and_o sometime_o turbulent_a and_o tempestuous_a passion_n tumble_v they_o out_o of_o their_o cell_n the_o defect_n of_o the_o memory_n be_v two_n first_o that_o it_o lose_v the_o idea_n quite_o and_o so_o far_o it_o produce_v perfect_a ignorance_n second_o that_o it_o move_v slow_o and_o retrieves_z not_o the_o idea_n lay_v up_o in_o store_n quick_a enough_o to_o serve_v the_o mind_n upon_o occasion_n this_o if_o it_o be_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n be_v stupidity_n in_o the_o have_a idea_n ready_a at_o hand_n on_o all_o occasion_n consist_v what_o we_o call_v invention_n fancy_n and_o quickness_n of_o part_n this_o faculty_n other_o animal_n seem_v to_o have_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n as_o well_o as_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o bird_n learn_v of_o tune_n and_o their_o endeavour_n to_o hit_v the_o note_n right_a for_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o conform_v their_o voice_n as_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o do_v to_o note_n whereof_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n chap._n xi_o of_o discern_v and_o other_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n another_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v that_o of_o discern_v between_o its_o idea_n on_o this_o depend_v the_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n of_o several_a even_o general_a proposition_n which_o pass_v for_o innate_a truth_n whereas_o indeed_o they_o depend_v on_o this_o clear_a discern_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o it_o perceive_v two_o idea_n to_o be_v the_o same_o or_o different_a in_o be_v able_a nice_o to_o distinguish_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o where_o there_o be_v the_o least_o difference_n consist_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n that_o exactness_n of_o judgement_n and_o clearness_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o one_o man_n above_o another_o which_o be_v quite_o opposite_a to_o wit_n which_o consist_v most_o in_o the_o assemblage_n of_o idea_n and_o put_v those_o together_o with_o quickness_n and_o variety_n which_o have_v the_o least_o resemblance_n to_o form_v agreeable_a vision_n whereas_o judgement_n separate_v careful_o those_o idea_n wherein_o can_v be_v find_v the_o least_o difference_n to_o prevent_v error_n and_o delusion_n to_o the_o well_o distinguish_v our_o idea_n it_o chief_o contribute_v that_o they_o be_v clear_a and_o determinate_a and_o when_o they_o be_v so_o it_o will_v not_o breed_v any_o confusion_n or_o mistake_n about_o they_o tho'_o the_o sense_n shall_v convey_v they_o from_o the_o same_o object_n different_o on_o different_a occasion_n the_o compare_v of_o our_o idea_n one_o with_o another_o in_o respect_n of_o extent_n degree_n time_n place_n or_o any_o other_o circumstance_n be_v another_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o relation_n brute_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v this_o faculty_n in_o any_o great_a degree_n they_o have_v probable_o several_a idea_n distinct_a enough_o but_o can_v compare_v they_o far_o than_o some_o sensible_a circumstance_n annex_v to_o the_o object_n themselves_o the_o power_n of_o compare_v general_a idea_n which_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o man_n we_o may_v probable_o conjecture_v beast_n have_v not_o at_o all_o composition_n be_v another_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o it_o combine_v several_a of_o its_o simple_a idea_n into_o complex_n one_o under_o which_o operation_n we_o may_v reckon_v that_o of_o enlarge_a wherein_o we_o put_v several_a idea_n together_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o several_a unite_v to_o make_v a_o dozen_o in_o this_o also_o i_o suppose_v brute_n come_v far_o short_a of_o man_n for_o though_o they_o take_v in_o and_o retain_v together_o several_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o possible_o a_o dog_n do_v the_o shape_n smell_v and_o voice_n of_o his_o master_n yet_o these_o be_v rather_o so_o many_o distinct_a mark_n whereby_o he_o know_v he_o than_o one_o complex_n idea_n make_v out_o of_o those_o several_a simple_a one_o abstraction_n be_v another_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o the_o mind_n form_v general_a idea_n from_o such_o as_o it_o receive_v from_o particular_a object_n which_o it_o do_v by_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o appearance_n separate_v from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o real_a existence_n as_o time_n place_n etc._n etc._n these_o become_v general_a representative_n of_o all_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o their_o name_n applicable_a to_o whatever_o exist_v conformable_a to_o such_o abstract_n idea_n thus_o the_o colour_n which_o i_o receive_v from_o chalk_n snow_n and_o milk_n be_v make_v a_o representative_a of_o all_o of_o that_o kind_n and_o have_v a_o name_n give_v it_o whiteness_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o quality_n wherever_o to_o be_v find_v or_o imagine_v and_o thus_o universal_o both_o idea_n and_o term_n be_v make_v this_o put_v the_o great_a difference_n between_o man_n and_o brute_n they_o seem_v to_o reason_n about_o particular_a object_n and_o idea_n but_o there_o appear_v no_o footstep_n of_o abstraction_n in_o they_o or_o of_o make_v general_a idea_n chap._n xii_o of_o complex_n idea_n in_o the_o reception_n of_o simple_a idea_n the_o mind_n be_v only_o passive_a have_v no_o power_n to_o frame_v any_o to_o its_o self_n but_o as_o these_o simple_a idea_n do_v exist_v in_o several_a combination_n unite_v together_o so_o the_o mind_n may_v consider_v they_o as_o unite_v not_o only_o as_o they_o be_v real_o unite_v in_o external_a object_n but_o as_o itself_o have_v join_v they_o idea_n thus_o make_v up_o of_o several_a one_o put_v together_o i_o call_v complex_n as_o a_o man_n army_n beauty_n gratitude_n etc._n etc._n by_o this_o faculty_n of_o repeat_v and_o join_v together_o its_o idea_n the_o mind_n have_v great_a power_n in_o vary_v and_o multiply_v the_o object_n of_o its_o thought_n but_o it_o be_v still_o confine_v to_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o two_o source_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n it_o can_v have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n than_o what_o come_v from_o without_o by_o the_o sense_n nor_o any_o other_o idea_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o think_v substance_n than_o what_o it_o find_v in_o itself_o but_o have_v once_o get_v these_o simple_a idea_n it_o can_v by_o its_o own_o power_n put_v they_o together_o and_o make_v new_a complex_n one_o which_o it_o never_o receive_v so_o unite_v complex_fw-la idea_n however_o compound_v and_o decompound_v though_o their_o number_n be_v infinite_a and_o their_o variety_n endless_a may_v all_o be_v reduce_v under_o these_o three_o head_n first_o modes_n second_o substance_n three_o relation_n modes_n i_o call_v such_o complex_n ideas_n which_o contain_v not_o the_o supposition_n of_o subsist_v by_o themselves_o but_o be_v consider_v as_o dependence_n on_o and_o affection_n of_o substance_n as_o triangle_n gratitude_n murder_n etc._n etc._n these_o modes_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o simple_a which_o be_v but_o the_o combination_n of_o the_o same_o simple_a idea_n as_o a_o dozen_o score_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v but_o the_o idea_n of_o so_o many_o distinct_a unite_v put_v together_o second_o mix_v which_o be_v compound_v of_o simple_a idea_n of_o several_a kind_n as_o beauty_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o certain_a composition_n of_o colour_n and_o figure_n cause_v delight_n in_o the_o beholder_n theft_n which_o be_v the_o conceal_a change_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o proprietor_n these_o visible_o contain_v a_o combination_n of_o several_a idea_n of_o several_a kind_n second_o substance_n the_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v only_o such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o be_v take_v to_o represent_v distinct_a particular_a thing_n subsist_v by_o themselves_o in_o which_o the_o confuse_a idea_n of_o substance_n be_v always_o the_o chief_a thus_o a_o combination_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o certain_a figure_n with_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n thought_n and_o reason_v join_v to_o substance_n make_v the_o ordinary_a idea_n of_o man._n these_o again_o be_v either_o of_o single_a substance_n as_o man_n stone_z or_o of_o collective_a or_o several_a put_v together_o as_o army_n heap_v idea_n of_o several_a substance_n thus_o put_v together_o be_v as_o much_o each_o of_o they_o one_o single_a idea_n as_o that_o of_o a_o man_n or_o a_o unite_n three_o relation_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o consideration_n and_o compare_v one_o idea_n with_o another_o of_o these_o several_a kind_n we_o shall_v treat_v in_o their_o order_n caap._n xiii_o of_o simple_a modes_n and_o first_o of_o the_o simple_a modes_n of_o space_n concern_v simple_a modes_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o modification_n of_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v as_o perfect_o different_a and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n as_o those_o of_o the_o great_a distance_n or_o contrariety_n thus_o two_o be_v as_o distinct_a from_o three_o as_o blueness_n from_o heat_n under_o this_o head_n
from_o body_n think_v and_o the_o power_n of_o move_v which_o by_o reflection_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o mind_n existence_n duration_n number_v which_o belong_v both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o to_o the_o other_o by_o these_o i_o imagine_v may_v be_v explain_v the_o nature_n of_o colour_n sound_n taste_n smell_v and_o all_o other_o idea_n we_o have_v if_o we_o have_v but_o faculty_n acute_a enough_o to_o perceive_v the_o several_a modify_v extension_n and_o motion_n of_o these_o minute_n body_n which_o produce_v those_o several_a sensation_n in_o we_o chap._n xxii_o of_o mix_a modes_n mix_v modes_n be_v combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n of_o different_a kind_n whereby_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o simple_a modes_n which_o consist_v only_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n put_v together_o by_o the_o mind_n as_o virtue_n vice_n a_o lie_n etc._n etc._n the_o mind_n be_v once_o furnish_v with_o simple_a idea_n can_v put_v they_o together_o in_o several_a composition_n without_o examine_v whether_o they_o exist_v so_o together_o in_o nature_n to_o form_v such_o idea_n it_o suffice_v if_o they_o be_v consistent_a there_o be_v three_o way_n whereby_o we_o get_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n first_o by_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o thing_n themselves_o thus_o by_o see_v two_o man_n wrestle_v we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o wrestle_a second_o by_o invention_n or_o voluntary_a put_v together_o of_o several_a simple_a idea_n in_o our_o own_o mind_n so_o he_o that_o first_o invent_v print_v have_v a_o idea_n of_o it_o first_o in_o his_o mind_n before_o it_o ever_o exi_v three_o by_o explain_v the_o name_n of_o action_n we_o never_o see_v or_o notion_n we_o can_v see_v and_o by_o enumerate_v all_o those_o idea_n which_o go_v to_o the_o make_v they_o up_o thus_o the_o mix_a mode_n which_o the_o word_n lie_v stand_v for_o be_v make_v up_o of_o these_o simple_a idea_n first_o articulate_v sound_n second_o certain_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n three_o word_n the_o sign_n of_o these_o idea_n four_o those_o sign_n put_v together_o by_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n otherwise_o than_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n since_o language_n be_v make_v complex_fw-la idea_n be_v usual_o get_v by_o the_o explication_n of_o those_o term_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o for_o since_o they_o consist_v of_o simple_a idea_n combine_v they_o may_v by_o word_n stand_v for_o those_o simple_a idea_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o mind_n of_o one_o who_o understand_v those_o word_n tho'_o that_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v never_o offer_v to_o his_o mind_n by_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n mix_v modes_n have_v their_o unity_n from_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n combine_v those_o several_a simple_a idea_n together_o and_o consider_v they_o as_o one_o complex_fw-la one_o the_o mark_n of_o this_o union_n be_v one_o name_n give_v to_o that_o combination_n man_n seldom_o reckon_v any_o number_n of_o idea_n to_o make_v one_o complex_fw-la one_o but_o such_o collection_n as_o there_o be_v name_n for_o thus_o the_o kill_v of_o a_o old_a man_n be_v as_o fit_a to_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o complex_n idea_n as_o that_o of_o a_o father_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o name_n for_o it_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o a_o particular_a complex_fw-la idea_n nor_o a_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n from_o that_o of_o kill_v any_o other_o man._n those_o collection_n of_o idea_n have_v name_n general_o affix_v which_o be_v of_o frequent_a use_n in_o conversation_n in_o which_o case_n man_n endeavour_v to_o communicate_v their_o thought_n to_o one_o another_o with_o all_o possible_a dispatch_n those_o other_o which_o they_o have_v seldom_o occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o tie_v not_o together_o nor_o give_v they_o name_n this_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v word_n in_o every_o language_n which_o can_v be_v render_v by_o any_o one_o single_a word_n of_o another_o for_o the_o fashion_n and_o custom_n of_o one_o nation_n make_v several_a combination_n of_o idea_n familiar_a in_o one_o which_o another_o have_v never_o any_o occasion_n to_o make_v such_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d among_o the_o greek_n proscriptio_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n this_o also_o occasion_n the_o constant_a change_n of_o language_n because_o the_o change_n of_o custom_n and_o opinion_n bring_v with_o it_o new_a combination_n of_o idea_n which_o to_o avoid_v long_a description_n have_v new_a name_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o so_o they_o become_v new_a species_n of_o complex_n modes_n of_o all_o our_o simple_a idea_n those_o that_o have_v have_v most_o mix_v modes_n make_v out_o of_o they_o be_v think_v and_o motion_n which_o comprehend_v in_o they_o all_o action_n and_o power_n from_o whence_o these_o action_n be_v conceive_v to_o flow_v for_o action_n be_v the_o great_a business_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o several_a modes_n of_o think_v and_o motion_n shall_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o observe_v and_o lay_v up_o in_o memory_n and_o have_v name_n assign_v they_o for_o without_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o man_n can_v not_o easy_o hold_v any_o communication_n about_o they_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v the_o modes_n of_o action_n distinguish_v by_o their_o cause_n mean_n object_n end_n instrument_n time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n as_o also_o of_o the_o power_n sit_v for_o those_o action_n thus_o boldness_n be_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o speak_v what_o we_o intend_v without_o fear_n or_o disorder_n which_o power_n of_o do_v any_o thing_n when_o it_o have_v be_v acquire_v by_o the_o frequent_a do_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v that_o idea_n we_o call_v habit_n when_o forward_o and_o ready_a upon_o every_o occasion_n to_o break_v into_o action_n we_o call_v it_o disposition_n thus_o testiness_n be_v a_o disposition_n or_o aptness_n to_o be_v angry_a power_n be_v the_o source_n of_o all_o action_n the_o substance_n wherein_o these_o power_n be_v whenthey_a exert_n this_o power_n be_v call_v cause_n and_o the_o substance_n thereupon_o produce_v or_o the_o simple_a idea_n introduce_v into_o any_o subject_n effect_n the_o efficacy_n whereby_o the_o new_a substance_n or_o idea_n be_v produce_v be_v call_v in_o the_o subject_a exert_v that_o power_n action_n in_o the_o subject_a wherein_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v change_v or_o produce_v passion_n which_o efficacy_n in_o intellectual_a agent_n we_o can_v i_o think_v conceive_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o modes_n of_o think_v and_o will_v in_o corporeal_a agent_n nothing_o else_o but_o modification_n of_o motion_n whatever_o sort_n of_o action_n beside_o these_o produce_v any_o effect_n i_o confess_v myself_o to_o have_v no_o notion_n or_o idea_n of_o and_o therefore_o many_o word_n which_o seem_v to_o express_v some_o action_n signify_v nothing_o of_o the_o action_n but_o bare_o the_o effect_n with_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o subject_a wrought_v on_o or_o cause_n operate_a thus_o creation_n annihilation_n contain_v in_o they_o no_o idea_n of_o the_o action_n or_o manner_n whereby_o they_o be_v produce_v but_o bare_o of_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o thing_n do_v and_o when_o a_o countryman_n say_v the_o cold_a freeze_v water_n tho'_o the_o word_n freeze_a seem_v to_o import_v some_o action_n yet_o it_o true_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o effect_n viz._n that_o water_n that_o be_v before_o fluid_a be_v become_v hard_o and_o consistent_a without_o contain_v any_o idea_n of_o the_o action_n whereby_o it_o be_v do_v chap._n xxiii_o of_o our_o complex_n idea_n or_o substance_n the_o mind_n observe_v several_a simple_a idea_n to_o go_v constant_o together_o which_o be_v presume_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o thing_n be_v call_v when_o so_o unite_v by_o one_o name_n and_o by_o mistake_n afterward_o consider_v as_o one_o simple_a idea_n we_o imagine_v not_o these_o simple_a idea_n to_o subsist_v by_o themselves_o but_o suppose_v some_o substratum_fw-la wherein_o they_o subsist_v which_o we_o call_v substance_n the_o idea_n of_o pure_a substance_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o suppose_a but_o unknown_a support_n of_o these_o quality_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o produce_v simple_a idea_n in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o particular_a substance_n be_v compose_v out_o of_o this_o obscure_a and_o general_a idea_n of_o substance_n together_o with_o such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o be_v observe_v to_o exist_v together_o and_o suppose_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o internal_a constitution_n and_o unknown_a essence_n of_o that_o substance_n thus_o we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o man_n horse_n gold_n etc._n etc._n thus_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o iron_n or_o a_o diamond_n make_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o those_o substance_n which_o a_o smith_n or_o a_o jeweller_n common_o know_v
better_a than_o a_o philosopher_n the_o same_o happen_v concern_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n viz._n think_v reason_v etc._n etc._n which_o we_o conclude_v not_o to_o subsist_v by_o themselves_o nor_o apprehend_v how_o they_o can_v belong_v to_o body_n or_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o we_o think_v they_o the_o action_n of_o some_o other_o substance_n which_o we_o call_v spirit_n of_o who_o substance_n or_o nature_n we_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o notion_n as_o of_o that_o of_o body_n the_o one_o be_v but_o the_o suppose_a substratum_fw-la of_o the_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v from_o without_o as_o the_o other_o of_o those_o operation_n which_o we_o experiment_n in_o ourselves_o within_o so_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n in_o matter_n be_v as_o remote_a from_o our_o conception_n as_o that_o of_o spiritual_a substance_n hence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o he_o have_v the_o perfect_a idea_n of_o any_o particular_a substance_n who_o have_v collect_v most_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o do_v exist_v in_o it_o among_o which_o we_o be_v to_o reckon_v its_o active_a power_n and_o passive_a capacity_n though_o not_o strict_o simple_a idea_n secondary_a quality_n for_o the_o most_o part_n serve_v to_o distinguish_v substance_n for_o our_o sense_n fail_v we_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o body_n on_o which_o their_o real_a constitution_n and_o difference_n depend_v and_o secondary_a quality_n be_v nothing_o but_o power_n with_o relation_n to_o our_o sense_n the_o idea_n that_o make_v our_o complex_n one_o of_o corporeal_a substance_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o idea_n of_o primary_n quality_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o our_o sense_n such_o be_v bulk_n figure_n motion_n etc._n etc._n second_o the_o sensible_a secondary_a quality_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o power_n to_o produce_v several_a idea_n in_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n three_o the_o aptness_n we_o consider_v in_o any_o substance_n to_o cause_n or_o receive_v such_o alteration_n of_o primary_n quality_n as_o that_o the_o substance_n so_o alter_v shall_v produce_v in_o we_o different_a idea_n from_o what_o it_o do_v before_o and_o they_o be_v call_v active_a and_o passive_a power_n all_o which_o as_o far_o as_o we_o have_v any_o notice_n or_o notion_n of_o they_o terminate_v in_o simple_a idea_n have_v we_o sense_n acute_a enough_o to_o discern_v the_o minute_n particle_n of_o body_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o they_o will_v produce_v quite_o different_a idea_n in_o we_o as_o we_o find_v in_o view_v thing_n with_o microscope_n such_o body_n as_o to_o our_o naked_a eye_n be_v colour_v and_o opaque_v will_v through_o microscope_n appear_v pellucid_a blood_n to_o the_o naked_a eye_n appear_v all_o red_a but_o by_o a_o good_a microscope_n we_o see_v only_o some_o red_a globule_n swim_v in_o a_o transparent_a liquor_n the_o infinite_a wise_a author_n of_o our_o being_n have_v fit_v our_o organ_n and_o faculty_n to_o the_o convenience_n of_o life_n and_o the_o business_n we_o have_v to_o do_v here_o we_o may_v by_o our_o sense_n know_v and_o distinguish_v thing_n so_o far_o as_o to_o accommodate_v they_o to_o the_o exigency_n of_o this_o life_n we_o have_v also_o insight_n enough_o into_o their_o admirable_a contrivance_n and_o wonderful_a effect_n to_o admire_v and_o magnify_v the_o wisdom_n power_n and_o goodness_n of_o their_o author_n such_o a_o knowledge_n as_o this_o which_o be_v suit_v to_o our_o present_a condition_n we_o want_v not_o faculty_n to_o attain_v and_o we_o be_v fit_v well_o enough_o with_o ability_n to_o provide_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o live_v beside_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n we_o have_v of_o material_a substance_n by_o the_o simple_a idea_n tâ—â—en_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n which_o we_o experiment_n in_o ourselves_o as_o think_v understanding_n willing_a know_v etc._n etc._n coexi_v in_o the_o same_o substance_n we_o be_v able_a to_o frame_v the_o complex_n idea_n of_o a_o spirit_n and_o this_o idea_n of_o a_o immaterial_a substance_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o that_o we_o have_v of_o a_o material_a by_o join_v these_o with_o substance_n of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o spirit_n and_o by_o put_v together_o the_o idea_n of_o coherent_a solid_a part_n and_o power_n of_o be_v move_v join_v with_o substance_n of_o which_o likewise_o we_o have_v no_o positive_a idea_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o matter_n the_o one_o be_v so_o clear_a and_o distinct_a as_o the_o other_o the_o substance_n of_o spirit_n be_v unknown_a to_o we_o and_o so_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o body_n equal_o unknown_a to_o we_o two_o primary_n quality_n or_o property_n of_o body_n viz._n solid_a coherent_a part_n and_o impulse_n we_o have_v distinct_a clear_a idea_n of_o so_o likewise_o have_v we_o of_o two_o primary_n quality_n or_o property_n of_o spirit_n think_v and_o a_o power_n of_o action_n we_o have_v also_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o several_a quality_n inherent_a in_o body_n which_o be_v but_o the_o various_a modification_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o cohere_v solid_a part_n and_o their_o motion_n we_o have_v likewise_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o several_a mode_n of_o think_v viz._n believe_v doubt_v hope_v fear_v etc._n etc._n as_o also_o of_o willing_a and_o move_a the_o body_n consequent_a to_o it_o if_o this_o motion_n of_o spirit_n may_v have_v some_o difficulty_n in_o it_o not_o easy_a to_o be_v explain_v we_o have_v no_o more_o reason_n to_o deny_v or_o doubt_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o spirit_n than_o we_o have_v to_o deny_v or_o doubt_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o body_n because_o the_o notion_n of_o body_n be_v cumber_v with_o some_o difficulty_n very_o hard_o and_o perhaps_o impossible_a to_o be_v explain_v the_o divisibility_n in_o infinitum_fw-la for_o instance_n of_o any_o finite_a extension_n involve_v we_o whether_o we_o grant_v or_o deny_v it_o in_o consequence_n impossible_a to_o be_v explicate_v or_o make_v consistent_a we_o have_v therefore_o as_o much_o reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o our_o notion_n of_o spirit_n as_o with_o our_o notion_n of_o body_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o the_o supreme_a be_v but_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o existence_n power_n knowledge_n duration_n pleasure_n happiness_n and_o of_o several_a other_o quality_n and_o power_n which_o it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v than_o be_v without_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o infinite_a to_o each_o of_o these_o in_o which_o complex_n idea_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o simple_a one_o bate_v infinity_o which_o be_v not_o also_o a_o part_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o other_o spirit_n because_o in_o our_o idea_n as_o well_o of_o spirit_n as_o other_o thing_n we_o be_v restrain_v to_o those_o we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n there_o be_v other_o idea_n of_o substance_n which_o may_v be_v call_v collective_a which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o many_o particular_a substance_n consider_v as_o unite_v into_o one_o idea_n as_o a_o troop_n army_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o mind_n make_v by_o its_o power_n of_o composition_n these_o collective_a idea_n be_v but_o the_o artificial_a draught_n of_o the_o mind_n bring_v thing_n remote_a and_o independent_a into_o one_o view_n the_o better_a to_o contemplate_v and_o discourse_v of_o they_o unite_v into_o one_o conception_n and_o signify_v by_o one_o name_n for_o there_o be_v no_o thing_n so_o remote_a which_o the_o mind_n can_v by_o this_o art_n of_o composition_n bring_v into_o one_o idea_n as_o be_v visible_a in_o that_o signify_v by_o the_o name_n universe_n chap._n xxv_o of_o relation_n there_o be_v another_o sett_n of_o idea_n which_o the_o mind_n get_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o when_o the_o mind_n so_o consider_v one_o thing_n that_o it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v bring_v it_o to_o and_o set_v it_o by_o another_o and_o carry_v its_o view_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o this_o be_v relation_n or_o respect_n and_o the_o denomination_n give_v to_o thing_n intimate_v that_o respect_n be_v what_o we_o call_v relative_n and_o the_o thing_n so_o bring_v together_o relate_v thus_o when_o i_o call_v cajus_n husband_n or_o white_a i_o intimate_v some_o other_o person_n or_o thing_n in_o both_o case_n with_o which_o i_o compare_v he_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n may_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o relation_n where_o language_n have_v fail_v to_o give_v correlative_a name_n there_o the_o relation_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o in_o concubine_n which_o be_v a_o relative_n name_n as_o well_o as_o wife_n the_o idea_n of_o
those_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v their_o ingredient_n be_v determinate_a and_o certain_a the_o cause_n of_o obscurity_n in_o simple_a idea_n seem_v to_o be_v either_o dull_a organ_n or_o slight_a impression_n make_v by_o the_o object_n or_o a_o weakness_n in_o the_o memory_n not_o able_a to_o retain_v they_o as_o receive_v a_o distinct_a idea_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o mind_n perceive_v a_o difference_n from_o all_o other_o and_o a_o confuse_a be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v not_o sufficient_o distinguishable_a from_o another_o from_o which_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v different_a obscurity_n be_v oppose_v to_o clearness_n confusion_n to_o distinctness_n confusion_n be_v occasion_v chief_o by_o the_o follow_a default_n first_o when_o any_o complex_fw-la idea_n for_o it_o be_v complex_n idea_n that_o be_v most_o liable_a to_o confusion_n be_v make_v up_o of_o too_o small_a a_o number_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o such_o as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o thing_n whereby_o the_o difference_n that_o make_v it_o deserve_v a_o different_a name_n be_v leave_v out_o thus_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o leopard_n be_v conceive_v only_o as_o a_o spot_a beast_n be_v confuse_v it_o not_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o distinguish_v from_o a_o panther_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o beast_n that_o be_v spot_v second_o when_o the_o idea_n be_v so_o jumble_v together_o in_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o that_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o discernible_a whether_o it_o more_o belong_v to_o the_o name_n give_v it_o than_o to_o any_o other_o we_o may_v conceive_v this_o confusion_n by_o a_o sort_n of_o picture_n usual_o show_v wherein_o the_o colour_n mark_v out_o very_o odd_a and_o unusual_a figure_n and_o have_v no_o discernible_a order_n in_o their_o position_n this_o when_o say_v to_o be_v the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n or_o caesar_n we_o reckon_v confuse_v because_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a in_o that_o state_n to_o belong_v more_o to_o the_o name_n man_n or_o caesar_n than_o to_o the_o name_n baboon_n or_o pompey_n but_o when_o a_o cylindrical_a mirror_n right_o place_v have_v reduce_v those_o irregular_a line_n on_o the_o table_n into_o their_o due_a order_n and_o proportion_n than_o the_o eye_n present_o see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o man_n or_o caesar_n that_o be_v that_o it_o belong_v to_o those_o name_n and_o be_v sufficient_o distinguishable_a from_o a_o baboon_n or_o pompey_n that_o be_v from_o the_o idea_n signify_v by_o those_o name_n three_o when_o any_o one_o of_o our_o idea_n signify_v by_o a_o name_n be_v uncertain_a and_o undetermined_a thus_o he_o that_o put_v in_o or_o leave_v out_o a_o idea_n out_o of_o his_o complex_n one_o of_o church_n or_o idolatry_n every_o time_n that_o he_o think_v of_o either_o and_o hold_v not_o steady_a to_o any_o one_o precise_a combination_n of_o idea_n that_o make_v it_o up_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o confuse_a idea_n of_o church_n or_o idolatry_n confusion_n always_o concern_v two_o idea_n and_o those_o most_o which_o most_o approach_n one_o another_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n therefore_o we_o ought_v to_o examine_v what_o other_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v confound_v with_o or_o which_o it_o can_v easy_o be_v separate_v from_o and_o that_o will_v be_v find_v a_o idea_n belong_v to_o another_o name_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v a_o different_a thing_n from_o which_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o distinct_a and_o so_o keep_v not_o that_o difference_n from_o that_o other_o idea_n which_o the_o different_a name_n import_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o our_o complex_n idea_n may_v be_v very_o clear_a and_o distinct_a in_o one_o part_n and_o very_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a in_o another_o thus_o in_o chiliaedrum_n or_o body_n of_o a_o thousand_o side_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o figure_n may_v be_v confuse_v though_o that_o of_o the_o number_n be_v very_o distinct_a we_o can_v discourse_v and_o demonstrate_v concern_v that_o part_n of_o this_o complex_n idea_n which_o depend_v on_o the_o number_n thousand_o tho'_o it_o be_v plain_a we_o have_v no_o precise_a idea_n of_o its_o figure_n so_o as_o to_o distinguish_v it_o by_o that_o from_o one_o that_o have_v but_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o nine_o side_n the_o not_o observe_v this_o cause_v no_o small_a error_n in_o man_n thought_n and_o confusion_n in_o their_o discourse_n chap._n xxx_o of_o real_a and_o fantastical_a idea_n our_o idea_n in_o reference_n to_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v or_o which_o they_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o represent_v come_v under_o a_o threefold_a distinction_n and_o be_v first_o either_o real_a or_o fantastical_a second_o adequate_a or_o inadequate_a three_o true_a or_o false_a by_o real_a idea_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o have_v a_o foundation_n in_o nature_n such_o as_o have_v a_o conformity_n with_o the_o real_a be_v and_o existence_n of_o thing_n or_o with_o their_o archetype_n fantastical_a be_v such_o as_o have_v no_o foundation_n in_o nature_n nor_o any_o conformity_n with_o that_o reality_n of_o be_v to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v as_o to_o their_o archetype_n by_o examine_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o idea_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o first_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v all_o real_a not_o that_o they_o be_v image_n or_o representation_n of_o what_o do_v exist_v but_o as_o they_o be_v the_o certain_a effect_n of_o power_n in_o thing_n without_o we_o ordain_v by_o our_o maker_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o such_o sensation_n they_o be_v real_a idea_n in_o we_o whereby_o we_o distinguish_v the_o quality_n that_o be_v real_o in_o thing_n themselves_o their_o reality_n lie_v in_o the_o steady_a correspondence_n they_o have_v with_o the_o distinct_a constitution_n of_o real_a being_n but_o whether_o they_o answer_v to_o those_o constitution_n as_o to_o cause_n or_o pattern_n it_o matter_n not_o it_o suffice_v that_o they_o be_v constant_o produce_v by_o they_o complex_fw-la ideas_n be_v arbitrary_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n put_v together_o and_o unite_v under_o one_o general_a name_n in_o form_v of_o which_o the_o mind_n use_v its_o liberty_n we_o must_v inquire_v which_o of_o these_o be_v real_a and_o which_o imaginary_a combination_n and_o to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o first_o mix_v modes_n and_o relation_n have_v no_o other_o reality_n than_o what_o they_o have_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n nothing_o else_o be_v require_v to_o make_v they_o real_a but_o a_o possibility_n of_o exist_v conformable_a to_o they_o these_o idea_n be_v themselves_o archetype_n can_v differ_v from_o their_o archetype_n and_o so_o can_v be_v chimerical_a unless_o any_o one_o will_v jumble_v together_o in_o they_o inconsistent_a idea_n those_o indeed_o that_o have_v name_n assign_v they_o in_o any_o language_n must_v have_v a_o conformity_n to_o the_o ordinary_a signification_n of_o the_o name_n that_o be_v give_v they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v think_v fantastical_a second_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v in_o reference_n to_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o who_o representation_n they_o be_v think_v be_v no_o far_o real_a than_o as_o they_o be_v such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o be_v real_o unite_v and_o co-exist_a in_o thing_n without_o we_o those_o be_v fantastical_a which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o several_a idea_n that_o never_o be_v find_v unite_v as_o centaur_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxi_o of_o idea_n adequate_a or_o inadequate_a real_a idea_n be_v either_o 1._o adequate_a which_o perfect_o represent_v those_o archetype_n which_o the_o mind_n suppose_v they_o take_v from_o and_o which_o it_o make_v they_o to_o stand_v for_o second_o inadequate_a which_o be_v such_o as_o do_v but_o partial_o or_o incompleat_o represent_v those_o archetype_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v whence_o it_o appear_v first_o that_o all_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v adequate_a for_o they_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o certain_a power_n in_o thing_n fit_v and_o ordain_v by_o god_n to_o produce_v such_o sensation_n in_o we_o they_o can_v but_o be_v correspondent_n and_o adequate_a to_o such_o power_n and_o we_o be_v sure_o they_o agree_v to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n second_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o modes_n be_v voluntary_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o the_o mind_n put_v together_o without_o reference_n to_o any_o real_a archetype_n can_v but_o be_v adequate_a idea_n they_o be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o pattern_n nor_o make_v by_o any_o original_a but_o the_o goodliking_a and_o will_v of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o combination_n if_o indeed_o one_o will_v conform_v his_o idea_n to_o that_o which_o be_v form_v by_o another_o person_n it_o may_v be_v wrong_a or_o inadequate_a because_o they_o agree_v not_o to_o that_o which_o the_o mind_n design_n to_o be_v their_o archetype_n and_o pattern_n in_o which_o respect_n only_o any_o idea_n of_o modes_n can_v be_v wrong_a imperfect_a or_o inadequate_a three_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n have_v
in_o the_o mind_n a_o double_a reference_n first_o they_o be_v sometime_o refer_v to_o a_o suppose_a real_a essence_n of_o each_o species_n of_o thing_n second_o they_o be_v design_v for_o representation_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o thing_n that_o do_v exist_v by_o idea_n discoverable_a in_o they_o in_o both_o which_o respect_n they_o be_v inadaequate_a first_o if_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n stand_v for_o thing_n as_o suppose_v to_o have_v certain_a real_a essence_n whereby_o they_o be_v of_o this_o or_o that_o species_n of_o which_o real_a essence_n man_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a and_o know_v nothing_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o the_o idea_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mind_n be_v refer_v to_o real_a essence_n as_o archetype_n which_o be_v unknown_a they_o must_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v adequate_a that_o they_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v any_o representation_n of_o they_o at_o all_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v nothing_o but_o certain_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o have_v be_v observe_v or_o suppose_v constant_o to_o exist_v together_o but_o such_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n can_v be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o any_o substance_n for_o then_o the_o property_n we_o discover_v in_o it_o will_v be_v deducible_a from_o it_o and_o their_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o it_o be_v know_v as_o all_o the_o property_n of_o a_o triangle_n depend_v on_o and_o be_v deducible_a from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o three_o line_n include_v a_o space_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o contain_v in_o such_o idea_n on_o which_o all_o the_o other_o quality_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o depend_v second_o those_o that_o take_v their_o idea_n of_o substance_n from_o their_o sensible_a quality_n can_v form_v adequate_a idea_n of_o they_o because_o their_o quality_n and_o power_n be_v so_o various_a that_o no_o man_n complex_n idaea_n can_v contain_v they_o all_o most_o of_o our_o simple_a idea_n whereof_o our_o complex_n one_o of_o substance_n do_v consist_v be_v power_n which_o be_v relation_n to_o other_o substance_n we_o can_v be_v sure_a we_o know_v all_o the_o power_n till_o we_o have_v try_v what_o change_v they_o be_v fit_v to_o give_v and_o receive_v from_o other_o substance_n in_o their_o several_a way_n of_o application_n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v try_v upon_o one_o body_n much_o less_o upon_o all_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v have_v adequate_a idea_n of_o any_o substance_n make_v of_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o its_o property_n chap._n xxxii_o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n truth_n and_o falsehood_n in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n belong_v only_o to_o proposition_n and_o when_o idea_n be_v term_v true_a or_o false_a there_o be_v some_o secret_a or_o tacit_n proposition_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o denomination_n our_o idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o appearance_n or_o perception_n in_o the_o mind_n can_v in_o strictness_n of_o speech_n no_o more_o be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a than_o single_a name_n of_o thing_n the_o idea_n of_o centaur_n have_v no_o more_o falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o appear_v in_o our_o mind_n than_o the_o name_n centaur_n when_o it_o be_v pronounce_v or_o write_v on_o paper_n for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n lie_v always_o in_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n our_o idea_n be_v not_o capable_a any_o of_o they_o of_o be_v false_a till_o the_o mind_n pass_v some_o judgement_n on_o they_o that_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v something_o of_o they_o in_o a_o metaphysical_a sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a that_o be_v to_o be_v real_o such_o as_o they_o exist_v though_o in_o thing_n call_v true_a even_o in_o that_o sense_n there_o be_v perhaps_o a_o secret_a reference_n to_o our_o idea_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o standard_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o mental_a proposition_n when_o the_o mind_n refer_v any_o of_o its_o idea_n to_o any_o thing_n extraneous_a to_o it_o they_o be_v then_o capable_a of_o be_v true_a or_o false_a because_o in_o such_o a_o reference_n the_o mind_n make_v a_o tacit_n supposition_n of_o their_o conformity_n to_o that_o thing_n which_o supposition_n as_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a so_o the_o idea_n themselves_o come_v to_o be_v denominate_v this_o happen_v in_o these_o case_n first_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v its_o idea_n conformable_a to_o that_o in_o other_o man_n mind_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n such_o as_o that_o of_o justice_n virtue_n etc._n etc._n second_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n conformable_a to_o some_o real_a existence_n thus_o that_o of_o a_o man_n be_v true_a that_o of_o centaur_n false_a the_o one_o have_v a_o conformity_n to_o what_o have_v real_o exi_v the_o other_o not_o three_o when_o the_o mind_n refer_v any_o of_o its_o idea_n to_o that_o real_a constitution_n and_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n whereon_o all_o its_o property_n depend_v and_o thus_o the_o great_a part_n if_o not_o all_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v false_a as_o to_o the_o first_o when_o we_o judge_v of_o our_o idea_n by_o their_o conformity_n to_o those_o of_o other_o man_n they_o may_v be_v any_o of_o they_o false_a but_o simple_a idea_n be_v least_o liable_a to_o be_v so_o mistake_v we_o seldom_o mistake_v green_a for_o blue_n or_o bitter_a for_o sweet_a much_o less_o do_v we_o confound_v the_o name_n belong_v to_o different_a sense_n and_o call_v a_o colour_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o taste_n complex_fw-la idea_n be_v much_o more_o liable_a to_o falsehood_n in_o this_o particular_a and_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n more_o than_o substance_n because_o in_o substance_n their_o sensible_a quality_n serve_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o distinguish_v they_o clear_o but_o in_o mix_a modes_n we_o be_v more_o uncertain_a and_o we_o may_v call_v that_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v by_o another_o name_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v that_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v man_n voluntary_a combination_n of_o such_o a_o precise_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o refer_v our_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n as_o standard_n to_o but_o the_o idea_n of_o those_o who_o be_v think_v to_o use_v name_n in_o their_o proper_a signification_n and_o so_o as_o our_o idea_n conform_v or_o differ_v from_o they_o they_o pass_v for_o true_a or_o false_a as_o to_o the_o second_o when_o we_o refer_v our_o idea_n to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n none_o can_v be_v term_v false_a but_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n for_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o perception_n in_o we_o answerable_a to_o certain_a power_n in_o external_a object_n their_o truth_n consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o such_o appearance_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o suitable_a to_o those_o power_n neither_o do_v they_o become_v liable_a to_o the_o imputation_n of_o falsehood_n whether_o we_o judge_v these_o idea_n to_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o no._n for_o god_n have_v set_v they_o as_o mark_v of_o distinguish_a thing_n that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o discern_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o and_o thereby_o choose_v they_o as_o we_o have_v occasion_n it_o alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o simple_a idea_n whether_o we_o think_v the_o idea_n of_o blue_n for_o instance_n to_o be_v in_o the_o violet_n itself_o or_o in_o the_o mind_n only_o and_o it_o be_v equal_o from_o that_o appearance_n to_o be_v denominate_v blue_a whether_o it_o be_v that_o real_a colour_n or_o only_o a_o peculiar_a texture_n in_o it_o that_o cause_n in_o we_o that_o idea_n since_o the_o name_n blue_a note_n proper_o nothing_o but_o that_o mark_n of_o distinction_n that_o be_v in_o a_o violet_n discernible_a only_o by_o our_o eye_n whatever_o it_o consist_v in_o neither_o will_v our_o simple_a idea_n be_v false_a if_o by_o the_o different_a structure_n of_o our_o organ_n it_o be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o same_o object_n shall_v produce_v in_o several_a man_n mind_n different_a idea_n for_o this_o can_v never_o be_v know_v since_o object_n will_v operate_v constant_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v most_o probable_a nevertheless_o that_o the_o idea_n produce_v by_o object_n in_o different_a man_n mind_n be_v very_o near_o and_o undiscernible_o like_a name_n of_o simple_a idea_n may_v be_v mis-applied_n as_o a_o man_n ignorant_a in_o the_o english_a tongue_n may_v call_v purple_a scarlet_n but_o this_o make_v no_o falsehood_n in_o the_o idea_n complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n can_v be_v false_a in_o reference_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n real_o exist_v because_o they_o have_v no_o reference_n to_o any_o pattern_n exist_v or_o
