reason_n but_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o come_n to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v the_o precise_a time_n when_o they_o be_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o that_o if_o it_o be_v that_o it_o will_v prove_v they_o innate_a all_o that_o can_v with_o any_o truth_n be_v mean_v by_o this_o proposition_n that_o man_n assent_v to_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o the_o make_n of_o general_a abstract_n idea_n and_o the_o understanding_n of_o general_a name_n be_v a_o concomitant_a of_o the_o rational_a faculty_n and_o grow_v up_o with_o it_o child_n common_o get_v not_o those_o general_a idea_n nor_o learn_v the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o till_o have_v for_o a_o good_a while_n exercise_v their_o reason_n about_o familiar_a and_o more_o particular_a idea_n they_o be_v by_o their_o ordinary_a discourse_n and_o action_n with_o other_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o rational_a conversation_n if_o assent_v to_o these_o maxim_n when_o man_n come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n can_v be_v true_a in_o any_o other_o sense_n i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v show_v or_o at_o least_o how_o in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o sense_n it_o prove_v they_o innate_a §_o 15._o the_o sense_n at_o first_o let_v in_o particular_a idea_n and_o furnish_v the_o yet_o empty_a cabinet_n and_o the_o mind_n by_o degree_n grow_v familiar_a with_o some_o of_o they_o they_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o memory_n and_o name_n get_v to_o they_o afterward_o the_o mind_n proceed_v far_o abstract_n they_o and_o by_o degree_n learn_v the_o use_n of_o general_a name_n by_o this_o manner_n the_o mind_n come_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o idea_n and_o language_n the_o material_n about_o which_o to_o exercise_v its_o discursive_a faculty_n and_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n become_v daily_o more_o visible_a as_o these_o material_n that_o give_v it_o employment_n increase_n but_o though_o the_o have_v of_o general_a idea_n and_o the_o use_n of_o general_a word_n and_o reason_n usual_o grow_v together_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o this_o any_o way_n prove_v they_o innate_a the_o knowledge_n of_o some_o truth_n i_o confess_v be_v very_o early_o in_o the_o mind_n but_o in_o a_o way_n that_o show_v they_o not_o to_o be_v innate_a for_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o still_o to_o be_v about_o idea_n not_o innate_a but_o acquire_v it_o be_v about_o those_o first_o which_o be_v imprint_v by_o external_a thing_n with_o which_o infant_n have_v early_a to_o do_v and_o which_o make_v the_o most_o frequent_a impression_n on_o their_o sense_n in_o idea_n thus_o get_v the_o mind_n discover_v that_o some_o agree_v and_o other_o differ_v probable_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v any_o use_n of_o memory_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o retain_v and_o receive_v distinct_a idea_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v then_o or_o no_o this_o be_v certain_a it_o do_v so_o long_o before_o it_o have_v the_o use_n of_o word_n or_o come_v to_o that_o which_o we_o common_o call_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n for_o a_o child_n know_v as_o certain_o before_o it_o can_v speak_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o idea_n of_o sweet_a and_o bitter_a i._n e._n that_o sweet_a be_v not_o bitter_a as_o it_o know_v afterward_o when_o it_o come_v to_o speak_v that_o wormwood_n and_o sugar-plumb_n be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n §_o 16._o a_o child_n know_v not_o that_o three_o and_o four_o be_v equal_a to_o seven_o till_o he_o come_v to_o be_v able_a to_o count_v to_o seven_o and_o have_v get_v the_o name_n and_o idea_n of_o equality_n and_o then_o upon_o the_o explain_v those_o word_n he_o present_o assent_v to_o or_o rather_o perceive_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n but_o neither_o do_v he_o then_o ready_o assent_v because_o it_o be_v a_o innate_a truth_n nor_o be_v his_o assent_n want_v till_o then_o because_o he_o want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o appear_v to_o he_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v settle_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n that_o these_o name_n stand_v for_o and_o then_o he_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n and_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n that_o he_o know_v before_o that_o a_o rod_n and_o cherry_n be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n also_o that_o he_o may_v come_v to_o know_v afterward_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v as_o we_o shall_v more_o full_o show_v hereafter_o so_o that_o the_o late_a it_o be_v before_o any_o one_o come_v to_o have_v those_o general_a idea_n about_o which_o those_o maxim_n be_v or_o to_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o general_a term_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o or_o to_o put_v together_o in_o his_o mind_n the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o the_o late_a also_o will_n it_o be_v before_o he_o come_v to_o assent_v to_o those_o maxim_n who_o term_n with_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v no_o more_o innate_a than_o those_o of_o a_o cat_n or_o a_o weasel_n he_o must_v stay_v till_o time_n and_o observation_n have_v acquaint_v he_o with_o they_o and_o then_o he_o will_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o maxim_n upon_o the_o first_o occasion_n that_o shall_v make_v he_o put_v together_o those_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n and_o observe_v whether_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v according_a as_o be_v express_v in_o those_o proposition_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n know_v that_o eighteen_o and_o nineteen_o be_v equal_a to_o thirty_o seven_o by_o the_o same_o self-evidence_n that_o he_o know_v one_o and_o two_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o yet_o a_o child_n know_v that_o not_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o other_o not_o for_o want_v of_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n but_o because_o the_o idea_n the_o word_n eighteen_o nineteenâ—_n and_o thirty_o seven_o stand_n for_o be_v not_o so_o soon_o get_v as_o those_o which_o be_v signify_v by_o one_o two_o and_o three_o §_o 17._o this_o evasion_n therefore_o of_o general_a assent_n when_o man_n come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n fail_v as_o it_o do_v and_o leave_v no_o difference_n between_o those_o supposed-innate_a and_o other_o truth_n that_o be_v afterward_o acquire_v and_o learn_v man_n have_v endeavour_v to_o secure_v a_o universal_a assent_n to_o those_o they_o call_v maxim_n by_o say_v they_o be_v general_o assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o propose_v and_o the_o term_n they_o be_v propose_v in_o understand_v see_v all_o man_n even_o child_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n assent_n to_o these_o proposition_n they_o think_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v they_o innate_a for_o since_o man_n never_o fail_v after_o they_o have_v once_o understand_v the_o word_n to_o acknowledge_v they_o for_o undoubted_a truth_n they_o will_v infer_v that_o certain_o these_o proposition_n be_v first_o lodge_v in_o the_o understanding_n which_o without_o any_o teach_n the_o mind_n at_o very_a first_o proposal_n immediate_o close_v with_o and_o assent_v to_o and_o after_o that_o never_o doubt_v again_o §_o 18._o in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o demand_v whether_o ready_a assent_n give_v to_o a_o proposition_n upon_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n be_v a_o certain_a mark_n of_o a_o innate_a principle_n if_o it_o be_v not_o such_o a_o general_a assent_n be_v in_o vain_a urge_v as_o a_o proof_n of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o innate_a they_o must_v then_o allow_v all_o such_o proposition_n to_o be_v innate_a which_o be_v general_o assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o hear_v whereby_o they_o will_v find_v themselves_o plentiful_o store_v with_o innate_a principle_n for_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n viz._n of_o assent_n at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n that_o man_n will_v have_v those_o maxim_n pass_v for_o innate_a they_o must_v also_o admit_v several_a proposition_n about_o number_n to_o be_v innate_a that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o that_o two_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o four_o and_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o the_o like_a proposition_n in_o number_n that_o every_o body_n assent_v to_o at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n must_v have_v a_o place_n among_o these_o innate_a axiom_n nor_o be_v this_o the_o prerogative_n of_o number_n alone_o and_o proposition_n make_v about_o several_a of_o they_o but_o even_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o all_o the_o other_o science_n afford_v proposition_n which_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o assent_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v understand_v that_o two_o body_n can_v be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v a_o truth_n that_o no_o
of_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n within_o we_o as_o it_o be_v employ_v about_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v get_v which_o operation_n when_o the_o soul_n come_v to_o reflect_v on_o and_o consider_v do_v furnish_v the_o understanding_n with_o another_o set_v of_o idea_n which_o can_v not_o be_v have_v from_o thing_n without_o and_o such_o be_v perception_n think_v doubt_v believe_v reason_v know_v will_a and_o all_o the_o different_a act_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n which_o we_o be_v conscious_a of_o and_o observe_v in_o ourselves_o do_v from_o these_o receive_v into_o our_o understanding_n as_o distinct_a idea_n as_o we_o do_v from_o body_n affect_v our_o sense_n this_o source_n of_o idea_n every_o man_n have_v whole_o in_o himself_o and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o sense_n as_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o external_a object_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o like_o it_o and_o may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v internal_a sense_n but_o as_o i_o call_v the_o other_o sensation_n so_o i_o call_v this_o reflection_n the_o idea_n it_o afford_v be_v such_o only_a as_o the_o mind_n get_v by_o reflect_v on_o its_o own_o operation_n within_o itself_o by_o reflection_n then_o in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v that_o notice_n which_o the_o mind_n take_v of_o its_o own_o operation_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o they_o by_o reason_n whereof_o there_o come_v to_o be_v idea_n of_o these_o operation_n in_o the_o understanding_n these_o two_o i_o say_v viz._n external_n material_a thing_n as_o the_o object_n of_o sensation_n and_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n within_o as_o the_o object_n of_o reflection_n be_v to_o i_o the_o only_a original_n from_o whence_o all_o our_o idea_n take_v their_o beginning_n the_o term_n operation_n here_o i_o use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o comprehend_v not_o bare_o the_o action_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o idea_n but_o some_o sort_n of_o passion_n arise_v sometime_o from_o they_o such_o as_o be_v the_o satisfaction_n or_o uneasiness_n arise_v from_o any_o thought_n §_o 5._o the_o understanding_n seem_v to_o i_o not_o to_o have_v the_o least_o glimmer_a of_o any_o idea_n which_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o one_o of_o these_o two_o eternal_a object_n furnish_v the_o mind_n with_o the_o idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n which_o be_v all_o those_o different_a perception_n they_o produce_v in_o we_o and_o the_o mind_n furnish_v the_o understanding_n with_o idea_n of_o its_o own_o operation_n these_o when_o we_o have_v take_v a_o full_a survey_n of_o they_o and_o their_o several_a mode_n and_o the_o composition_n make_v out_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o contain_v all_o our_o whole_a stock_n of_o idea_n and_o that_o we_o have_v nothing_o in_o our_o mind_n which_o do_v not_o come_v in_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n let_v any_o one_o examine_v his_o own_o thought_n and_o thorough_o search_v into_o his_o understanding_n and_o then_o let_v he_o tell_v i_o whether_o all_o the_o original_a idea_n he_o have_v there_o be_v any_o other_o than_o of_o the_o object_n of_o his_o sense_n or_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o his_o mind_n consider_v as_o object_n of_o his_o reflection_n and_o how_o great_a a_o mass_n of_o knowledge_n soever_o he_o imagine_v to_o be_v lodge_v there_o he_o will_v upon_o take_v a_o strict_a view_n see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o any_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n but_o what_o one_o of_o those_o two_o have_v imprint_v though_o perhaps_o with_o infinite_a variety_n compound_v and_o enlarge_v by_o the_o understanding_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o §_o 6._o he_o that_o attentive_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o a_o child_n at_o his_o first_o come_v into_o the_o world_n will_v have_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v he_o store_v with_o plenty_n of_o idea_n that_o be_v to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o his_o future_a knowledge_n it_o be_v by_o degree_n he_o come_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o they_o and_o though_o the_o idea_n of_o obvious_a and_o familiar_a quality_n imprint_v themselves_o before_o the_o memory_n begin_v to_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o time_n and_o order_n yet_o it_o be_v often_o so_o late_o before_o some_o unusual_a quality_n come_v in_o the_o way_n that_o there_o be_v few_o man_n that_o can_v recollect_v the_o beginning_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n with_o they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v worth_a while_n no_o doubt_n a_o child_n may_v be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o have_v but_o a_o very_a few_o even_o of_o the_o ordinary_a idea_n till_o he_o be_v grow_v up_o to_o a_o man._n but_o be_v surround_v with_o body_n that_o perpetual_o and_o diverse_o affect_v we_o variety_n of_o idea_n whether_o care_n be_v take_v about_o it_o or_o no_o be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o child_n light_n and_o colour_n be_v busy_a and_o at_o hand_n everywhere_o when_o the_o eye_n be_v but_o open_a sounds_z and_o some_o tangible_a quality_n fail_v not_o to_o solicit_v their_o proper_a sense_n and_o force_v a_o entrance_n to_o the_o mind_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v easy_o that_o if_o a_o child_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o never_o see_v any_o other_o but_o black_a and_o white_a till_o he_o be_v a_o man_n he_o will_v have_v no_o more_o idea_n of_o scarlet_a or_o green_n than_o he_o that_o from_o his_o childhood_n never_o taste_v a_o oyster_n or_o a_o pineapple_n have_v of_o those_o particular_a relish_v §_o 7._o man_n than_o come_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o sewer_n or_o more_o simple_a idea_n from_o without_o according_a as_o the_o object_n they_o converse_v with_o afford_v great_a or_o lesser_a variety_n and_o from_o the_o operation_n of_o their_o mind_n within_o according_a as_o they_o more_o or_o less_o reflect_v on_o they_o for_o though_o he_o that_o contemplate_v the_o operation_n of_o his_o mind_n can_v but_o have_v plain_a and_o clear_a idea_n of_o they_o yet_o unless_o he_o turn_v his_o thought_n that_o way_n and_o consider_v they_o attentive_o he_o will_v no_o more_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o all_o the_o operation_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o all_o that_o may_v be_v observe_v therein_o than_o he_o will_v have_v all_o the_o particular_a idea_n of_o any_o landscape_n or_o of_o the_o part_n and_o motion_n of_o a_o clock_n who_o will_v not_o turn_v his_o eye_n to_o it_o and_o with_o attention_n heed_n all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o the_o picture_n or_o clock_n may_v be_v so_o place_v that_o they_o may_v come_v in_o his_o way_n every_o day_n but_o yet_o he_o will_v have_v but_o a_o confuse_a idea_n of_o all_o the_o part_n they_o be_v make_v up_o of_o till_o he_o apply_v himself_o with_o attention_n to_o consider_v they_o each_o in_o particular_a §_o 8._o and_o hence_o we_o see_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v pretty_a late_a before_o most_o child_n get_v idea_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o their_o own_o mind_n and_o some_o have_v not_o any_o very_a clear_a or_o perfect_a idea_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o all_o their_o life_n because_o though_o they_o pass_v there_o continual_o yet_o like_o float_a vision_n they_o make_v not_o deep_a impression_n enough_o to_o leave_v in_o the_o mind_n clear_a and_o distinct_a last_a idea_n till_o the_o understanding_n turn_v inward_o upon_o its_o self_n and_o reflect_v on_o its_o own_o operation_n and_o make_v they_o the_o object_n of_o its_o own_o contemplation_n whereas_o child_n at_o their_o first_o come_v into_o the_o world_n seek_v particular_o after_o nothing_o but_o what_o may_v ease_v their_o hunger_n or_o other_o pain_n but_o take_v all_o other_o object_n as_o they_o come_v be_v general_o please_v with_o all_o new_a one_o that_o be_v not_o painful_a and_o so_o grow_v up_o in_o a_o constant_a attention_n to_o outward_a sensation_n seldom_o make_v any_o considerable_a reflection_n on_o what_o pass_v within_o they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v of_o ripe_a year_n and_o some_o scarce_o ever_o at_o all_o §_o 9_o to_o ask_v at_o what_o time_n a_o man_n have_v first_o any_o idea_n be_v to_o ask_v when_o he_o begin_v to_o perceive_v have_v idea_n and_o perception_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o know_v it_o be_v a_o opinion_n that_o the_o soul_n always_o think_v and_o that_o it_o have_v the_o actual_a perception_n of_o idea_n in_o its_o self_n constant_o as_o long_o as_o it_o exist_v and_o that_o actual_a think_n be_v as_o inseparable_a from_o the_o soul_n as_o actual_a extension_n be_v from_o the_o body_n which_o if_o true_a to_o inquire_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o man_n idea_n be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o inquire_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o soul_n for_o by_o this_o account_n soul_n and_o ideas_n as_o body_n and_o extension_n will_v begin_v to_o exist_v both_o at_o the_o same_o
rise_n and_o foot_v here_o in_o all_o that_o great_a extent_n wherein_o the_o mind_n wander_v in_o those_o remote_a speculation_n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v elevate_v with_o it_o stir_v not_o one_o jot_n beyond_o those_o idea_n which_o sense_n or_o reflection_n have_v offer_v for_o its_o contemplation_n §_o 25._o in_o this_o part_n the_o understanding_n be_v mere_o passive_a and_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o will_v have_v these_o beginning_n and_o as_o it_o be_v material_n of_o knowledge_n be_v not_o in_o its_o own_o power_n for_o the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n do_v many_o of_o they_o obtrude_v their_o particular_a idea_n upon_o our_o mind_n whether_o we_o will_v or_o no_o and_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n will_v not_o let_v we_o be_v without_o at_o least_o some_o obscure_a notion_n of_o they_o no_o man_n can_v be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o what_o he_o do_v when_o he_o think_v these_o simple_a idea_n when_o offer_v to_o the_o mind_n the_o understanding_n can_v no_o more_o refuse_v to_o have_v nor_o alter_v when_o they_o be_v imprint_v nor_o blot_v they_o out_o and_o make_v new_a one_o in_o itself_o than_o a_o mirror_n can_v refuse_v alter_v or_o obliterate_v the_o image_n or_o idea_n which_o the_o object_n set_v before_o it_o do_v therein_o produce_v as_o the_o body_n that_o surround_v we_o do_v diverse_o affect_v our_o organ_n the_o mind_n be_v force_v to_o receive_v the_o impression_n and_o can_v avoid_v the_o perception_n of_o those_o idea_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o chap._n ii_o of_o simple_a idea_n §_o 1._o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o nature_n manner_n and_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n one_o thing_n be_v careful_o to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v and_o that_o be_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v simple_a and_o some_o complex_fw-la though_o the_o quality_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o unite_v and_o blend_v that_o there_o be_v no_o separation_n no_o distance_n between_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o idea_n they_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n enter_v by_o the_o sense_n simple_a and_o unmixed_a for_o though_o the_o sight_n and_o touch_v often_o take_v in_o from_o the_o same_o object_n at_o the_o same_o time_n different_a idea_n as_o a_o man_n see_v at_o once_o motion_n and_o colour_n the_o hand_n feel_v softness_n and_o warmth_n in_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o wax_n yet_o the_o simple_a idea_n thus_o unite_v in_o the_o same_o subject_a be_v as_o perfect_o distinct_a as_o those_o that_o come_v in_o by_o different_a sense_n the_o coldness_n and_o hardness_n which_o a_o man_n feel_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n be_v as_o distinct_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o smell_n and_o whiteness_n of_o a_o lily_n or_o as_o the_o taste_n of_o sugar_n and_o smell_v of_o a_o rose_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o to_o a_o man_n than_o the_o clear_a and_o distinct_a perception_n he_o have_v of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v each_o in_o itself_o uncompounded_a contain_v in_o it_o nothing_o but_o one_o uniform_a appearance_n or_o conception_n in_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v not_o distinguishable_a into_o different_a idea_n §_o 2._o these_o simple_a idea_n the_o material_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n be_v suggest_v and_o furnish_v to_o the_o mind_n only_o by_o those_o two_o way_n above_o mention_v viz._n sensation_n and_o reflection_n when_o the_o understanding_n be_v once_o store_v with_o these_o simple_a idea_n it_o have_v the_o power_n to_o repeat_v compare_n and_o unite_v they_o even_o to_o a_o almost_o infinite_a variety_n and_o so_o can_v make_v at_o pleasure_n new_a complex_fw-la idea_n but_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o most_o exalt_a wit_n or_o enlarge_v understanding_n by_o any_o quickness_n or_o variety_n of_o thought_n to_o invent_v or_o frame_v one_o new_a simple_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n not_o take_v in_o by_o the_o way_n before_o mention_v nor_o can_v any_o force_n of_o the_o understanding_n destroy_v those_o that_o be_v there_o the_o dominion_n of_o man_n in_o this_o little_a world_n of_o his_o own_o understanding_n be_v much_o what_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o great_a world_n of_o visible_a thing_n wherein_o his_o power_n however_o manage_v by_o art_n and_o skill_n reach_v no_o far_o than_o to_o compound_v and_o divide_v the_o material_n that_o be_v make_v to_o his_o hand_n but_o can_v do_v nothing_o towards_o the_o make_n the_o least_o particle_n of_o new_a matter_n or_o destroy_v one_o atom_n of_o what_o be_v already_o in_o be_v the_o same_o inability_n will_v every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o who_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o fashion_n in_o his_o understanding_n any_o simple_a idea_n not_o receive_v in_o by_o his_o sense_n from_o external_a object_n or_o from_o the_o operation_n of_o his_o own_o mind_n about_o they_o i_o will_v have_v any_o one_o try_v to_o fancy_n any_o taste_n which_o have_v never_o affect_v his_o palate_n or_o frame_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o scent_n he_o have_v never_o smell_v and_o when_o he_o can_v do_v this_o i_o will_v also_o conclude_v that_o a_o blind_a man_n have_v idea_n of_o colour_n and_o a_o deaf_a man_n true_a distinct_a notion_n of_o sound_n §_o 3._o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o though_o we_o can_v believe_v it_o impossible_a to_o god_n to_o make_v a_o creature_n with_o other_o organ_n and_o more_o way_n to_o convey_v into_o the_o understanding_n the_o notice_n of_o corporeal_a thing_n than_o those_o five_o as_o they_o be_v usual_o count_v which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o man_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o any_o one_o to_o imagine_v any_o other_o quality_n in_o body_n howsoever_o constitute_v whereby_o they_o can_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o beside_o sound_v taste_n smell_v visible_a and_o tangible_a quality_n and_o have_v mankind_n be_v make_v with_o but_o four_o sense_n the_o quality_n then_o which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o five_o sense_n have_v be_v as_o far_o from_o our_o notice_n imagination_n and_o conception_n as_o now_o any_o belong_v to_o a_o six_o seven_o or_o eight_o sense_n can_v possible_o be_v which_o whether_o yet_o some_o other_o creature_n in_o some_o other_o part_n of_o this_o vast_a and_o stupendous_a universe_n may_v not_o have_v will_v be_v a_o great_a presumption_n to_o deny_v he_o that_o will_v not_o set_v himself_o proud_o at_o the_o top_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o will_v consider_v the_o immensity_n of_o this_o fabric_n and_o the_o great_a variety_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o little_a and_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o it_o which_o he_o have_v to_o do_v with_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o in_o other_o mansion_n of_o it_o there_o may_v be_v other_o and_o different_a intelligent_a being_n of_o who_o faculty_n he_o have_v as_o little_a knowledge_n or_o apprehension_n as_o a_o worm_n shut_v up_o in_o one_o drawer_n of_o a_o cabinet_n have_v of_o the_o sense_n or_o understanding_n of_o a_o man_n such_o variety_n and_o excellency_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o wisdom_n and_o power_n of_o the_o maker_n i_o have_v here_o follow_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o man_n have_v but_o five_o sense_n though_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v just_o count_v more_o but_o either_o supposition_n serve_v equal_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n chap._n iii_o of_o idea_n of_o one_o sense_n §_o 1._o the_o better_a to_o conceive_v the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o for_o we_o to_o consider_v they_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o different_a way_n whereby_o they_o make_v their_o approach_n to_o our_o mind_n and_o make_v themselves_o perceivable_a by_o we_o first_o then_o there_o be_v some_o which_o come_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o one_o sense_n only_o second_o there_o be_v other_o that_o convey_v themselves_o into_o the_o mind_n by_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o three_o other_o that_o be_v have_v from_o reflection_n only_o four_o there_o be_v some_o that_o make_v themselves_o way_n and_o be_v suggest_v to_o the_o mind_n by_o all_o the_o way_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n we_o shall_v consider_v they_o apart_o under_o these_o several_a head_n first_o there_o be_v some_o idea_n which_o have_v admittance_n only_o through_o one_o sense_n which_o be_v peculiar_o adapt_v to_o receive_v they_o thus_o light_a and_o colour_n as_o white_a red_z yellow_a blue_a with_o their_o several_a degree_n or_o shade_n and_o mixture_n as_o green_a scarlet_n purple_a sea-green_a and_o the_o rest_n come_v in_o only_o by_o the_o eye_n all_o kind_n of_o noise_n sound_n and_o tone_n only_o by_o the_o ear_n the_o several_a taste_n and_o smell_v by_o the_o nose_n and_o palate_n and_o if_o these_o organ_n or_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v the_o conduit_n to_o convey_v they_o from_o without_o to_o
desire_v any_o one_o to_o assign_v any_o simple_a idea_n which_o it_o receive_v not_o from_o one_o of_o those_o inlet_n beforementioned_a or_o any_o complex_fw-la idea_n not_o make_v out_o of_o those_o simple_a one_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v so_o strange_a to_o think_v these_o few_o simple_a idea_n sufficient_a to_o employ_v the_o quick_a thought_n or_o large_a capacity_n and_o to_o furnish_v the_o material_n of_o all_o that_o various_a knowledge_n and_o more_o various_a fancy_n and_o opinion_n of_o all_o mankind_n if_o we_o consider_v how_o many_o word_n may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o various_a composition_n of_o 24_o letter_n or_o if_o go_v one_o step_n far_o we_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o the_o variety_n of_o combination_n may_v be_v make_v with_o bare_o one_o of_o these_o idea_n viz._n number_n who_o stock_n be_v inexhaustible_a and_o true_o infiniteâ—_n and_o what_o a_o large_a and_o immense_a field_n do_v excursion_n alone_o afford_v the_o mathematician_n chap._n viii_o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v our_o simple_a idea_n §_o 1._o concern_v the_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensation_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v so_o constitute_v in_o nature_n as_o to_o be_v able_a by_o affect_v our_o sense_n to_o cause_v any_o perception_n in_o the_o mind_n do_v thereby_o produce_v in_o the_o understanding_n a_o simple_a idea_n which_o whatever_o be_v the_o external_a cause_n of_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o our_o discern_a faculty_n it_o be_v by_o the_o mind_n look_v on_o and_o consider_v there_o to_o be_v a_o real_a positive_a idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n as_o much_o as_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o though_o perhaps_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v but_o a_o privation_n in_o the_o subject_n §_o 2._o thus_o the_o idea_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a light_a and_o darkness_n white_a and_o black_a motion_n and_o rest_n be_v equal_o clear_a and_o positive_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n though_o perhaps_o some_o of_o the_o cause_n which_o produce_v they_o be_v bare_o privation_n in_o those_o subject_n from_o whence_o our_o sense_n derive_v those_o idea_n these_o the_o understanding_n in_o its_o view_n of_o they_o consider_v all_o as_o distinct_a positive_a idea_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o cause_n that_o produce_v they_o which_o be_v a_o enquiry_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n but_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o these_o be_v two_o very_a different_a thing_n and_o careful_o to_o be_v distinguish_v it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o perceive_v and_o know_v the_o idea_n of_o white_a or_o black_a and_o quite_o another_o to_o examine_v what_o kind_n of_o particle_n they_o must_v be_v and_o how_o range_v in_o the_o superficies_n to_o make_v any_o object_n appear_v white_a or_o black_a §_o 3._o a_o painter_n or_o dyer_n who_o never_o inquire_v into_o their_o cause_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o white_a and_o black_a and_o other_o colour_n as_o clear_o perfect_o and_o distinct_o in_o his_o understanding_n and_o perhaps_o more_o distinct_o than_o the_o philosopher_n who_o have_v busy_v himself_o in_o consider_v their_o nature_n and_o think_v he_o know_v how_o far_o either_o of_o they_o be_v in_o its_o cause_n positive_a or_o privative_a and_o the_o idea_n of_o black_a be_v no_o less_o positive_a in_o his_o mind_n than_o that_o of_o white_a however_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o external_a object_n may_v be_v only_o a_o privation_n §_o 4._o if_o it_o be_v the_o design_n of_o my_o present_a undertake_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o natural_a cause_n and_o manner_n of_o perception_n i_o shall_v offer_v this_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o a_o privative_a cause_n may_v in_o some_o case_n at_o least_o produce_v a_o positive_a idea_n viz._n that_o all_o sensation_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o only_o by_o different_a degree_n and_o mode_n of_o motion_n in_o our_o animal_n spirit_n various_o agitate_a by_o external_a object_n the_o abatement_n of_o any_o former_a motion_n must_v as_o necessary_o produce_v a_o new_a sensation_n as_o the_o variation_n or_o increase_n of_o it_o and_o so_o introduce_v a_o new_a idea_n which_o depend_v only_o on_o a_o different_a motion_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o that_o organ_n §_o 5._o but_o whether_o this_o be_v so_o or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o here_o determine_v but_o appeal_v to_o every_o one_o be_v own_o experience_n whether_o the_o shadow_n of_o a_o man_n though_o it_o consist_v of_o nothing_o but_o the_o absence_n of_o light_n and_o the_o more_o the_o absence_n of_o light_n be_v the_o more_o discernible_a be_v the_o shadow_n do_v not_o when_o a_o man_n look_v on_o it_o cause_n as_o clear_a and_o positive_a a_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n as_o a_o man_n himself_o though_o cover_v over_o with_o clear_a sunshine_n and_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o shadow_n be_v a_o positive_a thing_n indeed_o we_o have_v negative_a name_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a idea_n but_o they_o consist_v whole_o in_o negation_n of_o some_o certain_a idea_n as_o silence_n invisible_a but_o these_o signify_v not_o any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n but_o their_o absence_n §_o 6._o and_o thus_o one_o may_v true_o be_v say_v to_o see_v darkness_n for_o suppose_v a_o hole_n perfect_o dark_a from_o whence_o no_o light_n be_v reflect_v it_o be_v certain_a one_o may_v see_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o or_o it_o may_v be_v paint_v and_o whether_o the_o ink_n i_o write_v with_o make_v any_o other_o idea_n be_v a_o question_n the_o privative_a cause_n i_o have_v here_o assign_v of_o positive_a idea_n be_v according_a to_o the_o common_a opinion_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o determine_v whether_o there_o be_v real_o any_o idea_n from_o a_o privative_a cause_n till_o it_o be_v determine_v whether_o rest_v be_v any_o more_o a_o privation_n than_o motion_n §_o 7._o to_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n the_o better_a and_o to_o discourse_v of_o they_o intelligible_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o distinguish_v they_o as_o they_o be_v idea_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o body_n that_o cause_n such_o perception_n in_o we_o that_o sow_n may_v not_o think_v as_o perhaps_o usual_o be_v do_v that_o they_o be_v exact_o the_o image_n and_o resemblance_n of_o something_o inherent_a in_o the_o subject_n most_o of_o those_o of_o sensation_n be_v in_o the_o mind_n no_o more_o the_o likeness_n of_o something_o exist_v without_o we_o than_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o be_v the_o likeness_n of_o our_o idea_n which_o yet_o upon_o hear_v they_o be_v apt_a to_o excite_v in_o we_o §_o 8._o whatsoever_o the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o itself_o or_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o perception_n thought_n or_o understanding_n that_o i_o call_v idea_n and_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n i_o call_v quality_n of_o the_o subject_a wherein_o that_o power_n be_v thus_o a_o snowball_n have_v the_o power_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a cold_a and_o round_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v those_o idea_n in_o we_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o snowball_n i_o call_v quality_n and_o as_o they_o be_v sensation_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o underwanding_n i_o call_v they_o idea_n which_o idea_n if_o i_o speak_v of_o sometime_o as_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v those_o quality_n in_o the_o object_n which_o produce_v they_o in_o we_o §_o 9_o concern_v these_o quality_n we_o may_v i_o think_v observe_v these_o primary_n one_o in_o body_n that_o produce_v simple_a idea_n in_o we_o viz._n solidity_n extension_n motion_n or_o rest_n number_n and_o figure_n §_o 10._o these_o which_o i_o call_v original_a or_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n be_v whole_o inseparable_a from_o it_o and_o such_o as_o in_o all_o the_o alteration_n and_o change_n it_o suffer_v all_o the_o force_n can_v be_v use_v upon_o it_o it_o constant_o keep_v and_o such_o as_o sense_n constant_o find_v in_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o have_v bulk_n enough_o to_o be_v perceive_v and_o the_o mind_n find_v inseparable_a from_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n though_o less_o than_o to_o make_v itself_o single_o be_v perceive_v by_o our_o sense_n v_o g._n take_v a_o grain_n of_o wheat_n divide_v it_o into_o two_o part_n each_o part_n have_v still_o solidity_n extension_n figure_n and_o mobility_n divide_v it_o again_o and_o it_o retain_v still_o the_o same_o quality_n and_o so_o divide_v it_o on_o till_o the_o part_n become_v insensible_a they_o must_v retain_v still_o each_o of_o they_o all_o those_o quality_n for_o division_n which_o be_v all_o that_o a_o mill_n or_o pestle_n or_o any_o other_o body_n do_v upon_o another_o in_o
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consist_v that_o which_o we_o call_v invention_n fancy_n and_o quickness_n of_o part_n §_o 9_o this_o faculty_n of_o lay_v up_o and_o retain_v the_o idea_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mind_n several_a other_o animal_n seem_v to_o have_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n as_o well_o as_o man._n for_o to_o pass_v by_o other_o instance_n bird_n learn_v of_o tune_n and_o the_o endeavour_v one_o may_v observe_v in_o they_o to_o hit_v the_o note_n right_a put_v it_o past_a doubt_n with_o i_o that_o they_o have_v perception_n and_o retain_v idea_n in_o their_o memory_n and_o use_v they_o for_o pattern_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o conform_v their_o voice_n to_o note_n as_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o do_v of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n for_o though_o i_o shall_v grant_v sound_n may_v mechanical_o cause_v a_o certain_a motion_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n in_o the_o brain_n of_o those_o bird_n whilst_o the_o tune_n be_v actual_o play_v 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from_o another_o where_o there_o be_v but_o the_o least_o difference_n consist_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o exactness_n of_o judgement_n and_o clearness_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o one_o man_n above_o another_o and_o hence_o perhaps_o may_v be_v give_v some_o reason_n of_o that_o common_a observation_n that_o man_n who_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o wit_n and_o prompt_a memory_n have_v not_o always_o the_o clear_a judgement_n or_o deep_a reason_n for_o wit_n lie_v most_o in_o the_o assemblage_n of_o idea_n and_o put_v those_o together_o with_o quickness_n and_o variety_n wherein_o can_v be_v find_v any_o resemblance_n or_o congruity_n thereby_o to_o make_v up_o pleasant_a picture_n and_o agreeable_a vision_n in_o the_o fancy_n judgement_n on_o the_o contrary_a lie_v quite_o on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o separate_v careful_o idea_n one_o from_o another_o wherein_o can_v be_v find_v the_o least_o difference_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v be_v mislead_v by_o 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our_o idea_n it_o chief_o contribute_v that_o they_o be_v clear_a and_o determinate_a and_o when_o they_o be_v so_o it_o will_v not_o breed_v any_o confusion_n or_o mistake_n about_o they_o though_o the_o sense_n shall_v as_o sometime_o they_o do_v convey_v they_o from_o the_o same_o object_n different_o on_o different_a occasion_n and_o so_o seem_v to_o err_v for_o though_o a_o man_n in_o a_o fever_n shall_v from_o sugar_n have_v a_o bitter_a taste_n which_o at_o another_o time_n will_v produce_v a_o sweet_a one_o yet_o the_o idea_n of_o bitter_a in_o that_o man_n mind_n will_v be_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o idea_n of_o sweet_a as_o if_o he_o have_v taste_v only_o gall._n nor_o do_v it_o make_v any_o more_o confusion_n between_o the_o two_o idea_n of_o sweet_a and_o bitter_a that_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o body_n produce_v at_o one_o time_n one_o and_o at_o another_o time_n another_o idea_n by_o the_o taste_n than_o it_o make_v a_o confusion_n in_o the_o two_o idea_n of_o white_a and_o sweet_a or_o white_a and_o round_a that_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o sugar_n produce_v they_o both_o in_o the_o mind_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o orange-colour_n and_o azure_a that_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o same_o parcel_n of_o the_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la be_v no_o less_o distinct_a idea_n than_o those_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n take_v from_o two_o very_a different_a body_n §_o 4._o the_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o in_o respect_n of_o extent_n degree_n time_n place_n or_o any_o other_o circumstance_n be_v another_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o idea_n and_o be_v that_o upon_o which_o depend_v all_o that_o large_a tribe_n of_o idea_n comprehend_v under_o relation_n which_o of_o how_o vast_a a_o extent_n it_o be_v i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v hereafter_o §_o 5._o how_o far_o brute_n partake_v in_o this_o faculty_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v i_o 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distinct_a mark_n whereby_o he_o know_v he_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v they_o do_v of_o themselves_o ever_o compound_v they_o and_o make_v complex_fw-la ideas_n and_o perhaps_o even_o where_o we_o think_v they_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n it_o be_v only_o one_o simple_a one_o that_o direct_v they_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o several_a thing_n which_o possible_o they_o distinguish_v less_o by_o their_o sight_n than_o we_o imagine_v for_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o infome_v that_o a_o bitch_n will_v nurse_v play_v with_o and_o be_v fond_a of_o young_a fox_n as_o much_o as_o and_o in_o place_n of_o her_o puppy_n if_o you_o can_v but_o get_v they_o once_o to_o suck_v she_o so_o long_o that_o her_o milk_n may_v go_v through_o they_o §_o 8._o when_o child_n have_v by_o repeat_v sensation_n get_v idea_n fix_v in_o their_o memory_n they_o begin_v by_o degree_n to_o learn_v the_o use_n of_o sign_n and_o when_o they_o have_v get_v the_o skill_n to_o apply_v the_o organ_n of_o speech_n to_o the_o frame_n of_o articulate_a sound_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v use_n of_o word_n to_o signify_v their_o idea_n to_o other_o which_o word_n they_o sometime_o borrow_v from_o other_o and_o sometime_o make_v themselves_o as_o one_o may_v observe_v among_o the_o new_a and_o unusual_a name_n child_n often_o give_v to_o thing_n in_o their_o first_o use_n of_o language_n §_o 9_o the_o use_n of_o word_n then_o be_v to_o stand_v as_o outward_a mark_n of_o our_o internal_a idea_n and_o those_o idea_n be_v take_v from_o particular_a thing_n if_o every_o particular_a idea_n we_o take_v in_o shall_v have_v a_o distinct_a name_n name_n must_v be_v endless_a to_o prevent_v this_o the_o mind_n make_v the_o particular_a idea_n receive_v from_o particular_a object_n to_o become_v general_a which_o be_v do_v by_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o appearance_n separate_v from_o all_o other_o existency_n and_o the_o circumstance_n of_o real_a existence_n as_o time_n place_n or_o any_o other_o concomitant_a idea_n this_o be_v call_v abstraction_n whereby_o idea_n take_v from_o particular_a being_n become_v general_a representative_n of_o all_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o their_o name_n general_a name_n applicable_a to_o whatever_o exist_v conformable_a to_o such_o abstract_n idea_n such_o precise_a naked_a appearance_n in_o the_o mind_n without_o consider_v how_o whence_o or_o with_o what_o other_o they_o come_v there_o the_o understanding_n lay_v up_o with_o name_n common_o annex_v to_o they_o as_o the_o standard_n to_o rank_v real_a existency_n into_o sort_n as_o they_o agree_v with_o these_o pattern_n and_o to_o denominate_v they_o according_o thus_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v observe_v to_o day_n in_o chalk_n or_o snow_n which_o the_o mind_n yesterday_o receive_v from_o milk_n it_o consider_v that_o appearance_n alone_o make_v it_o a_o representative_a of_o all_o of_o
that_o kind_n and_o have_v give_v in_o the_o name_n whiteness_n it_o by_o that_o find_v signify_v the_o same_o quali-wheresoev_a to_o be_v imagine_v or_o meet_v with_o and_o thus_o universals_z whether_o idea_n or_o term_n be_v make_v §_o 10._o if_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o beast_n compound_v and_o enlarge_v their_o idea_n that_o way_n to_o any_o degree_n this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v be_v positive_a in_o that_o the_o power_n of_o abstract_v be_v not_o at_o all_o in_o they_o and_o that_o the_o have_v of_o general_a idea_n be_v that_o which_o put_v a_o perfect_a distinction_n betwixt_o man_v and_o brute_n and_o be_v a_o excellency_n which_o the_o faculty_n of_o brute_n do_v by_o no_o mean_n attain_v to_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a we_o observe_v no_o footstep_n in_o they_o of_o make_v use_n of_o general_a sign_n for_o universal_a idea_n from_o which_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o faculty_n of_o abstract_v or_o make_v general_a idea_n since_o they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o word_n or_o any_o other_o general_a sign_n §_o 11._o nor_o can_v it_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o want_n of_o fit_a organ_n to_o frame_v articulate_a sound_n that_o they_o have_v no_o use_n or_o knowledge_n of_o general_a word_n since_o many_o of_o they_o we_o find_v can_v fashion_v such_o sound_n and_o pronounce_v word_n distinct_o enough_o but_o never_o with_o any_o such_o application_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n man_n who_o through_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n want_v word_n yet_o fail_v not_o to_o express_v their_o universal_a idea_n by_o sign_n which_o serve_v they_o instead_o of_o general_a word_n a_o faculty_n which_o we_o see_v beast_n come_v short_a in_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v we_o may_v suppose_v that_o it_o be_v in_o this_o that_o the_o species_n of_o brute_n be_v discriminate_v from_o man_n and_o it_o be_v that_o proper_a difference_n wherein_o they_o be_v whole_o separate_v and_o which_o at_o last_o widen_v to_o so_o vast_a a_o distance_n for_o if_o they_o have_v any_o idea_n at_o all_o and_o be_v not_o bare_a machines_n as_o some_o will_v have_v they_o we_o can_v deny_v they_o to_o have_v some_o reason_n it_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o they_o do_v reason_n as_o that_o they_o have_v sense_n but_o it_o be_v only_o in_o particular_a idea_n just_a as_o they_o receive_v they_o from_o their_o sense_n they_o be_v the_o best_a of_o they_o tie_v up_o within_o those_o narrow_a bound_n and_o have_v not_o as_o i_o think_v the_o faculty_n to_o enlarge_v they_o by_o any_o kind_n of_o abstraction_n §_o 12._o how_o far_o idiot_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o want_n or_o weakness_n of_o any_o or_o all_o of_o the_o forego_n faculty_n a_o exact_a observation_n of_o their_o several_a way_n of_o falter_a will_v no_o doubt_n discover_v for_o those_o who_o either_o perceive_v but_o dull_o or_o retain_v the_o idea_n that_o come_v into_o their_o mind_n but_o ill_o who_o can_v ready_o excite_v or_o compound_v they_o will_v have_v little_a matter_n to_o think_v on_o those_o who_o can_v distinguish_v compare_n and_o abstract_n will_v hardly_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v and_o make_v use_n of_o language_n or_o judge_n or_o reason_n to_o any_o tolerable_a degree_n but_o only_o a_o little_a and_o imperfect_o about_o thing_n present_a and_o very_o familiar_a to_o their_o sense_n and_o indeed_o any_o of_o the_o forementioned_a faculty_n if_o want_v or_o out_o of_o order_n produce_v suitable_a defect_n in_o man_n understanding_n and_o knowledge_n §_o 13._o in_o fine_a the_o defect_n in_o natural_n seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o want_n of_o quickness_n activity_n and_o motion_n in_o the_o intellectual_a faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o reason_n whereas_o mad_a man_n on_o the_o other_o side_n seem_v to_o suffer_v by_o the_o other_o extreme_a for_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o have_v lose_v the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v but_o have_v join_v together_o some_o idea_n very_o wrong_o they_o mistake_v they_o for_o truth_n and_o they_o err_v as_o man_n do_v that_o argue_v right_a from_o wrong_n principle_n for_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o imagination_n have_v take_v their_o fancy_n for_o reality_n they_o make_v right_a deduction_n from_o they_o thus_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o distract_a man_n phansy_v himself_o a_o king_n with_o a_o right_a inference_n require_v suitable_a attendance_n respect_n and_o obedience_n other_o who_o have_v think_v themselves_o make_v of_o glass_n have_v use_v the_o caution_n necessary_a to_o preserve_v such_o brittle_a body_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o man_n who_o be_v very_o sober_a and_o of_o a_o right_a understanding_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n may_v in_o one_o particular_a be_v as_o frantic_a as_o any_o in_o bedlam_n if_o either_o by_o any_o sudden_a very_a strong_a impression_n or_o long_o fix_v his_o fancy_n upon_o one_o sort_n of_o thought_n incoherent_a idea_n have_v be_v cement_v together_o so_o powerful_o as_o to_o remain_v unite_v but_o there_o be_v degree_n of_o madness_n as_o of_o folly_n the_o disorderly_a jumble_a idea_n together_o be_v in_o some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o in_o short_a herein_o seem_v to_o lie_v the_o difference_n between_o idiot_n and_o mad_a man_n that_o mad_a man_n put_v wrong_a idea_n together_o and_o so_o make_v wrong_a proposition_n but_o argue_v and_o reason_n right_a from_o they_o but_o idiot_n make_v very_o few_o or_o no_o proposition_n and_o reason_n scarce_o at_o all_o §_o 14._o these_o i_o think_v be_v the_o first_o faculty_n and_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o make_v use_v of_o in_o understanding_n which_o though_o they_o be_v exercise_v about_o all_o its_o idea_n in_o general_a yet_o the_o instance_n i_o have_v hitherto_o give_v have_v be_v chief_o in_o simple_a idea_n and_o i_o have_v subjoin_v the_o explication_n of_o these_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o that_o of_o simple_a idea_n before_o i_o come_v to_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v complex_fw-la one_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o because_o several_a of_o these_o faculty_n be_v exercise_v at_o first_o principal_o about_o simple_a idea_n we_o may_v by_o follow_v nature_n in_o its_o ordinary_a method_n trace_v and_o discover_v they_o in_o their_o rise_n progress_n and_o gradual_a improvement_n second_o because_o observe_v the_o faculty_n of_o our_o mind_n how_o they_o operate_v about_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v usual_o in_o most_o man_n mind_n much_o more_o clear_a precise_a and_o distinct_a than_o complex_fw-la one_o we_o may_v the_o better_o examine_v and_o learn_v how_o the_o mind_n abstract_n denominate_v compare_v and_o exercise_n its_o other_o operation_n about_o those_o which_o be_v complex_fw-la wherein_o we_o be_v much_o more_o liable_a to_o mistake_v three_o because_o these_o very_a operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o idea_n receive_v from_o sensation_n be_v themselves_o when_o reflect_v on_o another_o set_v of_o idea_n derive_v from_o that_o other_o source_n of_o our_o knowledge_n which_o i_o call_v reflection_n and_o therefore_o fit_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o this_o place_n after_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensation_n of_o compound_v compare_v abstract_a etc._n etc._n i_o have_v but_o just_a speak_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o they_o more_o at_o large_a in_o other_o place_n §_o 15._o and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o short_a and_o i_o think_v true_a history_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n whence_o the_o mind_n have_v its_o first_o object_n and_o by_o what_o step_v it_o make_v its_o progress_n to_o the_o lay_n in_o and_o store_v up_o those_o idea_n out_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v frame_v all_o the_o knowledge_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o wherein_o i_o must_v appeal_v to_o experience_n and_o observation_n whether_o i_o be_o in_o the_o right_n the_o best_a way_n to_o come_v to_o truth_n be_v to_o examine_v thing_n as_o real_o they_o be_v and_o not_o to_o conclude_v they_o be_v as_o we_o fancy_n of_o ourselves_o or_o have_v be_v teach_v to_o imagine_v by_o other_o §_o 16._o to_o deal_v true_o this_o be_v the_o only_a way_n that_o i_o can_v discover_v whereby_o the_o idea_n of_o thing_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o understanding_n if_o other_o man_n have_v either_o innate_a idea_n or_o infuse_v principle_n they_o have_v reason_n to_o enjoy_v they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o it_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o other_o to_o deny_v they_o the_o privilege_n they_o have_v above_o their_o neighbour_n i_o can_v speak_v but_o of_o what_o i_o find_v in_o myself_o and_o be_v agreeable_a to_o those_o notion_n which_o if_o we_o will_v examine_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o man_n in_o their_o several_a age_n country_n and_o education_n seem_v to_o depend_v on_o these_o foundation_n i_o have_v lay_v and_o to_o
true_a the_o idea_n of_o extension_n join_v itself_o so_o inseparable_o with_o all_o visible_a and_o most_o tangible_a quality_n that_o it_o suffer_v we_o to_o see_v no_o one_o or_o feel_v very_o few_o external_a object_n without_o take_v in_o impression_n of_o extension_n too_o this_o readiness_n of_o extension_n to_o make_v itself_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o so_o constant_o with_o other_o idea_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n i_o guess_v that_o some_o have_v make_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o body_n to_o consist_v in_o extension_n which_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o since_o some_o have_v have_v their_o mind_n by_o their_o eye_n and_o touch_v the_o busy_a of_o all_o our_o sense_n so_o fill_v with_o the_o idea_n of_o extension_n and_o as_o it_o be_v whole_o possess_v with_o it_o that_o they_o allow_v no_o existence_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v not_o extension_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o argue_v with_o those_o man_n who_o take_v the_o measure_n and_o possibility_n of_o all_o be_v only_o from_o their_o narrow_a and_o gross_a imagination_n but_o have_v here_o to_o do_v only_o with_o those_o who_o conclude_v the_o essence_n of_o body_n to_o be_v extension_n because_o they_o say_v they_o can_v imagine_v any_o sensible_a quality_n of_o any_o body_n without_o extension_n i_o shall_v desire_v they_o to_o consider_v that_o have_v they_o reflect_v on_o their_o idea_n of_o taste_n and_o smell_v as_o much_o as_o on_o those_o of_o sight_n and_o touch_n nay_o have_v they_o examine_v their_o idea_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o several_a other_o pain_n they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o they_o include_v in_o they_o no_o idea_n of_o extension_n at_o all_o which_o be_v but_o a_o affection_n of_o body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n discoverable_a by_o our_o sense_n which_o be_v scarce_o acute_a enough_o to_o look_v into_o the_o pure_a essence_n of_o thing_n §_o 25._o if_o those_o idea_n which_o be_v constant_o join_v to_o all_o other_o must_v therefore_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v constant_o those_o idea_n join_v to_o they_o and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o they_o then_o unity_n be_v without_o doubt_v the_o essence_n of_o every_o thing_n for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o object_n of_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n which_o do_v not_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o but_o the_o weakness_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o argument_n we_o have_v already_o show_v sufficient_o §_o 26._o to_o conclude_v whatever_o man_n shall_v think_v concern_v the_o existence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n this_o be_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o we_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o idea_n of_o space_n distinct_a from_o solidity_n as_o we_o have_v of_o solidity_n distinct_a from_o motion_n or_o motion_n from_o space_n we_o have_v not_o any_o two_o more_o distinct_a idea_n and_o we_o can_v as_o easy_o conceive_v space_n without_o solidity_n as_o we_o can_v conceive_v body_n without_o motion_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o certain_a that_o neither_o body_n nor_o motion_n can_v exist_v without_o space_n but_o whether_o any_o one_o will_v take_v space_n to_o be_v only_o a_o relation_n result_v from_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o being_n at_o a_o distance_n or_o whether_o they_o will_v think_v the_o word_n of_o the_o most_o know_a king_n solomon_n the_o heaven_n and_o the_o heaven_n of_o heaven_n can_v contain_v thou_o or_o those_o more_o emphatical_a one_o of_o the_o inspire_a philosopher_n st._n paul_n in_o he_o we_o live_v move_v and_o have_v our_o be_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o literal_a sense_n i_o leave_v every_o one_o to_o consider_v only_o our_o idea_n of_o space_n be_v i_o think_v such_o as_o i_o have_v mention_v and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o body_n for_o whether_o we_o consider_v in_o matter_n itself_o the_o distance_n of_o its_o coherent_a solid_a part_n and_o call_v it_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o solid_a part_n extension_n or_o whether_o consider_v it_o as_o lie_v between_o the_o extremity_n of_o any_o body_n in_o its_o several_a dimension_n we_o call_v it_o length_n breadth_n and_o thickness_n or_o else_o consider_v it_o as_o lie_v between_o any_o two_o body_n or_o positive_a being_n without_o any_o consideration_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o matter_n or_o no_o between_n we_o call_v it_o distance_n however_o name_v or_o consider_v it_o be_v always_o the_o same_o uniform_a simple_a idea_n of_o space_n take_v from_o object_n about_o which_o our_o sense_n have_v be_v conversant_a whereof_o have_v settle_a idea_n in_o our_o mind_n we_o can_v revive_v repeat_v and_o add_v they_o one_o to_o another_o as_o often_o as_o we_o will_v and_o consider_v the_o space_n or_o distance_n so_o imagine_v either_o as_o fill_v with_o solid_a part_n so_o that_o another_o body_n can_v come_v there_o without_o displace_v and_o thrust_v out_o the_o body_n that_o be_v there_o before_o or_o else_o as_o void_a of_o solidity_n so_o that_o a_o body_n of_o equal_a dimension_n to_o that_o empty_a or_o pure_a space_n may_v be_v place_v in_o it_o without_o the_o remove_n or_o expulsion_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v there_o §_o 27._o the_o know_v precise_o what_o our_o word_n stand_v for_o will_v i_o imagine_v in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o a_o great_a many_o other_o case_n quick_o end_v the_o dispute_n for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o man_n when_o they_o come_v to_o examine_v they_o find_v their_o simple_a idea_n all_o general_o to_o agree_v though_o in_o discourse_n with_o one_o another_o they_o perhaps_o confound_v one_o another_o with_o different_a name_n imagine_v that_o man_n who_o abstract_n their_o thought_n and_o do_v well_o examine_v the_o idea_n of_o their_o own_o mind_n can_v much_o differ_v in_o think_v however_o they_o may_v perplex_v themselves_o with_o word_n according_a to_o the_o way_n of_o speak_v of_o the_o several_a school_n or_o sect_n they_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o though_o among_o unthinking_a man_n who_o examine_v not_o scrupulous_o and_o careful_o their_o own_o idea_n and_o strip_v they_o not_o from_o the_o mark_n man_n use_v for_o they_o but_o confound_v they_o with_o word_n there_o must_v be_v endless_a dispute_n wrangle_v and_o jargon_v especial_o if_o they_o be_v learn_v bookish_a man_n devote_v to_o some_o sect_n and_o accustom_v to_o the_o language_n of_o it_o and_o have_v learned_a to_o talk_v after_o other_o but_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o any_o two_o think_v man_n shall_v real_o have_v different_a idea_n different_a notion_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o can_v discourse_v or_o argue_v one_o with_o another_o here_o i_o must_v not_o be_v mistake_v to_o think_v that_o every_o float_a imagination_n in_o man_n brain_n be_v present_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o idea_n i_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a for_o the_o mind_n to_o put_v off_o those_o confuse_a notion_n and_o prejudices_fw-la it_o have_v imbibe_v from_o custom_n inadvertency_n and_o common_a conversation_n it_o require_v pain_n and_o assiduity_n to_o examine_v its_o idea_n till_o it_o resolve_v they_o into_o those_o clear_a and_o distinct_a simple_a one_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v compound_v and_o to_o see_v which_o among_o its_o simple_a one_o have_v or_o have_v not_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o dependence_n one_o upon_o another_o till_o a_o man_n do_v this_o in_o the_o primary_n and_o original_a notion_n of_o thing_n he_o build_v upon_o float_v and_o uncertain_a principle_n and_o will_v often_o find_v himself_o at_o a_o loss_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o duration_n and_o its_o simple_a modes_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o distance_n or_o length_n the_o idea_n whereof_o we_o get_v not_o from_o the_o permanent_a part_n of_o space_n but_o from_o the_o fleet_a and_o perpetual_o perish_v part_n of_o succession_n this_o we_o call_v duration_n the_o simple_a modes_n whereof_o be_v any_o different_a length_n of_o it_o whereof_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n as_o hour_n day_n year_n etc._n etc._n time_n and_o eternity_n §_o 2._o the_o answer_n of_o a_o great_a man_n to_o one_o who_o ask_v what_o time_n be_v si_fw-la non_fw-la rogas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la which_o amount_v to_o this_o the_o more_o i_o set_v myself_o to_o think_v of_o it_o the_o less_o i_o understand_v it_o may_v perhaps_o persuade_v one_o that_o time_n which_o reveal_v all_o other_o thing_n be_v itself_o not_o to_o be_v discover_v duration_n time_n and_o eternity_n be_v not_o without_o reason_n think_v to_o have_v something_o very_o obstruse_a in_o their_o nature_n but_o however_o remote_a this_o may_v seem_v from_o our_o comprehension_n yet_o if_o we_o trace_v they_o right_o to_o their_o original_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o one_o of_o those_o source_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n viz._n sensation_n and_o reflection_n will_v be_v able_a to_o furnish_v we_o with_o those_o idea_n as_o clear_v
every_o small_a or_o great_a multitude_n of_o unite_v so_o that_o he_o that_o can_v add_v one_o to_o one_o and_o so_o to_o two_o and_o so_o go_v on_o with_o his_o tale_n take_v still_o with_o he_o the_o distinct_a name_n belong_v to_o every_o progression_n and_o so_o again_o by_o subtract_v a_o unite_v from_o each_o collection_n retreat_n and_o lessen_v they_o be_v capable_a of_o all_o the_o idea_n of_o number_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o language_n or_o for_o which_o he_o have_v name_n though_o not_o perhaps_o of_o more_o for_o the_o several_a simple_a modes_n of_o number_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n but_o so_o many_o combination_n of_o unite_v which_o have_v no_o variety_n nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o other_o difference_n but_o more_o or_o less_o name_n or_o mark_v for_o each_o distinct_a combination_n seem_v more_o necessary_a than_o in_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o idea_n for_o without_o such_o name_n or_o mark_n we_o can_v hardly_o well_o make_v use_n of_o number_n in_o 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how_o much_o distinct_a name_n conduce_v to_o our_o well_o reckon_v or_o have_v useful_a idea_n of_o number_n let_v we_o set_v all_o these_o follow_a figure_n in_o one_o continue_a line_n as_o the_o mark_n of_o one_o number_n v_o g._n nevilion_n octilion_n septilion_n sextilion_n quintilion_n quatrilion_n trilion_n bilion_n million_o unite_v 857324._o 162486._o 345896._o 437916._o 423147._o 248106._o 235421._o 261734._o 368149._o 623137._o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o name_v this_o number_n in_o english_a will_v be_v the_o often_o repeat_v of_o million_o of_o million_o of_o million_o of_o million_o of_o million_o of_o million_o of_o million_o of_o million_o which_o be_v the_o denomination_n of_o six_o second_o figure_n in_o which_o way_n it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a to_o have_v any_o distinguish_a notion_n of_o this_o number_n but_o whether_o by_o give_v every_o six_o figure_n a_o new_a and_o orderly_a denomination_n these_o and_o perhaps_o a_o great_a many_o more_o figure_n in_o 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pretty_a well_o and_o have_v very_o clear_a conception_n of_o several_a other_o thing_n before_o they_o can_v tell_v 20._o and_o some_o through_o the_o default_n of_o their_o memory_n who_o can_v retain_v the_o several_a combination_n of_o number_n with_o their_o name_n annex_v in_o their_o distinct_a order_n and_o the_o dependence_n of_o so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o numeral_a progression_n and_o their_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o be_v not_o able_a all_o their_o life-time_n to_o reckon_v or_o regular_o go_v over_o any_o moderate_a series_n of_o number_n for_o he_o that_o will_v count_v twenty_o or_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o that_o number_n must_v know_v that_o nineteen_o go_v before_o with_o the_o distinct_a name_n or_o sign_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o as_o they_o stand_v mark_v in_o their_o order_n for_o wherever_o this_o fail_v a_o gap_n be_v make_v the_o chain_n break_v and_o the_o progress_n in_o number_v can_v go_v no_o far_o so_o that_o to_o reckon_v right_a it_o be_v require_v 1._o that_o the_o mind_n distinguish_v careful_o two_o idea_n which_o be_v different_a one_o from_o another_o only_o by_o the_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o one_o unite_n 2._o that_o it_o retain_v in_o memory_n the_o name_n or_o mark_n of_o the_o several_a combination_n from_o a_o unite_v to_o that_o number_n and_o that_o not_o confuse_o and_o at_o random_n but_o in_o that_o exact_a order_n that_o the_o number_n follow_v one_o another_o in_o either_o of_o which_o if_o it_o trip_v the_o whole_a business_n of_o number_v will_v be_v disturb_v and_o there_o will_v remain_v only_o the_o confuse_a idea_n of_o multitude_n but_o the_o idea_n necessary_a to_o distinct_a numeration_n will_v not_o be_v attain_v to_o §_o 8._o this_o far_a be_v observable_a in_o number_n that_o it_o be_v that_o which_o the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o in_o measure_v all_o thing_n that_o by_o we_o be_v measurable_a which_o principal_o be_v expansion_n and_o duration_n and_o our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o even_o when_o apply_v to_o those_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o infinity_o of_o number_n for_o what_o else_o be_v our_o idea_n of_o eternity_n and_o immensity_n but_o the_o repeat_v addition_n of_o certain_a idea_n of_o imagine_a part_n of_o space_n and_o expansion_n or_o duration_n with_o the_o infinity_o of_o number_n in_o which_o we_o can_v come_v to_o no_o end_n of_o addition_n for_o such_o a_o inexhaustible_a stock_n number_n of_o all_o other_o our_o idea_n most_o clear_o furnish_v we_o with_o as_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o one_o for_o let_v a_o man_n collect_v into_o one_o sum_n as_o great_a a_o number_n as_o he_o please_v this_o multitude_n how_o great_a soever_o lessen_v not_o one_o jot_n the_o power_n of_o add_v to_o it_o or_o bring_v he_o any_o near_a the_o end_n of_o the_o inexhaustible_a stock_n of_o number_n where_o still_o there_o remain_v as_o much_o to_o be_v add_v as_o if_o none_o be_v take_v out_o and_o this_o endless_a addition_n of_o number_n so_o apparent_a to_o the_o mind_n be_v that_o i_o think_v which_o give_v we_o the_o clear_a and_o most_o distinct_a idea_n of_o infinity_o of_o which_o more_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n xvii_o of_o infinity_o §_o 1._o he_o that_o will_v know_v what_o kind_n of_o idea_n it_o be_v to_o which_o we_o give_v the_o name_n of_o infinity_o can_v do_v it_o better_o than_o by_o consider_v to_o what_o infinity_o be_v by_o the_o mind_n more_o immediate_o attribute_v and_o then_o how_o the_o mind_n come_v to_o frame_v it_o finite_a and_o infinite_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o mode_n of_o quantity_n and_o to_o be_v attribute_v primary_o in_o their_o first_o designation_n only_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v part_n and_o be_v capable_a of_o increase_n or_o diminution_n by_o the_o addition_n or_o
any_o equal_a or_o less_o part_n afford_v we_o by_o their_o repetition_n the_o idea_n of_o infinity_o because_o with_o this_o endless_a repetition_n there_o be_v continue_v a_o enlargement_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o end_n but_o in_o other_o idea_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o to_o the_o large_a idea_n of_o extension_n or_o duration_n that_o i_o at_o present_a have_v the_o addition_n of_o any_o the_o least_o part_n make_v a_o increase_n but_o to_o the_o perfect_a idea_n i_o have_v of_o the_o white_a whiteness_n if_o i_o add_v another_o of_o a_o less_o or_o equal_a whiteness_n and_o of_o a_o white_a than_o i_o have_v i_o can_v add_v the_o idea_n it_o make_v no_o increase_n and_o enlarge_v not_o my_o idea_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o different_a idea_n of_o whiteness_n etc._n etc._n be_v call_v degree_n for_o those_o idea_n that_o consist_v of_o part_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v augment_v by_o every_o addition_n of_o the_o least_o part_n but_o if_o you_o take_v the_o idea_n of_o white_a which_o one_o parcel_n of_o snow_n yield_v yesterday_o to_o our_o sight_n and_o another_o idea_n of_o white_a from_o another_o parcel_n of_o snow_n you_o see_v to_o day_n and_o put_v they_o together_o in_o your_o mind_n they_o embody_n as_o it_o be_v and_o run_v into_o one_o and_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n be_v not_o at_o all_o increase_v and_o if_o we_o add_v a_o less_o degree_n of_o whiteness_n to_o a_o great_a we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o increase_v that_o we_o diminish_v it_o those_o idea_n that_o consist_v not_o of_o part_n can_v be_v augment_v to_o what_o proportion_n man_n please_v or_o be_v stretch_v beyond_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v by_o their_o sense_n but_o space_n duration_n and_o number_n be_v capable_a of_o increase_n by_o repetition_n leave_v in_o the_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o a_o endless_a room_n for_o more_o nor_o can_v we_o conceive_v any_o where_o a_o stop_n to_o a_o far_a addition_n or_o progression_n and_o so_o those_o idea_n alone_o lead_v our_o mind_n towards_o the_o thought_n of_o infinity_o §_o 7._o though_o our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o arise_v from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o quantity_n and_o the_o endless_a increase_n the_o mind_n be_v able_a to_o make_v in_o quantity_n by_o the_o repeat_v addition_n of_o what_o portion_n thereof_o it_o please_v yet_o i_o guess_v we_o cause_v great_a confusion_n in_o our_o thought_n when_o we_o join_v infinity_o to_o any_o suppose_a idea_n of_o quantity_n the_o mind_n can_v be_v think_v to_o have_v and_o so_o discourse_n or_o reason_n about_o a_o infinite_a quantity_n as_o a_o infinite_a space_n or_o a_o infinite_a duration_n for_o our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o be_v as_o i_o think_v a_o endless_a grow_a idea_n but_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o quantity_n the_o mind_n have_v be_v at_o that_o time_n terminate_v in_o that_o idea_n for_o be_v it_o as_o great_a as_o it_o will_v it_o can_v be_v no_o great_a than_o it_o be_v to_o join_v infinity_o to_o it_o be_v to_o adjust_a a_o stand_a measure_n to_o a_o grow_a bulk_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o a_o insignificant_a subtlety_n if_o i_o say_v that_o we_o be_v careful_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o infinity_o of_o space_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o space_n infinite_a the_o first_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o suppose_a endless_a progression_n of_o the_o mind_n over_o what_o repeat_v idea_n of_o space_n it_o please_v but_o to_o have_v actual_o in_o the_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o space_n infinite_a be_v to_o suppose_v the_o mind_n already_o pass_v over_o and_o actual_o to_o have_v a_o view_n of_o all_o those_o repeat_v idea_n of_o space_n which_o a_o endless_a repetition_n can_v never_o total_o represent_v to_o it_o which_o carry_v in_o it_o a_o plain_a contradiction_n §_o 8._o this_o perhaps_o will_v be_v a_o little_a plain_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o in_o number_n the_o infinity_n of_o number_n to_o the_o end_n of_o who_o addition_n every_o one_o perceive_v there_o be_v 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that_o in_o strictness_n of_o speech_n the_o act_n of_o understanding_n be_v usual_o apply_v §_o 6._o these_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n viz._n of_o perceive_v and_o of_o prefer_v be_v usual_o call_v by_o another_o name_n and_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v be_v that_o the_o understanding_n and_o will_n be_v two_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n a_o word_n proper_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v use_v as_o all_o word_n shall_v be_v so_o as_o not_o to_o breed_v any_o confusion_n in_o man_n thought_n by_o be_v suppose_v as_o i_o suspect_v it_o have_v be_v to_o stand_v for_o some_o real_a being_n in_o the_o soul_n that_o perform_v those_o action_n of_o understanding_n and_o volition_n for_o when_o we_o say_v the_o will_n be_v the_o command_a and_o superior_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o free_a that_o it_o determine_v the_o inferior_a faculty_n that_o it_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n etc._n etc._n though_o these_o and_o the_o like_a expression_n by_o those_o that_o careful_o attend_v to_o their_o own_o idea_n and_o conduct_v their_o thought_n more_o by_o the_o evidence_n of_o thing_n than_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a sense_n yet_o i_o suspect_v i_o say_v that_o this_o way_n of_o speak_v of_o faculty_n have_v mislead_v many_o into_o a_o confuse_a notion_n of_o so_o many_o distinct_a agent_n in_o we_o which_o have_v their_o several_a province_n and_o authority_n and_o do_v command_v obey_v and_o perform_v several_a action_n as_o so_o many_o distinct_a being_n which_o have_v be_v no_o small_a occasion_n of_o wrangle_v obscurity_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o question_n relate_v to_o they_o §_o 7._o every_o one_o i_o think_v find_v in_o himself_o a_o power_n to_o begin_v or_o forbear_v continue_v or_o put_v a_o end_n to_o several_a action_n in_o himself_o the_o power_n the_o mind_n have_v at_o any_o time_n to_o prefer_v any_o particular_a one_o of_o those_o action_n to_o its_o forbearance_n or_o vice_n versa_fw-la be_v that_o faculty_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v we_o call_v the_o will_n the_o actual_a exercise_n of_o that_o power_n we_o call_v volition_n and_o the_o forbearance_n or_o performance_n of_o that_o action_n consequent_a to_o such_o a_o preference_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v call_v voluntary_a hence_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n over_o the_o action_n not_o only_o of_o the_o mind_n but_o the_o whole_a agent_n the_o whole_a man._n §_o 8._o all_o the_o action_n that_o we_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o reduce_v themselves_o as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o these_o two_o viz._n think_v and_o motion_n so_o far_o as_o a_o
