_n of_o person_n it_o will_v as_o well_o agree_v to_o bucephalus_n as_o to_o alexander_n and_o the_o difference_n will_v be_v as_o great_a between_o bucephalus_n and_o podargus_n as_o between_o alexander_n and_o hector_n all_o be_v several_a individual_n in_o the_o same_o common_a nature_n but_o for_o your_o part_n you_o can_v understand_v that_o bucephalus_n and_o podargus_n be_v person_n in_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n person_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o whoever_o desire_v you_o shall_v for_o i_o express_o say_v that_o a_o person_n be_v a_o complete_a intelligent_a substance_n with_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o subsistence_n and_o again_o for_o a_o person_n relate_v to_o something_o which_o do_v distinguish_v it_o from_o another_o intelligent_a substance_n in_o the_o same_o 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i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o personality_n which_o i_o say_v lie_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o subsistence_n and_o not_o in_o the_o intelligent_a individual_a substance_n which_o be_v rather_o suppose_v to_o the_o make_n of_o a_o person_n for_o that_o which_o critical_o distinguish_v the_o person_n be_v the_o reason_n of_o personality_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o give_v a_o common_a definition_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n of_o insist_v upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n but_o upon_o the_o common_a acception_n of_o it_o person_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n i_o call_v it_o a_o complete_a intelligent_a substance_n because_o although_o the_o soul_n be_v so_o in_o itself_o yet_o we_o take_v person_n with_o relation_n to_o soul_n and_o body_n unite_v together_o and_o so_o the_o identity_n of_o person_n must_v take_v in_o both_o not_o only_o here_o but_o at_o the_o resurrection_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v go_v through_o all_o that_o i_o 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