make_v by_o nature_n our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n be_v all_o refer_v to_o pattern_n in_o thing_n themselves_o may_v be_v false_a they_o be_v so_o first_o when_o look_v upon_o as_o representation_n of_o the_o unknown_a essence_n of_o thing_n second_o when_o they_o put_v together_o simple_a idea_n which_o in_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n have_v no_o union_n as_o in_o centaur_n three_o when_o from_o any_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o do_v always_o exist_v together_o there_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o direct_a negation_n any_o one_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v constant_o join_v with_o they_o thus_o if_o from_o extension_n solidity_n fixedness_n malleableness_n fusibility_n etc._n etc._n we_o remove_v the_o colour_n observe_v in_o gold_n if_o this_o idea_n be_v only_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o gold_n it_o be_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o inadequate_a and_o imperfect_a rather_o than_o a_o false_a one_o since_o tho'_o it_o contain_v not_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o nature_n yet_o it_o put_v none_o together_o but_o what_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v that_o our_o idea_n as_o they_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o mind_n either_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o their_o name_n or_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n may_v more_o proproper_o be_v call_v right_o or_o wrong_a idea_n according_a as_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o those_o pattern_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o man_n mind_n simple_o consider_v can_v be_v wrong_a unless_o complex_n idea_n wherein_o inconsistent_a part_n be_v jumble_v together_o all_o other_o idea_n be_v in_o themselves_o right_o and_o the_o knowledge_n about_o they_o right_o and_o true_a knowledge_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o any_o pattern_n or_o archetype_n than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v wrong_n as_o far_o as_o they_o disagree_v with_o such_o archetype_n have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o original_a sort_n and_o extent_n of_o our_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o material_n of_o our_o knowledge_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o show_v what_o use_n the_o understanding_n make_v of_o they_o and_o what_o knowledge_n we_o have_v by_o they_o i_o find_v it_o necessary_a because_o of_o that_o close_a connexion_n between_o idea_n and_o word_n and_o that_o constant_a relation_n which_o our_o abstract_a idea_n and_o general_a word_n have_v one_o with_o another_o to_o consider_v first_o the_o nature_n use_v and_o signification_n of_o language_n which_o therefore_o must_v be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o next_o book_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._o of_o word_n or_o language_n in_o general_n god_n have_v design_v man_n for_o a_o sociable_a creature_n make_v he_o not_o only_o with_o a_o inclination_n and_o under_o a_o necessity_n to_o have_v fellowship_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n but_o furnish_v he_o also_o with_o language_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o great_a instrument_n and_o common_a tie_n of_o society_n man_n therefore_o have_v by_o nature_n his_o organ_n so_o fashion_v as_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o frame_v articulate_v sound_n which_o we_o call_v word_n but_o beside_o articulate_v sound_n which_o bird_n may_v be_v teach_v to_o imitate_v it_o be_v further_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o use_v these_o sound_n as_o sign_n of_o internal_a conception_n and_o make_v they_o stand_v as_o mark_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o his_o mind_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o other_o but_o neither_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o the_o perfection_n of_o language_n that_o sound_n can_v be_v make_v sign_n of_o idea_n unless_o these_o can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o so_o as_o to_o comprehend_v several_a particular_a thing_n for_o the_o multiplication_n of_o word_n will_v have_v perplex_v their_o use_n have_v every_o particular_a thing_n need_v of_o a_o distinct_a name_n to_o be_v signify_v by_o to_o remedy_v this_o inconvenience_n language_n have_v yet_o a_o far_a improvement_n in_o the_o use_n of_o general_n term_n whereby_o one_o word_n be_v make_v to_o mark_v a_o multitude_n of_o particular_a existence_n which_o advantageous_a use_n of_o sound_n be_v obtain_v only_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o be_v make_v sign_n of_o those_o name_n become_v general_a which_o be_v make_v to_o stand_v for_o general_a idea_n and_o those_o remain_a particular_a where_o the_o idea_n they_o be_v use_v for_o be_v particular_a there_o be_v other_o word_n which_o signify_v the_o want_n or_o absence_n of_o idea_n as_o ignorance_n barrenness_n etc._n etc._n which_o relate_v to_o positive_a idea_n and_o signify_v their_o absence_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o word_n which_o stand_v for_o action_n and_o notion_n quite_o remove_v from_o sense_n be_v borrow_v from_o sensible_a idea_n v_o g._n to_o imagine_v apprehend_v comprehend_v understand_v adhere_v conceive_v instill_v disgust_n disturbance_n tranquillity_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v all_o take_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o thing_n sensible_a and_o apply_v to_o modes_n of_o think_v spirit_n in_o its_o primary_n signification_n be_v no_o more_o than_o breath_n angel_n a_o messenger_n by_o which_o we_o may_v guess_v what_o kind_n of_o notion_n they_o be_v and_o whence_o derive_v which_o fill_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o first_o beginner_n of_o language_n and_o how_o nature_n even_o in_o the_o name_n of_o thing_n unaware_o suggest_v to_o man_n the_o original_n of_o all_o their_o knowledge_n whilst_o to_o give_v name_n that_o may_v make_v know_v to_o other_o any_o operation_n they_o feel_v in_o themselves_o or_o any_o other_o idea_n that_o come_v not_o under_o their_o sense_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o borrow_v word_n from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o know_v idea_n of_o sensation_n the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o use_n and_o force_n of_o language_n as_o subservient_fw-fr to_o knowledge_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o consider_v first_o to_o what_o it_o be_v that_o name_n in_o the_o use_n of_o language_n be_v immediate_o apply_v second_o since_o all_o except_o proper_a name_n be_v general_n and_o so_o stand_v not_o for_o this_o or_o that_o single_a thing_n but_o for_o sort_n and_o rank_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o those_o sort_n and_o kind_n of_o thing_n be_v wherein_o they_o consist_v and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v make_v this_o shall_v be_v consider_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap_n ii_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n man_n tho'_o he_o have_v great_a variety_n of_o thought_n yet_o be_v they_o all_o within_o his_o own_o breast_n invisible_a and_o hide_a from_o other_o nor_o can_v of_o themselves_o be_v make_v to_o appear_v it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o for_o the_o comfort_n and_o advantage_n of_o society_n that_o man_n shall_v find_v out_o some_o external_n sign_n whereby_o those_o invisible_a idea_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o other_o for_o which_o purpose_v nothing_o be_v so_o fit_a either_o for_o plenty_n or_o quickness_n as_o those_o articulate_v sound_n he_o find_v himself_o able_a to_o make_v hence_o word_n come_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o man_n as_o sign_n of_o their_o idea_n not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o natural_a connexion_n between_o articulate_v sound_n and_o certain_a idea_n for_o then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o language_n among_o all_o man_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a imposition_n whereby_o such_o a_o word_n be_v make_v arbitrary_o the_o mark_n of_o such_o a_o idea_n the_o use_n then_o of_o word_n be_v to_o be_v sensible_a mark_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v their_o proper_a and_o immediate_a signification_n in_o which_o they_o stand_v for_o nothing_o more_o but_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o use_v they_o for_o when_o a_o man_n speak_v to_o another_o it_o be_v that_o he_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o be_v that_o his_o sound_n may_v make_v know_v his_o idea_n to_o the_o hearer_n word_n be_v voluntary_a sign_n can_v be_v impose_v on_o thing_n we_o know_v not_o this_o will_v be_v to_o make_v they_o sign_n of_o nothing_o sound_v without_o signification_n a_o man_n can_v make_v his_o word_n the_o sign_n either_o of_o quality_n in_o thing_n or_o of_o conception_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o another_o whereof_o he_o have_v none_o in_o his_o own_o word_n in_o all_o man_n mouth_n that_o speak_v with_o any_o meaning_n stand_v for_o the_o idea_n which_o those_o that_o use_v they_o have_v and_o which_o they_o will_v express_v by_o they_o thus_o a_o child_n that_o take_v notice_n of_o nothing_o more_o in_o the_o metal_n he_o hear_v call_v gold_n than_o the_o yellow_a colour_n call_v the_o same_o colour_n in_o a_o peacock_n tail_n gold_n another_o that_o have_v better_a observe_v add_v to_o shine_v yellow_a
great_a weight_n and_o then_o the_o sound_a gold_n stand_v when_o he_o use_v it_o for_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o shine_a yellow_a and_o very_o weighty_a substance_n tho'_o word_n signify_v proper_o nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n in_o man_n mind_n yet_o they_o be_v in_o their_o thought_n secret_o refer_v to_o two_o other_o thing_n first_o they_o suppose_v their_o word_n to_o be_v mark_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o man_n with_o who_o they_o communicate_v else_o they_o can_v not_o discourse_v intelligible_o with_o one_o another_o in_o this_o case_n man_n stand_v not_o to_o examine_v whether_o their_o idea_n and_o those_o of_o other_o man_n be_v the_o same_o they_o think_v it_o enough_o that_o they_o use_v the_o word_n in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o that_o language_n second_o they_o suppose_v their_o word_n to_o stand_v also_o for_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n word_n then_o be_v immediate_o the_o sign_n of_o man_n idea_n whereby_o they_o express_v their_o thought_n and_o imagination_n to_o other_o there_o arise_v by_o constant_a use_n such_o a_o connexion_n between_o certain_a sound_n and_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o that_o the_o name_n hear_v almost_o as_o ready_o excite_v certain_a idea_n as_o if_o the_o object_n themselves_o be_v present_a to_o the_o sense_n and_o because_o we_o examine_v not_o precise_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n we_o often_o in_o attentive_a consideration_n set_v our_o thought_n more_o on_o word_n than_o thing_n nay_o some_o because_o we_o often_o learn_v word_n before_o we_o know_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o speak_v several_a word_n no_o otherwise_o than_o parrot_n do_v without_o any_o meaning_n at_o all_o but_o so_o far_o as_o word_n be_v of_o use_n and_o signification_n so_o far_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a connexion_n between_o the_o sound_n and_o idea_n and_o a_o designation_n that_o the_o one_o stand_v for_o the_o other_o without_o which_o application_n of_o they_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o insignificant_a noise_n since_o than_o word_n signify_v only_a man_n peculiar_a idea_n and_o that_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a imposition_n it_o follow_v that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o inviolable_a liberty_n to_o make_v word_n stand_v for_o what_o idea_n he_o please_v it_o be_v true_a common_a use_n by_o a_o tacit_n consent_n appropriate_v certain_a sound_n to_o certain_a idea_n in_o all_o language_n which_o so_o far_o limit_n the_o signification_n of_o each_o sound_n that_o unless_o a_o man_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o same_o idea_n he_o can_v speak_v proper_o and_o unless_o a_o man_n word_n excite_v the_o same_o idea_n in_o the_o hearer_n which_o he_o make_v they_o stand_v for_o in_o speak_v he_o can_v speak_v intelligible_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o any_o man_n use_n of_o word_n different_a either_o from_o their_o public_a use_n or_o that_o of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o address_v they_o this_o be_v certain_a their_o signification_n in_o his_o use_n of_o they_o be_v limit_v to_o his_o idea_n and_o they_o can_v be_v sign_n of_o nothing_o else_o chap._n iii_o of_o general_a term_n all_o thing_n that_o exist_v be_v particular_n it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o word_n shall_v be_v so_o too_o in_o their_o signification_n but_o we_o find_v it_o quite_o contrary_a for_o most_o of_o the_o word_n that_o make_v all_o language_n be_v general_a term_n this_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o reason_n and_o necessity_n for_o first_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o every_o particular_a thing_n shall_v have_v a_o distinct_a peculiar_a name_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o every_o particular_a thing_n to_o retain_v its_o name_n with_o its_o peculiar_a appropriation_n to_o that_o idea_n second_o it_o will_v be_v useless_a unless_o all_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v these_o same_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n for_o name_n apply_v to_o particular_a thing_n whereof_o i_o alone_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n can_v not_o be_v significant_a or_o intelligible_a to_o another_o who_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o all_o those_o particular_a thing_n which_o have_v fall_v under_o my_o notice_n three_o it_o will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n which_o tho'_o found_v in_o particular_a thing_n enlarge_v itself_o by_o general_a view_n to_o which_o thing_n reduce_v into_o sort_n under_o general_a name_n be_v proper_o subservient_fw-fr in_o thing_n where_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v and_o discourse_n of_o individual_n and_o particular_n we_o use_v proper_a name_n as_o in_o person_n country_n city_n river_n mountain_n etc._n etc._n thus_o we_o see_v that_o jockey_n have_v particular_a name_n for_o their_o horse_n because_o they_o often_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v this_o or_o that_o particular_a horse_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o sight_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v how_o general_a word_n come_v to_o be_v make_v word_n become_v general_a by_o be_v make_v sign_n of_o general_a idea_n idea_n become_v general_a by_o separate_v from_o they_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n place_n or_o any_o other_o idea_n that_o may_v determinate_a they_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a existence_n by_o this_o way_n of_o abstraction_n they_o become_v capable_a of_o represent_v more_o individual_n than_o one_o each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o conformity_n to_o that_o abstract_n idea_n be_v of_o that_o sort_n but_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o trace_v our_o notion_n and_o name_n from_o their_o beginning_n and_o observe_v by_o what_o degree_n we_o proceed_v and_o enlarge_v our_o idea_n from_o our_o first_o infancy_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o first_o idea_n child_n get_v be_v only_o particular_a as_o of_o the_o nurse_n or_o mother_n and_o the_o name_n they_o give_v they_o be_v confine_v to_o these_o individual_n afterward_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n that_o resemble_v they_o in_o shape_n and_o other_o quality_n they_o frame_v a_o idea_n which_o they_o find_v those_o many_o particular_n do_v partake_v in_o to_o that_o they_o give_v with_o other_o the_o name_n man_n for_o example_n in_o this_o they_o make_v nothing_o new_a but_o only_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o complex_n idea_n they_o have_v of_o peter_n james_n mary_n etc._n etc._n that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o each_o and_o retain_v only_o what_o be_v common_a to_o all_o and_o thus_o they_o come_v to_o have_v a_o general_a name_n and_o a_o general_a idea_n by_o the_o same_o method_n they_o advance_v to_o more_o general_a name_n and_o notion_n for_o observe_v several_a thing_n that_o differ_v from_o their_o idea_n of_o man_n and_o can_v therefore_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o name_n to_o agree_v with_o man_n in_o some_o certain_a quality_n by_o retain_v only_o those_o quality_n and_o unite_n they_o into_o one_o idea_n they_o have_v another_o more_o general_a idea_n to_o which_o give_v a_o name_n they_o make_v a_o term_n of_o a_o more_o comprehensive_a extension_n thus_o by_o leave_v out_o the_o shape_n and_o some_o other_o property_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n man_n and_o retain_v only_o a_o body_n with_o life_n sense_n and_o spontaneous_a motion_n we_o form_v the_o idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n animal_n by_o the_o same_o way_n the_o mind_n proceed_v to_o body_n substance_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v thing_n and_o such_o universal_a term_n which_o stand_v for_o any_o idea_n whatsoever_o hence_o we_o see_v that_o the_o whole_a mystery_n of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o abstract_a idea_n more_o or_o less_o comprehensive_a with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o this_o show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o define_v word_n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la namely_o to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o enumerate_v the_o several_a simple_a idea_n which_o the_o next_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o general_n term_n than_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n they_o be_v invention_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o concern_v only_a sign_n either_o word_n or_o idea_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o kind_n of_o signification_n it_o be_v that_o general_a word_n have_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o do_v not_o bare_o signify_v one_o particular_a thing_n for_o than_o they_o will_v not_o be_v general_a term_n but_o proper_a name_n neither_o do_v they_o signify_v a_o plurality_n for_o then_o man_n and_o man_n will_v signify_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o they_o signify_v be_v a_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o this_o they_o do_v by_o be_v make_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o abstract_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o which_o idea_n as_o thing_n exist_v be_v find_v to_o agree_v so_o they_o come_v to_o be_v rank_v under_o that_o name_n or_o to_o be_v of_o that_o sort_n the_o essence_n then_o
of_o the_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v nothing_o but_o these_o abstract_a idea_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v here_o that_o nature_n make_v thing_n alike_o and_o so_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o sort_v and_o cleanse_v but_o the_o sort_n of_o species_n themselves_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o human_a understanding_n so_o that_o every_o distinct_a abstract_a idea_n be_v a_o distinct_a essence_n and_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o such_o distinct_a idea_n be_v the_o name_n of_o thing_n essential_o different_a thus_o oval_a circle_n rain_n and_o snow_n be_v essential_o different_a to_o make_v this_o clear_a it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o consider_v the_o several_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n essence_n first_o it_o may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o very_o be_v of_o any_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v thus_o the_o real_a internal_a but_o unknown_a constitution_n in_o substance_n may_v be_v call_v their_o essence_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n second_o in_o the_o school_n the_o word_n essence_n have_v be_v almost_o whole_o apply_v to_o the_o artificial_a constitution_n of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v ordinary_o suppose_v a_o real_a constitution_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n there_o must_v be_v some_o real_a constitution_n on_o which_o any_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n co-existing_a must_v depend_v but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o thing_n be_v rank_v into_o sort_n under_o name_n only_o as_o they_o agree_v to_o certain_a abstract_n idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v those_o name_n the_o essence_n of_o each_o genus_fw-la or_o species_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o abstract_a idea_n which_o the_o name_n stand_v for_o this_o the_o word_n essence_n import_v in_o its_o most_o familiar_a use_n these_o two_o sort_n of_o essence_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v term_v the_o one_o real_a the_o other_o nominal_a between_o the_o nominal_a essence_n and_o the_o name_n there_o be_v so_o near_o a_o connexion_n that_o the_o name_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o any_o particular_a be_v but_o what_o have_v the_o essence_n whereby_o it_o answer_v that_o abstract_a idea_n whereof_o that_o name_n be_v the_o sign_n concern_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n there_o be_v two_o opinion_n first_o some_o use_v the_o word_n essence_n for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o suppose_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o those_o essence_n according_a to_o which_o all_o natural_a thing_n be_v make_v and_o of_o which_o they_o equal_o partake_v and_o do_v become_v of_o this_o or_o of_o that_o species_n second_o other_o look_v on_o all_o natural_a thing_n to_o have_v a_o real_a but_o unknown_a constitution_n of_o their_o insensible_a part_n from_o whence_o flow_v their_o sensible_a quality_n which_o serve_v we_o to_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o rank_v they_o into_o sort_n under_o common_a denomination_n the_o former_a supposition_n seem_v irreconcilable_a with_o the_o frequent_a production_n of_o monster_n in_o all_o the_o species_n of_o animal_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o two_o thing_n partake_v of_o the_o same_o real_a essence_n shall_v have_v different_a property_n but_o be_v there_o no_o other_o reason_n against_o it_o yet_o the_o supposition_n of_o essence_n which_o can_v be_v know_v and_o yet_o the_o make_v they_o to_o be_v that_o which_o distinguish_v the_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v so_o whole_o useless_a and_o unserviceable_a to_o any_o part_n of_o knowledge_n that_o that_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v we_o lay_v it_o by_o we_o may_v far_o observe_v that_o the_o nominal_a and_o real_a essence_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n be_v always_o the_o same_o but_o in_o substance_n always_o quite_o different_a thus_o a_o figure_n include_v a_o space_n between_o three_o line_n be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n it_o be_v that_o foundation_n from_o which_o all_o its_o property_n flow_v and_o to_o which_o they_o be_v inseparable_o annex_v but_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o gold_n or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o substance_n it_o be_v the_o real_a constitution_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n on_o which_o depend_v all_o those_o property_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o it_o which_o constitution_n since_o we_o know_v not_o nor_o have_v any_o particular_a idea_n of_o we_o can_v have_v no_o name_n that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v its_o colour_n weight_n fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v gold_n or_o give_v it_o a_o right_a to_o that_o name_n which_o be_v therefore_o its_o nominal_a essence_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v gold_n but_o what_o have_v a_o conformity_n to_o that_o abstract_a complex_n idea_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v annex_v that_o essence_n be_v but_o abstract_a idea_n may_v far_o appear_v by_o their_o be_v hold_v ingenerable_a and_o incorruptible_a this_o can_v be_v true_a of_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o thing_n all_o thing_n in_o nature_n save_o the_o author_n of_o it_o be_v liable_a to_o change_v their_o real_a essence_n and_o constitution_n be_v destroy_v and_o perish_v but_o as_o they_o be_v idea_n establish_v in_o the_o mind_n they_o remain_v immutable_a for_o whatever_o become_v of_o alexander_n or_o bucephalus_n the_o idea_n of_o man_n and_o horse_n remain_v the_o same_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o species_n rest_v safe_a and_o entire_a without_o the_o existence_n of_o one_o individual_a of_o that_o kind_n it_o be_v evident_a then_o that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o the_o immutability_n of_o essence_n be_v found_v only_o on_o the_o relation_n establish_v between_o abstract_a idea_n and_o certain_a sound_n and_o will_v always_o be_v true_a as_o long_o as_o the_o same_o name_n can_v have_v the_o same_o signification_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v tho'_o they_o signify_v nothing_o immediate_o but_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n yet_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n mix_v modes_n and_o natural_a substance_n have_v each_o of_o they_o something_o peculiar_a and_o first_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n with_o the_o abstract_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n intimate_v some_o real_a existence_n from_o which_o be_v derive_v their_o original_a pattern_n but_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n terminate_v in_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n second_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n signify_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n signify_v rare_o if_o ever_o any_o thing_n but_o bare_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o those_o species_n three_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o definition_n those_o of_o complex_n idea_n be_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v show_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o a_o definition_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o show_v the_o meaning_n of_o one_o word_n by_o several_a other_o not_o synonymous_n term_n the_o meaning_n of_o word_n be_v only_o the_o idea_n they_o be_v make_v to_o stand_v for_o the_o meaning_n of_o any_o term_n be_v then_o show_v or_o the_o word_n define_v when_o by_o other_o word_n the_o idea_n it_o be_v make_v the_o sign_n of_o be_v as_o it_o be_v represent_v or_o set_v before_o the_o view_n of_o another_o and_o thus_o its_o signification_n ascertain_v the_o name_n then_o of_o simple_a idea_n be_v incapable_a of_o be_v define_v because_o the_o several_a term_n of_o a_o definition_n signify_v several_a idea_n they_o can_v altogether_o by_o no_o mean_n represent_v a_o idea_n which_o have_v no_o composition_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o a_o definition_n which_o be_v but_o the_o show_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o one_o word_n by_o several_a other_o not_o signify_v each_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v in_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v no_o place_n the_o not_o observe_v this_o difference_n in_o our_o idea_n have_v occasion_v those_o trisle_a definition_n which_o be_v give_v we_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n such_o as_o be_v that_o of_o motion_n viz._n the_o act_n of_o a_o be_v in_o power_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o in_o power_n the_o atomist_n who_o define_v motion_n to_o be_v a_o passage_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o what_o do_v they_o more_o than_o put_v one_o synonymous_n word_n for_o another_o for_o what_o be_v passage_n other_o than_o a_o motion_n nor_o will_v the_o successive_a application_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o one_o body_n to_o those_o of_o another_o which_o the_o cartesian_o give_v we_o prove_v a_o much_o
better_a definition_n of_o motion_n when_o well_o examine_v the_o act_n of_o perspicuous_a as_o far_o forth_o as_o perspicuous_a be_v another_o peripatetic_a definition_n of_o a_o simple_a idea_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a can_v never_o make_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n light_n which_o it_o pretend_v to_o define_v understand_v by_o a_o blind_a man_n and_o when_o the_o cartesian_o tell_v we_o that_o light_n be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a globule_n strike_v brisk_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n these_o word_n will_v never_o make_v the_o idea_n the_o word_n light_n stand_v for_o know_v to_o a_o man_n that_o understand_v it_o not_o before_o simple_n idea_n then_o can_v only_o be_v get_v by_o the_o impression_n object_n make_v on_o our_o mind_n by_o the_o proper_a inletts_a appoint_v to_o each_o sort_n if_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v this_o way_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o world_n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o word_n be_v sound_n can_v produce_v in_o we_o no_o other_o simple_a idea_n but_o sound_v nor_o excite_v any_o in_o we_o but_o by_o that_o voluntary_a connexion_n which_o they_o have_v with_o some_o idea_n which_o common_a use_n have_v make_v they_o sign_n of_o and_o therefore_o he_o that_o have_v not_o before_o receive_v into_o his_o mind_n by_o the_o proper_a inlett_a the_o simple_a idea_n which_o any_o word_n stand_v for_o can_v never_o come_v to_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n by_o any_o other_o word_n or_o sound_n whatsoever_o but_o in_o complex_n ideas_n which_o consist_v of_o several_a simple_a one_o the_o cause_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o for_o word_n stand_v for_o those_o several_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o the_o composition_n may_v imprint_v complex_n idea_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o never_o be_v there_o before_o and_o so_o make_v their_o name_n be_v understand_v in_o they_o definition_n take_v place_n thus_o the_o word_n rainbow_n to_o one_o who_o know_v all_o those_o colour_n but_o yet_o have_v never_o see_v that_o phaenomenon_n may_v by_o enumerate_v the_o figure_n largeness_n position_n and_o order_n of_o the_o colour_n be_v so_o well_o define_v that_o it_o may_v be_v perfect_o understand_v the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n substance_n and_o mix_v modes_n have_v also_o this_o disserence_n that_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n stand_v for_o idea_n perfect_o ararbitrary_a those_o of_o substance_n be_v not_o perfect_o so_o but_o refer_v to_o a_o pattern_n tho'_o with_o some_o latitude_n and_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n be_v perfect_o take_v from_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n and_o be_v not_o arbitrary_a at_o all_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a modes_n differ_v little_a from_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o relation_n the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v general_a stand_v for_o abstract_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n as_o other_o general_a name_n do_v but_o they_o have_v something_o peculiar_a which_o may_v deserve_v our_o attention_n and_o first_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o or_o if_o you_o please_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o several_a species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v make_v by_o the_o understanding_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n second_o they_o be_v make_v arbitrary_o without_o pattern_n or_o reference_n to_o any_o real_a existence_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o substance_n the_o mind_n unite_v and_o retain_v certain_a collection_n as_o so_o many_o distinct_a specific_a idea_n whilst_o other_o combination_n that_o as_o often_o in_o nature_n occur_v and_o be_v as_o plain_o suggest_v by_o outward_a thing_n pass_v neglect_v without_o particular_a name_n or_o specification_n the_o mind_n in_o form_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v no_o new_a idea_n but_o only_o put_v together_o those_o which_o it_o have_v before_o wherein_o it_o do_v three_o thing_n first_o it_o choose_v a_o certain_a number_n second_o it_o give_v they_o connexion_n and_o make_v they_o into_o one_o idea_n three_o it_o tie_v they_o together_o by_o a_o name_n all_o this_o may_v be_v do_v before_o any_o one_o individual_a of_o that_o species_n of_o modes_n ever_o exi_v as_o the_o idea_n of_o sacrilege_n or_o adultery_n may_v be_v frame_v before_o either_o of_o they_o be_v ever_o commit_v and_o we_o can_v doubt_v but_o lawmaker_n have_v often_o make_v law_n about_o species_n of_o action_n which_o be_v only_o the_o creature_n of_o their_o own_o understanding_n but_o tho'_o mix_a modes_n depend_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v make_v arbitrary_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o make_v at_o random_n and_o jumble_v together_o without_o any_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o be_v always_o make_v for_o the_o convenience_n of_o communication_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o language_n and_o therefore_o such_o combination_n be_v only_o make_v as_o man_n have_v frequent_a occasion_n to_o mention_v thus_o man_n have_v join_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o kill_v the_o idea_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o so_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n from_o the_o kill_v a_o man_n son_n or_o neighbour_n because_o of_o the_o different_a heinousness_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o the_o distinct_a punishment_n due_a to_o it_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o mention_v it_o by_o a_o distinct_a name_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o make_v that_o distinct_a combination_n in_o mix_a modes_n it_o be_v the_o name_n that_o seem_v to_o preserve_v their_o essence_n and_o to_o give_v they_o their_o last_a duration_n the_o collection_n of_o idea_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n but_o the_o name_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o knot_n which_o tie_v they_o fast_o together_o hence_o we_o seldom_o take_v any_o other_o for_o distinct_a species_n of_o mix_a modes_n but_o such_o as_o be_v set_v out_o by_o name_n we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n always_o signify_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o abstract_n complex_fw-la idea_n and_o not_o refer_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o supposition_n of_o any_o thing_n more_o signify_v by_o any_o name_n of_o a_o mix_a mode_n but_o bare_o that_o complex_n idea_n the_o mind_n it_o self_n have_v form_v which_o when_o the_o mind_n have_v form_v be_v all_o it_o will_v express_v by_o it_o and_o be_v that_o on_o which_o all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o species_n depend_v and_o from_o which_o alone_o they_o flow_v and_o so_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o this_o also_o show_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v common_o get_v before_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v perfect_o know_v because_o there_o be_v no_o species_n of_o these_o ordinary_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o such_o as_o have_v name_n and_o those_o species_n be_v complex_n ideas_n make_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v convenient_a if_o not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o name_n before_o we_o learn_v the_o complex_n idea_n unless_o a_o man_n will_v fill_v his_o head_n with_o a_o company_n of_o abstract_n complex_n idea_n which_o other_o have_v no_o name_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o but_o to_o lay_v by_o and_o forget_v again_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o language_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o idea_n before_o one_o give_v it_o the_o name_n and_o so_o it_o be_v still_o where_o a_o new_a complex_fw-la idea_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o a_o name_n give_v it_o in_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n i_o grant_v it_o be_v otherwise_o which_o be_v such_o idea_n as_o have_v real_a existence_n and_o union_n in_o nature_n the_o idea_n or_o name_n be_v get_v one_o before_o the_o other_o as_o it_o happen_v what_o have_v be_v say_v here_o of_o mix_a modes_n be_v with_o very_o little_a difference_n applicable_a to_o relation_n also_o which_o since_o every_o man_n himself_o may_v observe_v i_o may_v spare_v myself_o the_o pain_n to_o enlarge_v on_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n the_o common_a name_n of_o substance_n stand_v for_o sort_n as_o well_o as_o other_o general_a term_n that_o be_v for_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n wherein_o several_a particular_a substance_n do_v or_o may_v agree_v by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o one_o common_a conception_n and_o be_v signify_v by_o one_o name_n i_o say_v do_v or_o may_v agree_v for_o tho'_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sun_n exist_v yet_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v abstract_v be_v as_o much_o a_o sort_n as_o if_o there_o be_v as_o many_o sun_n as_o there_o be_v star_n the_o measure_n and_o boundary_a of_o each_o sort_n whereby_o it_o be_v constitute_v that_o particular_a sort_n and_o distinguish_v from_o other_o be_v what_o we_o call_v its_o essence_n which_o be_v nothing_o