say_v that_o the_o world_n be_v support_v by_o a_o great_a elephant_n be_v ask_v what_o the_o elephant_n rest_v on_o to_o which_o his_o answer_n be_v a_o great_a tortoise_n but_o be_v again_o press_v to_o know_v what_o give_v support_v to_o the_o broad-backed_a tortoise_n reply_v something_o he_o know_v not_o what_o and_o thus_o here_o as_o in_o all_o other_o case_n where_o we_o use_v word_n without_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n we_o talk_v like_o child_n who_o be_v question_v what_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v which_o they_o know_v not_o ready_o give_v this_o satisfactory_a answer_n that_o be_v something_o which_o in_o truth_n signify_v no_o more_o when_o so_o use_v either_o by_o child_n or_o man_n but_o that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o and_o that_o the_o thing_n they_o pretend_v to_o know_v and_o talk_v of_o be_v what_o they_o have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n of_o at_o all_o and_o so_o be_v perfect_o ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o in_o the_o dark_a the_o idea_n than_o we_o have_v 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a_o man_n horse_n gold_n water_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o substance_n whether_o any_o one_o have_v any_o other_o clear_a idea_n far_o than_o of_o certain_a simple_a idea_n coexi_v together_o i_o appeal_v to_o every_o one_o be_v own_o experience_n it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a quality_n observable_a in_o iron_n or_o a_o diamond_n put_v together_o that_o make_v the_o true_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o those_o substance_n which_o a_o smith_n or_o a_o jeweller_n common_o know_v better_a than_o a_o philosopher_n who_o whatever_o substantial_a form_n he_o may_v talk_v of_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o those_o substance_n than_o what_o be_v frame_v by_o a_o collection_n of_o those_o simple_a idea_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o only_o we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n beside_o all_o these_o simple_a idea_n they_o be_v make_v up_o of_o have_v always_o the_o confuse_a idea_n of_o something_o to_o which_o they_o belong_v and_o in_o which_o they_o subsist_v and_o therefore_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o any_o sort_n of_o substance_n we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o thing_n have_v such_o or_o such_o quality_n as_o body_n be_v a_o thing_n that_o be_v extend_v figure_v and_o capable_a of_o motion_n a_o spirit_n a_o thing_n capable_a of_o think_v and_o so_o hardness_n friability_n and_o power_n to_o draw_v iron_n we_o say_v be_v quality_n to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o loadstone_n these_o and_o the_o like_a fashion_n of_o speak_v intimate_a that_o the_o substance_n be_v suppose_v always_o something_o beside_o the_o extension_n figure_n solidity_n motion_n think_v or_o other_o observable_a idea_n though_o we_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v §_o 4._o hence_o when_o we_o talk_v or_o think_v of_o any_o particular_a sort_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n as_o horse_n stone_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v put_v the_o complication_n or_o collection_n of_o those_o several_a simple_a idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n which_o we_o use_v to_o find_v unite_v in_o the_o thing_n call_v horse_n or_o stone_n yet_o because_o we_o can_v conceive_v how_o they_o shall_v subsist_v alone_o nor_o one_o in_o another_o we_o suppose_v they_o to_o exist_v in_o and_o support_v by_o some_o common_a subject_n which_o support_v we_o denote_v by_o the_o name_n substance_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o have_v no_o clear_a or_o distinct_a idea_n of_o that_o thing_n we_o suppose_v a_o support_n §_o 5._o the_o same_o happen_v concern_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n viz._n think_v reason_v fear_v etc._n etc._n which_o we_o conclude_v not_o to_o subsist_v of_o themselves_o nor_o apprehend_v how_o they_o can_v belong_v to_o body_n or_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v these_o the_o action_n of_o some_o other_o substance_n which_o we_o call_v spirit_n whereby_o yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n or_o notion_n of_o matter_n but_o something_o wherein_o those_o many_o sensible_a quality_n which_o affect_v our_o sense_n do_v subsist_v by_o suppose_v a_o substance_n wherein_o think_v know_v doubt_v and_o a_o power_n of_o move_a etc._n etc._n do_v subsist_v we_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o nature_n or_o substance_n of_o spirit_n as_o we_o have_v of_o body_n the_o one_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o know_v what_o it_o be_v the_o substratum_fw-la to_o those_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v from_o without_o and_o the_o other_o suppose_v with_o a_o like_a ignorance_n of_o what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v the_o substratum_fw-la to_o those_o operation_n which_o we_o experiment_n in_o ourselves_o within_o it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n in_o matter_n be_v as_o remote_a from_o our_o conception_n and_o apprehension_n as_o that_o of_o spiritual_a substance_n or_o spirit_n and_o therefore_o from_o our_o not_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o spirit_n we_o can_v no_o more_o conclude_v its_o nonexistence_n than_o we_o can_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n deny_v the_o existence_n of_o body_n it_o be_v as_o rational_a to_o affirm_v there_o be_v no_o body_n because_o we_o can_v know_v its_o essence_n as_o it_o be_v call_v or_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o matter_n as_o to_o say_v there_o be_v no_o spirit_n because_o we_o know_v not_o its_o essence_n or_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o a_o spiritual_a substance_n §_o 6._o whatever_o therefore_o be_v the_o secret_a and_o abstract_n nature_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n all_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o particular_a distinct_a substance_n be_v nothing_o but_o several_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n coexhi_v in_o such_o though_o unknown_a cause_o of_o their_o union_n as_o make_v the_o whole_a subsist_v of_o itself_o it_o be_v by_o such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o nothing_o else_o that_o we_o represent_v particular_a substance_n to_o ourselves_o such_o be_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o their_o several_a sort_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o such_o only_o do_v we_o by_o their_o specific_a name_n signify_v to_o other_o v_o g._n man_n horse_n sun_n water_n iron_n upon_o hear_v which_o word_n every_o one_o who_o understand_v the_o language_n frame_v in_o his_o mind_n a_o combination_n of_o those_o several_a simple_a idea_n which_o he_o have_v usual_o observe_v or_o fancy_v to_o exist_v together_o under_o that_o denomination_n all_o which_o he_o suppose_v to_o rest_v in_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v adherent_a to_o that_o unknown_a common_a subject_n which_o inhere_v not_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o though_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a and_o every_o one_o upon_o enquiry_n into_o his_o own_o thought_n will_v find_v that_o he_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o any_o substance_n v_o g._n let_v it_o be_v gold_n horse_n iron_n man_n vitriol_n bread_n but_o what_o he_o have_v bare_o of_o those_o sensible_a quality_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o inhere_o with_o a_o supposition_n of_o such_o a_o substratum_fw-la as_o give_v as_o it_o be_v a_o support_n to_o those_o quality_n or_o simple_a idea_n which_o he_o have_v observe_v to_o exist_v unite_v together_o thus_o the_o idea_n of_o sun_n what_o be_v it_o but_o a_o aggregate_v of_o these_o several_a simple_a idea_n bright_n hot_a roundish_n have_v a_o constant_a regular_a motion_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n from_o we_o and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o as_o he_o who_o think_v and_o discourse_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v more_o or_o less_o accurate_a in_o observe_v those_o sensible_a quality_n idea_n or_o property_n which_o be_v in_o that_o thing_n which_o he_o call_v the_o sun_n §_o 7._o for_o he_o have_v the_o perfect_a idea_n of_o any_o particular_a substance_n who_o have_v gather_v and_o put_v together_o most_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o do_v exist_v in_o it_o among_o which_o be_v to_o
on_o to_o be_v either_o relative_a or_o so_o much_o as_o external_a denomination_n which_o yet_o under_o the_o form_n and_o appearance_n of_o signify_v something_o absolute_a in_o the_o subject_a do_v conceal_v a_o tacit_n though_o less_o observable_a relation_n such_o be_v the_o seem_o positive_a term_n of_o old_a great_a imperfect_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n §_o 4._o this_o far_a may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o relation_n may_v be_v the_o same_o in_o man_n who_o have_v far_o different_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v relate_v or_o that_o be_v thus_o compare_v v_o g._n those_o who_o have_v far_o different_a idea_n of_o a_o man_n may_v yet_o agree_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o father_n which_o be_v a_o notion_n superinduce_v to_o the_o substance_n or_o man_n and_o refer_v only_o to_o a_o act_n of_o that_o thing_n call_v man_n whereby_o it_o contribute_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o one_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n let_v man_n be_v what_o it_o will_n §_n 5._o the_o nature_n therefore_o of_o relation_n consist_v in_o the_o refer_v or_o compare_v two_o thing_n one_o to_o another_o from_o which_o comparison_n one_o or_o both_o come_v to_o be_v denominate_v and_o if_o either_o of_o those_o thing_n be_v remove_v or_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o relation_n cease_v and_o the_o denomination_n consequent_a to_o it_o though_o the_o other_o receive_v in_o itself_o no_o alteration_n at_o all_o v_o g._n cajus_n who_o i_o consider_v to_o day_n as_o a_o father_n ceases_z to_o be_v so_o to_o morrow_n only_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n without_o any_o alteration_n make_v in_o himself_o nay_o bare_o by_o the_o mind_n be_v change_v the_o object_n to_o which_o it_o compare_v any_o thing_n the_o same_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o have_v contrary_a denomination_n at_o the_o same_o time_n v_o g._n cajus_n compare_v to_o several_a person_n may_v true_o be_v say_v to_o be_v old_a and_o young_a strong_a and_o weak_a etc._n etc._n §_o 6._o whatsoever_o do_v or_o can_v exist_v or_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o thing_n be_v positive_a and_o so_o not_o only_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n but_o modes_n also_o be_v positive_a being_n though_o the_o part_n of_o which_o they_o consist_v be_v very_o often_o relative_a one_o to_o another_o but_o the_o whole_a together_o consider_v as_o one_o thing_n and_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o one_o thing_n which_o idea_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o one_o picture_n though_o a_o aggregate_v of_o divers_a part_n and_o under_o one_o name_n it_o be_v a_o positive_a or_o absolute_a thing_n or_o idea_n thus_o a_o triangle_n though_o the_o part_n thereof_o compare_v one_o to_o another_o be_v relative_a yet_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v a_o positive_a absolute_a idea_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o family_n a_o tune_n etc._n etc._n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o relation_n but_o betwixt_o two_o thing_n consider_v as_o two_o thing_n there_o must_v always_o be_v in_o relation_n two_o idea_n or_o thing_n either_o in_o themselves_o real_o separate_v or_o consider_v as_o distinct_a and_o then_o ground_n or_o occasion_n for_o their_o comparison_n §_o 7._o concern_v relation_n in_o general_n these_o thing_n may_v be_v consider_v first_o that_o there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n whether_o simple_a idea_n substance_n mode_n or_o relation_n or_o name_n of_o either_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o consideration_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o this_o make_v no_o small_a part_n of_o man_n thought_n and_o word_n v_o g._n one_o single_a man_n may_v at_o once_o be_v concern_v in_o and_o sustain_v all_o these_o follow_a relation_n and_o many_o more_o viz._n father_n brother_n son_n grandfather_n grandson_n father-in-law_n son-in-law_n husband_n friend_n enemy_n subject_a general_n judge_n patron_n client_n professor_n european_n englishman_n islander_n servant_n master_n possessor_n captain_n superior_a inferior_a bigger_n lesle_n old_a young_a contemporary_a like_a unlike_a etc._n etc._n to_o a_o almost_o infinite_a number_n he_o be_v capable_a of_o as_o many_o relation_n as_o there_o can_v be_v occasion_n of_o compare_v he_o to_o other_o thing_n with_o which_o he_o may_v agree_v or_o disagree_v or_o have_v any_o respect_n for_o as_o i_o say_v relation_n be_v a_o way_n of_o compare_v or_o consider_v two_o thing_n together_o and_o give_v one_o or_o both_o of_o they_o some_o appellation_n from_o that_o comparison_n and_o sometime_o give_v even_o the_o relation_n itself_o a_o name_n §_o 8._o second_o this_o far_a may_v be_v consider_v concern_v relation_n that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n but_o something_o extraneous_a and_o superinduce_v yet_o the_o idea_n which_o relative_a word_n stand_v for_o be_v often_o clear_a and_o more_o distinct_a than_o of_o those_o substance_n to_o which_o they_o do_v belong_v the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o a_o father_n or_o brother_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n clear_a and_o more_o distinct_a than_o that_o we_o have_v of_o a_o man_n or_o if_o you_o will_v paternity_n be_v a_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n than_o of_o humanity_n and_o i_o can_v much_o easy_o conceive_v what_o a_o friend_n be_v than_o what_o god._n because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o one_o action_n or_o one_o simple_a idea_n be_v oftentimes_o sufficient_a to_o give_v i_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o relation_n but_o to_o the_o know_v of_o any_o substantial_a be_v a_o accurate_a collection_n of_o sundry_a idea_n be_v necessary_a a_o man_n if_o he_o compare_v two_o thing_n together_o can_v hardly_o be_v suppose_v not_o to_o know_v what_o it_o be_v wherein_o he_o compare_v they_o so_o that_o when_o he_o compare_v any_o thing_n together_o he_o can_v but_o have_v a_o very_a clear_a idea_n of_o that_o relation_n the_o idea_n then_o of_o relation_n be_v capable_a at_o least_o of_o be_v more_o perfect_a and_o distinct_a in_o our_o mind_n than_o those_o of_o substance_n because_o it_o be_v common_o hard_a to_o know_v all_o the_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v real_o in_o any_o substance_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n easy_a enough_o to_o know_v the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o any_o relation_n i_o think_v on_o or_o have_v a_o name_n for_o v_o g._n compare_v two_o man_n in_o reference_n to_o one_o common_a parent_n it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o frame_v the_o idea_n of_o brother_n without_o have_v yet_o the_o perfect_a idea_n of_o a_o man._n for_o significant_a relative_a word_n as_o well_o as_o other_o stand_v only_o for_o idea_n and_o those_o be_v all_o either_o simple_a or_o make_v up_o of_o simple_a one_o it_o suffice_v for_o the_o know_v the_o precise_a idea_n the_o relative_a term_n stand_v for_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a conception_n of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o may_v be_v do_v without_o have_v a_o perfect_a and_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v attribute_v to_o thus_o have_v the_o notion_n that_o one_o lay_v the_o egg_n out_o of_o which_o the_o other_o be_v hatch_v i_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o dam_n and_o chick_n between_o the_o two_o cassiowary_n in_o st._n james_n park_n though_o perhaps_o i_o have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a and_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o those_o bird_n themselves_o §_o 9_o three_o though_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o consideration_n wherein_o thing_n may_v be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o and_o so_o a_o multitude_n of_o relation_n yet_o they_o all_o terminate_v in_o and_o be_v concern_v about_o thoâ—â—_n simple_a idea_n either_o of_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o whole_a material_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n to_o clear_v this_o i_o shall_v show_v it_o in_o the_o most_o considerable_a relation_n that_o we_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o and_o some_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o remote_a from_o sense_n or_o reflection_n which_o yet_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v their_o idea_n from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o they_o be_v but_o certain_a simple_a idea_n and_o so_o original_o derive_v from_o sense_n or_o reflection_n §_o 10._o four_o that_o relation_n be_v the_o consider_v of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o which_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o word_n that_o necessary_o infer_v and_o lead_v the_o mind_n to_o any_o other_o idea_n than_o be_v suppose_v real_o to_o exist_v in_o that_o thing_n to_o which_o the_o word_n be_v apply_v be_v relative_a word_n v_o g._n a_o man_n black_a merry_a thoughtful_a thirsty_a angry_a extend_v these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v all_o
belong_v though_o neither_o of_o the_o substance_n so_o relate_v be_v destroy_v now_o though_o these_o be_v all_o reciprocal_a as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o contain_v in_o they_o a_o reference_n of_o two_o thing_n one_o to_o the_o other_o yet_o because_o one_o of_o the_o two_o thing_n often_o want_v a_o relative_a name_n import_v that_o reference_n man_n usual_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o and_o the_o relation_n be_v common_o overlooked_a v_o g._n a_o patron_n and_o client_n be_v easy_o allow_v to_o be_v relation_n but_o a_o constable_n or_o dictator_n be_v not_o so_o ready_o at_o first_o hear_v consider_v as_o such_o because_o there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a name_n for_o those_o who_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o dictator_n or_o constable_n express_v a_o relation_n to_o either_o of_o they_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o either_o of_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a power_n over_o some_o other_o and_o so_o be_v so_o far_o relate_v to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o a_o patron_n be_v to_o his_o client_n or_o general_n to_o his_o army_n §_o 4._o four_o there_o be_v another_o fort_n of_o relation_n which_o be_v the_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n man_n voluntary_a action_n have_v to_o a_o rule_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v and_o by_o which_o they_o be_v judge_v of_o which_o i_o think_v may_v be_v call_v moral_a relation_n as_o be_v that_o which_o denominate_v our_o moral_a action_n and_o deserve_v well_o to_o be_v examine_v there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o knowledge_n wherein_o we_o shall_v be_v more_o careful_a to_o get_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o avoid_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v obscurity_n and_o confusion_n (null)_o action_n when_o with_o their_o various_a end_n object_n manner_n and_o circumstance_n they_o be_v frame_v into_o distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n they_o be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v so_o many_o mix_v modes_n a_o great_a part_n whereof_o have_v name_n annex_v to_o they_o thus_o suppose_v gratitude_n to_o be_v a_o readiness_n to_o acknowledge_v and_o return_v kindness_n receive_v polygamy_n to_o be_v the_o have_v more_o wife_n than_o one_o at_o once_o when_o we_o frame_v these_o notion_n thus_o in_o our_o mind_n we_o have_v there_o so_o many_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o concern_v our_o action_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o they_o and_o to_o know_v what_o name_n belong_v to_o such_o and_o such_o combination_n of_o idea_n as_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n belong_v to_o such_o a_o name_n we_o have_v a_o far_o and_o great_a concernment_n and_o that_o be_v to_o know_v whether_o such_o action_n so_o make_v up_o be_v moral_o good_a or_o bad_a §_o 5._o good_a and_o evil_a as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o another_o place_n be_v nothing_o but_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n or_o that_o which_o occasion_n or_o procure_v pleasure_n or_o pain_n to_o we_o moral_o good_a and_o evil_a then_o be_v only_o the_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o voluntary_a action_n to_o some_o law_n whereby_o good_a or_o evil_a be_v draw_v on_o we_o from_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n which_o good_a and_o evil_a pleasure_n or_o pain_n attend_v our_o observance_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v that_o we_o call_v reward_n and_o punishment_n §_o 6._o of_o these_o moral_a rule_n or_o law_n to_o which_o man_n general_o refer_v and_o by_o which_o they_o judge_v of_o the_o rectitude_n or_o pravity_n of_o their_o action_n there_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v three_o sort_n with_o their_o three_o different_a enforcement_n or_o reward_n and_o punishment_n for_o since_o it_o will_v be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o suppose_v a_o rule_n set_v to_o the_o free_a action_n of_o man_n without_o annex_v to_o it_o some_o enforcement_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o determine_v his_o will_n we_o must_v wherever_o we_o suppose_v a_o law_n suppose_v also_o some_o reward_n or_o punishment_n annex_v to_o that_o rule_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o one_o intelligent_a be_v to_o set_v a_o rule_n to_o the_o action_n of_o another_o if_o he_o have_v it_o not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o reward_v and_o punish_v the_o compliance_n with_o or_o deviation_n from_o his_o rule_n by_o some_o good_a and_o evil_a that_o be_v not_o the_o natural_a product_n and_o consequence_n of_o the_o action_n itself_o for_o that_o be_v a_o natural_a convenience_n or_o inconvenience_n will_v operate_v of_o itself_o without_o a_o law_n this_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o all_o law_n proper_o so_o call_v §_o 7._o the_o law_n that_o man_n general_o refer_v their_o action_n to_o to_o judge_v of_o their_o rectitude_n or_o obliquity_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v these_o three_o 1._o the_o divine_a law_n 2._o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o philosophical_a law_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o by_o the_o relation_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o we_o judge_v whether_o our_o action_n be_v sin_n or_o duty_n by_o the_o second_o whether_o they_o be_v criminal_a or_o innocent_a and_o by_o the_o three_o whether_o they_o by_o virtue_n or_o vice_n §_o 8._o first_o that_o god_n have_v give_v a_o law_n to_o mankind_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o body_n so_o brutish_a as_o to_o deny_v he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o we_o be_v his_o creature_n he_o have_v goodness_n and_o wisdom_n to_o direct_v our_o action_n to_o that_o which_o be_v best_a and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o enforce_v by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n of_o infinite_a weight_n and_o duration_n in_o another_o life_n for_o no_o body_n can_v take_v we_o out_o of_o his_o hand_n by_o compare_v they_o to_o this_o law_n it_o be_v that_o man_n judge_v of_o the_o most_o considerable_a moral_a good_a or_o evil_a of_o their_o action_n that_o be_v whether_o as_o duty_n or_o sin_n they_o be_v like_a to_o procure_v they_o happiness_n or_o misery_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a §_o 9_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o rule_n set_v by_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o action_n of_o those_o who_o belong_v to_o it_o be_v another_o rule_n to_o which_o man_n refer_v their_o action_n to_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v criminal_a or_o no._n this_o law_n no_o body_n overlook_v the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n that_o enforce_v it_o be_v ready_a at_o hand_n and_o suitable_a to_o the_o power_n that_o make_v it_o which_o be_v the_o force_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v engage_v to_o protect_v the_o life_n liberty_n and_o possession_n of_o those_o who_o live_v according_a to_o its_o law_n and_o have_v power_n to_o take_v away_o life_n liberty_n or_o good_n from_o he_o who_o disobey_v which_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n commit_v against_o this_o law_n §_o 10._o three_o the_o three_o which_o i_o call_v the_o philosophical_a law_n not_o because_o philosopher_n make_v it_o but_o because_o they_o have_v most_o busy_v themselves_o to_o inquire_v after_o it_o and_o talk_v about_o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n which_o though_o it_o be_v more_o talk_v of_o possible_o than_o either_o of_o the_o other_o yet_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v establish_v with_o such_o authority_n as_o it_o have_v to_o distinguish_v and_o denominate_v the_o action_n of_o man_n and_o what_o be_v the_o true_a measure_n of_o it_o perhaps_o be_v not_o so_o general_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o comprehend_v this_o aright_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o man_n unite_n into_o politic_a society_n though_o they_o have_v resign_v up_o to_o the_o public_a the_o dispose_n of_o all_o their_o force_n so_o that_o they_o can_v employ_v it_o against_o any_o fellow-citizen_n any_o far_a than_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n direct_v yet_o they_o retain_v still_o the_o power_n of_o think_v well_o or_o ill_o approve_v or_o disapprove_v the_o action_n of_o those_o they_o live_v among_o and_o converse_v with_o if_o therefore_o we_o examine_v it_o right_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o measure_n of_o what_o be_v everywhere_o call_v and_o esteem_v virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v this_o approbation_n or_o dislike_n praise_n or_o blame_v which_o by_o a_o secret_a and_o tacit_n consent_v establish_v itself_o in_o the_o several_a society_n tribe_n and_o club_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n whereby_o several_a action_n come_v to_o find_v credit_n or_o disgrace_n among_o they_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n maxim_n or_o fashion_n of_o that_o place_n §_o 11._o that_o this_o be_v the_o common_a measure_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n will_v appear_v to_o any_o one_o who_o consider_v that_o though_o that_o pass_v for_o vice_n in_o one_o country_n which_o be_v count_v a_o virtue_n in_o another_o yet_o everywhere_o virtue_n and_o praise_n vice_n
sempronia_n and_o so_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o notion_n of_o brother_n as_o of_o birth_n and_o perhaps_o clear_a for_o if_o i_o believe_v that_o sempronia_n dig_v titus_n out_o of_o the_o parsley-bed_n as_o they_o use_v to_o tell_v child_n and_o thereby_o become_v his_o mother_n and_o that_o afterward_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n she_o dig_v cajus_n out_o of_o the_o parsley-bed_n i_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o brother_n between_o they_o as_o if_o i_o have_v all_o the_o skill_n of_o a_o midwife_n the_o notion_n that_o the_o same_o woman_n contribute_v as_o mother_n equal_o to_o their_o birth_n though_o i_o be_v ignorant_a or_o mistake_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v that_o on_o which_o i_o ground_v the_o relation_n and_o that_o they_o agree_v in_o that_o circumstance_n of_o birth_n let_v it_o be_v what_o it_o will_n the_o compare_v they_o then_o in_o their_o descent_n from_o the_o same_o person_n without_o know_v the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o that_o descent_n be_v enough_o to_o find_v my_o notion_n of_o their_o have_v or_o not_o have_v the_o relation_n of_o brother_n but_o though_o the_o idea_n of_o particular_a relation_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a in_o the_o mind_n of_o those_o who_o will_v due_o consider_v they_o as_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n and_o more_o determinate_a than_o those_o of_o substance_n yet_o the_o name_n belong_v to_o relation_n be_v often_o of_o as_o doubtful_a and_o incertain_a signification_n as_o those_o of_o substance_n or_o mix_v modes_n and_o much_o more_o than_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n because_o relative_n word_n be_v the_o mark_v of_o this_o comparison_n which_o be_v make_v only_o by_o man_n thought_n and_o be_v a_o idea_n only_o in_o man_n mind_n man_n frequent_o apply_v they_o to_o different_a comparison_n of_o thing_n according_a to_o their_o own_o imagination_n which_o do_v not_o always_o correspond_v with_o those_o of_o other_o use_v the_o same_o name_n §_o 20._o three_o that_o in_o these_o i_o call_v moral_a relation_n i_o have_v a_o true_a notion_n of_o relation_n by_o compare_v the_o action_n with_o the_o rule_n whether_o the_o rule_n be_v true_a or_o false_a for_o if_o i_o measure_v any_o thing_n by_o a_o yard_n i_o know_v whether_o the_o thing_n i_o measure_v be_v long_o or_o short_a than_o that_o suppose_a yard_n though_o perhaps_o the_o yard_n i_o measure_v by_o be_v not_o exact_o the_o standard_n which_o indeed_o be_v another_o enquiry_n for_o though_o the_o rule_n be_v erroneous_a and_o i_o mistake_v in_o it_o yet_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o that_o which_o i_o compare_v with_o it_o be_v evident_o know_v by_o i_o wherein_o consist_v my_o knowledge_n of_o relation_n though_o measure_v by_o a_o wrong_a rule_n i_o shall_v thereby_o be_v bring_v to_o judge_v amiss_o of_o its_o moral_a rectitude_n because_o i_o have_v try_v it_o by_o that_o which_o be_v not_o the_o true_a rule_n but_o be_o not_o mistake_v in_o the_o relation_n that_o action_n bear_v to_o that_o rule_n i_o compare_v it_o to_o which_o be_v agreement_n or_o disagreement_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o clear_a and_o obscure_a distinct_a and_o confuse_a idea_n §_o 1._o have_v show_v the_o original_a of_o our_o idea_n and_o consider_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o they_o as_o simple_z and_o complex_n and_o show_v the_o difference_n in_o complex_n one_o betwixt_o those_o of_o modes_n relation_n and_o substance_n all_o which_o i_o think_v be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o one_o who_o will_v acquaint_v himself_o thorough_o with_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o its_o apprehension_n and_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v think_v i_o have_v dwell_v long_o enough_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o idea_n i_o must_v nevertheless_o crave_v leave_n to_o offer_v some_o few_o other_o consideration_n concern_v they_o the_o first_o be_v that_o some_o be_v clear_a and_o other_o obscure_a some_o distinct_a and_o other_o confuse_v §_o 2._o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v most_o apt_o explain_v by_o word_n relate_v to_o the_o sight_n we_o shall_v best_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o clear_a and_o obscure_a in_o our_o idea_n by_o reflect_v on_o what_o we_o call_v clear_a and_o obscure_a in_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n light_o be_v that_o which_o discover_v to_o we_o visible_a object_n we_o give_v the_o name_n of_o obscure_a to_o that_o which_o be_v not_o place_v in_o a_o light_n sufficient_a to_o discover_v minutely_o to_o we_o the_o figure_n and_o colour_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o it_o and_o which_o in_o a_o better_a light_n will_v be_v discernible_a thus_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v clear_a when_o they_o be_v such_o as_o the_o object_n themselves_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v do_v in_o a_o well-ordered_a sensation_n or_o perception_n present_v they_o whilst_o the_o memory_n retain_v they_o thus_o and_o can_v produce_v they_o so_o to_o the_o mind_n whenever_o it_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v they_o they_o be_v clear_a idea_n so_o far_o as_o they_o either_o want_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o original_a exactness_n or_o have_v lose_v any_o of_o their_o first_o freshness_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v fade_v or_o tarnish_v by_o time_n so_o far_o be_v they_o obscure_a complex_fw-la ideas_n as_o they_o be_v make_v up_o of_o simple_a one_o so_o they_o be_v clear_a when_o the_o idea_n that_o go_v to_o their_o composition_n be_v clear_a and_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o those_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v the_o ingredient_n of_o any_o complex_n one_o be_v determinate_a and_o certain_a §_o 3._o the_o cause_n of_o obscurity_n in_o simple_a idea_n seem_v to_o be_v either_o dull_a organ_n or_o very_o slight_a and_o transient_a impression_n make_v by_o the_o object_n or_o else_o a_o weakness_n in_o the_o memory_n not_o able_a to_o retain_v they_o as_o receive_v for_o to_o return_v again_o to_o visible_a object_n to_o help_v we_o to_o apprehend_v this_o matter_n if_o the_o organ_n or_o faculty_n of_o perception_n like_o wax_n over-hardned_n with_o cold_a will_v not_o receive_v the_o impression_n of_o the_o seal_n from_o the_o usual_a impulse_n wont_a to_o imprint_v it_o or_o like_o wax_n of_o a_o temper_n too_o soft_a will_v not_o hold_v it_o well_o when_o well_o imprint_v or_o else_o suppose_v the_o wax_n of_o a_o temper_n fit_a but_o the_o seal_v not_o apply_v with_o a_o sufficient_a force_n to_o make_v a_o clear_a impression_n in_o any_o of_o these_o case_n the_o print_n leave_v by_o the_o seal_n will_v be_v obscure_a this_o i_o suppose_v need_v no_o application_n to_o make_v it_o plain_o §_o 4._o as_o a_o clear_a idea_n be_v that_o whereof_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o full_a and_o evident_a perception_n so_o a_o distinct_a idea_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o mind_n perceive_v a_o difference_n from_o all_o other_o and_o a_o confuse_a idea_n be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v not_o sufficient_o distinguishable_a from_o another_o from_o which_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v different_a §_o 5._o if_o no_o idea_n be_v confuse_v but_o such_o as_o be_v not_o sufficient_o distinguishable_a from_o another_o from_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v different_a it_o will_v be_v hard_a may_v any_o one_o say_v to_o find_v anywhere_o a_o confuse_a idea_n for_o let_v any_o idea_n be_v as_o it_o will_v it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o such_o as_o the_o mind_n perceive_v it_o to_o be_v and_o that_o very_a perception_n sufficient_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o idea_n which_o can_v be_v other_o i_o e._n different_a without_o be_v perceive_v to_o be_v so_o no_o idea_n therefore_o can_v be_v undistinguishable_a from_o another_o from_o which_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v different_a unless_o you_o will_v have_v it_o different_a from_o itself_o for_o from_o all_o other_o it_o be_v evident_o different_a §_o 6._o to_o remove_v this_o difficulty_n and_o to_o help_v we_o to_o conceive_v aright_o what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v the_o confusion_n idea_n be_v at_o any_o time_n chargeable_a with_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o thing_n be_v suppose_v different_a enough_o to_o have_v different_a name_n whereby_o to_o be_v mark_v and_o discourse_v of_o apart_o upon_o any_o occasion_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o different_a name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v for_o different_a thing_n now_o every_o idea_n a_o man_n have_v be_v visible_o what_o it_o be_v and_o distinct_a from_o all_o other_o idea_n but_o itself_o that_o which_o make_v it_o confuse_v be_v when_o it_o be_v such_o that_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v by_o another_o name_n as_o that_o which_o it_o be_v express_v by_o the_o difference_n which_o keep_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v rank_v under_o those_o two_o different_a name_n distinct_a and_o make_v they_o belong_v rather_o
in_o another_o use_n be_v not_o so_o certain_o know_v and_o however_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v we_o well_o enough_o know_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o gold_n or_o iron_n yet_o the_o precise_a complex_fw-la idea_n other_o make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a and_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o in_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n they_o stand_v for_o exact_o the_o same_o collection_n which_o must_v needs_o produce_v mistake_v and_o dispute_v when_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o discourse_n wherein_o man_n have_v to_o do_v with_o universal_a proposition_n and_o will_v settle_v in_o their_o mind_n universal_a truth_n and_o consider_v the_o consequence_n that_o follow_v from_o they_o §_o 19_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o name_n of_o simple_a modes_n be_v next_o to_o simple_a idea_n those_o that_o be_v least_o liable_a to_o doubt_n or_o uncertainty_n especial_o those_o of_o figure_n and_o number_n of_o which_o man_n have_v so_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o among_o they_o those_o that_o be_v least_o compound_v and_o least_o remove_v from_o simple_a one_o who_o ever_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v they_o mistake_v the_o ordinary_a meaning_n of_o seven_o or_o a_o triangle_n §_o 20._o mix_v modes_n also_o that_o be_v make_v up_o but_o of_o a_o few_o and_o obvious_a simple_a idea_n have_v usual_o name_v of_o no_o very_a doubtful_a signification_n but_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n which_o comprehend_v a_o great_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v common_o of_o a_o very_a doubtful_a and_o undetermined_a signification_n as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v annex_v to_o idea_n that_o be_v neither_o the_o real_a essence_n nor_o exact_a representation_n of_o the_o pattern_n they_o be_v refer_v to_o be_v liable_a yet_o to_o great_a imperfection_n and_o uncertainty_n especial_o when_o we_o come_v to_o a_o philosophical_a use_n of_o they_o §_o 21._o the_o great_a disorder_n that_o happen_v in_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n proceed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o our_o want_n of_o knowledge_n and_o inability_n to_o penetrate_v into_o their_o real_a constitution_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v wonder_v why_o i_o charge_v this_o as_o a_o imperfection_n rather_o upon_o our_o word_n than_o understanding_n this_o exception_n have_v so_o much_o appearance_n of_o justice_n that_o i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v follow_v this_o method_n i_o must_v confess_v then_o that_o when_o i_o first_o begin_v this_o discourse_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o a_o good_a while_n after_o i_o have_v not_o the_o least_o thought_n that_o any_o consideration_n of_o word_n be_v at_o all_o necessary_a to_o it_o but_o when_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o original_a and_o composition_n of_o our_o idea_n i_o begin_v to_o examine_v the_o extent_n and_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n i_o find_v it_o have_v so_o near_o a_o connexion_n with_o word_n that_o unless_o their_o force_n and_o manner_n of_o signification_n be_v first_o well_o observe_v there_o can_v be_v very_o little_o say_v clear_o and_o pertinent_o concern_v knowledge_n which_o be_v conversant_a about_o truth_n have_v constant_o to_o do_v with_o proposition_n and_o though_o it_o terminate_v in_o thing_n yet_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o much_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o word_n that_o they_o seem_v scarce_o separable_a from_o our_o general_a knowledge_n at_o least_o they_o interpose_v themselves_o so_o much_o between_o our_o understanding_n and_o the_o truth_n it_o will_v contemplate_v and_o apprehend_v that_o like_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o visible_a object_n pass_v their_o obscurity_n and_o disorder_n do_v not_o seldom_o cast_v a_o mist_n before_o our_o eye_n and_o impose_v upon_o our_o understanding_n if_o we_o consider_v in_o the_o fallacy_n man_n put_v upon_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o the_o mistake_v in_o man_n dispute_n and_o notion_n how_o great_a a_o part_n be_v owe_v to_o word_n and_o their_o uncertain_a or_o mistake_v signification_n we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o think_v this_o no_o small_a obstacle_n in_o the_o way_n to_o knowledge_n which_o i_o conclude_v we_o be_v the_o more_o careful_a to_o be_v warn_v of_o because_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o a_o inconvenience_n that_o the_o art_n of_o improve_n it_o have_v be_v make_v the_o business_n of_o man_n study_n and_o attain_v the_o reputation_n of_o learning_n and_o subtilty_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o imagine_v that_o be_v the_o imperfection_n of_o language_n as_o the_o instrument_n of_o knowledge_n more_o thorough_o weigh_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o controversy_n that_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n will_v of_o themselves_o cease_v and_o the_o way_n to_o knowledge_n and_o perhaps_o peace_n too_o lie_v a_o great_a deal_n opener_n than_o it_o do_v §_o 22._o sure_o i_o be_o that_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o all_o language_n depend_v very_o much_o on_o the_o thought_n notion_n and_o idea_n of_o he_o that_o use_v they_o must_v unavoidable_o be_v of_o great_a uncertainty_n to_o man_n of_o the_o same_o language_n and_o country_n this_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o the_o greek_a author_n that_o he_o that_o shall_v peruse_v their_o write_n will_v find_v in_o almost_o every_o one_o of_o they_o a_o distinct_a language_n though_o the_o same_o word_n but_o when_o to_o this_o natural_a difficulty_n in_o every_o country_n there_o shall_v be_v add_v different_a country_n and_o remote_a age_n wherein_o the_o speaker_n and_o writer_n have_v very_o different_a notion_n temper_n custom_n ornament_n and_o figure_n of_o speech_n etc._n etc._n every_o one_o of_o which_o influence_v the_o signification_n of_o their_o word_n then_o though_o to_o we_o now_o they_o be_v lose_v and_o unknown_a it_o will_v become_v we_o to_o be_v charitable_a one_o to_o another_o in_o our_o interpretation_n or_o misunderstanding_n of_o those_o ancient_a write_n which_o though_o of_o great_a concernment_n to_o we_o to_o be_v understand_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o unavoidable_a difficulty_n of_o speech_n which_o if_o we_o except_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o some_o very_a obvious_a thing_n be_v not_o capable_a without_o a_o constant_a define_v the_o term_n of_o convey_v the_o sense_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n without_o any_o manner_n of_o doubt_n and_o uncertainty_n to_o the_o hearer_n and_o in_o discourse_n of_o religion_n law_n and_o morality_n as_o they_o be_v matter_n of_o the_o high_a concernment_n so_o there_o will_v be_v the_o great_a difficulty_n §_o 23._o the_o volume_n of_o interpreter_n and_o commentator_n on_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n be_v but_o too_o manifest_a proof_n of_o this_o though_o every_o thing_n say_v in_o the_o text_n be_v infallible_o true_a yet_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v nay_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v very_o fallible_a in_o the_o understanding_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o the_o will_n of_o god_n when_o clothe_v in_o word_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o that_o doubt_n and_o uncertainty_n which_o unavoidable_o attend_v that_o sort_n of_o conveyance_n when_o even_o his_o son_n whilst_o clothe_v in_o flesh_n be_v subject_a to_o all_o the_o frailty_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o (null)_o nature_n sin_n except_v and_o we_o ought_v to_o magnify_v his_o goodness_n that_o he_o have_v spread_v before_o all_o the_o world_n such_o legible_a character_n of_o his_o work_n and_o providence_n and_o give_v all_o mankind_n so_o sufficient_a a_o light_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o to_o who_o this_o write_a word_n never_o come_v can_v not_o whenever_o they_o set_v themselves_o to_o search_v either_o doubt_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o the_o obedience_n due_a to_o he_o since_o then_o the_o precept_n of_o natural_a religion_n be_v plain_a and_o very_o intelligible_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o seldom_o come_v to_o be_v controvert_v and_o other_o reveal_v truth_n which_o be_v convey_v to_o we_o by_o book_n and_o language_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o common_a and_o natural_a obscurity_n and_o difficulty_n incident_a to_o word_n methinks_v it_o will_v become_v we_o to_o be_v more_o careful_a and_o diligent_a in_o observe_v the_o former_a and_o less_o magisterial_a positive_a and_o imperious_a in_o impose_v our_o own_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o latter_a chap._n x._o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n §_o 1._o beside_o the_o imperfection_n that_o be_v natural_o in_o language_n and_o the_o obscurity_n and_o confusion_n that_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v avoid_v in_o the_o use_n of_o word_n there_o be_v several_a wilful_a fault_n and_o neglect_v which_o man_n be_v guilty_a of_o in_o thâ—â—_n way_n of_o communication_n whereby_o they_o render_v these_o sign_n less_o clear_a and_o
distinct_a in_o their_o signification_n than_o natural_o they_o need_v to_o be_v §_o 2._o first_o in_o this_o kind_n the_o first_o and_o most_o palpable_a abuse_n be_v the_o use_n of_o word_n without_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n or_o which_o be_v worse_o sign_n without_o any_o thing_n signify_v of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n i._n one_o may_v observe_v in_o all_o language_n certain_a word_n that_o if_o they_o be_v examine_v will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o first_o original_a and_o their_o appropriate_v use_v not_o to_o stand_v for_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o several_a sect_n of_o philosophy_n and_o religion_n have_v introduce_v for_o their_o author_n or_o promoter_n either_o affect_v something_o singular_a and_o out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o common_a apprehension_n or_o to_o support_v some_o strange_a opinion_n or_o cover_v some_o weakness_n of_o their_o hypothesis_n seldom_o fail_v to_o coin_v new_a word_n and_o such_o as_o when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v examine_v may_v just_o be_v call_v insignificant_a term_n for_o have_v either_o have_v no_o determinable_a collection_n of_o idea_n annex_v to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v first_o invent_v or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o if_o well_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v inconsistent_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o afterward_o in_o the_o vulgar_a use_n of_o the_o same_o party_n they_o remain_v empty_a sound_n with_o little_a or_o no_o signification_n among_o those_o who_o think_v it_o enough_o to_o have_v they_o often_o in_o their_o mouth_n as_o the_o distinguish_a character_n of_o their_o church_n or_o school_n without_o much_o trouble_v their_o head_n to_o examine_v what_o be_v the_o precise_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v here_o to_o heap_v up_o instance_n every_o one_o read_v and_o conversation_n will_v sufficient_o furnish_v he_o or_o if_o he_o want_v to_o be_v better_o store_v the_o great_a mint-master_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o term_n i_o mean_v the_o schoolman_n and_o metaphysician_n under_o which_o i_o think_v the_o dispute_v natural_a and_o moral_a philosopher_n of_o these_o latter_a age_n may_v be_v comprehend_v have_v wherewithal_o abundant_o to_o content_v he_o §_o 3._o ii_o other_o there_o be_v who_o extend_v this_o abuse_n yet_o far_o who_o take_v so_o little_a careâ—_n to_o lay_v by_o word_n which_o in_o their_o primary_n notation_n have_v scarce_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o be_v annex_v to_o that_o by_o a_o unpardonable_a negligence_n they_o familiar_o use_v word_n which_o the_o propriety_n of_o language_n have_v affix_v to_o very_o important_a idea_n they_o use_v they_o i_o say_v without_o any_o distinct_a meaning_n at_o all_o wisdom_n glory_n grace_n etc._n etc._n be_v word_n frequent_a enough_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n but_o if_o a_o great_a many_o of_o those_o who_o use_v they_o shall_v be_v ask_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o they_o they_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v a_o plain_a proof_n that_o though_o they_o have_v learn_v those_o sound_n and_o have_v they_o ready_a at_o their_o tongue_n end_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n lay_v up_o in_o their_o mind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v to_o other_o by_o they_o §_o 4._o man_n have_v be_v accustom_v from_o their_o cradle_n to_o learn_v word_n which_o be_v easy_o get_v and_o retain_v before_o they_o know_v or_o have_v frame_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o they_o be_v annex_v or_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v think_v to_o stand_v for_o they_o usual_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o all_o their_o life_n and_o without_o take_v the_o pain_n necessary_a to_o settle_v in_o their_o mind_n clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o use_v their_o word_n for_o such_o unsteady_a and_o confuse_a notion_n as_o they_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o same_o word_n other_o people_n use_v as_o if_o their_o very_a sound_n necessary_o carry_v with_o it_o constant_o the_o same_o meaning_n this_o though_o man_n make_v a_o shift_n with_o in_o their_o ordinary_a occurrence_n of_o liâ—e_z where_o they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v and_o therefore_o they_o make_v sign_n till_o they_o be_v so_o yet_o this_o insignificancy_n in_o their_o word_n when_o they_o come_v to_o reason_n concern_v either_o their_o tenant_n or_o interest_n manifest_o fill_v their_o discourse_n with_o abundance_n of_o empty_a unintelligible_a noise_n and_o jargon_fw-la especial_o in_o moral_a matter_n where_o the_o word_n for_o the_o most_o part_n stand_v â—or_a arbitrary_a and_o numerous_a collection_n of_o idea_n not_o regular_o and_o permanent_o unite_v in_o nature_n their_o bare_a sound_n be_v often_o only_o think_v on_o or_o at_o least_o very_a obscure_a and_o uncertain_a notion_n annex_v to_o themâ—_n man_n take_v the_o word_n they_o find_v in_o use_n among_o their_o neighbour_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o seem_v ignorant_a what_o they_o stand_v for_o use_v they_o confident_o without_o much_o trouble_v their_o head_n about_o a_o certain_a fix_a meaning_n whereby_o beside_o the_o ease_n of_o it_o they_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n that_o as_o in_o such_o discourse_n they_o seldom_o be_v in_o the_o right_n so_o they_o be_v as_o seldom_o to_o be_v convince_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o go_v about_o to_o draw_v those_o man_n out_o of_o their_o mistake_v who_o have_v no_o settle_a notion_n as_o to_o dispossess_v a_o vagrant_a of_o his_o habitation_n who_o have_v no_o settle_a abode_n this_o i_o guess_v to_o be_v so_o and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o himself_o and_o other_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o no._n §_o 5._o second_o another_o great_a abuse_n of_o word_n be_v inconstancy_n in_o the_o use_n of_o they_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v a_o discourse_n write_v of_o any_o subject_a especial_o of_o controversy_n wherein_o one_o shall_v not_o observe_v if_o he_o read_v with_o attention_n the_o same_o word_n and_o those_o common_o the_o most_o material_a in_o the_o discourse_n and_o upon_o which_o the_o argument_n turn_v use_v sometime_o for_o one_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o which_o be_v a_o perfect_a abuse_n of_o language_n word_n be_v intend_v for_o sign_n of_o my_o idea_n to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o other_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a signification_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a imposition_n it_o be_v plain_a cheat_n and_o abuse_v when_o i_o make_v they_o stand_v sometime_o for_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o the_o wilful_a do_v whereof_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o nothing_o but_o great_a folly_n or_o great_a dishonesty_n and_o a_o man_n in_o his_o account_n with_o another_o may_v with_o as_o much_o fairness_n make_v the_o character_n of_o number_n stand_v sometime_o for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o collection_n of_o unite_v v_o g._n this_o character_n 3_o stand_v sometime_o for_o three_o sometime_o for_o four_o and_o sometime_o for_o eight_o as_o in_o his_o discourse_n or_o reason_v make_v the_o same_o word_n stand_v for_o different_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n if_o man_n shall_v do_v so_o in_o their_o reckon_n i_o wonder_v who_o will_v have_v to_o do_v with_o they_o one_o who_o shall_v speak_v thus_o in_o the_o affair_n and_o business_n in_o the_o world_n and_o call_v 8_o sometime_o seven_o sometime_o nine_o as_o best_a serve_v his_o advantage_n will_v present_o have_v clap_v upon_o he_o one_o of_o the_o two_o name_n man_n constant_o be_v disgu_v with_o and_o yet_o in_o arguing_n and_o learned_a contest_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o proceed_v pass_v common_o for_o wit_n and_o learning_n but_o yet_o to_o i_o it_o appear_v a_o great_a dishonesty_n than_o the_o misplace_n of_o counter_n in_o the_o cast_n up_o a_o debt_n and_o the_o cheat_v the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o truth_n be_v of_o great_a concernment_n and_o value_n than_o money_n §_o 6._o three_o another_o abuse_n of_o language_n be_v a_o affect_a obscurity_n by_o either_o apply_v old_a word_n to_o new_a and_o unusual_a signification_n or_o introduce_v new_a and_o ambiguous_a term_n without_o define_v either_o or_o else_o put_v they_o so_o together_o as_o may_v confound_v their_o ordinary_a meaning_n though_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n have_v be_v most_o eminent_a in_o this_o way_n yet_o other_o sect_n have_v not_o be_v whole_o clear_a of_o it_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o of_o they_o that_o be_v not_o cumber_v with_o some_o difficulty_n such_o be_v the_o imperfection_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n which_o they_o have_v be_v fain_o to_o cover_v with_o obscurity_n of_o term_n and_o to_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n which_o like_o a_o mist_n before_o people_n eye_n may_v hinder_v their_o weak_a part_n from_o be_v discover_v that_o body_n and_o extension_n
precise_a essence_n according_a to_o which_o nature_n make_v all_o particular_a thing_n and_o by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v into_o species_n that_o every_o thing_n have_v a_o real_a constitution_n whereby_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o on_o which_o its_o sensible_a quality_n depend_v be_v past_a doubt_n but_o i_o think_v it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o this_o make_v not_o the_o distinction_n of_o species_n as_o we_o rank_v they_o nor_o the_o boundary_n of_o their_o name_n second_o this_o tacit_o also_o insinuate_v as_o if_o we_o have_v idea_n of_o these_o propose_a essence_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v it_o to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o or_o that_o thing_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n man_n if_o we_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o specific_a essence_n know_v which_o yet_o be_v utter_o false_a and_o therefore_o such_o application_n of_o name_n as_o will_v make_v they_o stand_v for_o idea_n we_o have_v not_o must_v needs_o cause_v great_a disorder_n in_o discourse_n and_o reason_n about_o they_o and_o be_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o our_o communication_n by_o word_n §_o 22._o six_o there_o remain_v yet_o another_o more_o general_a though_o perhaps_o less_o observe_v abuse_n of_o word_n and_o that_o be_v that_o man_n have_v by_o a_o long_a and_o familiar_a use_n annex_v to_o they_o certain_a idea_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v so_o near_o and_o necessary_a a_o connexion_n between_o the_o name_n and_o the_o signification_n they_o use_v in_o they_o that_o they_o forward_o suppose_v one_o can_v but_o understand_v what_o their_o meaning_n be_v and_o therefore_o one_o ought_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o word_n deliver_v as_o if_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n that_o in_o the_o use_n of_o those_o common_a receive_a sound_n the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n have_v necessary_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n whence_o presume_v that_o when_o they_o have_v in_o discourse_n use_v any_o term_n they_o have_v thereby_o as_o it_o be_v set_v before_o other_o the_o very_a thing_n they_o talk_v of_o and_o so_o likewise_o take_v the_o word_n of_o other_o as_o natural_o stand_v for_o just_a what_o they_o themselves_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o apply_v they_o to_o they_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o explain_v their_o own_o or_o understand_v clear_o other_o meaning_n from_o whence_o common_o proceed_v noise_n and_o wrangle_a without_o improvement_n or_o information_n whilst_o man_n take_v word_n to_o be_v the_o constant_a regular_a mark_n of_o agree_v notion_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o voluntary_a and_o unsteady_a sign_n of_o their_o own_o idea_n and_o yet_o man_n think_v it_o strange_a if_o in_o discourse_n or_o where_o it_o be_v often_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o dispute_n one_o sometime_o ask_v the_o meaning_n of_o their_o term_n though_o the_o arguing_n one_o may_v every_o day_n observe_v in_o conversation_n make_v it_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v few_o name_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o any_o two_o man_n use_v for_o the_o same_o just_a precise_a collection_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o name_v a_o word_n which_o will_v not_o be_v a_o clear_a instance_n of_o this_o life_n be_v a_o term_n none_o more_o familiar_a any_o one_o almost_o will_v take_v it_o for_o a_o affront_n to_o be_v ask_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o and_o yet_o if_o it_o come_v in_o question_n whether_o a_o plant_n that_o lie_v ready_a form_v in_o the_o seed_n have_v life_n whether_o the_o embryo_n in_o a_o egg_n before_o incubation_n or_o a_o man_n in_o a_o swoon_n without_o sense_n or_o motion_n be_v alive_a or_o no_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v that_o a_o câ—ear_v distinct_a settle_a idea_n do_v not_o always_o accompany_v the_o use_n of_o so_o know_v a_o word_n as_o that_o of_o life_n be_v some_o gross_a and_o confuse_a conception_n man_n indeed_o ordinary_o have_v to_o which_o they_o apply_v the_o common_a word_n of_o their_o language_n and_o that_o serve_v they_o well_o enough_o in_o their_o ordinary_a discourse_n and_o affair_n but_o this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o philosophical_a inquiry_n knowledge_n and_o reason_v require_v precise_a determinate_a idea_n and_o though_o man_n will_v not_o not_o be_v so_o importunate_o dull_a as_o not_o to_o understand_v what_o other_o say_v without_o demand_v a_o explication_n of_o their_o term_n nor_o so_o troublesome_o critical_a as_o to_o correct_v other_o in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o yet_o where_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o case_n i_o know_v not_o what_o fault_n it_o can_v be_v to_o desire_v the_o explication_n of_o word_n who_o sense_n seem_v dubious_a or_o why_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v ashamed_a to_o own_o his_o ignorance_n in_o what_o sense_n another_o man_n use_v his_o word_n since_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n of_o certain_o know_v it_o but_o by_o be_v inform_v this_o abuse_n of_o take_v word_n upon_o trust_n have_v no_o where_o spread_v so_o far_o nor_o with_o so_o ill_a effect_n as_o among_o man_n of_o letter_n the_o multiplication_n and_o obstinacy_n of_o dispute_n which_o have_v so_o lay_v waste_v the_o intellectual_a world_n be_v owe_v to_o nothing_o more_o than_o to_o this_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n for_o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o opinion_n in_o the_o volume_n and_o variety_n of_o controversy_n the_o world_n be_v distract_v with_o yet_o the_o most_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o contend_v learned_a man_n of_o different_a party_n do_v in_o their_o arguing_n one_o with_o another_o be_v that_o they_o speak_v different_a language_n for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o imagine_v that_o when_o any_o of_o they_o quit_v term_n think_v upon_o thing_n and_o know_v what_o they_o think_v they_o think_v all_o the_o same_o though_o perhaps_o what_o they_o will_v have_v be_v different_a §_o 23._o to_o conclude_v this_o consideration_n of_o the_o imperfection_n and_o abuse_v oâ—_n language_n the_o end_n of_o language_n in_o our_o discourse_n with_o other_o be_v chief_o these_o three_o first_o to_o make_v know_v one_o man_n thought_n or_o idea_n to_o another_o second_o to_o do_v it_o with_o as_o much_o ease_n and_o quickness_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o three_o thereby_o to_o convey_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n language_n be_v either_o abuse_v or_o deficient_a when_o it_o fail_v in_o any_o of_o these_o three_o first_o word_n fail_v in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o end_n and_o lay_v not_o open_a one_o man_n idea_n to_o another_o view_n first_o when_o man_n have_v name_n in_o their_o mouth_n without_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o their_o mind_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o signsâ—_n or_o second_o when_o they_o apply_v the_o common_a receive_v name_n of_o any_o language_n to_o idea_n to_o which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o that_o language_n do_v not_o apply_v they_o or_o three_o when_o they_o apply_v they_o very_o unsteady_o make_v they_o stand_v now_o for_o one_o and_o by_o and_o by_o for_o another_o idea_n §_o 24._o second_o man_n fail_v of_o convey_v their_o thought_n with_o all_o the_o quickness_n and_o ease_n that_o may_v be_v when_o they_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o have_v distinct_a name_n for_o they_o this_o be_v sometime_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o language_n itself_o which_o have_v not_o in_o it_o a_o sound_v yet_o apply_v to_o such_o a_o signification_n and_o sometime_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o man_n who_o have_v not_o yet_o learned_a the_o name_n for_o the_o idea_n he_o will_v show_v another_o §_o 25._o three_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n convey_v by_o man_n word_n when_o their_o idea_n agree_v not_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n that_o have_v its_o original_a in_o our_o idea_n which_o be_v not_o so_o conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o attention_n study_n and_o application_n may_v make_v they_o yet_o it_o fail_v not_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o our_o word_n too_o when_o we_o use_v they_o as_o sign_n of_o real_a being_n which_o yet_o never_o have_v any_o reality_n or_o existence_n §_o 26._o first_o he_o that_o have_v word_n of_o any_o language_n without_o distinct_a idea_n in_o his_o mind_n to_o which_o he_o apply_v they_o do_v so_o far_o as_o he_o use_v they_o in_o discourse_n only_o make_v a_o noise_n without_o any_o sense_n or_o signification_n and_o how_o learned_a soever_o he_o may_v seem_v by_o the_o use_n of_o hard_a word_n or_o learned_a term_n be_v not_o much_o more_o advance_v thereby_o in_o knowledge_n than_o he_o will_v be_v in_o learning_n who_o have_v nothing_o in_o his_o study_n but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o book_n without_o possess_v the_o content_n of_o they_o for_o all_o such_o word_n however_o put_v into_o discourse_n according_a to_o the_o
the_o term_n they_o be_v make_v in_o be_v define_v and_o reduce_v in_o their_o signification_n as_o they_o must_v be_v where_o they_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o simple_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o those_o dispute_n will_v not_o end_v of_o themselves_o and_o immediate_o vanish_v i_o leave_v it_o then_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o the_o learning_n of_o disputation_n be_v and_o how_o well_o they_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o advantage_n of_o themselves_o or_o other_o who_o business_n be_v only_o the_o vain_a ostentation_n of_o sound_n i_o e._n those_o who_o spend_v their_o life_n in_o dispute_n and_o controversy_n when_o i_o shall_v see_v any_o of_o those_o combatant_n strip_v all_o his_o term_n of_o ambiguity_n and_o obscurity_n which_o every_o one_o may_v do_v in_o the_o word_n he_o use_v himself_o as_o far_o as_o he_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n to_o which_o he_o apply_v they_o i_o shall_v think_v he_o a_o champion_n for_o knowledge_n truth_n and_o peace_n and_o not_o the_o slave_n of_o vainglory_n ambition_n or_o a_o party_n §_o 8._o to_o remedy_v the_o defect_n of_o speech_n beforementioned_a to_o some_o degree_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o follow_v from_o they_o i_o imagine_v the_o observation_n of_o these_o follow_a rule_n may_v be_v of_o use_n till_o some_o body_n better_o able_a shall_v judge_v it_o worth_a his_o while_n to_o think_v more_o mature_o on_o this_o matter_n and_o oblige_v the_o world_n with_o his_o thought_n on_o it_o first_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v care_n to_o use_v no_o word_n without_o a_o signification_n no_o name_n without_o a_o idea_n for_o which_o he_o make_v it_o stand_v this_o rule_n will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o needless_a to_o any_o one_o who_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o recollect_v how_o often_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o such_o word_n as_o instinct_n sympathy_n and_o antipathy_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o other_o so_o make_v use_v of_o as_o he_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o those_o that_o use_v they_o have_v no_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n to_o which_o they_o apply_v they_o but_o speak_v they_o only_o as_o sound_n which_o usual_o serve_v instead_o of_o reason_n on_o the_o like_a occasion_n not_o but_o that_o these_o word_n and_o the_o like_a have_v and_o may_v be_v use_v in_o very_o proper_a significationsâ—_n but_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a connexion_n between_o any_o word_n and_o any_o idea_n these_o and_o any_o other_o may_v be_v learn_v by_o rote_n and_o pronounce_v or_o write_v by_o man_n who_o have_v no_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n to_o which_o they_o have_v annex_v they_o and_o for_o which_o they_o make_v they_o stand_v which_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v if_o man_n shall_v speak_v intelligible_o even_o to_o themselves_o alone_o §_o 9_o second_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o a_o man_n use_v his_o word_n as_o sign_n of_o some_o idea_n those_o idea_n he_o annex_v they_o to_o must_v be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a which_o in_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v the_o know_v the_o particular_a one_o that_o make_v that_o composition_n of_o which_o if_o any_o one_o be_v again_o complex_fw-la it_o be_v the_o know_a also_o the_o precise_a collection_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o each_o and_o so_o till_o we_o come_v to_o simple_a one_o this_o be_v very_o necessary_a in_o name_n of_o modes_n and_o especial_o moral_a word_n which_o have_v no_o settle_v object_n in_o nature_n from_o whence_o their_o idea_n be_v take_v as_o from_o their_o original_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v very_o confuse_v justice_n be_v a_o word_n in_o every_o man_n mouth_n but_o most_o common_o with_o a_o very_a undetermined_a loose_a signification_n which_o will_v always_o be_v so_o unless_o a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o mind_n a_o distinct_a comprehension_n of_o the_o component_a part_n that_o complex_fw-la idea_n consist_v of_o and_o if_o it_o be_v decompound_v must_v be_v able_a to_o resolve_v it_o still_o on_o till_o he_o at_o last_o come_v to_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v it_o up_o and_o unless_o this_o be_v do_v a_o man_n make_v a_o ill_a use_n of_o the_o word_n let_v it_o be_v justice_n for_o example_n or_o any_o other_o i_o do_v not_o say_v a_o man_n needs_o stand_v to_o recollect_v and_o make_v this_o analysis_n at_o large_a every_o time_n the_o word_n justice_n come_v in_o his_o way_n but_o this_o at_o least_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o have_v so_o examine_v the_o signification_n of_o that_o name_n and_o settle_v the_o idea_n of_o all_o its_o part_n in_o his_o mind_n that_o he_o can_v do_v it_o when_o he_o please_v if_o one_o who_o make_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o justice_n to_o be_v such_o a_o treatment_n of_o the_o person_n or_o good_n of_o another_o as_o be_v according_a to_o law_n have_v not_o a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n what_o law_n be_v which_o make_v a_o part_n of_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o justice_n it_o be_v plain_a his_o idea_n of_o justice_n itself_o will_v be_v confuse_v and_o imperfect_a this_o exactness_n will_v perhaps_o be_v judge_v very_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o most_o man_n will_v think_v they_o may_v be_v excuse_v from_o settle_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n so_o precise_o in_o their_o mind_n but_o yet_o i_o must_v say_v till_o this_o be_v do_v it_o must_v not_o be_v wonder_v they_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o obscurity_n and_o confusion_n in_o their_o own_o mind_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o wrangle_v in_o their_o discourse_n with_o other_o §_o 10._o in_o substance_n something_o more_o be_v require_v than_o the_o distinct_a idea_n their_o name_n stand_v for_o they_o must_v also_o be_v conformable_a to_o thing_n as_o they_o exist_v but_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o this_o exactness_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a in_o inquiry_n after_o philosophical_a knowledge_n and_o controversy_n about_o truth_n and_o though_o it_o will_v be_v well_o too_o if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o common_a conversation_n and_o the_o ordinary_a affair_n of_o life_n yet_o i_o think_v that_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v expect_v vulgar_a notion_n suit_v vulgar_a discourse_n and_o both_o though_o confuse_a enough_o yet_o serve_v pretty_a well_o the_o market_n and_o the_o wake_n merchant_n and_o lover_n cook_n and_o tailor_n have_v word_n wherewithal_o to_o dispatch_v their_o ordinary_a affair_n and_o so_o i_o think_v may_v philosopher_n and_o disputant_n too_o if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v and_o to_o be_v clear_o understand_v §_o 11._o three_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o man_n have_v idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n for_o which_o they_o make_v these_o sign_n stand_v but_o they_o must_v also_o take_v care_n to_o apply_v their_o word_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o such_o idea_n as_o common_a use_n have_v annex_v they_o to_o for_o word_n especial_o of_o language_n already_o frame_v be_v no_o man_n be_v private_a possession_n but_o the_o common_a measure_n of_o commerce_n and_o communication_n it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o one_o at_o pleasure_n to_o change_v the_o stamp_n they_o be_v current_n in_o nor_o alter_v the_o idea_n they_o be_v affix_v to_o or_o at_o least_o when_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o do_v so_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o man_n intention_n in_o speak_v be_v or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v which_o can_v be_v without_o the_o frequent_a explanation_n demand_n and_o other_o the_o like_o incommodious_a interruption_n where_o man_n do_v not_o follow_v common_a use._n propriety_n of_o speech_n be_v that_o which_o give_v our_o thought_n entrance_n into_o other_o man_n mind_n with_o the_o great_a ease_n and_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o deserve_v some_o part_n of_o our_o care_n and_o study_n especial_o in_o the_o name_n of_o moral_a word_n who_o proper_a use_n be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o those_o who_o in_o their_o write_n and_o discourse_n appear_v to_o have_v have_v the_o clear_a notion_n and_o apply_v to_o they_o their_o term_n with_o the_o best_a choice_n and_o clearness_n this_o way_n of_o use_v a_o man_n word_n according_a to_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o language_n though_o it_o have_v not_o always_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v understand_v yet_o most_o common_o leave_v the_o blame_n of_o it_o on_o he_o who_o be_v so_o unskilful_a in_o the_o language_n he_o speak_v as_o not_o to_o understand_v it_o when_o make_v use_v of_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v §_o 12._o four_o but_o because_o common_a use_n have_v not_o so_o visible_o annex_v any_o signification_n to_o word_n as_o to_o make_v man_n know_v always_o certain_o what_o they_o precise_o stand_v for_o and_o because_o man_n in_o the_o improvement_n of_o their_o knowledge_n come_v to_o have_v idea_n different_a from_o the_o vulgar_a
continuation_n of_o a_o discourse_n or_o the_o pursuit_n of_o a_o argument_n there_o be_v hardly_o room_n to_o digress_v into_o a_o particular_a definition_n as_o often_o as_o a_o man_n vary_v the_o signification_n of_o any_o term_n yet_o the_o import_n of_o the_o discourse_n will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o there_o be_v no_o design_a fallacy_n sufficient_o lead_v candid_a and_o intelligent_a reader_n into_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o where_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o guide_v the_o reader_n there_o it_o concern_v the_o writer_n to_o explain_v his_o meaning_n and_o show_v in_o what_o sense_n he_o there_o use_v that_o term._n book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o since_o the_o mind_n in_o all_o its_o thought_n and_o reason_n have_v no_o other_o immediate_a object_n but_o its_o own_o idea_n which_o it_o alone_o do_v or_o can_v contemplate_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n be_v only_o conversant_a about_o they_o §_o 2._o knowledge_n then_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n and_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n and_o repugnancy_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o this_o alone_a it_o consist_v where_o this_o perception_n be_v there_o be_v knowledge_n and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o there_o though_o we_o may_v fancy_n guess_v or_o believe_v yet_o we_o always_o come_v short_a of_o knowledge_n for_o when_o we_o know_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a what_o do_v we_o else_o but_o perceive_v that_o these_o two_o idea_n do_v not_o agree_v when_o we_o possess_v ourselves_o with_o the_o utmost_a security_n of_o the_o demonstration_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o what_o do_v we_o more_o but_o perceive_v that_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o do_v necessary_o agree_v to_o and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n §_o 3._o but_o to_o understand_v a_o little_a more_o distinct_o wherein_o this_o agreement_n of_o disagreement_n consist_v i_o think_v we_o may_v reduce_v it_o all_o to_o these_o four_o sort_n 1._o identity_n or_o diversity_n 2._o relation_n 3._o coexistence_n or_o necessary_a connexion_n 4._o real_a existence_n §_o 4._o first_o as_o to_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n viz._n identiy_n or_o diversity_n it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o have_v any_o sentiment_n or_o idea_n at_o all_o to_o perceive_v its_o idea_n and_o so_o far_o as_o it_o perceive_v they_o to_o know_v each_o what_o it_o be_v and_o thereby_o also_o to_o perceive_v their_o difference_n and_o that_o one_o be_v not_o another_o this_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o without_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n no_o reason_v no_o imagination_n no_o distinct_a thought_n at_o all_o by_o this_o the_o mind_n clear_o and_o infallible_o perceive_v each_o idea_n to_o agree_v with_o itself_o and_o to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o all_o distinct_a idea_n to_o disagree_v i._n e._n the_o one_o not_o to_o be_v the_o other_o and_o this_o it_o do_v without_o any_o pain_n labour_n or_o deduction_n but_o at_o first_o view_n by_o its_o natural_a power_n of_o perception_n and_o distinction_n and_o though_o man_n of_o art_n have_v reduce_v this_o into_o those_o general_a rule_n what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v for_o ready_a application_n in_o all_o case_n wherein_o there_o may_v be_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o first_o exercise_n of_o this_o faculty_n be_v about_o particular_a idea_n a_o man_n infallible_o know_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o mind_n that_o the_o idea_n he_o call_v white_a and_o round_a be_v the_o very_a idea_n they_o be_v and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o other_o idea_n which_o he_o call_v red_a or_o square_n nor_o can_v any_o maxim_n or_o proposition_n in_o the_o world_n make_v he_o know_v it_o clear_a or_o sure_a than_o he_o do_v before_o or_o without_o any_o such_o general_a rule_n this_o then_o be_v the_o first_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o its_o idea_n which_o it_o always_o perceive_v at_o first_o sight_n and_o if_o there_o ever_o happen_v any_o doubt_n about_o it_o it_o will_v always_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o the_o name_n and_o not_o the_o idea_n themselves_o who_o identity_n and_o diversity_n will_v always_o be_v perceive_v as_o soon_o and_o as_o clear_o as_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v nor_o can_v it_o possible_o be_v otherwise_o §_o 5._o second_o the_o next_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n may_v i_o think_v be_v call_v relative_n and_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o relation_n between_o any_o two_o idea_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o whether_o substance_n modes_n or_o any_o other_o for_o since_o all_o distinct_a idea_n must_v eternal_o be_v know_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o be_v universal_o and_o constant_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o any_o positive_a knowledge_n at_o all_o if_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o relation_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o find_v out_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v one_o with_o another_o in_o several_a way_n the_o mind_n take_v of_o compare_v they_o §_o 6._o three_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o idea_n which_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v employ_v about_o be_v coexistence_n or_o non-co-existence_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a and_o this_o belong_v particular_o to_o substance_n thus_o when_o we_o pronounce_v concern_v gold_n that_o it_o be_v fix_v our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o fixedness_n or_o a_o power_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o fire_n unconsume_v be_v a_o idea_n that_o always_o accompany_v and_o be_v join_v with_o that_o particular_a sort_n of_o yellowness_n weight_n fusibility_n malleableness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n gold_n §_o 7._o four_o the_o four_o and_o last_o sort_n be_v that_o of_o actual_a real_a existence_n agree_v to_o any_o idea_n within_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v i_o suppose_v contain_v all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o for_o all_o the_o inquiry_n that_o we_o can_v make_v concern_v any_o of_o our_o idea_n all_o that_o we_o know_v or_o can_v affirm_v concern_v any_o of_o they_o be_v that_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o that_o it_o do_v or_o do_v not_o always_o co-exist_a with_o some_o other_o idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a that_o it_o have_v this_o or_o that_o relation_n to_o some_o other_o idea_n or_o that_o it_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n without_o the_o mind_n thus_o blue_n be_v not_o yellow_a be_v of_o identity_n two_o triangle_n upon_o equal_a basis_n between_o two_o parallel_n be_v equal_a be_v of_o relation_n iron_n be_v susceptible_a of_o magnetical_a impression_n be_v of_o coexistence_n god_n be_v be_v of_o real_a existence_n though_o identity_n and_o coexistence_n be_v true_o nothing_o but_o relation_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o peculiar_a way_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n that_o they_o deserve_v well_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o distinct_a head_n and_o not_o under_o relation_n in_o general_a since_o they_o be_v so_o different_a ground_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n as_o will_v easy_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o be_v say_v in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o essay_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a first_o to_o consider_v the_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n knowledge_n §_o 8._o there_o be_v several_a way_n wherein_o the_o mind_n be_v possess_v of_o truth_n each_o of_o which_o be_v call_v knowledge_n 1._o there_o be_v actual_a knowledge_n which_o be_v the_o present_a view_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n or_o of_o the_o relation_n they_o have_v one_o to_o another_o 2._o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o know_v any_o proposition_n which_o have_v be_v once_o lay_v before_o his_o thought_n he_o evident_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n whereof_o it_o consist_v and_o so_o lodge_v it_o in_o his_o memory_n that_o whenever_o that_o proposition_n come_v again_o to_o be_v reflect_v on_o he_o without_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n embrace_v the_o right_a side_n assent_v to_o and_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o
idea_n that_o shall_v discover_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o other_o and_o to_o apply_v they_o right_o be_v i_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v call_v sagacity_n §_o 4._o this_o knowledge_n by_o intervening_a proof_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a yet_o the_o evidence_n of_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o clear_a and_o bright_a nor_o the_o assent_n so_o ready_a as_o in_o intuitive_a knowledge_n for_o though_o in_o demonstration_n the_o mind_n do_v at_o last_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o consider_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o without_o pain_n and_o attention_n there_o must_v be_v more_o than_o one_o transient_a view_n to_o find_v it_o a_o steady_a application_n and_o pursuit_n be_v require_v to_o this_o discovery_n and_o there_o must_v be_v a_o progression_n by_o step_n and_o degree_n before_o the_o mind_n can_v in_o this_o way_n arrive_v at_o certainty_n and_o come_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o repugnancy_n between_o two_o idea_n that_o need_v proof_n and_o the_o use_v of_o reason_n to_o show_v it_o §_o 5._o another_o difference_n between_o intuitive_a and_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n be_v that_o though_o in_o the_o latter_a all_o doubt_n be_v remove_v when_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v perceive_v yet_o before_o the_o demonstration_n there_o be_v a_o doubt_n which_o in_o intuitive_a knowledge_n can_v happen_v to_o the_o mind_n that_o have_v its_o faculty_n of_o perception_n leave_v to_o a_o degree_n capable_a of_o distinct_a idea_n no_o more_o than_o it_o can_v be_v a_o doubt_n to_o the_o eye_n that_o can_v distinct_o see_v white_a and_o black_a whether_o this_o ink_n and_o this_o paper_n be_v all_o of_o a_o colour_n if_o there_o be_v sight_n in_o the_o eye_n it_o will_v at_o first_o glimpse_n without_o hesitation_n perceive_v the_o word_n print_v on_o this_o paper_n different_a from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o paper_n and_o so_o if_o the_o mind_n have_v the_o faculty_n of_o distinct_a perception_n it_o will_v perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n that_o produce_v intuitive_a knowledge_n if_o the_o eye_n have_v lose_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v or_o the_o mind_n of_o perceive_v we_o in_o vain_a inquire_v after_o the_o quickness_n of_o sight_n in_o one_o or_o clearness_n of_o perception_n in_o the_o other_o §_o 6._o it_o be_v true_a the_o perception_n produce_v by_o demonstration_n be_v also_o very_o clear_a but_o yet_o it_o be_v often_o with_o a_o great_a abatement_n of_o that_o evident_a lustre_n and_o full_a assurance_n that_o always_o accompany_v that_o which_o i_o call_v intuitive_a like_o a_o face_n reflect_v by_o several_a mirror_n one_o to_o another_o where_o as_o long_o as_o it_o retain_v the_o similitude_n and_o agreement_n with_o the_o object_n it_o produce_v a_o knowledge_n but_o it_o be_v still_o every_o reflection_n with_o a_o lessen_v of_o that_o perfect_a clearness_n and_o distinctness_n which_o be_v in_o the_o first_o till_o in_o many_o remove_v it_o have_v a_o great_a mixture_n of_o dimness_n and_o be_v not_o at_o first_o sight_n so_o knowable_a especial_o to_o weak_a eye_n thus_o it_o be_v with_o knowledge_n make_v out_o by_o a_o long_a train_n of_o proof_n §_o 7._o now_o in_o every_o step_n reason_n make_v in_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n there_o be_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n it_o seek_v with_o the_o next_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o it_o use_v as_o a_o proof_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o that_o yet_o will_v need_v a_o proof_n since_o without_o the_o perception_n of_o such_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n produce_v if_o it_o be_v perceive_v by_o itself_o it_o be_v intuitive_a knowledge_n if_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o itself_o there_o be_v need_n of_o some_o intervening_a idea_n as_o a_o common_a measure_n to_o show_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n by_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o every_o step_n in_o reason_v that_o produce_v knowledge_n have_v intuitive_a certainty_n which_o when_o the_o mind_n perceive_v there_o be_v no_o more_o require_v but_o to_o remember_v it_o to_o make_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n concern_v which_o we_o inquire_v visible_a and_o certain_a so_o that_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n a_o demonstration_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o perceive_v the_o immediate_a agreement_n of_o the_o intervening_a idea_n whereby_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o two_o idea_n under_o examination_n where_o the_o one_o be_v always_o the_o first_o and_o the_o other_o the_o last_o in_o the_o account_n be_v find_v this_o intuitive_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n in_o each_o step_n and_o progression_n of_o the_o demonstration_n must_v also_o be_v carry_v exact_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o a_o man_n must_v be_v sure_a that_o no_o part_n be_v leave_v out_o which_o because_o in_o long_a deduction_n and_o the_o use_n of_o many_o proof_n the_o memory_n do_v not_o always_o so_o ready_o and_o exact_o retain_v therefore_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o this_o be_v more_o imperfect_a than_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o man_n embrace_v often_o falsehood_n for_o demonstration_n §_o 8._o the_o necessity_n of_o this_o intuitive_a knowledge_n in_o each_o step_n of_o scientifical_a or_o demonstrative_a reason_v give_v occasion_n i_o imagine_v to_o that_o mistake_a axiom_n that_o all_o reason_v be_v ex_fw-la praecognitis_fw-la &_o praeconcessis_fw-la which_o how_o far_o it_o be_v a_o mistake_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v more_o at_o large_a where_o i_o come_v to_o consider_v proposition_n and_o particular_o those_o proposition_n which_o be_v call_v maxim_n and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v by_o a_o mistake_n that_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o reason_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v not_o only_a mathematics_n or_o the_o idea_n alone_o of_o number_n extension_n and_o figure_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v these_o idea_n alone_o and_o their_o mode_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o intuition_n for_o whatever_o idea_n we_o have_v wherein_o the_o mind_n can_v perceive_v the_o immediate_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n that_o be_v between_o they_o there_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o where_o it_o can_v perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n by_o a_o intuitive_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v with_o any_o intermediate_v idea_n there_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n which_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o idea_n of_o extension_n or_o figure_n or_o number_n or_o their_o modes_n §_o 10._o the_o reason_n why_o it_o have_v be_v general_o seek_v for_o and_o suppose_v to_o be_v only_o in_o those_o i_o imagine_v have_v be_v not_o only_o the_o general_a usefulness_n of_o those_o science_n but_o because_o in_o compare_v their_o equality_n or_o excess_n the_o modes_n of_o number_n have_v every_o the_o least_o difference_n very_o clear_a and_o perceivable_a and_o though_o in_o extension_n every_o the_o least_o excess_n be_v not_o so_o perceptible_a yet_o the_o mind_n have_v find_v out_o way_n to_o examine_v and_o discover_v demonstrative_o the_o just_a equality_n of_o two_o angle_n or_o extension_n or_o figure_n and_o both_o these_o i._n e._n number_n and_o figure_n can_v be_v set_v down_o by_o visible_a and_o last_a mark_n §_o 11._o but_o in_o other_o simple_a idea_n who_o modes_n and_o difference_n be_v make_v and_o count_v by_o degree_n and_o not_o quantity_n we_o have_v not_o so_o nice_a and_o accurate_a a_o distinction_n of_o their_o difference_n as_o to_o perceive_v or_o find_v way_n to_o measure_v their_o just_a equality_n or_o the_o least_o difference_n for_o those_o other_o simple_a idea_n be_v appearance_n or_o sensation_n produce_v in_o we_o by_o the_o size_n figure_n number_n and_o motion_n of_o minute_n corpuscle_n single_o insensible_a their_o different_a degree_n also_o depend_v upon_o the_o variation_n of_o some_o or_o all_o of_o those_o cause_n which_o since_o it_o can_v be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o particle_n of_o matter_n whereof_o each_o be_v too_o subtle_a to_o be_v perceive_v it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o have_v any_o exact_a measure_n of_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o these_o simple_a idea_n for_o suppose_v the_o sensation_n or_o idea_n we_o name_v whiteness_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o globules_n which_o have_v a_o verticity_n about_o their_o own_o centre_n strike_v upon_o the_o retina_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n with_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o rotation_n as_o well_o as_o progressive_a swiftness_n it_o will_v hence_o easy_o follow_v that_o the_o more_o the_o superficial_a part_n of_o any_o body_n be_v so_o
order_v as_o to_o reflect_v the_o great_a number_n of_o globule_n of_o light_n and_o to_o give_v they_o that_o proper_a rotation_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o produce_v this_o sensation_n of_o white_a in_o we_o the_o more_o white_a will_v that_o body_n appear_v that_o from_o a_o equal_a space_n send_v to_o the_o retina_fw-la the_o great_a number_n of_o such_o corpuscle_n with_o that_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o motion_n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n consist_v in_o very_o small_a round_a globule_n nor_o of_o whiteness_n in_o such_o a_o texture_n of_o part_n as_o give_v a_o certain_a rotation_n to_o these_o globule_n when_o it_o reflect_v they_o for_o i_o be_o not_o now_o treat_v physical_o of_o light_n or_o colour_n but_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o i_o can_v and_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a any_o one_o will_v make_v intelligible_a that_o he_o do_v conceive_v how_o body_n without_o we_o can_v any_o way_n affect_v our_o sense_n but_o by_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o the_o sensible_a body_n themselves_o as_o in_o taste_v and_o feel_v or_o the_o impulse_n of_o some_o insensible_a particle_n come_v from_o they_o as_o in_o see_v hear_v and_o smell_a by_o the_o different_a impulse_n of_o which_o part_n cause_v by_o their_o different_a size_n figure_n and_o motion_n the_o variety_n of_o sensation_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o §_o 12._o whether_o then_o they_o be_v globule_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o verticity_n about_o their_o own_o centre_n that_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n in_o we_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o more_o particle_n of_o light_n be_v reflect_v from_o a_o body_n fit_v to_o give_v they_o that_o peculiar_a motion_n which_o produce_v the_o sensation_n of_o whiteness_n in_o we_o and_o possible_o too_o the_o quick_a the_o peculiar_a motion_n be_v the_o white_a do_v the_o body_n appear_v from_o which_o the_o great_a number_n be_v reflect_v as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o paper_n put_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o shade_n and_o in_o a_o dark_a hole_n in_o each_o of_o which_o it_o will_v produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n in_o far_o different_a degree_n §_o 13._o not_o know_v therefore_o what_o number_n of_o particle_n nor_o what_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v fit_a to_o produce_v any_o precise_a degree_n of_o whiteness_n we_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o certain_a equality_n of_o any_o two_o degree_n of_o whiteness_n because_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a standard_n to_o measure_v they_o by_o nor_o mean_n to_o distinguish_v every_o the_o least_o real_a difference_n the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v be_v from_o our_o sense_n which_o in_o this_o point_n fail_v we_o but_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n clear_o distinct_a idea_n who_o difference_n can_v be_v perfect_o retain_v there_o these_o idea_n of_o colour_n as_o we_o see_v in_o different_a kind_n as_o blue_a and_o red_a be_v as_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o idea_n of_o number_n and_o extension_n what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v of_o whiteness_n and_o colour_n i_o think_v hold_v true_a in_o all_o secundary_n quality_n and_o their_o modes_n §_o 14._o these_o two_o viz._n intuition_n and_o demonstration_n be_v the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n whatever_o come_v short_a of_o one_o of_o these_o with_o what_o assurance_n soever_o embrace_v be_v but_o faith_n or_o opinion_n but_o not_o knowledge_n at_o least_o in_o all_o general_a truth_n there_o be_v indeed_o another_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n employ_v about_o the_o particular_a existence_n of_o finite_a being_n without_o we_o which_o go_v beyond_o bare_a probability_n and_o yet_o not_o reach_v perfect_o to_o either_o of_o the_o foregoing_a degree_n of_o certainty_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o knowledge_n there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o external_a object_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n this_o be_v intuitive_a knowledge_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o bare_o that_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n whether_o we_o can_v thence_o certain_o infer_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o correspond_v to_o that_o idea_n be_v that_o whereof_o some_o man_n think_v there_o may_v be_v a_o question_n make_v because_o man_n may_v have_v such_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n when_o no_o such_o thing_n exist_v no_o such_o object_n affect_v their_o sense_n but_o yet_o here_o i_o think_v we_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o evidence_n that_o put_v we_o past_o doubt_v for_o i_o ask_v any_o one_o whether_o he_o be_v not_o invincible_o conscious_a to_o himself_o of_o a_o different_a perception_n when_o he_o look_v on_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n and_o think_v on_o it_o by_o night_n when_o he_o actual_o taste_v wormwood_n or_o smell_v a_o rose_n or_o only_o think_v on_o that_o savour_n or_o odour_n we_o as_o plain_o find_v the_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o any_o idea_n revive_v in_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o own_o memory_n and_o actual_o come_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v between_o any_o two_o distinct_a idea_n if_o any_o one_o say_v a_o dream_n may_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o all_o these_o idea_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o we_o without_o any_o external_a object_n he_o may_v please_v to_o dream_v that_o i_o make_v he_o this_o answer_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n whether_o i_o remove_v his_o scruple_n or_o no_o where_o all_o be_v but_o dream_n reason_v and_o argument_n be_v of_o no_o use_n truth_n and_o knowledge_n nothing_o 2._o that_o i_o believe_v he_o will_v allow_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n between_o dream_v of_o be_v in_o a_o fire_n and_o be_v actual_o in_o it_o but_o yet_o if_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o appear_v so_o sceptical_a as_o to_o maintain_v that_o what_o i_o call_v be_v actual_o in_o the_o fire_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o dream_n and_o that_o we_o can_v thereby_o certain_o know_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n as_o fire_n actual_o exist_v without_o we_o i_o answer_v that_o we_o certain_o find_v that_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n follow_v upon_o the_o application_n of_o certain_a object_n to_o we_o who_o existence_n we_o perceive_v or_o dream_n that_o we_o perceive_v by_o our_o sense_n this_o certainty_n be_v as_o great_a as_o our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n beyond_o which_o we_o have_v no_o concernment_n to_o know_v or_o to_o be_v so_o that_o i_o think_v we_o may_v add_v to_o the_o two_o former_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n this_o also_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o particular_a external_a object_n by_o that_o perception_n and_o consciousness_n we_o have_v of_o the_o actual_a entrance_n of_o idea_n from_o they_o and_o allow_v these_o three_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n viz._n intuitive_a demonstrative_a and_o sensitive_a in_o each_o of_o which_o there_o be_v different_a degree_n and_o way_n of_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n §_o 15._o but_o since_o our_o knowledge_n be_v found_v on_o and_o employ_v about_o only_o our_o idea_n will_v it_o not_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a or_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a our_o knowledge_n will_v be_v so_o too_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v no_o for_o our_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n its_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n consist_v in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o that_o perception_n and_o not_o in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o v_o g._n a_o man_n that_o have_v as_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o of_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o as_o any_o mathematician_n in_o the_o world_n may_v yet_o have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a perception_n of_o their_o agreement_n and_o so_o have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a knowledge_n of_o it_o but_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n can_v never_o produce_v any_o clear_a or_o distinct_a knowledge_n because_o as_o far_o as_o any_o idea_n be_v confuse_v or_o obscure_a so_o far_o the_o mind_n can_v never_o perceive_v clear_o whether_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v say_v lie_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n it_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o first_o we_o can_v have_v knowledge_n no_o far_o than_o we_o have_v idea_n §_o 2._o second_o that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n far_o than_o we_o can_v have_v perception_n of_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o perception_n be_v 1._o either_o by_o intuition_n or_o the_o immediate_a compare_v any_o two_o idea_n or_o 2._o by_o reason_n
it_o may_v be_v go_v over_o more_o than_o once_o without_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o least_o change_n in_o the_o idea_n this_o can_v be_v thus_o do_v in_o moral_a idea_n we_o have_v no_o sensible_a mark_n that_o resemble_v they_o whereby_o we_o can_v set_v they_o down_o we_o have_v nothing_o but_o word_n to_o express_v they_o by_o which_o though_o when_o write_v they_o remain_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o may_v change_v in_o the_o same_o man_n and_o it_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o they_o be_v not_o different_a in_o different_a person_n second_o another_o thing_n that_o make_v the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o ethic_n be_v that_o moral_a idea_n be_v common_o more_o complex_fw-la than_o those_o of_o the_o figure_n ordinary_o consider_v in_o mathematics_n from_o whence_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n follow_v first_o that_o their_o name_n be_v of_o more_o uncertain_a signification_n the_o precise_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o not_o be_v 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several_a correspondency_n and_o though_o in_o cast_v up_o a_o long_a sum_n either_o in_o addition_n multiplication_n or_o division_n every_o part_n be_v only_o a_o progression_n of_o the_o mind_n take_v a_o view_n of_o its_o own_o idea_n and_o consider_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n and_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o question_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o result_n of_o the_o whole_a make_v up_o of_o such_o paticular_o whereof_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o clear_a perception_n yet_o without_o set_v down_o the_o several_a part_n by_o mark_n who_o precise_a signification_n be_v know_v and_o by_o mark_n that_o last_o and_o remain_v in_o view_n when_o the_o memory_n have_v let_v they_o go_v it_o will_v be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o carry_v so_o many_o different_a idea_n in_o mind_n without_o confound_v or_o let_v slip_n some_o part_n of_o the_o reckon_a and_o thereby_o make_v all_o our_o reason_n about_o it_o useless_a in_o which_o case_n the_o cipher_n or_o mark_n help_v not_o the_o mind_n at_o all_o to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n of_o any_o two_o or_o more_o number_n their_o equality_n or_o proportion_n that_o the_o mind_n have_v only_o by_o intuition_n of_o its_o own_o idea_n of_o the_o number_n themselves_o but_o the_o numerical_a character_n be_v help_n to_o the_o memory_n to_o record_v and_o retain_v the_o several_a idea_n about_o which_o the_o demonstration_n be_v make_v whereby_o a_o man_n may_v know_v how_o far_o his_o intuitive_a knowledge_n in_o survey_v several_a of_o the_o particular_n have_v proceed_v that_o so_o he_o may_v without_o confusion_n go_v on_o to_o what_o be_v yet_o unknown_a and_o at_o last_o have_v in_o one_o view_n before_o he_o the_o result_n of_o all_o his_o perception_n and_o reason_n §_o 20_o one_o part_n of_o these_o disadvantage_n in_o moral_a idea_n which_o have_v make_v they_o be_v think_v not_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n may_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n be_v remedy_v by_o definition_n set_v down_o that_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o every_o term_n shall_v stand_v for_o and_o then_o use_v the_o term_n stedy_o and_o constant_o for_o that_o precise_a collection_n and_o what_o method_n algebra_n or_o something_o of_o that_o kind_n may_v hereafter_o suggest_v to_o remove_v the_o other_o difficulty_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o foretell_v confident_a i_o be_o that_o if_o man_n will_v in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n search_v after_o moral_a as_o they_o do_v mathematical_a truth_n they_o will_v find_v they_o to_o have_v a_o strong_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o and_o a_o more_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o to_o come_v near_a perfect_a demonstration_n than_o be_v common_o imagine_v but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v whilst_o the_o desire_n of_o esteem_n riches_n or_o power_n make_v man_n espouse_v the_o well_o endow_v opinion_n in_o fashion_n and_o then_o seek_v argument_n either_o to_o make_v good_a their_o beauty_n or_o varnish_v over_o and_o cover_v their_o deformity_n nothing_o be_v so_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n as_o truth_n be_v to_o the_o mind_n nothing_o so_o deform_v and_o irreconcilable_a to_o the_o understanding_n as_o a_o lye_n for_o though_o many_o a_o man_n can_v with_o satisfaction_n enough_o own_o he_o no_o very_o handsome_a wife_n in_o his_o bosom_n yet_o who_o be_v bold_a enough_o open_o to_o avow_v that_o he_o have_v espouse_v a_o falsehood_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o breast_n so_o ugly_a a_o thing_n as_o a_o lie_n whilst_o the_o party_n of_o man_n i_o say_v cram_v their_o tenant_n down_o all_o man_n throat_n who_o they_o can_v get_v into_o their_o power_n without_o permit_v they_o to_o examine_v their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n and_o will_v not_o let_v truth_n have_v fair_a play_n in_o the_o world_n nor_o man_n the_o liberty_n to_o search_v after_o it_o what_o improvement_n can_v be_v expect_v of_o this_o kind_n what_o great_a light_n can_v be_v hope_v for_o in_o the_o moral_a science_n the_o subject_a part_n of_o mankind_n in_o most_o place_n might_n instead_o thereof_o with_o egyptian_a bondage_n expect_v egyptian_a darkness_n be_v not_o the_o candle_n of_o the_o lord_n set_v up_o by_o himself_o in_o man_n mind_n which_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o breath_n or_o power_n of_o man_n whole_o to_o extinguish_v §_o 21._o as_o to_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o our_o knowledge_n viz._n of_o the_o real_a actual_a existence_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n a_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o we_o have_v no_o other_o but_o a_o sensitive_a knowledge_n which_o extend_v not_o beyond_o the_o object_n present_v to_o our_o sense_n §_o 22._o our_o knowledge_n be_v so_o narrow_a as_o i_o have_v show_v it_o will_v perhaps_o give_v we_o some_o light_n into_o the_o present_a state_n of_o our_o mind_n if_o we_o look_v a_o little_a into_o the_o dark_a side_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o our_o ignorance_n which_o be_v infinite_o large_a than_o our_o knowledge_n may_v serve_v much_o to_o the_o quiet_v of_o dispute_n and_o improvement_n of_o useful_a knowledge_n if_o discover_v how_o far_o we_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n we_o confine_v our_o thought_n within_o the_o contemplation_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o understanding_n and_o launch_v not_o out_o into_o that_o abyss_n of_o darkness_n where_o we_o have_v not_o eye_n to_o see_v nor_o faculty_n to_o perceive_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o presumption_n that_o nothing_o be_v beyond_o our_o comprehension_n but_o to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o folly_n of_o such_o a_o conceit_n we_o need_v not_o go_v far_o he_o that_o know_v any_o thing_n know_v this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o he_o need_v
not_o seek_v long_o for_o instance_n of_o his_o ignorance_n the_o mean_a and_o most_o obvious_a thing_n that_o come_v in_o our_o way_n have_v dark_a side_n that_o the_o quick_a sight_n can_v penetrate_v into_o the_o clear_a and_o most_o enlarge_a understanding_n of_o think_v man_n find_v themselves_o puzzle_v and_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o we_o shall_v the_o less_o wonder_n at_o when_o we_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o ignorance_n which_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o suppose_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v chief_o these_o three_o first_o want_v of_o idea_n second_o want_v of_o a_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v three_o want_v of_o trace_v and_o examine_v our_o idea_n §_o 23._o first_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n and_o those_o not_o a_o few_o that_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o for_o want_v of_o idea_n first_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v be_v confine_v as_o i_o have_v show_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n that_o we_o be_v conscious_a of_o in_o ourselves_o but_o how_o much_o these_o few_o and_o narrow_a â—nlets_n be_v disproportionate_a to_o the_o vast_a whole_a extent_n of_o all_o being_n will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o persuade_v those_o who_o be_v not_o so_o foolish_a as_o to_o think_v their_o span_n the_o measure_n of_o all_o thing_n what_o other_o simple_a idea_n it_o be_v possible_a the_o creature_n in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n may_v have_v by_o the_o assistence_n of_o sense_n and_o faculty_n more_o or_o perfect_a than_o we_o have_v or_o different_a from_o we_o it_o be_v not_o for_o we_o to_o determine_v but_o to_o say_v or_o think_v there_o be_v no_o such_o because_o we_o conceive_v nothing_o of_o they_o be_v no_o better_a a_o argument_n than_o if_o a_o blind_a man_n shall_v be_v positive_a in_o it_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o sight_n and_o colour_n because_o he_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o idea_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n nor_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n frame_v to_o himself_o any_o notion_n about_o see_v the_o ignorance_n and_o darkness_n that_o be_v in_o we_o no_o more_o hinder_v nor_o confine_v the_o knowledge_n that_o be_v in_o other_o than_o the_o blindness_n of_o a_o mole_n be_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o quick_a sightedness_n of_o a_o eagle_n he_o that_o will_v consider_v the_o infinite_a power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n will_v find_v reason_n to_o think_v it_o be_v not_o all_o lay_v out_o upon_o so_o inconsiderable_a mean_a and_o impotent_a a_o creature_n as_o he_o will_v find_v man_n to_o be_v who_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v one_o of_o the_o low_a of_o all_o intellectual_a being_n what_o faculty_n therefore_o other_o species_n of_o creature_n have_v to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o inmost_a constitution_n of_o thing_n what_o idea_n they_o may_v receive_v of_o they_o far_o different_a from_o we_o we_o know_v not_o this_o we_o know_v and_o certain_o find_v that_o we_o want_v several_a other_o view_v of_o they_o beside_o those_o we_o have_v to_o make_v discovery_n of_o they_o more_o perfect_a and_o we_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o the_o idea_n we_o can_v attain_v to_o by_o our_o faculty_n be_v very_o disproportionate_a to_o thing_n themselves_o when_o a_o positive_a clear_a distinct_a one_o of_o substance_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v conceal_v from_o we_o but_o want_v of_o idea_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v a_o part_n as_o well_o as_o cause_n of_o our_o ignorance_n can_v be_v describe_v only_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v confident_o say_v of_o it_o that_o the_o intellectual_a and_o sensible_a world_n be_v in_o this_o perfect_o alike_o that_o that_o part_n which_o we_o see_v of_o either_o of_o they_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o what_o we_o see_v not_o and_o whatsoever_o we_o can_v reach_v with_o our_o eye_n or_o our_o thought_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v but_o a_o point_n almost_o nothing_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o rest_n §_o 24._o second_o another_o great_a cause_n of_o ignorance_n be_v the_o want_n of_o idea_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o as_o the_o want_n of_o idea_n which_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v we_o shut_v we_o whole_o from_o those_o view_v of_o thing_n which_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o think_v other_o perfect_a being_n than_o we_o have_v of_o which_o we_o know_v nothing_o so_o the_o want_n of_o idea_n i_o now_o speak_v of_o keep_v we_o in_o ignorance_n of_o thing_n we_o conceive_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v to_o we_o bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n we_o have_v idea_n of_o but_o though_o we_o be_v not_o without_o idea_n of_o these_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n in_o general_a yet_o not_o know_v what_o be_v the_o particular_a bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o several_a power_n efficacy_n and_o way_n of_o operation_n whereby_o the_o effect_n we_o daily_o see_v be_v produce_v these_o be_v hide_v from_o we_o in_o some_o thing_n by_o be_v too_o remote_a and_o in_o other_o by_o be_v too_o minute_n when_o we_o consider_v the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o know_a and_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o think_v that_o what_o lie_v within_o our_o ken_n be_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o immense_a universe_n we_o shall_v then_o discover_v a_o huge_a abyss_n of_o ignorance_n what_o be_v the_o particular_a fabric_n of_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o matter_n which_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a stupendous_a frame_n of_o corporeal_a being_n how_o far_o they_o be_v extend_v what_o be_v their_o motion_n and_o how_o continue_v or_o communicate_v and_o what_o influence_n they_o have_v one_o upon_o another_o be_v contemplation_n that_o at_o first_o glimpse_n our_o thought_n lose_v themselves_o in_o if_o we_o narrow_a our_o contemplation_n and_o confine_v our_o thought_n to_o this_o little_a canton_n i_o mean_v this_o system_fw-la of_o our_o sun_n and_o the_o grosser_n mass_n of_o matter_n that_o visible_o move_v about_o it_o what_o several_a sort_n of_o vegetable_n animal_n and_o intellectual_a corporeal_a being_n infinite_o different_a from_o those_o of_o our_o little_a spot_n of_o earth_n may_v probable_o be_v in_o the_o other_o planet_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o even_o of_o their_o outward_a figure_n and_o part_n we_o can_v no_o way_n attain_v whilst_o we_o be_v confine_v to_o this_o earth_n there_o be_v no_o natural_a mean_n either_o by_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n to_o convey_v their_o certain_a idea_n into_o our_o mind_n they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o those_o inlet_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o what_o sort_n of_o furniture_n and_o inhabitant_n those_o mansion_n contain_v in_o they_o we_o can_v so_o much_o as_o guess_v much_o less_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o they_o §_o 25._o if_o a_o great_a nay_o for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o several_a rank_n of_o body_n in_o the_o universe_n escape_v our_o notice_n by_o their_o remoteness_n there_o be_v other_o that_o be_v no_o less_o conceal_v from_o we_o by_o their_o minuteness_n these_o insensible_a corpuscle_n be_v the_o active_a part_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o great_a instrument_n of_o nature_n on_o which_o depend_v not_o only_o all_o their_o secondary_a quality_n but_o also_o most_o of_o their_o natural_a operation_n our_o want_n of_o precise_a distinct_a idea_n of_o their_o primary_n quality_n keep_v we_o in_o a_o uncureable_a ignorance_n of_o what_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v about_o they_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o we_o can_v discover_v the_o figure_n size_n connexion_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n constituent_a part_n of_o any_o two_o body_n we_o shall_v know_v without_o trial_n several_a of_o their_o operation_n one_o upon_o another_o as_o we_o do_v now_o the_o property_n of_o a_o square_a or_o a_o triangle_n and_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o tell_v before_o hand_n that_o rhubarb_n will_v purge_v hemlock_n kill_v and_o opium_n make_v a_o man_n sleep_n as_o well_o as_o a_o watchmaker_n do_v that_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o paper_n lay_v on_o the_o balance_n will_v keep_v the_o watch_n from_o go_v till_o it_o be_v remove_v or_o that_o some_o small_a part_n of_o it_o be_v rub_v by_o a_o file_n the_o machine_n will_v quite_o lose_v its_o motion_n and_o the_o watch_n go_v no_o more_o do_v we_o know_v the_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o rhubarb_n hemlock_n opium_n and_o a_o man_n as_o a_o watchmaker_n do_v those_o of_o a_o watch_n whereby_o it_o perform_v all_o its_o operation_n and_o of_o a_o file_n which_o by_o rub_v on_o they_o will_v alter_v
that_o safe_o eat_v hemlock_n and_o other_o that_o be_v nourish_v by_o wood_n and_o stone_n but_o as_o long_o as_o we_o want_v idea_n of_o those_o real_a constitution_n of_o animal_n whereon_o these_o and_o the_o like_a quality_n and_o power_n depend_v we_o must_v not_o hope_v to_o reach_v certainty_n in_o universal_a proposition_n concern_v they_o those_o few_o idea_n only_o which_o have_v a_o discernible_a connexion_n with_o our_o nominal_a essence_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o can_v afford_v we_o such_o proposition_n but_o these_o be_v so_o few_o and_o of_o so_o little_a moment_n that_o we_o may_v just_o look_v on_o our_o certain_a general_a knowledge_n of_o substance_n as_o almost_o none_o at_o all_o §_o 16._o to_o conclude_v general_n proposition_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o be_v then_o only_o capable_a of_o certainty_n when_o the_o term_n use_v in_o they_o stand_v for_o such_o idea_n who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o there_o express_v be_v capable_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o and_o we_o be_v then_o certain_a of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n when_o we_o perceive_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o to_o agree_v or_o not_o agree_v according_a as_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o whence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o general_a certainty_n be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o our_o idea_n whenever_o we_o go_v to_o seek_v it_o elsewhere_o in_o experiment_n or_o observation_n without_o we_o our_o knowledge_n go_v not_o beyond_o particular_n it_o be_v the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o abstract_n idea_n that_o alone_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v we_o general_a knowledge_n chap._n vii_o of_o maxim_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o proposition_n which_o under_o the_o name_n of_o maxim_n and_o axiom_n have_v pass_v for_o principle_n of_o science_n and_o because_o they_o be_v self-evident_a have_v be_v suppose_v innate_a without_o that_o any_o body_n that_o i_o know_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o show_v the_o reason_n and_o foundation_n of_o their_o clearness_n or_o cogency_n it_o may_v however_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o evidence_n and_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o alone_o and_o also_o examine_v how_o far_o they_o influence_n and_o govern_v our_o other_o knowledge_n §_o 2._o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n now_o where_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v perceive_v immediate_o by_o itself_o without_o the_o intervention_n or_o help_n of_o any_o other_o there_o our_o knowledge_n be_v self-evident_a this_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o consider_v any_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o without_o any_o proof_n he_o assent_v to_o at_o first_o sight_n for_o in_o all_o these_o he_o will_v find_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o assent_n be_v from_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o mind_n by_o a_o immediate_a compare_v they_o find_v in_o those_o idea_n answer_v the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n in_o the_o proposition_n §_o 3._o this_o be_v so_o in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v whether_o this_o self-evident_a be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v receive_v for_o maxim_n and_o have_v the_o dignity_n of_o axiom_n allow_v they_o and_o here_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o several_a other_o truth_n not_o allow_v to_o be_v axiom_n partake_v equal_o with_o they_o in_o this_o self-evidence_n this_o we_o shall_v see_v if_o we_o go_v over_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n which_o i_o have_v above_o mention_v viz._n identity_n relation_n coexistence_n and_o real_a existence_n which_o will_v discover_v to_o we_o that_o not_o only_o those_o few_o proposition_n which_o have_v have_v the_o credit_n of_o maxim_n be_v self-evident_a but_o a_o great_a many_o even_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o proposition_n be_v such_o §_o 4._o for_o first_o the_o immediate_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o identity_n be_v found_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v have_v distinct_a idea_n this_o afford_v we_o as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n every_o one_o that_o have_v any_o knowledge_n at_o all_o have_v as_o the_o foundation_n of_o it_o various_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n without_o which_o it_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n to_o know_v every_o one_o of_o its_o idea_n by_o itself_o and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o this_o be_v that_o which_o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v know_v he_o know_v also_o when_o any_o one_o be_v in_o his_o understanding_n and_o what_o it_o be_v and_o when_o more_o than_o one_o be_v there_o he_o know_v they_o distinct_o and_o unconfuse_o one_o from_o another_o which_o always_o be_v so_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o he_o shall_v perceive_v what_o he_o perceive_v he_o can_v never_o be_v in_o doubt_n when_o any_o idea_n be_v in_o his_o mind_n that_o it_o be_v there_o and_o be_v that_o idea_n it_o be_v and_o that_o two_o distinct_a idea_n when_o they_o be_v in_o his_o mind_n be_v there_o and_o be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n so_o that_o all_o such_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n be_v make_v without_o any_o possibility_n of_o doubt_n uncertainty_n or_o hesitation_n and_o must_v necessary_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o understand_v that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a which_o the_o term_n in_o the_o proposition_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o alone_o to_o these_o two_o general_a proposition_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o this_o self-evidence_n belong_v by_o any_o peculiar_a right_n the_o perception_n of_o be_v or_o not_o be_v belong_v no_o more_o no_o these_o vague_n idea_n signify_v by_o the_o term_n whatsoever_o and_o thing_n than_o it_o do_v to_o any_o other_o idea_n the_o mind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o proof_n perceive_v as_o clear_o and_o know_v as_o certain_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a be_v the_o idea_n of_o white_a and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n and_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v there_o and_o be_v not_o absent_a and_o so_o a_o triangle_n motion_n a_o man_n or_o any_o other_o idea_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o identity_n our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o our_o idea_n and_o so_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v name_n for_o distinct_a idea_n and_o i_o appeal_v to_o ever_o one_o be_v own_o mind_n whether_o this_o proposition_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o circle_n be_v not_o as_o self-evident_a a_o proposition_n as_o that_o consist_v of_o more_o general_a term_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o again_o whether_o this_o proposition_n blue_n be_v not_o red_a be_v not_o a_o proposition_n that_o the_o mind_n can_v no_o more_o doubt_n of_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o understand_v the_o word_n than_o it_o do_v of_o that_o axiom_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o like_a §_o 5._o second_o as_o to_o coexistence_n or_o such_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o two_o idea_n that_o in_o the_o subject_a where_o one_o of_o they_o be_v suppose_v there_o the_o other_o must_v necessary_o be_v also_o of_o such_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o this_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o immediate_a perception_n but_o in_o very_a few_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o have_v but_o very_o little_a intuitive_a knowledge_n nor_o be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v very_o many_o proposition_n that_o be_v self-evident_a though_o some_o there_o be_v v_o g._n the_o idea_n of_o fill_v of_o a_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o content_n of_o its_o superficies_n be_v annex_v to_o our_o idea_n of_o body_n i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o two_o body_n can_v be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n §_o 6._o three_o as_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o modes_n mathematician_n have_v frame_v many_o axiom_n concern_v that_o one_o relation_n of_o equality_n as_o equal_v take_v from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n which_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o kind_n however_o they_o be_v receive_v for_o maxim_n by_o the_o mathematician_n and_o be_v unquestionable_a truth_n yet_o i_o think_v that_o any_o one_o who_o consider_v they_o will_v not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a self-evidence_n than_o these_o that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o that_o if_o you_o
different_a idea_n to_o be_v different_a idea_n for_o when_o a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o understanding_n the_o idea_n of_o one_o and_o of_o two_o the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a and_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n he_o can_v but_o certain_o know_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o one_o and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o two_o and_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a be_v the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n for_o a_o man_n can_v confound_v the_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n which_o he_o have_v distinct_a that_o will_v be_v to_o have_v they_o confuse_a and_o distinct_a at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n and_o to_o have_v none_o distinct_a be_v to_o have_v no_o use_n of_o our_o faculty_n to_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o what_o idea_n soever_o be_v affirm_v of_o itself_o or_o whatsoever_o two_o entire_a distinct_a idea_n be_v deny_v one_o of_o another_o the_o mind_n can_v but_o assent_v to_o such_o a_o proposition_n as_o infallible_o true_a as_o soon_o as_o it_o understand_v the_o term_n without_o hesititation_n or_o need_n of_o proof_n or_o regard_v those_o make_v in_o more_o general_a term_n and_o call_v maxim_n §_o 11._o what_o shall_v we_o then_o say_v be_v these_o general_a maxim_n of_o no_o use_n yes_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o dispute_n to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o wrangler_n but_o not_o of_o much_o use_n to_o the_o discovery_n of_o unknown_a truth_n or_o to_o help_v the_o mind_n forward_o in_o its_o search_n after_o knowledge_n for_o whoever_o begin_v to_o build_v his_o knowledge_n on_o this_o general_a proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o from_o either_o of_o these_o as_o from_o a_o principle_n of_o science_n deduce_v a_o system_fw-la of_o useful_a knowledge_n wrong_n opinion_n often_o involve_v contradiction_n one_o of_o these_o maxim_n as_o a_o touchstone_n may_v serve_v well_o to_o show_v whither_o they_o lead_v but_o yet_o however_o fit_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o absurdity_n or_o mistake_n of_o a_o man_n reason_v or_o opinion_n they_o be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n for_o enlighten_v the_o understanding_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v that_o the_o mind_n receive_v much_o help_n from_o they_o in_o its_o progress_n in_o knowledge_n which_o will_v be_v neither_o less_o nor_o less_o certain_a be_v these_o two_o general_a proposition_n never_o think_v on_o it_o be_v true_a as_o i_o have_v say_v they_o sometime_o serve_v in_o argumentation_n to_o stop_v a_o wrangler_n mouth_n by_o show_v the_o absurdity_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o show_v a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o another_o to_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o truth_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o truth_n these_o proposition_n be_v able_a to_o teach_v and_o by_o their_o influence_n make_v we_o know_v which_o we_o do_v not_o know_v before_o or_o can_v not_o know_v without_o they_o let_v we_o reason_n from_o they_o as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v they_o be_v only_o about_o identical_a predication_n and_o influence_n if_o any_o at_o all_o none_o but_o such_o each_o particular_a proposition_n concern_v identity_n or_o diversity_n be_v as_o clear_o and_o certain_o know_v in_o itself_o if_o attend_v to_o as_o either_o of_o these_o general_a one_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o by_o these_o maxim_n alone_o we_o can_v evidence_n to_o ourselves_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o one_o thing_n real_o exist_v as_o to_o other_o less_o general_a maxim_n many_o of_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o bare_a verbal_a proposition_n and_o teach_v we_o nothing_o but_o the_o respect_n and_o import_n of_o name_n one_o to_o another_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n what_o real_a truth_n i_o beseech_v you_o do_v it_o teach_v we_o what_o more_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o maxim_n than_o what_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n totum_fw-la or_o the_o whole_a do_v of_o itself_o import_n and_o he_o that_o know_v that_o the_o word_n whole_a stand_v for_o what_o be_v make_v up_o of_o all_o its_o part_n know_v very_o little_o less_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n i_o think_v that_o this_o proposition_n a_o hill_n be_v high_a than_o a_o valley_n and_o several_a the_o like_a may_v also_o pass_v for_o maxim_n but_o yet_o mathematician_n do_v not_o without_o reason_n place_n this_o and_o some_o other_o such_o among_o their_o maxim_n that_o their_o scholar_n have_v in_o the_o entrance_n perfect_o acquaint_v their_o thought_n with_o these_o proposition_n make_v in_o such_o general_a term_n may_v have_v they_o ready_a to_o apply_v to_o all_o particular_a case_n not_o that_o if_o they_o be_v equal_o weigh_v they_o be_v more_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o the_o particular_a instance_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o confirm_v but_o that_o be_v more_o familiar_a to_o the_o mind_n the_o very_a name_v they_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o understanding_n but_o this_o i_o say_v be_v more_o from_o our_o custom_n of_o use_v they_o than_o the_o different_a evidence_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o before_o custom_n have_v settle_v method_n of_o think_v and_o reason_v in_o our_o mind_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o imagine_v it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o and_o that_o the_o child_n when_o a_o part_n of_o his_o apple_n be_v take_v away_o know_v it_o better_o in_o that_o particular_a instance_n than_o by_o that_o general_a proposition_n the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n and_o that_o if_o one_o of_o these_o have_v need_n to_o be_v confirm_v to_o he_o by_o the_o other_o the_o general_n have_v more_o need_n to_o be_v let_v into_o his_o mind_n by_o the_o particular_a than_o the_o particular_a by_o the_o general_a for_o in_o particular_n our_o knowledge_n begin_v and_o so_o spread_v itself_o by_o degree_n to_o general_n though_o afterward_o the_o mind_n take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a course_n and_o have_v draw_v its_o knowledge_n into_o as_o general_a proposition_n as_o it_o can_v make_v those_o familiar_a to_o its_o thought_n and_o accustom_n itself_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o they_o as_o to_o the_o standard_n of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n by_o which_o familiar_a use_n of_o they_o as_o rule_n to_o measure_v the_o truth_n of_o other_o proposition_n it_o come_v in_o time_n to_o be_v think_v that_o more_o particular_a proposition_n have_v their_o truth_n and_o evidence_n from_o their_o conformity_n to_o these_o more_o general_a one_o which_o in_o discourse_n and_o argumentation_n be_v so_o frequent_o urge_v and_o constant_o admit_v and_o this_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o among_o so_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n the_o most_o general_a only_o have_v have_v the_o title_n of_o maxim_n §_o 12._o one_o thing_n far_o i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v concern_v these_o general_a maxim_n that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o improve_n or_o establish_v our_o mind_n in_o true_a knowledge_n that_o if_o our_o notion_n be_v wrong_a loose_a or_o unsteady_a and_o we_o resign_v up_o our_o thought_n rather_o to_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n than_o to_o settle_a clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o thing_n i_o say_v these_o general_a maxim_n will_v serve_v to_o confirm_v we_o in_o mistake_v and_o in_o such_o a_o way_n of_o use_n of_o word_n which_o be_v most_o common_a will_v serve_v to_o prove_v contradiction_n v_o g._n he_o that_o with_o cartes_n shall_v frame_v in_o his_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o what_o he_o call_v body_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o extension_n may_v easy_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n i._n e._n no_o space_n void_a of_o body_n by_o this_o maxim_n what_o be_v be_v for_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o annex_v the_o name_n body_n be_v bare_a extension_n his_o knowledge_n that_o space_n can_v be_v without_o body_n be_v certain_a for_o he_o know_v his_o own_o idea_n of_o extension_n clear_o and_o distinct_o and_o know_v that_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o not_o another_o idea_n though_o it_o be_v call_v by_o these_o three_o name_n extension_n body_n space_n which_o three_o word_n stand_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n may_v no_o doubt_n with_o the_o same_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o as_o each_o of_o itself_o and_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o whilst_o i_o use_v they_o all_o to_o stand_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n this_o predication_n be_v as_o true_a and_o identical_a in_o its_o signification_n that_o space_n be_v body_n as_o this_o predication_n be_v true_a and_o identical_a that_o body_n be_v body_n both_o in_o signification_n and_o sound_n §_o 13._o
but_o if_o another_o shall_v come_v and_o make_v to_o himself_o another_o idea_n different_a from_o cartes_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o yet_o with_o cartes_n he_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n body_n and_o make_v his_o idea_n which_o he_o express_v by_o the_o word_n body_n to_o consist_v of_o extension_n and_o solidity_n together_o he_o will_v as_o easy_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n or_o space_n without_o a_o body_n as_o cartes_n demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a because_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o name_n space_n be_v bare_a extension_n and_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o name_n body_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o extension_n and_o resistibility_n or_o solidity_n together_o these_o two_o idea_n be_v not_o exact_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o in_o the_o understanding_n as_o distinct_a as_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o and_o two_o white_a and_o black_a or_o as_o of_o corporeity_n and_o humanity_n if_o i_o may_v use_v those_o barbarous_a term_n and_o therefore_o the_o predication_n of_o they_o in_o our_o mind_n or_o in_o word_n stand_v for_o they_o be_v not_o identical_a but_o the_o negation_n of_o they_o one_o of_o another_o as_o certain_a and_o evident_a as_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v §_o 14._o but_o yet_o though_o both_o these_o proposition_n as_o you_o see_v may_v be_v equal_o demonstrate_v viz._n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o vacuum_n by_o these_o two_o certain_a principle_n viz._n what_o be_v be_v and_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v be_v and_o not_o be_v yet_o neither_o of_o these_o principle_n will_v serve_v to_o prove_v to_o we_o that_o any_o or_o what_o body_n do_v exist_v for_o that_o we_o be_v leâ—t_v to_o our_o sense_n to_o discover_v to_o we_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v those_o universal_a and_o self-evident_a principle_n be_v only_o our_o constant_a clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n more_o general_a or_o comprehensive_a can_v assure_v we_o of_o nothing_o that_o pass_v without_o the_o mind_n their_o certainty_n be_v found_v only_o upon_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o each_o idea_n by_o its_o self_n and_o of_o its_o distinction_n from_o other_o about_o which_o we_o can_v be_v mistake_v whilst_o they_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n though_o we_o may_v and_o often_o be_v mistake_v when_o we_o retain_v the_o name_n without_o the_o idea_n or_o use_v they_o confuse_o sometime_o for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o idea_n in_o which_o case_n the_o source_n of_o these_o axiom_n reach_v only_o to_o the_o sound_n and_o not_o the_o signfication_n of_o the_o word_n serve_v only_o to_o lead_v we_o into_o confusion_n mistake_v and_o error_n §_o 15._o but_o let_v they_o be_v of_o what_o use_v they_o will_v in_o verbal_a proposition_n they_o can_v discover_v or_o prove_v to_o we_o the_o least_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o be_v find_v and_o exist_v without_o we_o any_o far_a than_o ground_v on_o experience_n and_o though_o the_o consequence_n of_o these_o two_o proposition_n call_v principle_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o their_o use_n not_o very_o dangerous_a or_o hurtful_a in_o the_o probation_n of_o such_o thing_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o they_o for_o proof_n but_o such_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o themselves_o without_o they_o viz._n where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o yet_o when_o these_o principle_n viz._n what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o probation_n of_o proposition_n wherein_o be_v word_n stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n v_o g_o man_n horse_n gold_n virtue_n there_o they_o be_v of_o infinite_a danger_n and_o most_o common_o make_v man_n receive_v and_o retain_v falsehood_n for_o manifest_a truth_n and_o uncertainty_n for_o demonstration_n upon_o which_o follow_v error_n obstinacy_n and_o all_o the_o mischief_n that_o can_v happen_v from_o wrong_n reason_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v not_o that_o these_o principle_n be_v less_o true_a in_o such_o proposition_n consist_v of_o word_n stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n than_o in_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n but_o because_o man_n mistake_v general_o think_v such_o proposition_n to_o be_v about_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o not_o the_o bare_a signification_n of_o word_n when_o indeed_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n nothing_o else_o as_o be_v clear_a in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o vacuum_n where_o the_o word_n body_n sometime_o stand_v for_o one_o idea_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o but_o shall_v be_v yet_o make_v more_o manifest_a §_o 16._o as_o for_o instance_n let_v man_n be_v that_o concern_v which_o you_o will_v by_o these_o first_o principle_n demonstrate_v any_o thing_n and_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o so_o far_o as_o demonstration_n be_v by_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v only_o verbal_a and_o give_v we_o no_o certain_a universal_a true_a proposition_n or_o knowledge_n of_o any_o be_v existing_a without_o we_o first_o a_o child_n have_v frame_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o his_o idea_n be_v just_a like_o that_o picture_n which_o the_o painter_n make_v of_o the_o visible_a appearance_n join_v together_o and_o such_o a_o complexion_n of_o idea_n together_o in_o his_o understanding_n make_v up_o the_o single_a complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o call_v man_n whereof_o white_a or_o flesh-colour_n in_o england_n be_v one_o the_o child_n can_v demonstrate_v to_o you_o that_o a_o negro_n be_v not_o a_o man_n because_o whitecolour_n be_v one_o of_o the_o constant_a simple_a idea_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n he_o call_v man_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o principle_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o a_o negro_n be_v not_o a_o man_n the_o foundation_n of_o his_o certainty_n be_v not_o that_o universal_a proposition_n which_o perhaps_o he_o never_o hear_v nor_o think_v of_o but_o the_o clear_a distinct_a perception_n he_o have_v of_o his_o own_o simple_a idea_n of_o black_a and_o white_a which_o he_o can_v be_v persuade_v to_o take_v nor_o can_v ever_o mistake_v one_o for_o another_o whether_o he_o know_v that_o maxim_n or_o no_o and_o to_o this_o child_n or_o any_o one_o who_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n which_o he_o call_v man_n can_v you_o never_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o soul_n because_o his_o idea_n of_o man_n include_v no_o such_o notion_n or_o idea_n in_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o he_o the_o principle_n of_o what_o be_v be_v prove_v not_o this_o matter_n but_o it_o depend_v upon_o collection_n and_o observation_n by_o which_o he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n call_v man._n §_o 17._o second_o another_o that_o have_v go_v far_o in_o frame_v and_o collect_v the_o idea_n he_o call_v man_n and_o to_o the_o outward_a shape_n add_v laughter_n and_o rational_a discourse_n may_v demonstrate_v that_o infant_n and_o changeling_n be_v no_o man_n by_o this_o maxim_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o i_o have_v discourse_v with_o very_o rational_a man_n who_o have_v actual_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v men._n §_o 18._o three_o perhaps_o another_o make_v we_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o call_v man_n only_o out_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n in_o general_n and_o the_o power_n of_o language_n and_o reason_n and_o leave_v out_o the_o shape_n whole_o this_o man_n be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v no_o hand_n but_o be_v quadrupes_fw-la neither_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o his_o idea_n of_o man_n and_o in_o whatever_o body_n or_o shape_n he_o find_v speech_n and_o reason_n join_v that_o be_v a_o man_n because_o have_v a_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o such_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o be_v be_v §_o 19_o so_o that_o if_o right_o consider_v i_o think_v we_o may_v say_v that_o where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o the_o name_n agree_v on_o that_o shall_v stand_v for_o each_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n there_o be_v little_a need_n or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o of_o these_o maxim_n to_o prove_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o they_o he_o that_o can_v discern_v the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o such_o proposition_n without_o the_o help_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a maxim_n will_v not_o be_v help_v by_o these_o maxim_n to_o do_v it_o since_o he_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o maxim_n themselves_o without_o proof_n if_o he_o can_v know_v
we_o have_v by_o intuition_n the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n reason_n clear_o make_v know_v to_o we_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o other_o thing_n we_o can_v have_v only_o by_o sensation_n for_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o real_a existence_n with_o any_o idea_n a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o memory_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o existence_n but_o that_o of_o god_n with_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o particular_a man_n no_o particular_a man_n can_v know_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o other_o be_v but_o only_o when_o by_o actual_a operate_n upon_o he_o it_o make_v itself_o perceive_v by_o he_o for_o the_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o our_o mind_n no_o more_o prove_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o thing_n than_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n evidence_n his_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o the_o vision_n of_o a_o dream_n make_v thereby_o a_o true_a history_n §_o 2._o it_o be_v therefore_o the_o actual_a receive_n of_o idea_n from_o without_o that_o give_v we_o notice_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n and_o make_v we_o know_v that_o something_o do_v exist_v at_o that_o time_n without_o we_o which_o cause_v that_o idea_n in_o we_o though_o perhaps_o we_o neither_o know_v nor_o consider_v how_o it_o do_v it_o for_o it_o take_v not_o from_o the_o certainty_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v by_o they_o that_o we_o know_v not_o the_o manner_n wherein_o they_o be_v produce_v v_o g._n whilst_o i_o write_v this_o i_o have_v by_o the_o paper_n affect_v my_o eye_n that_o idea_n produce_v in_o my_o mind_n which_o whatever_a object_n cause_v i_o call_v white_a by_o which_o i_o know_v that_o that_o quality_n or_o accident_n i._n e._n who_o appearance_n before_o my_o eye_n always_o cause_v that_o idea_n do_v real_o exist_v and_o have_v a_o be_v without_o i_o and_o of_o this_o the_o great_a assurance_n i_o can_v possible_o have_v and_o to_o which_o my_o faculty_n can_v attain_v be_v the_o testimony_n of_o my_o eye_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o sole_a judge_n of_o this_o thing_n and_o who_o testimony_n i_o have_v reason_n to_o rely_v on_o as_o so_o certain_a that_o i_o can_v no_o more_o doubt_n whilst_o i_o write_v this_o that_o i_o see_v white_n and_o black_a and_o that_o something_o real_o exist_v that_o cause_v that_o sensation_n in_o i_o than_o that_o i_o write_v or_o move_v my_o hand_n which_o be_v a_o certainty_n as_o great_a as_o (null)_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o a_o man_n self_n alone_o and_o of_o god._n §_o 3._o the_o notice_n we_o have_v by_o our_o sense_n of_o the_o exi_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o certain_a as_o our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n or_o the_o deduction_n of_o our_o reason_n employ_v about_o the_o clear_a abstract_n idea_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o assurance_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o knowledge_n if_o we_o persuade_v ourselves_o that_o our_o faculty_n act_v and_o inform_v we_o right_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o those_o objest_n that_o affect_v they_o it_o can_v pass_v for_o a_o ill-grounded_a confidence_n for_o i_o think_v no_o body_n can_v in_o earnest_n be_v so_o sceptical_a as_o to_o be_v uncertain_a of_o the_o existence_n of_o those_o thing_n he_o see_v and_o feel_v at_o least_o he_o that_o can_v doubt_v so_o far_o whatever_o he_o may_v have_v with_o his_o own_o thought_n will_v never_o have_v any_o controversy_n with_o i_o since_o he_o can_v never_o be_v sure_a i_o say_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o his_o opinion_n as_o to_o myself_o i_o think_v god_n have_v give_v i_o assurance_n enough_o of_o thâ—â—â—istence_n of_o thing_n without_o i_o since_o by_o their_o different_a application_n i_o â—an_v produce_v in_o myself_o both_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o be_v one_o great_a concernment_n of_o my_o present_a state_n this_o be_v certain_a the_o confidence_n that_o our_o faculty_n do_v not_o herein_o deceive_v we_o be_v the_o great_a assurance_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o material_a being_n for_o we_o can_v act_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o our_o faculty_n nor_o talk_v of_o knowledge_n itself_o but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o faculty_n which_o be_v fit_v to_o apprehend_v even_o what_o knowledge_n be_v but_o beside_o the_o assurance_n our_o sense_n themselves_o give_v we_o that_o they_o do_v not_o err_v in_o the_o information_n they_o give_v we_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o when_o they_o be_v affect_v by_o they_o we_o be_v far_o confirm_v in_o this_o assurance_n by_o other_o concurrent_a reason_n §_o 4._o first_o it_o be_v plain_a those_o perception_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o by_o exterior_a cause_n affect_v our_o sense_n because_o those_o that_o want_v the_o organ_n of_o any_o sense_n never_o can_v have_v the_o idea_n belong_v to_o that_o sense_n produce_v in_o their_o mind_n this_o be_v too_o evident_a to_o be_v doubt_v and_o therefore_o we_o can_v but_o be_v assure_v that_o they_o come_v in_o by_o the_o organ_n of_o that_o sense_n and_o no_o other_o way_n the_o organ_n themselves_o it_o be_v plain_a do_v not_o produce_v they_o for_o then_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o man_n in_o the_o dark_a will_v produce_v colour_n and_o his_o nose_n smell_v rose_n in_o the_o winter_n but_o we_o see_v no_o body_n get_v the_o relish_n of_o a_o pineapple_n till_o he_o go_v to_o the_o indies_n where_o it_o be_v and_o taste_v it_o §_o 5._o second_o because_o sometime_o i_o find_v that_o i_o can_v avoid_v the_o have_v those_o idea_n produce_v in_o my_o mind_n for_o though_o when_o my_o eye_n be_v shut_v or_o window_n fast_o i_o can_v at_o pleasure_n recall_n to_o my_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o light_n or_o the_o sun_n which_o former_a experience_n have_v lodge_v in_o my_o memory_n so_o i_o can_v at_o pleasure_n lay_v by_o that_o idea_n and_o take_v into_o my_o view_n that_o of_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o rose_n or_o taste_v of_o sugar_n but_o if_o i_o turn_v my_o eye_n at_o noon_n towards_o the_o sun_n i_o can_v avoid_v the_o idea_n which_o the_o light_n or_o sun_n then_o produce_v in_o i_o so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n between_o the_o idea_n lay_v up_o in_o my_o memory_n over_o which_o if_o they_o be_v there_o only_o i_o shall_v have_v constant_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o they_o and_o lay_v they_o by_o at_o pleasure_n and_o those_o which_o force_n themselves_o upon_o i_o and_o i_o can_v avoid_v have_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o exterior_a cause_n and_o the_o brisk_a act_n of_o some_o object_n without_o i_o who_o efficacy_n i_o can_v resist_v that_o produce_v those_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no._n beside_o there_o be_v no_o body_n who_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o difference_n in_o himself_o between_o contemplate_v the_o sun_n as_o he_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o it_o in_o his_o memory_n and_o actual_o look_v upon_o it_o of_o which_o two_o his_o perception_n be_v so_o distinct_a that_o sew_v of_o his_o idea_n be_v more_o distinguishable_a one_o from_o another_o and_o therefore_o he_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o they_o be_v not_o both_o memory_n or_o the_o action_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o fancy_n only_o within_o he_o but_o that_o actual_a see_v have_v a_o cause_n without_o §_o 6._o three_o add_v to_o this_o that_o many_o of_o those_o idea_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o with_o pain_n which_o afterward_o we_o remember_v without_o the_o least_o offence_n thus_o the_o pain_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a when_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v revive_v in_o our_o mind_n give_v we_o no_o disturbance_n which_o when_o feel_v be_v very_o troublesome_a and_o be_v again_o when_o actual_o repeatedâ—_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o disorder_n the_o external_a object_n cause_v in_o our_o body_n when_o apply_v to_o it_o and_o we_o remember_v the_o pain_n of_o hunger_n thirst_v or_o the_o headache_n without_o any_o pain_n at_o all_o which_o will_v either_o never_o disturb_v we_o or_o else_o constant_o do_v it_o as_o often_o as_o we_o think_v of_o it_o be_v there_o nothing_o more_o but_o idea_n float_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o appearance_n entertain_v our_o fancy_n without_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n affect_v we_o from_o abroad_o and_o though_o mathematical_a demonstration_n depend_v not_o upon_o sense_n yet_o the_o examine_v they_o by_o diagram_n give_v great_a credit_n to_o the_o evidence_n of_o our_o sight_n and_o seem_v to_o give_v it_o a_o certainty_n approach_v to_o that_o to_o the_o demonstration_n itself_o for_o it_o will_v be_v very_o strange_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v allow_v it_o for_o a_o
knowledge_n man_n arrive_v to_o in_o these_o science_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o their_o principle_n nor_o derive_v from_o any_o peculiar_a advantage_n they_o receive_v from_o two_o or_o three_o general_a maxim_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o from_o the_o clear_a distinct_a complete_a idea_n their_o thought_n be_v employ_v about_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o equality_n and_o excess_n so_o clear_a between_o some_o of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o by_o that_o a_o way_n to_o discover_v it_o in_o other_o and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o maxim_n for_o i_o ask_v be_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o a_o young_a lad_n to_o know_v that_o his_o whole_a body_n be_v big_a than_o his_o little_a finger_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o axiom_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o a_o part_n nor_o be_v assure_v of_o it_o till_o he_o have_v learn_v that_o maxim_n or_o can_v a_o country-wench_n know_v that_o have_v receive_v a_o shilling_n from_o one_o that_o owe_v she_o three_o and_o a_o shilling_n also_o from_o another_o that_o owe_v she_o three_o that_o the_o remain_a debt_n in_o each_o of_o their_o hand_n be_v equal_a can_v she_o know_v this_o i_o say_v without_o she_o fetch_v the_o certainty_n of_o it_o from_o this_o maxim_n that_o if_o you_o take_v equal_n from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n a_o maxim_n which_o possible_o the_o never_a hear_v or_o think_v of_o i_o desire_v any_o one_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v know_v first_o and_o clear_a by_o most_o people_n the_o particular_a instance_n or_o the_o general_a rule_n and_o which_o it_o be_v that_o give_v life_n and_o birth_n to_o the_o other_o these_o general_a rule_n be_v but_o the_o compare_v our_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n which_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n make_v and_o name_n give_v to_o they_o for_o the_o easy_a dispatch_n in_o its_o reason_n and_o draw_v into_o comprehensive_a term_n and_o short_a rule_n its_o various_a and_o multiply_v observation_n but_o knowledge_n begin_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v found_v on_o particular_n though_o afterward_o perhaps_o no_o notice_n be_v take_v thereof_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o mind_n forward_o still_o to_o enlarge_v its_o knowledge_n most_o attentive_o to_o lay_v up_o those_o general_a notion_n and_o make_v the_o proper_a use_n of_o they_o which_o be_v to_o disburden_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o cumbersome_a load_n of_o particular_n §_o 4._o but_o be_v it_o in_o the_o mathematics_n as_o it_o will_v whether_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o take_v a_o inch_n from_o a_o black_a line_n of_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o inch_n from_o a_o red_a line_n of_o two_o inch_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o two_o line_n will_v be_v equal_a or_o that_o if_o you_o take_v equal_n from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n which_o i_o say_v of_o these_o two_o be_v the_o clear_a and_o first_o know_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o one_o to_o determine_v it_o not_o be_v material_a to_o my_o present_a occasion_n that_o which_o i_o have_v here_o to_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o if_o it_o be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o knowledged_a to_o begin_v with_o general_a maxim_n and_o build_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o safe_a way_n to_o take_v the_o principle_n which_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o any_o other_o science_n as_o unquestionable_a truth_n and_o so_o receive_v they_o without_o examination_n and_o adhere_v to_o they_o without_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o because_o mathematician_n have_v be_v so_o happy_a or_o so_o fair_a to_o use_v none_o but_o self-evident_a and_o undeniable_a if_o this_o be_v so_o i_o know_v not_o what_o may_v not_o pass_v for_o truth_n in_o morality_n what_o may_v not_o be_v introduce_v and_o improve_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n let_v that_o principle_n of_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n that_o all_o be_v matter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o be_v receive_v for_o certain_a and_o indubitable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o write_n of_o some_o that_o have_v revive_v it_o again_o in_o our_o day_n what_o consequence_n it_o will_v lead_v we_o into_o let_v any_o one_o with_o polemo_n take_v the_o world_n or_o with_o the_o stoic_n the_o aether_n or_o the_o sun_n or_o with_o aneximenes_n the_o air_n to_o be_v god_n and_o what_o a_o divinity_n religion_n and_o worship_n must_v we_o needs_o have_v nothing_o can_v be_v so_o dangerous_a as_o principle_n thus_o take_v up_o without_o question_v or_o examination_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o concern_v morality_n which_o influence_n man_n life_n and_o give_v a_o bias_n to_o all_o their_o action_n who_o may_v not_o just_o expect_v another_o kind_n of_o life_n in_o aristippus_n who_o place_v happiness_n in_o bodily_a pleasure_n and_o in_o antisthenes_n who_o make_v virtue_n sufficient_a to_o felicity_n and_o he_o who_o with_o plato_n shall_v place_v beatitude_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n will_v have_v his_o thought_n raise_v to_o other_o contemplation_n than_o those_o who_o look_v not_o beyond_o this_o spot_n of_o earth_n and_o those_o perish_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o it_o he_o that_o with_o archelaus_n shall_v lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n that_o right_o and_o wrong_n honest_a and_o dishonest_a be_v define_v only_o by_o law_n and_o not_o by_o nature_n will_v have_v other_o measure_n of_o moral_a rectitude_n and_o pravity_n than_o those_o who_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v under_o obligation_n antecedent_n to_o all_o (null)_o constitution_n §_o 5._o if_o therefore_o those_o that_o pass_v for_o principle_n be_v not_o certain_a which_o we_o must_v have_v some_o way_n to_o know_v that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o that_o be_v doubtful_a but_o be_v only_o make_v so_o to_o we_o by_o our_o blind_a assent_n we_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v mislead_v by_o they_o and_o instead_o of_o be_v guide_v into_o truth_n we_o shall_v by_o principle_n be_v only_o confirm_v in_o mistake_n and_o error_n §_o 6._o but_o since_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o principle_n as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o other_o truth_n depend_v only_o upon_o the_o perception_n we_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n the_o way_n to_o improve_v our_o knowledge_n be_v not_o i_o be_o sure_a blind_o and_o with_o a_o implicit_a faith_n to_o receive_v and_o swallow_v principle_n but_o be_v i_o think_v to_o get_v and_o fix_v in_o our_o mind_n clear_a distinct_a and_o complete_a idea_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o annex_v to_o they_o proper_a and_o constant_a name_n and_o thus_o perhaps_o without_o any_o other_o principle_n but_o bare_o consider_v those_o perfect_a idea_n and_o by_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o find_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n and_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o habitude_n we_o shall_v get_v more_o true_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o this_o one_o rule_n than_o by_o take_v up_o principle_n and_o thereby_o put_v our_o mind_n into_o the_o disposal_n of_o other_o §_o 7._o we_o must_v therefore_o if_o we_o will_v proceed_v as_o reason_n advise_v adapt_v our_o method_n of_o enquiry_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o idea_n we_o examine_v and_o the_o truth_n we_o search_v after_o general_n and_o certain_a truth_n be_v only_o found_v in_o the_o habitude_n and_o relation_n of_o abstract_n idea_n a_o sagacious_a and_o methodical_a application_n of_o our_o thought_n for_o the_o find_v out_o these_o relation_n be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o discover_v all_o that_o can_v be_v put_v with_o truth_n and_o certainty_n concern_v they_o into_o general_a proposition_n by_o what_o step_v we_o be_v to_o proceed_v be_v to_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o mathematician_n who_o from_o very_o plain_a and_o easy_a beginning_n by_o gentle_a degree_n and_o a_o continue_a chain_n of_o reason_v proceed_v to_o the_o discovery_n and_o demonstration_n of_o truth_n that_o appear_v at_o first_o sight_n beyond_o (null)_o capacity_n the_o art_n of_o find_v proof_n and_o the_o idea_n that_o demonstrative_o show_v the_o equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o unapplicable_a quantity_n be_v i_o confess_v of_o great_a help_n to_o they_o but_o whether_o something_o like_o this_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o idea_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o magnitude_n may_v not_o in_o time_n be_v find_v out_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o if_o other_o idea_n that_o be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n be_v pursue_v in_o the_o way_n familiar_a to_o mathematician_n they_o will_v carry_v our_o thought_n far_o and_o with_o great_a evidence_n and_o clearness_n