but_o that_o abstract_n idea_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v annex_v so_o that_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o that_o idea_n be_v essential_a to_o that_o sort._n this_o i_o call_v nominal_a essence_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o real_a constitution_n of_o substance_n on_o which_o this_o nominal_a essence_n and_o all_o the_o property_n of_o that_o sort_v depend_v and_o may_v be_v call_v its_o real_a essence_n thus_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v that_o complex_n idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o let_v it_o be_v for_o instance_n a_o body_n yellow_a weighty_a malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v but_o its_o real_a essence_n be_v the_o constitution_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n on_o which_o those_o quality_n and_o all_o its_o other_o property_n depend_v which_o be_v whole_o unknown_a to_o we_o that_o essence_n in_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o the_o word_n relate_v to_o sort_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o if_o you_o take_v away_o the_o abstract_a idea_n by_o which_o we_o sort_v individual_n and_o rank_v they_o under_o common_a name_n than_o the_o thought_n of_o any_o thing_n essential_a to_o any_o of_o they_o instant_o vanish_v we_o have_v no_o notion_n of_o the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o which_o plain_o show_v their_o relation_n no_o property_n be_v think_v essential_a to_o any_o individual_a whatsoever_o till_o the_o mind_n refer_v it_o to_o some_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o thing_n and_o then_o present_o according_a to_o the_o abstract_a idea_n of_o that_o sort_n something_o be_v find_v essential_a so_o that_o essential_a or_o not_o essential_a relate_v only_o to_o our_o abstract_a idea_n and_o the_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o whatever_o particular_a thing_n have_v not_o in_o it_o those_o quality_n contain_v in_o the_o abstract_a idea_n which_o any_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o can_v be_v rank_v under_o that_o species_n nor_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n since_o that_o abstract_a idea_n be_v the_o very_a essence_n of_o that_o species_n thus_o if_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n with_o some_o people_n be_v bare_a extension_n or_o space_n than_o solidity_n be_v not_o essential_a to_o body_n if_o other_o make_v the_o idea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v the_o name_n body_n to_o be_v solidity_n and_o extension_n then_o solidity_n be_v essential_a also_o to_o body_n that_o alone_o therefore_o be_v consider_v as_o essential_a which_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_n idea_n the_o name_n of_o a_o sort_n stand_v for_o without_o which_o no_o particular_a thing_n can_v be_v reckon_v of_o that_o sort_n nor_o be_v entitle_v to_o that_o name_n substance_n be_v distinguish_v into_o sort_n and_o species_n by_o their_o nominal_a essence_n for_o it_o be_v that_o alone_a that_o the_o name_n which_o be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o sort_n signify_v and_o the_o spicy_n of_o thing_n to_o we_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o rank_v they_o under_o distinct_a name_n according_a to_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o we_o and_o not_o according_a to_o precise_a distinct_a real_a essence_n in_o them_o we_o can_v rank_v and_o sort_n thing_n by_o their_o real_a essence_n because_o we_o know_v they_o not_o our_o faculty_n carry_v we_o no_o far_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o substance_n than_o a_o collection_n of_o those_o sensible_a idea_n we_o obobserve_v in_o they_o but_o the_o internal_a constitution_n whereon_o their_o property_n depend_v be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o we_o this_o be_v evident_a when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v but_o the_o stone_n we_o tread_v on_o or_o the_o iron_n we_o daily_o handle_v we_o soon_o find_v that_o we_o know_v not_o their_o make_n and_o can_v give_v no_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a quality_n we_o find_v in_o they_o and_o yet_o how_o infinite_o these_o come_v short_a of_o the_o fine_a contrivance_n and_o unconceivable_a real_a essence_n of_o plant_n and_o animal_n every_o one_o know_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o alwise_a and_o powerful_a god_n in_o the_o great_a fabric_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o every_o part_n thereof_o far_a exceed_v the_o comprehension_n of_o the_o most_o inquisitive_a and_o intelligent_a man_n than_o the_o best_a contrivance_n of_o the_o most_o ingenious_a man_n do_v the_o conception_n of_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o rational_a creature_n in_o vain_a therefore_o do_v we_o pretend_v to_o range_v thing_n into_o sort_n and_o dispose_v they_o into_o certain_a class_n under_o name_n by_o their_o real_a essence_n that_o be_v so_o far_o from_o our_o discovery_n or_o comprehension_n but_o tho'_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n they_o be_v not_o yet_o make_v so_o arbitrary_o as_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n to_o the_o make_n of_o any_o nominal_a essence_n it_o be_v necessary_a first_o that_o the_o idea_n whereof_o it_o consist_v have_v such_o a_o union_n as_o to_o make_v but_o one_o idea_n how_o compound_v soever_o second_o that_o the_o particular_a idea_n so_o unite_v be_v exact_o the_o same_o neither_o more_o or_o less_o for_o if_o two_o abstract_v complex_n idea_n differ_v either_o in_o number_n or_o sort_n of_o their_o component_a part_n they_o make_v two_o different_a and_o not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o essence_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o mind_n in_o make_v its_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n only_o follow_v nature_n and_o put_v none_o together_o which_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o have_v a_o union_n in_o nature_n for_o man_n observe_v certain_a quality_n always_o join_v and_o exist_v together_o therein_o copy_n nature_n and_o of_o idea_n so_o unite_v make_v their_o complex_n one_o of_o substance_n second_o tho'_o the_o mind_n in_o make_v its_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n never_o put_v any_o together_o that_o do_v not_o real_o or_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o co-exist_a yet_o the_o number_n it_o combine_v depend_v upon_o the_o various_a care_n industry_n or_o fancy_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o man_n general_o content_v themselves_o with_o some_o few_o obvious_a quality_n and_o often_o leave_v out_o other_o as_o material_a and_o as_o firm_o unite_v as_o those_o that_o they_o take_v in_o body_n organise_v and_o propagate_v by_o seed_n as_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n the_o shape_n be_v that_o which_o to_o we_o be_v the_o lead_a quality_n and_o most_o characteristical_a part_n that_o determine_v the_o species_n in_o most_o other_o body_n not_o propagate_v by_o seed_n it_o be_v the_o colour_n we_o chief_o fix_v on_o and_o be_v most_o lead_v by_o thus_o where_o we_o find_v the_o colour_n of_o gold_n we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v all_o the_o other_o quality_n comprehend_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o be_v there_o also_o tho'_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o substance_n be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v copy_v from_o nature_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o or_o most_o of_o they_o very_o imperfect_a and_o since_o the_o composition_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v in_o several_a 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true_a knowledge_n in_o his_o understanding_n and_o have_v instead_o thereof_o chimera_n language_n be_v the_o great_a conduit_n whereby_o man_n convey_v their_o discovery_n reason_n and_o knowledge_n from_o one_o to_o another_o he_o that_o make_v a_o ill_a use_n of_o it_o tho'_o he_o do_v not_o corrupt_v the_o fountain_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v in_o thing_n themselves_o yet_o he_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v break_v or_o stop_v the_o pipe_n whereby_o it_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o public_a use_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n he_o that_o use_v word_n without_o any_o clear_a and_o steady_a meaning_n what_o do_v he_o but_o lead_v himself_o and_o other_o into_o error_n and_o he_o that_o design_o do_v it_o aught_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n if_o we_o look_v into_o book_n of_o controversy_n of_o any_o kind_n we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o effect_v of_o obscure_a unsteady_a and_o aequivocal_a term_n be_v nothing_o but_o noise_n and_o wrangle_n about_o sound_n without_o convince_a or_o better_v a_o man_n understanding_n for_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o between_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n for_o which_o the_o word_n stand_v the_o argument_n be_v not_o about_o thing_n but_o name_n it_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o careful_o examine_v whether_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dispute_n in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o mere_o verbal_a and_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o that_o if_o the_o term_n they_o be_v make_v in_o be_v define_v and_o reduce_v in_o their_o signification_n to_o the_o single_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o those_o dispute_n will_v not_o end_v of_o themselves_o and_o immediate_o vanish_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o forego_n imperfection_n and_o abuse_n to_o remedy_n the_o defect_n of_o speech_n abovementioned_a the_o follow_a rule_n may_v be_v of_o use_n first_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v care_n to_o use_v no_o word_n without_o a_o 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cymbal_n which_o be_v the_o english_a name_n dictionary_n render_v they_o by_o he_o can_v see_v stamp_v in_o the_o margin_n small_a picture_n of_o these_o instrument_n as_o they_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_n five_o the_o last_o rule_n that_o i_o shall_v mention_v be_v that_o in_o all_o discourse_n wherein_o one_o man_n pretend_v to_o instruct_v or_o convince_v another_o he_o shall_v use_v the_o same_o word_n constant_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n if_o this_o be_v do_v which_o no_o body_n can_v refuse_v without_o great_a disingenuity_n many_o of_o the_o book_n extant_a may_v be_v spare_v many_o of_o the_o controversy_n in_o dispute_n will_v be_v at_o a_o end_n several_a of_o those_o great_a volume_n swell_v with_o ambiguous_a word_n now_o use_v in_o one_o sense_n and_o by_o and_o by_o in_o another_o will_v shrink_v into_o a_o very_a
consist_v in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o that_o perception_n and_o not_o in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o a_o man_n for_o instance_n that_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o of_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o may_v yet_o have_v but_o a_o obscure_a perception_n of_o their_o agreement_n and_o so_o have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a knowledge_n of_o it_o but_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n can_v never_o produce_v any_o clear_a or_o distinct_a knowledge_n because_o as_o far_o as_o any_o idea_n be_v obscure_a or_o confuse_a so_o far_o the_o mind_n can_v never_o perceive_v clear_o whether_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o humane_a knowledge_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v knowledge_n it_o follow_v that_o first_o we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n far_o than_o we_o have_v idea_n second_o that_o we_o have_v no_o knowledge_n far_o than_o we_o can_v 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the_o part_n of_o the_o deduction_n five_o sensitive_a knowledge_n reach_v no_o far_a than_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n actual_o present_a to_o our_o sense_n be_v yet_o much_o narrow_a than_o either_o of_o the_o former_a six_o from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n come_v not_o only_o short_a of_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n but_o even_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o square_a a_o circle_n and_o equality_n and_o yet_o perhaps_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o find_v a_o circle_n equal_a to_o a_o square_n the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n we_o make_v concern_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o four_o sort_n abovementioned_a viz._n identity_n coexistence_n relation_n and_o real_a existence_n i_o shall_v examine_v how_o far_o our_o knowledge_n extend_v in_o each_o of_o these_o first_o as_o to_o identity_n and_o diversity_n our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n be_v as_o far_o extend_v as_o our_o idea_n themselves_o and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o do_v not_o present_o by_o a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n perceive_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o to_o be_v different_a from_o any_o other_o second_o as_o to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n in_o coexistence_n in_o this_o our_o knowledge_n be_v very_o short_a tho'_o in_o this_o consist_v the_o great_a and_o most_o material_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n for_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v as_o i_o have_v show_v nothing_o but_o certain_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n co-existing_a in_o one_o subject_a our_o idea_n of_o flame_n for_o instance_n be_v a_o body_n hot_a luminous_a and_o move_a upward_o when_o we_o will_v know_v any_o thing_n far_o concern_v this_o or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o substance_n what_o do_v we_o but_o inquire_v what_o other_o quality_n or_o power_n these_o substance_n have_v or_o have_v not_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o know_v what_o other_o simple_a idea_n do_v or_o do_v not_o co-exist_a with_o those_o that_o make_v up_o that_o complex_n idea_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o simple_a idea_n which_o make_v up_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n have_v no_o visible_a necessary_a connexion_n or_o inconsistence_n with_o other_o simple_a idea_n who_o coexistence_n with_o they_o we_o will_v inform_v ourselves_o about_o these_o idea_n be_v likewise_o for_o the_o most_o part_n secundary_a quality_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o primary_n quality_n of_o their_o minute_n or_o insensible_a part_n or_o on_o something_o yet_o more_o remote_a from_o our_o comprehension_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v which_o have_v a_o necessary_a union_n or_o inconsistency_n one_o with_o another_o since_o we_o know_v not_o the_o root_n from_o whence_o they_o spring_v or_o the_o size_n figure_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n on_o which_o they_o depend_v and_o from_o which_o they_o result_v beside_o this_o there_o be_v no_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o any_o secundary_a quality_n and_o those_o primary_n quality_n that_o it_o depend_v on_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o know_v what_o figure_n size_n or_o motion_n produce_v for_o instance_n a_o yellow_a colour_n or_o sweet_a taste_n or_o a_o sharp_a sound_n that_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n conceive_v how_o any_o size_n figure_n or_o motion_n can_v possible_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o colour_n taste_v or_o sound_v whatsoever_o and_o there_o be_v no_o conceivable_a connexion_n between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o our_o knowledge_n therefore_o of_o coexistence_n reach_v little_o far_o than_o experience_n some_o few_o indeed_o of_o the_o primary_n quality_n have_v a_o necessary_a dependence_n and_o visible_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o as_o figure_n necessary_o suppose_v extension_n receive_v or_o communicate_v motion_n by_o impulse_n suppose_v solidity_n but_o quality_n co-existent_a in_o any_o subject_a without_o this_o dependence_n and_o connexion_n can_v certain_o be_v know_v to_o co-exist_a any_o far_o than_o experience_n by_o our_o sense_n inform_v we_o thus_o tho'_o upon_o trial_n we_o find_v gold_n yellow_a weighty_a malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v yet_o because_o none_o of_o these_o have_v any_o evident_a dependence_n or_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o the_o other_o we_o can_v certain_o know_v that_o where_o any_o four_o of_o these_o be_v the_o five_o will_v be_v there_o also_o how_o high_o probable_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v but_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o probability_n amount_v not_o to_o certainty_n without_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o true_a knowledge_n for_o this_o coexistence_n can_v be_v no_o far_o know_v than_o it_o be_v perceive_v and_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o either_o in_o particular_a subject_n by_o the_o observation_n of_o our_o sense_n or_o in_o general_a by_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o as_o to_o incompatibility_n or_o repugnancy_n to_o coexistence_n we_o may_v know_v that_o any_o subject_a can_v have_v of_o each_o sort_n of_o primary_n quality_n but_o one_o particular_a at_o once_o one_o extension_n one_o figure_n and_o so_o of_o sensible_a idea_n peculiar_a to_o each_o sense_n for_o whatever_o of_o each_o kind_n be_v present_a in_o any_o subject_a exclude_v all_o other_o of_o that_o sort_n for_o instance_n one_o subject_a can_v have_v two_o smell_v or_o two_o colour_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o to_o power_n of_o substance_n which_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o inquiry_n about_o they_o and_o be_v no_o inconsiderable_a branch_n of_o our_o knowledge_n our_o knowledge_n as_o to_o these_o reach_n little_o far_o than_o experience_n because_o they_o consist_v in_o a_o texture_n and_o motion_n of_o part_n which_o we_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n come_v to_o discover_v and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o with_o those_o faculty_n we_o have_v we_o shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v our_o general_a knowledge_n much_o far_o in_o this_o part_n experience_n be_v that_o which_o in_o this_o part_n we_o must_v depend_v on_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o it_o be_v improve_v we_o find_v the_o advantage_n some_o man_n generous_a pain_n have_v this_o way_n bring_v to_o the_o stock_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o if_o other_o especial_o the_o philosopher_n by_o fire_n who_o pretend_v to_o it_o have_v be_v so_o wary_a in_o their_o observation_n and_o sincere_a in_o their_o report_n as_o those_o who_o call_v themselves_o philosopher_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v our_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o body_n here_o about_o we_o and_o our_o insight_n into_o their_o power_n and_o operation_n have_v be_v yet_o much_o great_a as_o to_o the_o three_o sort_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n in_o any_o other_o relation_n this_o be_v the_o large_a field_n of_o knowledge_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v how_o
be_v to_o abstract_a idea_n that_o be_v eternal_a and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o contemplation_n only_o of_o those_o essence_n as_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v know_v only_o from_o experience_n but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n where_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o general_n and_o rèal_a knowledge_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o reader_n by_o this_o time_n may_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n only_o build_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o object_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o knowledge_n lie_v only_o in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o vision_n of_o a_o enthusiast_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n will_v be_v equal_o certain_a it_o be_v no_o matter_n how_o thing_n be_v so_o a_o man_n observe_v but_o the_o agreement_n of_o his_o own_o imagination_n and_o talk_v conformable_o it_o be_v all_o truth_n all_o certainty_n that_o a_o harpy_n be_v not_o a_o centaur_n be_v by_o this_o way_n as_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o as_o much_o truth_n as_o that_o a_o square_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o this_o knowledge_n of_o man_n own_o imagination_n to_o a_o man_n that_o inquire_v after_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o our_o knowledge_n of_o our_o idea_n shall_v terminate_v in_o they_o and_o reach_v no_o far_o where_o there_o be_v something_o far_o intend_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n will_v be_v of_o little_o more_o use_n than_o the_o reverie_n of_o a_o crazy_a brain_n but_o i_o hope_v before_o i_o have_v do_v to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n go_v a_o little_a far_o than_o bare_a imagination_n and_o that_o all_o the_o certainty_n of_o general_a truth_n a_o man_n have_v lie_v in_o nothing_o else_o but_o this_o knowledge_n of_o our_o idea_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o mind_n know_v not_o thing_n immediate_o but_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v of_o they_o our_o knowledge_n therefore_o be_v real_a only_o so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v a_o conformity_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n but_o how_o shall_v we_o know_v when_o our_o idea_n agree_v with_o thing_n themselves_o i_o answer_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o idea_n that_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v agree_v with_o thing_n these_o be_v first_o simple_z idea_n which_o since_o the_o mind_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v to_o itself_o must_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o thing_n operate_n upon_o the_o mind_n in_o a_o natural_a way_n and_o produce_v therein_o those_o perception_n which_o by_o the_o will_n of_o our_o maker_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o adapt_v to_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o simple_a idea_n be_v not_o fiction_n of_o our_o fancy_n but_o the_o natural_a and_o regular_a production_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o real_o operate_n upon_o we_o which_o carry_v with_o they_o all_o the_o conformity_n our_o state_n require_v which_o be_v to_o represent_v thing_n under_o those_o appearance_n they_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v in_o we_o thus_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n exact_o answer_v that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o any_o body_n to_o produce_v it_o there_o and_o this_o conformity_n between_o our_o simple_a idea_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a for_o real_a knowledge_n second_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n except_o those_o of_o substance_n be_v archetype_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v own_o make_v and_o not_o refer_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o original_n can_v want_v any_o conformity_n necessary_a to_o real_a knowledge_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o design_v to_o represent_v any_o thing_n but_o itself_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o wrong_a representation_n here_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v consider_v as_o archetype_n and_o thing_n no_o otherwise_o regard_v than_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o they_o thus_o the_o mathematician_n consider_v the_o truth_n and_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o rectangle_n or_o circle_n only_o as_o they_o be_v idea_n in_o his_o own_o mind_n which_o possible_o he_o never_o find_v exist_v mathematical_o that_o be_v precise_o true_a yet_o his_o knowledge_n be_v not_o only_o certain_a but_o real_a because_o real_a thing_n be_v no_o far_o concern_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o any_o such_o proposition_n than_o as_o thing_n real_o agree_v to_o those_o archetype_n in_o his_o mind_n it_o be_v true_a of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n that_o its_o three_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o it_o be_v true_a also_o of_o a_o triangle_n wherever_o it_o exist_v what_o be_v true_a of_o those_o figure_n that_o have_v bare_o a_o ideal_o existence_n in_o his_o mind_n will_v hold_v true_a of_o they_o also_o when_o they_o come_v to_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n in_o matter_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v as_o capable_a of_o real_a certainty_n as_o mathematics_n for_o certainty_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o demonstration_n nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o such_o agreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n our_o moral_a idea_n as_o well_o as_o mathematical_a be_v archetype_n themselves_o and_o so_o adequate_a or_o complete_a idea_n all_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o they_o will_v produce_v real_a knowledge_n as_o well_o as_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n that_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v our_o knowledge_n certain_a be_v the_o clearness_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o which_o be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o real_a be_v that_o they_o answer_v their_o archetype_n but_o it_o will_v here_o be_v say_v that_o if_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v place_v in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o moral_a idea_n and_o those_o be_v of_o our_o own_o make_n what_o strange_a notion_n will_v there_o be_v of_o justice_n and_o temperance_n what_o confusion_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n if_o every_o man_n may_v make_v what_o idea_n of_o they_o he_o please_v i_o answer_v no_o confusion_n nor_o disorder_n at_o all_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o nor_o the_o reason_n about_o they_o no_o more_o than_o there_o will_v be_v a_o change_n in_o the_o property_n of_o figure_n and_o their_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v make_v a_o triangle_n with_o four_o corner_n or_o a_o trapezium_fw-la with_o four_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v in_o plain_a english_a change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o call_v that_o by_o one_o name_n which_o be_v call_v ordinary_o by_o another_o the_o change_n of_o name_n will_v indeed_o at_o first_o disturb_v he_o who_o know_v not_o what_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o figure_n be_v draw_v the_o consequence_n and_o demonstration_n be_v plain_a and_o clear_a just_o the_o same_o be_v it_o in_o moral_a knowledge_n let_v a_o man_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o take_v from_o other_o without_o their_o consent_n what_o they_o be_v just_o possess_v of_o and_o call_v this_o justice_n if_o he_o please_v he_o that_o take_v the_o name_n here_o without_o the_o idea_n put_v to_o it_o will_v be_v mistake_v by_o join_v another_o idea_n of_o his_o own_o to_o that_o name_n but_o strip_v the_o idea_n of_o that_o name_n or_o take_v it_o such_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o speaker_n mind_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n will_v agree_v to_o it_o as_o if_o you_o call_v it_o injustice_n one_o thing_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o where_o god_n or_o any_o other_o lawmaker_n have_v define_v any_o moral_a name_n there_o they_o have_v make_v the_o essence_n of_o that_o species_n to_o which_o that_o name_n belong_v and_o there_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o apply_v or_o use_v they_o otherwise_o but_o in_o other_o case_n it_o be_v bare_a impropriety_n of_o speech_n to_o apply_v they_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o country_n they_o be_v use_v in_o three_o but_o the_o complex_n ideas_n which_o we_o refer_v to_o archetype_n without_o we_o may_v differ_v from_o they_o and_o so_o our_o knowledge_n about_o they_o may_v come_v short_a of_o be_v real_a and_o thus_o be_v our_o idea_n of_o substance_n these_o must_v be_v take_v from_o something_o that_o do_v or_o have_v exi_v and_o not_o be_v make_v up_o of_o idea_n arbitrary_o put_v together_o without_o any_o real_a pattern_n herein_o therefore_o be_v found_v the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n that_o all_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o they_o
of_o reflection_n be_v to_o i_o the_o only_a original_n from_o whence_o all_o our_o idea_n take_v their_o beginning_n the_o understanding_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v the_o least_o glimmer_a of_o idea_n which_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o one_o of_o these_o two_o source_n these_o when_o we_o have_v take_v a_o full_a survey_n of_o they_o and_o their_o several_a modes_n and_o composition_n we_o shall_v find_v to_o contain_v out_o whole_a stock_n of_o idea_n and_o that_o we_o have_v nothing_o in_o our_o mind_n which_o do_v not_o come_v in_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o child_n come_v by_o degree_n to_o be_v furnish_v with_o idea_n from_o the_o object_n they_o be_v conversant_a with_o they_o be_v so_o surround_v with_o body_n that_o perpetual_o and_o diverse_o affect_v they_o that_o some_o idea_n will_v whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o be_v imprint_v on_o their_o mind_n light_a and_o colour_n sound_n and_o tangible_a quality_n do_v continual_o solicit_v their_o proper_a sense_n and_o force_v a_o entrance_n into_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v late_o common_o before_o child_n come_v to_o have_v idea_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o some_o man_n have_v not_o any_o very_a clear_a or_o perfect_a idea_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o all_o their_o life_n because_o though_o they_o pass_v there_o continual_o yet_o like_o float_a vision_n they_o make_v not_o deep_a impression_n enough_o to_o leave_v in_o the_o mind_n clear_a and_o last_a idea_n till_o the_o understanding_n turn_v inward_a upon_o its_o self_n and_o reflect_v on_o its_o own_o operation_n and_o make_v they_o the_o object_n of_o its_o own_o contemplation_n when_o a_o man_n first_o perceive_v than_o he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v idea_n have_v idea_n and_o perception_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o opinion_n maintain_v by_o some_o that_o the_o soul_n always_o think_v and_o that_o it_o always_o have_v the_o actual_a perception_n of_o idea_n as_o long_o as_o it_o exist_v and_o that_o actual_a think_v be_v a_o inseparable_a from_o the_o soul_n as_o actual_a extension_n be_v from_o the_o body_n but_o i_o can_v conceive_v it_o any_o more_o necessary_a for_o the_o soul_n always_o to_o think_v than_o for_o the_o body_n always_o to_o move_v the_o perception_n of_o idea_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v to_o the_o soul_n what_o motion_n be_v to_o the_o body_n not_o its_o essence_n but_o one_o of_o its_o operation_n and_o therefore_o though_o think_v be_v never_o so_o much_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o soul_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o suppose_v that_o it_o shall_v always_o think_v always_o be_v in_o action_n that_o perhaps_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o infinite_a author_n and_o preserver_n of_o all_o thing_n who_o never_o slumber_n nor_o sleep_v but_o be_v not_o competent_a in_o any_o finite_a be_v we_o know_v certain_o by_o experience_n that_o we_o sometime_o think_v and_o thence_o draw_v this_o infallible_a consequence_n that_o there_o be_v something_o in_o we_o that_o have_v a_o power_n to_o think_v but_o whether_o that_o substance_n perpetual_o think_v or_o no_o we_o can_v be_v no_o far_o assure_v than_o experience_n inform_v we_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o learn_v from_o those_o man_n who_o so_o confident_o pronounce_v that_o the_o human_a soul_n always_o think_v how_o they_o come_v to_o know_v it_o nay_o how_o they_o come_v to_o know_v that_o they_o themselves_o think_v when_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o perceive_v it_o the_o most_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a the_o soul_n may_v always_o think_v but_o not_o always_o retain_v it_o in_o memory_n and_o i_o say_v it_o be_v as_o possible_a the_o soul_n may_v not_o always_o think_v and_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o it_o shall_v sometime_o not_o think_v than_o it_o shall_v often_o think_v and_o that_o a_o long_a while_n together_o and_o not_o be_v conscious_a to_o itself_o the_o next_o moment_n after_o that_o it_o have_v think_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n therefore_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o soul_n think_v before_o the_o sense_n have_v furnish_v it_o with_o idea_n to_o think_v on_o and_o as_o those_o be_v increase_v and_o retain_v so_o it_o come_v by_o exercise_n to_o improve_v its_o faculty_n of_o think_v in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o afterward_o by_o compound_v those_o idea_n and_o reflect_v on_o its_o own_o operation_n it_o increase_v in_o stock_n as_o well_o as_o facility_n in_o remember_v imagine_v reason_v and_o other_o modes_n of_o think_v chap._n ii_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o idea_n some_o be_v simple_a other_o complex_fw-la a_o simple_a idea_n be_v one_o uniform_a appearance_n or_o conception_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v not_o distinguishable_a into_o different_a idea_n such_o be_v sensible_a quality_n which_o though_o they_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o unite_a and_o blend_v that_o there_o be_v no_o separation_n no_o distance_n between_o they_o yet_o the_o idea_n they_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n enter_v by_o the_o sense_n simple_a and_o unmixed_a thus_o though_o the_o hand_n feel_v softness_n and_o warmth_n in_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o wax_n yet_o the_o simple_a idea_n thus_o unite_v in_o the_o same_o subject_a be_v as_o perfect_o distinct_a as_o those_o that_o come_v in_o by_o different_a sense_n these_o simple_a idea_n be_v suggest_v no_o other_o way_n than_o from_o the_o two_o way_n abovementioned_a viz._n sensation_n and_o reflection_n the_o mind_n be_v once_o store_v with_o these_o simple_a idea_n have_v the_o power_n to_o repeat_v compare_n and_o unite_v they_o to_o a_o infinite_a variety_n and_o so_o can_v make_v at_o pleasure_n new_a complex_n ideas_n but_o the_o most_o enlarge_a understanding_n can_v frame_v one_o new_a simple_a idea_n nor_o by_o any_o force_n destroy_v they_o that_o be_v there_o chap._n iii_o of_o idea_n of_o one_o sense_n idea_n with_o reference_n to_o the_o different_a way_n wherein_o they_o approach_v the_o mind_n be_v of_o four_o sort_n first_o there_o be_v some_o which_o come_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o one_o sense_n only_o second_o there_o be_v other_o convey_v into_o the_o mind_n by_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o three_o other_o that_o be_v have_v from_o reflection_n only_o four_o there_o be_v some_o suggest_v to_o the_o mind_n by_o all_o the_o way_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n first_o some_z enter_z into_o the_o mind_n only_o by_o one_o sense_n peculiar_o adapt_v to_o receive_v they_o thus_o colour_n sound_n smell_v etc._n etc._n come_v in_o only_o by_o the_o eye_n ear_n and_o nose_n and_o if_o these_o organ_n be_v any_o of_o they_o so_o disorder_v as_o not_o to_o perform_v their_o function_n they_o have_v no_o postern_n to_o be_v admit_v by_o no_o other_o way_n to_o bring_v themselves_o in_o view_n and_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o understanding_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o particular_a simple_a idea_n belong_v to_o each_o sense_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o possible_a there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o than_o we_o have_v name_n for_o chap._n iu._n of_o solidity_n i_o shall_v here_o mention_v one_o which_o we_o receive_v by_o our_o touch_n because_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a ingredient_n in_o many_o of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n and_o that_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o solidity_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o resistance_n one_o body_n make_v to_o the_o entrance_n of_o another_o body_n into_o the_o place_n it_o possess_v till_o it_o have_v leave_v it_o there_o be_v no_o idea_n which_o we_o more_o constant_o receive_v from_o sensation_n than_o this_o in_o whatever_o posture_n we_o be_v we_o feel_v somewhat_o that_o support_v we_o and_o hinder_v we_o from_o sink_v downward_o and_o the_o body_n we_o daily_o handle_v make_v we_o perceive_v that_o while_o they_o remain_v between_o they_o they_o do_v by_o a_o unsurmountable_a force_n hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o part_n of_o our_o hand_n that_o press_v they_o this_o idea_n be_v common_o call_v impenetrability_n i_o conceive_v solidity_n be_v more_o proper_a to_o express_v it_o because_o this_o carry_v something_o more_o of_o positive_a in_o it_o than_o impenetrability_n which_o be_v negative_a and_o be_v perhaps_o more_o a_o consequence_n of_o solidity_n than_o solidity_n itself_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o essential_a property_n of_o body_n and_o that_o whereby_o we_o conceive_v it_o to_o fill_v space_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v that_o where_o we_o imagine_v any_o space_n take_v up_o by_o a_o solid_a substance_n we_o conceive_v it_o so_o to_o possess_v it_o that_o it_o exclude_v all_o other_o solid_a substance_n this_o resistance_n be_v so_o great_a that_o no_o force_n can_v surmount_v it_o all_o the_o body_n in_o the_o world_n press_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n
on_o all_o side_n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n it_o make_v to_o their_o approach_v one_o another_o till_o it_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o their_o way_n the_o idea_n of_o solidity_n be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o pure_a space_n in_o as_o much_o as_o this_o latter_a be_v neither_o capable_a of_o resistance_n nor_o motion_n it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o hardness_n in_o as_o much_o as_o hardness_n be_v a_o firm_a cohaesion_n of_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o matter_n make_v up_o mass_n of_o a_o sensible_a bulk_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o easy_o change_v its_o figure_n indeed_o hard_a and_o soft_a as_o common_o apprehend_v by_o we_o be_v but_o relative_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o body_n that_o be_v call_v hard_o which_o will_v put_v we_o to_o pain_n soon_o than_o change_v its_o figure_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o any_o part_n of_o our_o body_n and_o that_o soft_a which_o change_v the_o situation_n of_o its_o part_n upon_o a_o easy_a and_o unpainful_a touch._n this_o difficulty_n of_o change_a situation_n among_o the_o part_n give_v no_o more_o solidity_n to_o the_o hard_a body_n than_o to_o the_o softe_v nor_o be_v a_o adamant_n one_o jot_n more_o solid_a than_o water_n he_o that_o shall_v fill_v a_o yield_a soft_a body_n well_o with_o air_n or_o water_n will_v quick_o find_v its_o resistance_n by_o this_o we_o may_v distinguish_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o body_n from_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o space_n that_o of_o body_n be_v the_o cohaesion_n or_o continuity_n of_o solid_a separable_a and_o movable_a part_n that_o of_o space_n the_o continuity_n of_o unsolid_a inseparable_a and_o immovable_a part_n upon_o the_o solidity_n of_o body_n depend_v their_o mutual_a impulse_n resistance_n and_o protrusion_n of_o pure_a space_n and_o solidity_n there_o be_v several_a among_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o one_o who_o persuade_v themselves_o they_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o that_o they_o can_v think_v on_o space_n without_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o resist_v or_o be_v protrude_v by_o body_n as_o well_o as_o on_o something_o that_o fill_v space_n that_o can_v be_v protrude_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o other_o body_n or_o resist_v their_o motion_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o a_o concave_a surface_n be_v equal_o clear_a without_o as_o with_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o solid_a part_n between_o if_o any_o one_o ask_v what_o this_o solidity_n be_v i_o send_v he_o to_o his_o sense_n to_o inform_v he_o let_v he_o put_v a_o flint_n or_o football_n between_o his_o hand_n and_o then_o endeavour_v to_o join_v they_o and_o he_o will_v know_v chap._n v._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o divers_a sense_n some_o idea_n we_o get_v into_o the_o mind_n by_o more_o than_o one_o sense_n as_o space_n extension_n figure_n rest_v and_o motion_n these_o be_v perceivable_a by_o the_o eye_n or_o touch._n chap._n vi_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n some_o be_v have_v from_o reflection_n only_o such_o be_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n of_o which_o the_o two_o principal_n be_v perception_n or_o think_v and_o volition_n or_o willing_n the_o power_n of_o produce_v these_o operation_n be_v call_v faculty_n which_o be_v the_o understanding_n and_o will_n the_o several_a modes_n of_o think_v etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o this_o head_n chap._n vii_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n there_o be_v some_o simple_a idea_n convey_v into_o the_o mind_n by_o all_o the_o way_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n such_o be_v pleasure_n pain_n power_n existence_n unity_n succession_n pleasure_n or_o delight_n pain_n or_o uneasiness_n accompany_v almost_o every_o impression_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o every_o action_n or_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n we_o mean_v whatever_o delight_n or_o molest_v we_o whether_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o thought_n of_o our_o mind_n or_o any_o thing_n operate_a on_o our_o body_n satisfaction_n delight_n pleasure_n happiness_n and_o uneasiness_n trouble_v torment_v misery_n etc._n etc._n be_v but_o different_a degree_n the_o one_o of_o pleasure_n the_o other_o of_o pain_n the_o author_n of_o our_o being_n have_v give_v we_o a_o power_n over_o several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n to_o move_v or_o keep_v they_o at_o rest_n as_o we_o think_v fit_a and_o also_o by_o their_o motion_n to_o move_v ourselves_o and_o other_o contiguous_a body_n have_v also_o give_v a_o power_n to_o our_o mind_n in_o several_a instance_n to_o choose_v among_o its_o idea_n which_o it_o will_v think_v on_o to_o excite_v we_o to_o these_o action_n of_o think_v and_o motion_n he_o have_v join_v to_o several_a thought_n and_o sensation_n a_o perception_n of_o delight_n without_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o prefer_v one_o thought_n or_o action_n to_o another_o motion_n to_o rest_n in_o which_o state_n man_n however_o furnish_v with_o the_o faculty_n of_o understanding_n and_o will_n will_v be_v a_o very_a idle_a unactive_a creature_n and_o pass_v his_o time_n only_o in_o a_o lazy_a lethargic_a dream_n pain_n have_v the_o same_o efficacy_n to_o set_v we_o on_o work_v that_o pleasure_n have_v since_o we_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o avoid_v that_o as_o to_o pursue_v this_o this_o be_v worth_a our_o consideration_n that_o pain_n be_v often_o produce_v by_o the_o same_o object_n and_o idea_n that_o produce_v pleasure_n in_o we_o this_o their_o near_a conjunction_n give_v we_o new_a occasion_n of_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o our_o maker_n who_o design_v the_o preservation_n of_o our_o be_v have_v annex_v pain_n to_o the_o application_n of_o many_o thing_n to_o our_o body_n to_o warn_v we_o of_o the_o harm_n they_o will_v do_v we_o and_o as_o advice_n to_o withdraw_v we_o from_o they_o but_o he_o not_o design_v our_o preservation_n bare_o but_o the_o preservation_n of_o every_o part_n and_o organ_n in_o its_o perfection_n have_v in_o many_o case_n annex_v pain_n to_o those_o very_a idea_n which_o delight_v we_o thus_o heat_n that_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o we_o in_o one_o degree_n by_o a_o little_o great_a increase_n of_o it_o prove_v no_o ordinary_a torment_n which_o be_v wise_o order_v by_o nature_n that_o when_o any_o object_n do_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o its_o operation_n disorder_v the_o instrument_n of_o sensation_n who_o structure_n can_v but_o be_v very_o delicate_a we_o may_v by_o the_o pain_n be_v warn_v to_o withdraw_v before_o the_o organ_n be_v quite_o put_v out_o of_o order_n that_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o pain_n appear_v from_o this_o consideration_n that_o though_o great_a light_n be_v insufferable_a to_o the_o eye_n yet_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o darkness_n do_v not_o at_o all_o disease_n they_o because_o that_o cause_v no_o disorderly_a motion_n in_o that_o curious_a organ_n the_o eye_n but_o excess_n of_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o heat_v pain_n we_o because_o it_o be_v equal_o destructive_a to_o the_o temper_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n another_o reason_n why_o god_n have_v annex_v several_a degree_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n to_o all_o the_o thing_n that_o environ_v and_o affect_v we_o and_o blend_v they_o together_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o our_o thought_n and_o sense_n have_v to_o do_v with_o be_v that_o we_o find_v imperfection_n and_o dissatisfaction_n and_o want_v of_o complete_a happiness_n in_o all_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o creature_n may_v be_v lead_v to_o seek_v it_o in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o he_o with_o who_o be_v fullness_n of_o joy_n and_o at_o who_o right_a hand_n be_v pleasure_n for_o evermore_o tho'_o what_o be_v here_o say_v concern_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n may_v not_o perhaps_o make_v those_o idea_n clear_a to_o we_o than_o our_o own_o experience_n do_v yet_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o give_v we_o due_a sentiment_n of_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o sovereign_a disposer_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o main_a end_n of_o these_o inquiry_n the_o knowledge_n and_o veneration_n of_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o all_o our_o thought_n and_o the_o proper_a business_n of_o all_o understanding_n 〈◊〉_d and_o unity_n be_v two_o other_o idea_n suggest_v by_o every_o object_n without_o and_o every_o idea_n within_o when_o idea_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o consider_v they_o as_o be_v actual_o there_o as_o well_o as_o we_o consider_v thing_n to_o be_v actual_o without_o we_o which_o be_v that_o they_o exist_v or_o have_v existence_n and_o whatever_o we_o consider_v as_o one_o thing_n whether_o a_o real_a be_v or_o idea_n suggest_v the_o idea_n of_o unity_n power_n be_v anothér_a idea_n derive_v from_o these_o source_n for_o find_v in_o ourselves_o that_o we_o