this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n where_o knowledge_n and_o plenty_n seem_v to_o vie_v each_o with_o other_o yet_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v serious_o reflect_v on_o it_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v appear_v past_a doubt_n that_o be_v the_o use_n of_o iron_n lose_v among_o we_o we_o shall_v in_o a_o few_o age_n be_v unavoidable_o reduce_v to_o the_o want_v and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_a savage_a american_n who_o natural_a endowment_n and_o provision_n come_v no_o way_n short_a of_o those_o of_o the_o most_o flourish_a and_o polite_a notion_n so_o that_o he_o who_o first_o make_v know_v the_o use_n of_o that_o one_o contemptible_a mineral_n may_v be_v true_o style_v the_o father_n of_o art_n and_o author_n of_o plenty_n §_o 12._o i_o will_v not_o therefore_o be_v think_v to_o disesteem_n or_o dissuade_v the_o study_n of_o nature_n i_o ready_o agree_v the_o contemplation_n of_o his_o work_n give_v we_o occasion_n to_o admire_v revere_a and_o glorify_v their_o author_n and_o if_o right_o direct_v may_v be_v of_o great_a benefit_n to_o mankind_n than_o the_o monument_n of_o exemplary_a charity_n that_o have_v at_o so_o great_a charge_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o founder_n of_o hospital_n and_o almshouse_n he_o that_o first_o invent_v print_v discover_v the_o use_n of_o the_o compass_n or_o make_v public_a the_o virtue_n and_o right_a use_n of_o kin_n kina_n do_v more_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o knowledge_n for_o the_o acquisition_n of_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o save_v more_o from_o the_o grave_a than_o those_o who_o build_v college_n work-house_n and_o hospital_n all_o that_o i_o will_v say_v be_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v too_o forward_o possess_v with_o the_o opinion_n or_o expectation_n of_o knowledge_n where_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v or_o by_o way_n that_o will_v not_o attain_v it_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o take_v doubtful_a system_n for_o complete_a science_n nor_o unintelligible_a notion_n for_o scientifical_a demonstration_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o body_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o glean_v what_o we_o can_v from_o particular_a experiment_n since_o we_o can_v from_o a_o discovery_n of_o their_o real_a essence_n grasp_v at_o a_o time_n whole_a sheaf_n and_o in_o bundle_n comprehend_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o whole_a species_n together_o where_o our_o enquiry_n be_v concern_v coexistence_n or_o repugnancy_n to_o co-exist_a which_o by_o contemplation_n of_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v discover_v there_o experience_v observation_n and_o natural_a history_n must_v give_v we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o by_o retail_n a_o insight_n into_o corporeal_a substance_n the_o knowledge_n of_o body_n we_o must_v get_v by_o our_o sense_n wary_o employ_v in_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o quality_n and_o operation_n on_o one_o another_o and_o what_o we_o hope_v to_o know_v of_o separate_a spirit_n in_o this_o world_n we_o must_v i_o think_v expect_v only_o from_o revelation_n he_o that_o shall_v consider_v how_o little_a general_a maxim_n precarious_a principle_n and_o hypothesis_n lay_v down_o at_o pleasure_n have_v promote_v true_a knowledge_n or_o help_v to_o satisfy_v the_o inquiry_n of_o rational_a man_n after_o real_a improvement_n how_o little_a i_o say_v the_o set_v out_o at_o the_o end_n have_v for_o many_o age_n together_o advance_a man_n progress_n towards_o the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n will_v think_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v those_o man_n who_o in_o this_o latter_a age_n have_v take_v another_o course_n and_o have_v tread_v out_o to_o we_o though_o not_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o learned_a ignorance_n yet_o a_o sure_a way_n to_o profitable_a knowledge_n §_o 13._o not_o that_o we_o may_v not_o to_o explain_v any_o phoenomena_fw-la of_o nature_n make_v use_n of_o any_o probable_a hypothesis_n whatsoever_o hypothesis_n if_o they_o be_v well_o make_v be_v at_o least_o great_a help_n to_o the_o memory_n and_o often_o direct_v we_o to_o new_a discovery_n but_o my_o mean_v be_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o take_v up_o any_o one_o too_o hasty_o which_o the_o mind_n that_o will_v always_o penetrate_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n and_o have_v principle_n to_o rest_v on_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o do_v till_o we_o have_v very_o well_o examine_v particular_n and_o make_v several_a experiment_n in_o that_o thing_n we_o will_v explain_v by_o our_o hypothesis_n and_o see_v whether_o it_o will_v agree_v to_o they_o all_o whether_o our_o principle_n will_v carry_v we_o quite_o through_o and_o not_o be_v as_o inconsistent_a with_o one_o phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o seem_v to_o accommodate_v and_o explain_v another_o and_o at_o least_o that_o we_o take_v care_n that_o the_o name_n of_o principle_n deceive_v we_o not_o nor_o impose_v on_o we_o by_o make_v we_o receive_v that_o for_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n which_o be_v real_o at_o best_a but_o a_o very_a doubtful_a conjecture_n such_o as_o be_v most_o i_o have_v almost_o say_v all_o of_o the_o hypothesis_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n §_o 14._o but_o whether_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v capable_a of_o certainty_n or_o no_o the_o way_n to_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v capable_a seem_v to_o i_o in_o short_a to_o be_v these_o two_o first_o the_o first_o be_v to_o get_v and_o settle_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v clear_a distinct_a and_o constant_a idea_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o will_v consider_v and_o know_v for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n can_v exceed_v our_o idea_n where_o they_o be_v either_o imperfect_a or_o obscure_a we_o can_v expect_v to_o have_v certain_a and_o perfect_a knowledge_n second_o the_o other_o be_v the_o art_n of_o find_v out_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o may_v show_v we_o the_o agreement_n or_o repugnancy_n of_o other_o idea_n which_o can_v be_v immediate_o compare_v §_o 15._o that_o these_o two_o and_o not_o the_o rely_v on_o maxim_n and_o draw_v consequence_n from_o some_o general_a proposition_n be_v the_o right_a method_n of_o improve_n our_o knowledge_n in_o other_o idea_n of_o modes_n the_o consideration_n of_o mathematical_a knowledge_n will_v easy_o inform_v we_o where_o first_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o he_o that_o have_v not_o a_o perfect_a and_o clear_a idea_n of_o those_o angles_n or_o figure_n of_o which_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v any_o thing_n be_v utter_o thereby_o uncapable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n about_o they_o suppose_v but_o a_o man_n not_o to_o have_v a_o perfect_a exact_a idea_n of_o a_o right_a angle_n a_o scalenum_n or_o trapezium_fw-la and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o clear_a that_o he_o will_v in_o vain_a seek_v any_o demonstration_n about_o they_o and_o far_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o influence_n of_o those_o maxim_n which_o be_v take_v for_o principle_n in_o mathematics_n that_o have_v lead_v the_o master_n of_o that_o science_n into_o those_o wonderful_a discovery_n they_o have_v make_v let_v a_o man_n of_o good_a part_n know_v all_o the_o maxim_n general_o make_v use_n of_o in_o mathematics_n never_o so_o perfect_o and_o contemplate_v their_o extent_n and_o and_o consequence_n as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v he_o will_v by_o their_o assistence_n i_o suppose_v scarce_o ever_o come_v to_o know_v that_o the_o square_a of_o the_o hypotieneuson_n in_o a_o right_a angle_a triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o two_o other_o side_n the_o knowledge_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n and_o if_o you_o take_v equal_a from_o equal_a the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_a etc._n etc._n help_v he_o not_o i_o presume_v to_o this_o demonstration_n and_o a_o man_n may_v i_o think_v poor_a long_a enough_o on_o those_o axiom_n without_o ever_o see_v one_o jot_n the_o more_o of_o mathematical_a truth_n they_o have_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o thought_n otherways_o apply_v the_o mind_n have_v other_o object_n other_o view_v before_o it_o far_o different_a from_o those_o maxim_n when_o it_o first_o get_v the_o knowledge_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o truth_n in_o mathematics_n which_o man_n well_o enough_o acquaint_v with_o those_o receive_a axiom_n but_o ignorant_a of_o their_o method_n who_o first_o make_v these_o demonstration_n can_v never_o sufficient_o admire_v and_o who_o know_v what_o method_n may_v hereafter_o be_v find_v out_o to_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n in_o other_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o algebra_n in_o mathematics_n which_o so_o ready_o find_v out_o idea_n of_o quantity_n to_o measure_v other_o by_o who_o equality_n or_o proportion_n we_o can_v otherwise_o very_o hardly_o or_o perhaps_o never_o come_v to_o know_v chap._n xiii_o some_o far_a consideration_n concern_v our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o our_o knowledge_n as_o in_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o this_o have_v a_o great_a conformity_n with_o our_o sight_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o whole_o necessary_a nor_o
whole_o voluntary_a if_o our_o knowledge_n be_v altogether_o necessary_a all_o man_n knowledge_n will_v not_o only_o be_v alike_o but_o every_o man_n will_v know_v all_o that_o be_v knowable_a and_o if_o it_o be_v whole_o voluntary_a some_o man_n so_o little_a regard_n or_o value_v it_o that_o they_o will_v have_v extreme_a little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o man_n that_o have_v sense_n can_v choose_v but_o receive_v some_o idea_n by_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v memory_n they_o can_v but_o retain_v some_o of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v any_o distinguish_a faculty_n can_v but_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o some_o of_o they_o one_o with_o another_o as_o he_o that_o have_v eye_n if_o he_o will_v open_v they_o by_o day_n can_v but_o see_v some_o object_n and_o perceive_v a_o difference_n in_o they_o but_o though_o a_o man_n with_o his_o eye_n open_a in_o the_o light_n can_v but_o see_v yet_o there_o be_v certain_a object_n which_o he_o may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v turn_v his_o eye_n to_o there_o may_v be_v in_o his_o reach_n a_o book_n contain_v picture_n and_o discourse_n capable_a to_o delight_v or_o instruct_v he_o which_o yet_o he_o may_v never_o have_v the_o will_v to_o open_v never_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o look_v into_o §_o 2._o there_o be_v also_o another_o thing_n in_o a_o man_n power_n and_o that_o be_v though_o he_o turn_v his_o eye_n sometime_o towards_o a_o object_n yet_o he_o may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v intent_o survey_v it_o and_o with_o a_o accurate_a search_n endeavour_v to_o observe_v all_o that_o be_v visible_a in_o it_o but_o yet_o what_o he_o do_v see_v he_o can_v see_v otherwise_o than_o he_o do_v it_o depend_v not_o on_o his_o will_n to_o see_v that_o black_a which_o appear_v yellow_a nor_o to_o persuade_v himself_o that_o what_o actual_o scald_v he_o feel_v cold_a the_o earth_n will_v not_o appear_v paint_v with_o flower_n nor_o the_o field_n cover_v with_o verdure_n whenever_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o in_o the_o cold_a winter_n he_o can_v help_v see_v it_o white_a and_o hoary_a if_o he_o will_v look_v abroad_o just_o thus_o be_v it_o with_o our_o understanding_n all_o that_o be_v voluntary_a in_o our_o knowledge_n be_v the_o employ_v or_o withhold_a any_o of_o our_o faculty_n from_o this_o or_o that_o sort_n of_o object_n and_o a_o more_o or_o less_o accurate_a survey_n of_o they_o but_o they_o be_v employ_v our_o will_n have_v no_o power_n to_o determine_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o mind_n one_o way_n or_o other_o that_o be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o object_n themselves_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v clear_o discover_v and_o therefore_o as_o far_o as_o man_n sense_n be_v conversant_a about_o external_a object_n the_o mind_n can_v but_o receive_v those_o idea_n which_o be_v present_v by_o they_o and_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n without_o and_o so_o far_o as_o man_n thought_n converse_v with_o their_o own_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o can_v but_z in_o some_o measure_n observe_v the_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o some_o of_o they_o which_o be_v so_o far_o knowledge_n and_o if_o they_o have_v name_n for_o those_o idea_n they_o have_v thus_o consider_v they_o must_v needs_o be_v assure_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o those_o proposition_n which_o express_v that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o perceive_v in_o they_o and_o be_v undoubted_o convince_v of_o those_o truth_n for_o what_o a_o man_n see_v he_o can_v but_o see_v and_o what_o he_o perceive_v he_o can_v but_o know_v that_o he_o perceive_v §_o 3._o thus_o he_o that_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o number_n and_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o compare_v one_o two_o and_o three_o to_o six_o can_v choose_v but_o know_v that_o they_o be_v equal_a he_o that_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o find_v the_o way_n to_o measure_v its_o angle_n and_o their_o magnitude_n be_v as_o certain_a that_o its_o three_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o as_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v he_o also_o that_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o intelligent_a but_o frail_a and_o weak_a be_v make_v by_o and_o depend_v on_o another_o who_o be_v eternal_a omnipotent_a perfect_o wise_a and_o good_a will_v as_o certain_o know_v that_o man_n be_v to_o honour_n fear_v and_o obey_v god_n as_o that_o the_o sun_n shine_v when_o he_o see_v it_o for_o if_o he_o have_v but_o the_o idea_n of_o two_o such_o being_n in_o his_o mind_n and_o will_v turn_v his_o thought_n that_o way_n and_o consider_v they_o he_o will_v as_o certain_o find_v that_o the_o inferior_a finite_a and_o dependent_a be_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obey_v the_o supreme_a and_o infinite_a as_o he_o be_v certain_a to_o find_v that_o three_o five_o and_o seven_o be_v less_o than_o fifteen_o if_o he_o will_v consider_v and_o compute_v those_o number_n nor_o can_v he_o be_v sure_a in_o a_o clear_a morning_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v if_o he_o will_v but_o open_v his_o eye_n and_o turn_v they_o that_o way_n but_o yet_o these_o truth_n be_v never_o so_o certain_a never_o so_o clear_a he_o may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o either_o or_o all_o of_o they_o who_o will_v never_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o employ_v his_o faculty_n as_o he_o shall_v to_o inform_v himself_o about_o they_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o judgement_n §_o 1._o the_o understanding_n faculty_n be_v give_v to_o man_n not_o bare_o for_o speculation_n but_o also_o for_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o life_n man_n will_v be_v at_o a_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o direct_v he_o but_o what_o have_v the_o certainty_n of_o true_a knowledge_n for_o that_o be_v very_o short_a and_o scanty_a as_o we_o have_v see_v he_o will_v be_v often_o utter_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o in_o most_o of_o the_o action_n of_o his_o life_n perfect_o at_o a_o stand_n have_v he_o nothing_o to_o guide_v he_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o clear_a and_o certain_a knowledge_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o eat_v till_o he_o have_v demonstration_n that_o it_o will_v nourish_v he_o he_o that_o will_v not_o stir_v till_o he_o infallible_o know_v the_o business_n he_o go_v about_o will_v succeed_v will_v have_v little_a else_o to_o do_v but_o sit_v still_o and_o perish_v §_o 2._o therefore_o as_o god_n have_v set_v some_o thing_n in_o broad_a daylight_n as_o he_o have_v give_v we_o some_o certain_a knowledge_n though_o limit_v to_o a_o few_o thing_n in_o comparison_n probable_o as_o a_o taste_n of_o what_o intellectual_a creature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o excite_v in_o we_o a_o desire_n and_o endeavour_v after_o a_o better_a state_n so_o in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o concernment_n he_o have_v afford_v we_o only_o the_o twilight_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v of_o probability_n suitable_a i_o presume_v to_o that_o state_n of_o mediocrity_n and_o probationership_n he_o have_v be_v please_v to_o place_n in_o we_o here_o wherein_o we_o may_v not_o be_v over_o confident_a and_o presume_v but_o may_v by_o every_o day_n experience_n be_v make_v sensible_a of_o our_o short-sightedness_n and_o liableness_n to_o error_n which_o may_v be_v a_o constant_a admonition_n to_o we_o to_o spend_v the_o day_n of_o this_o our_o pilgrimage_n with_o industry_n and_o care_n in_o the_o search_n and_o follow_v of_o that_o way_n which_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o state_n of_o great_a perfection_n it_o be_v high_o rational_a to_o think_v even_o where_o revelation_n be_v silent_a in_o the_o case_n that_o as_o man_n employ_v those_o talent_n god_n have_v give_v they_o here_o they_o shall_v according_o receive_v their_o reward_n at_o the_o close_a of_o the_o day_n when_o their_o sun_n shall_v set_v and_o night_n shall_v put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o labour_n §_o 3._o the_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v man_n to_o enlighten_v he_o next_o to_o clear_v and_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v judgement_n whereby_o the_o mind_n take_v its_o idea_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o any_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a without_o perceive_v a_o demonstrative_a evidence_n in_o the_o proof_n the_o mind_n sometime_o exercise_v this_o judgement_n out_o of_o necessity_n where_o demonstrative_a proof_n and_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v and_o sometime_o out_o of_o laziness_n unskilfulness_n or_o haste_v even_o where_o demonstrative_a and_o certain_a proof_n be_v to_o be_v have_v man_n often_o stay_v not_o wary_o to_o examine_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n which_o they_o be_v desirous_a or_o concern_v to_o know_v but_o either_o incapable_a of_o such_o attention_n as_o be_v requisite_a in_o a_o long_a train_n
reason_n in_o that_o part_n which_o if_o not_o its_o high_a perfection_n be_v yet_o certain_o its_o hard_a task_n and_o that_o which_o we_o most_o need_v its_o help_n in_o and_o that_o be_v the_o find_v out_o of_o proof_n and_o make_v new_a discovery_n the_o rule_n of_o syllogism_n serve_v not_o to_o furnish_v the_o mind_n with_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n that_o may_v show_v the_o connexion_n of_o remote_a one_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v discover_v no_o new_a proof_n but_o be_v the_o art_n of_o marshal_v and_o range_v the_o old_a one_o we_o have_v already_o the_o 47th_o proposition_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n be_v very_o true_a but_o the_o discovery_n of_o it_o i_o think_v not_o owe_v to_o any_o rule_n of_o common_a logic_n a_o man_n know_v first_o and_o then_o he_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v syllogistical_o so_o that_o syllogism_n come_v after_o knowledge_n and_o then_o a_o man_n have_v little_a or_o no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v chief_o by_o the_o find_v out_o those_o idea_n that_o show_v the_o connexion_n of_o distant_a one_o that_o our_o stock_n of_o knowledge_n be_v increase_v and_o that_o useful_a art_n and_o science_n be_v advance_v syllogism_n at_o best_a be_v but_o the_o art_n of_o fence_v with_o the_o little_a knowledge_n we_o have_v without_o make_v any_o addition_n to_o it_o and_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v employ_v his_o reason_n all_o this_o way_n he_o will_v not_o do_v much_o otherwise_o than_o he_o who_o have_v get_v some_o iron_n out_o of_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v have_v it_o beat_v up_o all_o into_o sword_n and_o put_v it_o into_o his_o servant_n hand_n to_o fence_v with_o and_o bang_n one_o another_o have_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n employ_v the_o hand_n of_o his_o people_n and_o his_o spanish_a iron_n so_o he_o have_v bring_v to_o light_v but_o little_a of_o that_o treasure_n that_o lie_v so_o long_o hide_v in_o the_o dark_a entrail_n of_o america_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o shall_v employ_v all_o the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n only_o in_o brandish_v of_o syllogism_n will_v discover_v very_o little_a of_o that_o mass_n of_o knowledge_n which_o lie_v yet_o conceal_v in_o the_o secret_a recess_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v native_a rustic_a reason_n as_o it_o former_o have_v do_v be_v likely_a to_o open_v a_o way_n to_o and_o add_v to_o the_o common_a stock_n of_o mankind_n rather_o than_o any_o scholastic_a proceed_v by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o mode_n and_o figure_n §_o 7._o i_o doubt_v not_o nevertheless_o but_o there_o be_v way_n to_o be_v find_v to_o assist_v our_o reason_n in_o this_o most_o useful_a part_n and_o this_o the_o judicious_a hooker_n encourage_v i_o to_o say_v who_o in_o his_o eccl._n pol._n l._n 1._o §_o 6._o speak_v thus_o if_o there_o may_v be_v add_v the_o right_a help_n of_o true_a art_n and_o learning_n which_o help_v i_o must_v plain_o confess_v this_o age_n of_o the_o world_n carry_v the_o name_n of_o a_o learned_a age_n do_v neither_o much_o know_v nor_o general_o regard_v there_o will_v undoubted_o be_v almost_o as_o much_o difference_n in_o maturity_n of_o judgement_n between_o man_n therewith_o enure_v and_o that_o which_o now_o man_n be_v as_o between_z man_n that_o be_v now_o and_o innocent_n i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o have_v find_v or_o discover_v here_o any_o of_o those_o right_a help_n of_o art_n this_o great_a man_n of_o deep_a thought_n mention_n but_o this_o be_v plain_a that_o syllogism_n and_o the_o logic_n now_o in_o use_n which_o be_v as_o well_o know_v in_o his_o day_n can_v be_v none_o of_o those_o he_o mean_v it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o if_o by_o a_o discourse_n perhaps_o something_o out_o of_o the_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a as_o to_o i_o whole_o new_a and_o unborrowed_a i_o shall_v have_v give_v occasion_n to_o other_o to_o cast_v about_o for_o new_a discovery_n and_o to_o seek_v in_o their_o own_o thought_n for_o those_o right_a help_n of_o art_n which_o will_v scarce_o be_v find_v i_o fear_v by_o those_o who_o servile_o confine_v themselves_o to_o the_o rule_n and_o dictate_v of_o other_o for_o beat_a tract_n lead_v these_o sort_n of_o cattle_n as_o a_o observe_a roman_n call_v they_o who_o thought_n reach_v only_o to_o imitation_n non_fw-la quo_fw-la eundum_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la quo_fw-la itur_fw-la but_o i_o can_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v that_o this_o age_n be_v adorn_v with_o some_o man_n of_o that_o strength_n of_o judgement_n and_o largeness_n of_o comprehension_n that_o if_o they_o will_v employ_v their_o thought_n on_o this_o subject_a can_v open_v new_a and_o undiscovered_a way_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o knowledge_n §_o 8._o have_v here_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o syllogism_n in_o general_n and_o the_o use_v of_o it_o in_o reason_v and_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n it_o be_v fit_a before_o i_o leave_v this_o subject_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o one_o manifest_a mistake_n in_o the_o rule_n of_o syllogism_n viz._n that_o no_o syllogistical_a reason_v can_v be_v right_a and_o conclusive_a but_o what_o have_v at_o least_o one_o general_a proposition_n in_o it_o as_o if_o we_o can_v not_o reason_n and_o have_v knowledge_n about_o particular_n whereas_o in_o truth_n the_o matter_n right_o consider_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o all_o our_o reason_v and_o knowledge_n be_v nothing_o but_o particular_n every_o man_n be_v reason_v and_o knowledge_n be_v only_o about_o the_o idea_n exist_v in_o his_o own_o mind_n which_o be_v true_o every_o one_o of_o they_o particular_a existence_n and_o our_o knowledge_n and_o reason_v about_o other_o thing_n be_v only_o as_o they_o correspond_v with_o those_o our_o particular_a idea_n so_o that_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o particular_a idea_n be_v the_o whole_a and_o utmost_a of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n universality_n be_v but_o accidental_a to_o it_o and_o consist_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o particular_a idea_n about_o which_o it_o be_v be_v such_o as_o more_o than_o one_o particular_a thing_n can_v correspond_v with_o and_o be_v represent_v by_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n and_o consequent_o our_o knowledge_n be_v equal_o clear_a and_o certain_a whether_o either_o or_o both_o or_o neither_o of_o those_o idea_n be_v capable_a of_o represent_v more_o real_a being_n than_o one_o or_o no._n §_o 9_o reason_n though_o it_o penetrate_v into_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n elevate_v our_o thought_n as_o high_a as_o the_o star_n and_o lead_v we_o through_o the_o vast_a space_n and_o large_a room_n of_o this_o mighty_a fabric_n yet_o it_o come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o real_a extent_n of_o even_o corporeal_a be_v and_o there_o be_v many_o instance_n wherein_o it_o fail_v we_o as_o first_o it_o perfect_o fail_v we_o where_o our_o idea_n fail_v it_o neither_o do_v nor_o can_v extend_v itself_o far_o than_o they_o do_v and_o therefore_o wherever_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n our_o reason_v stop_v and_o we_o be_v at_o a_o end_n of_o our_o reckon_a and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n we_o reason_n about_o word_n which_o do_v not_o stand_v for_o any_o idea_n it_o be_v only_o about_o those_o sound_n and_o nothing_o else_o §_o 10._o second_o our_o reason_n be_v often_o puzzle_v and_o at_o a_o loss_n because_o of_o the_o scurity_n confusion_n or_o imperfection_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o be_v employ_v about_o and_o there_o we_o be_v involve_v in_o difficulty_n and_o contradiction_n thus_o not_o have_v any_o perfect_a idea_n of_o the_o least_o extension_n of_o matter_n nor_o of_o infinity_o we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n about_o the_o divisibility_n of_o matter_n but_o have_v perfect_a clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o number_n our_o reason_n meet_v with_o none_o of_o those_o inextricable_a difficulty_n in_o number_n nor_o find_v itself_o involve_v in_o any_o contradiction_n about_o they_o thus_o we_o have_v but_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n upon_o our_o body_n or_o thought_n and_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o either_o motion_n or_o thought_n in_o we_o and_o much_o imperfect_a yet_o of_o the_o operation_n of_o god_n run_v into_o great_a difficulty_n about_o free_a create_a agent_n which_o reason_n can_v well_o extricate_v itself_o out_o of_o §_o 11._o three_o our_o reason_n be_v often_o at_o a_o stand_n because_o it_o perceive_v not_o those_o idea_n which_o can_v serve_v to_o show_v the_o certain_a or_o probable_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o other_o idea_n and_o in_o this_o some_o man_n faculty_n far_o out-go_v other_o till_o algebra_n that_o great_a instrument_n and_o instance_n of_o (null)_o sagacity_n be_v discover_v man_n with_o amazement_n
whatsoever_o impression_n he_o himself_o may_v have_v from_o the_o immediate_a hand_n of_o god_n this_o revelation_n if_o it_o be_v of_o new_a simple_a idea_n can_v be_v convey_v to_o another_o either_o by_o word_n or_o any_o other_o sign_n because_o word_n by_o their_o immediate_a operation_n on_o we_o cause_v no_o other_o idea_n but_o of_o their_o natural_a sound_n and_o it_o be_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o use_v they_o for_o sign_n that_o they_o excite_v and_o revive_v in_o our_o mind_n latent_fw-la idea_n but_o yet_o only_a such_o idea_n as_o be_v there_o before_o for_o word_n see_v or_o hear_v recall_v to_o our_o thought_n those_o idea_n only_o which_o to_o we_o they_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o be_v sign_n of_o but_o can_v introduce_v any_o perfect_o new_a simple_a idea_n which_o be_v never_o there_o before_o the_o same_o hold_v in_o all_o other_o sign_n which_o can_v signify_v to_o we_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o have_v before_o never_o have_v any_o idea_n at_o all_o thus_o whatever_o thing_n be_v discover_v to_o st._n paul_n when_o he_o be_v rap_v up_o into_o the_o three_o heaven_n whatever_o new_a idea_n his_o mind_n there_o receive_v all_o the_o description_n he_o can_v make_v to_o other_o of_o that_o place_n be_v only_o this_o that_o there_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o eye_n have_v not_o see_v nor_o ear_n hear_v nor_o have_v it_o enter_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n to_o conceive_v and_o suppose_v god_n shall_v discover_v to_o any_o one_o supernatural_o a_o species_n of_o creature_n inhabit_v for_o example_n jupiter_n or_o saturn_n for_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a there_o may_v be_v such_o no_o body_n can_v deny_v which_o have_v six_o sense_n and_o imprint_v on_o his_o mind_n the_o idea_n convey_v to_o they_o by_o that_o six_o sense_n he_o can_v no_o more_o by_o word_n produce_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o man_n those_o idea_n imprint_v by_o that_o six_o sense_n than_o one_o of_o we_o can_v convey_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o colour_n by_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n into_o a_o man_n who_o have_v the_o other_o four_o sense_n perfect_a have_v always_o total_o want_v the_o five_o of_o see_v for_o our_o simple_a idea_n then_o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n and_o sole_a matter_n of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o knowledge_n we_o must_v depend_v whole_o on_o our_o reason_n i_o mean_v our_o natural_a faculty_n and_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n receive_v they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o from_o traditional_a revelation_n i_o say_v traditional_a revelation_n in_o distinction_n to_o original_a revelation_n by_o the_o one_o i_o mean_v that_o first_o impression_n which_o be_v make_v immediate_o by_o god_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o man_n to_o which_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o set_v any_o bound_n and_o by_o the_o other_o those_o impression_n deliver_v over_o to_o other_o in_o word_n and_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o convey_v our_o conception_n one_o to_o another_o §_o 4._o second_o i_o say_v that_o the_o same_o truth_n may_v be_v discover_v and_o convey_v down_o from_o revelation_n which_o be_v discoverable_a to_o we_o by_o reason_n and_o those_o clear_a idea_n we_o have_v so_o god_n may_v by_o revelation_n discover_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n in_o euclid_n as_o well_o as_o man_n by_o the_o natural_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n come_v to_o make_v the_o discovery_n themselves_o in_o all_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n there_o be_v little_a need_n or_o use_v of_o revelation_n god_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o natural_a and_o sure_a mean_n to_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o for_o whatsoever_o truth_n we_o come_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o from_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o clear_a idea_n will_v always_o be_v certain_a to_o we_o than_o those_o which_o be_v convey_v to_o we_o by_o traditional_a revelation_n for_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v that_o this_o revelation_n come_v at_o first_o from_o god_n can_v never_o be_v so_o sure_a as_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v from_o our_o own_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n as_o if_o it_o be_v reveal_v some_o age_n since_o that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o i_o may_v assent_v to_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o tradition_n that_o it_o be_v reveal_v but_o that_o will_v never_o amount_v to_o so_o great_a a_o certainty_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o compare_v and_o measure_v my_o own_o clear_a idea_n of_o two_o right_a angle_n and_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n the_o like_a hold_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n knowable_a by_o our_o sense_n v_o g._n the_o history_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v convey_v to_o we_o by_o write_n which_o have_v their_o original_a from_o revelation_n and_o yet_o no_o body_n i_o think_v will_v say_v he_o have_v as_o certain_a and_o clear_v a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o flood_n as_o noah_n that_o see_v it_o or_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v have_v have_v have_v he_o then_o be_v alive_a and_o see_v it_o for_o he_o have_v no_o great_a a_o assurance_n than_o that_o of_o his_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o book_n suppose_v write_v by_o moses_n but_o he_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o assurance_n that_o moses_n write_v that_o book_n as_o if_o he_o have_v see_v moses_n write_v it_o so_o that_o the_o assurance_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n be_v less_o still_a than_o the_o assurance_n of_o his_o sense_n §_o 5._o in_o proposition_n then_o who_o certainty_n be_v build_v upon_o clear_a and_o perfect_a idea_n and_o evident_a deduction_n of_o reason_n we_o need_v not_o the_o assistence_n of_o revelation_n as_o necessary_a to_o gain_v our_o assent_n and_o introduce_v they_o into_o our_o mind_n because_o the_o natural_a way_n of_o knowledge_n can_v settle_v they_o there_o or_o have_v do_v it_o already_o which_o be_v the_o great_a assurance_n we_o can_v possible_o have_v of_o any_o thing_n unless_o where_o god_n immediate_o reveal_v it_o to_o we_o and_o there_o too_o our_o assurance_n can_v be_v no_o great_a than_o our_o knowledge_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o revelation_n from_o god_n but_o yet_o nothing_o i_o think_v can_v under_o that_o title_n shake_v or_o over-rule_v plain_a knowledge_n nor_o rational_o prevail_v with_o any_o man_n to_o admit_v it_o for_o true_a in_o a_o direct_a contradiction_n to_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o his_o own_o understanding_n for_o since_o no_o evidence_n of_o our_o faculty_n by_o which_o we_o receive_v such_o revelation_n can_v exceed_v if_o equal_a the_o certainty_n of_o our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n we_o can_v never_o receive_v for_o a_o truth_n any_o thing_n that_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n v_o g._n the_o idea_n of_o one_o body_n and_o one_o place_n do_v so_o clear_o agree_v and_o the_o mind_n have_v so_o evident_a a_o perception_n of_o it_o that_o we_o can_v never_o assent_v to_o a_o proposition_n that_o affirm_v the_o same_o body_n to_o be_v in_o two_o distant_a place_n at_o once_o however_o it_o shall_v pretend_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o divine_a revelation_n since_o the_o evidence_n first_o that_o we_o deceive_v not_o ourselves_o in_o ascribe_v it_o to_o god_n second_o that_o we_o understand_v it_o right_n can_v never_o be_v so_o great_a as_o the_o evidence_n of_o our_o own_o intuitive_a knowledge_n whereby_o we_o discern_v it_o impossible_a for_o the_o same_o body_n to_o be_v in_o two_o place_n at_o once_o and_o therefore_o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v receive_v for_o divine_a revelation_n or_o obtain_v the_o assent_n due_a to_o all_o such_o if_o it_o be_v contradictory_n to_o our_o clear_a intuitive_a knowledge_n since_o this_o will_v be_v to_o subvert_v the_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n evidence_n and_o assent_v whatsoever_o and_o leave_v no_o difference_n between_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n no_o measure_n of_o credible_a and_o incredible_a in_o the_o world_n if_o doubtful_a proposition_n shall_v take_v place_n before_o self-evident_a and_o what_o we_o certain_o know_v give_v way_n to_o what_o we_o may_v possible_o be_v mistake_v in_o in_o proposition_n therefore_o contrary_a to_o our_o distinct_a and_o clear_a idea_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o urge_v they_o as_o matter_n of_o faith_n they_o can_v move_v our_o assent_n under_o that_o or_o any_o other_o title_n whatsoever_o for_o faith_n can_v never_o convince_v we_o of_o any_o thing_n that_o contradict_v our_o knowledge_n because_o though_o faith_n be_v found_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o god_n reveal_v any_o proposition_n to_o we_o who_o can_v lie_v yet_o we_o can_v have_v a_o assurance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n great_a than_o our_o own_o knowledge_n since_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o certainty_n depend_v upon_o
our_o knowledge_n that_o god_n reveal_v it_o which_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o proposition_n suppose_v reveal_v contradict_v our_o knowledge_n or_o reason_n will_v always_o have_v this_o objection_n hang_v to_o it_o viz._n that_o we_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o conceive_v that_o to_o come_v from_o god_n the_o bountiful_a author_n of_o our_o be_v which_o if_o receive_v for_o true_a must_v overturn_v all_o our_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o knowledge_n render_v all_o our_o faculty_n useless_a whole_o destroy_v the_o most_o excellent_a part_n of_o his_o workmanship_n our_o understanding_n and_o put_v a_o man_n in_o a_o condition_n wherein_o he_o will_v have_v less_o light_a less_o conduct_n than_o the_o beast_n that_o perish_v for_o if_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v never_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o perhaps_o not_o so_o clear_a a_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n as_o it_o have_v of_o the_o principle_n of_o its_o own_o reason_n it_o can_v never_o have_v a_o ground_n to_o quit_v the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o its_o reason_n to_o give_v place_n to_o a_o proposition_n who_o revelation_n have_v not_o a_o great_a evidence_n §_o 6._o thus_o far_o a_o man_n have_v use_v of_o reason_n and_o aught_o to_o hearken_v to_o it_o even_o in_o immediate_a and_o original_a revelation_n where_o it_o be_v supposed_o make_v to_o himself_o but_o to_o all_o those_o who_o pretend_v not_o to_o immediate_a revelation_n but_o be_v require_v to_o pay_v obedience_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o truth_n reveal_v to_o other_o which_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o write_n or_o word_n of_o mouth_n be_v convey_v down_o to_o they_o reason_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o do_v and_o be_v that_o only_a which_o can_v induce_v we_o to_o receive_v they_o for_o matter_n of_o faith_n be_v only_o divine_a revelation_n and_o nothing_o else_o faith_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n call_v common_o divine_a faith_n have_v to_o do_v with_o no_o proposition_n but_o those_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divine_o reveal_v so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o those_o who_o make_v revelation_n alone_o the_o sole_a object_n of_o faith_n can_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o not_o of_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o such_o or_o such_o a_o proposition_n to_o be_v find_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o book_n be_v of_o divine_a inspiration_n unless_o it_o be_v reveal_v that_o that_o proposition_n or_o all_o in_o that_o book_n be_v communicate_v by_o divine_a inspiration_n without_o such_o a_o revelation_n the_o believe_a or_o not_o believe_v that_o proposition_n or_o book_n to_o be_v of_o divine_a authority_n can_v never_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n but_o matter_n of_o reason_n and_o such_o as_o i_o must_v come_v to_o a_o assent_n to_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o my_o reason_n which_o can_v never_o require_v or_o enable_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o itself_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o reason_n ever_o to_o procure_v any_o assent_n to_o that_o which_o to_o itself_o appear_v unreasonable_a in_o all_o thing_n therefore_o where_o we_o have_v clear_a evidence_n from_o our_o idea_n and_o those_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n i_o have_v above_o mention_v reason_n be_v the_o proper_a judge_n and_o revelation_n though_o it_o may_v in_o consent_v with_o it_o confirm_v its_o dictate_v yet_o can_v in_o such_o case_n invalidate_v its_o decree_n nor_o can_v we_o be_v oblige_v where_o we_o have_v the_o clear_a and_o evident_a sentence_n of_o reason_n to_o quit_v it_o for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n under_o a_o pretence_n that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n §_o 7._o but_o three_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n wherein_o we_o have_v very_o imperfect_a notion_n or_o none_o at_o all_o and_o other_o thing_n of_o who_o past_a present_a or_o future_a existence_n by_o the_o natural_a use_n of_o our_o faculty_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o these_o as_o be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n and_o above_o reason_n be_v when_o reveal_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o faith_n thus_o that_o part_n of_o the_o angel_n rebel_v against_o god_n and_o thereby_o lose_v their_o first_o happy_a state_n and_o that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n shall_v rise_v and_o live_v again_o these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o reason_n be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n with_o which_o reason_n have_v direct_o nothing_o to_o do_v §_o 8._o but_o since_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v under_o the_o character_n of_o divine_a revelation_n be_v esteem_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o there_o be_v among_o they_o several_a thing_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o reason_n and_o be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v judge_v of_o by_o our_o natural_a faculty_n without_o a_o supernatural_a revelation_n in_o these_o revelation_n must_v carry_v it_o against_o the_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o reason_n because_o the_o mind_n not_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o it_o do_v not_o evident_o know_v but_o be_v only_o probable_o convince_v of_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v up_o its_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o testimony_n which_o it_o be_v satisfy_v come_v from_o one_o who_o can_v err_v and_o will_v not_o deceive_v but_o yet_o it_o still_o belong_v to_o reason_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n and_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v indeed_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v think_v revelation_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a principle_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o evident_a knowledge_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o its_o own_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n there_o reason_n must_v be_v hearken_v to_o as_o to_o a_o matter_n within_o its_o province_n since_o a_o man_n can_v never_o have_v so_o certain_a a_o knowledge_n that_o a_o proposition_n which_o contradict_v the_o clear_a principle_n and_o evidence_n of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n be_v divine_o reveal_v or_o that_o he_o understand_v the_o word_n right_o wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o he_o have_v that_o the_o contrary_a be_v true_a and_o so_o be_v bind_v to_o consider_v and_o judge_v of_o it_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o reason_n and_o not_o swallow_v it_o without_o examination_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o faith_n §_o 9_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v first_o whatever_o proposition_n be_v reveal_v of_o who_o truth_n our_o mind_n by_o its_o natural_a faculty_n and_o notion_n can_v judge_v that_o be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o above_o reason_n second_o all_o proposition_n whereof_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n can_v come_v to_o determine_v and_o judge_v from_o natural_a acquire_v idea_n be_v matter_n of_o reason_n with_o this_o difference_n still_o that_o in_o those_o concern_v which_o it_o have_v but_o a_o uncertain_a evidence_n and_o so_o be_v persuade_v of_o their_o truth_n only_o upon_o probable_a ground_n which_o still_o admit_v a_o possibility_n of_o the_o contrary_a to_o be_v true_a without_o do_v violence_n to_o the_o certain_a evidence_n of_o its_o own_o knowledge_n and_o overturning_a the_o principle_n of_o all_o reason_n in_o such_o probable_a proposition_n i_o say_v a_o evident_a revelation_n ought_v to_o determine_v our_o assent_n even_o against_o probability_n for_o where_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n have_v not_o determine_v a_o proposition_n to_o be_v certain_o true_a or_o false_a there_o clear_a revelation_n as_o another_o principle_n of_o truth_n and_o ground_n of_o assent_n may_v determine_v and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o be_v also_o above_o reason_n because_o reason_n in_o that_o particular_a matter_n be_v able_a to_o reach_v no_o high_o than_o probability_n faith_n give_v the_o determination_n where_o reason_n come_v short_a and_o revelation_n discover_v on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n lay_v §_o 10._o thus_o far_o the_o dominion_n of_o faith_n reach_v and_o that_o without_o any_o violence_n or_o hindrance_n to_o reason_n which_o be_v not_o injure_v or_o disturb_v but_o assist_v and_o improve_v by_o new_a discovery_n of_o truth_n come_v from_o the_o eternal_a fountain_n of_o all_o knowledge_n whatever_o god_n have_v reveal_v be_v certain_o true_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o this_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o faith_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n or_o no_o reason_n must_v judge_v which_o can_v never_o permit_v the_o mind_n to_o reject_v a_o great_a evidence_n to_o embrace_v what_o be_v less_o evident_a nor_o prefer_v less_o certainty_n to_o the_o great_a there_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n that_o any_o traditional_a revelation_n be_v of_o divine_a original_a in_o the_o word_n we_o receive_v it_o and_o in_o the_o sense_n we_o understand_v it_o so_o clear_a and_o so_o certain_a as_o those_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o
natural_o imprint_v by_o he_o answer_v 13_o 16._o idea_n of_o god_n various_a in_o different_a men._n 17._o if_o the_o idea_n of_o god_n be_v not_o innate_a no_o other_o can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a 18._o idea_n of_o substance_n not_o innate_a 19_o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v innate_a since_o idea_n be_v innate_a 20._o principle_n not_o innate_a because_o of_o little_a use_n or_o little_a certainty_n 21._o difference_n of_o man_n discovery_n depend_v upon_o the_o different_a application_n of_o their_o faculty_n 22._o man_n must_v think_v and_o know_v for_o themselves_o 23._o whence_o the_o opinion_n of_o innate_a principle_n 24._o conclusion_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o idea_n in_o general_n sect_n 1._o idea_n be_v the_o object_n of_o think_v 2._o all_o idea_n come_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n 3._o the_o object_n of_o sensation_n one_o source_n of_o idea_n 4._o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n about_o sensible_a idea_n the_o other_o source_n of_o they_o 5._o all_o our_o idea_n be_v of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o these_o 6._o observable_a in_o child_n 7._o man_n be_v different_o furnish_v with_o these_o according_a to_o the_o different_a object_n they_o converse_v with_o 8._o idea_n of_o reflection_n have_v late_a because_o they_o need_v attention_n 9_o the_o soul_n begin_v to_o have_v idea_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o perceive_v 10._o the_o soul_n think_v not_o always_o for_o first_o it_o want_v proof_n 11._o second_o it_o be_v not_o always_o conscious_a of_o it_o 12._o three_o if_o a_o sleep_a man_n think_v without_o know_v it_o the_o sleeping_z and_o wake_v man_n be_v two_o person_n 13._o four_o impossible_a to_o convince_v those_o that_o sleep_n without_o dream_v that_o they_o think_v 14._o five_o that_o man_n dream_v without_o remember_v it_o in_o vain_a urge_v 15._o six_o upon_o their_o hypothesis_n the_o thought_n of_o a_o sleep_a man_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o rational_a 16._o seven_o on_o this_o hypothesis_n the_o soul_n must_v have_v idea_n not_o derive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n of_o of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n 17._o eight_o if_o i_o think_v when_o i_o know_v it_o not_o no_o body_n else_o can_v know_v it_o 18._o nine_o how_o know_v any_o one_o that_o the_o soul_n always_o think_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o self-evident_a proposition_n it_o need_v proof_n 19_o ten_o that_o a_o man_n shoulâ—_n be_v busy_a in_o think_v and_o yet_o not_o retain_v it_o the_o next_o moment_n very_o improbable_a 20_o 24._o no_o idea_n but_o from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n evident_a if_o we_o observe_v child_n 25._o in_o the_o reception_n of_o simple_a idea_n the_o understanding_n be_v most_o of_o all_o passive_a chap._n ii_o of_o simple_a idea_n sect_n 1._o uncompounded_a appearance_n 2_o 3._o the_o mind_n can_v neither_o make_v nor_o destroy_v they_o chap._n iii_o of_o idea_n of_o one_o sense_n sect_n 1._o as_o colour_n of_o see_v sound_v of_o hear_v 2._o few_o simple_a idea_n have_v name_n chap._n iu._n of_o solidity_n sect_n 1._o we_o receive_v this_o idea_n from_o touch_n 2._o solidity_n fill_v space_n 3._o distinct_a from_o space_n 4._o from_o hardness_n 5._o on_o solidity_n depend_v impulse_n resistance_n and_o protrusion_n 6._o what_o it_o be_v chap._n v._n of_o simple_a idea_n by_o more_o than_o one_o sense_n chap._n vi_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n sect_n 1._o be_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o other_o idea_n 2._o the_o idea_n of_o perception_n and_o idea_n of_o willing_a we_o have_v from_o reflection_n chap._n vii_o of_o simple_a idea_n both_o of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n sect_n 1_o 6._o pleasure_n and_o pain_n 7._o existence_n and_o unity_n 8._o power_n 9_o succession_n 10._o simple_n idea_n the_o material_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n chap_n viii_o other_o consideration_n concern_v simple_a idea_n sect_n 1_o 6._o positive_a idea_n from_o privative_a cause_n 7_o 8._o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n quality_n in_o body_n 9_o 10._o primary_n and_o secondary_a quality_n 11_o 12._o how_o primary_n quality_n produce_v their_o idea_n 13_o 14._o how_o secondary_a 15_o 23._o idea_n of_o primary_n quality_n be_v resemblance_n of_o secondary_a not_o 24_o 25._o reason_n of_o our_o mistake_n in_o this_o 26._o secondary_a quality_n twofold_a first_o immediate_o perceivable_a second_o mediate_o perceivable_a chap._n ix_o of_o perception_n sect_n 1._o it_o be_v the_o first_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n 2_o 4._o perception_n be_v only_o when_o the_o mind_n receive_v the_o impression_n 5_o 6._o child_n though_o they_o have_v idea_n in_o the_o womb_n have_v none_o innate_a 7._o which_o idea_n first_o be_v not_o evident_a 8_o 10._o idea_n of_o sensation_n often_o change_v by_o the_o judgement_n 11_o 14._o perception_n put_v the_o difference_n between_o animal_n and_o inferior_a being_n 15._o perception_n the_o inlet_n of_o knowledge_n chap._n x._o of_o retention_n sect_n 1._o contemplation_n 2._o memory_n 3._o attention_n repetition_n pleasure_n and_o pain_n fix_v idea_n 4_o 5._o idea_n fade_v in_o the_o memory_n 6._o constant_o repeat_v idea_n can_v scarce_o be_v lose_v 7._o in_o remember_v the_o mind_n be_v often_o active_a 8._o two_o defect_n in_o the_o memory_n oblivion_n and_o slowness_n 9_o brute_n have_v memory_n chap._n xi_o of_o discern_v etc._n etc._n sect_n 1._o no_o knowledge_n without_o it_o 2._o the_o difference_n of_o wit_n and_o judgement_n 4._o clearness_n alone_o hinder_v confusion_n 4._o compare_v 5._o brutus_n compare_n but_o imperfect_o 6._o compound_v 7._o brutus_n compound_n but_o little_a 8._o name_v 9_o abstraction_n 10_o 11._o brutus_n abstract_a not_o 12_o 13._o idiot_n and_o mad_a men._n 14._o method_n 15._o these_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n 16._o appeal_v to_o experience_n 17._o dark_a room_n chap._n xii_o of_o complex_n idea_n sect_n 1._o make_a by_o the_o mind_n out_o of_o simple_a one_o 2._o make_a voluntary_o 3._o be_v either_o modes_n substance_n or_o relation_n 4._o modes_n 5._o simple_n and_o mix_a modes_n 6._o substance_n single_a or_o collective_a 7._o relation_n 8._o the_o abstruse_a idea_n from_o the_o two_o source_n chap._n xiii_o of_o space_n and_o its_o simple_a modes_n sect_n 1._o simple_a modes_n 2._o idea_n of_o space_n 3._o space_n and_o extension_n 4._o immensity_n 5_o 6._o figure_n 7_o 10._o placeâ—_n 11_o 14._o extension_n and_o body_n not_o the_o same_o 15_o 17._o substance_n which_o we_o know_v not_o no_o proof_n against_o space_n without_o body_n 18_o 19_o substance_n and_o accident_n of_o little_a use_n in_o philosophy_n 20._o a_o vacuum_n beyond_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o body_n 21._o the_o power_n of_o annihilation_n prove_v a_o vacuum_n 22._o motion_n prove_v a_o vacuum_n 23._o the_o idea_n of_o space_n and_o body_n distinct_a 24_o 25._o extension_n be_v inseparable_a from_o body_n prove_v it_o not_o the_o same_o 26._o idea_n of_o space_n and_o solidity_n distinct_a 27._o man_n differ_v little_a in_o clear_a simple_a idea_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o duration_n sect_n 1._o duration_n be_v fleet_a extension_n 2_o 4._o it_o be_v idea_n from_o reflection_n on_o the_o train_n of_o our_o idea_n 5._o the_o idea_n of_o duration_n applicable_a to_o thing_n whilst_o we_o sleep_v 6_o 8._o the_o idea_n of_o succession_n not_o from_o motion_n 9_o 11._o the_o train_n of_o idea_n have_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o quickness_n 12._o this_o train_n the_o measure_n of_o other_o succession_n 13_o 15._o the_o mind_n can_v fix_v long_o on_o one_o invariable_a idea_n 16._o idea_n however_o make_v include_v no_o sense_n of_o motion_n 17._o time_n be_v duration_n set_v out_o by_o measure_n 18._o a_o good_a measure_n of_o time_n must_v divide_v its_o whole_a duration_n into_o equal_a period_n 19_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n the_o proper_a measure_n of_o time_n 20._o but_o not_o by_o their_o motion_n but_o periodical_a appearance_n 21._o no_o two_o part_n of_o duration_n can_v be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v equal_a 22._o time_n not_o the_o measure_n of_o motion_n 23._o minute_n hour_n and_o tear_n not_o necessary_a measure_n of_o duration_n 24._o the_o measure_n of_o time_n two_o way_n apply_v 25_o 27._o our_o measure_n of_o time_n applicable_a to_o duration_n before_o time_n 28_o 31._o eternity_n chap._n xv._n of_o duration_n and_o expansion_n consider_v together_o sect_n 1._o both_o capable_a of_o great_a and_o less_o 2._o expansion_n not_o bound_v by_o matter_n 3._o nor_o duration_n by_o motion_n 4._o why_o man_n more_o easy_o admit_v infinite_a duration_n than_o infinite_a expansion_n 5._o time_n to_o duration_n be_v as_o place_n to_o expansion_n 6._o time_n and_o place_n be_v take_v for_o so_o much_o of_o either_o as_o be_v set_v out_o by_o the_o existence_n and_o motion_n of_o body_n 7._o sometime_o for_o so_o much_o of_o either_o as_o we_o design_v by_o measure_n
natural_o imprint_v on_o they_o the_o idea_n of_o extension_n and_o number_n i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o who_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o innate_a principle_n §_o 7._o that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v be_v without_o doubt_n as_o great_a a_o truth_n as_o any_o can_v enter_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n and_o deserve_v the_o first_o place_n among_o all_o practical_a principle_n but_o yet_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v think_v innate_a unless_o the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o worship_n be_v innate_a that_o the_o idea_n the_o term_n worship_n stand_v for_o be_v not_o in_o the_o understanding_n of_o child_n and_o a_o character_n stamp_v on_o the_o mind_n in_o its_o first_o original_a i_o think_v will_v be_v easy_o grant_v by_o any_o one_o that_o consider_v how_o few_o there_o be_v among_o grow_v man_n who_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o it_o and_o i_o suppose_v there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n more_o ridiculous_a than_o to_o say_v that_o child_n have_v this_o practical_a principle_n innate_a that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v and_o yet_o that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o that_o worship_n of_o god_n be_v which_o be_v their_o duty_n but_o to_o pass_v by_o this_o §_o 8._o if_o any_o idea_n can_v be_v imagine_v innate_a the_o idea_n of_o god_n may_v of_o all_o other_o for_o many_o reason_n be_v think_v so_o since_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o conceive_v how_o there_o shall_v be_v innate_a moral_a principle_n without_o a_o innate_a idea_n of_o a_o deity_n without_o a_o notion_n of_o a_o lawmaker_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v a_o notion_n of_o a_o law_n and_o a_o obligation_n to_o observe_v it_o beside_o the_o atheist_n take_v notice_n of_o among_o the_o ancient_n and_o leave_v brand_v upon_o the_o record_n of_o history_n have_v not_o navigation_n discover_v in_o these_o latter_a age_n whole_a nation_n at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n 2._o in_o brasil_n 16._o and_o the_o caribee_n island_n etc._n etc._n among_o who_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v no_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n nicolaus_n del_fw-it techo_n in_o literis_fw-la ex_fw-la paraquaria_n de_fw-la caaiguarum_fw-la conversione_n haec_fw-la habet_fw-la reperi_fw-la eam_fw-la gentem_fw-la nullum_fw-la nomen_fw-la habere_fw-la quod_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o hominis_fw-la animam_fw-la significet_fw-la nulla_fw-la sacra_fw-la habet_fw-la nulla_fw-la idola_fw-la relatio_fw-la triplex_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la indicis_fw-la caaiguarumâ—â—_n â—â—_z 70._o and_o perhaps_o if_o we_o shall_v with_o attention_n mind_n the_o life_n and_o discourse_n of_o people_n not_o so_o far_o of_o we_o shall_v have_v too_o much_o reason_n to_o â—ear_v that_o many_o in_o more_o civilise_a country_n have_v no_o very_o strong_a and_o clear_a impression_n of_o a_o deity_n upon_o their_o mind_n and_o that_o the_o complaint_n of_o atheism_n make_v from_o the_o pulpit_n be_v not_o without_o reason_n and_o though_o only_o some_o profligate_v wretch_n own_o it_o too_o barefaced_o now_o yet_o perhaps_o we_o shall_v hear_v more_o than_o we_o do_v of_o it_o from_o other_o do_v not_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o magistrate_n sword_n or_o their_o neighbour_n censure_n tie_v up_o people_n tongue_n which_o be_v the_o apprehension_n of_o punishment_n or_o shame_v take_v away_o will_v as_o open_o proclaim_v their_o atheism_n as_o their_o life_n do_v §_o 9_o but_o have_v all_o mankind_n every_o where_o a_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n whereof_o yet_o history_n tell_v we_o the_o contrary_a it_o will_v not_o from_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o he_o be_v innate_a for_o though_o no_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v find_v without_o a_o name_n and_o some_o few_o dark_a notion_n of_o he_o yet_o that_o will_v not_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v natural_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n no_o more_o than_o the_o name_n of_o fire_n or_o the_o sun_n heat_n or_o number_n do_v prove_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o to_o be_v innate_a because_o the_o name_n of_o those_o thing_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o be_v so_o universal_o receive_v and_o know_v among_o mankind_n nor_o on_o the_o contrary_a be_v the_o want_n of_o such_o a_o name_n or_o the_o absence_n of_o such_o a_o notion_n out_o of_o man_n mind_n any_o argument_n against_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n any_o more_o than_o it_o will_v be_v a_o proof_n that_o there_o be_v no_o loadstone_n in_o the_o world_n because_o a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n have_v neither_o a_o notion_n of_o any_o such_o thing_n nor_o a_o name_n for_o it_o or_o be_v any_o show_n of_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o distinct_a and_o various_a species_n of_o angel_n or_o intelligent_a being_n above_o we_o because_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o such_o distinct_a species_n for_o man_n be_v furnish_v with_o word_n by_o the_o common_a language_n of_o their_o own_o country_n can_v scarce_o avoid_v have_v some_o kind_n of_o idea_n of_o those_o thing_n who_o name_n those_o they_o converse_v with_o have_v occasion_n frequent_o to_o mention_v to_o they_o and_o if_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o notion_n of_o excellency_n greatness_n or_o something_o extraordinary_a if_o apprehension_n and_o concernment_n accompany_v it_o if_o the_o fear_n of_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a power_n set_v it_o on_o upon_o the_o mind_n the_o idea_n be_v likely_a to_o sink_v deep_o and_o spread_v the_o far_a especial_o if_o it_o be_v such_o a_o idea_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a light_n of_o reason_n and_o natural_o deducible_a from_o every_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n as_o that_o of_o a_o god_n be_v for_o the_o visible_a mark_n of_o extraordinary_a wisdom_n and_o power_n appear_v so_o plain_o in_o all_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n that_o a_o rational_a creature_n who_o will_v but_o serious_o reflect_v on_o they_o can_v miss_v the_o discovery_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o the_o influence_n that_o the_o discovery_n of_o such_o a_o be_v must_v necessary_o have_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o that_o have_v but_o once_o hear_v of_o it_o be_v so_o great_a and_o carry_v such_o a_o weight_n of_o thought_n and_o communication_n with_o it_o that_o it_o seem_v stranger_n to_o i_o that_o a_o whole_a nation_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v any_o where_o find_v so_o brutish_a as_o to_o want_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v without_o any_o notion_n of_o number_n or_o fire_n §_o 10._o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v once_o mention_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o express_v a_o superior_a powerful_a wise_a invisible_a be_v the_o suitableness_n of_o such_o a_o notion_n to_o the_o principle_n of_o common_a reason_n and_o the_o interest_n man_n will_v always_o have_v to_o mention_v it_o often_o must_v necessary_o spread_v it_o far_o and_o wide_a and_o continue_v it_o down_o to_o all_o generation_n though_o yet_o the_o general_a reception_n of_o this_o name_n and_o some_o imperfect_a and_o unsteady_a notion_n convey_v thereby_o to_o the_o unthinking_a part_n of_o mankind_n prove_v not_o the_o idea_n to_o be_v innate_a but_o only_o that_o they_o who_o make_v the_o discovery_n have_v make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o their_o reason_n think_v mature_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n and_o trace_v they_o to_o their_o original_a from_o who_o other_o less_o consider_v people_n have_v once_o receive_v so_o important_a a_o notion_n it_o can_v not_o easy_o be_v lose_v again_o §_o 11._o this_o be_v all_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n be_v it_o to_o be_v find_v universal_o in_o all_o the_o tribe_n of_o mankind_n and_o general_o acknowledge_v by_o man_n grow_v to_o maturity_n in_o all_o country_n for_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o a_o god_n as_o i_o imagine_v be_v extend_v no_o far_a than_o that_o which_o if_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n innate_a will_v as_o well_o prove_v the_o idea_n of_o fire_n innate_a since_o i_o think_v it_o may_v true_o be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o person_n in_o the_o world_n who_o have_v a_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n who_o have_v not_o also_o the_o idea_n of_o fire_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o colony_n of_o young_a child_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o a_o island_n where_o no_o fire_n be_v they_o will_v certain_o neither_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o such_o a_o thing_n nor_o name_n for_o it_o how_o general_o soever_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o know_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o and_o perhaps_o too_o their_o apprehension_n will_v be_v as_o far_o remove_v from_o any_o name_n or_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n till_o some_o one_o among_o they_o have_v employ_v his_o thought_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o constitution_n and_o cause_n of_o thing_n which_o will_v easy_o lead_v he_o to_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o god_n which_o have_v once_o teach_v to_o other_o
other_o and_o then_o they_o will_v also_o begin_v to_o assent_v to_o that_o proposition_n and_o make_v very_o little_a question_n of_o it_o ever_o after_o but_o such_o a_o assent_n upon_o hear_v no_o more_o prove_v the_o idea_n to_o be_v innate_a than_o it_o do_v that_o one_o bear_v blind_a with_o cataract_n which_o will_v be_v couch_v to_o morrow_n have_v the_o innate_a idea_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o light_n or_o saffron_n or_o yellow_a because_o when_o his_o sight_n be_v clear_v he_o will_v certain_o assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v lucid_a or_o that_o saffron_n be_v yellow_a and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o assent_n upon_o hear_v can_v prove_v the_o idea_n innate_a it_o can_v much_o less_o the_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o those_o idea_n if_o they_o have_v any_o innate_a idea_n i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o be_v tell_v what_o and_o how_o many_o they_o be_v §_o 20._o beside_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v there_o be_v another_o reason_n why_o i_o doubt_v that_o neither_o these_o nor_o any_o other_o principle_n be_v innate_a i_o that_o be_o full_o persuade_v that_o the_o infinite_o wise_a god_n make_v all_o thing_n in_o perfect_a wisdom_n can_v satisfy_v myself_o why_o he_o shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o print_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n some_o universal_a principle_n whereof_o those_o that_o be_v pretend_v innate_a and_o concern_v speculation_n be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n and_o those_o that_o concern_v practice_n not_o self-evident_a and_o neither_o of_o they_o distinguishable_a from_o some_o other_o truth_n not_o allow_v to_o be_v innate_a for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v character_n be_v grave_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n which_o be_v not_o clear_a there_o than_o those_o which_o be_v afterward_o introduce_v or_o can_v be_v distinguish_v from_o if_o any_o one_o think_v there_o be_v such_o innate_a idea_n and_o proposition_n which_o by_o their_o clearness_n and_o usefulness_n be_v distinguishable_a from_o 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great_a reverence_n be_v due_a to_o truth_n and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v arrogance_n to_o say_v that_o perhaps_o we_o shall_v make_v great_a progress_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o rational_a and_o contemplative_a knowledge_n if_o we_o seek_v it_o in_o the_o fountain_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o thing_n themselves_o and_o make_v use_v rather_o of_o our_o own_o thought_n than_o other_o man_n to_o find_v it_o for_o i_o think_v we_o may_v as_o rational_o hope_v to_o see_v with_o other_o man_n eye_n as_o to_o know_v by_o other_o man_n understanding_n so_o much_o as_o we_o ourselves_o consider_v and_o comprehend_v of_o truth_n and_o reason_n so_o much_o we_o possess_v of_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n the_o float_v of_o other_o man_n opinion_n in_o our_o brain_n make_v we_o not_o one_o jot_n the_o more_o
know_v though_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v true_a what_o in_o they_o be_v science_n be_v in_o we_o but_o opiniatrity_n whilst_o we_o give_v up_o our_o assent_n only_o to_o reverend_a name_n and_o do_v not_o as_o they_o do_v employ_v our_o own_o reason_n to_o understand_v those_o truth_n which_o give_v they_o reputation_n aristotle_n be_v certain_o a_o know_a man_n but_o no_o body_n ever_o think_v he_o so_o because_o he_o blind_o embrace_v and_o confident_o vent_v the_o opinion_n of_o another_o and_o if_o the_o take_n up_o of_o another_o principle_n without_o examine_v they_o make_v not_o he_o a_o philosopher_n i_o suppose_v it_o can_v make_v no_o body_n else_o so_o in_o the_o science_n every_o one_o have_v so_o much_o as_o he_o real_o know_v and_o comprehend_v what_o he_o believe_v only_o and_o take_v upon_o trust_n be_v but_o shread_n which_o however_o well_o in_o the_o whole_a piece_n make_v no_o considerable_a addition_n to_o his_o stock_n who_o gather_v they_o such_o borrow_a 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to_o take_v they_o off_o from_o the_o use_n of_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o judgement_n and_o put_v they_o upon_o believe_v and_o take_v they_o upon_o trust_n without_o far_a examination_n in_o which_o posture_n of_o blind_a credulity_n they_o may_v be_v more_o easy_o govern_v by_o and_o make_v useful_a to_o some_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o have_v the_o skill_n and_o office_n to_o principle_n and_o guide_v they_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o small_a power_n it_o give_v one_o man_n over_o another_o to_o have_v the_o authority_n to_o be_v the_o dictator_n of_o principle_n and_o teacher_n of_o unquestionable_a truth_n and_o to_o make_v a_o man_n swallow_v that_o for_o a_o innate_a principle_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o his_o purpose_n who_o teach_v they_o whereas_o have_v they_o examine_v the_o way_n whereby_o man_n come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o many_o universal_a truth_n they_o will_v have_v find_v they_o to_o result_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n from_o the_o be_v of_o thing_n themselves_o when_o due_o consider_v and_o that_o they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o application_n of_o those_o faculty_n that_o be_v fit_v by_o nature_n to_o receive_v and_o judge_v of_o they_o when_o due_o employ_v about_o they_o §_o 24._o to_o show_v how_o the_o understanding_n proceed_v herein_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n which_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o when_o i_o have_v first_o premise_v that_o hitherto_o to_o clear_v my_o way_n to_o those_o foundation_n which_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o only_a true_a one_o whereon_o to_o establish_v those_o notion_n we_o can_v have_v of_o our_o own_o knowledge_n it_o have_v be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v to_o doubt_v of_o innate_a principle_n and_o since_o the_o argument_n which_o be_v against_o they_o do_v some_o of_o they_o rise_v from_o common_a receive_v opinion_n i_o have_v be_v force_v to_o take_v several_a thing_n for_o grant_v which_o be_v hardly_o avoidable_o to_o any_o one_o who_o task_n it_o be_v to_o show_v the_o falsehood_n or_o improbability_n of_o any_o tenet_n it_o happen_v in_o controversial_a discourse_n as_o it_o do_v in_o assault_v of_o town_n where_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v but_o firm_a whereon_o the_o battery_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v no_o far_a enquiry_n of_o who_o it_o be_v borrow_v nor_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o so_o it_o afford_v but_o a_o fit_a rise_n for_o the_o present_a purpose_n but_o in_o the_o future_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n design_v to_o raise_v a_o edifice_n uniform_a and_o consistent_a with_o itself_o as_o far_o as_o my_o own_o experience_n and_o observation_n will_v assist_v i_o i_o hope_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n so_o that_o the_o rest_n will_v easy_o depend_v upon_o it_o and_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o shore_v it_o up_o with_o prop_n and_o buttrice_n lean_v on_o borrow_a or_o beg_v foundation_n or_o at_o least_o if_o i_o prove_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n i_o will_v endeavour_v it_o shall_v be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n and_o hang_v together_o wherein_o i_o tell_v you_o beforehand_o you_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v undeniable_a cogent_a demonstration_n unless_o you_o will_v suffer_v i_o as_o other_o have_v do_v to_o take_v my_o principle_n for_o grant_v and_o then_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o can_v demonstrate_v too_o all_o that_o i_o shall_v say_v for_o the_o principle_n i_o proceed_v on_o be_v that_o i_o can_v only_o appeal_v to_o man_n own_o unprejudiced_a experience_n and_o observation_n whether_o they_o be_v true_a or_o no_o and_o this_o be_v enough_o for_o a_o man_n who_o profess_v no_o more_o than_o to_o lay_v down_o candid_o and_o free_o his_o own_o conjecture_n concern_v a_o subject_n not_o very_o obvious_a without_o any_o other_o design_n than_o a_o unbiased_a enquiry_n after_o truth_n book_n ii_o chap._n i._o of_o idea_n in_o general_a and_o their_o original_a §_o 1._o every_o man_n be_v conscious_a to_o himself_o that_o he_o think_v and_o that_o which_o his_o mind_n be_v employ_v about_o whilst_o think_v be_v the_o idea_n that_o be_v there_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n than_o man_n have_v in_o their_o mind_n several_a idea_n such_o as_o be_v those_o express_v by_o the_o word_n whiteness_n hardness_n sweetness_n think_v motion_n man_n elephant_n army_n drunkenness_n and_o other_o it_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n then_o to_o be_v inquire_v how_o he_o come_v by_o they_o i_o know_v it_o be_v a_o receive_a doctrine_n that_o man_n have_v native_a idea_n and_o original_a character_n stamp_v upon_o their_o mind_n in_o their_o very_a first_o be_v this_o opinion_n i_o have_v at_o large_a examine_v already_o and_o i_o suppose_v what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o the_o foregoing_a book_n will_v be_v much_o more_o easy_o admit_v when_o i_o have_v show_v whence_o the_o understanding_n may_v get_v all_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v and_o by_o what_o way_n and_o degree_n they_o may_v come_v into_o the_o mind_n for_o which_o i_o shall_v appeal_v to_o every_o one_o 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idea_n we_o have_v or_o can_v natural_o have_v do_v spring_n §_o 3._o first_o our_o sense_n conversant_a about_o particular_a sensible_a object_n do_v convey_v into_o the_o mind_n several_a distinct_a perception_n of_o thing_n according_a to_o those_o various_a way_n wherein_o those_o object_n do_v affect_v they_o and_o thus_o we_o come_v by_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o yellow_a white_a heat_n cold_a soft_a hard_a bitter_a sweet_a and_o all_o those_o which_o we_o call_v sensible_a quality_n this_o great_a source_n of_o most_o of_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v depend_v whole_o upon_o our_o sense_n and_o derive_v by_o they_o to_o our_o understanding_n i_o call_v sensation_n §_o 4._o second_o the_o other_o fountain_n from_o which_o experience_n furnish_v the_o understanding_n with_o idea_n be_v the_o perception_n