can_v think_v and_o move_v several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n at_o pleasure_n and_o observe_v the_o effect_n that_o natural_a body_n produce_v in_o one_o another_o by_o both_o these_o way_n we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o power_n succession_n be_v another_o idea_n suggest_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o by_o reflection_n on_o what_o pass_v in_o our_o mind_n for_o if_o we_o look_v into_o ourselves_o we_o shall_v find_v our_o idea_n always_o whilst_o we_o be_v awake_a or_o have_v any_o thought_n pass_v in_o train_n one_o go_v and_o another_o come_n without_o intermission_n chap._n viii_o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v simple_a idea_n whatsoever_o be_v able_a by_o affect_v our_o sense_n to_o cause_v any_o perception_n in_o the_o mind_n do_v thereby_o produce_v in_o the_o understanding_n a_o simple_a idea_n which_o whatsoever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o real_a positive_a idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a light_a and_o darkness_n motion_n and_o rest_n etc._n etc._n be_v equal_o positive_a in_o the_o mind_n tho'_o some_o of_o their_o cause_n may_v be_v mere_a privation_n a_o enquiry_n into_o their_o cause_n concern_v not_o the_o idea_n as_o in_o the_o understanding_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o thus_o a_o painter_n have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o white_a and_o black_a as_o well_o as_o the_o philosopher_n who_o tell_v we_o what_o kind_n of_o particle_n and_o how_o range_v in_o the_o surface_n occasion_v those_o colour_n that_o a_o privative_a cause_n may_v produce_v a_o positive_a idea_n appear_v from_o shadow_n which_o tho'_o nothing_o but_o the_o absence_n of_o light_n be_v discernible_a and_o cause_n clear_a and_o positive_a idea_n the_o natural_a reason_n of_o which_o may_v be_v this_o viz._n that_o since_o sensation_n be_v produce_v only_o by_o different_a degree_n and_o mode_n of_o motion_n in_o our_o animal_n spirit_n various_o agitate_a by_o external_a object_n the_o abatement_n of_o any_o former_a motion_n must_v as_o necessary_o produce_v a_o new_a sensation_n as_o the_o increase_n and_o variation_n of_o it_o and_o thereby_o introduce_v a_o new_a idea_n we_o have_v some_o negative_a name_n which_o stand_v for_o no_o positive_a idea_n but_o consist_v whole_o in_o negation_n of_o some_o certain_a idea_n as_o silence_n invisible_a these_o signify_v not_o any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n but_o their_o absence_n it_o will_v be_v useful_a to_o distinguish_v idea_n as_o they_o be_v perception_n in_o our_o mind_n from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o the_o body_n that_o cause_v such_o perception_n in_o we_o for_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v the_o former_a exact_a image_n and_o resemblance_n of_o something_o inherent_a in_o the_o subject_n most_o of_o those_o of_o sensation_n be_v in_o the_o mind_n no_o more_o the_o likeness_n of_o something_o exist_v without_o we_o than_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o be_v the_o likeness_n of_o our_o idea_n which_o yet_o upon_o hear_v they_o be_v apt_a to_o excite_v in_o we_o whatsoever_o the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o itself_o or_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o perception_n thought_n or_o understanding_n that_o i_o call_v a_o idea_n and_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n i_o call_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o that_o power_n be_v thus_o a_o snowball_n have_v the_o power_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a cold_a and_o round_a those_o power_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o snowball_n i_o call_v quality_n and_o as_o they_o be_v sensation_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o understanding_n i_o call_v they_o idea_n which_o idea_n if_o i_o speak_v of_o sometime_o as_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v those_o quality_n in_o the_o object_n which_o produce_v they_o in_o we_o these_o quality_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o original_a or_o primary_n such_o be_v solidity_n extension_n motion_n 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eye_n see_v light_a or_o colour_n nor_o the_o ear_n hear_v sound_n let_v the_o palate_n not_o taste_n or_o the_o nose_n smell_v and_o all_o colour_n taste_n odour_n and_o sound_v as_o they_o be_v such_o particular_a idea_n vanish_v and_o cease_v and_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o cause_n that_o be_v bulk_n motion_n figure_n etc._n etc._n of_o part_n these_o secondary_a quality_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o immediate_o perceivable_a which_o by_o immediate_o operate_n on_o our_o body_n produce_v several_a different_a idea_n in_o we_o second_o mediate_o perceivable_a which_o by_o operate_n on_o other_o body_n change_v their_o primary_n quality_n so_o as_o to_o render_v they_o capable_a of_o produce_v idea_n in_o we_o different_a from_o what_o they_o do_v before_o these_o last_o be_v power_n in_o body_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o particular_a constitution_n of_o those_o primary_n and_o original_a quality_n to_o make_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n etc._n 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i_o shall_v first_o consider_v the_o modes_n of_o space_n space_n be_v a_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o get_v both_o by_o our_o sight_n and_o touch._n when_o we_o consider_v it_o bare_o in_o length_n between_o two_o body_n it_o be_v call_v distance_n when_o in_o length_n breadth_n and_o thickness_n it_o may_v be_v call_v capacity_n when_o consider_v between_o the_o extremity_n of_o matter_n which_o fill_v the_o capacity_n of_o space_n with_o something_o solid_a tangible_a and_o movable_a it_o be_v call_v extension_n and_o thus_o extension_n will_v be_v a_o idea_n belong_v to_o the_o body_n but_o space_n may_v be_v conceive_v without_o it_o each_o different_a distance_n be_v a_o different_a modification_n of_o space_n and_o each_o idea_n of_o any_o different_a space_n be_v a_o simple_a mode_n of_o this_o idea_n such_o be_v a_o inch_n foot_n yard_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o certain_a state_v length_n which_o man_n settle_v in_o their_o mind_n for_o the_o use_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o measure_v when_o these_o idea_n be_v make_v familiar_a to_o man_n thought_n they_o can_v in_o their_o mind_n repeat_v they_o as_o often_o as_o they_o will_v without_o join_v to_o they_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n and_o frame_v to_o themselves_o the_o idea_n of_o foot_n yard_n or_o fathom_n beyond_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o all_o body_n and_o by_o add_v these_o still_a one_o to_o another_o enlarge_v their_o idea_n of_o space_n as_o much_o as_o they_o please_v from_o this_o power_n of_o repeat_v any_o idea_n of_o distance_n without_o be_v ever_o able_a to_o come_v to_o a_o end_n we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o immensity_n another_o modification_n of_o space_n be_v take_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o termination_n of_o capacity_n or_o extension_n among_o themselves_o and_o this_o be_v what_o we_o call_v figure_n this_o the_o touch_n discover_v in_o sensible_a body_n who_o extremity_n come_v within_o our_o reach_n and_o the_o eye_n 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which_o constant_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n as_o long_o as_o we_o be_v awake_a the_o distance_n between_o any_o part_n of_o this_o succession_n be_v what_o we_o call_v duration_n and_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o ourselves_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o commensurate_a to_o the_o succession_n of_o any_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v what_o we_o call_v our_o own_o duration_n or_o that_o of_o another_o thing_n co-existing_a with_o our_o think_v that_o this_o be_v so_o appear_v from_o hence_o that_o we_o have_v no_o perception_n of_o succession_n or_o duration_n when_o that_o succession_n of_o our_o idea_n cease_v as_o in_o sleep_n the_o moment_n that_o we_o sleep_v and_o awake_v how_o distant_a soever_o seem_v to_o be_v join_v and_o connect_v and_o possible_o it_o will_v be_v so_o to_o a_o wake_a man_n can_v he_o fix_v upon_o one_o idea_n without_o variation_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o other_o and_o we_o see_v that_o they_o who_o thought_n be_v very_a intent_n upon_o one_o thing_n let_v slip_v out_o of_o their_o account_n a_o good_a part_n of_o that_o duration_n and_o think_v that_o time_n short_a than_o it_o be_v but_o if_o a_o man_n during_o his_o sleep_n dream_n and_o variety_n of_o idea_n make_v themselves_o perceptible_a in_o his_o mind_n one_o after_o another_o he_o have_v then_o during_o such_o dream_v a_o sense_n of_o duration_n and_o of_o the_o length_n of_o it_o a_o man_n have_v once_o get_v this_o idea_n of_o duration_n can_v apply_v it_o to_o thing_n which_o exist_v while_n he_o do_v not_o think_v and_o thus_o we_o measure_v the_o time_n of_o our_o sleep_n as_o well_o as_o that_o wherein_o we_o be_v awake_a those_o who_o think_v we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o succession_n from_o our_o observation_n of_o motion_n by_o our_o sense_n will_v be_v of_o our_o opinion_n when_o they_o consider_v that_o motion_n produce_v in_o the_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o succession_n no_o otherwise_o than_o as_o it_o produce_v there_o a_o continue_a train_n of_o distinguishable_a idea_n a_o man_n that_o look_v upon_o a_o body_n real_o move_v perceive_v no_o motion_n unless_o that_o motion_n produce_v a_o constant_a train_n of_o successive_a idea_n but_o wherever_o a_o man_n be_v though_o all_o thing_n be_v at_o rest_n about_o he_o if_o he_o think_v he_o will_v be_v conscious_a of_o succession_n without_o perceive_v any_o motion_n hence_o motion_n very_o slow_a be_v not_o perceive_v by_o we_o because_o the_o change_n of_o distance_n be_v so_o slow_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o new_a idea_n in_o we_o but_o after_o a_o long_a interval_n the_o same_o happen_v in_o thing_n that_o move_v very_o swift_a which_o not_o affect_v the_o sense_n with_o several_a distinguishable_a distance_n of_o their_o motion_n cause_v not_o any_o train_n of_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o perceive_v thus_o any_o thing_n that_o move_v round_o in_o a_o circle_n in_o less_o time_n than_o our_o idea_n be_v wont_a to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n be_v not_o perceive_v to_o move_v but_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a entire_a circle_n of_o that_o matter_n which_o be_v in_o motion_n such_o a_o part_n of_o duration_n as_o take_v up_o the_o time_n of_o only_o one_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n wherein_o we_o perceive_v no_o succession_n we_o call_v a_o instant_a duration_n as_o mark_v by_o certain_a period_n and_o measure_n be_v what_o we_o most_o proper_o call_v time_n which_o we_o measure_v by_o the_o diurnal_a and_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o be_v constant_a regular_a and_o universal_o observable_a by_o all_o mankind_n and_o suppose_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o time_n shall_v be_v measure_v by_o motion_n any_o constant_a periodical_a appearance_n in_o seem_o equidistant_a space_n may_v as_o well_o distinguish_v the_o interval_n of_o time_n as_o what_o we_o make_v use_v of_o for_o suppose_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v light_v and_o then_o extinguish_v every_o day_n and_o that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o annual_a revolution_n it_o shall_v sensible_o increase_v in_o brightness_n and_o so_o decrease_v again_o such_o a_o regular_a appearance_n will_v serve_v to_o measure_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o duration_n to_o all_o that_o can_v observe_v it_o as_o well_o without_o as_o with_o motion_n the_o freeze_a of_o water_n the_o blow_n of_o a_o plant_n return_v at_o equidistant_a period_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v serve_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o effect_n we_o find_v that_o a_o people_n of_o america_n count_v their_o year_n by_o the_o come_n and_o go_v away_o of_o bird_n at_o certain_a season_n the_o mind_n have_v once_o get_v such_o a_o measure_n of_o time_n as_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v easy_o apply_v it_o to_o
duration_n wherein_o that_o measure_n itself_o do_v not_o exist_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o duration_n equal_a to_o a_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v as_o easy_o applicable_a in_o our_o thought_n to_o duration_n where_o no_o sun_n nor_o motion_n be_v as_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o yard_n to_o distance_n beyond_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o same_o mean_n we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o eternity_n for_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o certain_a length_n of_o duration_n we_o can_v in_o our_o thought_n add_v they_o to_o one_o another_o as_o oft_o as_o we_o please_v without_o ever_o come_v to_o a_o end_n chap._n xv._n of_o duration_n and_o expansion_n consider_v together_o time_n be_v to_o duration_n as_o place_n be_v to_o space_n or_o expansion_n they_o be_v so_o much_o of_o those_o boundless_a ocean_n of_o eternity_n and_o immensity_n as_o be_v set_v out_o and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v the_o position_n of_o finite_a real_a being_n in_o respect_n one_o to_o another_o in_o those_o infinite_a ocean_n of_o duration_n and_o space_n each_o of_o these_o have_v a_o twofold_a acceptation_n first_o time_n in_o general_n be_v take_v for_o so_o much_o of_o infinite_a duration_n as_o be_v coexistent_a with_o the_o universe_n and_o measure_v out_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o great_a body_n thus_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o phrase_n before_o all_o time_n when_o time_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o place_n be_v likewise_o take_v for_o that_o portion_n of_o infinite_a space_n possess_v by_o the_o material_a world_n though_o this_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v extension_n within_o these_o two_o be_v confine_v the_o particular_a time_n or_o duration_n extension_n or_o place_n of_o all_o corporeal_a being_n second_o time_n be_v sometime_o apply_v to_o part_n of_o that_o infinite_a duration_n that_o be_v not_o real_o measure_v out_o by_o real_a existence_n but_o such_o as_o we_o upon_o occasion_n do_v suppose_v equal_a to_o certain_a length_n of_o measure_a time_n as_o in_o the_o julian_n period_n which_o make_v a_o excursion_n of_o seven_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n beyond_o the_o creation_n thus_o we_o may_v speak_v of_o place_n or_o distance_n in_o the_o great_a inane_fw-la wherein_o i_o can_v conceive_v a_o space_n equal_a to_o or_o capable_a of_o receive_v a_o body_n of_o any_o assign_a dimension_n chap._n xvi_o of_o number_n the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o number_n be_v form_v by_o add_v several_a unite_v together_o the_o simple_a modes_n of_o it_o be_v each_o several_a combination_n as_o two_o three_o etc._n etc._n these_o be_v of_o all_o other_o most_o distinct_a the_o near_a be_v as_o clear_o different_a from_o each_o other_o as_o the_o most_o remote_a two_o be_v as_o distinct_a from_o one_o as_o two_o hundred_o but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o form_v distinct_a idea_n of_o every_o the_o least_o excess_n in_o extension_n hence_o demonstration_n in_o number_n be_v more_o general_a in_o their_o use_n and_o more_o determinate_a in_o their_o application_n than_o those_o of_o extension_n simple_a modes_n of_o number_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n but_o so_o many_o combination_n of_o unite_v which_o have_v no_o variety_n but_o more_o or_o less_o name_n for_o each_o distinct_a combination_n seem_v more_o necessary_a then_o in_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o idea_n for_o without_o a_o name_n or_o mark_v to_o distinguish_v that_o precise_a collection_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v keep_v from_o be_v a_o heap_n of_o confusion_n hence_o some_o american_n have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n of_o any_o number_n beyond_o twenty_o so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v discourse_v with_o of_o great_a number_n they_o show_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n so_o that_o to_o reckon_v right_o two_o thing_n be_v require_v first_o that_o the_o mind_n distinguish_v careful_o two_o idea_n which_o be_v different_a one_o from_o another_o only_o by_o the_o addition_n or_o substraction_n of_o one_o unite_n second_o that_o it_o retain_v in_o memory_n the_o name_n or_o mark_v of_o the_o several_a combination_n from_o a_o unite_v to_o that_o number_n and_o that_o in_o exact_a order_n as_o they_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o either_o of_o which_o if_o it_o fail_v the_o whole_a business_n of_o number_v will_v be_v disturb_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v only_o the_o confuse_a idea_n of_o multitude_n but_o the_o idea_n necessary_a to_o distinct_a numeration_n will_v not_o be_v attain_v to_o chap._n xvii_o of_o infinity_o the_o idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n infinity_o be_v best_a examine_v by_o consider_v to_o what_o infinity_o be_v by_o the_o mind_n attribute_v and_o then_o how_o it_o frame_v it_o finite_a and_o infinite_a then_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o mode_n of_o quantity_n and_o attribute_v primary_o to_o thing_n that_o have_v part_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o increase_n or_o diminution_n by_o the_o addition_n or_o substraction_n of_o any_o the_o least_o part_n such_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o space_n duration_n and_o number_n when_o we_o apply_v this_o idea_n to_o the_o supreme_a be_v we_o do_v it_o primary_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o duration_n and_o ubiquity_n more_o figurative_o when_o to_o his_o wisdom_n power_n goodness_n and_o other_o attribute_n which_o be_v proper_o inexhaustible_a and_o incomprehensible_a for_o when_o we_o call_v they_o infinite_a we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o this_o infinity_o but_o what_o carry_v with_o it_o some_o reflection_n on_o the_o number_n or_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o act_n or_o object_n of_o god_n power_n and_o wisdom_n which_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v so_o great_a or_o so_o many_o which_o these_o attribute_n will_v not_o always_o surmount_v and_o exceed_v tho'_o we_o multiply_v they_o in_o our_o thought_n with_o the_o infinity_o of_o endless_a number_n i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o say_v how_o these_o attribute_n be_v in_o god_n who_o be_v infinite_o beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o narrow_a capacity_n but_o this_o be_v our_o way_n of_o conceive_v they_o and_o these_o our_o idea_n of_o their_o infinity_o the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v how_o we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o infinity_o every_o one_o that_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o any_o state_v length_n of_o space_n as_o a_o foot_n yard_n etc._n etc._n find_v that_o he_o can_v repeat_v that_o idea_n and_o join_v it_o to_o another_o to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o on_o without_o ever_o come_v to_o a_o end_n of_o his_o addition_n from_o this_o power_n of_o enlarge_a his_o idea_n of_o space_n he_o take_v the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a space_n or_o immensity_n by_o the_o same_o power_n of_o repeat_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o length_n of_o duration_n we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n with_o all_o the_o endless_a addition_n of_o number_n we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o eternity_n if_o our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o be_v get_v by_o repeat_v without_o end_n our_o own_o idea_n why_o do_v we_o not_o attribute_v it_o to_o other_o idea_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o space_n and_o duration_n since_o they_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o and_o as_o often_o repeat_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o the_o other_o yet_o no_o body_n ever_o think_v of_o infinite_a sweetness_n whiteness_n tho'_o he_o can_v repeat_v the_o idea_n of_o sweet_a or_o white_a as_o frequent_o as_o those_o of_o yard_n or_o day_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o idea_n that_o have_v part_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o increase_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o part_n afford_v we_o by_o their_o repetition_n a_o idea_n of_o infinity_o because_o with_o the_o endless_a repetition_n there_o be_v continue_v a_o enlargement_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o end_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o other_o idea_n for_o if_o to_o the_o perfect_a idea_n i_o have_v of_o white_a i_o add_v another_o of_o equal_a whiteness_n it_o enlarge_v not_o my_o idea_n at_o all_o those_o idea_n that_o consist_v not_o of_o part_n can_v be_v augment_v to_o what_o proportion_n man_n please_v or_o be_v stretch_v beyond_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v by_o their_o sense_n but_o space_n duration_n and_o number_n be_v capable_a of_o increase_n by_o repetition_n leave_v in_o the_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o a_o endless_a room_n for_o more_o and_o so_o those_o idea_n alone_o lead_v the_o mind_n towards_o the_o thought_n of_o infinity_o we_o be_v careful_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o infinity_o of_o space_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o space_n infinite_a the_o first_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o suppose_a endless_a progression_n of_o the_o mind_n over_o any_o repeat_v idea_n of_o space_n but_o to_o have_v actual_o in_o the_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o space_n infinite_a be_v to_o suppose_v the_o mind_n already_o pass_v over_o all_o those_o repeat_v idea_n of_o space_n which_o a_o endless_a repetition_n
can_v never_o total_o represent_v to_o it_o which_o carry_v in_o it_o a_o plain_a contradiction_n this_o will_v be_v plain_o if_o we_o consider_v infinity_o in_o number_n the_o infinity_o of_o number_n to_o the_o end_n of_o who_o addition_n every_o one_o perceive_v there_o be_v no_o approach_n easy_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o that_o reflect_v on_o it_o but_o how_o clear_a soever_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o infinity_o of_o number_n be_v there_o be_v nothing_o yet_o more_o evident_a than_o the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o actual_a idea_n of_o infinite_a number_n chap._n xviii_o of_o other_o simple_a modes_n the_o mind_n have_v several_a distinct_a idea_n of_o slide_v rolling_n walk_v creep_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v all_o but_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o motion_n swift_a and_o slow_n be_v two_o different_a idea_n of_o motion_n the_o measure_n whereof_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o space_n put_v together_o the_o like_a variety_n we_o have_v in_o sound_n every_o articulate_a word_n be_v a_o different_a modification_n of_o sound_n as_o be_v also_o note_n of_o different_a length_n put_v together_o which_o make_v that_o complex_n idea_n call_v tune_n the_o modes_n of_o colour_n may_v be_v also_o very_o various_a some_o of_o which_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o the_o different_a degree_n or_o as_o they_o be_v term_v shade_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o since_o we_o seldom_o make_v assemblage_n of_o colour_n without_o take_v in_o figure_n also_o as_o in_o paint_v etc._n etc._n those_o which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o do_v most_o common_o belong_v to_o mix_a modes_n as_o beauty_n rainbow_n etc._n etc._n all_o compound_v taste_n and_o smell_v be_v also_o modes_n make_v up_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o those_o sense_n but_o they_o be_v such_o as_o general_o we_o have_v no_o name_n for_o can_v be_v set_v down_o in_o writing_n but_o must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o thought_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o reader_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o modes_n of_o think_v when_o the_o mind_n turn_v its_o view_n inward_o upon_o its_o self_n think_v be_v the_o first_o idea_n that_o occur_v wherein_o it_o observe_v a_o great_a variety_n of_o modification_n and_o thereof_o frame_v to_o itself_o distinct_a idea_n thus_o the_o perception_n annex_v to_o any_o impression_n on_o the_o body_n make_v by_o a_o external_a object_n be_v call_v sensation_n when_o a_o idea_n recur_v without_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o object_n it_o be_v call_v remembrance_n when_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n and_o bring_v again_o in_o view_n it_o be_v recollection_n when_o hold_v there_o long_o under_o attentive_a consideration_n it_o be_v contemplation_n when_o idea_n float_v in_o the_o mind_n without_o regard_n or_o reflection_n it_o be_v call_v in_o french_a resvery_n our_o language_n have_v scarce_o a_o name_n for_o it_o when_o the_o idea_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o it_o be_v register_v in_o the_o memory_n it_o be_v attention_n when_o the_o mind_n fix_v its_o view_n on_o any_o one_o idea_n and_o consider_v it_o on_o all_o side_n it_o be_v intention_n and_o study_n sleep_v without_o dream_v be_v rest_n from_o all_o these_o and_o dream_v be_v the_o perception_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n not_o suggest_v by_o any_o external_a object_n or_o know_v occasion_n nor_o under_o any_o choice_n or_o conduct_n of_o the_o understanding_n of_o these_o various_a mode_n of_o think_v the_o mind_n form_n as_o distinct_a idea_n as_o it_o do_v of_o white_a and_o red_a a_o square_a or_o a_o circle_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n pleasure_n and_o pain_n be_v simple_a idea_n which_o we_o receive_v both_o from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n there_o be_v thought_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o well_o as_o sensation_n accompany_v with_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n their_o cause_n be_v term_v good_a or_o evil._n for_o thing_n be_v esteem_v good_a or_o evil_a only_a in_o reference_n to_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n that_o we_o call_v good_a which_o be_v apt_a to_o cause_n or_o increase_v pleasure_n or_o diminish_v pain_n in_o we_o to_o procure_v or_o preserve_v the_o possession_n of_o any_o good_a or_o absence_n of_o any_o evil_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o we_o call_v evil_a which_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v or_o increase_v any_o pain_n or_o diminish_v any_o pleasure_n in_o we_o or_o else_o to_o procure_v we_o any_o evil_a or_o deprive_v we_o of_o any_o good_a by_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v of_o body_n or_o mind_n as_o they_o be_v common_o distinguish_v tho'_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v only_o different_a constitution_n of_o the_o mind_n sometime_o occasion_v by_o disorder_n in_o the_o body_n sometime_o by_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n pleasure_n and_o pain_n and_o their_o cause_n good_a and_o evil_a be_v the_o hinge_n upon_o which_o our_o passion_n turn_v by_o reflect_v on_o the_o various_a modification_n or_o temper_n of_o mind_n and_o the_o internal_a sensation_n which_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n good_a and_o evil_n produce_v in_o we_o we_o may_v thence_o form_v to_o ourselves_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o passion_n thus_o by_o reflect_v upon_o the_o thought_n we_o have_v of_o the_o delight_n which_o any_o thing_n be_v apt_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o we_o have_v a_o idea_n we_o call_v love_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o thought_n of_o the_o pain_n which_o any_o thing_n present_a or_o absent_a produce_v in_o we_o be_v what_o we_o call_v hatred_n desire_n be_v that_o uneasiness_n which_o a_o man_n find_v in_o himself_o upon_o the_o absence_n of_o any_o thing_n the_o present_a enjoyment_n of_o which_o carry_v the_o idea_n of_o delight_n with_o it_o joy_n be_v a_o delight_n of_o the_o mind_n arise_v from_o the_o present_a or_o assure_v approach_v possession_n of_o a_o good_n sorrow_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o good_a lose_v or_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o present_a evil._n hope_n be_v a_o pleasure_n in_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o probable_a future_a enjoyment_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o delight_v fear_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o future_a evil_n likely_a to_o befall_v we_o anger_n be_v a_o discomposure_n of_o mind_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o injury_n with_o a_o present_a purpose_n of_o revenge_n despair_n be_v the_o thought_n of_o the_o unattainableness_n of_o any_o good_n envy_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o mind_n cause_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o good_a we_o desire_v obtain_v by_o one_o we_o think_v shall_v not_o have_v have_v it_o before_o we_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o passion_n the_o removal_n or_o lessen_v of_o a_o pain_n be_v consider_v and_o operate_v as_o a_o pleasure_n and_o the_o loss_n or_o diminish_n of_o a_o pleasure_n as_o a_o pain_n and_o far_o that_o the_o passion_n in_o most_o person_n operate_v on_o the_o body_n and_o cause_v various_a change_n in_o it_o but_o these_o be_v not_o always_o sensible_a do_v not_o make_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o each_o passion_n beside_o these_o mode_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o result_n from_o the_o various_a consideration_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a there_o be_v many_o other_o i_o may_v have_v instance_a in_o as_o the_o pain_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o of_o music_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o rather_o choose_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o passion_n as_o be_v of_o much_o more_o concernment_n to_o we_o chap._n xxi_o of_o power_n the_o mind_n be_v every_o day_n inform_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o those_o simple_a idea_n it_o observe_v in_o thing_n without_o reflect_v also_o on_o what_o pass_v within_o itself_o and_o observe_v a_o constant_a change_n of_o its_o idea_n sometime_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n upon_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o determination_n of_o its_o own_o choice_n and_o conclude_v from_o what_o it_o have_v so_o constant_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o like_a change_n will_v for_o the_o future_a be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o by_o the_o like_a way_n consider_v in_o one_o thing_n the_o possibility_n of_o have_v any_o of_o its_o simple_a idea_n change_v and_o in_o another_o the_o possibility_n of_o make_v that_o change_n and_o so_o come_v by_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o call_v power_n thus_o we_o say_v fire_n have_v a_o power_n to_o melt_v gold_n and_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o gold_n have_v a_o power_n to_o be_v melt_v power_n thus_o consider_v be_v twofold_a viz._n as_o able_a to_o make_v or_o able_a to_o receive_v any_o change_n the_o one_o may_v be_v call_v active_a the_o
disagreement_n of_o man_n voluntary_a action_n to_o a_o rule_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v and_o by_o which_o they_o be_v judge_v of_o these_o may_v be_v call_v moral_a relation_n it_o be_v this_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o action_n to_o some_o law_n whereby_o good_a or_o evil_a be_v draw_v on_o we_o from_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o be_v what_o we_o call_v reward_n or_o punishment_n that_o render_v our_o action_n moral_o good_a or_o evil._n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n or_o law_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v three_o sort_n with_o their_o different_a ensorcement_n first_o the_o divine_a law_n second_o civil_a law_n three_o the_o law_n of_o opinion_n or_o reputation_n by_o their_o relation_n to_o the_o first_o our_o action_n be_v either_o sin_n or_o duty_n to_o the_o second_o criminal_a or_o innocent_a to_o the_o three_o virtue_n or_o vice_n one_a by_o the_o divine_a law_n i_o mean_v that_o law_n which_o god_n have_v set_v to_o the_o action_n of_o man_n whether_o promulgate_v to_o they_o by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o voice_n of_o revelation_n that_o god_n have_v give_v a_o law_n to_o mankind_n seem_v undeniable_a since_o he_o have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o we_o be_v his_o creature_n second_o goodness_n and_o wisdom_n to_o direct_v our_o action_n to_o what_o be_v best_a three_o power_n to_o enforce_v it_o by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n of_o infinite_a weight_n and_o duration_n this_o be_v the_o only_a true_a touchstone_n of_o moral_a rectitude_n and_o by_o which_o man_n judge_v of_o the_o most_o considerable_a moral_a good_a or_o evil_a of_o their_o action_n that_o be_v whether_o as_o duty_n or_o sin_n they_o be_v like_a to_o procure_v they_o happiness_n or_o misery_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a 2_o lie_n the_o civil_a law_n be_v the_o rule_n set_v by_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o action_n of_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o this_o law_n no_o body_n overlook_v the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v ready_a at_o hand_n to_o enforce_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o protect_a or_o take_v away_o of_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n of_o those_o who_o observe_v or_o disobey_v it_o 3_o the_o law_n of_o opinion_n or_o reputation_n virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v name_n suppose_v every_o where_o to_o stand_v for_o action_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n right_o and_o wrong_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v real_o so_o apply_v they_o so_o far_o be_v co-incident_a with_o the_o divine_a law_n but_o it_o be_v visible_a that_o these_o name_n in_o the_o particular_a instance_n of_o their_o application_n through_o the_o several_a nation_n and_o society_n of_o man_n be_v constant_o attribute_v only_o to_o such_o action_n as_o in_o each_o country_n and_o society_n be_v in_o reputation_n or_o discredit_v so_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o what_o be_v every_o where_o call_v and_o esteem_v virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o approbation_n or_o dislike_n praise_n or_o blame_v which_o by_o a_o tacit_n consent_n establish_v itself_o in_o the_o society_n and_o tribe_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n whereby_o several_a action_n come_v to_o find_v credit_n or_o disgrace_n among_o they_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n maxim_n or_o fashion_n of_o the_o place_n that_o this_o be_v so_o appear_v hence_o that_o thou_o that_o pass_v for_o virtue_n in_o one_o place_n which_o be_v elsewhere_o account_v vice_n yet_o every_o where_o virtue_n and_o praise_n vice_n and_o blame_v go_v together_o virtue_n be_v every_o where_o that_o which_o be_v think_v praiseworthy_a and_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o public_a esteem_n be_v call_v virtue_n these_o have_v so_o close_a a_o alliance_n that_o they_o be_v often_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n it_o be_v true_a virtue_n and_o vice_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n every_o where_o correspond_v with_o the_o unchangeable_a rule_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n which_o the_o law_n of_o god_n have_v establish_v because_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o law_n visible_o secure_v and_o advance_v the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o the_o neglect_n of_o they_o breed_v mischief_n and_o confusion_n and_o therefore_o man_n without_o renounce_v all_o sense_n and_o reason_n and_o their_o own_o interest_n can_v not_o general_o mistake_v in_o place_v their_o commendation_n and_o blame_n on_o that_o side_n that_o deserve_v it_o not_o they_o who_o think_v not_o commendation_n and_o disgrace_n sufficient_a motive_n to_o engage_v man_n to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o opinion_n and_o rule_n of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o converse_v seem_v little_o skilled_a in_o the_o history_n of_o mankind_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o govern_v themselves_o chief_o by_o this_o law_n of_o fashion_n the_o penalty_n that_o attend_v the_o breach_n of_o god_n law_n be_v seldom_o serious_o reflect_v on_o and_o those_o that_o do_v reflect_v on_o they_o entertain_v thought_n of_o future_a reconciliation_n and_o for_o the_o punishment_n due_a from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n man_n flatter_v themselves_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o impunity_n but_o no_o man_n escape_v censure_n and_o dislike_n who_o offend_v against_o fashion_n nor_o be_v there_o one_o of_o ten_o thousand_o stiff_a and_o insensible_a enough_o to_o bear_v up_o under_o the_o constant_a dislike_n and_o condemnation_n of_o his_o own_o club._n morality_n then_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o relation_n to_o these_o law_n or_o rule_n and_o these_o rule_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o collection_n of_o several_a simple_a idea_n the_o conformity_n thereto_o be_v but_o so_o order_v the_o action_n that_o the_o simple_a idea_n belong_v to_o it_o may_v correspond_v to_o those_o which_o the_o law_n require_v by_o which_o we_o see_v how_o moral_a being_n and_o notion_n be_v found_v on_o and_o terminate_v in_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n for_o example_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o complex_n idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n murder_n first_o from_o reflection_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o willing_a consider_v purpose_v malice_n etc._n etc._n also_o of_o life_n perception_n and_o self-motion_n second_o from_o sensation_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o man_n and_o of_o some_o action_n whereby_o we_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o perception_n and_o motion_n in_o the_o man_n all_o which_o simple_a idea_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n murder_n this_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v find_v to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o esteem_n of_o the_o country_n i_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o and_o to_o be_v hold_v worthy_a of_o praise_n or_o blame_v i_o call_v the_o action_n virtuous_a or_o vicious_a if_o i_o have_v the_o will_n of_o a_o supreme_a invisible_a lawmaker_n for_o my_o rule_n then_o as_o i_o suppose_v the_o action_n command_v or_o forbid_v by_o god_n i_o call_v it_o good_a or_o evil_a sin_n or_o duty_n if_o i_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o civil-law_n of_o my_o country_n i_o call_v it_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a a_o crime_n or_o no_o crime_n moral_a action_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n in_o which_o sense_n they_o be_v positive_a absolute_a idea_n second_o as_o good_a or_o bad_a or_o indifferent_a in_o this_o respect_n they_o be_v relative_n it_o be_v their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o some_o rule_n that_o make_v they_o be_v so_o we_o ought_v careful_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o positive_a idea_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o reference_n it_o have_v to_o a_o rule_n both_o which_o be_v common_o comprehend_v under_o one_o name_n which_o often_o occasion_n confusion_n and_o mislead_v the_o judgement_n it_o will_v be_v infinite_a to_o go_v over_o all_o sort_n of_o relation_n i_o have_v here_o mention_v some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o let_v we_o see_v from_o whence_o we_o get_v our_o idea_n of_o relation_n and_o wherein_o they_o be_v found_v chap._n xxix_o of_o clear_a obscure_a distinct_a and_o confuse_a idea_n have_v show_v the_o original_a of_o our_o idea_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o their_o several_a sort_n i_o shall_v offer_v some_o few_o other_o consideration_n concern_v they_o the_o first_o be_v that_o some_o be_v clear_a other_o obscure_a some_o distinct_a and_o other_o confuse_v our_o simple_a idea_n be_v clear_a when_o they_o be_v such_o as_o the_o object_n themselves_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v do_v in_o a_o well-ordered_a sensation_n or_o perception_n present_v they_o whilst_o the_o memory_n retain_v they_o thus_o and_o can_v produce_v they_o so_o to_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v they_o they_o be_v clear_a idea_n our_o complex_n idea_n be_v clear_a when_o the_o idea_n that_o go_v to_o their_o composition_n be_v clear_a and_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o