utter_a exclusion_n of_o other_o body_n out_o of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v but_o hardness_n in_o a_o firm_a cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n make_v up_o mass_n of_o a_o sensible_a bulk_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o easy_o change_v its_o figure_n and_o indeed_o hard_a and_o soft_a be_v as_o apprehend_v by_o we_o only_o relative_a term_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o body_n that_o be_v general_o call_v hard_a by_o we_o which_o will_v put_v we_o to_o pain_n soon_o than_o change_v figure_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o any_o part_n of_o our_o body_n and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a soft_a which_o change_v the_o situation_n of_o its_o part_n upon_o a_o easy_a and_o unpainful_a touch_n but_o this_o difficulty_n of_o change_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o sensible_a part_n among_o themselves_o or_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o whole_a give_v no_o more_o solidity_n to_o the_o hard_a body_n in_o the_o world_n than_o to_o the_o soft_a nor_o be_v a_o adamant_n one_o jot_n more_o solid_a than_o water_n for_o though_o the_o two_o flat_a side_n of_o two_o piece_n of_o marble_n will_v more_o easy_o approach_v each_o other_o between_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o water_n or_o air_n than_o if_o there_o be_v a_o adamant_n between_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o adamant_n be_v more_o solid_a than_o those_o of_o water_n or_o resist_v more_o but_o because_o the_o part_n of_o water_n be_v more_o easy_o separable_a from_o each_o other_o they_o will_v by_o a_o side_n motion_n be_v more_o easy_o remove_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o marble_n but_o if_o they_o can_v be_v keep_v from_o make_v place_n by_o that_o side-motion_n they_o will_v eternal_o hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o these_o two_o piece_n of_o marble_n as_o much_o as_o the_o diamond_n and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o impossible_a by_o any_o force_n to_o surmount_v their_o resistance_n as_o to_o surmount_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o diamond_n the_o soft_a body_n in_o the_o world_n will_v as_o invincible_o resist_v the_o come_n together_o of_o any_o two_o other_o body_n if_o it_o be_v not_o put_v out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o remain_v between_o they_o as_o the_o hard_a that_o can_v be_v find_v or_o imagine_v he_o that_o shall_v fill_v a_o yield_a soft_a body_n well_o with_o air_n or_o water_n will_v quick_o find_v its_o resistance_n and_o he_o that_o think_v that_o nothing_o but_o body_n that_o be_v hard_a can_v keep_v his_o hand_n from_o approach_v one_o another_o may_v be_v please_v to_o make_v a_o experiment_n with_o the_o air_n enclose_v in_o a_o football_n §_o 5._o by_o this_o idea_n of_o solidity_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n distinguish_v from_o the_o extension_n of_o space_n the_o extension_n of_o body_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o cohesion_n or_o continuity_n of_o solid_a separable_a movable_a part_n and_o the_o extension_n of_o space_n the_o continuity_n of_o unsolid_a inseparable_a and_o immovable_a part_n upon_o the_o solidity_n of_o body_n also_o depend_v their_o mutual_a impulse_n resistance_n and_o protrusion_n of_o pure_a space_n then_o and_o solidity_n there_o be_v several_a among_o which_o i_o confess_v myself_o one_o who_o persuade_v themselves_o they_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o that_o they_o can_v think_v on_o space_n without_o any_o thing_n in_o it_o that_o resist_v or_o be_v protrude_v by_o body_n whereof_o they_o think_v they_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o idea_n as_o of_o the_o extension_n of_o body_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o a_o concave_a superficies_n be_v equal_o as_o clear_v without_o as_o with_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o solid_a part_n between_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o they_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o something_o that_o fill_v space_n that_o can_v be_v protrude_v by_o the_o impulse_n of_o other_o body_n or_o resist_v their_o motion_n if_o there_o be_v other_o that_o have_v not_o these_o two_o idea_n distinct_a but_o confound_v they_o and_o make_v but_o one_o of_o they_o i_o know_v not_o how_o man_n who_o have_v the_o same_o idea_n under_o different_a name_n or_o different_a idea_n under_o the_o same_o name_n can_v in_o that_o case_n talk_v with_o one_o another_o any_o more_o than_o a_o man_n who_o not_o be_v blind_a or_o deaf_a have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o scarlet_a and_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n can_v discourse_v concern_v scarlet-colour_n with_o the_o blind_a man_n i_o mention_v in_o another_o place_n who_o fancy_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o scarlet_n be_v like_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n §_o 6._o if_o any_o one_o ask_v i_o what_o this_o solidity_n be_v i_o send_v he_o to_o his_o sense_n to_o inform_v he_o let_v he_o put_v a_o flint_n or_o a_o football_n between_o his_o hand_n and_o then_o endeavour_v to_o join_v they_o and_o he_o will_v know_v if_o he_o think_v this_o not_o a_o sufficient_a explication_n of_o solidity_n what_o it_o be_v and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o promise_v to_o tell_v he_o what_o it_o be_v and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v when_o he_o tell_v i_o what_o think_v be_v or_o wherein_o it_o consist_v or_o explain_v to_o i_o what_o extension_n or_o motion_n be_v which_o perhaps_o seem_v much_o easy_a the_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v such_o as_o experience_n teach_v they_o we_o but_o if_o beyond_o that_o we_o endeavour_v by_o word_n to_o make_v they_o clear_a in_o the_o mind_n we_o shall_v succeed_v no_o better_o than_o if_o we_o go_v about_o to_o clear_v up_o the_o darkness_n of_o a_o blind_a man_n mind_n by_o talk_v and_o to_o discourse_v into_o he_o the_o idea_n of_o light_n and_o colour_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o another_o place_n chap._n v._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o divers_a sense_n the_o idea_n we_o get_v by_o more_o than_o one_o sense_n be_v of_o space_n or_o extension_n figure_n rest_v and_o motion_n for_o these_o make_v perceivable_a impression_n both_o on_o the_o eye_n and_o touch_v and_o we_o can_v receive_v and_o convey_v into_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o extension_n figure_n motion_n and_o rest_v of_o body_n both_o by_o see_v and_o feel_v but_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o these_o in_o another_o place_n i_o here_o only_o enumerate_v they_o chap._n vi_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n §_o 1._o the_o mind_n receive_v the_o idea_n mention_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n from_o without_o when_o it_o turn_v its_o view_n inward_a upon_o its_o self_n and_o observe_v its_o own_o action_n about_o those_o idea_n it_o have_v take_v from_o thence_o other_o idea_n which_o be_v as_o capable_a to_o be_v the_o object_n of_o its_o contemplation_n as_o of_o any_o of_o those_o it_o receive_v from_o foreign_a thing_n §_o 2._o the_o two_o great_a and_o principal_a action_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o consider_v and_o which_o be_v so_o frequent_a that_o every_o one_o that_o please_v may_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o himself_o be_v these_o two_o perception_n or_o think_v and_o volition_n or_o will_v the_o power_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o produce_v these_o action_n we_o denominate_v faculty_n and_o be_v call_v the_o understanding_n and_o the_o will._n of_o some_o of_o the_o mode_n of_o these_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n such_o as_o be_v remembrance_n discern_v reason_v judge_a knowledge_n faith_n etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o both_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v other_o simple_a idea_n which_o convey_v themselves_o into_o the_o mind_n by_o all_o the_o way_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n viz._n pleasure_n or_o delight_n and_o its_o opposite_a pain_n or_o vneasiness_n power_n existence_n unity_n §_o 2._o delight_n or_o vneasiness_n one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o join_v themselves_o to_o almost_o all_o our_o idea_n both_o of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o affection_n of_o our_o sense_n from_o without_o any_o retire_a thought_n of_o our_o mind_n within_o which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n by_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o signify_v whatsoever_o delight_n or_o molest_v we_o whether_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o thought_n of_o our_o mind_n or_o any_o thing_n operate_a on_o our_o body_n for_o whether_o we_o call_v it_o satisfaction_n delight_n pleasure_n happiness_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o uneasiness_n trouble_v pain_n torment_v anguish_n misery_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o other_o they_o be_v still_o but_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n
thereby_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n particular_a distinct_a idea_n which_o in_o itself_o it_o have_v not_o as_o well_o as_o we_o allow_v it_o can_v operate_v on_o the_o gut_n and_o stomach_n and_o thereby_o produce_v distinct_a idea_n which_o in_o itself_o it_o have_v not_o these_o idea_n be_v all_o effect_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o manna_n on_o several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n by_o the_o size_n figure_n number_n and_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n why_o those_o produce_v by_o the_o eye_n and_o palate_n shall_v rather_o be_v think_v to_o be_v real_o in_o the_o manna_n than_o those_o produce_v by_o the_o stomach_n and_o gut_n or_o why_o the_o pain_n and_o sickness_n idea_n that_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o manna_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o be_v nowhere_o when_o they_o be_v not_o feel_v and_o yet_o the_o sweetness_n and_o whiteness_n effect_n of_o the_o same_o manna_n on_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n by_o way_n equal_a as_o unknown_a shall_v be_v think_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o manna_n when_o they_o be_v not_o see_v nor_o taste_v will_v need_v some_o reason_n to_o explain_v §_o 19_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o red_a and_o white_a colour_n in_o porphyre_n hinder_v light_n but_o from_o strike_v on_o it_o and_o its_o colour_n vanish_v it_o no_o long_o produce_v any_o such_o idea_n in_o we_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o light_n it_o produce_v these_o appearance_n on_o we_o again_o can_v any_o one_o think_v any_o real_a alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o porphyre_n by_o the_o presence_n or_o absence_n of_o light_n and_o that_o those_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n and_o redness_n be_v real_o in_o porphyre_n in_o the_o light_n when_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o have_v no_o colour_n in_o the_o dark_a it_o have_v indeed_o such_o a_o configuration_n of_o particle_n both_o night_n and_o day_n as_o be_v apt_a by_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n rebound_v from_o some_o part_n of_o that_o hard_a stone_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o redness_n and_o from_o other_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n but_o whiteness_n or_o redness_n be_v not_o in_o it_o at_o any_o time_n but_o such_o a_o texture_n that_o have_v the_o power_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o sensation_n in_o we_o §_o 20._o pound_v a_o almond_n and_o the_o clear_a white_a colour_n will_v be_v alter_v in_o to_o a_o dirty_a one_o and_o the_o sweet_a taste_n into_o a_o oily_a one_o what_o real_a alteration_n can_v the_o beat_n of_o the_o pestle_n make_v in_o any_o body_n but_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o it_o §_o 21._o idea_n be_v thus_o distinguish_v and_o understand_v we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o the_o same_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n may_v produce_v the_o idea_n of_o cold_a by_o one_o hand_n and_o of_o heat_n by_o the_o other_o whereas_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o same_o water_n if_o those_o idea_n be_v real_o in_o it_o shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v both_o hot_a and_o cold._a for_o if_o we_o imagine_v warmth_n as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o hand_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o certain_a sort_n and_o degree_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o minute_n particle_n of_o our_o nerve_n or_o animal_n spirit_n we_o may_v understand_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o same_o water_n may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n produce_v the_o sensation_n of_o heat_n in_o one_o hand_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o other_o which_o yet_o figure_n never_o do_v that_o never_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o square_a by_o one_o hand_n which_o have_v produce_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o globe_n by_o another_o but_o if_o the_o sensation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v nothing_o but_o the_o increase_n or_o diminution_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o our_o body_n cause_v by_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o any_o other_o body_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v understand_v that_o if_o that_o motion_n be_v great_a in_o one_o hand_n than_o in_o the_o other_o if_o a_o body_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o two_o hand_n which_o have_v in_o its_o minute_n particle_n a_o great_a motion_n than_o in_o those_o of_o one_o of_o the_o hand_n and_o a_o less_o than_o in_o those_o of_o the_o other_o it_o will_v increase_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o lessen_v it_o in_o the_o other_o and_o so_o cause_v the_o different_a sensation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a that_o depend_v thereon_o §_o 22._o i_o have_v in_o what_o just_a go_v before_o be_v engage_v in_o physical_a inquiry_n a_o little_a far_o than_o perhaps_o i_o intend_v but_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v the_o nature_n of_o sensation_n a_o little_a understand_v and_o to_o make_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o quality_n in_o body_n and_o the_o idea_n produce_v by_o they_o in_o the_o mind_n to_o be_v distinct_o conceive_v without_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o discourse_v intelligible_o of_o they_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v pardon_v this_o little_a excursion_n into_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v necessary_a in_o our_o present_a enquiry_n to_o distinguish_v the_o primary_n and_o real_a quality_n of_o body_n which_o be_v always_o in_o they_o viz._n solidity_n extension_n figure_n number_n and_o motion_n or_o rest_v and_o be_v sometime_o perceive_v by_o we_o viz._n when_o the_o body_n they_o be_v in_o be_v big_a enough_o single_o to_o be_v discern_v from_o those_o secundary_a and_o impute_a quality_n which_o be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o several_a combination_n of_o those_o primary_n one_o when_o they_o operate_v without_o be_v distinct_o discern_v whereby_o we_o also_o may_v come_v to_o know_v what_o idea_n be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o resemblance_n of_o something_o real_o exist_v in_o the_o body_n we_o denominate_v from_o they_o §_o 23._o the_o quality_n then_o that_o be_v in_o in_o body_n right_o consider_v be_v of_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o bulk_n figure_n number_n situation_n and_o motion_n or_o rest_v of_o their_o solid_a part_n these_o be_v in_o they_o whether_o we_o perceive_v they_o or_o no_o and_o when_o they_o be_v of_o that_o size_n that_o we_o can_v discover_v they_o we_o have_v by_o these_o a_o idea_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o as_o be_v plain_a in_o artificial_a thing_n these_o i_o call_v primary_n quality_n second_o the_o power_n that_o be_v in_o any_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o insensible_a primary_n quality_n to_o operate_v after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n on_o any_o of_o our_o sense_n and_o thereby_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o different_a idea_n of_o several_a colour_n sound_n smell_v taste_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v usual_o call_v sensible_a quality_n three_o the_o power_n that_o be_v in_o any_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a constitution_n of_o its_o primary_n quality_n to_o make_v such_o a_o change_n in_o the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n and_o motion_n of_o another_o body_n as_o to_o make_v it_o operate_v on_o our_o sense_n different_o from_o what_o it_o do_v before_o thus_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o power_n to_o make_v wax_n white_a and_o fire_n to_o make_v lead_v fluid_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o as_o have_v be_v say_v i_o think_v may_v be_v proper_o call_v real_a original_a or_o primary_n quality_n because_o they_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o whether_o they_o be_v perceive_v or_o no_o and_o upon_o their_o different_a modification_n it_o be_v that_o the_o secundary_a quality_n depend_v the_o other_o two_o be_v only_a power_n to_o act_v different_o upon_o other_o thing_n which_o power_n result_v from_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o those_o primary_n quality_n §_o 24._o but_o though_o these_o two_o late_a sort_n of_o quality_n be_v power_n bare_o and_o nothing_o but_o power_n relate_v to_o several_a other_o body_n and_o result_v from_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o the_o original_a quality_n yet_o they_o be_v general_o otherwise_o think_v of_o for_o the_o second_o sort_n viz._n the_o power_n to_o produce_v several_a idea_n in_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o real_a quality_n in_o the_o thing_n thus_o affect_v we_o but_o the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v and_o esteem_v bare_o power_n v_o g._n the_o idea_n of_o heat_n or_o light_n which_o we_o receive_v by_o our_o eye_n or_o touch_v from_o the_o sun_n be_v common_o think_v real_a quality_n exist_v in_o the_o sun_n and_o something_o more_o than_o bare_o power_n in_o it_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v the_o sun_n in_o reference_n to_o wax_n which_o it_o melt_v or_o blanch_v we_o look_v upon_o the_o whiteness_n and_o softness_n produce_v in_o the_o wax_n not_o as_o quality_n in_o the_o sun_n but_o effect_n produce_v by_o power_n in_o it_o whilst_o yet_o we_o look_v on_o light_n and_o warmth_n to_o be_v real_a quality_n something_o more_o than_o bare_a power_n in_o the_o sun_n whereas_o if_o right_o
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much_o place_v in_o the_o uncertain_a meaning_n or_o deceitful_a obscurity_n of_o doubtful_a or_o insignificant_a term_n it_o therefore_o they_o mean_v by_o body_n and_o extension_n the_o same_o that_o other_o people_n do_v viz._n by_o body_n something_o that_o be_v solid_a and_o extend_v who_o part_n be_v separable_a and_o movable_a different_a way_n and_o by_o extension_n only_o the_o space_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o extremity_n of_o those_o solid_a coherent_a part_n and_o which_o be_v possess_v by_o they_o they_o confound_v very_o different_a idea_n one_o with_o another_o for_o i_o appeal_v to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o thought_n whether_o the_o idea_n of_o space_n be_v not_o as_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o solidity_n as_o it_o be_v from_o thâ—_n idea_n of_o scarlet-colour_n it_o be_v true_a solidity_n can_v exist_v without_o extension_n neither_o can_v scarlet_a colour_n exist_v without_o extension_n but_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o they_o be_v distinct_a idea_n 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idea_n as_o think_v and_o extension_n and_o as_o whole_o separable_a in_o the_o mind_n one_o from_o another_o body_n then_o and_o extension_n it_o be_v evident_a be_v two_o distinct_a idea_n for_o first_o extension_n include_v no_o solidity_n nor_o resistance_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o body_n as_o body_n do_v second_o the_o part_n of_o pure_a space_n be_v inseparable_a one_o from_o the_o other_o so_o that_o the_o continuity_n can_v be_v separate_v neither_o real_o nor_o mental_o for_o i_o demand_v of_o any_o one_o to_o remove_v any_o part_n of_o it_o from_o another_o with_o which_o it_o be_v continue_v even_o so_o much_o as_o in_o thought_n to_o divide_v and_o separate_v actual_o be_v as_o i_o think_v by_o remove_v the_o part_v one_o from_o another_o to_o make_v two_o superficies_n where_o before_o there_o be_v
last_a night_n v_o g._n the_o burn_a of_o a_o candle_n which_o be_v now_o absolute_o separate_v from_o all_o actual_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o duration_n of_o that_o flame_n for_o a_o hour_n last_o night_n to_o co-exist_a with_o any_o motion_n that_o now_o be_v or_o for_o ever_o shall_v be_v as_o for_o any_o part_n of_o duration_n that_o be_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o co-exist_a with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o but_o yet_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o shadow_n on_o a_o dial_n between_o the_o mark_v of_o two_o hour_n i_o can_v as_o distinct_o measure_v in_o my_o thought_n the_o duration_n of_o that_o candle_n last_o night_n as_o i_o can_v any_o thing_n that_o do_v now_o exist_v and_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o think_v that_o have_v the_o sun_n shine_v then_o on_o the_o dial_n and_o move_v after_o the_o same_o rate_n it_o do_v now_o the_o shadow_n on_o the_o dial_n will_v have_v pass_v from_o one_o hour-line_n to_o another_o whilst_o that_o flame_n of_o the_o candle_n last_v §_o 29._o the_o notion_n of_o a_o hour_n day_n or_o year_n be_v only_o the_o idea_n i_o have_v of_o the_o length_n of_o certain_a periodical_a regular_a motion_n neither_o of_o which_o motion_n do_v ever_o all_o at_o once_o exist_v but_o only_o in_o the_o idea_n i_o have_v of_o they_o in_o my_o memory_n derive_v from_o my_o sense_n or_o reflection_n i_o can_v with_o the_o same_o ease_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n apply_v in_o my_o thought_n to_o duration_n antecedent_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o motion_n as_o well_o as_o to_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v but_o a_o minute_n or_o a_o day_n antecedent_n to_o this_o present_a motion_n that_o at_o this_o very_a moment_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n past_a be_v equal_o and_o perfect_o at_o rest_n and_o to_o this_o way_n of_o consideration_n of_o they_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o they_o be_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n or_o but_o yesterday_o the_o measure_n of_o any_o duration_n by_o some_o motion_n depend_v not_o at_o all_o on_o the_o real_a coexistence_n of_o that_o thing_n to_o that_o motion_n or_o any_o other_o period_n of_o revolution_n but_o the_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o length_n of_o some_o periodical_a know_a motion_n or_o other_o interval_n of_o duration_n in_o my_o mind_n and_o apply_v that_o to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o will_v measure_v §_o 30._o hence_o we_o see_v that_o some_o man_n imagine_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o world_n from_o its_o first_o existence_n to_o this_o present_a year_n 1689._o to_o have_v be_v 5639_o year_n or_o equal_a to_o 5639_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o as_o the_o egyptians_n of_o old_a who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n count_v 23000_o year_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o chineses_n now_o who_o account_v the_o world_n 3,269,000_o year_n old_a or_o more_o which_o long_a duration_n of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o their_o computation_n though_o i_o shall_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o i_o can_v equal_o imagine_v it_o with_o they_o and_o as_o true_o understand_v and_o say_v one_o be_v long_a than_o the_o other_o as_o i_o understand_v that_o methusalem_n life_n be_v long_o than_o enoch_n and_o if_o the_o common_a reckon_n of_o 5639_o shall_v be_v true_a as_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o assign_v it_o hinder_v not_o at_o all_o my_o imagine_v what_o other_o mean_v when_o they_o make_v the_o world_n a_o 1000_o year_n old_a since_o every_o one_o may_v with_o the_o same_o facility_n imagine_v i_o do_v not_o say_v believe_v the_o world_n to_o be_v 50000_o year_n old_a as_o 5639_o and_o may_v as_o well_o conceive_v the_o duration_n of_o 50000_o year_n as_o 5639._o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o to_o the_o measure_v the_o duration_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o time_n it_o be_v not_o requisite_a that_o that_o thing_n shall_v be_v co-existent_a to_o the_o motion_n we_o measure_v by_o or_o any_o other_o periodical_a revolution_n but_o it_o suffice_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o length_n of_o any_o regular_a periodical_a appearance_n which_o we_o can_v in_o our_o mind_n apply_v to_o duration_n with_o which_o the_o motion_n or_o appearance_n never_o co-existed_n 31._o for_o as_o in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o creation_n deliver_v by_o moses_n i_o can_v imagine_v that_o light_n exist_v three_o day_n before_o the_o sun_n be_v or_o have_v any_o motion_n bare_o by_o think_v that_o the_o duration_n of_o light_n before_o the_o sun_n be_v create_v be_v so_o long_o as_o if_o the_o sun_n have_v move_v then_o as_o it_o do_v now_o will_v have_v be_v equal_a to_o three_o of_o his_o diurnal_a revolution_n so_o by_o the_o same_o way_n i_o can_v have_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o chaos_n or_o angel_n be_v create_v before_o there_o be_v either_o light_n or_o any_o continue_a motion_n a_o minute_n a_o hour_n a_o day_n a_o year_n or_o 1000_o year_n for_o if_o i_o can_v but_o consider_v duration_n equal_a to_o one_o minute_n before_o either_o the_o be_v or_o motion_n of_o any_o body_n i_o can_v add_v one_o more_o minute_n till_o i_o come_v to_o 60._o and_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o add_v minute_n hour_n or_o year_n i._n e._n such_o or_o such_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n revolution_n or_o any_o other_o period_n whereof_o i_o have_v the_o idea_n proceed_v in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o suppose_v a_o duration_n exceed_v as_o many_o such_o period_n as_o i_o can_v reckon_v let_v i_o add_v whilst_o i_o will_v which_o i_o think_v be_v the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o eternity_n of_o who_o infinity_n we_o have_v no_o other_o notion_n than_o we_o have_v of_o the_o infinity_n of_o number_n to_o which_o we_o can_v add_v for_o ever_o without_o end_n §_o 32._o and_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o from_o those_o two_o fountain_n of_o all_o knowledge_n before_o mention_v viz._n reflection_n and_o sensation_n we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o duration_n and_o the_o measure_n of_o it_o for_o first_o by_o observe_v what_o pass_v in_o our_o mind_n how_o our_o idea_n there_o in_o train_n constant_o some_o vanish_v and_o other_o begin_v to_o appear_v we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o succession_n second_o by_o observe_v a_o distance_n in_o the_o part_n of_o this_o succession_n we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o duration_n three_o by_o sensation_n observe_v certain_a appearance_n at_o certain_a regular_a and_o seem_a equidistant_a period_n we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o certain_a length_n or_o measure_n of_o duration_n as_o minute_n hour_n day_n year_n etc._n etc._n four_o by_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v those_o measure_n of_o time_n or_o idea_n of_o state_v length_n of_o duration_n in_o our_o mind_n as_o oâ—ten_o as_o we_o will_v we_o can_v come_v to_o imagine_v duration_n where_o nothing_o do_v real_o endure_v or_o exist_v and_o thus_o we_o imagine_v to_o morrow_n next_o year_n or_o seven_o year_n hence_o five_o by_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v any_o such_o idea_n of_o any_o length_n of_o time_n as_o of_o a_o minute_n a_o year_n or_o a_o age_n as_o often_o as_o we_o will_v in_o our_o own_o thought_n and_o add_v they_o one_o to_o another_o without_o ever_o come_v to_o the_o end_n of_o such_o addition_n any_o near_a than_o we_o can_v to_o the_o end_n of_o number_n to_o which_o we_o can_v always_o add_v we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o eternity_n as_o the_o future_a eternal_a duration_n of_o our_o soul_n as_o well_o as_o the_o eternity_n of_o that_o infinite_a be_v which_o must_v necessary_o have_v always_o exi_v six_o by_o consider_v any_o part_n of_o infinite_a duration_n as_o set_v out_o by_o periodical_a measure_n we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o what_o we_o call_v time_n in_o general_n chap._n xv._n of_o duration_n and_o expansion_n consider_v together_o §_o 1._o though_o we_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n dwell_v pretty_a long_o on_o the_o consideration_n of_o space_n and_o duration_n yet_o they_o be_v idea_n of_o general_a concernment_n that_o have_v something_o very_o obstruse_a and_o peculiar_a in_o their_o nature_n the_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o may_v perhaps_o be_v of_o use_n for_o their_o illustration_n and_o we_o may_v have_v the_o more_o clear_a and_o distinct_a conception_n of_o they_o by_o take_v a_o view_n of_o they_o together_o distance_n or_o space_n in_o its_o simple_a abstract_n conception_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n i_o call_v expansion_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o extension_n which_o by_o some_o be_v use_v to_o express_v this_o distance_n only_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o
subtraction_n of_o any_o the_o least_o part_n and_o such_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o space_n duration_n and_o number_n which_o we_o have_v consider_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n it_o be_v true_a that_o we_o can_v but_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o great_a god_n of_o who_o and_o from_o who_o be_v all_o thing_n be_v incomprehensible_o infinite_a but_o yet_o when_o we_o apply_v to_o that_o first_o and_o supreme_a be_v our_o idea_n of_o infinite_a in_o our_o weak_a and_o narrow_a thought_n we_o do_v it_o primary_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o duration_n and_o ubiquity_n and_o i_o think_v more_o figurative_o to_o his_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n and_o other_o attribute_n which_o be_v proper_o inexhaustible_a and_o incomprehensible_a etc._n etc._n for_o when_o we_o call_v they_o infinite_a we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o this_o infinity_o but_o what_o carry_v with_o it_o some_o reflection_n on_o and_o imitation_n of_o that_o number_n or_o extent_n of_o the_o act_n or_o object_n of_o 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a_o mile_n or_o diametre_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n or_o of_o the_o orbis_n magnus_n for_o which-eve_a of_o these_o he_o take_v and_o how_o often_o soever_o he_o double_v or_o any_o otherwise_o multiply_v it_o he_o find_v that_o after_o he_o have_v continue_v this_o double_n in_o his_o thought_n and_o enlarge_v his_o idea_n as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v he_o have_v no_o more_o reason_n to_o stop_v nor_o be_v one_o jot_n near_o the_o end_n of_o such_o addition_n than_o he_o be_v at_o first_o set_v out_o the_o power_n of_o enlarge_a his_o idea_n of_o space_n by_o far_a addition_n remain_v still_o the_o same_o he_o hence_o take_v the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a space_n §_o 4._o this_o i_o think_v be_v the_o way_n whereby_o the_o mind_n get_v the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a space_n it_o be_v a_o quite_o different_a consideration_n to_o examine_v whether_o the_o mind_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o boundless_a space_n actual_o exist_v since_o our_o idea_n be_v not_o always_o proof_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n but_o yet_o since_o this_o come_v here_o in_o our_o way_n i_o suppose_v i_o may_v say_v that_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o space_n in_o itself_o be_v actual_o boundless_a to_o which_o imagination_n the_o idea_n of_o space_n or_o expansion_n of_o its_o self_n natural_o lead_v we_o for_o it_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o either_o as_o the_o extension_n of_o body_n or_o as_o exist_v by_o itself_o without_o any_o solid_a matter_n take_v it_o up_o for_o of_o such_o a_o void_a space_n we_o have_v not_o only_o the_o idea_n but_o i_o have_v prove_v as_o i_o think_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o body_n its_o necessary_a existence_n it_o be_v impossible_a the_o mind_n shall_v be_v ever_o able_a to_o find_v or_o suppose_v any_o end_n of_o it_o or_o be_v stop_v any_o where_o in_o its_o progress_n in_o this_o space_n how_o far_o soever_o it_o extend_v its_o thought_n any_o bound_n make_v with_o body_n even_o adamantine_a wall_n be_v so_o far_o from_o put_v a_o 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diametre_fw-la have_v a_o clear_a and_o positive_a idea_n of_o it_o in_o his_o mind_n and_o so_o can_v frame_v one_o of_o ½_o a_o ¼_n ⅛_n and_o so_o on_o till_o he_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o his_o thought_n of_o something_o very_o very_a little_a but_o yet_o reach_v not_o the_o idea_n of_o that_o incomprehensible_a littleness_n which_o division_n can_v produce_v what_o remain_v of_o smallness_n be_v as_o far_o from_o his_o thought_n as_o when_o he_o first_o begin_v and_o therefore_o he_o never_o come_v at_o all_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o positive_a idea_n of_o that_o smallness_n which_o be_v consequent_a to_o infinite_a divisibility_n §_o 19_o every_o one_o that_o look_v towards_o infinity_o do_v as_o i_o have_v say_v at_o first_o glance_n make_v some_o very_a large_a idea_n of_o that_o he_o apply_v it_o to_o let_v it_o be_v space_n or_o duration_n and_o possible_o weary_v his_o thought_n by_o multiply_v in_o his_o mind_n that_o first_o large_a idea_n but_o yet_o by_o that_o he_o come_v no_o near_o have_v a_o positive_a clear_a idea_n of_o what_o remain_v to_o make_v up_o a_o positive_a infinite_a than_o the_o country-fellow_n have_v of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v yet_o to_o come_v and_o pass_v the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n where_o he_o stand_v rusticus_n expectat_fw-la dum_fw-la transeat_fw-la amnis_fw-la at_o ille_fw-la labitur_fw-la &_o labetur_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la volubilis_fw-la aevum_fw-la §_o 20._o there_o be_v some_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o that_o put_v so_o much_o difference_n between_o infinite_a duration_n and_o infinite_a space_n that_o they_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o they_o have_v a_o positive_a idea_n of_o eternity_n but_o that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o infinite_a space_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o mistake_n i_o suppose_v
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they_o enjoy_v their_o privilege_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a with_o some_o other_o that_o i_o know_v who_o acknowledge_v they_o have_v none_o such_o to_o be_v better_o inform_v by_o their_o communication_n for_o i_o have_v be_v hitherto_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o great_a and_o inextricable_a difficulty_n which_o perpetual_o involve_v all_o discourse_n concern_v infinity_o whether_o of_o space_n duration_n or_o divisibility_n have_v be_v the_o certain_a mark_n of_o a_o defect_n in_o our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o and_o the_o disproportion_n the_o nature_n thereof_o have_v to_o the_o comprehension_n of_o our_o narrow_a capacity_n for_o whilst_o man_n talk_v and_o dispute_v of_o infinite_a space_n or_o duration_n as_o if_o they_o have_v as_o complete_a and_o positive_a idea_n of_o it_o as_o they_o have_v of_o the_o name_n they_o use_v for_o it_o or_o of_o a_o yard_n or_o of_o a_o hour_n or_o any_o other_o determinate_a quantity_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o incomprehensible_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o discourse_v of_o or_o reason_n about_o lead_v they_o into_o perplexity_n and_o contradiction_n and_o their_o mind_n be_v overlay_v by_o a_o object_n too_o large_a and_o mighty_a to_o be_v survey_v and_o manage_v by_o they_o §_o 22._o if_o i_o have_v dwell_v pretty_a long_o on_o the_o consideration_n of_o duration_n space_n and_o number_n and_o what_o arise_v from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o they_o infinity_o it_o be_v possible_o no_o more_o than_o the_o matter_n require_v there_o be_v few_o simple_a idea_n who_o modes_n give_v more_o exercise_n to_o the_o thought_n of_o man_n than_o these_o do_v i_o pretend_v not_o to_o treat_v of_o they_o in_o their_o full_a latitude_n it_o suffice_v to_o my_o design_n to_o show_v how_o the_o mind_n receive_v they_o such_o as_o they_o be_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n and_o how_o even_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o infinity_o how_o remote_a soever_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v from_o any_o object_n of_o sense_n or_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n have_v nevertheless_o as_o all_o our_o other_o idea_n its_o original_a there_o some_o mathematician_n perhaps_o of_o advance_a speculation_n may_v have_v other_o way_n to_o introduce_v into_o their_o mind_n idea_n of_o infinity_o but_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o they_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o man_n get_v the_o first_o idea_n they_o have_v of_o infinity_o from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n in_o the_o method_n we_o have_v here_o set_v down_o chap._n xviii_o of_o other_o simple_a modes_n §_o 1._o though_o i_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n show_v how_o from_o simple_a idea_n take_v in_o by_o sensation_n the_o mind_n come_v to_o extend_v its_o self_n even_o to_o infinity_o which_o however_o it_o may_v of_o all_o other_o seem_v most_o remote_a from_o any_o sensible_a perception_n yet_o at_o last_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o but_o what_o be_v make_v out_o of_o simple_a idea_n receive_v into_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o sense_n and_o afterward_o there_o put_v together_o by_o the_o faculty_n the_o mind_n have_v to_o repeat_v its_o own_o idea_n though_o i_o say_v these_o may_v be_v instance_n of_o enough_o simple_a modes_n of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensation_n and_o suffice_v to_o show_v how_o the_o mind_n come_v by_o they_o yet_o i_o shall_v for_o method_n sake_n though_o brief_o give_v a_o account_n of_o â—ome_o few_o more_o and_o then_o proceed_v to_o more_o complex_fw-la idea_n §_o 2._o to_o slide_v roll_n tumble_v walk_v creep_v run_v dance_z leap_z skip_v and_o abundance_n other_o that_o may_v be_v name_v be_v word_n which_o be_v no_o soon_o hear_v but_o every_o one_o who_o understand_v english_a have_v present_o in_o his_o mind_n distinct_a idea_n which_o be_v all_o but_o the_o different_a modification_n of_o motion_n modes_n of_o motion_n answer_v those_o of_o extension_n swift_a and_o slow_n be_v two_o different_a idea_n of_o motion_n the_o measure_n whereof_o be_v make_v of_o the_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o space_n put_v together_o so_o they_o be_v complex_fw-la ideas_n comprehend_v time_n and_o space_n with_o motion_n §_o 3._o the_o like_a variety_n have_v we_o in_o sound_n every_o articulate_a word_n be_v a_o different_a modification_n of_o sound_n by_o which_o we_o see_v that_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v by_o such_o modification_n the_o mind_n may_v be_v furnish_v with_o distinct_a idea_n to_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n sound_v also_o beside_o the_o distinct_a cry_n of_o bird_n and_o beast_n be_v modify_v by_o diversity_n of_o note_n of_o different_a length_n put_v together_o which_o make_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n call_v a_o tune_n which_o a_o musician_n may_v have_v in_o his_o mind_n when_o he_o hear_v or_o make_v no_o sound_n at_o all_o by_o reflect_v on_o the_o idea_n of_o those_o sound_n
so_o put_v together_o silent_o in_o his_o own_o fancy_n §_o 4._o those_o of_o colour_n may_v also_o be_v very_o various_a some_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o the_o different_a degree_n or_o as_o they_o be_v term_v shade_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o since_o we_o very_o seldom_o make_v assemblage_n of_o colour_n either_o for_o use_v or_o delight_n but_o figure_n be_v take_v in_o also_o and_o have_v its_o part_n in_o it_o as_o in_o paint_v weave_a needle-work_n etc._n etc._n those_o which_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o do_v most_o common_o belong_v to_o mix_a modes_n as_o be_v make_v up_o of_o idea_n of_o divers_a kind_n viz._n figure_n and_o colour_n such_o as_o beauty_n rain_v bow_n etc._n etc._n §_o 5._o all_o compound_v taste_n and_o smell_v be_v also_o modes_n make_v up_o of_o these_o simple_a idea_n of_o those_o sense_n but_o they_o be_v such_o as_o general_o we_o have_v no_o name_n for_o be_v less_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o can_v be_v set_v down_o in_o write_v and_o therefore_o must_v be_v leave_v without_o enumeration_n to_o the_o thought_n and_o experience_n of_o my_o reader_n §_o 6._o in_o general_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o those_o simple_a modes_n which_o be_v consider_v but_o as_o different_a degree_n of_o the_o same_o simple_a idea_n though_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o many_o of_o they_o very_o distinct_a idea_n yet_o have_v ordinary_o no_o distinct_a name_n nor_o be_v much_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o distinct_a idea_n where_o the_o difference_n be_v but_o very_o small_a between_o they_o whether_o man_n have_v neglect_v these_o modes_n and_o give_v no_o name_n to_o they_o as_o want_v measure_n nice_o to_o distinguish_v they_o or_o because_o when_o they_o be_v so_o distinguish_v that_o knowledge_n will_v not_o be_v of_o general_a or_o necessary_a use_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o thought_n of_o other_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o all_o these_o simple_a idea_n come_v to_o our_o mind_n only_o by_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n and_o that_o when_o the_o mind_n have_v they_o it_o can_v various_o repeat_v and_o compound_v they_o and_o so_o make_v new_a complex_fw-la idea_n but_o though_o white_a red_a or_o sweet_a etc._n etc._n have_v not_o be_v modify_v or_o make_v into_o complex_fw-la idea_n by_o several_a combination_n so_o as_o to_o be_v name_v and_o thereby_o rank_v into_o species_n yet_o some_o other_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n viz._n those_o of_o unity_n duration_n motion_n etc._n etc._n above_o instance_a in_o as_o also_o power_n and_o think_v have_v be_v thus_o modify_v to_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n with_o name_n belong_v to_o they_o §_o 7._o the_o reason_n whereof_o i_o suppose_v have_v be_v this_o that_o the_o great_a concernment_n of_o man_n be_v with_o man_n one_o among_o another_o the_o knowledge_n of_o man_n and_o their_o action_n and_o the_o signify_v of_o they_o to_o one_o another_o be_v most_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o they_o make_v idea_n of_o action_n very_o nice_o modify_v and_o give_v those_o complex_fw-la ideas_n name_n that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o record_v and_o discourse_n of_o those_o thing_n they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a in_o without_o long_a ambages_fw-la and_o circumlocution_n and_o that_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v continual_o to_o give_v and_o receive_v information_n about_o may_v be_v the_o easy_a and_o quick_a understand_v that_o this_o be_v so_o and_o that_o man_n in_o frame_v different_a complex_fw-la idea_n and_o give_v they_o name_n have_v be_v much_o govern_v by_o the_o end_n of_o speech_n in_o general_n which_o be_v a_o very_a short_a and_o expedite_a way_n of_o convey_v their_o thought_n one_o to_o another_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o name_n which_o in_o several_a art_n have_v be_v find_v out_o and_o apply_v to_o several_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modified_a action_n belong_v to_o their_o several_a trade_n for_o dispatch_v sake_n in_o their_o direction_n or_o discourse_n about_o they_o which_o idea_n be_v not_o general_o frame_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n not_o conversant_a about_o these_o operation_n and_o thence_o the_o word_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n of_o the_o same_o language_n be_v not_o understand_v v_o g._n coltsher_n drilling_n filtration_n cohobation_n be_v word_n stand_v for_o certain_a complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o every_o body_n they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o they_o those_o name_n of_o they_o be_v not_o general_o understand_v but_o by_o smith_n and_o chemist_n who_o have_v frame_v the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n which_o these_o word_n stand_v for_o and_o have_v give_v name_n to_o they_o or_o receive_v they_o from_o other_o upon_o hear_v of_o these_o name_n in_o communication_n ready_o conceive_v those_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n as_o by_o cohobation_n all_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o distil_v and_o the_o pour_v the_o liquor_n distil_v from_o any_o thing_n back_o upon_o the_o remain_a matter_n and_o distil_v it_o again_o thus_o we_o see_v that_o there_o be_v great_a variety_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o of_o taste_n and_o smell_v which_o have_v no_o name_n and_o of_o modes_n many_o more_o which_o either_o not_o have_v be_v general_o enough_o observe_v or_o else_o not_o be_v of_o any_o great_a use_n to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o affair_n and_o converse_v of_o man_n they_o have_v not_o have_v name_n give_v to_o they_o and_o so_o pass_v not_o for_o species_n which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o consider_v more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o word_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o modes_n of_o think_v §_o 1._o when_o the_o mind_n turn_v its_o view_n inward_o upon_o its_o self_n and_o contemplate_v its_o own_o action_n think_v be_v the_o first_o that_o occurr_n wherein_o it_o observe_v a_o great_a variety_n of_o modification_n and_o thereof_o frame_v to_o itself_o distinct_a idea_n thus_o the_o perception_n or_o thought_n which_o actual_o accompany_v and_o be_v annex_v to_o any_o impression_n on_o the_o body_n make_v by_o a_o external_a object_n it_o frame_v a_o distinct_a idea_n of_o which_o we_o call_v sensation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o actual_a entrance_n of_o any_o idea_n into_o the_o understanding_n by_o the_o sense_n the_o same_o idea_n when_o it_o again_o recurr_n without_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o like_a object_n on_o the_o eternal_a sensory_a be_v remembrance_n if_o it_o be_v seek_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n and_o with_o pain_n and_o endeavour_v find_v and_o bring_v again_o in_o view_n it_o be_v recollection_n if_o it_o be_v hold_v there_o long_o under_o attentive_a consideration_n it_o be_v contemplation_n when_o idea_n float_v in_o our_o mind_n without_o any_o reflection_n or_o regard_n of_o the_o understanding_n it_o be_v that_o which_o the_o french_a call_v resvery_n our_o language_n have_v scarce_o a_o name_n for_o it_o when_o the_o idea_n that_o offer_v themselves_o for_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n whilst_o we_o be_v awake_a there_o will_v always_o be_v a_o train_n of_o idea_n succeed_v one_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o it_o be_v register_v in_o the_o memory_n it_o be_v attention_n when_o the_o mind_n with_o great_a earnestness_n and_o of_o a_o choice_n fix_v its_o view_n on_o any_o idea_n consider_v it_o on_o all_o side_n and_o will_v not_o be_v call_v off_o by_o the_o ordinary_a solicitation_n of_o other_o idea_n it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v intention_n or_o study_v sleep_v without_o dream_v be_v rest_n from_o all_o these_o and_o dream_v itself_o be_v the_o perception_n of_o idea_n whilst_o the_o outward_a sense_n be_v stop_v so_o that_o they_o receive_v not_o outward_a object_n with_o their_o usual_a quickness_n in_o the_o mind_n not_o suggest_v by_o any_o external_a object_n or_o know_v occasion_n nor_o under_o any_o choice_n or_o conduct_n of_o the_o understanding_n at_o all_o and_o whether_o that_o which_o we_o call_v ecstasy_n be_v not_o dream_v with_o the_o eye_n open_a i_o leave_v to_o be_v examine_v §_o 2._o these_o be_v some_o few_o instance_n of_o those_o various_a modes_n of_o think_v which_o the_o mind_n may_v observe_v in_o itself_o and_o so_o frame_v as_o distinct_a idea_n of_o as_o it_o do_v of_o white_a and_o red_a a_o square_a or_o a_o circle_n i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o enumerate_v they_o all_o nor_o to_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o this_o set_v of_o idea_n which_o be_v get_v from_o reflection_n that_o will_v be_v to_o make_v a_o volume_n it_o suffice_v to_o my_o present_a purpose_n to_o have_v show_v here_o by_o some_o few_o example_n of_o what_o sort_n those_o idea_n be_v and_o how_o the_o mind_n come_v by_o they_o especial_o since_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o
a_o man_n can_v will_n what_o he_o will_v or_o be_v please_v with_o what_o he_o be_v please_v with_o a_o question_n which_o i_o think_v needs_o no_o answer_n and_o they_o who_o can_v make_v a_o question_n of_o it_o must_v suppose_v one_o will_n to_o determine_v the_o act_n of_o another_o and_o another_o to_o determinate_a that_o and_o so_o on_o in_o infinitum_fw-la a_o absurdity_n before_o take_v notice_n of_o §_o 26._o to_o avoid_v these_o and_o the_o like_a absurdity_n nothing_o can_v be_v of_o great_a use_n than_o to_o establish_v in_o our_o mind_n clear_a and_o steady_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n under_o consideration_n if_o the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n and_o volition_n be_v well_o fix_v in_o our_o understanding_n and_o carry_v along_o with_o we_o in_o our_o mind_n as_o they_o ought_v through_o all_o the_o question_n be_v raise_v about_o they_o i_o suppose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o difficulty_n that_o perplex_a man_n thought_n and_o entangle_v their_o understanding_n will_v be_v much_o easy_o resolve_v and_o we_o shall_v perceive_v where_o the_o confuse_a signification_n of_o term_n or_o where_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n cause_v the_o obscurity_n §_o 27._o first_o then_o it_o be_v careful_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o freedom_n consist_v in_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o existence_n or_o not_o existence_n of_o any_o action_n upon_o our_o volition_n of_o it_o and_o not_o in_o the_o dependence_n of_o any_o action_n or_o its_o contrary_a on_o our_o preference_n a_o man_n stand_v on_o a_o cliff_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o leap_v twenty_o yard_n downward_o into_o the_o sea_n not_o because_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o do_v the_o contrary_a action_n which_o be_v to_o leap_v twenty_o yard_n upward_o for_o that_o he_o can_v do_v but_o he_o be_v therefore_o free_a because_o he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o leap_v or_o not_o to_o leap_v but_o if_o a_o great_a force_n than_o he_o either_o hold_v he_o fast_o or_o tumble_v he_o down_o he_o be_v no_o long_o free_v in_o that_o case_n because_o the_o do_v or_o forbearance_n of_o that_o particular_a action_n be_v no_o long_o in_o his_o power_n he_o that_o be_v a_o close_a prisoner_n in_o a_o room_n twenty_o foot_n square_a be_v at_o the_o north-side_n of_o his_o chamber_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o walk_v twenty_o foot_n southward_o because_o he_o can_v walk_v or_o not_o walk_v it_o but_o be_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o liberty_n to_o do_v the_o contrary_a i._n e._n to_o walk_v twenty_o foot_n northward_o in_o this_o then_o consist_v freedom_n viz._n in_o our_o be_v able_a to_o act_v or_o not_o to_o act_v according_a as_o we_o shall_v choose_v or_o will_n §_n 28._o second_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v remember_v that_o volition_n or_o willing_n regard_v only_o what_o be_v in_o our_o power_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o prefer_v the_o do_v of_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o not_o do_v of_o it_o action_n to_o rest_n &_o contra_fw-la well_o but_o what_o be_v this_o prefer_v it_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o be_v please_v more_o with_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o be_v then_o a_o man_n indifferent_a to_o be_v please_v or_o not_o please_v more_o with_o one_o thing_n than_o another_o be_v it_o in_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v or_o will_v not_o be_v better_o please_v with_o one_o thing_n than_o another_o and_o to_o this_o i_o think_v every_o one_o experience_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v answer_n no._n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v §_o 29._o three_o that_o the_o will_n or_o preference_n be_v determine_v by_o something_o without_o itself_o let_v we_o see_v then_o what_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o if_o willing_a be_v but_o the_o be_v better_o please_v as_o have_v be_v show_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v what_o it_o be_v determine_v the_o will_n what_o it_o be_v please_v best_o every_o one_o know_v it_o be_v happiness_n or_o that_o which_o make_v any_o part_n of_o happiness_n or_o contribute_v to_o it_o and_o that_o be_v it_o we_o call_v good_n happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v the_o name_n of_o two_o extreme_n the_o utmost_a bound_n whereof_o we_o know_v not_o it_o be_v wat_fw-mi eye_n have_v not_o see_v ear_n have_v not_o hear_v nor_o have_v enter_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n to_o conceive_v but_o of_o some_o degree_n of_o both_o we_o have_v very_o lively_a impression_n make_v by_o several_a instance_n of_o delight_n and_o joy_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o torment_v and_o sorrow_n on_o the_o other_o which_o for_o shortness_n sake_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n there_o be_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o well_o as_o the_o body_n with_o he_o be_v fullness_n of_o joy_n and_o pleasure_n for_o evermore_o or_o to_o speak_v true_o they_o be_v all_o of_o the_o mind_n though_o some_o have_v their_o rise_n in_o the_o mind_n from_o thought_n other_o in_o the_o body_n from_o motion_n happiness_n then_o be_v the_o utmost_a pleasure_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o misery_n the_o utmost_a pain_n now_o because_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o certain_a object_n either_o on_o our_o mind_n or_o our_o body_n and_o in_o different_a degree_n therefore_o what_o have_v a_o aptness_n to_o produce_v pleasure_n in_o we_o be_v that_o we_o labour_v for_o and_o be_v that_o we_o call_v good_a and_o what_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v pain_n in_o we_o we_o avoid_v and_o call_v evil_a for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o for_o its_o aptness_n to_o produce_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n in_o we_o wherein_o consist_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n far_o because_o the_o degree_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n have_v also_o just_o a_o preference_n though_o what_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v any_o degree_n of_o pleasure_n be_v in_o itself_o good_a and_o what_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v any_o degree_n of_o pain_n be_v evil_a yet_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o we_o do_v not_o call_v it_o so_o when_o it_o come_v in_o competition_n with_o a_o great_a of_o its_o sort_n so_o that_o if_o we_o will_v right_o estimate_v what_o we_o call_v good_a and_o evil_a we_o shall_v find_v it_o lie_v much_o in_o comparison_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o less_o degree_n of_o pain_n as_o well_o as_o every_o great_a degree_n of_o pleasure_n have_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la and_o be_v that_o which_o determine_v our_o choice_n and_o challenge_v our_o preference_n good_a then_o the_o great_a good_a be_v that_o alone_a which_o determine_v the_o will._n §_o 30._o this_o be_v not_o a_o imperfection_n in_o man_n it_o be_v the_o high_a perfection_n of_o intellectual_a nature_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o restraint_n or_o diminution_n of_o freedom_n that_o it_o be_v the_o very_a improvement_n and_o benefit_n of_o it_o it_o be_v not_o a_o abrigdment_n it_o be_v the_o end_n and_o use_v of_o our_o liberty_n and_o the_o far_o we_o be_v remove_v from_o such_o a_o determination_n to_o good_a the_o near_o we_o be_v to_o misery_n and_o slavery_n a_o perfect_a indifferency_n in_o the_o will_n or_o power_n of_o prefer_v not_o determinable_a by_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v think_v to_o attend_v its_o choice_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o advantage_n and_o excellency_n of_o any_o intellectual_a nature_n that_o it_o will_v be_v as_o great_a a_o imperfection_n as_o the_o want_n of_o indifferency_n to_o act_n or_o not_o to_o act_v till_o determine_v by_o the_o will_n will_v be_v a_o imperfection_n on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o man_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o lift_v up_o his_o hand_n to_o his_o head_n or_o let_v it_o rest_v quiet_a he_o be_v perfect_o indifferent_a to_o either_o and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o imperfection_n in_o he_o if_o he_o want_v that_o power_n if_o he_o be_v deprive_v of_o that_o indifferency_n but_o it_o will_v be_v as_o great_a a_o imperfection_n if_o he_o have_v the_o same_o indifferency_n whether_o he_o will_v prefer_v the_o liâ—ting_n up_o his_o hand_n or_o its_o remain_v in_o rest_n when_o it_o will_v â—ave_n his_o head_n or_o eye_n from_o a_o blow_n he_o see_v come_v it_o be_v as_o much_o a_o perfection_n that_o the_o power_n of_o prefer_v shall_v be_v determine_v by_o good_a as_o that_o the_o power_n of_o act_v shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o will_n and_o the_o certain_a such_o determination_n be_v the_o great_a be_v the_o perfection_n §_o 31._o if_o we_o look_v upon_o those_o superior_a being_n above_o we_o who_o enjoy_v perfect_a happiness_n we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o judge_v they_o be_v more_o steady_o determine_v in_o their_o choice_n of_o good_a than_o we_o and_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o think_v they_o be_v less_o happy_a or_o less_o free_a than_o we_o
the_o idea_n of_o a_o power_n to_o prefer_v the_o do_n to_o the_o not_o do_v any_o particular_a action_n &_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la which_o it_o have_v think_v on_o which_o preference_n be_v true_o a_o mode_n of_o think_v and_o so_o the_o idea_n which_o the_o word_n will_n stand_v for_o be_v a_o complex_fw-la and_o mix_v one_o make_v up_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o power_n and_o a_o certain_a mode_n of_o think_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n be_v yet_o more_o complex_fw-la be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o power_n to_o act_v or_o not_o to_o act_v in_o conformity_n to_o volition_n but_o i_o hope_v this_o transgression_n against_o the_o method_n i_o have_v propose_v to_o myself_o will_v be_v forgive_v i_o if_o i_o have_v quit_v it_o a_o little_a to_o explain_v some_o idea_n of_o great_a importance_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o will_n liberty_n and_o necessity_n in_o this_o place_n where_o they_o as_o it_o be_v offer_v themselves_o and_o spring_v up_o from_o their_o proper_a root_n beside_o have_v before_o large_o enough_o instance_a in_o several_a simple_a modes_n to_o show_v what_o i_o mean_v by_o they_o and_o how_o the_o mind_n get_v they_o for_o i_o intend_v not_o to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o particular_a idea_n of_o each_o sort_n those_o of_o will_n liberty_n and_o necessity_n may_v serve_v as_o instance_n of_o mix_a modes_n which_o be_v that_o sort_n of_o idea_n i_o purpose_v next_o to_o treat_v of_o §_o 47._o and_o thus_o i_o have_v in_o a_o short_a draught_n give_v a_o view_n of_o our_o original_a idea_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v derive_v and_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v up_o which_o if_o i_o will_v consider_v as_o a_o philosopher_n and_o examine_v on_o what_o cause_n they_o depend_v and_o of_o what_o they_o be_v make_v i_o believe_v they_o all_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o very_a few_o primary_n and_o original_a one_o viz._n extension_n solidity_n mobility_n which_o by_o our_o sense_n we_o receive_v from_o body_n think_v and_o the_o power_n of_o move_a which_o by_o reflection_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o mind_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v existence_n duration_n number_n which_o belong_v both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o we_o have_v perhaps_o all_o the_o original_a idea_n on_o which_o the_o rest_n depend_v for_o by_o these_o i_o imagine_v may_v be_v explain_v the_o nature_n of_o colour_n sound_n taste_n smell_v and_o all_o other_o idea_n we_o have_v if_o we_o have_v but_o faculty_n acute_a enough_o to_o perceive_v the_o several_o modify_v extension_n and_o motion_n of_o these_o minute_n body_n which_o produce_v those_o several_a sensation_n in_o we_o but_o my_o present_a purpose_n be_v to_o inquire_v only_o into_o the_o knowledge_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o thing_n by_o those_o idea_n and_o appearance_n god_n have_v fit_v it_o to_o receive_v from_o they_o and_o how_o the_o mind_n come_v by_o that_o knowledge_n rather_o than_o into_o their_o cause_n or_o manner_n of_o production_n i_o shall_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o design_n of_o this_o essay_n set_v myself_o to_o inquire_v philosophical_o into_o the_o peculiar_a constitution_n of_o body_n and_o the_o configuration_n of_o part_n whereby_o they_o have_v the_o power_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o their_o sensible_a quality_n i_o shall_v not_o enter_v any_o far_o into_o that_o disquisition_n it_o suffice_v to_o my_o purpose_n to_o observe_v that_o gold_n or_o saffron_n have_v a_o power_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a and_o snow_n or_o milk_n the_o idea_n of_o white_a which_o we_o can_v have_v only_o by_o our_o sight_n without_o examine_v the_o texture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o body_n or_o the_o particular_a figure_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o rebound_n from_o they_o to_o cause_v in_o we_o that_o particular_a sensation_n though_o when_o we_o go_v beyond_o the_o bare_a idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o will_v inquire_v into_o their_o cause_n we_o can_v conceive_v any_o thing_n else_o to_o be_v in_o any_o sensible_a object_n whereby_o it_o produce_v different_a idea_n in_o we_o but_o the_o different_a bulk_n figure_n number_n texture_n and_o motion_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n chap._n xxii_o of_o mix_a modes_n §_o 1._o have_v treat_v of_o simple_a modes_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n and_o give_v several_a instance_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o they_o to_o show_v what_o they_o be_v and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o they_o we_o be_v now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v those_o we_o call_v mix_v modes_n such_o be_v the_o complex_n idea_n we_o make_v by_o the_o name_n obligation_n drunkenness_n a_o lie_n etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o several_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n of_o different_a kind_n i_o have_v call_v mix_v modes_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o more_o simple_a modes_n which_o consist_v only_o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n these_o mix_a modes_n be_v also_o such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o be_v not_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o characteristical_a mark_n of_o any_o real_a being_n that_n have_v a_o steady_a existence_n but_o scatter_v and_o independent_a idea_n put_v together_o by_o the_o mind_n be_v thereby_o distinguish_v from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n §_o 2._o that_o the_o mind_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o simple_a idea_n be_v whole_o passive_a and_o receive_v they_o all_o from_o the_o existence_n and_o operation_n of_o thing_n such_o as_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n offer_v they_o without_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o one_o idea_n experience_n show_v we_o but_o if_o we_o attentive_o consider_v these_o idea_n i_o call_v mix_v modes_n we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o we_o shall_v find_v their_o original_a quite_o different_a the_o mind_n here_o often_o exercise_v a_o active_a power_n in_o the_o make_v these_o several_a combination_n for_o it_o be_v once_o furnish_v with_o simple_a idea_n it_o can_v put_v they_o together_o in_o several_a composition_n and_o so_o make_v variety_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n without_o examine_v whether_o they_o exist_v so_o together_o in_o nature_n and_o hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v that_o these_o sort_n of_o idea_n be_v call_v notion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v their_o original_a and_o constant_a existence_n more_o in_o the_o thought_n of_o man_n than_o in_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o to_o form_v such_o idea_n it_o suffice_v that_o the_o mind_n put_v the_o part_n of_o they_o together_o and_o that_o they_o be_v consistent_a in_o the_o understanding_n without_o consider_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o real_a be_v though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o several_a of_o they_o may_v be_v take_v from_o observation_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o several_a simple_a idea_n so_o combine_v as_o they_o be_v put_v together_o in_o the_o understanding_n for_o the_o man_n who_o first_o frame_v the_o idea_n of_o hypocrisy_n may_v have_v either_o take_v it_o at_o first_o from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o who_o make_v show_v of_o good_a quality_n which_o he_o have_v not_o or_o else_o have_v frame_v that_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n without_o have_v any_o such_o pattern_n to_o fashion_v it_o by_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o language_n and_o society_n of_o man_n several_a of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v consequent_a to_o the_o constitution_n establish_v among_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n before_o they_o exist_v any_o where_o else_o and_o that_o many_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v in_o use_n and_o so_o those_o idea_n frame_v before_o the_o combination_n they_o stand_v for_o ever_o exi_v §_o 3._o indeed_o now_o that_o language_n be_v make_v and_o abound_v with_o word_n stand_v for_o they_o a_o usual_a way_n of_o get_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v by_o the_o explication_n of_o those_o term_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o for_o consist_v of_o a_o company_n of_o simple_a idea_n combine_v they_o may_v by_o word_n stand_v for_o those_o simple_a idea_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o mind_n of_o one_o who_o understand_v those_o word_n though_o that_o complex_fw-la combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v never_o offer_v to_o his_o mind_n by_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n thus_o a_o man_n may_v come_v to_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o sacrilege_n or_o murder_n by_o enumerate_v to_o he_o the_o simple_a idea_n these_o word_n stand_v for_o without_o ever_o see_v either_o of_o they_o commit_v §_o 4._o every_o mix_a mode_n consist_v of_o many_o distinct_a simple_a idea_n it_o may_v be_v well_o inquire_v whence_o it_o have_v its_o unity_n and_o how_o such_o a_o precise_a multitude_n come_v to_o make_v but_o one_o idea_n since_o that_o combination_n do_v not_o
be_v reckon_v its_o active_a power_n and_o passive_a capacity_n which_o though_o not_o strict_o simple_a idea_n yet_o in_o this_o respect_n for_o brevity_n sake_n may_v convenient_o enough_o be_v reckon_v among_o they_o thus_o the_o power_n of_o draw_v iron_n be_v one_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o that_o substance_n we_o call_v a_o loadstone_n and_o a_o power_n to_o be_v so_o draw_v be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o we_o call_v iron_n which_o power_n pass_v for_o inherent_a quality_n in_o those_o subject_n because_o every_o substance_n be_v as_o apt_a by_o the_o power_n we_o observe_v in_o it_o to_o change_v some_o sensible_a quality_n in_o other_o subject_n as_o it_o be_v to_o produce_v in_o we_o those_o simple_a idea_n we_o receive_v immediate_o from_o it_o do_v by_o those_o new_a sensible_a quality_n introduce_v into_o other_o subject_n discover_v to_o we_o those_o power_n which_o do_v thereby_o mediate_o affect_v our_o sense_n as_o regular_o as_o its_o sensible_a quality_n do_v it_o immediate_o v._n g._n we_o immediate_o by_o our_o sense_n perceive_v in_o fire_n its_o heat_n and_o colour_n which_o be_v if_o right_o consider_v nothing_o but_o power_n in_o it_o to_o produce_v those_o idea_n in_o we_o we_o also_o by_o our_o sense_n perceive_v the_o colour_n and_o brittleness_n of_o charcoal_n whereby_o we_o come_v by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o another_o power_n in_o fire_n which_o it_o have_v to_o change_v the_o colour_n and_o consistency_n of_o wood_n by_o the_o former_a fire_n immediate_o by_o the_o late_a it_o mediate_o discover_v to_o we_o these_o several_a power_n which_o therefore_o we_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o it_o for_o all_o those_o power_n that_o we_o take_v cognizance_n of_o terminate_n only_o in_o the_o alteration_n of_o some_o sensible_a quality_n in_o those_o subject_n on_o which_o they_o operate_v and_o so_o make_v they_o exhibit_v to_o we_o new_a sensible_a idea_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o i_o have_v reckon_v these_o power_n among_o the_o simple_a idea_n which_o make_v the_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n though_o these_o power_n consider_v in_o themselves_o be_v true_o complex_fw-la idea_n and_o in_o this_o loose_a sense_n i_o crave_v leave_n to_o be_v understand_v when_o i_o name_v any_o of_o these_o potentiality_n among_o the_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o recollect_v in_o our_o mind_n when_o we_o think_v of_o particular_a substance_n for_o the_o power_n that_o be_v several_o in_o they_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v consider_v if_o we_o will_v have_v true_a distinct_a notion_n of_o substance_n §_o 8._o nor_o be_v we_o to_o wonder_v that_o power_n make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n since_o their_o secondary_a quality_n be_v those_o which_o in_o most_o of_o they_o serve_v principal_o to_o distinguish_v substance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o common_o make_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o they_o for_o our_o sense_n fail_v we_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o bulk_n texture_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o body_n on_o which_o their_o real_a constitution_n and_o difference_n depend_v we_o be_v fain_o to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o secondary_a quality_n as_o the_o characteristical_a note_n and_o mark_n whereby_o to_o frame_v idea_n of_o they_o in_o our_o mind_n and_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o all_o which_o secondary_a quality_n as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a power_n for_o the_o colour_n and_o taste_n of_o opium_n be_v as_o well_o as_o its_o foporifick_a or_o anodyn_a virtue_n mere_a power_n depend_v on_o its_o primary_n quality_n whereby_o it_o be_v sit_v to_o produce_v different_a operation_n on_o different_a part_n of_o our_o body_n the_o idea_n that_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o corporeal_a substance_n be_v of_o these_o three_o sort_n first_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o primary_n quality_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o be_v in_o they_o even_o when_o we_o perceive_v they_o not_o such_o be_v the_o bulk_n figure_n number_n situation_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o body_n which_o be_v real_o in_o they_o whether_o we_o perceive_v they_o or_o no._n second_o the_o sensible_a secondary_a quality_n which_o depend_v on_o these_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n those_o substance_n have_v to_o produce_v several_a idea_n in_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n which_o idea_n be_v not_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o otherwise_o than_o as_o any_o thing_n be_v in_o its_o cause_n three_o the_o aptness_n we_o consider_v in_o any_o substance_n to_o give_v or_o receive_v such_o alteration_n of_o primary_n quality_n as_o that_o the_o substance_n so_o alter_v shall_v produce_v in_o we_o different_a idea_n from_o what_o it_o do_v before_o these_o be_v call_v active_a and_o passive_a power_n all_o which_o power_n as_o far_o as_o we_o have_v any_o notice_n or_o notion_n of_o they_o terminate_v only_o in_o sensible_a simple_a idea_n for_o whatever_o alteration_n a_o loadstone_n have_v the_o power_n to_o make_v in_o the_o minute_n particle_n of_o iron_n we_o shall_v have_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o power_n it_o have_v at_o all_o to_o operate_v on_o iron_n do_v not_o its_o sensible_a motion_n discover_v it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o be_v a_o thousand_o change_n that_o body_n we_o daily_o handle_v have_v a_o power_n to_o cause_n in_o one_o another_o which_o we_o never_o suspect_v because_o they_o never_o appear_v in_o sensible_a effect_n §_o 10._o power_n therefore_o just_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n he_o that_o will_v examine_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n will_v find_v several_a of_o its_o idea_n that_o make_v it_o up_o to_o be_v only_a power_n as_o the_o power_n of_o be_v melt_v but_o of_o keep_v its_o weight_n in_o the_o fire_n of_o be_v dissolve_v in_o aq._n regia_n be_v idea_n as_o necessary_a to_o make_v up_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n as_o its_o colour_n and_o weight_n which_o if_o due_o consider_v be_v also_o nothing_o but_o different_a power_n for_o to_o speak_v true_o yellowness_n be_v not_o actual_o in_o gold_n but_o be_v a_o power_n in_o gold_n to_o produce_v that_o idea_n in_o we_o by_o our_o eye_n when_o place_v in_o a_o due_a light_n and_o the_o heat_n which_o we_o can_v leave_v out_o of_o our_o idea_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v no_o more_o real_o in_o the_o sun_n than_o the_o white_a colour_n it_o introduce_v in_o wax_n these_o be_v both_o equal_o power_n in_o the_o sun_n operate_n by_o the_o motion_n and_o figure_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n so_o on_o a_o man_n as_o to_o make_v he_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o heat_n and_o so_o on_o wax_n as_o to_o make_v it_o capable_a to_o produce_v in_o a_o man_n the_o idea_n of_o white_a §_o 11._o have_v we_o sense_n acute_a enough_o to_o discern_v the_o minute_n particle_n of_o body_n and_o the_o real_a constitution_n on_o which_o their_o sensible_a quality_n depend_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o will_v produce_v quite_o different_a idea_n in_o we_o and_o that_o which_o be_v now_o the_o yellow_a colour_n of_o gold_n will_v then_o disappear_v and_o instead_o of_o it_o we_o shall_v see_v a_o admirable_a texture_n of_o part_n of_o a_o certain_a size_n and_o figure_n this_o microscope_n plain_o discover_v to_o we_o for_o what_o to_o our_o naked_a eye_n produce_v a_o certain_a colour_n be_v by_o thus_o augment_v the_o acuteness_n of_o our_o sense_n discover_v to_o be_v quite_o a_o different_a thing_n and_o the_o thus_o alter_v as_o it_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o a_o colour_a object_n to_o our_o usual_a sight_n produce_v different_a idea_n from_o what_o it_o do_v before_o thus_o sand_n or_o pound_v glass_n which_o be_v opaque_fw-la and_o white_a to_o the_o naked_a eye_n be_v pellucid_a in_o a_o microscope_n and_o a_o hair_n see_v this_o way_n lose_v its_o former_a colour_n and_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n pellucid_a with_o a_o mixture_n of_o some_o bright_a sparkle_a colour_n such_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o refraction_n of_o diamond_n and_o other_o pellucid_a body_n blood_n to_o the_o naked_a eye_n appear_v all_o red_a but_o by_o a_o good_a microscope_n wherein_o its_o lesser_a part_n appear_v show_v only_o some_o few_o globule_n of_o red_a swim_v in_o a_o pellucid_a liquor_n and_o how_o these_o red_a globule_n will_v appear_v if_o glass_n can_v be_v find_v that_o yet_o can_v magnify_v they_o 1000_o or_o 10000_o time_n more_o be_v uncertain_a §_o 12._o the_o infinite_o wise_a contriver_n of_o we_o and_o
may_v account_v for_o the_o cohesion_n of_o several_a part_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v grosser_n than_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n and_o have_v pore_n less_o than_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o air_n yet_o the_o weight_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n will_v not_o explain_v nor_o can_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o the_o coherence_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n themselves_o and_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o aether_n or_o any_o subtle_a matter_n than_o the_o air_n may_v unite_v and_o hold_v fast_o together_o the_o part_n of_o a_o particle_n of_o air_n as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n yet_o it_o can_v make_v bond_n for_o itself_o and_o hold_v together_o the_o part_n that_o make_v up_o every_o the_o least_o corpuscle_n of_o that_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la so_o that_o that_o hypothesis_n how_o ingenious_o soever_o explain_v by_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o sensible_a body_n be_v hold_v together_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o other_o external_a insensible_a body_n reach_v not_o the_o part_n of_o the_o aether_n itself_o and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o evident_a it_o prove_v that_o the_o part_n of_o other_o body_n be_v hold_v together_o by_o the_o external_a pressure_n of_o the_o aether_n and_o can_v have_v no_o other_o conceivable_a cause_n of_o their_o cohesion_n and_o union_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a concern_v the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o aether_n itself_o which_o we_o can_v neither_o conceive_v without_o part_n they_o be_v body_n and_o divisible_a nor_o yet_o how_o their_o part_n cohere_v they_o want_v that_o cause_n of_o cohesion_n which_o be_v give_v of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o all_o other_o body_n §_o 24._o but_o in_o truth_n the_o pressure_n of_o any_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la how_o great_a soever_o can_v be_v no_o intelligible_a cause_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o matter_n for_o though_o such_o a_o pressure_n may_v hinder_v the_o avulsion_n of_o two_o polish_a superficies_n one_o from_o another_o in_o a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o experiment_n of_o two_o polish_a marble_n yet_o it_o can_v never_o in_o the_o least_o hinder_v the_o separation_n by_o a_o motion_n in_o a_o line_n parallel_n to_o these_o superficies_n because_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la have_v a_o full_a liberty_n to_o succeed_v in_o each_o point_n of_o space_n disert_v by_o a_o lateral_a motion_n resist_v such_o a_o motion_n of_o body_n so_o join_v no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v resist_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o body_n be_v it_o on_o all_o side_n environ_v by_o that_o fluid_a and_o touch_v no_o other_o body_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o cohesion_n all_o part_n of_o body_n must_v be_v easy_o separable_a by_o such_o a_o lateral_a slide_a motion_n for_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o aether_n be_v the_o adequate_a cause_n of_o cohesion_n wherever_o that_o cause_n operate_v not_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cohesion_n and_o since_o it_o can_v operate_v against_o such_o a_o lateral_a separation_n as_o have_v be_v show_v therefore_o in_o every_o imaginary_a plain_n intersect_v any_o mass_n of_o matter_n there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o cohesion_n than_o of_o two_o polish_a superficies_n which_o will_v always_o notwithstanding_o any_o imaginable_a pressure_n of_o a_o fluid_a easy_o slide_v one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o perhaps_o how_o clear_a a_o idea_n soever_o we_o think_v we_o have_v of_o the_o extension_n of_o body_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o cohesion_n of_o solid_a part_n he_o that_o shall_v well_o consider_v it_o in_o his_o mind_n may_v have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o he_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n how_o the_o soul_n think_v as_o how_o body_n be_v extend_v for_o since_o body_n be_v no_o far_o nor_o otherwise_o extend_v than_o by_o the_o union_n and_o cohesion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n we_o shall_v very_o ill_o comprehend_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n without_o understanding_n wherein_o consist_v the_o union_n and_o cohesion_n of_o its_o part_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o incomprehensible_a as_o the_o manner_n of_o think_v and_o how_o it_o be_v perform_v §_o 25._o i_o allow_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o most_o people_n to_o wonder_n how_o any_o one_o shall_v find_v a_o difficulty_n in_o what_o they_o think_v they_o every_o day_n observe_v do_v we_o not_o see_v will_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o say_v the_o part_n of_o body_n stick_v firm_o together_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o common_a and_o what_o doubt_n can_v there_o be_v make_v of_o it_o and_o the_o like_a i_o say_v concern_v think_v and_o voluntary_a motion_n do_v we_o not_o every_o moment_n experiment_n it_o in_o ourselves_o and_o therefore_o can_v it_o be_v doubt_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v clear_a i_o confess_v but_o when_o we_o will_v a_o little_a near_o look_v into_o it_o and_o consider_v how_o it_o be_v do_v there_o i_o think_v we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o can_v as_o little_o understand_v how_o the_o part_n of_o body_n cohere_v as_o how_o we_o ourselves_o perceive_v or_o move_v i_o will_v have_v any_o one_o intelligible_o explain_v to_o i_o how_o the_o part_n of_o gold_n or_o brass_n that_o but_o now_o in_o fusion_n be_v as_o loose_v from_o one_o another_o as_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n or_o the_o sand_n of_o a_o hourglass_n come_v in_o a_o few_o moment_n to_o be_v so_o unite_v and_o adhere_v so_o strong_o one_o to_o another_o that_o the_o utmost_a force_n of_o man_n arm_n can_v separate_v they_o a_o consider_v man_n will_v i_o suppose_v be_v here_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o satisfy_v his_o own_o or_o another_o man_n understanding_n §_o 26._o the_o little_a body_n that_o compose_v that_o fluid_a we_o call_v water_n be_v so_o extreme_o small_a that_o i_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o one_o who_o by_o a_o microscope_n and_o yet_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o some_o that_o have_v magnify_v to_o 10000_o nay_o to_o much_o above_o 100,000_o time_n pretend_v to_o perceive_v their_o distinct_a bulk_n figure_n or_o motion_n and_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n be_v also_o so_o perfect_o loose_v one_o from_o another_o that_o the_o least_o force_n sensible_o separate_v they_o nay_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o perpetual_a motion_n we_o must_v allow_v they_o to_o have_v no_o cohesion_n one_o with_o another_o and_o yâ—t_o let_v but_o a_o sharp_a cold_a come_v and_o they_o unite_v they_o consolidate_n these_o little_a atom_n cohere_v and_o be_v not_o without_o great_a force_n separable_a he_o that_o can_v find_v the_o bond_n that_o tie_v these_o heap_n of_o loose_a little_a body_n together_o so_o firm_o he_o that_o can_v make_v know_v the_o cement_n that_o make_v they_o stick_v so_o fast_o one_o to_o another_o will_v discover_v a_o great_a and_o yet_o unknown_a secret_n and_o yet_o when_o that_o be_v do_v will_v he_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o make_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n which_o be_v the_o cohesion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n intelligible_a till_o he_o can_v show_v wherein_o consist_v the_o union_n or_o consolidation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o bond_n or_o of_o that_o cement_n or_o of_o the_o least_o particle_n of_o matter_n that_o exist_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o primary_n and_o suppose_a obvious_a quality_n of_o body_n will_v be_v find_v when_o examine_v to_o be_v as_o incomprehensible_a as_o any_o thing_n belong_v to_o our_o mind_n and_o a_o solid_a extend_a substance_n as_o hard_o to_o be_v conceive_v as_o a_o thine_a one_o whatever_o difficulty_n some_o will_v raise_v against_o it_o §_o 27._o for_o to_o extend_v our_o thought_n a_o little_a far_o that_o pressure_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o explain_v the_o cohesion_n of_o body_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o the_o cohesion_n itself_o for_o if_o matter_n be_v consider_v as_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v finite_a let_v any_o one_o send_v his_o contemplation_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o universe_n and_o there_o see_v what_o conceivable_a hoop_n what_o bond_n he_o can_v imagine_v to_o hold_v this_o mass_n of_o matter_n in_o so_o close_a a_o pressure_n together_o from_o whence_o steel_n have_v its_o firmness_n and_o the_o part_n of_o a_o diamond_n their_o hardness_n and_o indissolubility_n if_o matter_n be_v finite_a it_o must_v have_v its_o extreme_n and_o there_o must_v be_v something_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o scatter_v asunder_o if_o to_o avoid_v this_o difficulty_n any_o one_o will_v throw_v himself_o into_o the_o supposition_n and_o abyss_n of_o infinite_a matter_n let_v he_o consider_v what_o light_n he_o thereby_o bring_v to_o the_o cohesion_n of_o body_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o the_o near_a make_v it_o intelligible_a by_o resolve_v it_o into_o a_o
supposition_n the_o most_o absurd_a and_o most_o incomprehensible_a of_o all_o other_o so_o far_o be_v our_o extension_n of_o body_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o cohesion_n of_o solid_a part_n from_o be_v clear_a or_o more_o distinct_a when_o we_o will_v inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n cause_n or_o manner_n of_o it_o than_o the_o idea_n of_o think_v §_o 28._o another_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o body_n be_v the_o power_n of_o communication_n of_o motion_n by_o impulse_n and_o of_o our_o soul_n the_o power_n of_o exciting_a of_o motion_n by_o thought_n these_o idea_n the_o one_o of_o body_n the_o other_o of_o our_o mind_n every_o day_n experience_n clear_o furnish_v we_o with_o but_o if_o here_o again_o we_o inquire_v how_o this_o be_v do_v we_o be_v equal_o in_o the_o dark_a for_o in_o the_o communication_n of_o motion_n by_o impulse_n wherein_o as_o much_o motion_n be_v lose_v to_o one_o body_n as_o be_v get_v to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a case_n we_o can_v have_v no_o other_o conception_n but_o of_o the_o pass_n of_o motion_n out_o of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o obscure_v and_o unconceivable_a as_o how_o our_o mind_n move_v or_o stop_v our_o body_n by_o thought_n which_o we_o every_o moment_n find_v they_o do_v the_o increase_n of_o motion_n by_o impulse_n which_o be_v observe_v or_o believe_v sometime_o to_o happen_v be_v yet_o hard_o to_o be_v understand_v we_o have_v by_o daily_a experience_n clear_a evience_n of_o motion_n produce_v both_o by_o impulse_n and_o by_o thought_n but_o the_o manner_n how_o hardly_o come_v within_o our_o comprehension_n we_o be_v qual_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o both_o so_o that_o however_o we_o consider_v motion_n and_o its_o communication_n either_o in_o body_n or_o spirit_n the_o idea_n which_o belong_v to_o spirit_n be_v at_o least_o as_o clear_v as_o that_o that_o belong_v to_o body_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o active_a power_n of_o move_a or_o as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o motivity_n it_o be_v much_o clear_a in_o spirit_n than_o body_n since_o two_o body_n place_v by_o one_o another_o at_o rest_n will_v never_o afford_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o power_n in_o the_o one_o to_o move_v the_o other_o but_o by_o a_o borrow_a motion_n whereas_o the_o mind_n every_o day_n afford_v we_o idea_n of_o a_o active_a power_n of_o move_v of_o body_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o consideration_n whether_o active_a power_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a attribute_n of_o spirit_n and_o passive_a power_n of_o matter_n but_o be_v that_o as_o it_o will_v i_o think_v we_o have_v as_o many_o and_o as_o clear_a idea_n belong_v to_o spirit_n as_o we_o have_v belong_v to_o body_n the_o substance_n of_o each_o be_v equal_o unknown_a to_o we_o and_o the_o idea_n of_o think_v in_o spirit_n as_o clear_a as_o of_o extension_n in_o body_n and_o the_o communication_n of_o motion_n by_o thought_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o spirit_n be_v as_o evident_a as_o that_o by_o impulse_n which_o we_o ascribe_v to_o body_n constant_a experience_n make_v we_o sensible_a of_o both_o of_o these_o though_o our_o narrow_a understanding_n can_v comprehend_v neither_o for_o when_o the_o mind_n will_v look_v beyond_o these_o original_a idea_n we_o have_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n and_o penetrate_v into_o their_o cause_n and_o manner_n of_o production_n we_o find_v still_o it_o discover_v nothing_o but_o its_o own_o short-sightedness_n §_o 29._o to_o conclude_v sensation_n convince_v we_o that_o there_o be_v solid_a extend_v substance_n and_o reflection_n that_o there_o be_v think_v one_o experience_n assure_v we_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o being_n and_o that_o the_o one_o have_v a_o power_n to_o move_v body_n by_o impulse_n the_o other_o by_o thought_n this_o we_o can_v doubt_v of_o experience_n i_o say_v every_o moment_n furnish_v we_o with_o the_o clear_a idea_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o but_o beyond_o these_o idea_n as_o receive_v from_o their_o proper_a source_n our_o faculty_n will_v not_o reach_v if_o we_o will_v inquire_v far_o into_o their_o nature_n cause_n and_o manner_n we_o perceive_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o extension_n clear_a than_o we_o do_v of_o think_v if_o we_o will_v explain_v they_o any_o far_a one_o be_v as_o easy_a as_o the_o other_o and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o difficulty_n to_o conceive_v how_o a_o substance_n we_o know_v not_o shall_v by_o thought_n set_v body_n into_o motion_n than_o how_o a_o substance_n we_o know_v not_o shall_v by_o impulse_n set_v body_n into_o motion_n so_o that_o we_o be_v no_o more_o able_a to_o discover_v wherein_o the_o idea_n belong_v to_o body_n consist_v than_o those_o belong_v to_o spirit_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v probable_a to_o i_o that_o the_o simple_a idea_n we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n be_v the_o boundary_n of_o our_o thought_n beyond_o which_o the_o mind_n whatever_o effort_n it_o will_v make_v be_v not_o able_a to_o advance_v one_o jot_n nor_o can_v it_o make_v any_o discovery_n when_o it_o will_v pry_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o hide_a cause_n of_o those_o idea_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o in_o short_a the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o spirit_n compare_v with_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o body_n stand_v thus_o the_o substance_n of_o spirit_n be_v unknown_a to_o we_o and_o so_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o body_n equal_o unknown_a to_o we_o two_o primary_n quality_n or_o property_n of_o body_n viz._n solid_a coherent_a part_n and_o impulse_n we_o have_v distinct_a clear_a idea_n of_o so_o likewise_o we_o know_v and_o have_v distinct_a clear_a idea_n of_o two_o primary_n quality_n or_o property_n of_o spirit_n viz._n think_v and_o a_o pour_v action_n i._n e._n a_o power_n of_o beginning_n or_o stop_v several_a thought_n or_o motion_n we_o have_v also_o the_o idea_n of_o several_a quality_n inherent_a in_o body_n and_o have_v the_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o they_o which_o quality_n be_v but_o the_o various_a modification_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o cohere_v solid_a part_n and_o their_o motion_n we_o have_v likewise_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o several_a mode_n of_o think_v viz._n believe_v doubt_v intend_v fear_v hope_v all_o which_o be_v but_o the_o several_a mode_n of_o think_v we_o have_v also_o the_o idea_n of_o willing_a and_o move_a the_o body_n consequent_a to_o it_o and_o with_o the_o body_n itself_o too_o for_o as_o have_v be_v show_v spirit_n be_v capable_a of_o motion_n §_o 31._o last_o if_o this_o notion_n of_o spirit_n may_v have_v perhaps_o some_o difficulty_n in_o it_o not_o easy_a to_o be_v explain_v we_o have_v thereby_o no_o more_o reason_n to_o deny_v or_o doubt_v the_o existence_n of_o spirit_n than_o we_o have_v to_o deny_v or_o doubt_v the_o existence_n of_o body_n because_o the_o notion_n of_o body_n be_v cumber_v with_o some_o difficulty_n very_o hard_o and_o perhaps_o impossible_a to_o be_v explain_v or_o understand_v by_o we_o for_o i_o will_v fain_o have_v instance_a any_o thing_n in_o our_o notion_n of_o spirit_n more_o perplex_v or_o near_o a_o contradiction_n than_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o body_n include_v in_o it_o the_o divisibility_n in_o infinitum_fw-la of_o any_o finite_a extension_n involve_v we_o whether_o we_o grant_v or_o deny_v it_o in_o consequence_n impossible_a to_o be_v explicate_v or_o make_v consistent_a consequence_n that_o carry_v great_a difficulty_n and_o more_o apparent_a absurdity_n than_o any_o thing_n can_v follow_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o immaterial_a know_a substance_n §_o 32._o which_o we_o be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o wonder_v at_o since_o we_o have_v but_o some_o few_o superficial_a idea_n of_o thing_n discover_v to_o we_o only_o by_o the_o sense_n from_o without_o or_o by_o the_o mind_n reflect_v on_o what_o it_o experiment_n in_o itself_o within_o have_v no_o knowledge_n beyond_o that_o much_o less_o of_o the_o internal_a constitution_n and_o true_a nature_n of_o thing_n be_v destitute_a of_o faculty_n to_o attain_v it_o and_o therefore_o experiment_v and_o discover_v in_o ourselves_o knowledge_n and_o the_o power_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n as_o certain_o as_o we_o experiment_n or_o discover_v in_o thing_n without_o we_o the_o cohesion_n and_o separation_n of_o solid_a part_n which_o be_v the_o extension_n and_o motion_n of_o body_n we_o have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o our_o notion_n of_o spirit_n as_o with_o our_o notion_n of_o body_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o for_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o contradiction_n that_o think_v shall_v exist_v separate_v and_o independent_a from_o solidity_n than_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n that_o solidity_n shall_v exist_v separate_a and_o independent_a from_o think_v they_o be_v both_o but_o simple_a idea_n independent_a one_o
yellowness_n great_a weight_n ductility_n fusibility_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n etc._n etc._n all_o unite_a together_o in_o a_o unknown_a substratum_fw-la all_o which_o idea_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o so_o many_o relation_n to_o other_o substance_n and_o be_v not_o real_o in_o the_o gold_n itself_o though_o they_o depend_v on_o those_o real_a and_o primary_n quality_n of_o its_o internal_a constitution_n whereby_o it_o have_v a_o fitness_n different_o to_o operate_v and_o be_v operate_v on_o by_o several_a other_o substance_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n §_o 1._o beside_o these_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o several_a single_a substance_n as_o of_o man_n horse_n gold_n violet_n apple_n etc._n etc._n the_o mind_n have_v also_o complex_fw-la collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n which_o i_o so_o call_v because_o such_o idea_n be_v make_v up_o of_o many_o particular_a substance_n consider_v together_o as_o unite_z into_o one_o idea_n and_o which_o so_o join_v be_v look_v on_o as_o one_o v_o g._n the_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o man_n as_o make_v a_o army_n though_o consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o distinct_a substance_n be_v as_o much_o one_o idea_n as_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o great_a collective_a idea_n of_o all_o body_n whatsoever_o signify_v by_o the_o name_n world_n be_v as_o much_o one_o idea_n as_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o the_o least_o particle_n of_o matter_n in_o it_o it_o suffice_v to_o the_o unity_n of_o any_o idea_n that_o it_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o representation_n or_o picture_n though_o make_v up_o of_o never_o so_o many_o particular_n §_o 2._o these_o collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n the_o mind_n make_v by_o its_o power_n of_o composition_n and_o unite_n several_o either_o simple_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n into_o one_o as_o it_o do_v by_o the_o same_o faculty_n make_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o particular_a substance_n consist_v of_o a_o aggregate_v of_o divers_a simple_a idea_n unite_v in_o one_o substance_n and_o as_o the_o mind_n by_o put_v together_o the_o repeat_v idea_n of_o unity_n make_v the_o collective_a mode_n or_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o any_o number_n as_o a_o score_n or_o a_o gross_a etc._n etc._n so_o by_o put_v together_o several_a particular_a substance_n it_o make_v collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n as_o a_o troop_n a_o army_n a_o swarm_n a_o city_n a_o fleet_n each_o of_o which_o every_o one_o find_v that_o he_o represent_v to_o his_o own_o mind_n by_o one_o idea_n in_o one_o view_n and_o so_o under_o that_o notion_n consider_v the_o thing_n themselves_o as_o perfect_o one_o as_o one_o ship_n or_o one_o atom_n nor_o be_v it_o hard_a to_o conceive_v how_o a_o army_n of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n shall_v make_v one_o idea_n than_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v make_v one_o idea_n it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o the_o mind_n to_o unite_v into_o one_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o consider_v it_o as_o one_o as_o it_o be_v to_o unite_v into_o one_o particular_a all_o the_o distinct_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o man_n and_o consider_v they_o altogether_o as_o one_o §_o 3._o among_o such_o kind_n of_o collective_a idea_n be_v to_o be_v count_v most_o part_n of_o artificial_a thing_n at_o least_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v make_v up_o of_o distinct_a substance_n and_o in_o truth_n if_o we_o consider_v all_o these_o collective_a idea_n aright_o as_o army_n constellation_n universe_n as_o they_o be_v unite_v into_o so_o many_o single_a idea_n they_o be_v but_o the_o artificial_a draught_n of_o the_o mind_n bring_v thing_n very_o remote_a and_o independent_a one_o from_o another_o into_o one_o view_n the_o better_a to_o contemplate_v and_o discourse_n of_o they_o unite_v into_o one_o conception_n and_o signify_v by_o one_o name_n for_o there_o be_v no_o thing_n so_o remote_a nor_o so_o contrary_a which_o the_o mind_n can_v by_o this_o art_n of_o composition_n bring_v into_o one_o idea_n as_o be_v visible_a in_o that_o signify_v by_o the_o name_n universe_n chap._n xxv_o of_o relation_n §_o 1._o beside_o the_o idea_n whether_o simple_a or_o complex_fw-la that_o the_o mind_n have_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o there_o be_v other_o it_o get_v from_o their_o comparison_n one_o with_o another_o the_o understanding_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v not_o confine_v to_o that_o precise_a object_n it_o can_v carry_v any_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v beyond_o itself_o or_o at_o least_o look_v beyond_o it_o to_o see_v how_o it_o stand_v in_o conformity_n to_o any_o other_o when_o the_o mind_n so_o consider_v one_o thing_n that_o it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v bring_v it_o to_o and_o set_v it_o by_o another_o and_o carry_v its_o view_n from_o one_o to_o tother_o this_o be_v as_o the_o word_n import_v relation_n and_o respect_n and_o the_o denomination_n give_v to_o positive_a thing_n intimate_v that_o respect_n and_o serve_v as_o mark_n to_o lead_v the_o thought_n beyond_o the_o subject_n itself_o denominate_v to_o something_o distinct_a from_o it_o be_v what_o we_o call_v relative_n and_o the_o thing_n so_o bring_v together_o relatedâ—_n â—_z thus_o when_o the_o mind_n consider_v cajus_n as_o such_o a_o positive_a be_v it_o take_v nothing_o into_o that_o idea_n but_o what_o real_o exist_v in_o cajus_n v_o g._n when_o i_o consider_v he_o as_o a_o man_n i_o have_v nothing_o in_o my_o mind_n but_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o species_n man_n so_o likewise_o when_o i_o sayâ—_n cajus_n be_v a_o white_a man_n i_o have_v nothing_o but_o the_o bare_a consideration_n of_o man_n who_o have_v that_o white_a colour_n but_o when_o i_o give_v cajus_n the_o name_n husband_n i_o intimate_v some_o other_o person_n and_o when_o i_o give_v he_o the_o name_n white_a i_o intimate_v some_o other_o thing_n in_o both_o case_n my_o thought_n be_v lead_v to_o something_o beyond_o cajus_n and_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n bring_v into_o consideration_n and_o since_o any_o idea_n whether_o simple_a or_o complex_fw-la may_v be_v the_o occasion_n why_o the_o mind_n thus_o bring_v two_o thing_n together_o and_o as_o it_o be_v take_v a_o view_n of_o they_o at_o once_o though_o still_o consider_v as_o distinct_a therefore_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n may_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o relation_n as_o in_o the_o abovementioned_a instance_n the_o contract_n and_o ceremony_n of_o marriage_n with_o sempronia_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o denomination_n or_o relation_n of_o husband_n and_o the_o colour_n white_a the_o occasion_n why_o he_o be_v say_v white_a than_o freestone_n §_o 2._o these_o and_o the_o like_a relation_n express_v by_o relative_a term_n that_o have_v other_o answer_v they_o with_o a_o reciprocal_a intimation_n as_o father_n and_o sonâ—_n bigger_n and_o less_o cause_n and_o effect_v be_v very_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o and_o every_o body_n at_o first_o sight_n perceive_v the_o relation_n for_o father_n and_o sonâ—_n husband_n and_o wife_n and_o such_o other_o correlative_a term_n seem_v so_o near_o to_o belong_v one_o to_o another_o and_o through_o custom_n do_v so_o ready_o chime_v and_o answer_v one_o another_o in_o people_n memory_n that_o upon_o the_o name_n of_o either_o of_o they_o the_o thought_n be_v present_o carry_v beyond_o the_o thing_n so_o name_v and_o no_o body_n overlook_v or_o doubt_n of_o a_o relation_n where_o it_o be_v so_o plain_o intimate_v but_o where_o language_n have_v fail_v to_o give_v correlative_a name_n there_o the_o relation_n be_v not_o always_o so_o easy_o take_v notice_n of_o concubine_n be_v no_o doubt_n a_o relative_a name_n as_o well_o as_o wife_n but_o in_o language_n where_o this_o and_o the_o like_a word_n have_v not_o a_o correlative_a term_n there_o people_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o take_v they_o to_o be_v so_o as_o want_v that_o evident_a mark_n of_o relation_n which_o be_v between_o correlative_n which_o seem_v to_o explain_v one_o another_o and_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o exist_v but_o together_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o many_o of_o those_o name_n which_o due_o consider_v do_v include_v evident_a relation_n have_v be_v call_v external_n denomination_n but_o all_o name_n that_o be_v more_o than_o empty_a sound_n must_v signify_v some_o idea_n which_o be_v either_o in_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o the_o name_n be_v apply_v and_o than_o it_o be_v positive_a and_o be_v look_v on_o as_o unite_a to_o and_o exist_v in_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o the_o denomination_n be_v givenâ—_fw-la or_o else_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o respect_n the_o mind_n find_v in_o it_o to_o something_o distinct_a from_o it_o with_o which_o it_o consider_v it_o and_o than_o it_o include_v a_o relation_n §_o 3._o another_o sort_n of_o relative_a term_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o look_v
to_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o of_o they_o be_v leave_v out_o and_o so_o the_o distinction_n which_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o those_o different_a name_n be_v quite_o lose_v §_o 7._o the_o default_n which_o usual_o occasion_v this_o confusion_n i_o think_v be_v chief_o these_o follow_v first_o when_o any_o complex_fw-la idea_n for_o it_o be_v complex_fw-la idea_n that_o be_v most_o liable_a to_o confusion_n be_v make_v up_o of_o 100_o small_a a_o number_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o such_o only_a as_o be_v common_a to_o other_o thing_n whereby_o the_o difference_n that_o make_v it_o deserve_v a_o different_a name_n be_v leave_v out_o thus_o he_o that_o have_v a_o idea_n make_v up_o of_o bare_o the_o simple_a one_o of_o a_o beast_n with_o spot_n have_v but_o a_o confuse_a idea_n of_o a_o leopard_n it_o not_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o distinguish_v from_o a_o lynx_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o beast_n that_o be_v spot_v so_o that_o such_o a_o idea_n though_o it_o have_v the_o peculiar_a name_n leopard_n be_v not_o distinguishable_a from_o those_o design_v by_o the_o name_n lynx_n or_o panther_n and_o may_v as_o well_o come_v under_o the_o name_n lynx_n as_o leopard_n how_o much_o the_o custom_n of_o define_v of_o word_n by_o general_a term_n contribute_v to_o make_v the_o idea_n we_o will_v express_v by_o they_o confused_z and_o undetermined_a i_o leave_v other_o to_o consider_v this_o be_v evident_a that_o confuse_a idea_n be_v such_o as_o render_v the_o use_n of_o word_n uncertain_a and_o take_v away_o the_o benefit_n of_o distinct_a name_n when_o the_o idea_n for_o which_o we_o use_v different_a term_n have_v not_o a_o difference_n answerable_a to_o their_o distinct_a name_n and_o so_o can_v be_v distinguish_v by_o they_o there_o it_o be_v that_o they_o be_v true_o confuse_v §._o 8_o second_o another_o default_n which_o make_v our_o idea_n confuse_v be_v when_o though_o the_o particular_n that_o make_v up_o any_o idea_n be_v 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the_o idea_n be_v and_o the_o great_a and_o more_o determinate_a the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o they_o be_v whereof_o it_o be_v make_v up_o for_o the_o more_o it_o have_v of_o these_o the_o more_o have_v it_o still_o of_o the_o perceivable_a difference_n whereby_o it_o be_v keep_v separate_a and_o distinct_a from_o all_o idea_n belong_v to_o other_o name_n even_o those_o that_o approach_v near_a to_o it_o and_o thereby_o all_o confusion_n with_o they_o be_v avoid_v §_o 11._o confusion_n make_v it_o a_o difficulty_n to_o separate_v two_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v separate_v concern_v always_o two_o idea_n and_o those_o most_o which_o most_o approach_v one_o another_o whenever_o therefore_o we_o suspect_v any_o idea_n to_o be_v confuse_v we_o must_v examine_v what_o other_o it_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v confound_v with_o or_o which_o it_o can_v easy_o be_v separate_v from_o and_o that_o will_v always_o be_v find_v a_o idea_n belong_v to_o another_o name_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v a_o different_a thing_n from_o which_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o distinct_a be_v either_o the_o same_o with_o it_o or_o make_v a_o part_n of_o it_o or_o at_o least_o as_o proper_o call_v by_o that_o name_n as_o the_o other_o it_o be_v rank_v under_o and_o so_o keep_v not_o that_o difference_n from_o that_o other_o idea_n which_o the_o different_a name_n import_v §_o 12._o this_o i_o think_v be_v the_o confusion_n proper_a to_o idea_n which_o still_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o secret_a reference_n to_o name_n at_o least_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o confusion_n of_o idea_n this_o be_v that_o which_o most_o of_o all_o disorder_n man_n thought_n and_o discourse_n idea_n as_o rank_v under_o name_n be_v those_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n man_n reason_n
of_o within_o themselves_o and_o always_o those_o which_o they_o communicate_v about_o with_o other_o and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v suppose_v two_o different_a idea_n mark_v by_o two_o different_a name_n which_o be_v not_o as_o distinguishable_a as_o the_o sound_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o there_o never_o fail_v to_o be_v confusion_n and_o where_o any_o idea_n be_v distinct_a as_o the_o idea_n of_o those_o two_o sound_n they_o be_v mark_v by_o there_o can_v be_v between_o they_o no_o confusion_n the_o way_n to_o prevent_v it_o be_v to_o collect_v and_o unite_v into_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o precise_o as_o be_v possible_a all_o those_o ingredient_n whereby_o it_o be_v difference_v from_o other_o and_o to_o they_o so_o unite_v in_o a_o determinate_a number_n and_o order_n apply_v steady_o the_o same_o name_n but_o this_o neither_o accommodate_v man_n ease_n or_o vanity_n or_o serve_v any_o design_n but_o that_o of_o naked_a truth_n which_o be_v not_o always_o the_o 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think_v he_o can_v refine_v his_o idea_n to_o that_o degree_n without_o lose_v sight_n of_o they_o let_v he_o add_v ten_o cipher_n to_o each_o of_o those_o number_n for_o that_o will_v bring_v it_o no_o near_o the_o end_n of_o infinite_a division_n than_o the_o first_o half_a do_v i_o must_v confess_v for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v no_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o different_a bulk_n or_o extension_n of_o those_o body_n have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a one_o of_o either_o of_o they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v when_o we_o talk_v of_o division_n of_o body_n in_o infinitum_fw-la our_o idea_n of_o their_o distinct_a bulk_n or_o extension_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o foundation_n of_o division_n come_v to_o be_v confound_v and_o almost_o
man_n certain_a idea_n so_o constant_o and_o ready_o that_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o suppose_v a_o natural_a connexion_n between_o they_o but_o that_o they_o signify_v only_a man_n peculiar_a idea_n and_o that_o by_o a_o perfect_o arbitrary_a imposition_n be_v evident_a in_o that_o they_o often_o fail_v to_o excite_v in_o other_o even_o that_o use_v the_o same_o language_n the_o same_o idea_n we_o take_v they_o to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o and_o every_o man_n have_v so_o inviolable_a a_o liberty_n to_o make_v word_n stand_v for_o what_o idea_n he_o please_v that_o no_o one_o have_v the_o power_n to_o make_v other_o have_v the_o same_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n that_o he_o have_v when_o they_o use_v the_o same_o word_n that_o he_o do_v and_o therefore_o the_o great_a augustus_n himself_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o power_n which_o rule_v the_o world_n acknowledge_v he_o can_v not_o make_v a_o new_a latin_a word_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o can_v not_o arbitrary_o appoint_v what_o idea_n any_o sound_n shall_v be_v a_o sign_n of_o in_o the_o mouth_n and_o common_a language_n of_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v true_a common_a use_n by_o a_o tacit_n consent_n appropriate_v certain_a sound_n to_o certain_a idea_n in_o all_o language_n which_o so_o far_o limit_n the_o signification_n of_o that_o sound_n that_o unless_o a_o man_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o same_o idea_n he_o can_v speak_v proper_o and_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o unless_o a_o man_n word_n excite_v the_o same_o idea_n in_o the_o hearer_n which_o he_o make_v they_o stand_v for_o in_o speak_v he_o can_v speak_v intelligible_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o his_o use_n of_o any_o word_n different_a either_o from_o the_o public_a or_o that_o person_n to_o who_o he_o address_v they_o this_o be_v certain_a their_o signification_n in_o his_o use_n of_o they_o be_v limit_v to_o his_o idea_n and_o they_o can_v be_v sign_n of_o nothing_o else_o chap._n iii_o of_o general_a term_n §_o 1._o all_o thing_n that_o exist_v be_v particular_n it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v think_v reasonable_a that_o word_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v conform_v to_o thing_n shall_v be_v so_o too_o i_o mean_v in_o their_o signification_n but_o yet_o we_o find_v the_o quite_o contrary_a the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o word_n that_o make_v all_o lauguage_n be_v general_a term_n which_o have_v not_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o neglect_n or_o chance_n but_o of_o reason_n and_o necessity_n §_o 2._o first_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o every_o particular_a thing_n shall_v have_v a_o distinct_a peculiar_a name_n for_o the_o signification_n and_o use_n of_o word_n depend_v on_o that_o connection_n which_o the_o mind_n make_v between_o its_o idea_n and_o the_o sound_v it_o use_v as_o sign_n of_o they_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o application_n of_o name_n to_o thing_n that_o the_o mind_n shall_v have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o retain_v also_o the_o particular_a name_n that_o belong_v to_o every_o one_o with_o its_o peculiar_a appropriation_n to_o that_o idea_n but_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o power_n of_o (null)_o capacity_n to_o frame_v and_o retain_v distinct_a idea_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a thing_n we_o meet_v with_o every_o bird_n and_o beast_n man_n see_v every_o tree_n and_o plant_v that_o affect_v the_o sense_n can_v not_o find_v a_o place_n in_o the_o most_o capacious_a understanding_n if_o it_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o instance_n of_o a_o prodigious_a memory_n that_o some_o general_n have_v be_v able_a to_o call_v every_o soldier_n in_o their_o army_n by_o his_o proper_a name_n we_o may_v easy_o find_v a_o reason_n why_o man_n have_v never_o attempt_v to_o give_v name_n to_o each_o sheep_n in_o their_o flock_n or_o crow_n that_o fly_v over_o their_o head_n much_o less_o to_o call_v every_o leaf_n of_o plant_n or_o grain_n of_o sand_n that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n §_o 3._o second_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a it_o will_v yet_o be_v useless_a because_o it_o will_v not_o serve_v to_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o language_n man_n will_v in_o vain_a heap_n up_o name_n of_o particular_a thing_n that_o will_v not_o serve_v they_o to_o communicate_v their_o thought_n man_n learn_v name_n and_o use_v they_o in_o talk_n with_o other_o only_o that_o they_o may_v be_v understand_v which_o be_v then_o only_o do_v when_o by_o use_n or_o consent_n the_o sound_v i_o make_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n excite_v in_o another_o man_n mind_n who_o hear_v it_o the_o idea_n i_o apply_v it_o to_o in_o i_o when_o i_o speak_v it_o this_o can_v be_v do_v by_o name_n apply_v to_o particular_a thing_n whereof_o i_o alone_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n the_o name_n of_o they_o can_v not_o be_v significant_a or_o intelligible_a to_o another_o who_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o all_o those_o very_a particular_a thing_n which_o have_v fall_v under_o my_o notice_n §_o 4._o three_o but_o yet_o grant_v this_o also_o feasible_a which_o i_o think_v be_v not_o yet_o a_o distinct_a name_n for_o every_o particular_a thing_n will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o great_a use_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n which_o though_o found_v in_o particular_a thing_n enlarge_v itself_o by_o general_a view_n to_o which_o thing_n reduce_v into_o sort_n under_o general_a name_n be_v proper_o subservient_fw-fr these_o with_o the_o name_n belong_v to_o they_o come_v within_o some_o compass_n and_o do_v not_o multiply_v every_o moment_n beyond_o what_o either_o the_o mind_n can_v contain_v or_o use_v require_v and_o therefore_o in_o these_o man_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n stop_v but_o yet_o not_o so_o as_o to_o hinder_v themselves_o from_o distinguish_v particular_a thing_n by_o appropriate_v name_n where_o convenience_n demand_v it_o and_o therefore_o in_o their_o own_o species_n which_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v with_o and_o wherein_o they_o have_v often_o occasion_n to_o mention_v particular_a person_n there_o they_o make_v use_v of_o proper_a name_n and_o distinct_a individual_n have_v distinct_a denomination_n §_o 5._o beside_o person_n country_n also_o city_n river_n mountain_n and_o other_o the_o like_a distinction_n of_o place_n have_v usual_o find_v peculiar_a name_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o be_v such_o as_o man_n have_v often_o a_o occasion_n to_o mark_v particular_o and_o as_o it_o be_v set_v before_o other_o in_o their_o discourse_n with_o they_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o mention_v particular_a horse_n as_o often_o as_o we_o have_v to_o mention_v particular_a man_n we_o shall_v have_v proper_a name_n for_o the_o one_o as_o familiar_a as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o bucephalus_n will_v be_v a_o word_n as_o much_o in_o use_n as_o alexander_n and_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o among_o jockey_n horse_n have_v their_o proper_a name_n to_o be_v know_v and_o distinguish_v by_o as_o common_o as_o their_o servant_n because_o among_o they_o there_o be_v often_o occasion_n to_o mention_v this_o or_o that_o particular_a horse_n when_o he_o be_v out_o of_o sight_n §_o 6._o the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v how_o general_a word_n come_v to_o be_v make_v for_o since_o all_o thing_n that_o exist_v be_v only_a particular_n how_o come_v we_o by_o general_a term_n or_o where_o find_v we_o those_o general_a nature_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v for_o word_n become_v general_a by_o be_v make_v the_o sign_n of_o general_a idea_n and_o idea_n become_v general_a by_o separate_v from_o they_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n or_o place_n or_o any_o other_o idea_n that_o may_v determine_v they_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a existence_n by_o this_o way_n of_o abstraction_n they_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o represent_v more_o individual_n than_o one_o each_o of_o which_o have_v in_o it_o a_o conformity_n to_o that_o abstract_n idea_n be_v as_o we_o call_v it_o of_o that_o sort_n §_o 7._o but_o to_o deduce_v this_o a_o little_a more_o distinct_o it_o will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v amiss_o to_o trace_v our_o notion_n and_o name_n from_o their_o beginning_n and_o observe_v by_o what_o degree_n we_o proceed_v and_o by_o what_o step_v we_o enlarge_v our_o idea_n from_o our_o first_o infancy_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o person_n child_n converse_v with_o to_o instance_n in_o they_o alone_o be_v like_o the_o person_n themselves_o only_o particular_a the_o idea_n of_o the_o nurse_n and_o the_o mother_n be_v well_o frame_v in_o their_o mind_n and_o like_o picture_n of_o they_o there_o represent_v only_o those_o individual_n the_o name_n they_o first_o give_v to_o they_o be_v confine_v to_o these_o individual_n and_o the_o name_n of_o nurse_n and_o mamma_n the_o
hand_n lay_v upon_o it_o be_v tell_v that_o now_o he_o touch_v the_o head_n and_o then_o the_o forehead_n eye_n nose_n etc._n etc._n as_o his_o hand_n move_v over_o the_o part_n of_o the_o picture_n on_o the_o cloth_n without_o find_v any_o the_o least_o distinction_n whereupon_o he_o cry_v out_o that_o certain_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o very_a admirable_a and_o divine_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n which_o can_v represent_v to_o they_o all_o those_o part_n where_o he_o can_v neither_o feel_v nor_o perceive_v any_o thing_n §_o 13._o he_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o word_n rainbow_n to_o one_o who_o know_v all_o those_o colour_n but_o yet_o have_v never_o see_v that_o phaenomenon_n will_v by_o enumerate_v the_o figure_n largeness_n position_n and_o order_n of_o the_o colour_n so_o well_o define_v that_o word_n that_o it_o may_v be_v perfect_o understand_v but_o yet_o that_o definition_n how_o exact_a and_o perfect_a soever_o will_v never_o make_v a_o blind_a man_n understand_v it_o because_o several_a of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v that_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v such_o as_o he_o never_o receive_v by_o sensation_n and_o experience_n no_o word_n be_v able_a to_o excite_v they_o in_o his_o mind_n §_o 14._o simple_n idea_n as_o have_v be_v show_v can_v only_o be_v get_v by_o experience_n from_o those_o object_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o those_o perception_n when_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o have_v our_o mind_n store_v with_o they_o and_o know_v the_o name_n for_o they_o than_o we_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o define_v and_o by_o definition_n to_o understand_v the_o name_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o be_v make_v up_o of_o they_o but_o when_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o a_o simple_a idea_n that_o a_o man_n have_v never_o yet_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n it_o be_v impossible_a by_o any_o word_n to_o make_v know_v its_o meaning_n to_o he_o when_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o a_o idea_n a_o man_n be_v acquaint_v with_o but_o be_v ignorant_a that_o that_o term_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o it_o there_o another_o name_n of_o the_o the_o same_o idea_n which_o he_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o may_v make_v he_o understand_v its_o meaning_n but_o in_o no_o case_n whatsoever_o be_v any_o name_n of_o any_o simple_a idea_n capable_a of_o a_o definition_n four_o but_o though_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v not_o the_o help_n of_o definition_n to_o determine_v their_o signification_n yet_o that_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o they_o be_v general_o less_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a than_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n and_o substance_n because_o they_o stand_v only_o for_o one_o simple_a perception_n man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n easy_o and_o perfect_o agree_v in_o their_o signification_n and_o there_o be_v little_a room_n for_o mistake_n and_o wrangle_n about_o their_o meaning_n he_o that_o know_v once_o that_o whiteness_n be_v the_o name_n of_o that_o colour_n he_o have_v observe_v in_o snow_n or_o milk_n will_v not_o be_v apt_a to_o misapply_v that_o word_n as_o long_o as_o he_o retain_v that_o idea_n which_o when_o he_o have_v quite_o lose_v he_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o it_o but_o perceive_v he_o understand_v it_o not_o there_o be_v neither_o a_o multiplicity_n of_o simple_a idea_n to_o be_v put_v together_o which_o make_v the_o doubtfulness_n in_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n nor_o a_o suppose_a but_o a_o unknown_a real_a essence_n with_o property_n depend_v thereon_o the_o precise_a number_n whereof_o be_v also_o unknown_a which_o make_v the_o difficulty_n in_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o simple_a idea_n the_o whole_a signification_n of_o the_o name_n be_v know_v at_o once_o and_o consist_v not_o of_o part_n whereof_o more_z or_o less_o be_v put_v in_o the_o idea_n may_v be_v vary_v and_o so_o the_o signification_n of_o its_o name_n be_v obscure_a or_o uncertain_a §_o 16._o five_o this_o far_a may_v be_v observe_v concern_v simple_a idea_n and_o their_o name_n that_o they_o have_v but_o few_o ascent_n in_o linea_fw-la praedicamentali_fw-la as_o they_o call_v it_o from_o the_o low_a species_n to_o the_o summum_fw-la genus_fw-la the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o low_a species_n be_v but_o one_o simple_a idea_n nothing_o can_v be_v leave_v out_o of_o it_o that_o so_o the_o difference_n be_v take_v away_o it_o may_v agree_v with_o some_o other_o thing_n in_o one_o common_a to_o they_o both_o which_o have_v one_o name_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o other_o two_o v_o g._n there_o be_v nothing_o can_v be_v leâ—t_v out_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a and_o red_a to_o make_v they_o agree_v in_o one_o common_a appearance_n and_o so_o have_v one_o general_a name_n as_o rationality_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o man_n make_v it_o agree_v with_o brute_n in_o the_o more_o general_a idea_n and_o name_n of_o animal_n and_o therefore_o when_o to_o avoid_v unpleasant_a enumeration_n man_n will_v comprehend_v both_o white_a and_o red_a and_o several_a other_o such_o simple_a idea_n under_o one_o general_a name_n they_o have_v be_v fain_o to_o do_v it_o by_o a_o word_n which_o denote_v only_o the_o way_n they_o get_v into_o the_o mind_n for_o when_o white_a red_a and_o yellow_a be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o name_n colour_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o but_o such_o idea_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n only_o by_o the_o sight_n and_o have_v entrance_n only_o through_o the_o eye_n and_o when_o they_o will_v frame_v yet_o a_o more_o general_a term_n to_o comprehend_v both_o colour_n and_o sound_n and_o the_o like_a simple_a idea_n they_o do_v it_o by_o a_o word_n that_o signify_v all_o such_o as_o come_v into_o the_o mind_n only_o by_o one_o sense_n and_o so_o the_o general_a term_n quality_n in_o its_o ordinary_a acception_n comprehend_v colour_n sound_n taste_n smell_v and_o tangible_a quality_n with_o distinction_n from_o extension_n number_n motion_n pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o make_v impression_n on_o the_o mind_n and_o introduce_v their_o idea_n by_o more_o sense_n than_o one_o §_o 17._o six_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n substance_n and_o mix_v modes_n have_v also_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n stand_v for_o idea_n perfect_o arbitrary_a those_o of_o substance_n be_v not_o perfect_o so_o but_o refer_v to_o a_o pattern_n though_o with_o some_o latitude_n and_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n be_v perfect_o take_v from_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n and_o be_v not_o arbitrary_a at_o all_o which_o what_o difference_n it_o make_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o their_o name_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n the_o name_n of_o simple_a modes_n differ_v little_a from_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o relation_n §_o 1._o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v general_a they_o stand_v as_o have_v be_v show_v for_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o thing_n each_o of_o which_o have_v its_o peculiar_a essence_n the_o essence_n of_o these_o species_n also_o as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o abstract_n idea_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o which_o the_o name_n be_v annex_v thus_o far_o the_o name_n and_o essence_n of_o mix_a modes_n have_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o other_o idea_n but_o if_o we_o take_v a_o little_a near_o survey_v of_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v something_o peculiar_a which_o perhaps_o may_v deserve_v our_o attention_n §_o 2._o the_o first_o particularity_n i_o shall_v observe_v in_o they_o be_v that_o the_o abstract_n idea_n or_o if_o you_o please_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o several_a species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v make_v by_o the_o understanding_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n in_o which_o sort_n the_o mind_n have_v no_o power_n to_o make_v any_o one_o but_o only_o receive_v such_o as_o be_v present_v to_o it_o by_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n operate_n upon_o it_o §_o 3._o in_o the_o next_o place_n these_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v not_o only_o make_v by_o the_o mind_n but_o make_v very_o arbitrary_o make_v without_o pattern_n or_o reference_n to_o any_o real_a existence_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o substance_n which_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o supposition_n of_o some_o real_a be_v from_o which_o they_o be_v take_v and_o to_o which_o they_o be_v conformable_a but_o in_o its_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n the_o mind_n take_v a_o liberty_n not_o to_o follow_v the_o existence_n of_o thing_n exact_o it_o unite_v and_o retain_v certain_a collection_n as_o so_o many_o distinct_a specific_a idea_n whilst_o other_o that_o as_o often_o occur_v in_o
nature_n and_o be_v as_o plain_o suggest_v by_o outward_a thing_n pass_v neglect_v without_o particular_a name_n or_o specification_n nor_o do_v the_o mind_n in_o these_o of_o mix_a modes_n as_o in_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n examine_v they_o by_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n or_o verify_v they_o by_o pattern_n contain_v such_o peculiar_a composition_n in_o nature_n to_o know_v whether_o his_o idea_n of_o adultery_n or_o incest_n be_v right_a will_v a_o man_n seek_v it_o any_o where_o among_o thing_n exist_v or_o be_v it_o true_a because_o any_o one_o have_v be_v witness_n to_o such_o a_o action_n no_o but_o it_o suffice_v here_o that_o man_n have_v put_v together_o such_o a_o collection_n into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o make_v the_o archetype_n and_o specific_a idea_n whether_o ever_o any_o such_o action_n be_v commit_v in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la or_o no._n §_o 4._o to_o understand_v this_o aright_o we_o must_v consider_v wherein_o this_o make_n of_o these_o complex_fw-la ideas_n consist_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o make_v any_o new_a idea_n but_o put_v together_o those_o which_o the_o mind_n have_v before_o wherein_o the_o mind_n do_v these_o three_o thing_n first_o it_o choose_v a_o certain_a number_n second_o it_o give_v they_o connexion_n and_o make_v they_o into_o one_o idea_n three_o it_o tie_v they_o together_o by_o a_o name_n if_o we_o examine_v how_o the_o mind_n proceed_v in_o these_o and_o what_o liberty_n it_o take_v in_o they_o we_o shall_v easy_o observe_v how_o these_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o species_n themselves_o be_v of_o man_n make_n §_o 5._o no_o body_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o these_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v make_v by_o a_o voluntary_a collection_n of_o idea_n put_v together_o in_o the_o mind_n independent_a from_o any_o original_a pattern_n in_o nature_n who_o will_v but_o reflect_v that_o this_o sort_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n may_v be_v make_v abstract_v and_o have_v name_n give_v they_o and_o so_o a_o species_n be_v constitute_v before_o any_o one_o individual_a of_o that_o species_n ever_o exi_v who_o can_v doubt_v but_o the_o idea_n of_o sacrilege_n or_o adultery_n may_v be_v frame_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n and_o have_v name_n give_v they_o and_o so_o these_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v constitute_v before_o either_o of_o they_o be_v ever_o commit_v and_o may_v be_v as_o well_o discourse_v of_o and_o reason_v about_o and_o as_o certain_a truth_n discover_v of_o they_o whilst_o yet_o they_o have_v no_o be_v but_o in_o the_o understanding_n as_o well_o as_o now_o that_o they_o have_v but_o too_o frequent_o a_o real_a existence_n whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a how_o much_o the_o sort_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v the_o creature_n of_o the_o understanding_n where_o they_o have_v a_o be_v as_o subservient_fw-fr to_o all_o the_o end_n of_o real_a truth_n and_o knowledge_n as_o when_o they_o real_o exist_v and_o we_o can_v doubt_v but_o lawmaker_n have_v often_o make_v law_n about_o species_n of_o action_n which_o be_v only_o the_o creature_n of_o their_o own_o understanding_n being_n that_o have_v no_o other_o existence_n but_o in_o their_o own_o mind_n and_o i_o think_v no_o body_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o resurrection_n be_v a_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n in_o the_o mind_n before_o it_o real_o exi_v §_o 6._o to_o see_v how_o arbitrary_o these_o essence_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n we_o need_v but_o take_v a_o view_n of_o almost_o any_o of_o they_o a_o little_a look_v into_o they_o will_v satisfy_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o combine_v several_a scatter_v independent_a idea_n into_o one_o complex_fw-la one_o and_o by_o the_o common_a name_n it_o give_v they_o make_v they_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o certain_a species_n without_o regulate_v itself_o by_o any_o connexion_n they_o have_v in_o nature_n for_o what_o great_a connexion_n in_o nature_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n than_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o sheep_n with_o kill_v that_o this_o be_v make_v a_o particular_a species_n of_o action_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n murder_n and_o the_o other_o not_o or_o what_o union_n be_v there_o in_o nature_n between_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o father_n with_o kill_v than_o that_o of_o a_o son_n or_o neighbour_n that_o these_o be_v combine_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n and_o thereby_o make_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o distinct_a species_n parricide_n whilst_o the_o other_o make_v no_o distinct_a species_n at_o all_o but_o though_o they_o have_v make_v kill_v a_o man_n father_n or_o mother_n a_o distinct_a species_n from_o kill_v his_o son_n or_o daughter_n yet_o in_o some_o other_o case_n son_n and_o daughter_n be_v take_v in_o too_o as_o well_o as_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o they_o be_v all_o equal_o comprehend_v in_o the_o same_o species_n as_o in_o that_o of_o incest_n thus_o the_o mind_n in_o mix_a modes_n arbitrary_o unite_v into_o complex_fw-la idea_n such_o as_o it_o find_v convenient_a whilst_o other_o that_o have_v altogether_o as_o much_o union_n in_o nature_n be_v leave_v loose_a and_o never_o combine_v into_o one_o idea_n because_o they_o have_v no_o need_n of_o one_o name_n it_o be_v evident_a then_o that_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o free_a choice_n give_v a_o connexion_n to_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o idea_n which_o in_o nature_n have_v no_o more_o union_n with_o one_o another_o than_o other_o that_o it_o leave_v out_o why_o else_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o weapon_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wound_n be_v make_v with_o take_v notice_n of_o to_o make_v the_o distinct_a species_n call_v stab_v and_o the_o figure_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o weapon_n leave_v out_o i_o do_v not_o say_v this_o be_v do_v without_o reason_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o by_o and_o by_o but_o this_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o mind_n pursue_v its_o own_o end_n and_o that_o therefore_o these_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o frame_n these_o idea_n the_o mind_n search_v not_o its_o pattern_n in_o nature_n nor_o refer_v the_o idea_n it_o make_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n but_o put_v such_o together_o as_o may_v best_o serve_v its_o own_o purpose_n without_o tie_v itself_o to_o a_o precise_a intimation_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o real_o exist_v §_o 7._o but_o though_o these_o complex_fw-la idea_n or_o essence_n of_o mix_a modes_n depend_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v make_v by_o it_o with_o great_a liberty_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o make_v at_o random_n and_o jumble_v together_o without_o any_o reason_n at_o all_o though_o these_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v not_o always_o copy_v from_o nature_n yet_o they_o be_v always_o suit_v to_o the_o end_n for_o which_o abstract_a idea_n be_v make_v and_o though_o they_o be_v combination_n make_v of_o idea_n that_o be_v loose_a enough_o and_o have_v as_o little_a union_n in_o themselves_o as_o several_a other_o to_o which_o the_o mind_n give_v a_o connexion_n that_o combine_v they_o into_o one_o idea_n yet_o they_o be_v always_o make_v for_o the_o convenience_n of_o communication_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o language_n the_o use_n of_o language_n be_v by_o short_a sound_n to_o signify_v with_o ease_n and_o dispatch_v general_a conception_n wherein_o not_o only_a abundance_n of_o particular_n may_v be_v contain_v but_o also_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o independent_a idea_n collect_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la one_o in_o the_o make_n therefore_o of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n man_n have_v have_v regard_n only_o to_o such_o combination_n as_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v one_o to_o another_o those_o they_o have_v combine_v into_o distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n and_o give_v name_n to_o whilst_o other_o that_o in_o nature_n have_v as_o near_o a_o union_n be_v leave_v loose_a and_o unregarded_a for_o to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o (null)_o action_n themselves_o if_o they_o will_v make_v distinct_a abstract_n idea_n of_o all_o the_o variety_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o they_o the_o number_n must_v be_v infinite_a and_o the_o memory_n confound_v with_o the_o plenty_n as_o well_o as_o overcharge_v to_o little_a purpose_n it_o suffice_v that_o man_n make_v and_o name_n so_o many_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o these_o mix_a modes_n as_o they_o find_v they_o have_v occasion_n to_o have_v name_n for_o in_o the_o ordinary_a occurrence_n of_o their_o affair_n if_o they_o join_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o kill_v the_o idea_n of_o father_n or_o mother_n and_o so_o make_v a_o
of_o discourse_n and_o communication_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o kill_v a_o man_n with_o a_o sword_n or_o a_o hatchet_n be_v look_v on_o as_o no_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n but_o if_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n first_o enter_v the_o body_n it_o pass_v for_o a_o distinct_a species_n where_o it_o have_v a_o distinct_a name_n as_o in_o england_n in_o who_o language_n it_o be_v call_v stab_v but_o in_o another_o country_n where_o it_o have_v not_o happen_v to_o be_v specify_v under_o a_o peculiar_a name_n it_o pass_v not_o for_o a_o distinct_a species_n but_o in_o the_o species_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n though_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o make_v the_o nominal_a essence_n yet_o since_o those_o idea_n which_o be_v combine_v in_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o union_n in_o nature_n whether_o the_o mind_n join_v they_o or_o no_o therefore_o those_o be_v look_v on_o as_o distinct_a species_n without_o any_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n either_o abstract_n or_o give_v a_o name_n to_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n §_o 12._o conformable_a also_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n that_o they_o be_v the_o creature_n of_o the_o understanding_n rather_o than_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n conformable_a i_o say_v to_o this_o we_o find_v that_o their_o name_n lead_v our_o thought_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o no_o far_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o justice_n or_o gratitude_n we_o frame_v to_o ourselves_o no_o imagination_n of_o any_o thing_n exist_v which_o we_o will_v conceive_v but_o our_o thought_n terminate_v in_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o those_o virtue_n and_o look_v not_o far_o as_o they_o do_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o a_o horse_n or_o iron_n who_o specific_a idea_n we_o consider_v not_o as_o bare_o in_o the_o mind_n but_o as_o in_o thing_n themselves_o which_o afford_v the_o original_a pattern_n of_o those_o idea_n but_o in_o mix_a modes_n at_o least_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o which_o be_v moral_a being_n we_o consider_v the_o original_a pattern_n as_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o to_o those_o we_o refer_v for_o the_o distinguish_n of_o particular_a being_n under_o name_n and_o hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v that_o these_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v by_o a_o more_o particular_a name_n call_v notion_n as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a right_n appertain_v to_o the_o understanding_n §_o 13._o this_o also_o show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v common_o more_o compound_v and_o decompound_v than_o those_o of_o natural_a substance_n because_o they_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n pursue_v only_o its_o own_o end_n and_o the_o conveniency_n of_o express_v in_o short_a those_o idea_n it_o will_v make_v know_v to_o another_o do_v with_o great_a liberty_n unite_v often_o into_o one_o abstract_a idea_n thing_n that_o in_o their_o nature_n have_v no_o coherence_n and_o so_o under_o one_o term_n bundle_n together_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o compound_a and_o decompound_v idea_n thus_o the_o name_n of_o procession_n what_o a_o great_a mixture_n of_o independent_a idea_n of_o person_n habit_n taper_n order_n motion_n sound_n do_v it_o contain_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la one_o which_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v arbitrary_o put_v together_o to_o express_v by_o that_o one_o name_n whereas_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n be_v usual_o make_v up_o of_o only_a a_o small_a number_n of_o simple_a one_o and_o in_o the_o species_n of_o animal_n those_o two_o viz._n shape_n and_o voice_n common_o make_v the_o whole_a nominal_a essence_n §_o 14._o another_o thing_n we_o may_v observe_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n always_o signify_v when_o they_o have_v any_o distinct_a signification_n the_o real_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n for_o these_o abstract_n idea_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o not_o refer_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o supposition_n of_o any_o thing_n more_o signify_v by_o that_o name_n but_o bare_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o mind_n itself_o have_v form_v which_o be_v all_o it_o will_v have_v express_v by_o it_o and_o be_v that_o on_o which_o all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o species_n depend_v and_o from_o which_o alone_o they_o all_o flow_v and_o so_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o which_o of_o what_o concernment_n it_o be_v to_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o general_a truth_n we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o §_o 15._o this_o also_o may_v show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v get_v before_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v perfect_o know_v because_o there_o be_v no_o species_n of_o these_o ordinary_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o what_o have_v name_n and_o those_o species_n or_o rather_o their_o essence_n be_v abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n make_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v convenient_a if_o not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o name_n before_o one_o endeavour_n to_o frame_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n unless_o a_o man_n will_v fill_v his_o head_n with_o a_o company_n of_o abstract_n complex_fw-la idea_n which_o other_o have_v no_o name_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o but_o to_o lay_v by_o and_o forget_v again_o i_o confess_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o language_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o idea_n before_o one_o give_v it_o the_o name_n and_o so_o it_o be_v still_o where_o make_v a_o new_a complex_fw-la idea_n one_o also_o by_o give_v it_o a_o new_a name_n make_v a_o new_a word_n but_o this_o concern_v not_o language_n make_v which_o have_v general_o pretty_a well_o provide_v for_o idea_n which_o man_n have_v frequent_a occasion_n to_o have_v and_o communicate_v and_o in_o such_o i_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o ordinary_a method_n that_o child_n learn_v the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n before_o they_o have_v their_o idea_n what_o one_o of_o a_o thousand_o ever_o frame_v the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o glory_n or_o ambition_n before_o he_o have_v hear_v the_o name_n of_o they_o in_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v otherwise_o which_o be_v such_o idea_n as_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n and_o union_n in_o nature_n the_o idea_n or_o name_n be_v get_v one_o before_o the_o other_o as_o it_o happen_v what_o have_v be_v say_v here_o of_o mix_a modes_n be_v with_o very_o little_a difference_n applicable_a also_o to_o relation_n which_o since_o every_o man_n himself_o may_v observe_v i_o may_v spare_v myself_o the_o pain_n to_o enlarge_v on_o especial_o since_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v word_n in_o this_o three_o book_n will_v possible_o be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v much_o more_o than_o what_o so_o slight_a a_o subject_a require_v i_o allow_v it_o may_v be_v bring_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o stay_v my_o reader_n on_o a_o argument_n that_o appear_v to_o i_o new_a and_o a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v one_o i_o think_v not_o of_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o write_v that_o by_o search_v it_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o turn_v it_o on_o every_o side_n some_o part_n or_o other_o may_v meet_v with_o every_o one_o thought_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o most_o averse_a or_o negligent_a to_o reflect_v on_o a_o general_a miscarriage_n which_o though_o of_o great_a consequence_n be_v little_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o a_o pother_n be_v make_v about_o essence_n and_o how_o much_o all_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n discourse_n and_o conversation_n be_v pester_v and_o disorder_v by_o the_o careless_a and_o confuse_a use_n and_o application_n of_o word_n it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v think_v worth_n while_o thorough_o to_o lay_v it_o open_a and_o i_o shall_v be_v pardon_v if_o i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o a_o argument_n which_o i_o think_v therefore_o needs_o to_o be_v inculcate_v because_o the_o fault_n man_n be_v usual_o guilty_a of_o in_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o only_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o true_a knowledge_n but_o be_v so_o well_o think_v of_o as_o to_o pass_v for_o it_o man_n will_v often_o see_v what_o a_o small_a pittance_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n or_o possible_o none_o at_o all_o be_v mix_v with_o those_o huff_a opinion_n they_o be_v swell_v with_o if_o they_o will_v but_o look_v beyond_o fashionable_a sound_n and_o observe_v what_o idea_n be_v or_o be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o those_o word_n with_o which_o they_o be_v so_o arm_v at_o all_o point_n and_o with_o which_o they_o so_o confident_o lay_v about_o they_o i_o shall_v imagine_v i_o
to_o the_o internal_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v take_v from_o so_o that_o we_o may_v true_o say_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o sort_v of_o thing_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o men._n §_o 37._o one_o thing_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o will_v seem_v very_o strange_a in_o this_o doctrine_n which_o be_v that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o each_o abstract_n idea_n with_o a_o name_n to_o it_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n but_o who_o can_v help_v it_o if_o truth_n will_v have_v it_o so_o for_o so_o it_o must_v remain_v till_o some_o body_n can_v show_v we_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n limit_v and_o distinguish_v by_o something_o else_o and_o let_v we_o see_v that_o general_a term_n signify_v not_o our_o abstract_n idea_n but_o something_o different_a from_o they_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v why_o a_o shock_n and_o a_o hound_n be_v not_o as_o distinct_a species_n as_o a_o spaniel_n and_o a_o elephant_n we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o the_o different_a essence_n of_o a_o elephant_n and_o a_o spaniel_n than_o we_o have_v of_o the_o different_a essence_n of_o a_o shock_n and_o a_o hound_n all_o the_o essential_a difference_n whereby_o we_o know_v and_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o consist_v only_o in_o the_o different_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v give_v those_o different_a name_n §_o 38._o how_o much_o the_o make_n of_o species_n and_o genera_n be_v in_o order_n to_o general_a name_n and_o how_o much_o general_a name_n be_v necessary_a if_o not_o to_o the_o be_v yet_o at_o least_o to_o the_o complete_n of_o a_o species_n and_o make_v it_o pass_v for_o such_o will_v appear_v beside_o what_o have_v be_v say_v above_o concern_v ice_n and_o water_n in_o a_o very_a familiar_a example_n a_o silent_a and_o a_o strike_a watch_n be_v but_o one_o species_n to_o those_o who_o have_v but_o one_o name_n for_o they_o but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o name_n watch_n for_o one_o and_o clock_n for_o the_o other_o and_o distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o those_o name_n belong_v to_o he_o they_o be_v different_a species_n but_o it_o will_v be_v say_v the_o inward_a contrivance_n and_o constitution_n be_v different_a between_o these_o two_o which_o the_o watchmaker_n have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v but_o one_o species_n to_o he_o when_o he_o have_v but_o one_o name_n for_o they_o for_o what_o be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o inward_a contrivance_n to_o make_v a_o new_a species_n there_o be_v some_o watch_n that_o be_v make_v with_o four_o wheel_n other_o with_o five_o be_v this_o a_o specific_a difference_n to_o the_o workman_n some_o have_v string_n and_o physy_n and_o other_o none_o some_o have_v the_o balance_n loose_a and_o other_o regulate_v by_o a_o spiral_n spring_n and_o other_o by_o hog_n bristle_n be_v any_o or_o all_o of_o these_o enough_o to_o make_v a_o specific_a difference_n to_o the_o workman_n that_o know_v each_o of_o these_o and_o several_a other_o different_a contrivance_n in_o the_o internal_a constitution_n of_o watch_n it_o be_v certain_a each_o of_o these_o have_v a_o real_a difference_n from_o the_o rest_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o essential_a a_o specific_a difference_n or_o no_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o the_o name_n watch_n be_v give_v as_o long_o as_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o idea_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o name_n which_o have_v no_o species_n under_o it_o they_o be_v not_o essential_o nor_o specifical_o different_a but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v make_v minute_a division_n from_o difference_n that_o he_o know_v in_o the_o internal_a frame_n of_o watch_n and_o to_o such_o precise_a complex_fw-la idea_n give_v name_n that_o shall_v prevail_v they_o will_v then_o be_v new_a species_n to_o they_o who_o have_v those_o idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o and_o can_v by_o those_o difference_n distinguish_v watch_n into_o these_o several_a sort_n and_o then_o watch_n will_v be_v a_o generical_a name_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v be_v no_o distinct_a species_n to_o man_n ignorant_a of_o clockwork_n and_o the_o inward_a contrivance_n of_o watch_n who_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n but_o the_o outward_a shape_n and_o bulk_n with_o the_o mark_v of_o the_o hour_n by_o the_o hand_n for_o to_o they_o all_o those_o other_o name_n will_v be_v but_o synonymous_a term_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o nor_o no_o other_o thing_n but_o a_o watch._n just_o thus_o i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o natural_a thing_n no_o body_n will_v doubt_v that_o the_o wheel_n or_o spring_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v within_o be_v different_a in_o a_o rational_a man_n and_o a_o changeling_n no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o frame_n between_o a_o drill_n and_o a_o changeling_n but_o whether_o one_o or_o both_o these_o difference_n be_v essential_a or_o specifical_a be_v only_o to_o be_v know_v to_o we_o by_o their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o the_o name_n man_n stand_v for_o for_o by_o that_o alone_o can_v it_o be_v determine_v whether_o one_o or_o both_o or_o neither_o of_o those_o be_v a_o man_n or_o no._n §_o 39_o from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v we_o may_v see_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o species_n of_o artificial_a thing_n there_o be_v general_o less_o confusion_n and_o uncertainty_n than_o in_o natural_a because_o a_o artificial_a thing_n be_v a_o production_n of_o man_n which_o the_o artificer_n design_v and_o therefore_o well_o know_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o name_n of_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v for_o no_o other_o idea_n nor_o to_o import_v any_o other_o essence_n than_o what_o be_v certain_o to_o be_v know_v and_o easy_a enough_o to_o be_v apprehend_v for_o the_o idea_n or_o essence_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o artificial_a thing_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o nothing_o but_o the_o determinate_a figure_n of_o sensible_a part_n and_o sometime_o motion_n depend_v thereon_o which_o the_o artificer_n fashion_n in_o matter_n such_o as_o he_o find_v for_o his_o turn_n it_o be_v not_o beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o faculty_n to_o attain_v a_o certain_a idea_n thereof_o and_o so_o settle_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n whereby_o the_o species_n of_o artificial_a thing_n be_v distinguish_v with_o less_o doubt_n obscurity_n and_o equivocation_n than_o we_o can_v in_o thing_n natural_a who_o difference_n and_o operation_n depend_v upon_o contrivance_n beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o discovery_n §_o 40._o i_o must_v be_v excuse_v here_o if_o i_o think_v artificial_a thing_n be_v of_o distinct_a species_n as_o well_o as_o natural_a since_o i_o find_v they_o be_v as_o plain_a and_o orderly_o rank_v into_o sort_n and_o have_v distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o we_o give_v general_a name_n as_o much_o distinct_a one_o from_o another_o as_o natural_a substance_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o think_v a_o watch_n and_o pistol_z as_o distinct_a species_n one_o from_o another_o as_o a_o horse_n and_o a_o dog_n they_o be_v express_v in_o our_o mind_n by_o distinct_a idea_n and_o to_o other_o by_o distinct_a appellation_n §_o 41._o this_o be_v far_a to_o be_v observe_v concern_v substance_n that_o they_o alone_o of_o all_o our_o several_a sort_n of_o idea_n have_v particular_a or_o proper_a name_n whereby_o one_o only_a particular_a thing_n be_v signify_v because_o in_o simple_a idea_n modes_n and_o relation_n it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o man_n have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v often_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a when_o it_o be_v absent_a beside_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v action_n which_o perish_v in_o their_o birth_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o last_a duration_n as_o substance_n which_o be_v the_o actor_n and_o wherein_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n design_v by_o that_o name_n have_v a_o last_a union_n §_o 42._o i_o must_v beg_v pardon_n of_o my_o reader_n for_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_a upâ—_n this_o subject_a and_o perhaps_o with_o some_o obscurity_n but_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v how_o difficult_a be_v be_v to_o lead_v another_o by_o word_n into_o the_o thought_n of_o thing_n strip_v of_o those_o specifical_a difference_n we_o give_v they_o which_o thing_n if_o i_o name_v not_o i_o say_v nothing_o and_o if_o i_o do_v name_n they_o i_o thereby_o rank_v they_o into_o some_o sort_n or_o other_o and_o suggest_v to_o the_o mind_n the_o usual_a abstract_n idea_n of_o that_o species_n and_o so_o cross_v my_o purpose_n for_o to_o talk_v of_o a_o man_n and_o to_o lay_v by_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o ordinary_a signification_n of_o the_o name_n man_n which_o be_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n usual_o annex_v to_o it_o and_o bid_v