any_o receive_a hypothesis_n whereby_o they_o come_v to_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o term_n of_o that_o sect_n be_v so_o suit_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o perfect_o correspond_v with_o their_o real_a existence_n five_o another_o be_v the_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n of_o thing_n which_o they_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o general_a name_n of_o substance_n whereof_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v only_o know_v to_o we_o when_o we_o affirm_v or_o deny_v any_o thing_n about_o they_o we_o do_v most_o common_o tacit_o suppose_v or_o intend_v they_o shall_v stand_v for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o substance_n thus_o when_o a_o man_n say_v gold_n be_v malleable_a he_o will_v insinuate_v something_o more_o than_o this_o what_o i_o call_v gold_n be_v malleable_a tho'_o true_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o namely_o that_o what_o have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v malleable_a that_o be_v that_o malleableness_n depend_v on_o and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n but_o a_o man_n not_o know_v wherein_o that_o real_a essence_n consist_v the_o connexion_n in_o his_o mind_n of_o malleableness_n be_v not_o true_o with_o a_o essence_n he_o know_v not_o but_o with_o the_o sound_a gold_n he_o put_v for_o it_o it_o be_v true_a the_o name_n of_o substance_n will_v be_v much_o more_o useful_a and_o proposition_n express_v by_o they_o much_o more_o certain_a be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o substance_n the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n which_o those_o word_n signify_v and_o it_o be_v for_o want_v of_o those_o real_a essence_n that_o our_o word_n convey_v so_o little_a knowledge_n or_o certainty_n in_o our_o discourse_n about_o they_o but_o to_o suppose_v these_o name_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o thing_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n on_o which_o the_o property_n depend_v be_v so_o far_o from_o diminish_v the_o imperfection_n of_o our_o word_n that_o by_o a_o plain_a abuse_n it_o add_v to_o it_o when_o we_o will_v make_v they_o stand_v for_o something_o which_o not_o be_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o name_n we_o use_v can_v no_o way_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o it_o in_o mix_a modes_n any_o idea_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o being_n leave_v out_o or_o change_v it_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v another_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v of_o another_o species_n as_o be_v plain_a in_o chance-medley_n manslaughter_n murder_n etc._n etc._n because_o the_o complex_n idea_n signify_v by_o that_o name_n be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n and_o there_o be_v no_o secret_a reference_n of_o that_o name_n to_o any_o other_o essence_n but_o that_o but_o in_o substance_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o tho'_o in_o that_o call_v gold_n one_o put_v in_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n what_o another_o leave_v out_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la yet_o man_n do_v not_o usual_o think_v the_o species_n change_v because_o they_o refer_v the_o name_n in_o their_o mind_n to_o a_o real_a immutable_a essence_n of_o a_o thing_n exist_v on_o which_o those_o property_n depend_v but_o this_o reference_n of_o the_o name_n to_o a_o thing_n we_o have_v not_o the_o idea_n of_o be_v so_o far_o from_o help_v we_o at_o all_o that_o it_o only_o serve_v the_o more_o to_o involve_v we_o in_o difficulty_n this_o reference_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o supposition_n namely_o that_o the_o same_o precise_a internal_a constitution_n go_v always_o with_o the_o same_o specific_a name_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v these_o two_o false_a supposition_n first_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a precise_a essence_n according_a to_o which_o nature_n make_v all_o particular_a thing_n and_o by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v into_o species_n second_o this_o tacit_o insinuate_v as_o if_o we_o have_v idea_n of_o these_o essence_n for_o why_o do_v we_o inquire_v whether_o this_o or_o that_o thing_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o species_n man_n for_o instance_n if_o we_o do_v not_o suppose_v it_o know_v which_o yet_o be_v utter_o false_a and_o therefore_o such_o application_n of_o name_n as_o will_v make_v they_o stand_v for_o idea_n we_o have_v not_o must_v needs_o cause_v great_a disorder_n in_o discourse_n and_o reason_v about_o they_o and_o be_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o our_o communication_n by_o word_n six_o another_o more_o general_a tho'_o less_o observe_v abuse_v of_o word_n be_v that_o man_n have_v by_o long_a and_o familiar_a use_n annex_v to_o they_o certain_a idea_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v so_o near_o and_o necessary_a a_o connexion_n between_o the_o name_n and_o the_o signification_n they_o use_v they_o in_o that_o they_o forward_o suppose_v one_o can_v but_o understand_v what_o their_o meaning_n be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n that_o in_o the_o use_n of_o these_o common_a receive_v sound_n the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n have_v necessary_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n and_o so_o likewise_o take_v the_o word_n of_o other_o as_o natural_o stand_v for_o just_a what_o they_o themselves_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o apply_v they_o to_o they_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o explain_v their_o own_o or_o understand_v another_o meaning_n from_o whence_o common_o proceed_v noise_n and_o wrangle_a without_o improvement_n or_o information_n whilst_o man_n take_v word_n to_o be_v the_o constant_a regular_a mark_n of_o agree_v notion_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o voluntary_a and_o unsteady_a sign_n of_o their_o own_o idea_n thus_o life_n be_v a_o term_n none_o more_o familiar_a any_o one_o almost_o will_v take_v it_o for_o a_o affront_n to_o be_v ask_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o and_o yet_o if_o it_o come_v in_o question_n whether_o such_o a_o thing_n have_v life_n or_o not_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v that_o a_o clear_a distinct_a settle_a idea_n do_v not_o always_o accompany_v the_o use_n of_o so_o know_v a_o word_n seven_o figurative_a speech_n be_v also_o a_o abuse_n of_o language_n for_o tho'_o in_o discourse_n where_o we_o seek_v rather_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n than_o information_n and_o improvement_n such_o ornament_n as_o be_v borrow_v from_o figurative_a speech_n and_o allusion_n can_v scarce_o pass_v for_o fault_n yet_o if_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v we_o must_v allow_v that_o all_o the_o art_n of_o rhetoric_n beside_o order_n and_o clearness_n all_o the_o artificial_a and_o figurative_a application_n of_o word_n eloquence_n have_v invent_v be_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o insinuate_v wrong_a idea_n move_v the_o passion_n and_o thereby_o mislead_v the_o judgement_n and_o so_o indeed_o be_v perfect_a cheat._n and_o therefore_o however_o allowable_a they_o may_v be_v in_o harangue_n and_o popular_a address_n they_o be_v certain_o in_o all_o discourse_n that_o pretend_v to_o inform_v and_o instruct_v whole_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o where_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v concern_v can_v but_o be_v think_v a_o great_a fault_n either_o of_o the_o language_n or_o person_n that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o to_o conclude_v this_o consideration_n the_o end_n of_o language_n in_o our_o discourse_n with_o other_o be_v chief_o these_o three_o first_o to_o make_v our_o thought_n or_o idea_n know_v to_o another_o this_o we_o fail_v in_o first_o when_o we_o use_v name_n without_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o our_o mind_n second_o when_o we_o apply_v receive_v name_n to_o idea_n to_o which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o that_o language_n do_v not_o apply_v they_o three_o when_o we_o apply_v they_o unsteady_o make_v they_o stand_v now_o for_o one_o and_o by_o and_o by_o for_o another_o idea_n second_o to_o make_v know_v our_o thought_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n and_o quickness_n as_o be_v possible_a this_o man_n fail_v in_o when_o they_o have_v complex_n ideas_n without_o have_v distinct_a name_n for_o they_o which_o may_v happen_v either_o through_o the_o defect_n of_o a_o language_n which_o have_v none_o or_o the_o fault_n of_o that_o man_n who_o have_v not_o yet_o learn_v they_o three_o to_o convey_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n this_o can_v be_v do_v but_o when_o our_o idea_n agree_v to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n he_o that_o have_v name_n without_o idea_n want_v meaning_n in_o his_o word_n and_o speak_v only_o empty_a sound_n he_o that_o have_v complex_n ideas_n without_o name_n for_o they_o want_n dispatch_v in_o his_o expression_n he_o that_o use_v his_o word_n loose_o and_o unsteady_o will_v either_o not_o be_v mind_v or_o not_o understand_v he_o that_o apply_v his_o name_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o their_o common_a use_n want_v propriety_n in_o his_o language_n and_o speak_v gibberish_n and_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n disagree_v with_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n so_o far_o want_v the_o material_n of_o
narrow_a compass_n and_o many_o of_o the_o philosopher_n to_o mention_v no_o other_o as_o well_o as_o poet_n work_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o a_o nutshell_n book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n since_o the_o mind_n in_o all_o its_o thought_n and_o reason_n have_v no_o other_o immediate_a object_n but_o its_o own_o idea_n which_o alone_o it_o do_v or_o can_v contemplate_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n be_v only_o conversant_a about_o they_o knowledge_n then_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n and_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n and_o repugnancy_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n where_o this_o perception_n be_v there_o be_v knowledge_n and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o there_o tho'_o we_o fancy_v guess_v or_o believe_v yet_o we_o always_o come_v short_a of_o knowledge_n when_o we_o know_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a what_o do_v we_o but_o perceive_v that_o these_o two_o idea_n do_v not_o agree_v or_o that_o 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discovery_n of_o they_o more_o perfect_a the_o intellectual_a and_o sensible_a world_n be_v in_o this_o perfect_o alike_o that_o the_o part_n which_o we_o see_v of_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o we_o see_v not_o and_o whatsoever_o we_o can_v reach_v with_o our_o eye_n or_o our_o thought_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v but_o a_o point_n almost_o nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o rest_n another_o great_a cause_n of_o ignorance_n be_v the_o want_n of_o idea_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o this_o keep_v we_o in_o ignorance_n of_o thing_n we_o conceive_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n we_o have_v idea_n of_o yet_o not_o know_v what_o be_v the_o particular_a bulk_n motion_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o several_a power_n efficacy_n and_o way_n of_o operation_n whereby_o the_o effect_n we_o daily_o see_v be_v produce_v these_o be_v hide_v from_o we_o in_o some_o thing_n by_o be_v too_o remote_a in_o other_o by_o be_v too_o minute_n when_o we_o consider_v the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o know_a and_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o think_v that_o what_o lie_v within_o our_o ken_n be_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o immense_a universe_n we_o shall_v then_o discover_v a_o huge_a abyss_n of_o ignorance_n what_o be_v the_o particular_a fabric_n of_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o matter_n which_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a stupendous_a frame_n of_o corporeal_a being_n how_o far_o they_o be_v extend_v and_o what_o be_v their_o motion_n and_o how_o continue_v and_o what_o influence_n they_o have_v upon_o one_o another_o be_v contemplation_n that_o at_o first_o glimpse_n our_o thought_n lose_v themselves_o in_o if_o we_o confine_v our_o thought_n to_o this_o little_a canton_n i_o mean_v this_o system_fw-la of_o
must_v be_v such_o and_o such_o only_a as_o be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o simple_a one_o as_o have_v be_v discover_v to_o co-exist_a in_o nature_n wherever_o then_o we_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n and_o wherever_o we_o be_v sure_o those_o idea_n agree_v with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v certain_a real_a knowledge_n chap_n v._o of_o truth_n in_o general_n truth_n in_o the_o proper_a import_n of_o the_o word_n signify_v the_o join_n or_o separate_n of_o sign_n as_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o they_o do_v agree_v or_o disagree_v one_o with_o another_o the_o join_v or_o separate_n of_o sign_n be_v what_o we_o call_v proposition_n so_o that_o truth_n proper_o belong_v only_o to_o proposition_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n mental_a and_o verbal_a as_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o sign_n common_o make_v use_n of_o idea_n and_o word_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o treat_v of_o mental_a proposition_n without_o verbal_n because_o in_o speak_v of_o mental_a we_o must_v make_v use_n of_o word_n and_o then_o they_o become_v verbal_a again_o man_n common_o in_o their_o thought_n and_o reason_n use_v word_n instead_o of_o idea_n especial_o if_o the_o subject_n of_o their_o meditation_n contain_v in_o it_o complex_n idea_n if_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o form_v mental_a proposition_n about_o white_a black_a circle_n etc._n etc._n we_o can_v and_o often_o do_v frame_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n themselves_o without_o reflect_v on_o the_o name_n but_o when_o we_o will_v consider_v or_o make_v proposition_n about_o the_o more_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o of_o a_o man_n vitriol_n fortitude_n glory_n etc._n etc._n we_o usual_o put_v the_o name_n for_o the_o idea_n because_o the_o idea_n these_o name_n stand_v for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n confuse_v imperfect_a and_o undetermined_a we_o reflect_v on_o the_o name_n themselves_o as_o be_v more_o clear_a certain_a and_o distinct_a and_o ready_a to_o occur_v to_o our_o thought_n than_o pure_a idea_n and_o so_o we_o make_v use_v of_o these_o word_n instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o we_o will_v meditate_v and_o reason_n within_o ourselves_o and_o make_v tacit_n mental_a proposition_n we_o must_v then_o observe_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v first_o mental_a proposition_n wherein_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n be_v put_v together_o or_o separate_v by_o the_o mind_n perceive_v or_o judge_v of_o their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n second_o verbal_a proposition_n which_o be_v word_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o affirmative_a or_o negative_a sentence_n so_o that_o proposition_n consist_v in_o join_v or_o separate_a sign_n and_o truth_n consist_v in_o put_v together_o or_o separate_a these_o sign_n according_a as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v truth_n as_o well_o as_o knowledge_n may_v well_o come_v under_o the_o distinction_n of_o verbal_n and_o real_a that_o be_v only_o verbal_a truth_n wherein_o term_n be_v join_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o without_o regard_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o real_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o nature_n but_o than_o it_o be_v they_o contain_v real_a truth_n when_o these_o sign_n be_v join_v as_o our_o idea_n agree_v and_o when_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o we_o know_v be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o nature_n which_o in_o substance_n we_o can_v know_v but_o by_o know_v that_o such_o have_v exi_v truth_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v falshood_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o so_o far_o as_o these_o idea_n thus_o mark_v by_o sound_n agree_v to_o their_o archetype_n so_o far_o only_o be_v the_o truth_n real_a the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n consist_v in_o know_v what_o idea_n the_o word_n stand_v for_o and_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o be_v mark_v by_o those_o word_n beside_o truth_n take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n beforementioned_a there_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o truth_n as_o first_o moral_a truth_n which_o be_v speak_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o persuasion_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n second_o metaphysical_a truth_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v their_o name_n these_o consideration_n of_o truth_n either_o have_v be_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o not_o be_v much_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o may_v suffice_v here_o only_o to_o have_v mention_v they_o chap._n vi_o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n the_o prevail_a custom_n of_o use_v sound_n for_o idea_n even_o when_o man_n think_v and_o reason_n within_o their_o own_o breast_n make_v the_o consideration_n of_o word_n and_o proposition_n so_o necessary_a a_o part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o speak_v intelligible_o of_o the_o one_o without_o explain_v the_o other_o and_o since_o general_a truth_n which_o with_o reason_n be_v most_o seek_v after_o can_v never_o be_v well_o make_v know_v and_o be_v seldom_o apprehend_v but_o as_o conceive_v and_o express_v in_o word_n it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o our_o way_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o our_o own_o knowledge_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o universal_a proposition_n but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o certainty_n be_v twofold_a certainty_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n certainty_n of_o truth_n be_v when_o word_n be_v so_o put_v together_o in_o proposition_n as_o exact_o to_o express_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o as_o real_o it_o be_v certainty_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n this_o we_o usual_o call_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n now_o because_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o general_a proposition_n unless_o we_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n its_o term_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v necessary_a we_o shall_v know_v the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n which_o be_v that_o which_o constitute_v and_o bound_n it_o this_o in_o all_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o do_v for_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be-being_a the_o same_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n how_o far_o the_o species_n extend_v or_o what_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o each_o term_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v all_o that_o have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o and_o no_o other_o but_o in_o substance_n wherein_o a_o real_a essence_n distinct_a from_o the_o nominal_a be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v and_o bind_v the_o species_n the_o extent_n of_o the_o general_a word_n be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o not_o know_v this_o real_a essence_n we_o can_v know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o of_o that_o species_n and_o consequent_o what_o may_v or_o may_v not_o with_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v of_o it_o hence_o we_o may_v see_v that_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n when_o make_v to_o stand_v for_o species_n suppose_v to_o be_v constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n which_o we_o know_v not_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o convey_v certainty_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o general_n proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o term_n we_o can_v be_v sure_o for_o how_o can_v we_o besure_n that_o this_o or_o that_o quality_n be_v in_o gold_n for_o instance_n when_o we_o know_v not_o what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n that_o be_v what_o have_v or_o have_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n when_o make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n man_n have_v in_o their_o mind_n tho'_o they_o carry_v a_o clear_a and_o determinate_a signification_n with_o they_o will_v not_o yet_o serve_v we_o to_o make_v many_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a because_o the_o simple_a idea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o complex_n be_v combine_v carry_v not_o with_o they_o any_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o repugnancy_n but_o with_o a_o very_a few_o other_o idea_n for_o instance_n all_o gold_n be_v fix_v be_v a_o proposition_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o how_o universal_o soever_o it_o be_v believe_v for_o if_o we_o take_v the_o term_n
gold_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o real_a essence_n it_o be_v evident_a we_o know_v not_o what_o particular_a substance_n be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o so_o can_v with_o certainty_n affirm_v any_o thing_n universal_o of_o gold_n but_o if_o we_o make_v the_o term_n gold_n stand_v for_o a_o species_n determine_v by_o its_o nominal_a essence_n be_v its_o complex_fw-la idea_n what_o it_o will_v for_o instance_n a_o body_n yellow_a fusible_a malleable_a and_o very_o heavy_a no_o quality_n can_v with_o certainty_n be_v deny_v or_o affirm_v universal_o of_o it_o but_o what_o have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o inconsistency_n with_o that_o nominal_a essence_n fixedness_n for_o instance_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n that_o we_o can_v discover_v with_o any_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v the_o complex_fw-la one_o or_o with_o the_o whole_a combination_n together_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o we_o shall_v certain_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n all_o gold_n be_v fix_v but_o be_v not_o this_o a_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n all_o gold_n be_v malleable_a i_o answer_v it_o be_v so_o if_o malleableness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_n idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o but_o then_o here_o be_v nothing_o affirm_v of_o gold_n but_o that_o that_o sound_n stand_v for_o a_o idea_n in_o which_o malleableness_n be_v contain_v and_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n it_o be_v to_o say_v a_o centaur_n be_v fourfooted_a i_o imagine_v among_o all_o the_o secundary_a quality_n of_o substance_n and_o the_o power_n relate_v to_o they_o there_o can_v any_o two_o be_v name_v who_o necessary_a coexistence_n or_o repugnance_n to_o co-exist_a can_v be_v certain_o know_v unless_o in_o those_o of_o the_o same_o sense_n which_o necessary_o exclude_v one_o another_o thus_o by_o the_o colour_n we_o can_v certain_o know_v what_o smell_n taste_n etc._n etc._n any_o body_n be_v of_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n then_o that_o certainty_n be_v to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o very_a few_o general_a proposition_n concern_v substance_n our_o knowledge_n of_o their_o quality_n and_o property_n go_v very_o seldom_o far_o than_o our_o sense_n reach_v or_o inform_v we_o inquisitive_n and_o observe_v man_n may_v by_o strength_n of_o judgement_n penetrate_v far_o and_o on_o probability_n take_v from_o wary_a observation_n and_o hint_n well_o lay_v together_o often_o guess_v right_a at_o what_o experience_n have_v not_o yet_o discover_v to_o they_o but_o this_o be_v but_o guess_v still_o it_o amount_v only_o to_o opinion_n and_o have_v not_o that_o certainty_n which_o be_v requisite_a to_o knowledge_n to_o conclude_v general_a proposition_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o be_v then_o only_o capable_a of_o certainty_n when_o the_o term_n use_v in_o they_o stand_v for_o such_o idea_n who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o there_o express_v be_v capable_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o and_o we_o be_v then_o certain_a of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n when_o we_o perceive_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o to_o agree_v or_o not_o agree_v according_a as_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o whence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o general_a certainty_n be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o our_o idea_n chap._n vii_o of_o maxim_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o proposition_n which_o under_o the_o name_n of_o maxim_n and_o axiom_n have_v pass_v for_o principle_n of_o science_n and_o because_o they_o be_v self-evident_a have_v be_v suppose_v innate_a it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o evidence_n and_o examine_v how_o far_o they_o influence_n our_o other_o knowledge_n knowledge_n be_v but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n where_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v perceive_v immediate_o by_o itself_o without_o the_o intervention_n or_o help_n of_o any_o other_o there_o our_o knowledge_n be_v self-evident_a which_o be_v so_o not_o only_o maxim_n but_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o proposition_n partake_v equal_o with_o they_o in_o this_o self-evidence_n for_o in_o respect_n of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n we_o may_v have_v as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o know_v every_o one_o of_o its_o idea_n by_o itself_o and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o he_o know_v the_o idea_n he_o have_v that_o he_o know_v also_o when_o any_o one_o be_v in_o his_o understanding_n and_o what_o it_o be_v and_o that_o when_o more_o than_o one_o be_v there_o he_o know_v they_o distinct_o and_o unconfuse_o one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o all_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n concern_v they_o be_v make_v without_o any_o possibility_n of_o doubt_n or_o uncertainty_n and_o must_v necessary_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o understand_v that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a which_o the_o term_n in_o the_o proposition_n stand_v for_o thus_o a_o circle_n be_v a_o circle_n blue_n be_v not_o red_a be_v as_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o those_o general_a one_o what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v nor_o can_v the_o consideration_n of_o these_o axiom_n add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o evidence_n or_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o coexistence_n the_o mind_n have_v a_o immediate_a perception_n of_o this_o but_o in_o very_a few_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o have_v very_o little_a intuitive_a knowledge_n tho'_o in_o some_o few_o proposition_n we_o have_v two_o body_n can_v be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n i_o think_v be_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n the_o idea_n of_o fit_v a_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o content_n of_o its_o superficies_n be_v annex_v to_o our_o idea_n of_o body_n as_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o modes_n mathematician_n have_v frame_v many_o axiom_n concern_v that_o one_o relation_n of_o equality_n as_o equal_v take_v from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_a etc._n etc._n which_o however_o receive_v for_o axiom_n yet_o i_o think_v have_v not_o a_o clear_a self-evidence_n than_o these_o that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o that_o if_o from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o one_o hand_n you_o take_v two_o and_o from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o the_o other_o hand_n two_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v be_v equal_a these_o and_o a_o thousand_o other_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v find_v in_o number_n which_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a clearness_n than_o those_o mathematical_a axiom_n as_o to_o real_a existence_n since_o that_o have_v no_o connexion_n with_o any_o other_o of_o our_o idea_n but_o that_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o a_o first_o be_v we_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o demonstrative_a much_o less_o a_o self-evident_a knowledge_n concern_v the_o real_a existence_n of_o other_o being_n in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o influence_n these_o maxim_n have_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n the_o rule_v establish_v in_o the_o school_n that_o all_o reason_n be_v exit_fw-la praecognitis_fw-la &_o praeconceptis_fw-la seem_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n in_o these_o maxim_n and_o to_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v praecognita_fw-la whereby_o i_o think_v be_v mean_v two_o thing_n first_o that_o these_o axiom_n be_v those_o truth_n that_o be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n second_o that_o upon_o they_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v first_o that_o these_o axiom_n be_v not_o the_o truth_n first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n be_v evident_a from_o experience_n for_o who_o know_v not_o that_o a_o child_n perceive_v that_o a_o stranger_n be_v not_o its_o mother_n long_o before_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o how_o many_o truth_n be_v there_o about_o number_n which_o the_o mind_n be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o and_o full_o convince_v of_o before_o it_o ever_o think_v on_o these_o general_a maxim_n of_o this_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o that_o which_o make_v the_o mind_n assent_n to_o such_o proposition_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n it_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o its_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o find_v they_o affirm_v or_o deny_v in_o word_n one_o of_o another_o and_o every_o idea_n be_v know_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o every_o two_o distinct_a idea_n not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o such_o self-evident_a truth_n must_v be_v first_o know_v which_o consist_v of_o idea_n that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o
probability_n of_o such_o proposition_n or_o truth_n which_o the_o mind_n arrive_v at_o by_o deduction_n make_v from_o such_o idea_n which_o it_o have_v get_v by_o the_o use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n viz._n by_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n faith_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v the_o assent_n to_o any_o proposition_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o proposer_n as_o come_v immediate_o from_o god_n which_o we_o call_v revelation_n concern_v which_o we_o must_v observe_v first_o that_o no_o man_n inspire_v by_o god_n can_v by_o any_o revelation_n communicate_v to_o other_o any_o new_a simple_a idea_n which_o they_o have_v not_o before_o from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n because_o word_n by_o their_o immediate_a operation_n on_o we_o can_v cause_v other_o idea_n but_o of_o their_o natural_a sound_n and_o such_o as_o custom_n have_v annex_v to_o they_o which_o to_o we_o they_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v sign_n of_o but_o can_v introduce_v any_o new_a and_o former_o unknown_a simple_a idea_n the_o same_o hold_v in_o all_o other_o sign_n which_o can_v signify_v to_o we_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o have_v never_o before_o have_v any_o idea_n at_o all_o for_o our_o simple_a idea_n we_o must_v depend_v whole_o on_o our_o natural_a faculty_n and_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n receive_v they_o from_o traditional_a revelation_n i_o say_v traditional_a in_o distinction_n to_o original_a revelation_n by_o the_o one_o i_o mean_v that_o impression_n which_o be_v make_v immediate_o by_o god_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o man_n to_o which_o we_o can_v set_v any_o bound_n and_o by_o the_o other_o those_o impression_n deliver_v over_o to_o other_o in_o word_n and_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o convey_v our_o conception_n one_o to_o another_o second_o i_o say_v that_o the_o same_o truth_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o revelation_n which_o be_v discoverable_a to_o we_o by_o reason_n but_o in_o such_o there_o be_v little_a need_n or_o use_v of_o revelation_n god_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o natural_a mean_n to_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o and_o truth_n discover_v by_o our_o natural_a faculty_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o when_o convey_v to_o we_o by_o traditional_a revelation_n for_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v that_o this_o revelation_n come_v at_o first_o from_o god_n can_v never_o be_v so_o sure_a as_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v from_o our_o own_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n thâ—s_v also_o hold_v in_o matter_n of_o fact_n knowable_a by_o our_o sense_n as_o the_o history_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v convey_v to_o we_o by_o write_n which_o have_v their_o original_a from_o revelation_n and_o yet_o no_o boâ—y_n i_o think_v will_v say_v he_o have_v as_o certain_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o the_o flood_n as_o noah_n that_o see_v it_o or_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v have_v have_v have_v he_o then_o be_v alive_a and_o see_v it_o for_o he_o have_v no_o great_a assurance_n than_o that_o of_o his_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o book_n suppose_v to_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n inspire_v but_o he_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o assurance_n that_o moses_n write_v that_o book_n as_o if_o he_o have_v see_v moses_n write_v it_o so_o that_o the_o assurance_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n be_v still_o less_o than_o our_o assurance_n of_o his_o sense_n revelation_n can_v be_v admit_v against_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o reason_n for_o since_o no_o evidence_n of_o our_o faculty_n by_o which_o we_o receive_v such_o a_o revelation_n can_v exceed_v if_o equal_a the_o certainty_n of_o our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n we_o can_v never_o receive_v for_o a_o truth_n any_o that_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n the_o idea_n of_o one_o body_n and_o one_o place_n do_v so_o clear_o agree_v that_o we_o can_v never_o assent_v to_o a_o proposition_n that_o affirm_v the_o same_o body_n to_o be_v in_o two_o distinct_a place_n at_o once_o however_o it_o shall_v pretend_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o divine_a revelation_n since_o the_o evidence_n first_o that_o we_o deceive_v not_o ourselves_o in_o ascribe_v it_o to_o god_n second_o that_o we_o understand_v it_o right_n can_v never_o be_v so_o great_a as_o the_o evidence_n of_o our_o own_o intuitive_a knowledge_n whereby_o we_o discern_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o same_o body_n to_o be_v in_o two_o place_n at_o once_o in_o proposition_n therefore_o contrary_a to_o our_o distinct_a and_o clear_a idea_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v they_o as_o matter_n of_o faith_n for_o faith_n can_v never_o convince_v we_o of_o any_o thing_n that_o contradict_v out_o knowledge_n because_o tho'_o faith_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o god_n who_o can_v lie_v yet_o we_o can_v have_v a_o assurance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n great_a than_o our_o own_o knowledge_n for_o if_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v never_o have_v a_o clear_a evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n than_o it_o have_v of_o the_o principle_n of_o its_o own_o reason_n it_o can_v never_o have_v a_o ground_n to_o quit_v the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o its_o reason_n to_o give_v place_n to_o a_o proposition_n who_o revelation_n have_v not_o a_o great_a evidence_n than_o those_o principle_n have_v in_o all_o thing_n therefore_o where_o we_o have_v clear_a evidence_n from_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n abovementioned_a reason_n be_v the_o proper_a judge_n and_o revelation_n can_v in_o such_o case_n invalidate_v its_o decree_n nor_o can_v we_o be_v oblige_v where_o we_o have_v the_o clear_a and_o evident_a sentence_n of_o reason_n to_o quit_v it_o for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n under_o a_o pretence_n that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n which_o can_v have_v no_o authority_n against_o the_o plain_a and_o clear_o dictate_v of_o reason_n but_o three_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o have_v but_o imperfect_a notion_n or_o none_o at_o all_o and_o other_o thing_n of_o who_o past_a present_a or_o future_a existence_n by_o the_o natural_a use_n of_o our_o faculty_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o these_o be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o our_o faculty_n and_o above_o reason_n when_o reveal_v become_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o faith_n thus_o that_o part_n of_o the_o angel_n rebel_v against_o god_n that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n shall_v rise_v and_o live_v again_o and_o the_o like_a be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n with_o which_o reason_n have_v direct_o nothing_o to_o do_v first_o then_o whatever_o proposition_n be_v reveal_v of_o who_o truth_n our_o mind_n by_o its_o natural_a faculty_n and_o notion_n can_v judge_v that_o be_v pure_o mater_n of_o faith_n and_o above_o reason_n second_o all_o proposition_n whereof_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o natural_a faculty_n can_v come_v to_o determine_v and_o judge_v from_o natural_a acquire_v idea_n be_v matter_n of_o reason_n but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o those_o concern_v which_o it_o have_v but_o a_o uncertain_a evidence_n and_o so_o be_v persuade_v of_o their_o truth_n only_o upon_o probable_a ground_n in_o such_o i_o say_v a_o evident_a revelation_n ought_v to_o determine_v our_o assent_n even_o against_o probability_n because_o the_o mind_n not_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o it_o do_v not_o evident_o know_v be_v bind_v to_o give_v up_o its_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o testimony_n which_o it_o be_v satisfy_v come_v from_o one_o who_o can_v err_v and_o will_v not_o deceive_v but_o yet_o it_o still_o belong_v to_o reason_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n and_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v thus_o far_o the_o dominion_n of_o faith_n reach_v and_o that_o without_o any_o violence_n to_o reason_n which_o be_v not_o injure_v or_o disturb_v but_o assist_v and_o improve_v by_o new_a discovery_n of_o truth_n come_v from_o the_o eternal_a fountain_n of_o all_o knowledge_n whatever_o god_n have_v reveal_v be_v certain_o true_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o this_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o faith_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n or_o no_o reason_n must_v judge_v which_o can_v never_o permit_v the_o mind_n to_o reject_v a_o great_a evidence_n to_o embrace_v what_o be_v less_o evident_a nor_o prefer_v less_o certainty_n to_o the_o great_a there_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n that_o any_o traditional_a revelation_n be_v of_o divine_a original_a in_o the_o word_n we_o receive_v it_o and_o the_o sense_n we_o understand_v it_o so_o clear_a and_o so_o certain_a as_o those_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o nothing_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o clear_a and_o self-evident_a dictate_v of_o reason_n have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v
examination_n until_o that_o be_v do_v there_o will_v be_v always_o these_o two_o way_n leave_v of_o evade_n the_o most_o apparent_a probability_n first_o that_o the_o argument_n be_v bring_v in_o word_n there_o may_v be_v a_o fallacy_n latent_fw-la in_o they_o and_o the_o consequence_n be_v perhaps_o many_o in_o train_n may_v be_v some_o of_o they_o incoherent_a there_o be_v few_o discourse_n so_o short_a and_o clear_a to_o which_o man_n may_v not_o with_o satisfaction_n enough_o to_o themselves_o raise_v this_o doubt_n and_o from_o who_o conviction_n they_o may_v not_o without_o reproach_n of_o disingenuity_n or_o unreasonableness_n set_v themselves_o free_a second_o manifest_a probability_n may_v be_v evade_v upon_o this_o suggestion_n that_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n and_o therefore_o tho'_o a_o man_n be_v beat_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a he_o shall_v yield_v not_o know_v what_o force_v there_o be_v in_o reserve_v behind_o four_o authority_n or_o the_o give_v up_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n either_o of_o our_o friend_n or_o party_n neighbourhood_n or_o country_n how_o many_o man_n have_v no_o other_o ground_n for_o their_o tenant_n than_o the_o suppose_a honesty_n or_o learning_n or_o number_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n as_o if_o honest_a or_o bookish_a man_n can_v not_o err_v or_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o multitude_n yet_o this_o with_o most_o man_n serve_v the_o turn_n all_o man_n be_v liable_a to_o error_n and_o most_o man_n be_v in_o many_o point_n by_o passion_n or_o interest_n under_o temptation_n to_o it_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o opinion_n so_o absurd_a which_o a_o man_n may_v not_o receive_v upon_o this_o ground_n there_o be_v no_o error_n to_o be_v name_v which_o have_v not_o have_v its_o professor_n and_o a_o man_n shall_v never_o want_v crooked_a path_n to_o walk_v in_o if_o he_o think_v that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n wherever_o he_o have_v the_o footstep_n of_o other_o to_o follow_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a noise_n be_v make_v in_o the_o world_n about_o error_n and_o opinion_n i_o must_v do_v mankind_n that_o right_o as_o to_o say_v there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o man_n in_o error_n and_o wrong_a opinion_n as_o be_v common_o suppose_v not_o that_o i_o think_v they_o embrace_v the_o truth_n but_o indeed_o because_o concern_v those_o doctrine_n they_o keep_v such_o a_o stir_v about_o they_o have_v no_o thought_n no_o opinion_n at_o all_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v a_o little_a catechise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o partisan_n of_o most_o of_o the_o sect_n in_o the_o world_n he_o will_v not_o find_v concern_v those_o matter_n they_o be_v so_o zealous_a for_o that_o they_o have_v any_o opinion_n of_o their_o own_o much_o less_o will_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o take_v they_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o argument_n and_o appearance_n of_o probability_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o stick_v to_o a_o party_n that_o education_n or_o interest_n have_v engage_v they_o in_o and_o there_o like_o the_o common_a soldier_n of_o a_o army_n show_v their_o courage_n and_o warmth_n as_o their_o leader_n direct_v without_o ever_o examine_v or_o so_o much_o as_o know_v the_o cause_n they_o contend_v for_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o science_n all_z that_o can_v fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o humane_a understanding_n be_v either_o first_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n their_o relation_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o operation_n or_o second_o that_o which_o man_n himself_o ought_v to_o do_v as_o a_o rational_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o any_o end_n especial_o happiness_n or_o three_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n of_o both_o of_o these_o be_v attain_v and_o communicate_v i_o think_v science_n may_v be_v proper_o divide_v into_o these_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n their_o constitution_n property_n and_o operation_n whether_o material_a or_o immaterial_a this_o in_o a_o little_a more_o enlarge_v sense_n of_o the_o word_n i_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a philosophy_n the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v bare_a speculative_a truth_n and_o whatsoever_o can_v afford_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n any_o such_o fall_v under_o this_o branch_n whether_o it_o be_v god_n himself_o angel_n spirit_n body_n or_o any_o of_o their_o affection_n as_o number_n figure_n etc._n etc._n second_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o skill_n of_o right_o apply_v our_o own_o power_n and_o action_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o thing_n good_a and_o useful_a the_o most_o considerable_a under_o this_o head_n be_v ethic_n which_o be_v the_o seek_v out_o those_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o humane_a action_n which_o lead_v to_o happiness_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o practice_v they_o the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v not_o bare_a speculation_n but_o right_o and_o a_o conduct_v suitable_a thereto_o three_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sign_n the_o most_o usual_a be_v word_n it_o be_v apt_o enough_o term_v logic_n the_o business_n whereof_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o sign_n which_o the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o thing_n or_o convey_v its_o knowledge_n to_o other_o thing_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o mind_n by_o idea_n and_o man_n idea_n be_v communicate_v to_o one_o another_o by_o articulate_v sound_n or_o word_n the_o consideration_n then_o of_o idea_n and_o word_n as_o the_o great_a instrument_n of_o knowledge_n make_v no_o despicable_a part_n of_o their_o contemplation_n who_o will_v take_v a_o view_n of_o humane_a knowledge_n in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o it_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o first_o and_o most_o general_a as_o well_o as_o natural_a division_n of_o the_o object_n of_o our_o understanding_n for_o a_o man_n can_v employ_v his_o thought_n about_o nothing_o but_o either_o the_o contemplation_n of_o thing_n themselves_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n or_o about_o the_o thing_n in_o his_o own_o power_n which_o be_v his_o action_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o his_o own_o end_n or_o the_o sign_n the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o the_o right_a order_n of_o they_o for_o its_o clear_a information_n all_o which_o three_o viz._n thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o knowable_a action_n as_o they_o depend_v on_o we_o in_o order_n to_o happiness_n and_o the_o right_a use_n of_o sign_n in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n be_v toto_fw-la coelo_fw-la different_a they_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o three_o great_a province_n of_o the_o intellectual_a world_n whole_o separate_v and_o distinct_a one_o from_o another_o finis_fw-la the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n the_o introduction_n page_n 1_o chap._n i._o of_o idea_n in_o general_n and_o their_o original_a 7_o chap._n ii_o of_o simple_a idea_n 13_o chap._n iii_o of_o idea_n of_o one_o sense_n 14_o chap._n iv._o of_o solidity_n 15_o chap._n 5._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o divers_a sense_n 18_o chap._n 6._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n 19_o chap._n 7._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n 19_o chap._n 8._o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v simple_a idea_n 24_o chap._n 9_o of_o perception_n 31_o chap._n 10._o of_o retention_n 34_o chap._n 11._o of_o discern_v and_o other_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n 37_o chap._n 12._o of_o complex_n idea_n 41_o chap._n 13._o of_o simple_a modes_n and_o first_o of_o the_o simple_a modes_n of_o space_n 44_o chap._n 14._o of_o duration_n and_o its_o simple_a modes_n 47_o chap._n 15._o of_o duration_n and_o expansion_n consider_v together_o 51_o chap._n 16._o of_o number_n 53_o chap._n 17._o of_o infinity_o 54_o chap._n 18._o of_o other_o simple_a modes_n 58_o chap._n 19_o of_o the_o modes_n of_o think_v 59_o chap._n 20._o the_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n 61_o chap._n 21._o of_o power_n 64_o chap._n 22._o of_o mix_a modes_n 71_o chap._n 23._o of_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n 77_o chap._n 24._o of_o collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n 83_o chap._n 25._o of_o relation_n 84_o chap._n 26._o of_o cause_n and_o effect_v and_o other_o relation_n 86_o chap._n 27._o of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n 89_o chap._n 28._o of_o other_o relation_n 97_o chap._n 29._o of_o clear_a obscure_a distinct_a and_o confuse_a idea_n 104_o chap._n 30._o of_o real_a and_o fantastical_a idea_n 108_o chap._n 31._o of_o idea_n adequate_a or_o inadequate_a 110_o chap._n 32._o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n 114_o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o book_n chap._n 1._o of_o word_n or_o language_n in_o general_n page_n 121_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n 124_o chap._n 3._o of_o general_a term_n 128_o chap._n 4_o of_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n 137_o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o relation_n 141_o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n 145_o chap._n 7._o of_o particle_n 153_o chap._n 8._o of_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a term_n 156_o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n 158_o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n 163_o chap._n 11._o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o forego_n imperfection_n and_o abuse_n 174_o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o book_n chap._n 1._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n page_n 180_o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 185_o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o extent_n of_o humane_a knowledge_n 194_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 213_o chap._n 5._o of_o truth_n in_o general_n 220_o chap._n 6._o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n 223_o chap._n 7._o of_o maxim_n 229_o chap._n 8._o of_o trifle_a proposition_n 237_o chap._n 9_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n 241_o chap._n 10._o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n 243_o chap._n 11._o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n other_o thing_n 250_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 258_o chap._n 13._o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v knowledge_n 267_o chap._n 14._o of_o judgement_n 269_o chap._n 15._o of_o probability_n 271_o chap._n 16._o of_o the_o degree_n of_o assent_n 273_o chap._n 17._o of_o reason_n 283_o chap._n 18._o of_o faith_n and_o reason_n and_o their_o distinct_a province_n 292_o chap._n 19_o of_o wrong_a assent_n or_o error_n 299_o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o science_n 308_o book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o a._n and_o j._n churchill_n at_o the_o black_a swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n a_o view_n of_o universal_a history_n from_o the_o creation_n to_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1695._o by_o francis_n talent_n sometime_o fellow_n of_o magdalen_n college_n cambridge_n the_o whole_a graven_n in_o 16_o copper-plate_n each_o 15_o inch_n deep_a and_o 12_o broad_a bind_v up_o into_o book_n the_o sheet_n line_v price_n 16_v the_o general_n hist_o of_o the_o air._n by_o r._n boyl_n esq_n 4to_fw-la a_o complete_a journal_n of_o the_o vote_n speech_n and_o debate_n both_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o commons_o throughout_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n collect_v by_o sir_n simonds_n dewes_n baronet_n and_o publish_v by_o paul_n bow_v of_o the_o middle_a temple_n esq_n the_o second_o edit_fw-la fol._n the_o work_n of_o the_o famous_a nith_n machiavelli_n citizen_n and_o secretary_n of_o florence_n write_a original_o in_o italian_a and_o from_o thence_o faithful_o translate_v into_o eng._n fol._n mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n the_o 3d_o edition_n with_o large_a addition_n fol._n his_o thought_n of_o education_n octau._n two_o treatise_n of_o government_n the_o first_o a_o answer_n to_o filmer_n patriarcha_fw-la the_o late_a a_o essay_n concern_v the_o true_a original_a extent_n and_o end_v of_o civil_a government_n octau._n the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o same_z body_n assert_v from_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o heathen_n the_o ancient_a jew_n and_o the_o primitive_a church_n with_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n bring_v against_o it_o by_o humphrey_n hody_n d._n d._n consideration_n about_o lower_v the_o interest_n and_o raise_v the_o value_n of_o money_n oct._n 3d_o par._n by_o mr._n lock_n two_o treatise_n of_o natural_a religion_n octau._n gentleman_n religion_n with_o the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o it_o sermon_n preach_v by_o dr._n r._n leighton_n late_a archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n the_o second_o edi._n oct_n the_o reasonableness_n of_o christianity_n as_o deliver_v in_o the_o scripture_n octau._n prince_n arthur_n a_o heroic_a poem_n in_o ten_o book_n by_o r._n blackmore_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n london_n fol._n