the_o reader_n consider_v man_n as_o he_o be_v in_o himself_o and_o whereby_o he_o be_v real_o distinguish_v from_o other_o in_o his_o internal_a constitution_n or_o real_a essence_n that_o be_v by_o something_o he_o know_v not_o what_o look_v like_o trifle_a and_o yet_o thus_o one_o must_v do_v who_o will_v speak_v of_o the_o suppose_a real_a essence_n and_o species_n of_o thing_n as_o think_v to_o be_v make_v by_o nature_n if_o it_o be_v but_o only_o to_o make_v it_o understand_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n signify_v by_o the_o general_a name_n substance_n be_v call_v by_o but_o because_o it_o be_v difficult_a by_o know_a familiar_a name_n to_o do_v this_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o endeavour_v by_o a_o example_n to_o make_v the_o different_a consideration_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o specific_a name_n and_o idea_n a_o little_a more_o clear_a and_o to_o show_v how_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n be_v refer_v sometime_o to_o archetype_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o intelligent_a being_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o the_o signification_n annex_v by_o other_o to_z their_z receive_v name_n and_o sometime_o to_o no_o archetype_n at_o all_o give_v i_o leave_v also_o to_o show_v how_o the_o mind_n always_o refer_v its_o idea_n of_o substance_n either_o to_o the_o substance_n themselves_o or_o to_o the_o signification_n of_o their_o name_n as_o to_o their_o archetype_n and_o also_o to_o make_v plain_a the_o nature_n of_o species_n or_o sort_v of_o thing_n as_o apprehend_v and_o make_v use_v of_o by_o we_o and_o of_o the_o essence_n belong_v to_o those_o species_n which_o be_v perhaps_o of_o more_o moment_n to_o discover_v the_o extent_n and_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n than_o we_o at_o first_o imagine_v §_o 43._o let_v we_o suppose_v adam_n in_o the_o state_n of_o a_o grow_v man_n with_o a_o good_a understanding_n but_o in_o a_o strange_a country_n with_o all_o thing_n new_a and_o unknown_a about_o he_o and_o no_o other_o faculty_n to_o attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o but_o what_o one_o of_o this_o age_n have_v now_o he_o observe_v lamech_v more_o melancholy_a than_o usual_a and_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v from_o a_o suspicion_n he_o have_v of_o his_o wife_n adah_n who_o he_o most_o ardent_o love_v that_o she_o have_v too_o much_o kindness_n for_o another_o man._n adam_n discourse_v these_o his_o thought_n to_o eve_n and_o desire_v she_o to_o take_v care_n that_o adah_n commit_v not_o folly_n and_o in_o these_o discourse_n with_o eve_n he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o two_o new_a word_n kinneah_n and_o niouph_n in_o time_n adam_n mistake_n appear_v for_o he_o find_v lamech_n trouble_v proceed_v from_o have_v kill_v a_o man_n but_o yet_o the_o two_o name_n kinneah_n and_o niouph_n the_o one_o stand_v for_o suspicion_n in_o a_o husband_n of_o his_o wive_n disloyalty_n to_o he_o and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o act_n of_o commit_v disloyalty_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o here_o be_v two_o distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n with_o name_n to_o they_o two_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n essential_o different_a i_o ask_v wherein_o consist_v the_o essence_n of_o these_o two_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n and_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o consist_v in_o a_o precise_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n different_a in_o one_o from_o the_o other_o i_o ask_v whether_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o adam_n mind_n which_o he_o call_v kinneah_n be_v adequate_a or_o no_o and_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v for_o it_o be_v a_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o he_o without_o regard_n to_o any_o archetype_n without_o respect_n to_o any_o thing_n as_o a_o pattern_n voluntary_o put_v together_o abstract_a and_o give_v the_o name_n kinneah_n to_o to_o express_v in_o short_a to_o other_o by_o that_o one_o sound_n all_o the_o simple_a idea_n contain_v and_o unite_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la one_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v a_o adequate_a idea_n his_o own_o choice_n have_v make_v that_o combination_n it_o have_v all_o in_o it_o he_o intend_v it_o shall_v and_o so_o can_v not_o but_o be_v perfect_a can_v not_o but_o be_v adequate_a it_o be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o archetype_n which_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o represent_v §_o 44._o these_o word_n kinneah_n and_o niouph_n by_o degree_n grâ—w_o into_o common_a use_n and_o then_o the_o case_n be_v somewhat_o alter_v adam_n child_n have_v the_o same_o faculty_n and_o thereby_o the_o same_o power_n that_o he_o have_v to_o make_v what_o complex_fw-la ideas_n of_o mix_a modes_n they_o please_v in_o their_o own_o mind_n to_o abstract_n they_o and_o make_v what_o sound_v they_o please_v the_o sign_n of_o they_o but_o the_o use_n of_o name_n be_v to_o make_v our_o idea_n within_o we_o know_v to_o other_o that_o can_v be_v do_v but_o when_o the_o same_o sign_n stand_v for_o the_o same_o idea_n in_o two_o who_o will_v communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n together_o those_o therefore_o of_o adam_n child_n that_o find_v these_o two_o word_n kinneah_n and_o niouph_n in_o familiar_a use_n can_v not_o take_v they_o for_o insignificant_a sound_n but_o must_v needs_o conclude_v they_o stand_v for_o something_o for_o certain_a idea_n abstract_a idea_n they_o be_v general_a name_n which_o abstract_a idea_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n distinguish_v by_o those_o name_n if_o therefore_o they_o will_v use_v these_o word_n as_o name_n of_o species_n already_o establish_v and_o agree_v on_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o conform_v the_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n signify_v by_o these_o name_n to_o the_o idea_n that_o they_o stand_v for_o in_o other_o man_n mind_n and_o to_o conform_v their_o idea_n to_o they_o as_o to_o their_o pattern_n and_o archetype_n and_o then_o indeed_o their_o idea_n of_o these_o complex_fw-la modes_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v inadequate_a as_o be_v very_o apt_a especial_o those_o that_o consist_v of_o combination_n of_o many_o simple_a idea_n not_o to_o be_v exact_o conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n in_o other_o man_n mind_n use_v the_o same_o name_n though_o for_o this_o there_o be_v usual_o a_o remedy_n at_o hand_n which_o be_v to_o ask_v the_o meaning_n of_o any_o word_n we_o understand_v not_o of_o he_o that_o use_v it_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o know_v certain_o what_o the_o word_n jealousy_n and_o adultery_n which_o i_o think_v answer_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d stand_v for_o in_o another_o man_n mind_n with_o who_o i_o will_v discourse_v about_o they_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o language_n to_o know_v what_o kinneah_n and_o niouph_n stand_v for_o in_o another_o man_n mind_n without_o explication_n they_o be_v voluntary_a sign_n in_o every_o one_o §_o 45._o let_v we_o now_o also_o consider_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n in_o their_o first_o application_n one_o of_o adam_n child_n rove_a in_o the_o mountain_n light_n on_o a_o glitter_a substance_n which_o please_v his_o eye_n home_n he_o carry_v it_o to_o adam_n who_o upon_o consideration_n of_o it_o find_v it_o to_o be_v hard_a to_o have_v a_o bright_a yellow_a colour_n and_o a_o exceed_o great_a weight_n these_o perhaps_o at_o first_o be_v all_o the_o quality_n he_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o it_o and_o abstract_v this_o complex_fw-la idea_n consist_v of_o a_o substance_n have_v that_o peculiar_a bright_a yellowness_n and_o a_o weight_n very_o great_a in_o proportion_n to_o its_o bulk_n he_o give_v it_o the_o name_n zahab_n to_o denominate_v and_o mark_v all_o substance_n that_o have_v these_o sensible_a quality_n in_o they_o it_o be_v evident_a now_o that_o in_o this_o case_n adam_n act_v quite_o different_o from_o what_o he_o do_v before_o in_o form_v those_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o name_n kinneah_n and_o niouph_n for_o there_o he_o put_v idea_n together_o only_o by_o his_o own_o imagination_n not_o take_v from_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o to_o they_o he_o give_v name_n to_o denominate_v all_o thing_n that_o shall_v happen_v to_o agree_v to_o those_o his_o abstract_n idea_n without_o consider_v whether_o any_o such_o thing_n do_v exist_v or_o no_o the_o standard_n there_o be_v of_o his_o own_o make_n but_o in_o the_o form_n his_o idea_n of_o this_o new_a substance_n he_o take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a course_n here_o he_o have_v a_o standard_n make_v by_o nature_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o represent_v that_o to_o himself_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o even_o when_o it_o be_v absent_a he_o put_v in_o no_o simple_a idea_n into_o his_o complex_fw-la one_o but_o what_o he_o have_v the_o perception_n of_o from_o the_o thing_n itself_o he_o take_v care_n that_o his_o idea_n be_v
man_n have_v idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a in_o his_o thought_n nor_o that_o he_o observe_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o some_o of_o they_o but_o he_o must_v think_v in_o train_n and_o observe_v the_o dependency_n of_o his_o thought_n and_o reason_n one_o upon_o another_o and_o to_o express_v well_o such_o methodical_a and_o rational_a thought_n he_o must_v have_v word_n to_o show_v what_o connexion_n restriction_n distinction_n opposition_n emphasis_n etc._n etc._n he_o give_v to_o each_o respective_a part_n of_o his_o discourse_n to_o mistake_v in_o any_o of_o these_o be_v to_o puzzle_v instead_o of_o inform_v his_o hearer_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o those_o word_n which_o be_v not_o true_o by_o themselves_o the_o name_n of_o any_o idea_n be_v of_o such_o constant_a and_o indispensible_a use_n in_o language_n and_o do_v so_o much_o contribute_v to_o man_n well_o express_v themselves_o §_o 3._o this_o part_n of_o grammar_n have_v be_v perhaps_o as_o much_o neglect_v as_o some_o other_o over-diligent_o cultivate_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o man_n to_o write_v one_o after_o another_o of_o case_n and_o gender_n mood_n and_o tense_n gerund_n and_o supine_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a there_o have_v be_v great_a diligence_n use_v and_o particle_n themselves_o in_o some_o language_n have_v be_v with_o great_a show_n of_o exactness_n rank_v into_o their_o several_a order_n but_o though_o preposition_n and_o conjunction_n etc._n etc._n be_v name_n well_o know_v in_o grammar_n and_o the_o particle_n contain_v under_o they_o careful_o rank_v into_o their_o distinct_a subdivision_n yet_o he_o who_o will_v show_v the_o right_a use_n of_o particle_n and_o what_o significancy_n and_o force_n they_o have_v must_v take_v a_o little_a more_o pain_n enter_v into_o his_o own_o thought_n and_o observe_v nice_o the_o several_a posture_n of_o his_o mind_n in_o discourse_v §_o 4._o neither_o be_v it_o enough_o for_o the_o explain_n of_o these_o word_n to_o render_v they_o as_o be_v usual_o in_o dictionary_n by_o word_n of_o another_o tongue_n which_o come_v near_a to_o their_o signification_n for_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o they_o be_v common_o as_o hard_a to_o be_v understand_v in_o one_o as_o another_o language_n they_o be_v all_o mark_n of_o some_o action_n or_o intimation_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o therefore_o to_o understand_v they_o right_o the_o several_a view_n posture_n stand_v turns_z limitation_n and_o exception_n and_o several_a other_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o which_o we_o have_v either_o none_o or_o very_o deficient_a name_n be_v diligent_o to_o be_v study_v of_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a variety_n much_o exceed_v the_o number_n of_o particle_n that_o most_o language_n have_v to_o express_v they_o by_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o most_o of_o these_o particle_n have_v divers_a and_o sometime_o almost_o opposite_a signification_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n there_o be_v a_o particle_n consist_v but_o of_o one_o single_a letter_n of_o which_o there_o be_v reckon_v up_o as_o i_o remember_v seventy_o i_o be_o sure_a above_o fifty_o several_a signification_n §_o 5._o but_o be_v a_o particle_n none_o more_o familiar_a in_o our_o language_n and_o he_o that_o say_v it_o be_v a_o discretive_a conjunction_n and_o that_o it_o answer_v say_v in_o latin_a or_o mais_n in_o french_a think_v he_o have_v sufficient_o explain_v it_o but_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o intimate_v several_a relation_n the_o mind_n give_v to_o the_o several_a proposition_n or_o part_n of_o they_o which_o it_o join_v by_o this_o monosyllable_n first_o but_o to_o say_v no_o more_o here_o it_o intimate_v a_o stop_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o the_o course_n it_o be_v go_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o second_o i_o see_v but_o two_o planet_n here_o it_o show_v that_o the_o mind_n limit_n the_o sense_n to_o what_o be_v express_v with_o a_o negation_n of_o all_o other_o three_o you_o pray_v but_o it_o be_v not_o that_o god_n will_v bring_v you_o to_o the_o true_a religion_n four_o but_o that_o he_o will_v confirm_v you_o in_o your_o own_o the_o first_o of_o these_o butt_n intimate_v a_o supposition_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o something_o otherwise_o than_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o latter_a show_n that_o the_o mind_n make_v a_o direct_a opposition_n between_o that_o and_o what_o go_v before_o it_o five_o all_o animal_n have_v sense_n but_o a_o dog_n be_v a_o animal_n here_o it_o signify_v little_o more_o but_o that_o the_o latter_a proposition_n be_v join_v to_o the_o former_a as_o the_o minor_a of_o a_o syllogism_n §_o 6._o to_o these_o i_o doubt_v not_o may_v be_v add_v a_o great_a many_o other_o signification_n of_o this_o particle_n if_o it_o be_v my_o business_n to_o examine_v it_o in_o its_o full_a latitude_n and_o consider_v it_o in_o all_o the_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v which_o if_o one_o shall_v do_v i_o doubt_v whether_o in_o all_o those_o manner_n it_o be_v make_v use_n of_o it_o will_v deserve_v the_o title_n of_o discretive_a which_o grammarian_n give_v to_o it_o but_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o sign_n the_o instance_n i_o have_v give_v in_o this_o one_o may_v give_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v upon_o their_o use_n and_o force_v in_o language_n and_o lead_v we_o into_o the_o contemplation_n of_o several_a action_n of_o our_o mind_n in_o discourse_v which_o it_o have_v find_v a_o way_n to_o intimate_v to_o other_o by_o these_o particle_n some_o whereof_o constant_o and_o other_o in_o certain_a construction_n have_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o whole_a sentence_n contain_v in_o they_o chap._n viii_o of_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a term_n §_o 1._o the_o ordinary_a word_n of_o language_n and_o our_o common_a use_n of_o they_o will_v have_v give_v we_o light_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n if_o they_o have_v be_v but_o consider_v with_o attention_n the_o mind_n as_o have_v be_v show_v have_v a_o power_n to_o abstract_n its_o idea_n and_o so_o they_o become_v essence_n general_a essence_n whereby_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n be_v distinguish_v now_o each_o abstract_n idea_n be_v distinct_a so_o that_o the_o one_o can_v never_o be_v the_o other_o the_o mind_n will_v by_o its_o intuitive_a knowledge_n perceive_v their_o difference_n and_o therefore_o in_o proposition_n no_o two_o whole_a idea_n can_v ever_o be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o this_o we_o see_v in_o the_o common_a use_n of_o language_n which_o permit_v not_o any_o two_o abstract_a word_n or_o name_n of_o abstract_n idea_n to_o be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o for_o how_o near_o of_o kin_n soever_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v and_o how_o certain_a soever_o it_o be_v that_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n or_o rational_a or_o white_a yet_o every_o one_o at_o first_o hear_v perceive_v the_o falsehood_n of_o these_o proposition_n humanity_n be_v animality_n or_o rationality_n or_o whiteness_n and_o this_o be_v as_o evident_a as_o any_o of_o the_o most_o allow_v maxim_n all_o our_o affirmation_n then_o be_v only_o in_o concrete_a which_o be_v the_o affirm_v not_o one_o abstract_a idea_n to_o be_v another_o but_o one_o abstract_n idea_n be_v join_v to_o another_o which_o abstract_a idea_n in_o substance_n may_v be_v of_o any_o sort_n in_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v little_a else_o but_o of_o relation_n and_o in_o substance_n the_o most_o frequent_a be_v of_o power_n v_o g._n a_o man_n be_v white_a signify_v that_o the_o thing_n that_o have_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o man_n have_v also_o in_o it_o the_o essence_n of_o whiteness_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o power_n to_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n in_o one_o who_o eye_n can_v discover_v ordinary_a object_n or_o a_o man_n be_v rational_a signify_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o have_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o man_n have_v also_o in_o it_o the_o essence_n of_o rationality_n i._n e._n a_o power_n of_o reason_v §_o 2._o this_o distinction_n of_o name_n show_v we_o also_o the_o difference_n of_o our_o idea_n for_o if_o we_o observe_v they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o our_o simple_a idea_n have_v all_o abstract_n as_o well_o as_o concrete_a name_n the_o one_o whereof_o be_v to_o speak_v the_o language_n of_o grammarian_n a_o substantive_n the_o other_o a_o adjective_n as_o whiteness_n white_a sweetness_n sweet_a the_o like_a also_o hold_v in_o our_o idea_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n as_o justice_n just_o equality_n equal_a only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o some_o of_o the_o concrete_a name_n of_o relation_n among_o man_n chief_o be_v substantive_n as_o paternitas_fw-la pater_fw-la whereof_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o render_v a_o reason_n but_o as_o to_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n we_o have_v very_o few_o or_o no_o abstract_n name_n at_o all_o for_o though_o
and_o ordinary_a receive_v one_o for_o which_o they_o must_v either_o make_v new_a word_n which_o man_n seldom_o venture_v to_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o be_v think_v guilty_a of_o affectation_n or_o novelty_n or_o else_o must_v use_v old_a one_o in_o a_o new_a signification_n therefore_o after_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o forego_n rule_n it_o be_v sometime_o necessary_a for_o the_o ascertain_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n to_o declare_v their_o mean_v where_o either_o common_a use_n have_v leave_v it_o uncertain_a and_o loose_a as_o it_o have_v in_o most_o name_n of_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n or_o where_o a_o man_n use_v they_o in_o a_o sensâ—_n any_o way_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o or_o where_o the_o term_n be_v very_o material_a in_o the_o discourse_n and_o that_o upon_o which_o it_o chief_a turn_n be_v liable_a to_o any_o doubtfulness_n or_o mistake_v §_o 13._o as_o the_o idea_n man_n word_n stand_v for_o be_v of_o different_a sort_n so_o the_o way_n of_o make_v know_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n be_v also_o different_a for_o though_o define_v be_v think_v the_o proper_a way_n to_o make_v know_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o word_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o word_n that_o will_v not_o be_v define_v as_o there_o be_v other_o who_o precise_a mean_v can_v be_v make_v know_v but_o by_o definition_n and_o perhaps_o a_o three_o which_o partake_v somewhat_o of_o both_o the_o other_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n modes_n and_o substance_n §_o 14._o first_o when_o a_o man_n make_v use_v of_o the_o name_n of_o any_o simple_a idea_n which_o he_o perceive_v be_v not_o understand_v or_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v mistake_v he_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o the_o end_n of_o speech_n to_o declare_v its_o mean_v and_o make_v know_v what_o idea_n he_o make_v it_o stand_v for_o this_o as_o have_v be_v show_v can_v be_v do_v by_o definition_n and_o therefore_o when_o a_o synonymous_a word_n fail_v to_o do_v it_o there_o be_v but_o one_o of_o these_o way_n leâ—t_o first_o sometime_o the_o name_v the_o subject_a wherein_o that_o simple_a idea_n be_v to_o be_v find_v will_v make_v its_o name_n be_v understand_v by_o those_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o subject_a and_o know_v it_o by_o that_o name_n so_o to_o make_v a_o countryman_n understand_v what_o fevillemorte_n colour_n signify_v it_o may_v suffice_v to_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v the_o colour_n of_o wither_a leave_n fall_v in_o autumn_n second_o but_o the_o only_a sure_a way_n of_o make_v know_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n of_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v by_o present_v to_o his_o sense_n that_o subject_a which_o may_v produce_v it_o in_o his_o mind_n and_o make_v he_o actual_o have_v the_o idea_n that_o word_n stand_v for_o §_o 15._o second_o mix_v modes_n especial_o those_o belong_v to_o morality_n be_v most_o of_o they_o such_o combination_n of_o idea_n as_o the_o mind_n put_v together_o of_o its_o own_o choice_n and_o whereof_o they_o be_v not_o always_o stand_v pattern_n to_o be_v find_v exist_v the_o signification_n of_o their_o name_n can_v be_v make_v know_v as_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n by_o any_o show_n but_o in_o recompense_n thereof_o may_v be_v perfect_o and_o exact_o define_v for_o they_o be_v combination_n of_o several_a idea_n that_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v arbitrary_o put_v together_o without_o reference_n to_o any_o archetype_n man_n may_v if_o they_o please_v exact_o know_v the_o idea_n that_o go_v to_o each_o composition_n and_o so_o both_o use_v these_o word_n in_o a_o certain_a and_o undoubted_a signification_n and_o perfect_o declare_v when_o there_o be_v occasion_n what_o they_o stand_v for_o this_o if_o well_o consider_v will_v lay_v great_a blame_n on_o those_o who_o make_v not_o their_o discourse_n about_o moral_a thing_n very_o clear_a and_o distinct_a for_o since_o the_o precise_a signification_n of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o each_o species_n be_v to_o be_v know_v they_o be_v not_o of_o nature_n but_o man_n make_v it_o be_v a_o great_a negligence_n and_o perverseness_n to_o discourse_v of_o moral_a thing_n with_o uncertainty_n and_o obscurity_n which_o be_v much_o more_o pardonable_a in_o treat_v of_o natural_a substance_n where_o doubtful_a term_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v avoid_v for_o a_o quite_o contrary_a reason_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v by_o and_o by_o §_o 16._o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o think_v that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o methematicks_n since_o the_o precise_a real_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n moral_a word_n stand_v for_o may_v be_v perfect_o know_v and_o so_o the_o congruity_n or_o incongruity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o be_v certain_o discover_v in_o which_o consist_v perfect_a knowledge_n nor_o let_v any_o one_o object_n that_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v often_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o morality_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o modes_n from_o which_o will_v arise_v obscurity_n for_o as_o to_o substance_n when_o concern_v in_o moral_a discourse_n their_o divers_a nature_n be_v not_o so_o much_o inquire_v into_o as_o suppose_v v_o g._n when_o we_o say_v that_o man_n be_v subject_a to_o law_n we_o mean_v nothing_o by_o man_n but_o a_o corporeal_a rational_a creature_n what_o the_o real_a essence_n or_o other_o quality_n of_o that_o creature_n be_v in_o this_o case_n be_v no_o way_n consider_v and_o therefore_o whether_o a_o child_n or_o changeling_n be_v a_o man_n in_o a_o physical_a sense_n may_v among_o the_o naturalist_n be_v as_o disputable_a as_o it_o will_v it_o concern_v not_o at_o all_o the_o moral_a man_n as_o i_o may_v call_v he_o which_o be_v this_o immovable_a unchangeable_a idea_n a_o corporeal_a rational_a be_v for_o be_v there_o a_o monkey_n or_o any_o other_o creature_n to_o be_v find_v that_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v general_a sign_n and_o to_o deduce_v consequence_n about_o general_a idea_n he_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v subject_a to_o law_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n be_v a_o man_n how_o much_o soever_o he_o differ_v in_o shape_n from_o other_o of_o that_o name_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n if_o they_o be_v use_v in_o they_o as_o they_o shall_v can_v no_o more_o disturb_v moral_a than_o they_o do_v mathematical_a discourse_n where_o if_o the_o mathematician_n speak_v of_o a_o cube_n or_o globe_n of_o gold_n or_o any_o other_o body_n he_o have_v his_o clear_a settle_a idea_n which_o vary_v not_o though_o it_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v apply_v to_o a_o particular_a body_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v not_o §_o 17._o this_o i_o have_v here_o mention_v by_o the_o bye_n to_o show_v of_o what_o consequence_n it_o be_v for_o man_n in_o their_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o consequent_o in_o all_o their_o moral_a discourse_n to_o define_v their_o word_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n since_o thereby_o moral_a knowledge_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a clearness_n and_o certainty_n and_o it_o must_v be_v great_a want_n of_o ingenuity_n to_o say_v no_o worse_o of_o it_o to_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o since_o a_o definition_n be_v the_o only_a way_n whereby_o the_o precise_a mean_v of_o moral_a word_n can_v be_v know_v and_o yet_o a_o way_n whereby_o their_o mean_v may_v be_v know_v certain_o and_o without_o leave_v any_o room_n for_o any_o contest_v about_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o negligence_n or_o perverseness_n of_o mankind_n can_v be_v excuse_v if_o their_o discourse_n in_o morality_n be_v not_o much_o more_o clear_a than_o those_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n since_o they_o be_v about_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v none_o of_o they_o false_a nor_o disproportionate_a they_o have_v no_o external_a being_n for_o archetype_n which_o they_o be_v refer_v to_o and_o must_v correspond_v with_o it_o be_v far_o easy_a for_o man_n to_o frame_v in_o their_o mind_n a_o idea_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o standard_n to_o which_o they_o will_v give_v the_o name_n justice_n with_o which_o pattern_n so_o make_v all_o action_n that_o agree_v shall_v pass_v under_o that_o denomination_n than_o have_v see_v aristides_n to_o frame_v a_o idea_n that_o shall_v in_o all_o thing_n be_v exact_o like_o he_o who_o be_v as_o he_o be_v let_v man_n make_v what_o notion_n or_o idea_n they_o please_v of_o he_o for_o the_o one_o they_o need_v but_o know_v the_o idea_n they_o frame_v within_o themselves_o for_o the_o other_o they_o must_v inquire_v into_o the_o whole_a nature_n and_o abstruse_a hide_a constitution_n and_o quality_n of_o a_o thing_n exist_v without_o they_o §_o 18._o another_o
this_o i_o think_v one_o may_v call_v habitual_a knowledge_n and_o thus_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o know_v all_o those_o truth_n which_o be_v lodge_v in_o his_o memory_n by_o a_o forego_n clear_a and_o full_a perception_n whereof_o the_o mind_n be_v assure_v past_o doubt_n as_o often_o as_o it_o have_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o they_o for_o our_o finite_a understanding_n be_v able_a to_o think_v clear_o and_o distinct_o but_o on_o one_o thing_n at_o once_o if_o man_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o more_o than_o what_o they_o actual_o think_v on_o they_o will_v all_o be_v very_o ignorant_a and_o he_o that_o know_v most_o will_v know_v but_o one_o truth_n that_o be_v all_o he_o be_v able_a to_o think_v on_o at_o one_o time_n §_o 9_o of_o habitual_a knowledge_n there_o be_v also_o vulgar_o speak_v two_o degree_n first_o the_o one_o be_v of_o such_o truth_n lay_v up_o in_o the_o memory_n as_o whenever_o they_o occur_v to_o the_o mind_n it_o actual_o perceive_v the_o relation_n be_v between_o those_o idea_n and_o this_o be_v in_o all_o those_o truth_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n where_o the_o idea_n themselves_o by_o a_o immediate_a view_n discover_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n one_o with_o another_o second_o the_o other_o be_v of_o such_o truth_n whereof_o the_o mind_n have_v be_v convince_v it_o retain_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o conviction_n without_o the_o proof_n thus_o a_o man_n that_o remember_v certain_o that_o he_o once_o perceive_v the_o demonstration_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o be_v common_o allow_v to_o know_v it_o because_o he_o can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o have_v forget_v the_o demonstration_n strict_o speak_v he_o rather_o believe_v his_o memory_n than_o know_v the_o thing_n or_o rather_o it_o be_v something_o between_o opinion_n and_o knowledge_n a_o sort_n of_o assurance_n that_o exceed_v bare_a belief_n which_o rely_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o another_o and_o yet_o come_v short_a of_o perfect_a knowledge_n for_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o a_o clear_a perception_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n either_o by_o a_o immediate_a juxta-position_n as_o in_o intuitive_a knowledge_n or_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n which_o do_v immediate_o discover_v their_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o as_o in_o demonstration_n the_o mind_n can_v in_o strictness_n be_v say_v to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o habitual_a knowledge_n where_o it_o have_v not_o a_o habitual_a view_n of_o the_o proof_n where_o it_o have_v not_o such_o a_o memory_n of_o the_o demonstration_n that_o it_o can_v when_o that_o proposition_n be_v again_o recall_v to_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o connexion_n of_o those_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o such_o other_o idea_n who_o immediate_a connexion_n or_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o show_v the_o relation_n of_o the_o extreme_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n be_v much_o more_o imperfect_a than_o intuitive_a as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o all_o our_o knowledge_n consist_v as_o i_o have_v say_v in_o the_o view_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o its_o own_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o utmost_a light_n and_o great_a certainty_n we_o with_o our_o faculty_n and_o in_o our_o way_n of_o knowledge_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o consider_v a_o little_a the_o degree_n of_o its_o evidence_n the_o different_a clearness_n of_o our_o knowledge_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o lie_v in_o the_o different_a way_n of_o perception_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n for_o if_o we_o will_v reflect_v on_o our_o own_o way_n of_o think_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o sometime_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n immediate_o by_o themselves_o without_o the_o intervention_n of_o any_o other_o and_o this_o i_o think_v we_o may_v call_v intuitive_a knowledge_n for_o in_o this_o the_o mind_n be_v at_o no_o pain_n of_o prove_v or_o examine_v but_o perceive_v the_o truth_n as_o the_o eye_n do_v light_a only_o by_o be_v direct_v towards_o it_o thus_o the_o mind_n perceive_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a that_o a_o circle_n be_v not_o a_o triangle_n that_o three_o be_v more_o than_o two_o and_o equal_a to_o one_o and_o two_n such_o kind_n of_o truth_n the_o mind_n perceive_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n of_o the_o idea_n together_o by_o bare_a intuition_n without_o the_o intervention_n of_o any_o other_o idea_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n be_v the_o clear_a and_o most_o certain_a that_o (null)_o frailty_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o part_n of_o knowledge_n be_v irresistible_a and_o like_o the_o bright_a sunshine_n force_v itself_o immediate_o to_o be_v perceive_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o mind_n turn_v its_o view_n that_o way_n and_o leave_v no_o room_n for_o hesitation_n doubt_v or_o examination_n but_o the_o mind_n be_v present_o fill_v with_o the_o clear_a light_n of_o it_o it_o be_v on_o this_o intuition_n that_o depend_v all_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n which_o certainty_n every_o one_o find_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o can_v imagine_v and_o therefore_o not_o require_v a_o great_a for_o a_o man_n can_v conceive_v himself_o capable_a of_o a_o great_a certainty_n than_o to_o know_v that_o any_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v such_o as_o he_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v and_o that_o two_o idea_n wherein_o he_o perceive_v a_o difference_n be_v different_a and_o not_o precise_o the_o same_o he_o that_o demand_v a_o great_a certainty_n than_o this_o demand_v he_o know_v not_o what_o and_o show_v only_o that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v a_o sceptic_a without_o be_v able_a to_o be_v so_o certainty_n depend_v so_o whole_o on_o this_o intuition_n that_o in_o the_o next_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n which_o i_o call_v demonstrative_a this_o intuition_n be_v necessary_a in_o all_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n without_o which_o we_o can_v attain_v knowledge_n and_o certainty_n §_o 2._o the_o next_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n be_v where_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o idea_n but_o not_o immediate_o though_o wherever_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o always_o happen_v that_o the_o mind_n see_v that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o there_o be_v between_o they_o even_o where_o it_o be_v discoverable_a and_o in_o that_o case_n remain_v in_o ignorance_n or_o at_o most_o get_v no_o far_a than_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mind_n can_v always_o perceive_v present_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n be_v because_o those_o idea_n concern_v who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o enquiry_n be_v make_v can_v by_o the_o mind_n be_v so_o put_v together_o as_o to_o show_v it_o in_o this_o case_n then_o when_o the_o mind_n can_v so_o bring_v its_o idea_n together_o as_o by_o their_o immediate_a comparison_n and_o as_o it_o be_v juxta-position_n or_o application_n one_o to_o another_o to_o perceive_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n it_o be_v fain_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n one_o or_o more_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o discover_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o it_o search_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v reason_v thus_o the_o mind_n be_v willing_a to_o know_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n in_o bigness_n between_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o two_o right_a one_o can_v by_o a_o immediate_a view_n and_o compare_v they_o do_v it_o because_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n can_v be_v bring_v at_o once_o and_o be_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o one_o or_o two_o angle_n and_o so_o of_o this_o the_o mind_n have_v no_o immediate_a no_o intuitive_a knowledge_n in_o this_o case_n the_o mind_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o some_o other_o angle_n to_o which_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n have_v a_o equality_n and_o find_v those_o equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o come_v to_o know_v their_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o §_o 3._o those_o intervening_a idea_n which_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o agreement_n of_o any_o two_o other_o be_v call_v proof_n and_o where_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n plain_o and_o clear_o perceive_v it_o be_v call_v demonstration_n it_o be_v show_v to_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o mind_n make_v see_v that_o it_o be_v so_o a_o quickness_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o find_v out_o these_o intermediate_v
the_o figure_n of_o any_o of_o the_o wheel_n the_o dissolve_v of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o gold_n in_o aq_n regius_fw-la and_o not_o vice_n versa_fw-la will_v be_v then_o perhaps_o no_o more_o difficult_a to_o know_v than_o it_o be_v to_o a_o smith_n to_o understand_v why_o the_o turn_n of_o one_o key_n will_v open_v a_o lock_n and_o not_o the_o turn_n of_o another_o but_o whilst_o we_o be_v destitute_a of_o sense_n acute_a enough_o to_o discover_v the_o minute_n particle_n of_o body_n and_o to_o give_v we_o idea_n of_o their_o mechanical_a affection_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o property_n and_o way_n of_o operation_n nor_o can_v we_o be_v assure_v about_o they_o any_o far_a than_o some_o few_o trial_n we_o make_v be_v able_a to_o reach_v but_o whether_o they_o will_v succeed_v again_o another_o time_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a this_o hinder_v our_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o universal_a truth_n concern_v natural_a body_n and_o our_o reason_n carry_v we_o herein_o very_o little_a beyond_o particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n §_o 26._o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o doubt_v that_o how_o far_o soever_o (null)_o industry_n may_v advance_v useful_a and_o experimental_a philosophy_n in_o physical_a thing_n scientifical_a will_n still_o be_v out_o of_o our_o reach_n because_o we_o want_v perfect_a and_o adequate_a idea_n of_o those_o very_a body_n which_o be_v near_a to_o we_o and_o most_o under_o our_o command_n those_o which_o we_o have_v rank_v into_o class_n under_o name_n and_o we_o think_v ourselves_o best_o acquaint_v with_o we_o have_v but_o very_o imperfect_a and_o incomplete_a idea_n of_o distinct_a idea_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o body_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o examination_n of_o our_o sense_n perhaps_o we_o may_v have_v but_o adequate_a idea_n i_o suspect_v we_o have_v not_o of_o any_o one_o among_o they_o and_o though_o the_o former_a of_o these_o will_v serve_v we_o for_o common_a use_n and_o discourse_n yet_o whilst_o we_o want_v the_o latter_a we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o scientifical_a knowledge_n nor_o shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v general_a instructive_a truth_n concern_v they_o certainty_n and_o demonstration_n be_v thing_n we_o must_v not_o in_o these_o matter_n pretend_v to_o by_o the_o colour_n figure_n taste_n and_o smell_v and_o other_o sensible_a quality_n we_o have_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o sage_n and_o hemlock_n as_o we_o have_v of_o a_o circle_n and_o a_o triangle_n but_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o the_o particular_a primary_n quality_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o either_o of_o these_o plant_n nor_o of_o other_o body_n we_o will_v apply_v they_o to_o we_o can_v tell_v what_o effect_n they_o will_v produce_v nor_o when_o we_o see_v those_o effect_n can_v we_o so_o much_o as_o guess_v much_o less_o know_v their_o manner_n of_o production_n thus_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o the_o particular_a mechanical_a affection_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n of_o body_n that_o be_v within_o our_o view_n and_o reach_v we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o constitution_n power_n and_o operation_n and_o of_o body_n more_o remote_a we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o very_a outward_a shape_v and_o being_n §_o 27._o this_o at_o first_o sight_n will_v show_v we_o how_o disproportionate_a our_o knowledge_n be_v to_o the_o whole_a extent_n even_o of_o material_a being_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v the_o consideration_n of_o that_o infinite_a number_n of_o spirit_n that_o may_v be_v and_o probable_o be_v which_o be_v yet_o more_o remote_a from_o our_o knowledge_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o cognizance_n nor_o can_v frame_v to_o ourselves_o any_o distinct_a idea_n of_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o sort_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o cause_n of_o ignorance_n conceal_v from_o we_o in_o a_o impenetrable_a obscurity_n almost_o the_o whole_a intellectual_a world_n a_o great_a certain_o and_o more_o beautiful_a world_n than_o the_o material_a for_o bate_v some_o very_a few_o and_o those_o if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o superficial_a idea_n which_o spirit_n we_o by_o reflection_n get_v of_o our_o own_o and_o of_o the_o father_n of_o all_o spirit_n the_o eternal_a independent_a author_n of_o they_o and_o we_o and_o all_o thing_n we_o have_v no_o certain_a information_n so_o much_o as_o of_o their_o existence_n but_o by_o revelation_n angel_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v natural_o beyond_o our_o discovery_n and_o all_o those_o intelligence_n whereof_o it_o be_v likely_a there_o be_v more_o order_n than_o of_o corporeal_a substance_n be_v thing_n whereof_o our_o natural_a faculty_n give_v we_o no_o certain_a account_n at_o all_o that_o there_o be_v mind_n and_o think_v being_n in_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o every_o man_n have_v a_o reason_n from_o their_o word_n and_o action_n to_o be_v satisfy_v but_o between_o we_o and_o the_o great_a god_n we_o can_v have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o spirit_n but_o by_o revelation_n much_o less_o have_v we_o distinct_a idea_n of_o their_o different_a nature_n condition_n state_n power_n and_o several_a constitution_n wherein_o they_o agree_v or_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o and_o from_o we_o and_o therefore_o in_o what_o concern_v their_o different_a species_n and_o property_n we_o be_v under_o a_o absolute_a ignorance_n §_o 28._o second_o what_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o substantial_a being_n that_n be_v in_o the_o universe_n the_o want_n of_o idea_n leave_v open_a to_o our_o knowledge_n we_o have_v see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n another_o cause_n of_o ignorance_n of_o no_o less_o moment_n be_v the_o want_n of_o a_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v for_o wherever_o we_o want_v that_o we_o be_v utter_o uncapable_a of_o universal_a and_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o be_v as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n leave_v only_o to_o observation_n and_o experiment_n which_o how_o narrow_a and_o confine_v it_o be_v how_o far_o from_o general_a knowledge_n we_o need_v not_o be_v tell_v i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o instance_n of_o this_o cause_n of_o our_o ignorance_n and_o so_o leave_v it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o several_a body_n about_o we_o produce_v in_o we_o several_a sensation_n as_o of_o colour_n sound_n taste_n or_o smell_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n etc._n etc._n those_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o body_n have_v no_o affinity_n at_o all_o with_o these_o idea_n they_o produce_v in_o we_o there_o be_v no_o conceivable_a connexion_n between_o any_o impulse_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o body_n and_o any_o perception_n of_o a_o colour_n or_o smell_v we_o find_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o can_v have_v no_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o such_o operation_n beyond_o our_o experience_n and_o can_v reason_v no_o otherwise_o about_o they_o than_o as_o the_o effect_n or_o appointment_n of_o a_o infinite_o wise_a agent_n which_o perfect_o surpass_v our_o comprehension_n as_o the_o idea_n of_o sensible_a secundary_a quality_n we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n can_v by_o we_o be_v no_o way_n deduce_v from_o bodily_a cause_n nor_o any_o correspondence_n or_o connexion_n be_v find_v between_o they_o and_o those_o primary_n quality_n which_o experience_n show_v we_o produce_v they_o in_o we_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o opetion_n of_o our_o mind_n upon_o our_o body_n be_v as_o unconceivable_a how_o any_o thought_n shall_v produce_v a_o motion_n in_o body_n be_v as_o remote_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n as_o how_o any_o body_n shall_v produce_v any_o thought_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o it_o be_v so_o if_o experience_n do_v not_o convince_v we_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o will_v never_o be_v able_a in_o the_o least_o to_o discover_v to_o we_o these_o and_o the_o like_a though_o they_o have_v a_o constant_a and_o regular_a connexion_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n yet_o that_o connexion_n be_v not_o discoverable_a in_o the_o idea_n themselves_o which_o appear_v to_o have_v no_o necessary_a dependence_n one_o on_o another_o we_o can_v attribute_v their_o connexion_n to_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o arbitrary_a determination_n of_o that_o alwise_a agent_n who_o have_v make_v they_o to_o be_v and_o to_o operate_v as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o way_n utter_o above_o our_o weak_a understanding_n to_o conceive_v §_o 29._o in_o some_o of_o our_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a relation_n habitude_n and_o connexion_n so_o visible_o include_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o we_o can_v conceive_v they_o separable_a from_o they_o by_o any_o power_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o these_o only_a we_o be_v capable_a of_o certain_a and_o universal_a knowledge_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o right-lined_n triangle_n necessary_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o equality_n of_o its_o angle_n to_o two_o right_a one_o
take_v from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o one_o hand_n two_o and_o from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o the_o other_o hand_n two_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v be_v equal_a these_o and_o a_o thousand_o other_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v find_v in_o number_n which_o at_o very_a first_o hear_n force_v the_o assent_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a clearness_n than_o those_o mathematical_a axiom_n §_o 7._o four_o as_o to_o real_a existence_n since_o that_o have_v no_o connexion_n with_o any_o other_o of_o our_o idea_n but_o that_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o a_o first_o be_v we_o have_v in_o that_o concern_v the_o real_a existence_n of_o all_o other_o being_n not_o so_o much_o as_o demonstrative_a much_o less_o a_o self-evident_a knowledge_n and_o therefore_o concern_v those_o there_o be_v no_o maxim_n §_o 8._o in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o influence_n those_o receive_a maxim_n have_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n the_o rule_v establish_v in_o the_o school_n that_o all_o reason_n be_v ex_fw-la praecognitis_fw-la &_o prac_fw-la incessis_fw-la seem_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n in_o these_o maxim_n and_o to_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v praecognita_fw-la whereby_o i_o think_v be_v mean_v these_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o these_o axiom_n be_v those_o truth_n that_o be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n and_o second_o that_o upon_o they_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v §_o 9_o first_o that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o truth_n first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n be_v evident_a to_o experience_n who_o perceive_v not_o that_o a_o child_n certain_o know_v that_o a_o stranger_n be_v not_o its_o mother_n that_o its_o sucking-bottle_n be_v not_o the_o rod_n long_o before_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o beâ—_n and_o how_o many_o truth_n be_v there_o about_o number_n which_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o and_o ul_o convince_v of_o before_o it_o ever_o think_v on_o these_o general_a maxim_n to_o which_o mathematician_n in_o their_o arguing_n do_v sometime_o refer_v they_o whereof_o the_o reason_n be_v very_o plain_a for_o that_o which_o make_v the_o mind_n assent_n to_o such_o proposition_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o perception_n it_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o its_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o find_v they_o affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o in_o word_n it_o understand_v and_o every_o idea_n be_v know_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o every_o two_o distinct_a idea_n not_o to_o be_v same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o such_o self-evident_a truth_n must_v be_v first_o know_v which_o consist_v of_o idea_n that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o idea_n first_o in_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v evident_a be_v those_o of_o particuliar_a thing_n from_o whence_o by_o slow_a degree_n the_o understanding_n proceed_v to_o some_o few_o general_a one_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o familiar_a object_n of_o sense_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n with_o general_a name_n to_o they_o thus_o particular_a idea_n be_v first_o receive_v and_o distinguish_v and_o so_o knowledge_n get_v about_o they_o and_o next_o to_o they_o the_o less_o general_a or_o specific_a which_o be_v next_o to_o particular_a for_o abstract_a idea_n be_v not_o so_o obvious_a or_o easy_a to_o child_n or_o the_o yet_o unexercised_a mind_n as_o particular_a one_o if_o they_o seem_v so_o to_o grow_v man_n it_o be_v only_a because_o by_o constant_a and_o familiar_a use_n they_o be_v make_v so_o for_o when_o we_o necely_a reflect_v upon_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o general_a idea_n be_v fiction_n and_o contrivance_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o carry_v difficulty_n with_o they_o and_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o offer_v themselves_o as_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v for_o example_n do_v it_o not_o require_v some_o pain_n and_o skill_n to_o form_v the_o general_a idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n which_o be_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o most_o abstract_a comprehensive_a and_o difficult_a for_o it_o must_v be_v neither_o oblique_a nor_o rectangle_n neither_o equilateral_a equicrural_a nor_o scalenon_fw-mi but_o all_o and_o none_o of_o these_o at_o once_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v something_o imperfect_a that_o can_v exist_v a_o idea_n wherein_o some_o part_n of_o several_a different_a and_o inconsistent_a idea_n be_v put_v together_o it_o be_v true_a the_o mind_n in_o this_o imperfect_a state_n have_v need_n of_o such_o idea_n and_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n to_o they_o it_o can_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o communication_n and_o enlargement_n of_o knowledge_n to_o both_o which_o it_o be_v natural_o very_o much_o incline_v but_o yet_o one_o have_v reason_n to_o suspect_v such_o idea_n be_v mark_n of_o our_o imperfection_n at_o least_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o the_o most_o abstract_a and_o general_a idea_n be_v not_o those_o that_o the_o mind_n be_v first_o and_o most_o easy_o acquaint_v with_o nor_o such_o as_o its_o early_a knowledge_n be_v conversant_a about_o §_o 10._o second_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o follow_v that_o these_o magnify_a maxim_n be_v not_o the_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n which_o have_v as_o much_o self-evidence_n as_o they_o and_o a_o great_a many_o that_o we_o know_v before_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v the_o principle_n from_o which_o we_o deduce_v all_o other_o truth_n be_v it_o impossible_a to_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o or_o some_o such_o axiom_n viz._n the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o many_o a_o one_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o without_o have_v hear_v or_o think_v on_o that_o or_o any_o other_o axiom_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o know_v it_o as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o man_n know_v that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o any_o other_o maxim_n and_o all_o from_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o self-evidence_n the_o equality_n of_o those_o idea_n be_v as_o visible_a and_o certain_a to_o he_o without_o that_o or_o any_o other_o axiom_n as_o with_o it_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o perceive_v nor_o after_o the_o knowledge_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n do_v he_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o better_a or_o more_o certain_o than_o he_o do_v before_o for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o odds_o in_o those_o idea_n the_o whole_a and_o part_n be_v more_o obscure_a or_o at_o least_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n than_o those_o of_o one_o two_o and_o three_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v i_o may_v ask_v these_o man_n who_o will_v needs_o have_v all_o knowledge_n beside_o those_o general_a principle_n themselves_o to_o depend_v on_o general_n innate_a and_o self-evident_a principle_n what_o principle_n be_v requisite_a to_o prove_v that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v two_o that_o two_o and_o two_o be_v four_o that_o three_o time_n two_o be_v six_o which_o be_v know_v without_o any_o proof_n do_v evince_n that_o either_o all_o knowledge_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a praecognita_fw-la or_o general_a maxim_n call_v principle_n or_o else_o that_o these_o be_v principle_n and_o if_o these_o be_v to_o be_v count_v principle_n a_o great_a part_n of_o numeration_n will_v be_v so_o to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v all_o the_o self-evident_a proposition_n may_v be_v make_v about_o all_o our_o distinct_a idea_n principle_n will_v be_v almost_o infinite_a at_o least_o innumerable_a which_o man_n arrive_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o at_o different_a age_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o these_o innate_a principle_n they_o never_o come_v to_o know_v all_o their_o life_n but_o whether_o they_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o mind_n early_o or_o late_a this_o be_v true_a of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v all_o know_v by_o their_o native_a evidence_n be_v whole_o independent_a receive_v no_o light_n nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n one_o from_o another_o much_o less_o the_o more_o particular_a from_o the_o more_o general_a or_o the_o more_o simple_a from_o the_o more_o compound_v the_o more_o simple_a and_o less_o abstract_n be_v the_o most_o familiar_a and_o the_o easy_a and_o early_o apprehend_v but_o whichever_o be_v the_o clear_a idea_n the_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n of_o all_o such_o proposition_n be_v in_o this_o that_o a_o man_n see_v the_o same_o idea_n to_o be_v the_o same_o idea_n and_o infallible_o perceive_v two_o
both_o for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o regulate_v our_o assent_n for_o it_o have_v to_o do_v both_o in_o knowledge_n and_o opinion_n and_o be_v necessary_a and_o assist_v to_o all_o our_o other_o intellectual_a faculty_n and_o indeed_o contain_v two_o of_o they_o viz._n sagacity_n and_o illation_n by_o the_o one_o it_o find_v out_o and_o by_o the_o other_o it_o so_o order_v the_o intermediate_v idea_n as_o to_o discover_v what_o connexion_n there_o be_v in_o each_o link_n of_o the_o chain_n whereby_o the_o extreme_n be_v hold_v together_o and_o thereby_o as_o it_o be_v to_o draw_v into_o view_n the_o truth_n seek_v for_o which_o be_v that_o we_o call_v illation_n or_o inference_n and_o consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n there_o be_v between_o the_o idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o deduction_n whereby_o the_o mind_n come_v to_o see_v either_o the_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n as_o in_o demonstration_n in_o which_o it_o arrive_v at_o knowledge_n or_o their_o probable_a connexion_n on_o which_o it_o give_v or_o withhold_v its_o assent_n as_o in_o opinion_n sense_n and_o intuition_n reach_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v upon_o deduction_n and_o intermediate_v idea_n and_o in_o those_o case_n where_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o substitute_n assent_v instead_o of_o knowledge_n and_o take_v proposition_n for_o true_a without_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v so_o we_o have_v need_v to_o find_v out_o examine_v and_o compare_v the_o ground_n of_o their_o probability_n in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o faculty_n which_o find_v out_o the_o mean_n and_o right_o apply_v they_o to_o discover_v certainty_n in_o the_o one_o and_o probability_n in_o the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v reason_n for_o as_o reason_n perceive_v the_o necessary_a and_o indubitable_a connexion_n of_o all_o the_o idea_n or_o proof_n one_o to_o another_o in_o each_o step_n of_o any_o demonstration_n that_o produce_v knowledge_n so_o it_o likewise_o perceive_v the_o probable_a connexion_n of_o all_o the_o idea_n or_o proof_n one_o to_o another_o in_o every_o step_n of_o a_o discourse_n to_o which_o it_o will_v think_v assent_n due_a this_o be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o that_o which_o can_v be_v true_o call_v reason_n for_o where_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o perceive_v this_o probable_a connexion_n where_o it_o do_v not_o discern_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o connexion_n or_o no_o their_o man_n opinion_n be_v not_o the_o product_n of_o judgement_n or_o the_o consequence_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o chance_n and_o hazard_n of_o a_o mind_n float_v at_o all_o adventure_n without_o choice_n and_o without_o direction_n §_o 3._o so_o that_o we_o may_v in_o reason_n consider_v these_o four_o degree_n the_o first_o and_o high_a be_v the_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o of_o proof_n the_o second_o the_o regular_a and_o methodical_a disposition_n of_o they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o a_o clear_a and_o fit_a order_n to_o make_v their_o connexion_n and_o force_n be_v plain_o and_o easy_o perceive_v the_o three_o be_v the_o perceive_v their_o connexion_n and_o the_o four_o the_o make_v a_o right_a conclusion_n these_o several_a degree_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o any_o mathematical_a demonstration_n it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o perceive_v the_o connexion_n of_o each_o part_n as_o the_o demonstration_n be_v make_v by_o another_o another_o to_o perceive_v the_o dependence_n of_o the_o conclusion_n on_o all_o the_o part_n a_o three_o to_o make_v out_o a_o demonstration_n clear_o and_o neat_o one_o self_n and_o something_o different_a from_o all_o these_o to_o have_v first_o find_v out_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n or_o proof_n by_o which_o it_o be_v make_v §_o 4._o there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v consider_v concern_v reason_n and_o that_o be_v whether_o syllogism_n as_o be_v general_o think_v be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o it_o and_o the_o useful_a way_n of_o exercise_v this_o faculty_n the_o cause_n i_o have_v to_o doubt_v be_v these_o first_o because_o syllogism_n serve_v our_o reason_n but_o in_o one_o only_a of_o the_o forementioned_a part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o be_v to_o show_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o proof_n in_o any_o one_o instance_n and_o no_o more_o but_o in_o this_o it_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n since_o the_o mind_n can_v perceive_v such_o connexion_n where_o it_o real_o be_v as_o easy_o nay_o perhaps_o better_a without_o it_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v the_o act_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o we_o reason_v best_a and_o clear_a when_o we_o only_o observe_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o proof_n without_o reduce_v it_o to_o any_o rule_n of_o syllogism_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o reason_n exceed_v clear_a and_o right_o who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o syllogism_n he_o that_o will_v look_v into_o many_o part_n of_o asia_n and_o america_n will_v find_v man_n reason_n there_o perhaps_o as_o acute_o as_o himself_o who_o yet_o never_o hear_v of_o a_o syllogism_n nor_o can_v reduce_v any_o one_o argument_n to_o those_o form_n indeed_o sometime_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o discover_v a_o fallacy_n hide_v in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n or_o cunning_o wrap_v up_o in_o a_o smooth_a period_n and_o strip_v a_o absurdity_n of_o the_o cover_n of_o wit_n and_o good_a language_n show_v it_o in_o its_o naked_a deformity_n but_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o teach_v to_o reason_n by_o these_o rule_n it_o have_v a_o native_a faculty_n to_o perceive_v the_o coherence_n or_o incoherence_n of_o its_o idea_n and_o can_v range_v they_o right_o without_o any_o such_o perplex_v repetition_n tell_v a_o country_n gentlewoman_n that_o the_o wind_n be_v south-west_n and_o the_o wether_n lour_a and_o like_a to_o rain_v and_o she_o will_v easy_o understand_v it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o she_o to_o go_v abroad_o thin_a clad_v in_o such_o a_o day_n after_o a_o fever_n she_o clear_o see_v the_o probable_a connexion_n of_o all_o these_o viz._n south-west-wind_n and_o cloud_n rain_n wet_n take_v cold_a relapse_n and_o danger_n of_o death_n without_o tie_v they_o together_o in_o those_o artificial_a and_o cumbersome_a fetter_n of_o several_a syllogism_n that_o clog_n and_o hinder_v the_o mind_n which_o proceed_v from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o quick_a and_o clear_a without_o they_o and_o the_o probability_n which_o she_o easy_o perceive_v in_o thing_n thus_o in_o their_o native_a state_n will_v be_v quite_o lose_v if_o this_o argument_n be_v manage_v learned_o and_o propose_v in_o mode_n and_o figure_n for_o it_o very_o often_o confound_v the_o connexion_n and_o i_o think_v every_o one_o will_v perceive_v in_o mathematical_a demonstration_n that_o the_o knowledge_n gain_v thereby_o come_v short_a and_o clear_a without_o syllogism_n second_o because_o though_o syllogism_n serve_v to_o show_v the_o force_n or_o fallacy_n of_o a_o argument_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o discourse_v by_o supply_v the_o absent_a proposition_n and_o so_o set_v it_o before_o the_o view_n in_o a_o clear_a light_n yet_o it_o no_o less_o engage_v the_o mind_n in_o the_o perplexity_n of_o obscure_a equivocal_a and_o fallacious_a term_n wherewith_o this_o artificial_a way_n of_o reason_v always_o abound_v it_o be_v adapt_v more_o to_o the_o attain_n of_o victory_n in_o dispute_n than_o the_o discovery_n or_o confirmation_n of_o truth_n in_o fair_a inquiry_n §_o 5._o but_o however_o it_o be_v in_o knowledge_n i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o say_v it_o be_v of_o far_o less_o or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o probability_n for_o the_o assent_n there_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o preponderancy_n after_o a_o due_a weigh_v of_o all_o the_o proof_n with_o all_o circumstance_n on_o both_o side_n nothing_o be_v so_o unfit_a to_o assist_v the_o mind_n in_o that_o as_o syllogism_n which_o run_v away_o with_o one_o assume_v probability_n or_o one_o topical_a argument_n pursue_v that_o till_o it_o have_v lead_v the_o mind_n quite_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o the_o thing_n under_o consideration_n and_o force_v it_o upon_o some_o remote_a difficulty_n hold_v it_o fast_o there_o entangle_v perhaps_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manacle_v in_o the_o chain_n of_o syllogism_n without_o allow_v it_o the_o liberty_n much_o less_o afford_v it_o the_o help_v requisite_a to_o show_v on_o which_o side_n all_o thing_n consider_v be_v the_o great_a probability_n §_o 6._o but_o let_v it_o help_v we_o as_o perhaps_o may_v be_v say_v in_o convince_a man_n of_o their_o error_n or_o mistake_v and_o yet_o i_o will_v fain_o see_v the_o man_n that_o be_v force_v out_o of_o his_o opinion_n by_o dint_n of_o syllogism_n yet_o still_o it_o fail_v our_o
take_v from_o the_o bulk_n or_o motion_n of_o body_n 8._o they_o belong_v to_o all_o beingsâ—_n 9_o all_o the_o part_n of_o extension_n be_v extension_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o duration_n be_v duration_n 10._o their_o part_n inseparable_a 11._o duration_n be_v as_o a_o line_n expansion_n as_o a_o solid_a 12._o duration_n have_v never_o two_o part_n together_o expansion_n altogether_o chap._n xvi_o of_o number_n sect_n 1._o number_v the_o simple_a and_o most_o universal_a idea_n 2._o it_o be_v modes_n make_v by_o addition_n 3._o each_o mode_n distinct_a 4._o therefore_o demonstration_n in_o number_n the_o most_o precise_a 5_o 6._o name_n necessary_a to_o number_n 7._o why_o child_n number_v not_o early_o 8._o number_n measure_v all_o measurable_n chap._n xvii_o of_o infinity_o sect_n 1._o infinity_o in_o its_o original_a intention_n attribute_v to_o space_n duration_n and_o number_n 2_o 3._o how_o we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o infinity_o 4._o our_o idea_n of_o space_n boundless_a 5._o and_o so_o of_o duration_n 6._o why_o other_o idea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o infinity_o 7._o difference_n between_o infinity_n of_o space_n and_o space_n infinite_a 8._o we_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o infinite_a space_n 9_o number_n afford_v we_o the_o clear_a idea_n of_o infinity_o 10_o 11._o our_o different_a conception_n of_o the_o infinity_o of_o number_n duration_n and_o expansion_n 12._o infinite_a divisibility_n 13_o 14_o 17_o 18._o no_o positive_a idea_n of_o infinite_a 15_o 16_o 19_o what_o be_v positive_a what_o negative_a in_o our_o idea_n of_o infinite_a 20._o some_o think_v they_o have_v a_o positive_a idea_n of_o eternity_n and_o not_o space_n 21._o suppose_a positive_a idea_n of_o infinity_o cause_n of_o mistake_v 22._o all_o these_o idea_n from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n chap._n xviii_o of_o other_o simple_a modes_n sect_n 1_o 2._o modes_n of_o motion_n 3._o modes_n of_o sound_n 5._o modes_n of_o taste_n 7._o modes_n of_o colour_n 8._o why_o some_o modes_n have_v and_o other_o have_v not_o name_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o modes_n of_o think_v sect_n 1_o 2._o sensation_n remembrance_n contemplation_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o various_a attention_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o think_v 4._o hence_o probable_a that_o think_v be_v the_o action_n not_o essence_n of_o the_o soul_n chap._n xx._n of_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n sect_n 1._o pleasure_n and_o pain_n simple_a idea_n 2._o good_a and_o evil_a what_o 3._o our_o passion_n move_v by_o good_a and_o evil._n 4._o love_n 5._o hatred_n 6._o desire_n 7._o joy._n 8._o sorrow_n 9_o hope_n 10._o fear_n 11._o despair_n 12._o anger_n 13._o envy_n 14._o what_o passion_n all_o man_n have_v 15_o 16._o pleasure_n and_o pain_n what_o 17._o shame_n 18._o these_o instance_n to_o show_v how_o our_o idea_n of_o the_o passion_n be_v get_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n châ—p_n xxi_o of_o power_n sect_n 1._o this_o idea_n how_o get_v 2._o power_n active_a and_o passive_a 3._o power_n include_v relation_n 4._o the_o clear_a idea_n of_o active_a power_n have_v from_o spirit_n 5._o will_n and_o understanding_n two_o power_n 6._o faculty_n 7._o whence_o the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n 8_o 12._o liberty_n what_o 9_o suppose_n the_o understanding_n and_o will._n 10._o belong_v not_o to_o volition_n 11._o voluntary_a oppose_v to_o involuntary_a not_o to_o necessary_a 13._o necessity_n what_o 14_o 20._o liberty_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o will._n 21._o but_o to_o the_o agent_n or_o man._n 22_o 24._o in_o respect_n of_o willing_a a_o man_n be_v not_o free_a 25_o 28._o the_o will_v determine_v by_o something_o without_o it_o 29._o the_o great_a apparent_a good_n determine_v the_o will._n 30_o 32._o this_o be_v a_o perfection_n of_o (null)_o nature_n 33._o and_o take_v not_o away_o liberty_n 34_o 35._o why_o man_n choose_v different_o 36._o why_o they_o choose_v amiss_o 38._o from_o the_o different_a appearance_n of_o good_n 39_o and_o judge_v amiss_o on_o these_o appearance_n 40_o 42._o first_o in_o compare_v present_a and_o future_a 43._o second_o in_o think_v wrong_n of_o the_o greatness_n or_o certainty_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o any_o action_n 44._o cause_n of_o wrong_a judgement_n ignorance_n inadvertency_n sloth_n passion_n fashion_n etc._n etc._n 45._o preference_n of_o vice_n to_o virtue_n a_o manifest_a wrong_a judgement_n 47._o recapitulation_n chap._n xxii_o of_o mix_a modes_n sect_n 1._o mix_v modes_n what_o 2._o make_a by_o the_o mind_n 3._o sometime_o get_v by_o the_o explication_n of_o their_o name_n 4._o the_o name_n tie_v the_o part_n of_o the_o mix_a modes_n into_o one_o idea_n 5._o the_o cause_n of_o make_v mix_v modes_n 6._o why_o word_n in_o one_o language_n have_v none_o answer_v in_o another_o 7._o and_o language_n change_v 8._o mix_v modes_n where_o they_o exist_v 9_o how_o we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n 10._o motion_n think_v and_o power_n have_v be_v most_o modify_v 11._o several_a word_n seem_v to_o signify_v action_n signify_v but_o the_o effect_n 12._o mix_v modes_n make_v also_o of_o other_o idea_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n sect_n 1._o idea_n of_o substance_n how_o make_v 2._o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n 3_o 6._o of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n 4._o no_o clear_a idea_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n 5._o as_o clear_v a_o idea_n of_o spirit_n as_o body_n 7._o power_n a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n 8._o and_o why_o 9_o three_o sort_n of_o idea_n make_v our_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o sustances_n 10_o 11._o the_o now_o secondary_a quality_n of_o body_n will_v disappear_v if_o we_o can_v discover_v the_o primary_n one_o of_o their_o minute_n part_n 12._o our_o faculty_n of_o discovery_n suit_v to_o our_o state_n 13._o conjecture_n about_o spirit_n 14._o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n 15._o idea_n of_o spiritual_a substance_n as_o clear_a as_o of_o bodily_a substance_n 16._o no_o idea_n of_o abstract_n substance_n 17._o the_o cohesion_n of_o solid_a part_n and_o impulse_n the_o primary_n idea_n of_o body_n 18._o think_v and_o motivity_n the_o primary_n idea_n of_o spirit_n 19_o 21._o spirit_n capable_a of_o motion_n 22._o idea_n of_o soul_n and_o body_n compare_v 23_o 27._o cohesion_n of_o solid_a part_n in_o body_n as_o hard_o to_o be_v conceive_v as_o think_v in_o a_o soul_n 28_o 29._o communication_n of_o motion_n by_o impulse_n or_o by_o thought_n equal_o intelligible_a 30._o idea_n of_o body_n and_o spirit_n compare_v 31._o the_o notion_n of_o spirit_n involve_v no_o more_o difficulty_n in_o it_o than_o that_o of_o body_n 32._o we_o know_v nothing_o beyond_o our_o simple_a idea_n 33_o 35._o idea_n of_o god_n 36._o no_o idea_n in_o our_o complex_n one_o of_o spirit_n but_o those_o get_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n 37._o recapitulation_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n sect_n 1._o one_o idea_n 2._o make_a by_o the_o power_n of_o compose_v in_o the_o mind_n 3._o all_o artificial_a thing_n be_v collective_a idea_n chap._n xxv_o of_o relation_n sect_n 1._o relation_n what_o 2._o relation_n without_o correlative_a term_n not_o easy_o perceive_v 3._o some_z seem_o absolute_a term_n contain_v relation_n 4._o relation_n different_a from_o the_o thing_n relate_v 5._o change_v of_o relation_n may_v be_v without_o any_o change_n in_o the_o subject_a 6._o relation_n only_o betwixt_o two_o thing_n 7._o all_o thing_n capable_a of_o relation_n 8._o the_o idea_n of_o relation_n clear_a often_o than_o of_o the_o subject_n relate_v 9_o relation_n all_o terminate_v in_o simple_a idea_n 10._o term_n lead_v the_o mind_n beyond_o the_o subject_a denominate_v be_v relative_n 11._o conclusion_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o cause_n of_o effect_n and_o other_o relation_n sect_n 1._o whence_o their_o idea_n get_v 2._o creation_n generation_n make_v alteration_n 3_o 4._o relation_n of_o time_n 5._o relation_n of_o place_n and_o extension_n 6._o absolute_a term_n often_o stand_v for_o relation_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o other_o relation_n sect_n 1._o proportional_a 2._o natural_a 3._o institute_v 4._o moral_a 5._o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n 6._o moral_a rule_n 7._o law_n 8._o divine_a law_n the_o measure_n of_o sin_n and_o duty_n 9_o civil_a law_n the_o measure_n of_o crime_n and_o innocence_n 10_o 11._o philosophical_a law_n the_o measure_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n 12._o its_o enforcement_n commendation_n and_o discredit_v 13._o these_o three_o law_n the_o rule_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n 14_o 15._o morality_n be_v the_o relation_n of_o action_n to_o these_o rule_n 16._o the_o denomination_n of_o action_n often_o mislead_v we_o 17._o relation_n innumerable_a 18._o all_o relation_n terminate_v in_o simple_a idea_n 19_o we_o have_v ordinary_a as_o clear_v or_o clear_a notion_n of_o the_o relation_n as_o of_o its_o foundation_n 20._o the_o notion_n of_o