a_o abridgement_n of_o m_n r._n locke_n essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n london_n print_v for_o a._n and_o j._n churchill_n at_o the_o black_a swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n and_o edw._n castle_n next_o scotland-yard-gate_n near_o whiiehall_n 1696._o to_o the_o much_o esteem_a mr._n john_n locke_n honour_a sir_n i_o send_v you_o this_o imperfect_a draught_n of_o your_o excellent_a essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n which_o i_o must_v confess_v fall_v as_o much_o short_a of_o the_o perfection_n as_o it_o do_v of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o original_a nevertheless_o as_o i_o late_o intimate_v to_o you_o and_o you_o be_v please_v to_o think_v that_o what_o i_o propose_v in_o reference_n to_o this_o design_n will_v not_o be_v whole_o lose_v labour_n i_o be_o not_o without_o hope_n that_o it_o may_v in_o this_o contract_a form_n prove_v in_o some_o measure_n serviceable_a to_o that_o noble_a end_n which_o you_o have_v so_o successful_o aim_v at_o in_o it_o viz._n the_o advancement_n of_o real_a and_o useful_a knowledge_n the_o inducement_n which_o move_v i_o to_o think_v of_o abridge_n it_o be_v a_o consideration_n pure_o extrinsical_a to_o the_o work_n itself_o and_o in_o effect_n no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o it_o will_v be_v better_o suit_v to_o the_o ease_n and_o convenience_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o reader_n when_o reduce_v into_o this_o narrow_a compass_n in_o order_n to_o this_o i_o think_v the_o first_o book_n which_o be_v employ_v in_o refute_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o innate_a notion_n and_o idea_n may_v be_v best_o spare_v in_o this_o abridgement_n especial_o since_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v convince_v by_o what_o he_o shall_v find_v here_o that_o such_o a_o supposition_n be_v at_o least_o needless_a in_o regard_n he_o may_v attain_v to_o all_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v or_o find_v himself_o capable_a of_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o such_o innate_a idea_n beside_o this_o i_o have_v retrench_v most_o of_o the_o large_a explication_n and_o some_o useful_a hint_n and_o instructive_a theory_n i_o have_v whole_o omit_v not_o because_o they_o be_v less_o considerable_a in_o themselves_o but_o because_o they_o seem_v not_o so_o necessary_a to_o be_v insist_v on_o in_o this_o abridgement_n consider_v as_o a_o previous_a instrument_n and_o preparatory_a help_n to_o guide_n and_o conduct_v the_o mind_n in_o its_o search_n after_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n i_o do_v particular_o pass_v by_o that_o accurate_a discourse_n concern_v the_o freedom_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o will_v contain_v in_o cap._n 21._o l._n 2._o because_o i_o find_v it_o too_o long_o to_o be_v insert_v here_o at_o large_a and_o too_o weighty_a and_o momentous_a to_o be_v but_o slight_o and_o imperfect_o represent_v this_o i_o hope_v will_v prove_v no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o essay_n itself_o since_o none_o i_o presume_v will_v think_v it_o reasonable_a to_o form_v a_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n from_o this_o abridgement_n of_o it_o and_o i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o few_o reader_n will_v be_v content_a with_o this_o epitome_n who_o can_v convenient_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o the_o essay_n at_o large_a however_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o alone_a will_v serve_v to_o make_v the_o way_n to_o knowledge_n somewhat_o more_o plain_a and_o easy_a and_o afford_v such_o help_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o reason_n as_o be_v perhaps_o in_o vain_a seek_v after_o in_o those_o book_n which_o profess_v to_o teach_v the_o art_n of_o reason_v but_o nevertheless_o whether_o you_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o let_v it_o come_v abroad_o under_o the_o disadvantage_n that_o attend_v it_o in_o this_o form_n i_o must_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o i_o think_v my_o own_o pain_n abundant_o recompense_v by_o the_o agreeable_a as_o well_o as_o instructive_a entertainment_n which_o this_o near_a view_n and_o close_a inspection_n into_o your_o essay_n afford_v i_o and_o i_o be_o not_o a_o little_a please_v that_o it_o have_v give_v i_o this_o opportunity_n of_o express_v the_o just_a value_n and_o esteem_v i_o have_v for_o it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o honour_n and_o respect_n i_o have_v for_o its_o author_n i_o be_o honour_a sir_n your_o very_a humble_a and_o oblige_a servant_n john_n wynne_n oxon_n ap._n 17._o 1695._o errata_fw-la page_n 11_o line_n 2._o r._n for_o body_n l._n 4._o r._n to_o body_n l._n 13._o r._n to_o any_o p._n 12._o l._n 17._o r._n its_o stock_n p._n 23._o l._n 5._o for_o esteem_n r._n existence_n p_o 30._o l._n 17._o r._n not_o the._n p._n 32._o l._n 16._o r_o or_o jet_n p._n 33._o l._n 11._o r._n vegetable_n many_o of_o they_o p._n 34._o l._n 11._o r._n receive_v p._n 37._o l._n 4._o r._n occasion_n p._n 40._o l._n 17._o universals_z p._n 41._o l._n 3._o self_n p._n 42._o l._n 10._o r._n substance_n three_o l._n 26._o beholder_n theft_n p._n 43._o l._n 3._o substance_n p._n 44._o penult_n deal_n the._n p._n 53._o l._n 18._o r._n than_o p._n 65._o l._n 12._o r._n observe_v p._n 70._o l._n 9_o r._n by_o the_o p._n 73._o l._n 15._o r._n complex_fw-la one_o p._n 75._o l._n 14._o r._n disposition_n p._n 77._o l._n 2._o r._n idea_n of_o p._n 78._o l._n 16._o r._n ideas_n l._n 19_o r._n idea_n penult_n r._n capacity_n p._n 81._o l._n 12._o r._n one_o be_v as_o p._n 84._o l._n 2._o r._n this_o notion_n p._n 90._o l._n 2._o r._n where_o l._n 19_o deal_n they_o p._n 91._o l._n 17._o r._n unite_v l._n 20._o r._n nourishment_n p._n 92._o l._n 15._o r._n body_n animal_n be_v p._n 94._o l._n 7._o deal_n a._n p._n 96._o l._n 6._o r._n shall_v be_v p._n 110._o l._n 17._o r._n represent_v p._n 111._o l._n 22._o r._n because_o it_o agree_v l._n 23._o to_o be_v it_o p._n 113._o l._n 3._o deal_n in_o l._n 8._o r._n ideas_n p._n 132._o l._n 14._o r._n class_v p._n 223._o l._n 5._o r._n prâ—econcessis_fw-la p._n 248._o l._n 17._o r._n then_o p._n 251._o l._n 23._o deal_n be_v p._n 253._o l._n 2._o deal_n out_o p._n 256._o l._n 23._o r._n one_o on_o another_o p._n 257._o l._n 6._o r._n veritates_fw-la p._n 259._o l._n 24._o r._n a_o p._n 261._o l._n 23._o r._n very_o p._n 280._o l._n 6._o r._n capricie_n the_o introduction_n 1._o since_o it_o be_v the_o understanding_n that_o set_v man_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o sensible_a being_n and_o give_v he_o all_o the_o advantage_n and_o dominion_n which_o he_o have_v over_o they_o it_o be_v certain_o a_o subject_a even_o for_o its_o nobleness_n worth_a the_o inquire_n into_o 2._o my_o purpose_n therefore_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o original_a certainty_n and_o extent_n of_o human_a knowledge_n together_o with_o the_o ground_n and_o degree_n of_o belief_n opinion_n and_o assent_v which_o i_o shall_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a method_n 3._o first_o i_o shall_v inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o those_o idea_n or_o notion_n which_o a_o man_n observe_v and_o be_v conscious_a to_o himself_o he_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o the_o way_n whereby_o the_o understanding_n come_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o they_o second_o what_o knowledge_n the_o understanding_n have_v by_o those_o idea_n and_o the_o certainty_n evidence_n and_o extent_n of_o it_o three_o i_o shall_v make_v some_o enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o ground_n of_o faith_n and_o opinion_n 4._o if_o by_o this_o enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o understanding_n i_o can_v discover_v the_o power_n thereof_o how_o far_o they_o reach_v and_o where_o they_o fail_v we_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o prevail_v with_o the_o busy_a mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v more_o cautious_a in_o meddle_v with_o thing_n exceed_v its_o comprehension_n to_o stop_v when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o its_o tether_n and_o to_o sit_v down_o in_o a_o quiet_a ignorance_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o upon_o examination_n be_v find_v to_o be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o capacity_n we_o shall_v not_o then_o perhaps_o be_v so_o forward_o out_o of_o a_o affectation_n of_o universal_a knowledge_n to_o perplex_v ourselves_o with_o dispute_n about_o thing_n to_o which_o our_o understanding_n be_v not_o suit_v and_o of_o which_o we_o can_v frame_v in_o our_o mind_n any_o clear_a or_o distinct_a perception_n or_o whereof_o as_o it_o have_v perhaps_o too_o often_o happen_v we_o have_v not_o any_o notion_n at_o all_o but_o shall_v learn_v to_o content_v ourselves_o with_o what_o be_v attainable_a by_o we_o in_o this_o state_n 5._o for_o though_o the_o comprehension_n of_o our_o understanding_n come_v exceed_o short_a of_o the_o vast_a extent_n of_o thing_n yet_o we_o shall_v have_v cause_n enough_o to_o magnify_v the_o bountiful_a author_n of_o our_o be_v for_o that_o portion_n and_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n he_o have_v bestow_v on_o we_o so_o
far_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o our_o mansion_n man_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v well_o satisfy_v with_o what_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a for_o they_o since_o he_o have_v give_v they_o as_o st._n peter_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o information_n of_o virtue_n and_o have_v put_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o their_o discovery_n the_o comfortable_a provision_n for_o this_o life_n and_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o a_o better_a how_o short_a soever_o their_o knowledge_n may_v come_v of_o a_o universal_a or_o perfect_a comprehension_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v it_o yet_o secure_v their_o great_a concernment_n that_o they_o have_v light_n enough_o to_o lead_v they_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o maker_n and_o the_o sight_n of_o their_o own_o duty_n man_n may_v find_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o busy_v their_o head_n and_o employ_v their_o hand_n with_o variety_n delight_n and_o satisfaction_n if_o they_o will_v not_o bold_o quarrel_v with_o their_o own_o constitution_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o blessing_n their_o hand_n be_v fill_v with_o because_o they_o be_v not_o big_a enough_o to_o grasp_v every_o thing_n we_o shall_v not_o have_v much_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o our_o mind_n if_o we_o will_v but_o employ_v they_o about_o what_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o for_o of_o that_o they_o be_v very_o capable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o unpardonable_a as_o well_o as_o childish_a pelvishness_n if_o we_o undervalue_v the_o advantage_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o neglect_v to_o improve_v it_o to_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v give_v we_o because_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v set_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o it_o will_v he_o no_o excuse_v to_o a_o idle_a and_o untoward_a servant_n who_o will_v not_o attend_v his_o business_n by_o candle-light_n to_o plead_v that_o he_o have_v not_o broad_a sunshine_n the_o candle_n that_o be_v set_v up_o in_o we_o shine_v bright_a enough_o for_o all_o our_o purpose_n the_o discovery_n we_o can_v make_v with_o this_o aught_o to_o satisfy_v we_o and_o we_o shall_v theâ—_n use_v our_o understanding_n right_a when_o we_o entertain_v all_o object_n in_o that_o way_n and_o proportion_n that_o they_o be_v suit_v to_o our_o faculty_n and_o upon_o those_o ground_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v propose_v to_o we_o and_o not_o peremptory_o or_o intemperate_o require_v demonstration_n and_o demand_v certainty_n where_o probability_n only_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o govern_v all_o our_o concernment_n if_o we_o will_v disbelive_v every_o thing_n because_o we_o can_v certain_o know_v all_o thing_n we_o shall_v do_v much_o what_o as_o wiseiy_v as_o he_o who_o will_v not_o use_v his_o leg_n but_o sit_v still_o and_o perish_v because_o he_o have_v no_o wing_n to_o fly_n 6._o when_o we_o know_v our_o own_o strength_n we_o shall_v the_o better_o know_v what_o to_o undertake_v with_o hope_n of_o success_n and_o when_o we_o have_v well_o survey_v the_o power_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v incline_v either_o to_o sit_v still_o and_o not_o set_v our_o thought_n on_o work_n at_o all_o in_o despair_n of_o know_v any_o thing_n nor_o on_o the_o other_o side_n question_v every_o thing_n and_o disclaim_v all_o knowledge_n because_o some_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v our_o business_n here_o be_v not_o to_o know_v all_o thing_n but_o those_o thing_n which_o concern_v our_o conduct_n if_o we_o can_v find_v out_o those_o measure_n whereby_o a_o rational_a creature_n put_v into_o that_o state_n which_o man_n be_v in_o in_o this_o world_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o govern_v his_o opinion_n and_o action_n depend_v thereon_o we_o need_v not_o be_v trouble_v that_o some_o other_o thing_n escape_v our_o knowledge_n 7._o this_o be_v that_o which_o give_v the_o first_o rise_v to_o this_o essay_n concern_v the_o understanding_n for_o i_o think_v that_o the_o first_o step_n towards_o satisfy_v several_a inquiry_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o run_v into_o be_v to_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o our_o understanding_n examine_v our_o own_o power_n and_o see_v to_o what_o thing_n they_o be_v adapt_v till_o that_o be_v do_v i_o suspect_v we_o begin_v at_o the_o wrong_a end_n and_o in_o vain_a seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o a_o quiet_a and_o secure_a possession_n of_o truth_n that_o most_o concern_v we_o whilst_o we_o let_v loose_v our_o thought_n in_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o be_v as_o if_o all_o that_o boundless_a extent_n be_v the_o natural_a and_o undoubted_a possession_n of_o our_o understanding_n wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o exempt_a from_o its_o decision_n or_o that_o escape_v its_o comprehension_n thus_o man_n extend_v their_o inquiry_n beyond_o their_o capacity_n and_o let_v their_o thought_n wander_v into_o those_o depth_n where_o they_o can_v find_v no_o sure_a foot_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o raise_v question_n and_o multiply_v dispute_n which_o never_o come_v to_o any_o clear_a resolution_n be_v proper_a only_o to_o continue_v and_o increase_v their_o doubt_n and_o to_o confirm_v they_o at_o last_o in_o perfect_a scepticism_n whereas_o be_v the_o capacity_n of_o our_o understanding_n well_o consider_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n once_o discover_v and_o the_o horizon_n find_v which_o set_v bound_n between_o the_o enlighten_v and_o dark_a part_n of_o thing_n between_o what_o be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o comprehensible_a by_o we_o man_n will_v perhaps_o with_o less_o scruple_n acquiesce_v in_o the_o avow_v ignorance_n of_o the_o one_o and_o employ_v their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n with_o more_o advantage_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o other_o book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o idea_n in_o general_n and_o their_o original_a by_o the_o term_n idea_n i_o mean_v whatever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o understanding_n when_o a_o man_n think_v or_o whatever_o it_o be_v which_o the_o mind_n can_v be_v employ_v about_o in_o think_v i_o presume_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v i_o that_o there_o be_v such_o idea_n in_o man_n mind_n every_o one_o be_v conscious_a of_o they_o in_o himself_o and_o man_n word_n and_o action_n will_v satisfy_v he_o that_o they_o be_v in_o other_o our_o first_o inquiry_n then_o shall_v be_v how_o they_o come_v into_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v a_o establish_a opinion_n among_o some_o man_n that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n certain_a innate_a principle_n some_o primary_n notion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d character_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n which_o the_o soul_n receive_v in_o its_o very_a first_o be_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o it_o this_o opinion_n be_v accurate_o discuss_v and_o refute_v in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o this_o essay_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n that_o desire_v satisfaction_n in_o this_o particular_a it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a here_o to_o show_v how_o man_n bare_o by_o the_o use_n of_o their_o natural_a faculty_n may_v attain_v to_o all_o the_o knowledge_n they_o have_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o innate_a impression_n and_o may_v arrive_v at_o certainty_n without_o any_o such_o original_a notion_n or_o principle_n for_o i_o imagine_v any_o one_o will_v easy_o grant_v that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o suppose_v the_o idea_n of_o colour_n innate_a in_o a_o creature_n to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v sight_n and_o a_o power_n to_o receive_v they_o by_o the_o eye_n from_o external_n object_n i_o shall_v show_v by_o what_o way_n and_o degree_n all_o other_o idea_n come_v into_o the_o mind_n for_o which_o i_o shall_v appeal_v to_o every_o one_o be_v own_o experience_n and_o observation_n let_v we_o then_o suppose_v the_o mind_n to_o be_v as_o we_o say_v white_a paper_n void_a of_o all_o character_n without_o any_o idea_n how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v furnish_v whence_o have_v it_o all_o the_o material_n of_o reason_n and_o knowledge_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v in_o one_o word_n from_o experience_n and_o observation_n this_o when_o employ_v about_o external_n sensible_a object_n we_o may_v call_v sensation_n by_o this_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o bitter_a sweet_a yellow_a hard_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v common_o call_v sensible_a quality_n because_o convey_v into_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o sense_n the_o same_o experience_n when_o employ_v about_o the_o internal_a operation_n of_o the_o mind_n perceive_v and_o reflect_v on_o by_o we_o we_o may_v call_v reflection_n hence_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o perception_n think_v doubt_v will_v reason_v etc._n etc._n these_o two_o viz._n external_n material_a thing_n as_o the_o object_n of_o sensation_n and_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n as_o the_o object_n
nor_o can_v reason_n show_v how_o body_n by_o their_o bulk_n figure_n etc._n etc._n shall_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o warm_a yellow_a etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n when_o body_n operate_v upon_o one_o another_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o quality_n produce_v have_v common_o no_o resemblance_n with_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o thing_n produce_v it_o and_o therefore_o we_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o power_n but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v any_o unlikeness_n between_o the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n produce_v it_o we_o imagine_v that_o our_o idea_n be_v resemblance_n of_o something_o in_o the_o object_n and_o not_o in_o the_o effect_n of_o certain_a power_n place_v in_o the_o modification_n of_o the_o primary_n quality_n with_o which_o primary_n quality_n the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o have_v no_o resemblance_n this_o little_a exeursion_n into_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v necessary_a in_o our_o present_a enquiry_n to_o distinguish_v the_o primary_n and_o real_a quality_n of_o body_n which_o be_v always_o in_o they_o from_o those_o secundary_a and_o impute_a quality_n which_o be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o several_a combination_n of_o those_o primary_n one_o when_o they_o operate_v without_o be_v distinct_o discern_v whereby_o we_o learn_v to_o know_v what_o idea_n be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o resemblance_n of_o something_o real_o exist_v in_o the_o body_n we_o denominate_v from_o they_o chap._n ix_o of_o perception_n perception_n be_v the_o first_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o reflection_n it_o be_v by_o some_o call_v think_v in_o general_a tho'_o think_v in_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v that_o sort_n of_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o idea_n wherein_o the_o mind_n be_v active_a where_o it_o consider_v any_o thing_n with_o some_o degree_n of_o voluntary_a attention_n for_o in_o bare_a perception_n the_o mind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o passive_a and_o what_o it_o perceive_v it_o can_v avoid_v perceive_v what_o this_o be_v we_o can_v otherwise_o know_v than_o by_o reflect_v on_o what_o pass_v in_o our_o mind_n when_o we_o see_v feel_v hear_v etc._n etc._n impression_n make_v on_o the_o outward_a part_n if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o within_o cause_v no_o perception_n as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o who_o mind_n be_v intent_o busy_v in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o certain_a object_n a_o sufficient_a impulse_n there_o may_v be_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o sensation_n but_o if_o it_o reach_v not_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mind_n there_o follow_v no_o perception_n so_o that_o wherever_o there_o be_v sense_n or_o perception_n there_o some_o idea_n be_v actual_o produce_v and_o present_a in_o the_o understanding_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n be_v often_o in_o grow_v people_n alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n without_o our_o take_a notice_n of_o it_o thus_o a_o globe_n of_o any_o uniform_a colour_n as_o of_o gold_n or_o jet_n be_v set_v before_o our_o eye_n the_o idea_n thereby_o imprint_v be_v of_o a_o flat_a circle_n various_o shadow_v but_o be_v accustom_v to_o perceive_v what_o kind_n of_o appearance_n convex_v body_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v in_o we_o the_o judgement_n alter_v the_o appearance_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o from_o that_o variety_n of_o shadow_n or_o colour_n frame_v to_o itself_o the_o perception_n of_o a_o convex_a figure_n of_o one_o uniform_a colour_n this_o in_o many_o case_n by_o a_o settle_v habit_n be_v perform_v so_o ready_o that_o we_o take_v that_o for_o the_o perception_n of_o our_o sensation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o idea_n form_v by_o the_o judgement_n so_o that_o one_o serve_v only_o to_o excite_v the_o other_o and_o be_v scarce_o take_v notice_n of_o itself_o as_o a_o man_n who_o read_v and_o hear_v with_o attention_n take_v little_a notice_n of_o the_o character_n or_o sound_n but_o of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v excite_v in_o he_o by_o they_o thus_o habit_n come_v at_o last_o to_o produce_v action_n in_o we_o which_o often_o escape_v our_o observation_n the_o faculty_n of_o perception_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o which_o put_v the_o distinction_n between_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o nature_n since_o vegetable_n have_v some_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o upon_o the_o different_a application_n of_o other_o body_n to_o they_o do_v very_o brisk_o alter_v their_o figute_n and_o motion_n and_o thence_o have_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o sensitive_a plant_n which_o yet_o be_v i_o suppose_v but_o bare_a mechanism_n and_o no_o otherwise_o produce_v than_o the_o shorten_n of_o a_o rope_n by_o the_o affusion_n of_o water_n but_o perception_n i_o believe_v be_v in_o some_o degree_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n tho'_o i_o think_v we_o may_v from_o the_o make_v of_o a_o oyster_n or_o cockle_n reasonable_o conclude_v that_o it_o have_v not_o so_o many_o nor_o so_o quick_a sense_n as_o a_o man_n or_o several_a other_o animal_n perception_n be_v also_o the_o first_o step_n and_o degree_n towards_o knowledge_n and_o the_o inlet_n of_o all_o the_o material_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o few_o sense_n any_o man_n have_v and_o the_o dull_a the_o impression_n that_o be_v make_v by_o they_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a he_o be_v from_o that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o men._n chap._n x._o of_o retention_n the_o next_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o it_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n towards_o knowledge_n i_o call_v retention_n which_o be_v the_o keep_n of_o those_o idea_n it_o have_v receive_v which_o be_v do_v two_o way_n first_o by_o keep_v the_o idea_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mind_n for_o some_o time_n actuactual_o in_o view_n which_o be_v call_v contemplation_n second_o by_o revive_v those_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n which_o have_v disappear_v and_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v lay_v out_o of_o sight_n and_o this_o be_v memory_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o storehouse_n of_o our_o idea_n for_o the_o narrow_a mind_n of_o man_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v many_o idea_n under_o view_n at_o once_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v a_o repository_n to_o lay_v up_o those_o idea_n which_o at_o another_o time_n it_o may_v have_v use_n of_o but_o our_o idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o actual_a perception_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o thing_n when_o there_o be_v no_o perception_n of_o they_o this_o lay_v up_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o memory_n signify_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o power_n in_o many_o case_n to_o revive_v perception_n it_o have_v once_o have_v with_o this_o additional_a perception_n annex_v to_o they_o that_o it_o have_v have_v they_o before_o and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o we_o be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o those_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n which_o we_o can_v bring_v in_o sight_n and_o make_v the_o object_n of_o our_o thought_n without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o sensible_a quality_n which_o first_o imprint_v they_o there_o attention_n and_o repetition_n help_v much_o to_o the_o fix_v idea_n in_o our_o memory_n but_o those_o which_o make_v the_o deep_a and_o most_o last_a impression_n be_v those_o which_o be_v accompany_v with_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n idea_n but_o once_o take_v in_o and_o never_o again_o repeat_v be_v soon_o lose_v as_o those_o of_o colour_n in_o such_o as_o lose_v their_o sight_n when_o very_o young_a the_o memory_n in_o some_o man_n be_v tenacious_a even_o to_o a_o miracle_n but_o yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a decay_n of_o all_o our_o idea_n even_o of_o those_o which_o be_v strike_v deep_a and_o in_o mind_n the_o most_o retentive_a so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o sometime_o renew_v the_o print_n wear_v out_o and_o at_o last_o there_o remain_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v those_o idea_n that_o be_v often_o refresh_v by_o a_o frequent_a return_n of_o the_o object_n or_o action_n that_o produce_v they_o fix_v themselves_o best_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o remain_v long_a there_o such_o be_v the_o original_a quality_n of_o body_n viz._n solidity_n extension_n figure_n motion_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o that_o almost_o constant_o affect_v we_o as_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o those_o that_o be_v the_o affection_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o being_n as_o existence_n duration_n number_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v seldom_o quite_o lose_v while_o the_o mind_n retain_v any_o idea_n at_o all_o in_o memory_n the_o mind_n be_v oftentimes_o more_o than_o bare_o passive_a for_o it_o often_o set_v itself_o on_o work_n to_o search_v some_o hide_a idea_n sometime_o they_o start_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n
other_o passive_a power_n of_o passive_a power_n all_o sensible_a thing_n abundant_o furnish_v we_o with_o idea_n who_o sensible_a quality_n and_o being_n we_o find_v to_o be_v in_o a_o continual_a flux_n and_o therefore_o with_o reason_n we_o look_v on_o they_o as_o liable_a still_o to_o the_o same_o change_n nor_o have_v we_o of_o active_a power_n few_o instance_n since_o whatever_o change_n be_v observe_v the_o mind_n must_v collect_v a_o power_n somewhere_o able_a to_o make_v that_o change_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v it_o attentive_o body_n by_o our_o sense_n do_v not_o afford_v we_o so_o clear_a and_o distinct_a a_o idea_n of_o active_a power_n as_o we_o have_v from_o reflection_n on_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n for_o all_o power_n relate_v to_o action_n and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o action_n viz._n think_v and_o motion_n let_v we_o consider_v whence_o we_o have_v the_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o power_n which_o produce_v these_o action_n of_o think_v body_n afford_v we_o no_o idea_n at_o all_o it_o be_v only_o from_o reflection_n that_o we_o have_v that_o neither_o have_v we_o from_o body_n any_o idea_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o motion_n a_o body_n at_o rest_n afford_v we_o no_o idea_n of_o any_o active_a power_n to_o move_v and_o when_o it_o isset_fw-la in_o motion_n itself_o that_o motion_n be_v rather_o a_o passion_n than_o a_o action_n in_o it_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o motion_n we_o have_v only_o by_o reflection_n on_o what_o pass_v in_o ourselves_o where_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o bare_o by_o will_v it_o we_o can_v move_v the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v before_o at_o rest._n we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o a_o power_n to_o begin_v or_o forbear_v continue_v or_o end_v several_a action_n of_o our_o mind_n and_o motion_n of_o our_o body_n bare_o by_o a_o thought_n or_o preference_n of_o the_o mind_n this_o power_n which_o the_o mind_n have_v thus_o to_o order_v the_o consideration_n of_o any_o idea_n or_o the_o forbear_n to_o consider_v it_o or_o to_o prefer_v the_o motion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o its_o rest_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la in_o any_o particular_a instance_n be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o will._n the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o that_o power_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v volition_n or_o willing_n the_o forbearance_n or_o performance_n of_o that_o action_n consequent_a to_o such_o order_n or_o command_v of_o the_o mind_n be_v call_v voluntary_a and_o whatsoever_o action_n be_v perform_v without_o such_o a_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v call_v involuntary_a the_o power_n of_o perception_n be_v that_o we_o call_v the_o understanding_n perception_n which_o we_o make_v the_o act_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o perception_n of_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n second_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o sign_n three_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o distinct_a idea_n these_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n viz._n of_o perceive_v and_o prefer_v be_v usual_o call_v by_o another_o name_n and_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v be_v that_o the_o understanding_n and_o will_n be_v two_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n a_o word_n proper_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v use_v so_o as_o not_o to_o breed_v any_o confusion_n in_o man_n thought_n by_o be_v suppose_v as_o i_o suspect_v it_o have_v be_v to_o stand_v for_o some_o real_a being_n in_o the_o soul_n that_o perform_v those_o action_n of_o understanding_n and_o volition_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n over_o the_o action_n of_o the_o man_n which_o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o arise_v the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n so_o far_o as_o a_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o think_v or_o not_o to_o think_v to_o move_v or_o not_o to_o move_v according_a to_o the_o preference_n or_o direction_n of_o his_o own_o mind_n so_o far_o be_v a_o man_n free_n wherever_o any_o performance_n or_o forbearance_n be_v not_o equal_o in_o a_o man_n power_n wherever_o do_v or_o not_o do_v will_v not_o equal_o follow_v upon_o the_o preference_n of_o his_o mind_n there_o he_o be_v not_o free_a tho'_o perhaps_o the_o action_n may_v be_v voluntary_a so_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n be_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o power_n in_o any_o agent_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n according_a to_o the_o determination_n or_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o either_o of_o they_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o other_o where_o either_o of_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o be_v produce_v by_o he_o according_a to_o his_o volition_n there_o he_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n that_o agent_n be_v under_o necessity_n so_o that_o liberty_n can_v be_v where_o there_o be_v no_o thought_n no_o volition_n no_o will_n but_o there_o may_v be_v thought_n there_o may_v be_v will_n there_o may_v be_v volition_n where_o there_o be_v no_o liberty_n thus_o a_o tennis-ball_n whether_o in_o motion_n by_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o racket_n or_o lie_v still_o at_o rest_n be_v not_o by_o any_o one_o take_v to_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n because_o we_o conceive_v not_o a_o tennis-ball_n to_o think_v and_o consequent_o not_o to_o have_v any_o volition_n or_o preference_n of_o motion_n to_o rest_n or_o vice_fw-la versâ_fw-la so_o a_o man_n strike_v himself_o or_o his_o friend_n by_o a_o convulsive_a motion_n of_o his_o arm_n which_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n by_o volition_n or_o the_o direction_n of_o his_o mind_n to_o stop_v or_o forbear_v no_o body_n think_v he_o have_v in_o this_o liberty_n every_o one_o pity_v he_o as_o act_n by_o necessity_n and_o constraint_n again_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v carry_v whilst_o fast_o asleep_a into_o a_o room_n where_o be_v a_o person_n he_o belong_v to_o see_v and_o be_v there_o lock_v fast_o in_o beyond_o his_o power_n to_o get_v out_o he_o awake_v and_o be_v glad_a to_o see_v himself_o in_o so_o desirable_a company_n which_o he_o stay_v willing_o in_o that_o be_v prefer_v his_o stay_n to_o go_v away_o be_v not_o this_o stay_n voluntary_a i_o think_v no_o body_n will_v doubt_v it_o and_o yet_o be_v lock_v fast_o in_o he_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o stay_v he_o have_v not_o freedom_n to_o be_v go_v so_o that_o liberty_n be_v not_o a_o idea_n belong_v to_o volition_n or_o prefer_v but_o to_o the_o person_n have_v the_o power_n of_o do_v or_o forbear_v to_o do_v according_a as_o the_o mind_n shall_v choose_v or_o direct_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thought_n of_o our_o mind_n where_o any_o one_o be_v such_o that_o we_o have_v power_n to_o take_v it_o up_o or_o lay_v it_o by_o according_a to_o the_o preference_n of_o the_o mind_n there_o we_o be_v at_o liberty_n a_o wake_a man_n be_v not_o at_o libetty_a to_o think_v or_o not_o to_o think_v no_o more_o than_o he_o be_v at_o liberty_n whether_o his_o body_n shall_v touch_v any_o other_o or_o no_o but_o whether_o he_o will_v remove_v his_o contemplation_n from_o one_o idea_n to_o another_o be_v many_o time_n in_o his_o choice_n and_o then_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o idea_n as_o much_o at_o liberty_n as_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o body_n he_o rest_v on_o he_o can_v at_o pleasure_n remove_v himself_o from_o one_o to_o another_o but_o yet_o some_o idea_n to_o the_o mind_n like_o some_o motion_n to_o the_o body_n be_v such_o as_o in_o certain_a circumstance_n it_o can_v avoid_v nor_o obtain_v their_o absence_n by_o their_o utmost_a effort_n it_o can_v use_v thus_o a_o man_n on_o the_o rack_n be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o lay_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o pain_n and_o entertain_v other_o contemplation_n wherever_o thought_n be_v whole_o want_v or_o the_o power_n to_o act_v or_o forbear_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o thought_n there_o necessity_n take_v place_n this_o in_o a_o agent_n capable_a of_o volition_n when_o the_o beginning_n or_o continuation_n of_o any_o action_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o preference_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v call_v compulsion_n when_o the_o hinder_v or_o stop_v any_o action_n be_v contrary_a to_o his_o volition_n it_o be_v call_v restraint_n agent_n that_o have_v no_o thought_n no_o volition_n at_o all_o be_v in_o every_o thing_n necessary_a agent_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v in_o a_o short_a draught_n give_v a_o view_n of_o our_o original_a idea_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v derive_v and_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v up_o and_o which_o may_v be_v all_o reduce_v to_o these_o few_o primary_n and_o original_a one_o viz._n extension_n solidity_n and_o mobility_n which_o by_o our_o sense_n we_o receive_v
relation_n may_v be_v the_o same_o in_o those_o man_n who_o have_v far_o different_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v relate_v thus_o those_o who_o have_v different_a idea_n of_o man_n may_v agree_v in_o that_o of_o a_o father_n there_o be_v no_o idea_n of_o any_o kind_n which_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n of_o consideration_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o this_o make_v no_o small_a part_n of_o man_n word_n and_o thought_n thus_o one_o single_a man_n may_v at_o once_o sustain_v the_o relation_n of_o father_n brother_n son_n husband_n friend_n subject_a general_n european_n englishman_n islander_n master_n servant_z bigger_n lesle_n etc._n etc._n to_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n he_o be_v capable_a of_o as_o many_o relation_n as_o there_o can_v be_v occasion_n of_o compare_v he_o to_o other_o thing_n in_o any_o manner_n of_o agreement_n disagreement_n or_o respect_v whatsoever_o the_o idea_n of_o relation_n be_v much_o clear_a and_o more_o distinct_a than_o of_o the_o thing_n relate_v because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o one_o simple_a idea_n be_v oftentimes_o sufficient_a to_o give_v i_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o relation_n but_o to_o the_o know_v of_o any_o substantial_a be_v a_o accurate_a collection_n of_o sundry_a idea_n be_v necessary_a chap._n xxvi_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n and_o other_o relation_n the_o idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_v we_o get_v from_o our_o observation_n of_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o thing_n while_o we_o perceive_v some_o quality_n or_o substance_n begin_v to_o exist_v and_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o existence_n from_o the_o due_a application_n and_o operation_n of_o other_o being_n that_o which_o produce_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o which_o be_v produce_v the_o effect_n thus_o fluidity_n in_o wax_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n which_o we_o observe_v to_o be_v constant_o produce_v by_o the_o application_n of_o such_o heat_n we_o distinguish_v the_o original_n of_o thing_n into_o two_o sort_n first_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v whole_o make_v new_a so_o that_o no_o part_n thereof_o do_v ever_o exist_v before_o as_o when_o a_o new_a particle_n of_o matter_n do_v begin_v to_o exist_v which_o have_v bâ—fore_o no_o be_v it_o be_v caâ—led_v creation_n second_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v up_o of_o particle_n which_o do_v all_o of_o they_o before_o exist_v but_o the_o thing_n so_o constitute_v of_o pre-existing_a particle_n which_o altogether_o make_v up_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v not_o any_o existence_n before_o as_o this_o man_n this_o egg_n this_o rose_n etc._n etc._n when_o produce_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n by_o a_o internal_a principle_n but_o set_v on_o work_n by_o some_o external_n agent_n and_o work_v by_o insensible_a way_n which_o we_o perceive_v not_o it_o be_v call_v generation_n when_o the_o cause_n be_v extrinsical_a and_o the_o effect_v introduce_v by_o a_o sensible_a separation_n or_o juxta-position_n of_o discernible_a part_n we_o call_v it_o make_v and_o such_o be_v all_o artificial_a thing_n when_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v produce_v which_o be_v not_o in_o that_o subject_a before_o we_o call_v it_o alteration_n the_o denomination_n of_o thing_n take_v from_o time_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_a relation_n thus_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n live_v sixty_o nine_o and_o reign_v forty_o five_o year_n no_o more_o be_v mean_v than_o that_o the_o duration_n of_o her_o existence_n be_v equal_a to_o sixty_o nine_o and_o of_o her_o government_n to_o forty_o five_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o be_v all_o word_n answer_v how_o long_o young_a and_o old_a and_o other_o word_n of_o time_n that_o be_v think_v to_o stand_v for_o positive_a idea_n be_v indeed_o relative_n and_o intimate_v a_o relation_n to_o a_o certain_a length_n of_o duration_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n thus_o we_o call_v a_o man_n young_a or_o old_a that_o have_v live_v little_a or_o much_o of_o that_o time_n that_o man_n usual_o attain_v to_o this_o be_v evident_a from_o our_o application_n of_o these_o name_n to_o other_o thing_n for_o a_o man_n be_v call_v young_a at_o twenty_o but_o a_o horse_n old_a etc._n etc._n the_o sun_n and_o star_n we_o call_v not_o old_a at_o all_o because_o we_o know_v not_o what_o period_n god_n have_v set_v to_o that_o sort_n of_o being_n there_o be_v other_o idea_n that_o be_v true_o relative_n which_o we_o signify_v by_o name_n that_o be_v think_v positive_a and_o absolute_a such_o as_o great_a and_o little_a strong_a and_o weak_a the_o thing_n thus_o denominate_v be_v refer_v to_o some_o standard_n with_o which_o we_o compare_v they_o thus_o we_o call_v a_o apple_n great_a that_o be_v big_a than_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o those_o we_o have_v be_v use_v to_o and_o a_o man_n weak_a that_o have_v not_o so_o much_o strength_n or_o power_n to_o move_v as_o man_n usual_o have_v or_o those_o of_o his_o own_o size_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n another_o occasion_n the_o mind_n take_v of_o compare_v be_v the_o very_o be_v of_o thing_n when_o consider_v a_o thing_n as_o exist_v at_o any_o certain_a time_n or_o place_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o itself_o as_o exist_v at_o any_o other_o time_n etc._n etc._n we_o form_v the_o idea_n of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n when_o we_o see_v any_o thing_n in_o any_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n we_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v that_o very_a thing_n and_o can_v be_v no_o other_o how_o like_o soever_o it_o may_v be_v in_o all_o other_o respect_n we_o conceive_v it_o impossible_a that_o two_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n shall_v exist_v together_o in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o exist_v any_o where_o at_o the_o same_o time_n exclude_v all_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o be_v there_o itself_o alone_o when_o therefore_o we_o demand_v whether_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o or_o no_o it_o refer_v always_o to_o something_o that_o exist_v such_o a_o time_n in_o such_o a_o place_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a at_o that_o instant_n be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o and_o no_o other_o we_o have_v idea_n of_o three_o sort_n of_o substance_n first_o god_n second_o finite_a intelligence_n three_o body_n first_o god_n be_v eternal_a unalterable_a and_o every_o where_o concern_v his_o identity_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n second_o finite_a spirit_n have_v have_v their_o determinate_a time_n and_o place_n of_o beginning_n to_o exist_v the_o relation_n to_o that_o time_n and_o place_n will_v always_o determine_v to_o each_o its_o identity_n as_o long_o as_o it_o exist_v three_o the_o same_o will_v hold_v of_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n to_o which_o no_o addition_n or_o substraction_n be_v make_v these_o three_o exclude_v not_o one_o another_o out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n yet_o each_o exclude_v those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n out_o of_o the_o same_o place_n the_o identity_n and_o diversity_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n be_v determine_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o substance_n be_v only_o the_o action_n of_o finite_a being_n as_o motion_n and_o thought_n consist_v in_o succession_n they_o they_o can_v exist_v in_o different_a time_n and_o place_n as_o permanent_a being_n for_o no_o motion_n or_o thought_n consider_v as_o at_o different_a time_n can_v be_v the_o same_o each_o part_n thereof_o have_v a_o different_a beginning_n of_o existence_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o existence_n itself_o be_v the_o principium_fw-la individuationis_fw-la which_o determin_n a_o be_v to_o a_o particular_a time_n and_o place_n incommunicable_a to_o two_o being_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n thus_o suppose_v a_o atom_n exist_v in_o a_o determine_a time_n and_o place_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o consider_v in_o any_o instant_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o and_o will_v be_v so_o as_o long_o as_o its_o exstence_n continue_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o two_o or_o more_o or_o any_o number_n of_o particle_n whilst_o they_o continue_v together_o the_o mass_n will_v be_v the_o same_o however_o jumble_v but_o if_o one_o atom_n be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o mass._n in_o vegetable_n the_o identity_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o same_o mass_n and_o be_v not_o apply_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animate_v body_n and_o mass_n of_o matter_n this_o be_v only_o the_o cohesion_n of_o particle_n any_o how_o unite_v the_o other_o such_o a_o disposition_n and_o organization_n of_o part_n as_o be_v sit_v to_o receive_v and_o distribute_v nourishment_n so_o as_o to_o continue_v and_o frame_v the_o wood_n bark_n leaves_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o oak_n for_o instance_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o
of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o each_o individual_a in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n make_v but_o only_o more_o or_o less_o comprehensive_a sign_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v enable_v to_o express_v in_o a_o few_o syllable_n great_a number_n of_o particular_a thing_n as_o they_o agree_v in_o more_o or_o less_o general_a conception_n which_o we_o have_v frame_v to_o that_o purpose_n if_o these_o abstract_a general_n idea_n be_v think_v to_o be_v complete_a it_o can_v only_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o certain_a establish_a relation_n between_o they_o and_o certain_a name_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o signify_v they_o and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o thing_n exist_v as_o make_v by_o nature_n this_o be_v adjust_v to_o the_o true_a end_n of_o speech_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o easy_a and_o short_a way_n of_o communicate_v our_o notion_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a business_n of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n and_o this_o man_n do_v without_o any_o consideration_n of_o real_a essence_n and_o substantial_a form_n which_o come_v not_o within_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o knowledge_n when_o we_o think_v of_o those_o thing_n nor_o within_o the_o signification_n of_o our_o word_n when_o we_o discourse_v with_o other_o chap._n vii_o of_o particle_n beside_o word_n which_o be_v the_o name_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n there_o be_v other_o make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v the_o connexion_n that_o the_o mind_n give_v to_o idea_n or_o proposition_n one_o with_o another_o and_o to_o intimate_v some_o particular_a action_n of_o its_o own_o at_o that_o time_n relate_v to_o those_o idea_n this_o it_o do_v several_a way_n as_o be_v be_v not_o be_v mark_n of_o the_o mind_n affirm_v or_o deny_v beside_o which_o the_o mind_n do_v in_o declare_v its_o sentiment_n to_o other_o connect_v not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o proposition_n but_o whole_a sentence_n one_o to_o another_o with_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o dependency_n to_o make_v a_o coherent_a discourse_n the_o word_n signify_v that_o connexion_n the_o mind_n give_v to_o several_a affirmation_n and_o negation_n that_o it_o unite_v in_o one_o continue_v reason_v or_o narration_n be_v call_v particle_n and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o right_a use_n of_o these_o that_o more_o particular_o consist_v the_o clearness_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o good_a style_n to_o express_v the_o dependence_n of_o his_o thought_n and_o reason_v one_o upon_o another_o a_o man_n must_v have_v word_n to_o show_v what_o connexion_n restriction_n distinction_n opposition_n emphasis_n etc._n etc._n he_o give_v to_o each_o respective_a part_n of_o his_o discourse_n these_o can_v be_v understand_v right_o without_o a_o clear_a view_n of_o the_o posture_n stand_v turn_v limitation_n exception_n and_o several_a other_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a variety_n much_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o particle_n that_o most_o language_n have_v to_o express_v they_o by_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o happen_v that_o most_o of_o these_o particle_n have_v divers_a and_o sometime_o almost_o opposite_a signification_n thus_o the_o particle_n but_o in_o english_a have_v several_a very_o different_a signification_n as_o but_o to_o say_v no_o more_o here_o it_o intimate_v a_o stop_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o the_o course_n it_o be_v go_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o i_o see_v but_o two_o planet_n here_o it_o show_v that_o the_o mind_n limit_n the_o sense_n to_o what_o be_v express_v with_o a_o negation_n of_o all_o other_o you_o pray_v but_o it_o be_v not_o that_o god_n will_v bring_v you_o to_o the_o true_a religion_n but_o that_o he_o will_v confirm_v you_o in_o your_o own_o the_o former_a of_o these_o intimate_v a_o supposition_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o something_o otherwise_o than_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o latter_a show_n that_o the_o mind_n make_v a_o direct_a opposition_n between_o that_o and_o what_o go_v before_o all_o animal_n have_v sense_n but_o a_o dog_n be_v a_o animal_n here_o it_o signify_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o latter_a proposition_n with_o the_o former_a to_o these_o divers_z other_z signification_n of_o this_o particle_n may_v be_v add_v if_o it_o be_v my_o business_n to_o examine_v it_o in_o its_o full_a latitude_n i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o sign_n the_o instance_n i_o have_v give_v in_o this_o one_o may_v give_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o their_o use_n and_o force_v in_o language_n and_o lead_v we_o into_o the_o contemplation_n of_o several_a action_n of_o our_o mind_n in_o discourse_v which_o it_o have_v find_v a_o way_n to_o intimate_v to_o other_o by_o these_o particle_n some_o whereof_o constant_o and_o other_o in_o certain_a construction_n have_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o whole_a sentence_n contain_v in_o they_o chap._n viii_o of_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a term_n the_o mind_n as_o have_v be_v show_v have_v a_o power_n to_o abstract_n its_o idea_n whereby_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v now_o each_o abstract_a idea_n be_v distinct_a so_o that_o the_o one_o can_v never_o be_v the_o other_o the_o mind_n will_v by_o its_o intuitive_a knowledge_n perceive_v their_o difference_n and_o therefore_o in_o proposition_n no_o two_o whole_a idea_n can_v ever_o be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o nor_o do_v the_o common_a use_n of_o language_n permit_v that_o any_o two_o abstract_a word_n or_o name_n of_o abstract_a idea_n shall_v be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o all_o our_o affirmation_n be_v only_o in_o concrete_a which_o be_v the_o affirm_v one_o abstract_a idea_n to_o be_v join_v to_o another_o which_o abstract_a idea_n in_o substance_n may_v be_v of_o any_o sort_n tho'_o the_o most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o power_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n these_o be_v little_a else_o but_o relation_n all_o our_o simple_a idea_n have_v abstract_a as_o well_o as_o concrete_a name_n as_o whitness_v white_a sweetness_n sweet_a etc._n etc._n the_o like_a also_o hold_v in_o our_o idea_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n as_o justice_n just_o equality_n equal_a etc._n etc._n but_o as_o to_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n we_o have_v very_o few_o abstract_a name_n at_o all_o those_o few_o that_o the_o school_n have_v forge_v as_o animalitas_fw-la humanitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o infinite_a number_n of_o name_n of_o substance_n and_o can_v never_o get_v admittance_n into_o common_a use_n or_o obtain_v the_o licence_n of_o public_a approbation_n which_o seem_v to_o intimate_v the_o confession_n of_o all_o mankind_n that_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o substance_n since_o they_o have_v not_o name_n for_o such_o idea_n it_o be_v only_o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n and_o the_o confidence_n of_o mistake_a pretender_n to_o a_o knowledge_n they_o have_v not_o which_o first_o coin_v and_o then_o introduce_v animalitas_fw-la humanitas_fw-la and_o the_o like_a which_o yet_o go_v very_o little_o far_o than_o their_o own_o school_n and_o can_v never_o get_v to_o be_v current_n among_o understanding_n men._n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n to_o examine_v the_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n of_o word_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v their_o use_n and_o end_n which_o be_v twofold_a first_o to_o record_v our_o own_o thought_n second_o to_o communicate_v our_o thought_n to_o other_o the_o first_o be_v for_o the_o help_n of_o our_o own_o memory_n whereby_o we_o do_v as_o it_o be_v talk_v to_o ourselves_o for_o this_o purpose_n any_o word_n may_v serve_v turn_n word_n be_v arbitrary_a sign_n we_o may_v use_v which_o we_o please_v for_o this_o purpose_n and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o imperfection_n in_o they_o if_o we_o constant_o use_v the_o same_o sign_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n second_o as_o to_o communication_n by_o word_n that_o too_o have_v a_o double_a use_n first_o their_o civil_a use_n which_o be_v such_o a_o communication_n of_o thought_n and_o idea_n by_o word_n as_o may_v serve_v in_o common_a conversation_n and_o commerce_n about_o the_o ordinary_a affair_n and_o convenience_n of_o civil_a life_n second_o the_o philosophical_a use_n of_o word_n by_o which_o i_o mean_v such_o a_o use_n of_o they_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o convey_v the_o precise_a notion_n of_o thing_n and_o to_o express_v certain_a truth_n in_o general_a proposition_n these_o two_o use_n be_v very_o distinct_a and_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o exactness_n will_v serve_v in_o the_o one_o than_o in_o the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o language_n in_o communication_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o be_v to_o excite_v by_o sound_n in_o the_o hearer_n the_o same_o idea_n which_o they_o stand_v for_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n the_o doubtfulness_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o their_o signification_n which_o be_v the_o imperfection_n we_o be_v
do_v it_o because_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n can_v be_v bring_v at_o once_o and_o be_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o one_o or_o two_o angle_n and_o so_o of_o this_o the_o mind_n have_v no_o immediate_a or_o intuitive_a knowledge_n in_o this_o case_n the_o mind_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o some_o other_o angle_n to_o which_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n have_v equality_n and_o find_v those_o equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o come_v to_o know_v the_o equality_n of_o these_o three_o angle_n to_o two_o right_a one_o those_o intervening_a idea_n which_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o agreement_n of_o any_o two_o other_o be_v call_v proof_n and_o where_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n plain_o and_o clear_o perceive_v it_o be_v call_v demonstration_n a_o quickness_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o find_v those_o proof_n and_o to_o apply_v they_o right_o be_v i_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v call_v sagacity_n this_o knowledge_n tho'_o it_o be_v certain_a be_v not_o so_o clear_a and_o evident_a as_o intuitive_a knowledge_n it_o require_v pain_n and_o attention_n and_o steady_a application_n of_o mind_n to_o discover_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o consider_v and_o there_o must_v be_v a_o progression_n by_o step_n and_o degree_n before_o the_o mind_n can_v in_o this_o way_n arrive_v at_o certainty_n before_o demonstration_n there_o be_v a_o doubt_n which_o in_o intuitive_a knowledge_n can_v happen_v to_o the_o mind_n that_o have_v its_o faculty_n of_o perception_n leave_v to_o a_o degree_n capable_a of_o distinct_a idea_n no_o more_o than_o it_o can_v be_v a_o doubt_n to_o the_o eye_n that_o can_v distinct_o see_v white_a and_o black_a whether_o this_o ink_n and_o paper_n be_v all_o of_o a_o colour_n now_o in_o every_o step_n that_o reason_n make_v in_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n there_o be_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n it_o seek_v with_o the_o next_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o it_o use_v as_o a_o proof_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o that_o yet_o will_v need_v a_o proof_n since_o without_o the_o perception_n of_o such_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n produce_v by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o every_o step_n in_o reason_v that_o produce_v knowledge_n have_v intuitive_a certainty_n which_o when_o the_o mind_n perceive_v there_o be_v no_o more_o require_v but_o to_o remember_v it_o to_o make_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n concern_v which_o we_o inquire_v visible_a and_o certain_a this_o intuitive_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o intermediate_n idea_n in_o each_o step_n and_o progression_n of_o the_o demonstration_n must_v also_o be_v exact_o carry_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o a_o man_n must_v be_v sure_a that_o no_o part_n be_v leave_v out_o which_o because_o in_o long_a deduction_n the_o memory_n can_v easy_o retain_v this_o knowledge_n become_v more_o imperfect_a than_o intuitive_a and_o man_n often_o embrace_v falsehood_n for_o demonstration_n it_o have_v be_v general_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o mathematics_n alone_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstrative_a certainty_n but_o to_o have_v such_o a_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o may_v be_v intuitive_o perceive_v be_v as_o i_o imagine_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o number_n extension_n and_o figure_n alone_o it_o may_v possible_o be_v the_o want_n of_o due_a method_n and_o application_n in_o we_o and_o not_o of_o sufficient_a evidence_n in_o thing_n that_o demonstration_n have_v be_v think_v to_o have_v so_o little_a to_o do_v in_o other_o part_n of_o knowledge_n for_o in_o whatever_o idea_n the_o mind_n can_v perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n immediate_o there_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o where_o it_o can_v perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n by_o a_o intuitive_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v with_o any_o intermediate_v idea_n there_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n which_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o figure_n number_n extension_n or_o their_o modes_n the_o reason_n why_o it_o have_v be_v general_o suppose_v to_o belong_v to_o they_o only_o be_v because_o in_o compare_v their_o equality_n or_o excess_n the_o modes_n of_o number_n have_v every_o the_o least_o difference_n very_o clear_a and_o perceivable_a and_o in_o extension_n tho'_o every_o the_o least_o excess_n be_v not_o so_o perceptible_a yet_o the_o mind_n have_v find_v out_o way_n to_o discover_v the_o just_a equality_n of_o two_o angel_n extension_n or_o figure_n and_o both_o that_o be_v number_n and_o figure_n can_v be_v set_v down_o by_o visible_a and_o last_a mark_n but_o in_o other_o simple_a idea_n who_o modes_n and_o difference_n be_v make_v and_o count_v by_o degree_n and_o not_o quantity_n we_o have_v not_o so_o nice_a and_o accurate_a a_o distinction_n of_o their_o difference_n as_o to_o perceive_v or_o find_v way_n to_o measure_v their_o just_a equality_n or_o the_o least_o difference_n for_o those_o other_o simple_a idea_n be_v appearance_n or_o sensation_n produce_v in_o we_o by_o the_o size_n figure_n motion_n etc._n etc._n of_o minute_n corpuseles_o single_o insensible_a their_o different_a degree_n also_o depend_v on_o the_o variation_n of_o some_o or_o all_o of_o those_o cause_n which_o since_o it_o can_v be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o particle_n of_o matter_n whereof_o each_o be_v too_o subtle_a to_o be_v perceive_v it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o have_v any_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o these_o simple_a idea_n thus_o for_o instance_n not_o know_v what_o number_n of_o particle_n nor_o what_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v fit_a to_o produce_v any_o precise_a degree_n of_o whiteness_n we_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o certain_a equality_n of_o any_o two_o degree_n of_o whiteness_n because_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a standard_n to_o measure_v they_o by_o nor_o mean_n to_o distinguish_v every_o the_o least_o difference_n the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v be_v from_o our_o sense_n which_o in_o this_o point_n fail_v we_o but_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n ideas_n clear_o distinct_a there_o idea_n of_o colour_n as_o we_o see_v in_o different_a kind_n blue_a and_o red_a for_o instance_n be_v as_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o idea_n of_o number_n and_o extension_n what_o be_v here_o say_v of_o colour_n i_o think_v hold_v true_a in_o all_o secondary_a quality_n these_o two_o then_o intuition_n and_o demonstration_n be_v the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n whatever_o come_v short_a of_o one_o of_o these_o be_v but_o faith_n or_o opinion_n not_o knowledge_n at_o least_o in_o all_o general_n truth_n there_o be_v indeed_o another_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n employ_v about_o the_o particular_a existence_n of_o finite_a being_n without_o we_o which_o go_v beyond_o probability_n but_o not_o reach_v to_o either_o of_o the_o forego_n degree_n of_o certainty_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o knowledge_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o external_n object_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n this_o be_v intuitive_a knowledge_n but_o whether_o we_o can_v thence_o certain_o infer_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o correspond_v to_o that_o idea_n be_v that_o whereof_o some_o man_n think_v there_o may_v be_v a_o question_n make_v because_o man_n may_v have_v such_o a_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n when_o no_o such_o thing_n exist_v no_o such_o object_n affect_v their_o sense_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o be_v invincible_o conscious_a to_o ourselves_o of_o a_o different_a perception_n when_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n and_o think_v on_o it_o by_o night_n when_o we_o actual_o taste_v wormwood_n or_o smell_v a_o rose_n or_o only_o think_v on_o that_o savour_n or_o odour_n so_o that_o i_o think_v we_o may_v add_v to_o the_o two_o former_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n this_o also_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o particular_a external_a object_n by_o that_o perception_n and_o consciousness_n we_o have_v of_o the_o actual_a entrance_n of_o idea_n from_o they_o and_o allow_v these_o three_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n viz._n intuitive_a demonstrative_a and_o sensitive_a but_o since_o our_o knowledge_n be_v found_v on_o and_o employ_v about_o our_o idea_n only_o will_v it_o follow_v thence_o that_o it_o must_v be_v conformable_a to_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a obscure_a and_o confuse_a there_o our_o knowledge_n will_v be_v so_o too_o i_o answer_v no_o for_o our_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n its_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n
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mind_n and_o the_o idea_n first_o in_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v evident_a be_v those_o of_o particular_a thing_n from_o whence_o by_o slow_a degree_n the_o understanding_n proceed_v to_o some_o few_o general_a one_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o familiar_a object_n of_o sense_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n with_o general_a name_n to_o they_o thus_o particular_a idea_n be_v first_o receive_v and_o distinguish_v and_o so_o knowledge_n get_v about_o they_o and_o next_o to_o they_o the_o less_o general_a or_o specific_a which_o be_v next_o to_o particular_a one_o second_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o follow_v that_o these_o magnify_a maxim_n be_v not_o the_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n as_o self-evident_a as_o they_o and_o a_o great_a many_o that_o we_o know_v before_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o principle_n from_o 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be_v or_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o as_o these_o maxim_n be_v of_o little_a use_n where_o we_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n so_o they_o be_v of_o dangerous_a use_n where_o our_o idea_n be_v confuse_v and_o where_o we_o use_v word_n that_o be_v not_o annex_v to_o clear_v and_o distinct_a idea_n but_o to_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o loose_a and_o wander_a signification_n sometime_o stand_v for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o idea_n from_o which_o follow_v mistake_n and_o error_n which_o these_o maxim_n bring_v as_o proof_n to_o establish_v proposition_n wherein_o the_o term_n stand_v for_o confuse_a and_o uncertain_a idea_n do_v by_o their_o authority_n confirm_v and_o rivet_v chap._n viii_o of_o trifle_a proposition_n there_o be_v universal_a proposition_n which_o tho'_o they_o be_v certain_o true_a yet_o add_v no_o light_n to_o our_o understanding_n bring_v no_o increase_n to_o our_o knowledge_n such_o be_v first_o all_o pure_o identical_a proposition_n these_o at_o first_o blush_n appear_v to_o contain_v no_o instruction_n in_o they_o for_o when_o we_o affirm_v the_o same_o term_n of_o itself_o it_o show_v we_o nothing_o but_o what_o we_o must_v certain_o know_v before_o whether_o such_o a_o proposition_n be_v either_o make_v by_o or_o propose_v to_o we_o second_o another_o sort_n of_o trifle_a proposition_n be_v when_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_n idea_n be_v praedicat_v of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n define_v as_o lead_n be_v a_o metal_n man_n a_o animal_n these_o carry_v no_o information_n at_o all_o to_o those_o who_o know_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o name_n lead_v and_o man_n stand_v for_o indeed_o to_o a_o man_n that_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n metal_n and_o not_o of_o the_o word_n lead_v it_o be_v a_o short_a way_n to_o explain_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n lead_v by_o say_v it_o be_v a_o metal_n than_o by_o enumerate_v the_o simple_a idea_n one_o by_o one_o which_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o metal_n alike_o trifle_v it_o be_v to_o predicate_v any_o one_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a complex_n idea_n as_o all_o gold_n be_v fusible_a for_o fusibility_n be_v one_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o the_o sound_z gold_n stand_v for_o what_o can_v it_o be_v but_o play_v with_o sound_n to_o affirm_v that_o of_o the_o name_n gold_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o its_o receive_a signification_n what_o instruction_n can_v it_o carry_v to_o tell_v one_o that_o which_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o know_v before_o for_o i_o be_o suppose_v to_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n another_o use_n to_o i_o or_o else_o he_o be_v to_o tell_v i_o the_o general_a proposition_n that_o be_v make_v about_o substance_n if_o they_o be_v certain_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o trifle_a and_o if_o they_o be_v instructive_a be_v uncertain_a and_o such_o as_o we_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o their_o real_a truth_n how_o much_o soever_o constant_a observation_n and_o analogy_n may_v assist_v our_o judgement_n in_o guess_v hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o may_v often_o meet_v with_o very_o clear_a and_o coherent_a discourse_n that_o amount_v yet_o to_o nothing_o for_o name_n of_o substantial_a being_n as_o well_o as_o other_o have_v settle_v signification_n affix_v to_o they_o may_v with_o great_a truth_n be_v join_v negative_o and_o affirmative_o in_o proposition_n as_o their_o definition_n make_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v so_o join_v and_o proposition_n consist_v of_o such_o term_n may_v with_o the_o same_o clearness_n be_v deduce_v one_o from_o
another_o as_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o most_o real_a truth_n and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n or_o reality_n of_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o thus_o he_o that_o have_v learn_v the_o follow_a word_n with_o their_o ordinary_a acceptation_n annex_v to_o they_o viz._n substance_n man_n animal_n form_n soul_n vegetative_a sensitive_a rational_a may_v make_v several_a undoubted_a proposition_n about_o the_o soul_n without_o any_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o what_o the_o soul_n real_o be_v and_o of_o this_o sort_n a_o man_n may_v find_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o proposition_n reason_v and_o conclusion_n in_o book_n of_o metaphysic_n school-divinity_n and_o some_o part_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o after_o all_o know_v as_o little_a of_o god_n spirit_n or_o body_n as_o he_o do_v before_o he_o set_v out_o three_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o trifle_a be_v to_o use_v word_n loose_o and_o uncertain_o which_o set_v we_o yet_o far_o from_o the_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n we_o hope_v to_o attain_v to_o by_o they_o or_o find_v in_o they_o that_o which_o occasion_n this_o be_v that_o man_n may_v find_v it_o convenient_a to_o shelter_v their_o ignorance_n or_o obstinacy_n under_o the_o obscurity_n or_o perplexedness_n of_o their_o term_n to_o which_o perhaps_o inadvertency_n and_o ill_a custom_n do_v in_o many_o man_n much_o contribute_v to_o conclude_v bare_o verbal_a proposition_n may_v be_v know_v by_o these_o follow_a mark_n first_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o two_o abstract_a term_n be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o sound_n for_o since_o no_o abstract_a idea_n can_v be_v the_o same_o with_o any_o other_o but_o itself_o when_o its_o abstract_a name_n be_v affirm_v of_o any_o other_o term_n it_o can_v signify_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o it_o may_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n or_o that_o these_o two_o name_n signify_v the_o same_o idea_n second_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_n idea_n which_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o be_v predicate_v of_o that_o term_n be_v only_o verbal_a and_o thus_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o more_o comprehensive_a term_n call_v genera_n be_v affirm_v of_o subordinate_a or_o less_o comprehensive_a call_v species_n or_o individual_n be_v bare_o verbal_a when_o by_o these_o two_o rule_n we_o examine_v the_o proposition_n that_o make_v up_o the_o discourse_n we_o ordnary_o meet_v with_o both_o in_o and_o out_o of_o book_n we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o than_o be_v usual_o suspect_v be_v pure_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o contain_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o the_o use_n and_o application_n of_o these_o sign_n chap._n ix_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o consider_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o abstract_a idea_n and_o thereby_o remove_v in_o our_o thought_n from_o particular_a existence_n give_v we_o no_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n at_o all_o we_o proceed_v now_o to_o inquire_v concern_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o say_v then_o that_o we_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n by_o intuition_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o god_n by_o demonstration_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n by_o sensation_n as_o for_o our_o own_o existence_n we_o perceive_v it_o so_o plain_o that_o it_o neither_o needs_o nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n i_o think_v i_o reason_n i_o feel_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n can_v any_o of_o these_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o i_o than_o my_o own_o existence_n if_o i_o doubt_v of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o very_a doubt_n make_v i_o perceive_v my_o own_o existence_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v i_o to_o doubt_v of_o that_o if_o i_o know_v i_o doubt_v i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o the_o thing_n doubt_v as_o of_o that_o thought_n which_o i_o call_v doubt_n experience_n then_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n and_o a_o internal_a infallible_a perception_n that_o we_o be_v in_o every_o act_n of_o sensation_n reason_v or_o think_v we_o be_v conscious_a to_o ourselves_o of_o our_o own_o be_v and_o in_o this_o matter_n come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o certainty_n chap_n x._o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n though_o god_n have_v give_v we_o no_o innate_a idea_n of_o himself_o yet_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o those_o faculty_n our_o mind_n be_v endow_v with_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v himself_o without_o a_o witness_n since_o we_o have_v sense_n perception_n and_o reason_n and_o can_v want_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o he_o as_o long_o as_o we_o carry_v ourselves_o about_o we_o nor_o can_v we_o just_o complain_v of_o our_o ignorance_n in_o this_o great_a point_n since_o he_o have_v so_o plentiful_o provide_v we_o with_o mean_n to_o discover_v and_o know_v he_o so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o be_v and_o the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o happiness_n but_o tho'_o this_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a truth_n that_o reason_n discover_v yet_o it_o require_v thought_n and_o attention_n and_o the_o mind_n must_v apply_v itself_o to_o a_o regular_a deduction_n of_o it_o from_o some_o part_n of_o our_o intuitiv_n knowledge_n or_o else_o we_o shall_v be_v as_o ignorant_a of_o this_o as_o of_o other_o proposition_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o capable_a of_o clear_a demonstration_n to_o show_v therefore_o that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v that_o be_v be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o how_o we_o may_v come_v by_o this_o certainty_n i_o think_v we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o ourselves_o and_o that_o undoubted_a knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o our_o own_o existence_n i_o think_v it_o be_v beyond_o question_n that_o man_n have_v a_o clear_a perception_n of_o his_o own_o be_v he_o know_v certain_o that_o he_o exist_v and_o that_o he_o be_v something_o in_o the_o next_o place_n man_n know_v by_o a_o intuitive_a certainty_n that_o bear_v nothing_o can_v no_o more_o produce_v any_o real_a be_v than_o it_o can_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n if_o therefore_o we_o know_v there_o be_v some_o real_a be_v it_o be_v a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o from_o eternity_n there_o have_v be_v something_o since_o what_o be_v not_o from_o eternity_n have_v a_o beginning_n and_o what_o have_v a_o beginning_n must_v be_v produce_v by_o something_o else_o next_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o what_o have_v its_o be_v from_o another_o must_v also_o have_v all_o that_o which_o be_v in_o and_o belong_v to_o its_o be_v from_o another_o too_o all_o the_o power_n it_o have_v must_v be_v owe_v to_o and_o receive_v from_o the_o same_o source_n this_o eternal_a source_n then_o of_o all_o be_v must_v he_o also_o the_o source_n and_o original_a of_o all_o power_n and_o so_o this_o eternal_a be_v must_v be_v also_o the_o most_o powerful_a again_o man_n find_v in_o himself_o perception_n and_o knowledge_n we_o be_v certain_a then_o that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o some_o be_v but_o some_o know_v intelligent_a be_v in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v a_o time_n then_o when_o there_o be_v no_o know_v be_v or_o else_o there_o have_v be_v a_o know_a be_v from_o eternity_n if_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o that_o eternal_a be_v have_v no_o knowledge_n i_o reply_v that_o then_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v have_v ever_o be_v any_o knowledge_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o thing_n whole_o void_a of_o knowledge_n and_o operate_a blind_o and_o without_o any_o perception_n shall_v produce_v a_o know_a be_v as_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o triangle_n shall_v make_v itself_o three_o angle_n big_a than_o two_o right_a one_o thus_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o ourselves_o and_o what_o we_o infallible_o find_v in_o our_o own_o constitution_n our_o reason_n lead_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o certain_a and_o evident_a truth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o eternal_a most_o powerful_a and_o know_v be_v which_o whether_o any_o one_o will_v call_v god_n it_o matter_n not_o the_o thing_n be_v evident_a and_o from_o this_o idea_n due_o consider_v will_v easy_o be_v deduce_v all_o those_o other_o attribute_n we_o ought_v to_o ascribe_v to_o this_o eternal_a be_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v plain_a to_o i_o we_o have_v a_o more_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n than_o of_o any_o thing_n our_o sense_n have_v not_o immediate_o discover_v to_o we_o nay_o i_o presume_v i_o may_v say_v that_o we_o more_o certain_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n than_o that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o without_o
we_o when_o i_o say_v we_o know_v i_o mean_v there_o be_v such_o a_o knowledge_n within_o our_o reach_n which_o we_o can_v miss_v if_o we_o will_v but_o apply_v our_o mind_n to_o that_o as_o we_o do_v to_o several_a other_o inquiry_n it_o be_v then_o unavoidable_a for_o all_o rational_a creature_n to_o conclude_v that_o something_o have_v exi_v from_o eternity_n let_v we_o next_o see_v what_o kind_n of_o thing_n that_o must_v be_v there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o man_n know_v or_o conceive_v first_o such_o as_o be_v pure_o material_a without_o sense_n or_o perception_n as_o the_o clipping_n of_o our_o beard_n and_o paring_n of_o our_o nail_n second_o sensible_a perceive_v being_n such_o as_o we_o find_v ourselves_o to_o be_v these_o two_o sort_n we_o shall_v hereoft_a call_v cogitative_a and_o incogitative_a being_n which_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n be_v better_o than_o material_a and_o immaterial_a if_o then_o there_o must_v be_v something_o eternal_a it_o be_v very_o obvious_a to_o reason_n that_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o cogitative_a be_v because_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o ever_o bare_a incogitative_a matter_n shall_v produce_v a_o think_v intelligent_a be_v as_o that_o nothing_o shall_v of_o itself_o produce_v matter_n let_v we_o suppose_v any_o parcel_n of_o matter_n eternal_a we_o shall_v find_v it_o in_o itself_o unable_a to_o produce_v any_o thing_n let_v we_o suppose_v its_o part_n firm_o at_o rest_n together_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o be_v in_o the_o world_n must_v it_o not_o eternal_o remain_v so_o a_o dead_a unactive_a lump_n be_v it_o possible_a to_o conceive_v it_o can_v add_v motion_n to_o itself_o or_o produce_v any_o thing_n matter_n then_o by_o its_o own_o strength_n can_v produce_v in_o itself_o so_o much_o as_o motion_n the_o motion_n it_o have_v must_v also_o be_v from_o eternity_n or_o else_o add_v to_o matter_n by_o some_o other_o be_v more_o powerful_a than_o matter_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v motion_n eternal_a too_o yet_o matter_n incogitative_a matter_n and_o motion_n can_v never_o produce_v think_v knowledge_n will_v still_o be_v as_o far_o beyond_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n and_o matter_n to_o produce_v as_o matter_n be_v beyond_o the_o power_n of_o nothing_o to_o produce_v divide_v matter_n into_o as_o minute_n part_v as_o you_o will_v vary_v the_o figure_n and_o motion_n of_o it_o as_o much_o as_o you_o please_v it_o will_v operate_v no_o otherwise_o upon_o other_o body_n of_o proportionable_a bulk_n than_o it_o do_v before_o this_o division_n the_o minute_a particle_n of_o matter_n knock_v impel_v and_o resist_v one_o another_o just_a as_o the_o great_a do_v and_o that_o be_v all_o they_o can_v do_v so_o that_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v nothing_o eternal_a matter_n can_v never_o begin_v to_o be_v if_o we_o suppose_v bare_a matter_n without_o motion_n eternal_a motion_n can_v never_o begin_v to_o be_v if_o we_o suppose_v only_o matter_n and_o motion_n eternal_a thought_n can_v never_o begin_v to_o be_v for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o matter_n either_o with_o or_o without_o motion_n can_v have_v original_o in_o and_o from_o itself_o sense_n perception_n and_o knowledge_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o sense_n perception_n and_o knowledge_n must_v be_v a_o property_n eternal_o inseparable_a from_o matter_n and_o every_o particle_n of_o it_o since_o therefore_o whatsoever_o be_v the_o first_o eternal_a be_v must_v necessary_o be_v cogitative_a and_o whatsoever_o be_v first_o of_o all_o thing_n must_v necessary_o contain_v in_o it_o and_o actual_o have_v at_o least_o all_o the_o perfection_n that_o can_v ever_o after_o exist_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o first_o eternal_a be_v can_v be_v matter_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o something_o necessary_o must_v exist_v from_o eternity_n it_o be_v also_o as_o evident_a that_o that_o something_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o cogitative_a be_v for_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o incogitative_a matter_n shall_v produce_v a_o cogitative_a be_v as_o that_o nothing_o or_o the_o negation_n of_o all_o be_v shall_v produce_v a_o positive_a be_v or_o matter_n this_o discovery_n of_o the_o necessary_a existence_n of_o a_o eternal_a mind_n do_v sufficient_o lead_v we_o into_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n for_o it_o will_v hence_o follow_v that_o all_o other_o know_v being_n that_o have_v a_o beginning_n must_v depend_v on_o he_o and_o have_v no_o other_o way_n of_o knowledge_n or_o extent_n of_o power_n than_o what_o he_o give_v they_o and_o therefore_o if_o he_o make_v those_o he_o make_v also_o the_o less_o excellent_a piece_n of_o this_o universe_n all_o inanimate_a body_n whereby_o his_o omniscience_n power_n and_o providence_n will_v be_v establish_v and_o from_o thence_o all_o his_o other_o attribute_n necessary_o follow_v chap._n xi_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o be_v we_o have_v by_o intuition_n the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n reason_n clear_o make_v know_v to_o we_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o other_o thing_n we_o can_v have_v only_o by_o sensation_n for_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o real_a existence_n with_o any_o idea_n a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o memory_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o existence_n but_o that_o of_o god_n with_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o particular_a man_n no_o particular_a man_n can_v know_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o other_o be_v but_o only_o when_o by_o actual_a operate_n upon_o he_o it_o make_v itself_o be_v perceive_v by_o he_o the_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o our_o mind_n no_o more_o prove_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o thing_n than_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n evidence_n his_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o the_o vision_n of_o a_o dream_n make_v thereby_o a_o true_a history_n it_o be_v therefore_o the_o actual_a receive_n of_o idea_n from_o without_o that_o give_v we_o notice_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n and_o make_v we_o know_v that_o something_o do_v exist_v at_o that_o time_n without_o we_o which_o cause_v that_o idea_n in_o we_o tho'_o perhaps_o we_o neither_o know_v nor_o consider_v how_o it_o do_v it_o for_o it_o take_v not_o from_o the_o certainty_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v by_o they_o that_o we_o know_v not_o the_o manner_n wherein_o they_o be_v produce_v this_o notice_n we_o have_v by_o our_o sense_n of_o the_o exi_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o tho'_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o certain_a as_o intuition_n and_o demonstration_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o knowledge_n if_o we_o persuade_v ourselves_o that_o our_o faculty_n act_v and_o inform_v we_o right_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o those_o object_n that_o affect_v they_o but_o beside_o the_o assurance_n we_o have_v from_o our_o sense_n themselves_o that_o they_o do_v not_o err_v in_o the_o information_n they_o give_v we_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o we_o have_v other_o concurrent_a reason_n as_o first_o it_o be_v plain_a those_o perception_n be_v be_v produce_v in_o we_o by_o exterior_a cause_n affect_v our_o sense_n because_o those_o that_o want_v the_o organ_n of_o any_o sense_n never_o can_v have_v the_o idea_n belong_v to_o that_o sense_n produce_v in_o their_o mind_n this_o be_v too_o evident_a to_o be_v doubt_v and_o therefore_o we_o can_v but_o be_v assure_v that_o they_o come_v in_o by_o the_o organ_n of_o that_o sense_n and_o no_o other_o way_n second_o because_o we_o find_v sometime_o that_o we_o can_v avoid_v the_o have_v those_o idea_n produce_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o when_o my_o eye_n be_v shut_v i_o can_v at_o pleasure_n recall_v to_o my_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o light_n or_o the_o sun_n which_o former_a sensation_n have_v lodge_v in_o my_o memory_n but_o if_o i_o turn_v my_o eye_n towards_o the_o sun_n i_o can_v avoid_v the_o idea_n which_o the_o light_n or_o the_o sun_n then_o produce_v in_o i_o which_o show_v a_o manifest_a difference_n between_o those_o idea_n lay_v up_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o such_o as_o force_v themselves_o upon_o we_o and_o we_o can_v avoid_v have_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o exterior_a cause_n who_o efficacy_n i_o can_v resist_v that_o produce_v those_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no._n beside_o no_o man_n but_o perceive_v the_o difference_n in_o himself_o between_o actual_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n and_o contemplate_v the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o in_o his_o memory_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o they_o be_v not_o both_o memory_n or_o fancy_n but_o that_o actual_a see_v have_v a_o cause_n without_o three_o add_v to_o this_o that_o
many_o idea_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o without_o pain_n which_o we_o afterward_o remember_v without_o the_o least_o offence_n thus_o the_o pain_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a when_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v in_o our_o mind_n give_v we_o no_o disturbance_n which_o when_o feel_v be_v very_o troublesome_a and_o we_o remember_v the_o pain_n of_o hunger_n thirst_v headache_n etc._n etc._n without_o any_o pain_n at_o all_o which_o will_v either_o never_o disturb_v we_o or_o else_o constant_o do_v it_o as_o often_o as_o we_o think_v of_o it_o be_v there_o nothing_o more_o but_o idea_n float_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o appearance_n entertain_v our_o fancy_n without_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n affect_v we_o from_o abroad_o four_o our_o sense_n in_o many_o case_n bear_v witness_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o each_o other_o report_n concern_v the_o existence_n of_o sensible_a thing_n without_o we_o he_o that_o doubt_v when_o he_o see_v a_o fire_n whether_o it_o be_v real_a may_v if_o he_o please_v feel_v it_o too_o and_o by_o the_o exquisite_a pain_n he_o will_v be_v convince_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o bare_a idea_n or_o phantom_n if_o after_o all_o this_o any_o one_o will_v be_v so_o sceptical_a as_o to_o distrust_v his_o sense_n and_o to_o question_v the_o existence_n of_o all_o thing_n or_o our_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n let_v he_o consider_v that_o the_o certainty_n of_o thing_n exist_v in_o rerum_fw-la naturâ_fw-la when_o we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o as_o great_a as_o our_o frame_n can_v attain_v to_o but_o as_o our_o condition_n needs_o for_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o suit_v to_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o be_v nor_o a_o clear_a comprehensive_a knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o we_o in_o who_o they_o be_v and_o accommodate_v to_o the_o use_n of_o life_n they_o serve_v our_o purpose_n well_o enough_o if_o they_o will_v but_o give_v give_v we_o certain_a notice_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v convenient_a or_o inconvenient_a to_o we_o for_o he_o that_o see_v a_o candle_n burn_v and_o have_v experiment_v the_o force_n of_o the_o flame_n by_o put_v his_o finger_n in_o it_o will_v little_o doubt_v that_o this_o be_v something_o exist_v without_o he_o which_o do_v he_o harm_n and_o put_v he_o to_o pain_n which_o be_v assurance_n enough_o when_o no_o man_n require_v great_a certainty_n to_o govern_v his_o action_n by_o than_o what_o be_v as_o certain_a as_o his_o action_n themselves_o so_o that_o this_o evidence_n be_v as_o great_a as_o we_o can_v desire_v be_v as_o certain_a to_o we_o as_o our_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n beyond_o which_o we_o have_v no_o concernment_n either_o of_o know_v or_o be_v in_o fine_a when_o our_o sense_n do_v actual_o convey_v into_o our_o understanding_n any_o idea_n we_o be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v something_o at_o that_o time_n real_o exist_v without_o we_o but_o this_o knowledge_n extend_v only_o as_o far_o as_o the_o present_a testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n employ_v about_o particular_a object_n that_o do_v then_o affect_v they_o and_o no_o far_o my_o see_n a_o man_n a_o minute_n since_o be_v no_o certain_a argument_n of_o his_o present_a existence_n as_o when_o our_o sense_n be_v actual_o employ_v about_o any_o object_n we_o know_v that_o it_o do_v exist_v so_o by_o our_o memory_n we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o heretofore_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n have_v exi_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o past_a existence_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o our_o sense_n have_v inform_v we_o our_o memory_n still_o retain_v the_o idea_n and_o of_o this_o we_o be_v pass_v all_o doubt_n so_o long_o as_o we_o remember_v well_o as_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o spirit_n our_o have_a idea_n of_o they_o do_v not_o make_v we_o know_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n do_v exist_v without_o we_o or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o finite_a spirit_n or_o any_o other_o spiritual_a being_n but_o the_o eternal_a god_n we_o have_v ground_n from_o revelation_n and_o several_a other_o reason_n to_o believe_v with_o assurance_n that_o there_o be_v such_o creature_n but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v they_o we_o want_v the_o mean_n of_o know_v their_o particular_a existence_n for_o we_o can_v no_o more_o know_v that_o there_o be_v finite_a spirit_n real_o exist_v by_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o such_o being_n than_o by_o the_o idea_n any_o one_o have_v of_o fairy_n or_o centaur_n he_o can_v come_v to_o know_v that_o thing_n answer_v those_o idea_n do_v real_o exist_v hence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n one_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n answerable_a to_o such_o a_o idea_n as_o that_o of_o a_o elephant_n phoenix_n motion_n or_o angel_n viz._n whether_o such_o a_o thing_n do_v any_o where_o exist_v and_o this_o knowledge_n be_v only_o of_o particular_n and_o not_o to_o be_v have_v of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o but_o only_o of_o god_n any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o our_o sense_n another_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v wherein_o be_v express_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o abstract_a idea_n and_o their_o dependence_n of_o another_o and_o these_o may_v be_v universal_a and_o certain_a so_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o my_o self_n of_o fear_n and_o obedience_n i_o can_v but_o be_v sure_a that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v and_o obey_v by_o i_o and_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v certain_a concern_v man_n in_o general_a if_o i_o have_v make_v a_o abstract_a idea_n of_o such_o a_o species_n whereof_o i_o be_o one_o particular_a but_o such_o a_o proposition_n how_o certain_a soever_o prove_v not_o to_o i_o the_o existence_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n but_o will_v be_v true_a of_o all_o such_o creature_n whenever_o they_o do_v exist_v which_o certainty_n of_o such_o general_a proposition_n depend_v on_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n discoverable_a in_o those_o abstract_a idea_n in_o the_o former_a case_n our_o knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n produce_v idea_n in_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o late_a the_o consequence_n of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o produce_v these_o general_a proposition_n many_o whereof_o be_v call_v eternae_fw-la veritatis_fw-la and_o all_o of_o they_o indeed_o be_v so_o not_o from_o be_v write_v all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n or_o that_o they_o be_v any_o of_o they_o proposition_n in_o any_o one_o mind_n till_o he_o have_v get_v the_o abstract_a idea_n join_v or_o separate_v they_o by_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n but_o wheresoever_o we_o can_v suppose_v such_o a_o creature_n as_o man_n be_v endow_v with_o such_o faculty_n and_o thereby_o furnish_v with_o such_o idea_n as_o we_o have_v we_o must_v conclude_v he_o must_v needs_o when_o he_o apply_v his_o thought_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o idea_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o certain_a proposition_n that_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n he_o will_v perceive_v in_o his_o own_o idea_n such_o proposition_n be_v once_o make_v about_o abstract_a idea_n so_o as_o to_o be_v true_a they_o will_v whenever_o they_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v again_o at_o any_o time_n past_a or_o to_o come_v by_o a_o mind_n have_v those_o idea_n always_o actual_o be_v true_a for_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v perpetual_o for_o the_o same_o idea_n and_o the_o same_o idea_n have_v immutable_o the_o same_o habitude_n one_o to_o another_o proposition_n concern_v any_o abstract_a idea_n that_o be_v once_o true_a must_v needs_o be_v eeternal_a verity_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n it_o be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n among_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o maxim_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o that_o science_n be_v each_o of_o they_o build_v upon_o certain_a proecognita_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o understanding_n be_v to_o take_v its_o rise_n and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v to_o conduct_v itself_o in_o its_o inquiry_n in_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o that_o science_n the_o beat_a road_n of_o the_o school_n have_v be_v to_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n one_o or_o more_o general_a proposition_n call_v principle_n as_o foundation_n whereon_o to_o build_v the_o knowledge_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o subject_a that_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o this_o way_n of_o proceed_v be_v i_o suppose_v the_o good_a success_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v in_o mathematics_n which_o of_o all_o other_o science_n have_v the_o great_a certainty_n clearness_n and_o evidence_n in_o they_o but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o
we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o great_a advancement_n and_o certainty_n of_o real_a knowledge_n man_n arrive_v to_o in_o these_o science_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o these_o principle_n but_o to_o the_o clear_a distinct_a and_o complete_a idea_n their_o thought_n be_v employ_v about_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o equality_n and_o excess_n so_o clear_a between_o some_o of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o by_o that_o a_o way_n to_o discover_v it_o in_o other_o and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o maxim_n for_o i_o ask_v be_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o a_o lad_n to_o know_v that_o his_o whole_a body_n be_v big_a than_o his_o little_a finger_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o axiom_n the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o the_o part_n nor_o be_v assure_v of_o it_o till_o he_o have_v learn_v that_o maxim_n let_v any_o one_o consider_v from_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o say_v which_o be_v know_v first_o and_o clear_a by_o most_o people_n the_o particular_a instance_n or_o the_o general_a rule_n and_o which_o it_o be_v that_o give_v life_n and_o birth_n to_o the_o other_o these_o general_a rule_n be_v but_o the_o compare_v our_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n which_o idea_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n and_o have_v name_n give_v they_o for_o the_o easy_a dispatch_n in_o its_o reason_n but_o knowledge_n begin_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v found_v on_o particular_n tho'_o afterward_o perhaps_o no_o notice_n be_v take_v thereof_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o mind_n to_o lay_v up_o those_o general_a notion_n and_o make_v the_o proper_a use_n of_o they_o which_o be_v to_o disburden_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o cumbersome_a load_n of_o particular_n the_o way_n to_o improve_v in_o knowledge_n be_v not_o to_o swallow_v principle_n with_o a_o implicit_a faith_n and_o without_o examination_n which_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o mislead_v man_n instead_o of_o guide_v they_o into_o truth_n but_o to_o get_v and_o fix_v in_o our_o mind_n clear_a and_o complete_a idea_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o annex_v to_o they_o proper_a and_o constant_a name_n and_o thus_o bare_o by_o consider_v our_o idea_n and_o compare_v they_o together_o observe_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n their_o habitude_n and_o relation_n we_o shall_v get_v more_o true_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o this_o one_o rule_n than_o by_o take_v up_o principle_n and_o thereby_o put_v our_o mind_n into_o the_o disposal_n of_o other_o we_o must_v therefore_o if_o we_o will_v proceed_v as_o reason_n advise_v adapt_v our_o method_n of_o enquiry_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o idea_n we_o examine_v and_o the_o truth_n we_o search_v after_o general_n and_o certain_a truth_n be_v only_o found_v in_o the_o habitude_n and_o relation_n of_o abstract_a idea_n therefore_o a_o sagacious_a methodical_a application_n of_o our_o thought_n for_o the_o find_v out_o these_o relation_n be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o discover_v all_o that_o can_v with_o truth_n and_o certainty_n be_v put_v into_o general_a proposition_n by_o what_o step_v we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o these_o be_v to_o be_v learned_a in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o mathematician_n who_o from_o every_o plain_a and_o easy_a beginning_n by_o gentle_a degree_n and_o a_o continue_a chain_n of_o reason_v proceed_v to_o the_o discovery_n and_o demonstration_n of_o truth_n that_o appear_v at_o first_o sight_n beyond_o humane_a capacity_n this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o if_o other_o idea_n that_o be_v real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n be_v pursue_v in_o the_o way_n familiar_a to_o mathematician_n they_o will_v carry_v our_o thought_n far_o and_o with_o great_a evidence_n and_o clearness_n than_o possible_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v this_o give_v i_o the_o confidence_n to_o advance_v that_o conjecture_n which_o i_o suggest_v chapter_n the_o three_o viz._n that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o mathematics_n for_o moral_a idea_n be_v real_a essence_n that_o have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n and_o agreement_n one_o with_o another_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v their_o habitude_n and_o relation_n so_o far_o we_o shall_v be_v possess_v of_o real_a and_o general_a truth_n in_o our_o knowledge_n of_o substance_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v after_o a_o quite_o different_a method_n the_o bare_a contemplation_n of_o their_o abstract_a idea_n which_o be_v but_o nominal_a essence_n will_v carry_v we_o but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n in_o the_o search_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n here_o experience_n must_v teach_v we_o what_o reason_n can_v and_o it_o be_v by_o try_v alone_o that_o we_o can_v certain_o know_v what_o other_o quality_n co-exist_a with_o those_o of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n for_o instance_n whether_o that_o yellow_a heavy_a fusible_a body_n i_o call_v gold_n be_v malleable_a or_o no_o which_o experience_n however_o it_o prove_v in_o that_o particular_a body_n we_o examine_v make_v we_o not_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v so_o in_o all_o or_o any_o other_o yellow_a heavy_a fusible_a body_n but_o that_o which_o we_o have_v try_v because_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n one_o way_n or_o the_o other_o from_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o necessity_n or_o inconsistence_n of_o malleability_n have_v no_o visible_a connexion_n with_o the_o combination_n of_o that_o colour_n weight_n and_o fusibility_n in_o any_o body_n what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v of_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o gold_n suppose_v to_o consist_v of_o a_o body_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a colour_n weight_n and_o fusibility_n will_v hold_v true_a if_o other_o quality_n be_v add_v to_o it_o our_o reason_n from_o those_o idea_n will_v carry_v we_o but_o a_o little_a way_n in_o the_o certain_a discovery_n of_o the_o other_o property_n in_o those_o mass_n of_o matter_n wherein_o all_o those_o be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o far_o as_o our_o experience_n reach_v we_o may_v have_v certain_a knowledge_n and_o no_o far_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o a_o man_n accustom_v to_o rational_a and_o regular_a experiment_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o see_v far_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n and_o their_o unknown_a property_n than_o one_o that_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o they_o but_o this_o be_v but_o judgement_n and_o opinion_n not_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n this_o make_v i_o suspect_v that_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v make_v a_o science_n from_o experiment_n and_o historical_a observation_n we_o may_v draw_v advantage_n of_o ease_n and_o health_n and_o thereby_o increase_v our_o stock_n of_o convenience_n for_o this_o life_n but_o beyond_o this_o i_o fear_v our_o talent_n reach_v not_o nor_o be_v our_o faculty_n as_o i_o guess_v able_a to_o advance_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o conclude_v that_o since_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o fit_v to_o penetrate_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o body_n but_o yet_o plain_o to_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o self_n enough_o to_o give_v we_o a_o clear_a discovery_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o great_a concernment_n it_o will_v become_v we_o as_o rational_a creature_n to_o employ_v our_o faculty_n about_o what_o they_o be_v most_o adapt_v to_o and_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o nature_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o point_v we_o out_o the_o way_n for_o it_o be_v rational_a to_o conclude_v that_o our_o proper_a employment_n lie_v in_o those_o inquiry_n and_o that_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v most_o suit_v to_o our_o natural_a capacity_n and_o carry_v in_o it_o our_o great_a interest_n that_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o our_o eternal_a state_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v i_o think_v that_o morality_n be_v the_o proper_a science_n and_o business_n of_o mankind_n in_o general_n who_o be_v both_o concern_v and_o fit_v to_o search_v out_o their_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la as_o several_a art_n conversant_a about_o the_o several_a part_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o lot_n and_o private_a talon_n of_o particular_a man_n for_o the_o common_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o their_o own_o particular_a subsistance_n in_o this_o world_n the_o way_n to_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v capable_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v these_o two_o the_o first_o be_v to_o get_v and_o settle_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v clear_a distinct_a and_o constant_a idea_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o will_v consider_v and_o know_v for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n can_v exceed_v our_o idea_n where_o they_o be_v either_o imperfect_a confuse_a or_o obscure_a we_o can_v expect_v to_o have_v certain_a perfect_a or_o clear_a knowledge_n the_o other_o be_v the_o art_n of_o find_v out_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o may_v show_v we_o the_o agreement_n or_o
repugnancy_n of_o other_o idea_n which_o can_v be_v immediate_o compare_v that_o these_o two_o and_o not_o the_o rely_v on_o maxim_n and_o draw_v consequence_n from_o some_o general_a proposition_n be_v the_o right_a method_n of_o improve_n our_o knowledge_n in_o the_o idea_n of_o other_o modes_n beside_o those_o of_o quantity_n the_o consideration_n of_o mathematical_a knowledge_n will_v easy_o inform_v we_o where_o first_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o he_o that_o have_v not_o clear_a and_o perfect_a idea_n of_o those_o angles_n or_o figure_n of_o which_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v any_o thing_n be_v utter_o thereby_o incapable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n about_o they_o suppose_v a_o man_n not_o to_o have_v a_o exact_a idea_n of_o a_o right_a angle_n scalenum_n or_o trapezium_fw-la and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o he_o will_v in_o vain_a seek_v any_o demonstration_n about_o they_o and_o far_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o influence_n of_o maxim_n or_o principle_n that_o have_v lead_v the_o master_n of_o this_o science_n into_o those_o wonderful_a discovery_n they_o have_v make_v let_v a_o man_n of_o good_a part_n know_v all_o the_o maxim_n of_o mathematics_n never_o so_o well_o and_o contemplate_v their_o extent_n and_o consequence_n as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v he_o will_v by_o their_o assistance_n i_o suppose_v scarce_o ever_o come_v to_o know_v that_o the_o square_n of_o the_o hypotenuse_n in_o a_o right_a angled_a triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o two_o other_o side_n this_o and_o other_o mathematical_a truth_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o thought_n otherwise_o apply_v the_o mind_n have_v other_o object_n other_o view_v before_o it_o far_o different_a from_o those_o maxim_n which_o man_n well_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o those_o receive_a axiom_n but_o ignorant_a of_o their_o method_n who_o first_o make_v these_o demonstration_n can_v never_o sufficient_o admire_v chap._n xiii_o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v knowledge_n our_o knowledge_n as_o in_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o this_o have_v a_o great_a conformity_n with_o our_o sight_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o whole_o necessary_a nor_o whole_o voluntary_a man_n that_o have_v sense_n can_v choose_v but_o receive_v some_o idea_n by_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v memory_n they_o can_v but_o retain_v some_o of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v any_o distinguish_a faculty_n can_v but_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o some_o of_o they_o one_o with_o another_o as_o he_o that_o have_v eye_n if_o he_o will_v open_v they_o by_o day_n can_v but_o see_v some_o object_n and_o perceive_v a_o difference_n in_o they_o yet_o he_o may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v turn_v his_o eye_n towards_o a_o object_n curious_o survey_v it_o and_o observe_v accurate_o all_o that_o be_v visible_a in_o it_o but_o what_o he_o do_v see_v he_o can_v see_v otherwise_o than_o he_o do_v it_o depend_v not_o on_o his_o will_n to_o see_v that_o black_a which_o appear_v yellow_a just_o thus_o it_o be_v with_o our_o understanding_n all_o that_o be_v voluntary_a in_o our_o knowledge_n be_v the_o employ_v or_o withhold_a any_o of_o our_o faculty_n from_o this_o or_o that_o sort_n of_o object_n and_o a_o more_o or_o less_o accurate_a survey_n of_o they_o but_o they_o be_v employ_v our_o will_n have_v no_o power_n to_o determine_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o mind_n one_o way_n or_o other_o that_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o object_n themselves_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v clear_o discover_v thus_o he_o that_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o number_n and_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v one_o two_o and_o three_o to_o six_o can_v choose_v but_o know_v that_o they_o be_v equal_a he_o also_o that_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o intelligent_a but_o weak_a and_o frail_a be_v make_v by_o and_o depend_v on_o another_o who_o be_v eternal_a omnipotent_a perfect_o wise_a and_o good_a will_v as_o certain_o know_v that_o man_n be_v to_o honour_n fear_v and_o obey_v god_n as_o that_o the_o sun_n shine_v when_o he_o see_v it_o but_o yet_o these_o truth_n be_v never_o so_o certain_a never_o so_o clear_a he_o may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o either_o or_o both_o of_o they_o who_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o employ_v his_o faculty_n as_o he_o shall_v to_o inform_v himself_o about_o they_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o judgement_n the_o understanding_n faculty_n be_v give_v to_o man_n not_o bare_o for_o speculation_n but_o also_o for_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o life_n a_o man_n will_v be_v at_o a_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o direct_v he_o but_o what_o have_v the_o certainty_n of_o true_a knowledge_n he_o that_o will_v not_o eat_v till_o he_o have_v demonstration_n that_o it_o will_v nourish_v he_o nor_o stir_v till_o he_o be_v infallible_o assure_v of_o success_n in_o his_o business_n will_v have_v little_a else_o to_o do_v but_o sit_v still_o and_o perish_v therefore_o as_o god_n have_v set_v some_o thing_n in_o broad_a daylight_n as_o he_o have_v give_v we_o some_o certain_a knowledge_n tho'_o limit_v to_o a_o few_o thing_n in_o comparison_n probable_o as_o a_o taste_n of_o what_o intellectual_a creature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o excite_v in_o we_o a_o desire_n and_o endeavour_v after_o a_o better_a state_n so_o in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o concernment_n he_o have_v afford_v we_o only_o the_o twilight_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v of_o probability_n suitable_a to_o that_o state_n of_o mediocrity_n and_o probationership_n he_o have_v be_v please_v to_o place_v we_o in_o here_o the_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v man_n to_o enlighten_v he_o next_o to_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v judgement_n whereby_o the_o mind_n take_v its_o idea_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v without_o perceive_v a_o demonstrative_a evidence_n in_o the_o proof_n the_o mind_n exercise_v this_o judgement_n sometime_o out_o of_o necessity_n where_o demonstrative_a proof_n and_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v and_o sometime_o out_o of_o laziness_n unskilfulness_n or_o haste_v even_o where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v this_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o about_o thing_n be_v call_v judgement_n when_o about_o truth_n deliver_v in_o word_n be_v most_o common_o call_v assent_n or_o dissent_n thus_o the_o mind_n have_v two_o faculty_n conversant_a about_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n first_o knowledge_n whereby_o it_o certain_o perceive_v and_o be_v undoubted_o satisfy_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o idea_n second_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o put_v idea_n together_o or_o separate_v they_o from_o one_o another_o in_o the_o mind_n when_o their_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o presume_v to_o be_v so_o and_o if_o it_o so_o unite_v or_o separate_v they_o as_o in_o reality_n thing_n be_v it_o be_v right_a judgement_n chap._n xv._n of_o probability_n probability_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o proof_n who_o connexion_n be_v not_o constant_a and_o immutable_a or_o be_v not_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o but_o be_v or_o appear_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v so_o and_o be_v enough_o to_o induce_v the_o mind_n to_o judge_v the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a rather_o than_o the_o contrary_n of_o probability_n there_o be_v degree_n from_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o certainty_n and_o demonstration_n quite_o down_o to_o improbability_n and_o unlikeliness_n even_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o impossibility_n and_o also_o degree_n of_o assent_n from_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o what_o be_v next_o it_o full_a assurance_n and_o confidence_n quite_o down_o to_o conjecture_v doubt_n distrust_v and_o disbelief_n that_o proposition_n than_o be_v probable_a for_o which_o there_o be_v argument_n or_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o pass_v or_o be_v receive_v for_o true_a the_o entertainment_n the_o mind_n give_v to_o this_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v call_v belief_n assent_n or_o opinion_n probability_n then_o be_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o knowledge_n be_v always_o conversant_a about_o a_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n but_o only_o some_o inducement_n to_o receive_v it_o for_o true_a the_o ground_n of_o it_o be_v in_o short_a these_o two_o follow_v first_o the_o conformity_n of_o any_o thing_n with_o our_o own_o knowledge_n experience_n or_o observation_n second_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o vouch_v their_o observation_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o number_n second_o the_o integrity_n three_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o witness_n four_o the_o design_n of_o the_o author_n if_o it_o be_v a_o testimony_n cite_v out_o of_o a_o book_n five_o the_o consistency_n of_o the_o part_n and_o circumstance_n
doubt_v waver_a distrust_n disbelief_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o rule_n general_o approve_v that_o any_o testimony_n the_o far_o off_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o original_a truth_n the_o less_o force_v it_o have_v and_o in_o traditional_a truth_n each_o remove_n weaken_v the_o force_n of_o the_o proof_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n quite_o contrary_a to_o this_o advance_v by_o some_o man_n who_o look_v opinion_n to_o gain_v force_n by_o grow_v old_a upon_o this_o ground_n proposition_n evident_o false_a or_o doubtful_a in_o their_o first_o beginning_n come_v by_o a_o invert_v rule_n of_o probability_n to_o pass_v for_o authentic_a truth_n and_o those_o which_o deserve_v little_a credit_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o first_o relator_n be_v think_v to_o grow_v venerable_a by_o age_n and_o be_v urge_v as_o undeniable_a but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o no_o probability_n can_v rise_v above_o its_o first_o original_a what_o have_v no_o other_o evidence_n than_o the_o single_a testimony_n of_o one_o witness_v must_v stand_v or_o fall_v by_o his_o only_a testimony_n tho'_o afterward_o cite_v by_o hundred_o of_o other_o and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o receive_v any_o strength_n thereby_o that_o it_o become_v the_o weak_a because_o passion_n interest_n inadvertency_n mistake_v of_o his_o mean_v and_o a_o thousand_o odd_a reason_n or_o caprichois_n man_n mind_n be_v act_v by_o may_v make_v one_o man_n quote_v another_o word_n or_o mean_v wrong_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o in_o one_o age_n be_v affirm_v upon_o slight_a ground_n can_v never_o after_o come_v to_o be_v more_o valid_a in_o future_a age_n by_o be_v often_o repeat_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o probability_n be_v concern_v thing_n not_o fall_v under_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o therefore_o not_o capable_a of_o testimony_n and_o such_o be_v first_o the_o existence_n nature_n and_o operation_n of_o finite_a immaterial_a being_n without_o we_o as_o spirit_n angel_n etc._n etc._n or_o the_o existence_n of_o material_a being_n such_o as_o for_o their_o smallness_n or_o remoteness_n our_o sense_n can_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o plant_n animal_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o planet_n and_o other_o mansion_n of_o the_o vast_a universe_n second_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o operation_n in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n wherein_o tho'_o we_o see_v the_o sensible_a effect_n yet_o their_o cause_n be_v unknown_a and_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v produce_v we_o see_v animal_n be_v generate_v nourish_v and_o move_v the_o loadstone_n draw_v iron_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o cause_n that_o operate_v and_o the_o manner_n they_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o can_v only_o guess_v and_o probable_o conjecture_v in_o these_o matter_n analogy_n be_v the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v and_o it_o be_v from_o that_o alone_o we_o draw_v all_o our_o ground_n of_o probability_n thus_o observe_v that_o the_o bare_a rub_n of_o two_o body_n violent_o upon_o one_o another_o produces_z heatt_z and_o very_o often_o fire_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o what_o we_o call_v heat_n and_o fire_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o imperceptible_a minute_n part_v of_o the_o burn_a matter_n this_o sort_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a conduct_n of_o rational_a experiment_n and_o the_o rise_v of_o hypothesis_n have_v also_o its_o use_n and_o influence_n and_o a_o wary_a reason_n from_o analogy_n lead_v we_o often_o into_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n and_o useful_a deduction_n which_o will_v otherwise_o lie_v conceal_v tho'_o the_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n have_v a_o mighty_a influence_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o make_v they_o give_v or_o refuse_v credit_n to_o any_o thing_n propose_v to_o their_o belief_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o case_n wherein_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o fact_n lessen_v not_o the_o assent_n to_o a_o fair_a testimony_n give_v of_o it_o for_o where_o such_o supernatural_a event_n be_v suitable_a to_o end_v aim_v at_o by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o change_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n there_o under_o such_o circumstance_n they_o may_v be_v the_o fit_a to_o procure_v belief_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o be_v beyond_o or_o contrary_a to_o ordinary_a observation_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a case_n of_o miracle_n which_o well_o attest_v do_v not_o only_o find_v credit_n themselves_o but_o give_v it_o also_o to_o other_o truth_n there_o be_v proposition_n that_o challenge_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o our_o assent_n upon_o bare_a testimony_n whether_o the_o thing_n propose_v agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n or_o no_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o testimony_n be_v of_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v and_o that_o be_v god_n himself_o this_o carry_v with_o it_o certainty_n beyond_o doubt_n evidence_n beyond_o exception_n this_o be_v call_v by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n revelation_n and_o our_o assent_n to_o it_o faith_n which_o have_v as_o much_o certainty_n in_o it_o as_o our_o knowledge_n itself_o and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v of_o our_o own_o be_v as_o we_o can_v whether_o any_o revelation_n from_o god_n be_v true_a so_o that_o faith_n be_v a_o settle_a and_o sure_a principle_n of_o assent_n and_o assurance_n and_o leave_v no_o manner_n of_o room_n for_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n only_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n and_o that_o we_o understand_v it_o right_o else_o we_o shall_v expose_v ourselves_o to_o all_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o enthusiasm_n and_o all_o the_o error_n of_o wrong_a principle_n if_o we_o have_v faith_n and_o assurance_n in_o what_o be_v not_o divine_a revelation_n chap._n xvii_o of_o reason_n the_o word_n reason_n in_o english_a have_v different_a signification_n sometime_o it_o be_v take_v for_o true_a and_o clear_a principle_n sometime_o for_o clear_a and_o fair_a deduction_n from_o those_o principle_n sometime_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o particular_o for_o the_o final_a cause_n but_o the_o consideration_n i_o shall_v have_v of_o it_o here_o be_v as_o it_o stand_v for_o a_o faculty_n whereby_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o beast_n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o much_o surpass_v they_o reason_n be_v necessary_a both_o for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o regulate_v our_o assent_n for_o it_o have_v to_o do_v both_o in_o knowledge_n and_o opinion_n and_o be_v necessary_a and_o assist_v to_o all_o our_o other_o intellectual_a faculty_n and_o indeed_o contain_v two_o of_o they_o viz._n first_o sagacity_n whereby_o it_o find_v intermediate_v idea_n second_o illation_n whereby_o it_o so_o order_n and_o dispose_v of_o they_o as_o to_o discover_v what_o connexion_n there_o be_v in_o each_o link_n of_o the_o chain_n whereby_o the_o extreme_n be_v hold_v together_o and_o thereby_o as_o it_o be_v to_o draw_v into_o view_n the_o truth_n seek_v for_o which_o be_v that_o we_o call_v illation_n or_o inference_n and_o consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n there_o be_v between_o the_o idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o deduction_n whereby_o the_o mind_n come_v to_o see_v either_o the_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n as_o in_o demonstration_n in_o which_o it_o arrive_v at_o knowledge_n or_o their_o probable_a connexion_n on_o which_o it_o give_v or_o withhold_v its_o assent_n as_o in_o opinion_n sense_n and_o intuition_n reach_v but_o a_o little_a way_n the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v upon_o deduction_n and_o intermediate_v idea_n in_o those_o case_n where_o we_o must_v take_v proposition_n for_o true_a without_o be_v certain_a of_o their_o be_v so_o we_o have_v need_v to_o find_v out_o examine_v and_o compare_v the_o ground_n of_o their_o probability_n in_o both_o case_n the_o faculty_n which_o find_v out_o the_o mean_n and_o right_o apply_v they_o to_o discover_v certainty_n in_o the_o one_o and_o probability_n in_o the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v reason_n so_o that_o in_o reason_n we_o may_v consider_v these_o four_o degree_n first_o the_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o of_o proof_n second_o the_o regular_a and_o methodical_a disposition_n of_o they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o such_o order_n as_o their_o connexion_n may_v be_v plain_o perceive_v three_o the_o perceive_v their_o connexion_n four_o the_o make_v a_o right_a conclusion_n there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v consider_v concern_v reason_n and_o that_o be_v whether_o syllogism_n as_o be_v general_o think_v be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o it_o ant_n the_o useful_a way_n of_o exercise_v this_o faculty_n the_o cause_n i_o have_v to_o doubt_v of_o