for_o what_o have_v escape_v it_o because_o it_o be_v unknown_a thus_o he_o who_o have_v raise_v himself_o above_o the_o almsbasket_n and_o not_o content_a to_o live_v lazy_o on_o scrap_n of_o beg_v opinion_n set_v his_o own_o thought_n on_o work_n to_o find_v and_o follow_v truth_n will_v whatever_o he_o light_v on_o not_o miss_v the_o hunter_n satisfaction_n every_o moment_n of_o his_o pursuit_n will_v reward_v his_o pain_n with_o some_o delight_n and_o he_o will_v have_v reason_n to_o think_v his_o time_n not_o ill_o spend_v even_o when_o he_o can_v much_o boast_v of_o any_o great_a acquisition_n this_o reader_n be_v the_o entertainment_n of_o those_o who_o let_v loose_v their_o own_o thought_n and_o follow_v they_o in_o writing_n which_o thou_o ought_v not_o to_o envy_v they_o since_o they_o afford_v thou_o a_o opportunity_n of_o the_o like_a diversion_n if_o thou_o will_v make_v use_n of_o thy_o own_o thought_n in_o read_v it_o be_v to_o they_o if_o they_o be_v thy_o own_o that_o i_o refer_v myself_o but_o if_o they_o be_v take_v upon_o trust_n from_o other_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n what_o they_o be_v they_o not_o follow_v truth_n but_o some_o mean_a consideration_n and_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a while_n to_o be_v concern_v what_o he_o say_v or_o think_v who_o say_v or_o think_v only_o as_o he_o be_v direct_v by_o another_o if_o thou_o judge_v for_o thyself_o i_o know_v thou_o will_v judge_v candid_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v harm_v or_o offend_v whatever_o be_v thy_o censure_n for_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o treatise_n of_o who_o truth_n i_o be_o not_o persuade_v yet_o i_o consider_v myself_o as_o liable_a to_o mistake_v as_o i_o can_v think_v thou_o and_o know_v that_o this_o book_n must_v stand_v or_o fall_v with_o thou_o not_o by_o any_o opinion_n i_o have_v of_o it_o but_o thy_o own_o if_o thou_o find_v little_a in_o it_o new_a or_o instructive_a to_o thou_o thou_o be_v not_o to_o blame_v i_o for_o it_o it_o be_v not_o mean_v for_o those_o that_o have_v already_o master_v this_o subject_a and_o make_v a_o through_o acquaintance_n with_o their_o own_o understanding_n but_o for_o my_o own_o information_n and_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o a_o few_o friend_n who_o acknowledge_v themselves_o not_o to_o have_v sufficient_o consider_v it_o be_v it_o fit_a to_o trouble_v thou_o with_o the_o history_n of_o this_o essay_n i_o shall_v tell_v thou_o that_o five_o or_o six_o friend_n meet_v at_o my_o chamber_n and_o discourse_v on_o a_o subject_a very_o remote_a from_o this_o find_v themselves_o quick_o at_o a_o stand_n by_o the_o difficulty_n that_o rise_v on_o every_o side_n after_o we_o have_v a_o while_n puzzle_v ourselves_o without_o come_v any_o near_a a_o resolution_n of_o those_o doubt_n which_o perplex_v we_o it_o come_v into_o my_o thought_n that_o we_o take_v a_o wrong_a course_n and_o that_o before_o we_o set_v ourselves_o upon_o inquiry_n of_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v 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ult_n right_o 162_o 9_o particular_a species_n 170_o 38_o idea_n so_o which_o 171_o 26_o quality_n in_o 174_o 41_o not_o their_o 178_o 44_o use_n stand_v 179_o 12_o name_n 15_o name_n 187_o 32_o conception_n 188_o 47_o they_o do_v 204_o 21_o other_o murder_n 209_o 16_o burg_n from_o 42_o no_o more_o 44_o the_o name_n 212_o 53_o ing_n 213_o 3_o self_n to_o they_o in_o 7_o which_o we_o ult_v no_o distinct_a 221_o 17_o number_n 224_o 46_o other_o to_o their_o receive_v 227_o 45_o they_o but_o man_n 230_o 5_o idea_n to_o be_v 38_o of_o mistake_a pretender_n 232_o 27_o communication_n it_o be_v 233_o 2_o they_o what_o 234_o 19_o of_o those_o 237_o 49_o observe_v several_a property_n 240_o 8_o in_o this_o way_n 241_o 46_o of_o the_o world_n 242_o 35_o subtlety_n 243_o 30_o subtlety_n 248_o 5_o use_v they_o in_o 271_o 3_o diversity_n in_o this_o way_n of_o 20_o not_o know_v what_o other_o 272_o 7_o quality_n 30_o so_o few_o 275_o 3_o cation_n always_o and_o in_o think_v often_o do_v not_o 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whole_o misemploy_v myself_o in_o the_o thought_n i_o shall_v have_v on_o this_o occasion_n if_o in_o this_o historical_a plain_a method_n i_o can_v give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o way_n whereby_o our_o understanding_n come_v to_o attain_v those_o notion_n of_o thing_n we_o have_v and_o can_v set_v down_o any_o measure_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o the_o ground_n of_o those_o persuasion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o man_n so_o various_a different_a and_o whole_o contradictory_n and_o yet_o assert_v some_o where_o or_o other_o with_o such_o assurance_n and_o confidence_n that_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o mankind_n observe_v their_o opposition_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n consider_v the_o fondness_n and_o devotion_n wherewith_o they_o be_v embrace_v the_o resolution_n and_o eagerness_n wherewith_o they_o be_v maintain_v may_v perhaps_o have_v reason_n to_o suspect_v that_o either_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o truth_n at_o all_o or_o that_o mankind_n have_v no_o sufficient_a mean_n to_o attain_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o it_o §_o 3._o it_o be_v therefore_o worth_a while_n to_o search_v out_o the_o bound_n between_o opinion_n and_o knowledge_n and_o examine_v by_o what_o measure_n in_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n we_o ought_v to_o regulate_v our_o assent_n and_o moderate_v our_o persuasion_n in_o order_n whereunto_o i_o shall_v pursue_v this_o follow_a method_n first_o i_o shall_v inquire_v into_o the_o original_a of_o those_o idea_n notion_n or_o whatever_o else_o you_o please_v to_o call_v they_o which_o a_o man_n observe_v and_o be_v conscious_a to_o himself_o he_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o the_o way_n whereby_o the_o understanding_n come_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o they_o second_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v what_o knowledge_n the_o understanding_n have_v by_o those_o idea_n and_o the_o certainty_n evidence_n and_o extent_n of_o it_o three_o i_o shall_v make_v some_o enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n and_o ground_n of_o faith_n or_o opinion_n whereby_o i_o mean_v that_o assent_n which_o we_o give_v to_o any_o proposition_n as_o true_a of_o who_o truth_n yet_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o here_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n and_o degree_n of_o assent_n §_o 4._o if_o by_o this_o enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o understanding_n i_o can_v discover_v the_o power_n thereof_o at_o how_o far_o they_o reach_v to_o which_o thing_n they_o be_v in_o any_o degree_n proportionate_a and_o where_o they_o fail_v we_o i_o suppose_v it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o prevail_v with_o the_o busy_a mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v more_o cautious_a in_o meddle_v with_o thing_n exceed_v its_o comprehension_n to_o stop_v when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o its_o tether_n and_o to_o sit_v down_o in_o a_o quiet_a ignorance_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o upon_o 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knowledge_n may_v come_v of_o a_o universal_a or_o perfect_a comprehension_n of_o whatsoever_o be_v it_o yet_o secure_v their_o great_a concernment_n that_o they_o have_v light_n enough_o to_o lead_v they_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o maker_n and_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o own_o duty_n man_n may_v find_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o busy_v their_o head_n and_o employ_v their_o hand_n with_o variety_n delight_n and_o satisfaction_n if_o they_o will_v not_o bold_o quarrel_v with_o their_o own_o constitution_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o blessing_n their_o hand_n be_v fill_v with_o because_o they_o be_v not_o big_a enough_o to_o grasp_v every_o thing_n we_o shall_v not_o have_v much_o reason_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o our_o mind_n if_o we_o will_v but_o employ_v they_o about_o what_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o for_o of_o that_o they_o be_v very_o capable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o unpardonable_a as_o well_o as_o childish_a peevishness_n if_o we_o undervalue_v the_o advantage_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o neglect_v to_o improve_v it_o to_o the_o end_n for_o which_o be_v be_v give_v we_o because_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v set_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o it_o will_v be_v no_o excuse_n to_o a_o idle_a and_o untoward_a servant_n who_o will_v not_o attend_v his_o business_n by_o candle-light_n to_o plead_v that_o he_o have_v not_o broad_a sunshine_n the_o candle_n that_o be_v set_v up_o in_o we_o shine_v bright_a enough_o for_o all_o our_o purpose_n the_o discovery_n we_o can_v make_v with_o this_o aught_o to_o satisfy_v we_o and_o we_o shall_v then_o use_v our_o understanding_n right_a when_o we_o entertain_v all_o object_n in_o that_o way_n and_o proportion_n that_o they_o be_v suit_v to_o our_o faculty_n and_o upon_o those_o ground_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v propose_v to_o we_o and_o not_o peremptory_o or_o intemperate_o require_v demonstration_n and_o demand_v certainty_n where_o probability_n only_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o govern_v all_o our_o concernment_n if_o we_o will_v disbelieve_v every_o thing_n because_o we_o can_v certain_o know_v all_o thing_n we_o shall_v do_v muchwhat_a as_o wise_o as_o he_o who_o will_v not_o use_v his_o leg_n but_o sit_v still_o and_o perish_v because_o he_o have_v no_o wing_n to_o fly_v §_o 6._o when_o we_o know_v our_o own_o strength_n we_o shall_v the_o better_o know_v what_o to_o undertake_v with_o hope_n of_o success_n and_o when_o we_o have_v well_o survey_v the_o power_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o make_v some_o estimate_n what_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o they_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v incline_v either_o to_o sit_v still_o and_o not_o set_v our_o thought_n on_o work_n at_o all_o in_o despair_n of_o know_v any_o thing_n nor_o on_o the_o other_o side_n question_v every_o thing_n and_o disclaim_v all_o knowledge_n because_o some_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o sallor_fw-la to_o know_v the_o length_n of_o his_o line_n though_o he_o can_v with_o it_o fathom_v all_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o be_v well_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v long_o enough_o to_o reach_v the_o bottom_n at_o such_o place_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o direct_v his_o voyage_n and_o caution_n he_o against_o run_v upon_o shoal_n that_o may_v ruin_v he_o our_o business_n here_o be_v not_o to_o know_v all_o thing_n but_o those_o which_o concern_v our_o conduct_n if_o we_o can_v find_v out_o those_o measure_n whereby_o a_o rational_a creature_n put_v in_o that_o state_n which_o man_n be_v in_o in_o this_o world_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o govern_v his_o opinion_n and_o action_n depend_v thereon_o we_o need_v not_o be_v trouble_v that_o some_o other_o thing_n escape_v our_o knowledge_n §_o 7._o this_o be_v that_o which_o give_v the_o first_o rise_v to_o this_o essay_n concern_v the_o understanding_n for_o i_o think_v that_o the_o first_o step_v towards_o satisfy_v several_a inquiry_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o run_v into_o be_v to_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o our_o own_o understanding_n examine_v our_o own_o power_n and_o see_v to_o what_o thing_n they_o be_v adapt_v till_o that_o be_v do_v i_o suspect_v we_o begin_v at_o the_o wrong_a end_n and_o in_o vain_a seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o a_o quiet_a and_o secure_a possession_n of_o truth_n that_o most_o concern_v we_o whilst_o we_o let_v loose_v our_o thought_n into_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o be_v as_o if_o all_o that_o boundless_a extent_n be_v the_o natural_a and_o undoubted_a possession_n of_o our_o understanding_n wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o exempt_a from_o its_o decision_n or_o that_o escape_v its_o comprehension_n thus_o man_n extend_v their_o inquiry_n beyond_o their_o capacity_n and_o let_v their_o thought_n wander_v into_o those_o depth_n where_o they_o can_v find_v no_o sure_a foot_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o raise_v question_n and_o multiply_v dispute_n which_o never_o come_v to_o any_o clear_a resolution_n be_v proper_a only_o to_o continue_v and_o increase_v their_o doubt_n and_o to_o confirm_v they_o at_o last_o in_o perfect_a scepticism_n whereas_o be_v the_o capacity_n of_o our_o understanding_n well_o consider_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n once_o discover_v and_o the_o horizon_n find_v which_o set_v the_o bound_n between_o the_o enlighten_v and_o dark_a part_n of_o thing_n between_o what_o be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o comprehensible_a by_o we_o man_n will_v perhaps_o with_o less_o scruple_n acquiesce_v in_o the_o avow_v ignorance_n of_o the_o one_o and_o employ_v their_o thought_n and_o discourse_n with_o more_o advantage_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o other_o §_o 8._o thus_o much_o i_o think_v necessary_a to_o say_v concern_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o enquiry_n into_o (null)_o understanding_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v on_o to_o what_o i_o have_v think_v on_o this_o subject_a i_o must_v here_o in_o the_o entrance_n beg_v pardon_n of_o my_o reader_n for_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o the_o word_n idea_n which_o he_o will_v find_v in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n it_o be_v that_o term_n which_o i_o think_v serve_v best_a to_o stand_v for_o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o understanding_n when_o a_o man_n think_v i_o have_v use_v it_o to_o express_v whatever_o be_v mean_v by_o phantasm_n notion_n species_n or_o whatever_o it_o be_v which_o the_o mind_n can_v be_v employ_v about_o in_o think_v and_o i_o can_v not_o avoid_v frequent_o use_v it_o i_o presume_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v i_o that_o there_o be_v such_o idea_n in_o man_n mind_n every_o one_o be_v conscious_a of_o they_o in_o himself_o and_o a_o man_n word_n and_o action_n will_v satisfy_v he_o that_o they_o be_v in_o other_o our_o first_o enquiry_n then_o shall_v be_v how_o they_o come_v into_o the_o mind_n chap._n ii_o no_o innate_a principle_n in_o the_o mind_n §_o 1._o it_o be_v a_o establish_a opinion_n among_o some_o man_n that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n certain_a innate_a principle_n some_o primary_n notion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d character_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n which_o the_o soul_n receive_v in_o its_o very_a first_o be_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o it_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v unprejudiced_a reader_n of_o the_o falseness_n of_o this_o supposition_n if_o i_o shall_v only_o show_v as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o follow_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n how_o man_n bare_o by_o the_o use_n of_o their_o natural_a faculty_n may_v attain_v to_o all_o the_o knowledge_n they_o have_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o innate_a impression_n and_o may_v arrive_v at_o certainty_n without_o any_o such_o original_a notion_n or_o principle_n for_o i_o imagine_v any_o one_o will_v easy_o grant_v that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o suppose_v the_o idea_n of_o colour_n innate_a in_o a_o creature_n to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v sight_n and_o a_o power_n to_o receive_v they_o by_o the_o eye_n from_o external_a object_n and_o no_o less_o unreasonable_a will_v it_o be_v to_o attribute_v several_a truth_n to_o the_o impression_n of_o nature_n and_o innate_a character_n when_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o ourselves_o faculty_n fit_a to_o attain_v as_o easy_a and_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o they_o as_o if_o they_o be_v original_o imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n but_o because_o a_o man_n be_v not_o permit_v without_o censure_n to_o follow_v his_o own_o thought_n in_o the_o search_n of_o truth_n when_o they_o lead_v he_o ever_o so_o little_o out_o of_o the_o common_a road_n i_o shall_v set_v down_o the_o reason_n that_o make_v i_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o opinion_n as_o a_o excuse_n for_o my_o mistake_n if_o
body_n any_o more_o stick_n at_o than_o at_o that_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a that_o a_o square_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n that_o yellowness_n be_v not_o sweetness_n these_o and_o a_o million_o of_o other_o such_o proposition_n as_o many_o at_o least_o as_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n every_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n at_o first_o hear_v and_o know_v what_o the_o name_n stand_v for_o must_v necessary_o assent_v to_o if_o then_o these_o man_n will_v be_v true_a to_o their_o own_o rule_n and_o have_v assent_v at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n to_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o innate_a they_o must_v allow_v not_o only_o as_o many_o innate_a proposition_n as_o man_n have_v distinct_a idea_n but_o as_o many_o as_o man_n can_v make_v proposition_n wherein_o different_a idea_n be_v deny_v one_o of_o another_o since_o every_o proposition_n wherein_o one_o different_a idea_n be_v deny_v of_o another_o will_v as_o certain_o find_v assent_n at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n as_o this_o general_a one_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v or_o that_o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o and_o be_v the_o easy_a understand_v of_o the_o two_o the_o same_o be_v not_o different_a by_o which_o account_n they_o will_v have_v legion_n of_o innate_a proposition_n of_o this_o one_o sort_n without_o mention_v any_o other_o but_o since_o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v innate_a unless_o the_o idea_n about_o which_o it_o be_v be_v innate_a this_o will_v be_v to_o suppose_v all_o our_o idea_n of_o colour_n sound_n taste_n figure_n etc._n etc._n innate_a than_o which_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n more_o opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n universal_a and_o ready_a assent_n upon_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n be_v i_o grant_v a_o mark_n of_o self-evidence_n but_o self-evidence_n depend_v not_o on_o innate_a impression_n but_o on_o something_o else_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o belong_v to_o several_a proposition_n which_o no_o body_n be_v yet_o so_o extravagant_a as_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v innate_a §_o 19_o nor_o let_v it_o be_v say_v that_o those_o more_o particular_a self-evident_a proposition_n which_o be_v assent_v to_o at_o first_o hear_v as_o that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o that_o green_n be_v not_o red_a etc._n etc._n be_v receive_v as_o the_o consequence_n of_o those_o more_o universal_a proposition_n which_o be_v look_v on_o as_o innate_a principle_n since_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v what_o pass_v in_o the_o understanding_n will_v certain_o find_v that_o these_o and_o the_o like_a less_o general_a proposition_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o firm_o assent_v to_o by_o those_o who_o be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o those_o more_o general_a maxim_n and_o so_o be_v early_o in_o the_o mind_n than_o those_o as_o they_o be_v call_v first_o principle_n can_v owe_v to_o they_o the_o assent_n wherewith_o they_o be_v receive_v at_o first_o hear_v §_o 20._o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o these_o proposition_n viz._n two_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o four_o red_a be_v not_o blue_a etc._n etc._n be_v not_o general_a maxim_n nor_o of_o any_o great_a use_n i_o answer_v that_o make_v nothing_o to_o the_o argument_n of_o universal_a assent_n upon_o hear_v and_o understand_v for_o if_o that_o be_v the_o certain_a mark_n of_o innate_a whatever_o proposition_n can_v be_v find_v that_o receive_v general_a assent_n as_o soon_o as_o hear_v and_o understand_v that_o must_v be_v admit_v for_o a_o innate_a proposition_n as_o well_o as_o this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v they_o be_v upon_o this_o ground_n equal_a and_o as_o to_o the_o difference_n of_o be_v more_o general_a that_o make_v this_o maxim_n more_o remote_a from_o be_v innate_a those_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n be_v more_o stranger_n to_o our_o first_o apprehension_n than_o those_o of_o more_o particular_a self-evident_a proposition_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v long_a before_o they_o be_v admit_v and_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o grow_a understanding_n and_o as_o to_o the_o usefulness_n of_o these_o magnify_a maxim_n that_o perhaps_o will_v not_o be_v find_v so_o great_a as_o be_v general_o conceive_v when_o it_o come_v in_o its_o due_a place_n to_o be_v more_o full_o consider_v §_o 21._o but_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o do_v with_o assent_v to_o proposition_n at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v their_o term_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o first_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o instead_o of_o be_v a_o mark_n that_o they_o be_v innate_a be_v a_o proof_n of_o the_o contrary_a since_o it_o suppose_v that_o several_a who_o understand_v and_o know_v other_o thing_n be_v ignorant_a of_o these_o principle_n till_o they_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o and_o that_o one_o may_v be_v unacquainted_a with_o these_o truth_n till_o he_o hear_v they_o from_o other_o for_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a what_o need_v they_o be_v propose_v in_o order_n to_o gain_v assent_n when_o by_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n by_o a_o natural_a and_o original_a impression_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o they_o can_v not_o but_o be_v know_v before_o or_o do_v the_o propose_v they_o print_v they_o clear_a in_o the_o mind_n than_o nature_n do_v if_o so_o than_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o a_o man_n know_v they_o better_o after_o he_o have_v be_v thus_o teach_v they_o than_o he_o do_v before_o whence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o these_o principle_n may_v be_v make_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o by_o other_o teach_n than_o nature_n have_v make_v they_o by_o impression_n which_o will_v ill_o agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o innate_a principle_n and_o give_v but_o little_a authority_n to_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a make_v they_o unfit_a to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n as_o they_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v this_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o man_n grow_v first_o acquaint_v with_o many_o of_o these_o self-evident_a truth_n upon_o their_o be_v propose_v but_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o whosoever_o do_v so_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o he_o than_o begin_v to_o know_v a_o proposition_n which_o he_o know_v not_o before_o and_o which_o from_o thenceforth_o he_o never_o question_n not_o because_o it_o be_v innate_a but_o because_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o word_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o think_v otherwise_o how_o or_o whensoever_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o reflect_v on_o they_o §_o 22._o if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o understanding_n have_v a_o implicit_a knowledge_n of_o these_o principle_n but_o not_o a_o explicit_a before_o this_o first_o hear_n as_o they_o must_v who_o will_v say_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n before_o they_o be_v know_v it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o conceive_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o principle_n imprint_v on_o the_o understanding_n implicit_o unless_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o understanding_n and_o assent_v firm_o to_o such_o proposition_n and_o thus_o all_o mathematical_a demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v receive_v as_o native_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n which_o i_o fear_v they_o will_v scarce_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v who_o find_v it_o hard_a to_o demonstrate_v a_o proposition_n than_o assent_n to_o it_o when_o demonstrate_v and_o few_o mathematician_n will_v be_v forward_o to_o believe_v that_o all_o the_o diagram_n they_o have_v draw_v be_v but_o copy_n of_o those_o innate_a character_n which_o nature_n have_v engrave_v upon_o their_o mind_n §_o 23._o there_o be_v i_o fear_v this_o far_a weakness_n in_o the_o forego_n argument_n which_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o therefore_o those_o maxim_n be_v to_o be_v think_v innate_a which_o man_n admit_v at_o first_o hear_v because_o they_o assent_v to_o proposition_n which_o they_o be_v not_o teach_v nor_o do_v receive_v from_o the_o force_n of_o any_o argument_n or_o demonstration_n but_o a_o bare_a explication_n or_o understanding_n of_o the_o term_n under_o which_o there_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o lie_v this_o fallacy_n that_o man_n and_o suppose_v not_o to_o be_v teach_v nor_o to_o learn_v any_o thing_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la when_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v teach_v and_o do_v learn_v something_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o before_o for_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o have_v learn_v the_o term_n and_o their_o signification_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v bear_v with_o they_o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o acquire_v knowledge_n in_o the_o case_n the_o idea_n themselves_o about_o which_o the_o proposition_n be_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o
they_o no_o more_o than_o their_o name_n but_o get_v afterward_o so_o that_o in_o all_o proposition_n that_o be_v assent_v to_o at_o first_o hear_v the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n their_o stand_n for_o such_o idea_n and_o the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o they_o stand_v for_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o innate_a i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o there_o be_v remain_v in_o such_o proposition_n that_o be_v innate_a for_o i_o will_v glad_o have_v any_o one_o name_n that_o proposition_n who_o term_n or_o idea_n be_v either_o of_o they_o innate_a we_o by_o degree_n get_v idea_n and_o name_n and_o learn_v their_o appropriate_v connection_n one_o with_o another_o and_o then_o to_o proposition_n make_v in_o such_o term_n who_o signification_n we_o have_v learn_v and_o wherein_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o can_v perceive_v in_o our_o idea_n when_o put_v together_o be_v express_v we_o at_o first_o hear_v assent_n though_o to_o other_o proposition_n in_o themselves_o as_o certain_a and_o evident_a but_o which_o be_v concern_v idea_n not_o so_o soon_o nor_o easy_o get_v we_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o way_n capable_a of_o assent_v for_o though_o a_o child_n quick_o assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o a_o apple_n be_v not_o fire_n when_o by_o familiar_a acquaintance_n he_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o those_o two_o different_a thing_n distinct_o imprint_v on_o his_o mind_n and_o have_v learn_v that_o the_o name_n apple_n and_o fire_n stand_v for_o they_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v some_o year_n after_o perhaps_o before_o the_o same_o child_n will_v assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v because_o that_o though_o perhaps_o the_o word_n be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v learn_v yet_o the_o signification_n of_o they_o be_v more_o large_a comprehensive_a and_o abstract_n than_o of_o the_o name_n annex_v to_o those_o sensible_a thing_n the_o child_n have_v to_o do_v with_o it_o be_v long_o before_o he_o learn_v their_o precise_a meaning_n and_o it_o require_v more_o time_n plain_o to_o form_v in_o his_o mind_n those_o general_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o till_o that_o be_v do_v you_o will_v in_o vain_a endeavour_n to_o make_v any_o child_n assent_n to_o a_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o general_a term_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o have_v get_v those_o idea_n and_o learn_v their_o name_n he_o forward_o close_v with_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o forementioned_a proposition_n and_o with_o both_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n viz._n because_o he_o find_v the_o idea_n he_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v according_a as_o the_o word_n stand_v for_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o in_o the_o proposition_n but_o if_o proposition_n be_v bring_v to_o he_o in_o word_n which_o stand_v for_o idea_n he_o have_v not_o yet_o in_o his_o mind_n to_o such_o proposition_n however_o evident_o true_a or_o false_a in_o themselves_o he_o afford_v neither_o assent_n nor_o dissent_n but_o be_v ignorant_a for_o word_n be_v but_o empty_a sound_n any_o far_a than_o they_o be_v sign_n of_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v but_o assent_v to_o they_o as_o they_o correspond_v to_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v but_o no_o far_o than_o that_o but_o the_o show_v by_o what_o step_v and_o way_n knowledge_n come_v into_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o ground_n of_o several_a degree_n of_o assent_n be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v only_o touch_v on_o it_o here_o as_o one_o reason_n that_o make_v i_o doubt_v of_o those_o innate_a principle_n §_o 24._o to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n of_o universal_a consent_n i_o agree_v with_o these_o defender_n of_o innate_a principle_n that_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o have_v universal_a assent_n for_o that_o a_o truth_n shall_v be_v innate_a and_o yet_o not_o assent_v to_o be_v to_o i_o as_o unintelligible_a as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o know_v a_o truth_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o then_o by_o these_o man_n own_o confession_n they_o can_v be_v innate_a since_o they_o be_v not_o assent_v to_o by_o those_o who_o understand_v not_o the_o term_n nor_o by_o a_o great_a part_n of_o those_o who_o do_v understand_v they_o but_o have_v yet_o never_o hear_v nor_o think_v of_o those_o proposition_n which_o i_o think_v be_v at_o least_o one_o half_a of_o mankind_n but_o be_v the_o number_n far_o less_o it_o will_v be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v universal_a assent_n and_o thereby_o show_v these_o proposition_n not_o to_o be_v innate_a if_o child_n alone_o be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o §_o 25._o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v accuse_v to_o argue_v from_o the_o thought_n of_o infant_n which_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o and_o to_o conclude_v from_o what_o pass_v in_o their_o understanding_n before_o they_o express_v it_o i_o say_v next_o that_o these_o two_o general_a proposition_n be_v not_o the_o truth_n that_o first_o possess_v the_o mind_n of_o child_n nor_o be_v antecedent_n to_o all_o acquire_v and_o adventitious_a notion_n which_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v whether_o we_o can_v determine_v it_o or_o no_o it_o matter_n not_o there_o be_v certain_o a_o time_n when_o child_n begin_v to_o think_v and_o their_o word_n and_o action_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o they_o do_v so_o when_o therefore_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o thought_n of_o knowledge_n of_o assent_n can_v it_o rational_o be_v suppose_v they_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o notion_n that_o nature_n have_v imprint_v be_v there_o any_o such_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v with_o any_o appearance_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o perceive_v the_o impression_n from_o thing_n without_o and_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ignorant_a of_o those_o character_n which_o nature_n itself_o have_v take_v care_n to_o stamp_v within_o can_v they_o receive_v and_o assent_v to_o adventitious_a notion_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o which_o be_v suppose_v weave_v into_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o their_o be_v and_o imprint_v there_o in_o indelible_a character_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n and_o guide_v of_o all_o their_o acquire_v knowledge_n and_o future_a reason_n this_o will_v be_v to_o make_v nature_n take_v pain_n to_o no_o purpose_n or_o at_o least_o to_o write_v very_o ill_a since_o its_o character_n can_v not_o be_v read_v by_o those_o eye_n which_o see_v other_o thing_n very_o well_o and_o those_o be_v very_o ill_o suppose_v the_o clear_a part_n of_o truth_n and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n which_o be_v not_o first_o know_v and_o without_o which_o the_o undoubted_a knowledge_n of_o several_a other_o thing_n may_v be_v have_v the_o child_n certain_o know_v that_o the_o nurse_n that_o feed_v it_o be_v neither_o the_o cat_n it_o play_v with_o nor_o the_o blackmoor_n it_o be_v afraid_a of_o that_o the_o wormseed_n or_o mustard_n it_o refuse_v be_v not_o the_o apple_n or_o sugar_n it_o cry_v for_o this_o it_o be_v certain_o and_o undoubted_o assure_v of_o but_o will_v any_o one_o say_v it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o principle_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o it_o so_o firm_o assent_v to_o these_o and_o other_o part_n of_o its_o knowledge_n or_o that_o the_o child_n have_v any_o notion_n or_o apprehension_n of_o that_o proposition_n at_o a_o age_n wherein_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o know_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n he_o that_o will_v say_v child_n join_v these_o general_a abstract_n speculation_n with_o their_o suck_a bottle_n and_o their_o rattle_n may_v perhaps_o with_o justice_n be_v think_v to_o have_v more_o passion_n and_o zeal_n for_o his_o opinion_n but_o less_o sincerity_n and_o truth_n than_o one_o of_o that_o age._n §_o 26._o though_o therefore_o there_o be_v several_a general_a proposition_n that_o meet_v with_o constant_a and_o ready_a assent_n as_o soon_o as_o propose_v to_o man_n grow_v up_o who_o have_v attain_v the_o use_n of_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n and_o name_n stand_v for_o they_o yet_o they_o not_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o those_o of_o tender_a year_n who_o nevertheless_o know_v other_o thing_n they_o can_v pretend_v to_o universal_a assent_n of_o intelligent_a person_n and_o so_o by_o no_o mean_n can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o truth_n which_o be_v innate_a if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o shall_v be_v unknown_a at_o least_o to_o any_o one_o who_o know_v any_o thing_n else_o since_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a truth_n they_o must_v be_v innate_a thought_n there_o be_v nothing_o a_o truth_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o it_o have_v never_o
they_o do_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v true_a only_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o reputation_n and_o esteem_v among_o those_o who_o be_v persuade_v of_o their_o obligation_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o a_o whole_a society_n of_o man_n shall_v public_o and_o profess_o disown_n and_o cast_v off_o a_o rule_n which_o they_o can_v not_o in_o their_o own_o mind_n but_o be_v infallible_o certain_a be_v a_o law_n nor_o be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o man_n they_o shall_v have_v to_o do_v with_o know_v it_o to_o be_v such_o and_o therefore_o must_v every_o one_o of_o they_o apprehend_v from_o other_o all_o the_o contempt_n and_o abhorrence_n due_a to_o one_o who_o profess_v himself_o void_a of_o humanity_n and_o one_o who_o confound_v the_o know_a and_o natural_a measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n can_v but_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o profess_a enemy_n of_o their_o peace_n and_o happiness_n whatever_o practical_a principle_n be_v innate_a can_v but_o be_v know_v to_o every_o one_o to_o be_v just_a and_o good_a it_o be_v therefore_o little_o less_o than_o a_o contradiction_n to_o suppose_v that_o whole_a nation_n of_o man_n shall_v both_o in_o their_o profession_n and_o practise_v unanimous_o and_o universal_o give_v the_o lie_n to_o what_o by_o the_o most_o invincible_a evidence_n every_o one_o of_o they_o know_v to_o be_v true_a right_a and_o good_a this_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v we_o that_o no_o practical_a rule_n which_o be_v any_o where_o universal_o and_o with_o public_a approbation_n or_o allowance_n transgress_v can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a but_o i_o have_v something_o far_a to_o add_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n §_o 12._o the_o break_n of_o a_o rule_n say_v you_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a i_o grant_v it_o but_o the_o general_o allow_v breach_n of_o it_o any_o where_o i_o say_v be_v a_o proof_n that_o it_o be_v not_o innate_a for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v any_o of_o these_o rule_n which_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a deduction_n of_o (null)_o reason_n and_o conformable_a to_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n few_o people_n have_v have_v the_o impudence_n to_o deny_v or_o inconsideration_n to_o doubt_v of_o if_o any_o can_v be_v think_v to_o be_v natural_o imprint_v none_o i_o think_v can_v have_v a_o fair_a pretence_n to_o be_v innate_a than_o this_o parent_n preserve_v and_o cherish_v your_o child_n when_o therefore_o you_o say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o innate_a rule_n what_o do_v you_o mean_v either_o that_o it_o be_v a_o innate_a principle_n which_o upon_o all_o occasion_n excite_v and_o direct_v the_o action_n of_o all_o man_n or_o else_o that_o it_o be_v a_o truth_n which_o all_o man_n have_v imprint_v on_o their_o mind_n and_o which_o therefore_o they_o know_v and_o assent_v to_o but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o sense_n be_v it_o innate_a first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o principle_n which_o influence_n all_o man_n action_n be_v what_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o the_o example_n before_o cite_v nor_o need_v we_o seek_v so_o far_o as_o mingrelia_n or_o peru_n to_o find_v instance_n of_o such_o as_o neglect_v abuse_n nay_o and_o destroy_v their_o child_n or_o look_v on_o it_o only_o as_o the_o more_o than_o brutality_n of_o some_o savage_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n when_o we_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v a_o familiar_a and_o uncondemned_a practice_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n to_o expose_v without_o pity_n or_o remorse_n their_o innocent_a infant_n second_o that_o it_o be_v a_o innate_a truth_n know_v to_o all_o man_n be_v also_o false_a for_o parent_n preserve_v your_o child_n be_v so_o far_o from_o a_o innate_a truth_n that_o it_o be_v no_o truth_n at_o all_o it_o be_v a_o command_n and_o not_o a_o proposition_n and_o so_o not_o capable_a of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n to_o make_v it_o capable_a of_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o true_a it_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o some_o such_o proposition_n as_o this_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o parent_n to_o preserve_v their_o child_n but_o what_o duty_n be_v can_v be_v understand_v without_o a_o law_n nor_o a_o law_n be_v know_v or_o suppose_v without_o a_o lawmaker_n or_o without_o reward_n and_o punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o this_o or_o any_o other_o practical_a principle_n shall_v be_v innate_a i._n e._n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n as_o a_o duty_n without_o suppose_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n of_o law_n of_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n of_o a_o life_n after_o this_o innate_a for_o that_o punishment_n follow_v not_o in_o this_o life_n the_o breach_n of_o this_o rule_n and_o consequent_o that_o it_o have_v not_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o country_n where_o the_o general_o allow_v practice_n run_v counter_a to_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o evident_a but_o these_o idea_n which_o must_v be_v all_o of_o they_o innate_a if_o any_o thing_n as_o a_o duty_n be_v so_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v innate_a that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o studious_a or_o think_v man_n much_o less_o every_o one_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o who_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o that_o one_o of_o they_o which_o of_o all_o other_o seem_n most_o likely_a to_o be_v innate_a be_v not_o so_o i_o mean_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n i_o think_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n will_v appear_v very_o evident_a to_o any_o consider_a man._n §_o 13._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o think_v we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o practical_a rule_n be_v in_o any_o place_n general_o and_o with_o allowance_n break_v can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o man_n shall_v without_o shame_n or_o fear_v confident_o and_o serene_o break_v a_o rule_n which_o they_o can_v not_o but_o evident_o know_v that_o god_n have_v set_v up_o and_o will_v certain_o punish_v the_o breach_n of_o which_o they_o must_v if_o it_o be_v innate_a to_o a_o degree_n to_o make_v it_o a_o very_a ill_a bargain_n to_o the_o transgressor_n without_o such_o a_o knowledge_n as_o this_o a_o man_n can_v never_o be_v certain_a that_o any_o thing_n be_v his_o duty_n ignorance_n or_o doubt_n of_o the_o law_n hope_n to_o escape_v the_o knowledge_n or_o power_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n or_o the_o like_a may_v make_v man_n give_v way_n to_o a_o present_a appetite_n but_o let_v any_o one_o see_v the_o fault_n and_o the_o rod_n by_o it_o and_o with_o the_o transgression_n a_o fire_n ready_a to_o punish_v it_o a_o pleasure_n tempt_v and_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a visible_o hold_v up_o and_o prepare_v to_o take_v vengeance_n for_o this_o must_v be_v the_o case_n where_o any_o duty_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o people_n with_o such_o a_o prospect_n such_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n as_o this_o wanton_o and_o without_o scruple_n to_o offend_v against_o a_o law_n which_o they_o carry_v about_o they_o in_o indelible_a character_n and_o that_o stare_v they_o in_o the_o face_n whilst_o they_o be_v break_v it_o whether_o man_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o they_o feel_v in_o themselves_o the_o imprint_v edict_n of_o a_o omnipotent_a lawmaker_n can_v with_o assurance_n and_o gaity_n slight_a and_o trample_v under_o foot_n his_o most_o sacred_a injunction_n and_o last_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o whilst_o a_o man_n thus_o open_o bid_v defiance_n to_o this_o innate_a law_n and_o supreme_a lawgiver_n all_o the_o bystander_n yea_o even_o the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o the_o people_n full_a of_o the_o same_o sense_n both_o of_o the_o law_n and_o lawmaker_n shall_v silent_o connive_v without_o testify_v their_o dislike_n or_o lay_v the_o least_o blame_n on_o it_o principle_n of_o action_n indeed_o there_o be_v lodge_v in_o man_n appetite_n but_o these_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v innate_a moral_a principle_n that_o if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o full_a swing_n they_o will_v carry_v man_n to_o the_o overturning_a of_o all_o morality_n moral_a law_n be_v set_v as_o a_o curb_n and_o restraint_n to_o these_o exorbitant_a desire_n which_o they_o can_v be_v but_o by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n that_o will_v overbalance_n the_o satisfaction_n any_o one_o shall_v propose_v to_o himself_o in_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n if_o therefore_o any_o thing_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n as_o a_o law_n all_o man_n must_v have_v a_o certain_a and_o unavoidable_a knowledge_n that_o certain_a and_o unavoidable_a punishment_n will_v attend_v the_o breach_n of_o it_o for_o if_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a or_o doubtful_a of_o what_o be_v innate_a innate_a principle_n be_v insist_v on_o and_o urge_v to_o no_o purpose_n truth_n and_o certainty_n the_o thing_n pretend_v be_v not_o at_o all_o
a_o hard_a matter_n any_o other_o way_n to_o account_v for_o the_o contrary_a tenet_n which_o be_v firm_o believe_v confident_o assert_v and_o which_o great_a number_n be_v ready_a at_o any_o time_n to_o seal_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o indeed_o if_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o innate_a principle_n to_o be_v receive_v upon_o their_o own_o authority_n without_o examination_n i_o know_v not_o what_o may_v not_o be_v believe_v or_o how_o any_o one_o principle_n can_v be_v question_v if_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o try_v i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o first_o and_o innate_a principle_n can_v be_v try_v or_o at_o least_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o demand_v the_o mark_n and_o character_n whereby_o the_o genuine_a innate_a principle_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o that_o so_o amid_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o pretender_n i_o may_v be_v keep_v from_o mistake_n in_o so_o material_a a_o point_n as_o this_o when_o this_o be_v do_v i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o embrace_v such_o welcome_a and_o useful_a proposition_n and_o till_o than_o i_o may_v with_o modesty_n doubt_n since_o i_o fear_v universal_a consent_n which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o produce_v will_v scare_v prove_v a_o sufficient_a mark_n to_o direct_v my_o choice_n and_o assure_v i_o of_o any_o innate_a principle_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o think_v it_o be_v past_a doubt_n that_o there_o be_v no_o practical_a principle_n wherein_o all_o man_n agree_v and_o therefore_o none_o innate_a chap._n iu._n other_o consideration_n concern_v innate_a principle_n both_o speculative_a and_o practical_a §_o 1._o have_v those_o who_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o there_o be_v innate_a principle_n not_o take_v they_o together_o in_o gross_a but_o consider_v separately_z the_o part_n out_o of_o which_o those_o proposition_n be_v make_v they_o will_v not_o perhaps_o have_v be_v so_o forward_o to_o believe_v they_o be_v innate_a since_o if_o the_o idea_n which_o make_v up_o those_o truth_n be_v not_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v innate_a or_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o for_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v not_o innate_a there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o mind_n be_v without_o those_o principle_n and_o then_o they_o will_v not_o be_v innate_a but_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o other_o original_a for_o where_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v not_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n no_o assent_n no_o mental_a or_o verbal_a proposition_n about_o they_o §_o 2._o if_o we_o will_v attent_o consider_v new_o bear_v child_n we_o shall_v have_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o bring_v many_o idea_n into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o for_o bate_v perhaps_o some_o faint_a idea_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_v and_o warmth_n and_o some_o pain_n which_o they_o may_v have_v feel_v in_o the_o womb_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o any_o settle_a idea_n at_o all_o in_o they_o especial_o of_o idea_n answer_v the_o term_n which_o make_v up_o those_o universal_a proposition_n that_o be_v esteem_v innate_a principle_n one_o may_v perceive_v how_o by_o degree_n afterward_o idea_n come_v into_o their_o mind_n and_o that_o they_o get_v no_o more_o nor_o no_o other_o than_o what_o experience_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o thing_n that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n furnish_v they_o with_o which_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v we_o that_o they_o be_v not_o original_a character_n stamp_v on_o the_o mind_n §_o 3._o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v certain_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o a_o innate_a principle_n but_o can_v any_o one_o think_v or_o will_v any_o one_o say_v that_o impossibility_n and_o identity_n be_v two_o innate_a idea_n be_v they_o such_o as_o all_o mankind_n have_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o and_o be_v they_o those_o that_o be_v the_o first_o in_o child_n and_o antecedent_n to_o all_o acquire_v one_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o have_v a_o child_n a_o idea_n of_o impossibility_n and_o identity_n before_o it_o have_v of_o white_a or_o black_a sweet_a or_o bitter_a and_o be_v it_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o principle_n that_o it_o conclude_v that_o wormwood_n rub_v on_o the_o nipple_n be_v not_o the_o same_o taste_n that_o it_o use_v to_o receive_v from_o thence_o be_v it_o the_o actual_a knowledge_n of_o impossibile_fw-it est_fw-la idem_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o non_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o make_v a_o child_n distinguish_v between_o its_o mother_n and_o a_o stranger_n or_o that_o make_v it_o fond_a of_o the_o one_o and_o fly_v the_o other_o or_o do_v the_o mind_n regulate_v itself_o and_o its_o assent_n by_o idea_n that_o it_o never_o yet_o have_v or_o the_o understanding_n draw_v conclusion_n from_o principle_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v or_o understand_v the_o name_n impossibility_n and_o identity_n stand_v for_o two_o idea_n so_o far_o from_o be_v innate_a or_o bear_v with_o we_o that_o i_o think_v it_o require_v great_a care_n and_o attention_n to_o form_v they_o right_o in_o our_o understanding_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o we_o so_o remote_a from_o the_o thought_n of_o infancy_n and_o childhood_n that_o i_o believe_v upon_o examination_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o many_o grow_v man_n want_v they_o §_o 4._o if_o identity_n to_o instance_n in_o that_o alone_a be_v a_o native_a impression_n and_o consequent_o so_o clear_a and_o obvious_a to_o we_o that_o we_o must_v needs_o know_v it_o even_o from_o our_o cradle_n i_o will_v glad_o be_v resolve_v by_o one_o of_o seven_o or_o seventy_o year_n old_a whether_o a_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n consist_v of_o soul_n and_o body_n be_v the_o same_o man_n when_o his_o body_n be_v change_v whether_o euphorbus_n and_o pythagoras_n have_v have_v the_o same_o soul_n be_v the_o same_o man_n though_o they_o live_v several_a age_n asunder_o nay_o whether_o the_o cock_n too_o which_o have_v the_o same_o soul_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o both_o of_o they_o whereby_o perhaps_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o our_o idea_n of_o sameness_n be_v not_o so_o settle_v and_o clear_a as_o to_o deserve_v to_o be_v think_v innate_a in_o we_o for_o if_o those_o innate_a idea_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o distinct_a so_o as_o to_o be_v universal_o know_v and_o natural_o agree_v on_o they_o can_v be_v the_o subject_n of_o universal_a and_o undoubted_a truth_n but_o will_v be_v the_o unavoidable_a occasion_n of_o perpetual_a uncertainty_n for_o i_o suppose_v every_o one_o idea_n of_o identity_n will_v not_o be_v the_o same_o that_o pythagoras_n and_o thousand_o other_o of_o his_o follower_n have_v and_o which_o then_o shall_v be_v the_o true_a which_o innate_a or_o be_v there_o two_o different_a idea_n of_o identity_n both_o innate_a §_o 5._o nor_o let_v any_o one_o think_v that_o the_o question_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v about_o the_o identity_n of_o man_n be_v bare_a empty_a speculation_n which_o if_o they_o be_v will_v be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n of_o man_n no_o innate_a idea_n of_o identity_n he_o that_o shall_v with_o a_o little_a attention_n reflect_v on_o the_o resurrection_n and_o consider_v that_o divine_a justice_n shall_v bring_v to_o judgement_n at_o the_o last_o day_n the_o very_a same_o person_n to_o be_v happy_a or_o miserable_a in_o the_o other_o who_o do_v well_o or_o ill_o in_o this_o life_n will_v find_v it_o perhaps_o not_o easy_a to_o resolve_v with_o himself_o what_o make_v the_o same_o man_n or_o wherein_o identity_n consist_v and_o will_v not_o be_v forward_o to_o think_v he_o and_o every_o one_o even_o child_n themselves_o have_v natural_o a_o clear_a idea_n of_o it_o §_o 6._o let_v we_o examine_v that_o principle_n of_o mathematics_n viz._n that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o a_o part_n this_o i_o take_v it_o be_v reckon_v among_o innate_a principle_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n as_o any_o to_o be_v think_v so_o which_o yet_o no_o body_n can_v think_v it_o to_o be_v when_o he_o consider_v the_o idea_n it_o comprehend_v in_o it_o whole_a and_o part_v be_v perfect_o relative_n but_o the_o positive_a idea_n to_o which_o they_o proper_o and_o immediate_o belong_v be_v extension_n and_o number_n of_o which_o alone_o whole_a and_o part_v be_v relation_n so_o that_o if_o whole_a and_o part_n be_v innate_a idea_n extension_n and_o number_n must_v be_v so_o too_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o relation_n without_o have_v any_o at_o all_o of_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v and_o in_o which_o it_o be_v found_v now_o whether_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v
reason_n and_o the_o natural_a propensity_n of_o their_o own_o thought_n will_v afterward_o propagate_v and_o continue_v among_o they_o §_o 12._o indeed_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n to_o imprint_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n character_n and_o notion_n of_o himself_o and_o not_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o doubt_v in_o so_o grand_a a_o concernment_n and_o also_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o secure_v to_o himself_o the_o homage_n and_o veneration_n due_a from_o so_o intelligent_a a_o creature_n as_o man_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v do_v it_o this_o argument_n if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o force_n will_v prove_v much_o more_o than_o those_o who_o use_v it_o in_o this_o case_n expect_v from_o it_o for_o if_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o god_n have_v do_v for_o man_n all_o that_o man_n shall_v judge_v be_v best_a for_o they_o because_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o his_o goodness_n so_o to_o do_v it_o will_v prove_v not_o only_o that_o god_n have_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n a_o idea_n of_o himself_o but_o that_o he_o have_v plain_o stamp_v there_o in_o fair_a character_n all_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o know_v or_o believe_v of_o he_o all_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o will_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v they_o a_o will_n and_o affection_n conformable_a to_o it_o this_o no_o doubt_n every_o one_o will_v think_v it_o better_o for_o man_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v in_o the_o dark_a grope_v after_o knowledge_n as_o st._n paul_n tell_v we_o all_o nation_n do_v after_o god_n act_v xvii_o 27_o than_o that_o their_o will_n shall_v clash_v with_o their_o understanding_n and_o their_o appetite_n cross_v their_o duty_n the_o romanist_n say_v it_o be_v best_o for_o man_n and_o so_o suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o infallible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n on_o earth_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v one_o and_o i_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n say_v it_o be_v better_a for_o man_n that_o every_o man_n himself_o shall_v be_v infallible_a i_o leave_v they_o to_o consider_v whether_o by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n they_o shall_v think_v that_o every_o man_n be_v so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o very_a good_a argument_n to_o say_v the_o infinite_o wise_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v best_o but_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o little_a too_o much_o confidence_n of_o our_o own_o wisdom_n to_o say_v i_o think_v it_o best_o and_o therefore_o god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o in_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v from_o such_o a_o topick_n that_o god_n have_v do_v so_o when_o certain_a experience_n show_v we_o that_o he_o have_v not_o but_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n have_v not_o be_v want_v to_o man_n without_o such_o original_a impression_n of_o knowledge_n or_o idea_n stamp_v on_o the_o mind_n since_o he_o have_v furnish_v man_n with_o those_o faculty_n which_o will_v serve_v for_o the_o sufficient_a discovery_n of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o the_o end_n of_o such_o a_o be_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v that_o a_o man_n by_o the_o right_a use_n of_o his_o natural_a ability_n may_v without_o any_o innate_a principle_n attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o concern_v he_o god_n have_v endue_v man_n with_o those_o faculty_n of_o know_v which_o he_o have_v be_v no_o more_o oblige_v by_o his_o goodness_n to_o implant_v those_o innate_a notion_n in_o his_o mind_n than_o that_o have_v give_v he_o reason_n hand_n and_o material_n he_o shall_v build_v he_o bridge_n or_o house_n which_o some_o people_n in_o the_o world_n however_o of_o good_a part_n do_v either_o total_o want_n or_o be_v but_o ill_o provide_v of_o as_o well_o as_o other_o be_v whole_o without_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o principle_n of_o morality_n or_o at_o least_o have_v but_o very_o ill_a one_o the_o reason_n in_o both_o case_n be_v that_o they_o never_o employ_v their_o part_n faculty_n and_o power_n industrious_o that_o way_n but_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o opinion_n fashion_n and_o thing_n of_o their_o country_n as_o they_o find_v they_o without_o look_v any_o far_o have_v you_o or_o i_o be_v bear_v at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n possible_o our_o thought_n and_o notion_n have_v not_o exceed_v those_o brutish_a one_o of_o the_o hotentot_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o have_v the_o virginia_n king_n apochancana_n be_v educate_v in_o england_n he_o have_v perhaps_o be_v as_o know_v a_o divine_a and_o as_o good_a a_o mathematician_n as_o any_o in_o it_o the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o a_o more_o improve_v englishman_n lie_v bare_o in_o this_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o faculty_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o way_n modes_n and_o notion_n of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o never_o direct_v to_o any_o other_o or_o far_a inquiry_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o any_o idea_n of_o a_o god_n it_o be_v only_o because_o he_o pursue_v not_o those_o thought_n that_o will_v have_v lead_v he_o to_o it_o §_o 13._o i_o grant_v that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o idea_n to_o be_v find_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n we_o have_v reason_n to_o expect_v it_o shall_v be_v the_o notion_n of_o his_o maker_n as_o a_o mark_n god_n set_v on_o his_o own_o workmanship_n to_o mind_n man_n of_o his_o dependence_n and_o duty_n and_o that_o herein_o shall_v appear_v the_o first_o instance_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n but_o how_o late_o be_v it_o before_o any_o such_o notion_n be_v discoverable_a in_o child_n and_o when_o we_o find_v it_o there_o how_o much_o more_o do_v it_o resemble_v the_o opinion_n and_o notion_n of_o the_o teacher_n than_o represent_v the_o true_a god_n he_o that_o shall_v observe_v in_o child_n the_o progress_n whereby_o their_o mind_n attain_v the_o knowledge_n they_o have_v will_v think_v that_o the_o object_n they_o do_v first_o and_o most_o familiar_o converse_v with_o be_v those_o that_o make_v the_o first_o impression_n on_o their_o understanding_n nor_o will_v he_o find_v the_o least_o footstep_n of_o any_o other_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o take_v notice_n how_o their_o thought_n enlarge_v themselves_o only_o as_o they_o come_v to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o sensible_a object_n to_o retain_v the_o idea_n of_o they_o in_o their_o memory_n and_o to_o get_v the_o skill_n to_o compound_v and_o enlarge_v they_o and_o several_a way_n put_v they_o together_o how_o by_o these_o mean_n they_o come_v to_o frame_v in_o their_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o a_o deity_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v §_o 14._o can_v it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o idea_n man_n have_v of_o god_n be_v the_o character_n and_o mark_v of_o himself_o engrave_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o his_o own_o finger_n when_o we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o same_o country_n under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o name_n man_n have_v far_o different_a nay_o often_o contrary_a and_o inconsistent_a idea_n and_o conception_n of_o he_o their_o agree_v in_o a_o name_n or_o sound_n will_v scarce_o prove_v a_o innate_a notion_n of_o he_o §_o 15._o what_o true_a or_o tolerable_a notion_n of_o a_o deity_n can_v they_o have_v who_o acknowledge_v and_o worship_v hundred_o every_o deity_n that_o they_o own_v above_o one_o be_v a_o infallible_a evidence_n of_o their_o ignorance_n of_o he_o and_o a_o proof_n that_o they_o have_v no_o true_a notion_n of_o god_n where_o unity_n infinity_o and_o eternity_n be_v always_o exclude_v to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v their_o gross_a conception_n of_o corporiety_n express_v in_o their_o image_n and_o representation_n of_o their_o deity_n the_o amour_n marriage_n copulation_n lust_n quarrel_n and_o other_o mean_a quality_n attribute_v by_o they_o to_o their_o god_n we_o shall_v have_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o the_o heathen_a world_n i._n e._n the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n have_v such_o idea_n of_o god_n in_o their_o 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his_o providence_n i_o answer_v what_o they_o may_v be_v in_o their_o original_n i_o will_v not_o here_o inquire_v but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o in_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o vulgar_a i_o think_v no_o body_n will_v affirm_v and_o he_o that_o will_v consult_v the_o voyage_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o beryte_n c._n 13._o not_o to_o mention_v other_o testimony_n will_v find_v that_o the_o theology_n of_o the_o siamite_n profess_o own_v plurality_n of_o god_n or_o as_o the_o abbé_fw-fr de_fw-fr choisy_n more_o judicious_o remark_n in_o his_o journal_n du_fw-fr voyage_n de_fw-fr syam_n 107_o 177_o it_o consist_v proper_o in_o acknowledge_v no_o god_n at_o all_o §_o 15._o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wise_a man_n of_o all_o nation_n come_v to_o have_v true_a conception_n of_o the_o unity_n and_o infinity_o of_o the_o deity_n i_o grant_v it_o but_o then_o this_o first_o exclude_v universality_n of_o consent_n in_o any_o thing_n but_o the_o name_n for_o those_o wise_a man_n be_v very_o few_o perhaps_o one_o of_o a_o thousand_o this_o universality_n be_v very_o narrow_a second_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o true_a and_o best_a notion_n man_n have_v of_o god_n be_v not_o imprint_v but_o acquire_v by_o thought_n and_o meditation_n and_o a_o right_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n since_o the_o wise_a and_o considerate_a man_n of_o the_o world_n by_o a_o right_n and_o careful_a employment_n of_o their_o thought_n and_o reason_n attain_v true_a notion_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n whilst_o the_o lazy_a and_o inconsiderate_a part_n of_o man_n make_v the_o far_o great_a number_n take_v up_o their_o notion_n by_o chance_n from_o common_a tradition_n and_o vulgar_a conception_n without_o much_o beat_n their_o head_n about_o they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o reason_n to_o think_v the_o notion_n of_o god_n innate_a because_o all_o wise_a man_n have_v it_o virtue_n must_v be_v think_v innate_a for_o that_o also_o wise_a man_n have_v always_o have_v §_o 16._o this_o be_v evident_o the_o case_n of_o all_o gentilism_n nor_o have_v even_o among_o jew_n christian_n and_o mahometan_n who_o acknowledge_v but_o one_o god_n this_o doctrine_n and_o the_o care_n be_v take_v in_o those_o nation_n to_o teach_v man_n to_o have_v true_a notion_n of_o a_o god_n prevail_v so_o far_o as_o to_o make_v man_n to_o have_v the_o same_o and_o true_a idea_n of_o he_o how_o many_o even_o among_o we_o will_v be_v find_v upon_o enquiry_n to_o fancy_n he_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o man_n sit_v in_o heaven_n and_o to_o have_v many_o other_o absurd_a and_o unfit_a conception_n of_o he_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o turk_n have_v have_v whole_a sect_n own_v and_o contend_v earnest_o for_o it_o that_o the_o deity_n be_v corporeal_a and_o of_o (null)_o shape_n and_o though_o we_o find_v few_o now_o among_o we_o who_o profess_v themselves_o anthropomorphites_n though_o some_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o that_o own_o it_o yet_o i_o believe_v he_o that_o will_v make_v it_o his_o business_n may_v find_v among_o the_o ignorant_a and_o uninstruct_v christian_n many_o of_o that_o opinion_n talk_v but_o with_o countrypeople_n almost_o of_o any_o age_n or_o young_a people_n almost_o any_o where_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o the_o name_n of_o god_n be_v frequent_o in_o their_o mouth_n yet_o the_o notion_n they_o apply_v this_o name_n to_o be_v so_o odd_a low_a and_o pitiful_a that_o no_o body_n can_v imagine_v they_o be_v teach_v by_o a_o rational_a man_n much_o less_o that_o they_o be_v the_o character_n write_v by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n himself_o nor_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o derogate_v more_o from_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n that_o he_o have_v give_v we_o mind_n unfurnished_v with_o these_o idea_n of_o himself_o than_o that_o he_o have_v send_v we_o into_o the_o world_n with_o body_n unclothe_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o art_n or_o skill_n bear_v with_o we_o for_o be_v fit_v with_o faculty_n to_o attain_v these_o it_o be_v want_v of_o industry_n and_o consideration_n in_o we_o and_o not_o of_o bounty_n in_o he_o if_o we_o have_v they_o not_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n as_o that_o the_o opposite_a angle_n make_v by_o the_o intersection_n of_o two_o strait_a line_n be_v equal_a there_o be_v never_o any_o rational_a creature_n that_o set_v himself_o sincere_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o proposition_n that_o can_v fail_v to_o assent_v to_o they_o though_o yet_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n that_o there_o be_v many_o man_n who_o have_v not_o apply_v their_o thought_n that_o way_n be_v ignorant_a both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o if_o any_o one_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v this_o which_o be_v the_o utmost_a of_o its_o extent_n universal_a consent_n such_o a_o one_o i_o easy_o allow_v but_o such_o a_o universal_a consent_n as_o this_o prove_v not_o the_o idea_n of_o god_n no_o more_o than_o it_o do_v the_o idea_n of_o such_o angles_n innate_a §_o 17._o since_o than_o though_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n be_v the_o most_o natural_a discovery_n of_o (null)_o reason_n yet_o the_o idea_n of_o he_o be_v not_o innate_a as_o i_o think_v be_v evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o imagine_v there_o will_v be_v scarce_o any_o other_o idea_n find_v that_o can_v pretend_v to_o it_o since_o if_o god_n have_v leave_v any_o natural_a impression_n on_o the_o understanding_n of_o man_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a to_o expect_v it_o shall_v have_v be_v some_o character_n of_o himself_o as_o far_o as_o our_o weak_a capacity_n be_v capable_a to_o receive_v so_o incomprehensible_a and_o infinite_a a_o object_n but_o our_o mind_n be_v at_o first_o void_a of_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o be_v most_o concern_v to_o have_v it_o be_v a_o strong_a presumption_n against_o all_o other_o innate_a character_n i_o must_v own_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v i_o can_v find_v none_o and_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o be_v inform_v by_o any_o other_o §_o 18._o i_o confess_v there_o be_v another_o idea_n which_o will_v be_v of_o general_a use_n for_o mankind_n to_o have_v as_o it_o be_v of_o general_a talk_n as_o if_o they_o have_v it_o and_o that_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o substance_n which_o we_o neither_o have_v nor_o can_v have_v by_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n if_o nature_n take_v care_n to_o provide_v we_o any_o idea_n we_o may_v well_o expect_v it_o shall_v be_v such_o as_o by_o our_o own_o faculty_n we_o can_v procure_v to_o ourselves_o but_o we_o see_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o since_o by_o those_o way_n whereby_o other_o idea_n be_v bring_v into_o our_o mind_n this_o be_v not_o we_o have_v no_o such_o clear_a idea_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o signify_v nothing_o by_o the_o word_n substance_n but_o only_o a_o uncertain_a supposition_n of_o we_o know_v not_o what_o i._o e._n of_o something_o whereof_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n which_o we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o substratum_fw-la or_o support_v of_o those_o idea_n 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to_o this_o proposition_n that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v when_o express_v in_o a_o language_n he_o understand_v and_o every_o rational_a man_n that_o have_v not_o think_v on_o it_o to_o day_n may_v be_v ready_a to_o assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n to_o morrow_n and_o yet_o million_o of_o man_n may_v be_v well_o suppose_v to_o want_v one_o or_o both_o of_o those_o idea_n to_o day_n for_o if_o we_o will_v allow_v savage_n and_o most_o countrypeople_n to_o have_v idea_n of_o god_n and_o worship_n which_o conversation_n with_o they_o will_v not_o make_v one_o forward_o to_o believe_v yet_o i_o think_v few_o child_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v those_o idea_n which_o therefore_o they_o must_v begin_v to_o have_v sometime_o or_o
shall_v often_o think_v and_o that_o a_o long_a while_n together_o and_o not_o be_v conscious_a to_o itself_o the_o next_o moment_n after_o that_o it_o have_v think_v §_o 19_o to_o suppose_v the_o soul_n to_o think_v and_o the_o man_n not_o perceive_v it_o be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o make_v two_o person_n in_o one_o man_n and_o if_o one_o consider_v well_o these_o man_n way_n of_o speak_v one_o shall_v be_v lead_v into_o a_o suspicion_n that_o they_o do_v so_o for_o they_o who_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o soul_n always_o think_v do_v never_o that_o i_o remember_v say_v that_o a_o man_n always_o think_v can_v the_o soul_n think_v and_o not_o the_o man_n or_o a_o man_n think_v and_o not_o be_v conscious_a of_o it_o this_o perhaps_o will_v be_v suspect_v of_o jargon_n in_o other_o if_o they_o say_v the_o man_n think_v always_o but_o be_v not_o always_o conscious_a of_o it_o they_o may_v as_o well_o say_v his_o body_n be_v extend_v without_o have_v part_n for_o it_o be_v altogether_o as_o intelligible_a to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v extend_v without_o part_n as_o that_o any_o thing_n think_v without_o be_v conscious_a of_o it_o without_o perceive_v that_o it_o do_v so_o they_o who_o talk_v thus_o may_v with_o as_o much_o reason_n if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v always_o hungry_a but_o that_o he_o do_v not_o always_o feel_v it_o whereas_o hunger_n consist_v in_o that_o very_a sensation_n as_o think_v consist_v in_o be_v conscious_a that_o one_o think_v if_o they_o say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v always_o conscious_a to_o himself_o of_o think_v i_o ask_v how_o they_o know_v it_o consciousness_n be_v the_o perception_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o a_o man_n be_v own_o mind_n can_v another_o man_n perceive_v that_o i_o be_o conscious_a of_o any_o thing_n when_o i_o perceive_v it_o not_o myself_o no_o man_n knowledge_n here_o can_v go_v beyond_o his_o experience_n wake_v a_o man_n out_o of_o a_o sound_a sleep_n and_o ask_v he_o what_o he_o be_v that_o moment_n think_v on_o if_o he_o himself_o be_v conscious_a of_o nothing_o he_o then_o think_v on_o he_o must_v be_v a_o notable_a divine_a of_o thought_n that_o can_v assure_v he_o that_o he_o be_v think_v may_v he_o not_o with_o more_o reason_n assure_v he_o he_o be_v not_o asleep_a this_o be_v something_o beyond_o philosophy_n and_o it_o can_v be_v less_o than_o revelation_n that_o discover_v to_o another_o thought_n in_o my_o mind_n when_o i_o can_v find_v none_o there_o myself_o and_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o penetrate_a sight_n who_o can_v certain_o see_v that_o i_o think_v when_o i_o can_v perceive_v it_o myself_o and_o declare_v that_o i_o do_v not_o and_o yet_o can_v see_v that_o a_o dog_n or_o a_o elephant_n do_v not_o think_v though_o they_o give_v all_o the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o imaginable_a except_o only_o tell_v we_o that_o they_o do_v so_o this_o some_o may_v suspect_v to_o be_v a_o step_n beyond_o the_o rosecrucians_n it_o seem_v easy_a to_o make_v one_o self_n invisible_a to_o other_o than_o to_o make_v another_o thought_n visible_a to_o i_o which_o be_v not_o visible_a to_o himself_o but_o it_o be_v but_o define_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v a_o substance_n that_o always_o think_v and_o the_o business_n be_v do_v if_o such_o a_o definition_n be_v of_o any_o authority_n i_o know_v not_o what_o it_o can_v serve_v for_o but_o to_o make_v many_o man_n suspect_v that_o they_o have_v no_o soul_n at_o all_o since_o they_o find_v a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o life_n pass_v away_o without_o think_v for_o no_o definition_n that_o i_o know_v no_o supposition_n of_o any_o sect_n be_v of_o force_n enough_o to_o destroy_v constant_a experience_n and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o affectation_n of_o know_v beyond_o what_o we_o perceive_v that_o make_v so_o much_o useless_a dispute_n and_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n §_o 20._o i_o see_v no_o reason_n therefore_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o soul_n think_v before_o the_o sense_n have_v furnish_v it_o with_o idea_n to_o think_v on_o and_o as_o those_o be_v increase_v and_o retain_v so_o it_o come_v by_o exercise_n to_o improve_v its_o faculty_n of_o think_v in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o afterward_o by_o compound_v those_o idea_n and_o reflect_v on_o its_o own_o operation_n it_o increase_v its_o stock_n as_o well_o as_o facility_n in_o remember_v imagine_v reason_v and_o other_o mode_n of_o think_v §_o 21._o he_o that_o will_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v inform_v by_o observation_n and_o experience_n and_o not_o make_v his_o own_o hypothesis_n the_o rule_n of_o nature_n will_v find_v few_o sign_n of_o a_o soul_n accustom_v to_o much_o think_n in_o a_o new_a bear_v child_n and_o much_o few_o of_o any_o reason_v at_o all_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o the_o rational_a soul_n shall_v think_v so_o much_o and_o not_o reason_n at_o all_o and_o he_o that_o will_v consider_v that_o infant_n new_o come_v into_o the_o world_n spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o time_n in_o sleep_n and_o be_v seldom_o awake_a but_o when_o either_o hunger_n call_v for_o the_o teat_n or_o some_o pain_n the_o most_o importunate_a of_o all_o sensation_n or_o some_o other_o violent_a idea_n force_v the_o mind_n to_o perceive_v and_o attend_v to_o it_o he_o i_o say_v who_o consider_v this_o will_n perhaps_o find_v reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o a_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o mother_n womb_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o state_n of_o a_o vegetable_a but_o pass_v the_o great_a part_n of_o its_o time_n without_o perception_n or_o thought_n do_v very_o little_a but_o sleep_n in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o need_v not_o seek_v for_o food_n and_o be_v surround_v with_o liquor_n always_o equal_o soft_a and_o near_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n where_o the_o eye_n have_v no_o light_n and_o the_o ear_n so_o shut_v up_o be_v not_o very_o susceptible_a of_o sound_n and_o where_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o variety_n or_o change_v of_o object_n to_o move_v the_o sense_n §_o 22._o follow_v a_o child_n from_o its_o birth_n and_o observe_v the_o alteration_n that_o time_n make_v and_o you_o shall_v find_v as_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o sense_n come_v more_o and_o more_o to_o be_v furnish_v with_o idea_n it_o come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o awake_a think_v more_o the_o more_o it_o have_v matter_n to_o think_v on_o after_o some_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o know_v the_o object_n which_o be_v most_o familiar_a with_o it_o have_v make_v last_v impression_n thus_o it_o come_v by_o degree_n to_o know_v the_o person_n it_o daily_o converse_v with_o and_o distinguish_v they_o from_o stranger_n which_o be_v instance_n and_o effect_n of_o its_o come_n to_o retain_v and_o distinguish_v the_o idea_n the_o sense_n convey_v to_o it_o and_o so_o we_o may_v observe_v how_o the_o mind_n by_o degree_n improve_v in_o these_o and_o advance_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o those_o other_o faculty_n of_o enlarge_a compound_v and_o abstract_v its_o idea_n and_o of_o reason_v about_o they_o and_o reflect_v upon_o all_o these_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o §_o 23._o if_o it_o shall_v be_v demand_v then_o when_o a_o man_n begin_v to_o have_v any_o idea_n i_o think_v the_o true_a answer_n be_v when_o he_o first_o have_v any_o sensation_n for_o since_o there_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n before_o the_o sense_n have_v convey_v any_o in_o i_o conceive_v that_o idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n be_v coeval_fw-fr with_o sensation_n which_o be_v such_o a_o impression_n or_o motion_n make_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o make_v it_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o understanding_n §_o 24._o the_o impression_n then_o that_o be_v make_v on_o our_o sense_n by_o outward_a object_n that_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o its_o own_o operation_n about_o these_o impression_n reflect_v on_o by_o its_o self_n as_o proper_a object_n to_o be_v contemplate_v by_o it_o be_v i_o conceive_v the_o original_a of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o the_o first_o capacity_n of_o (null)_o intellect_n be_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v fit_v to_o receive_v the_o impression_n make_v on_o it_o either_o through_o the_o sense_n by_o outward_a object_n or_o by_o its_o own_o operation_n when_o it_o reflect_v on_o they_o this_o be_v the_o first_o step_n a_o man_n make_v towards_o the_o discovery_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o the_o groundwork_n whereon_o to_o build_v all_o those_o notion_n which_o ever_o he_o shall_v have_v natural_o in_o this_o world_n all_o those_o sublime_a thought_n which_o tower_n above_o the_o cloud_n and_o reach_v as_o high_a as_o heaven_n its_o self_n take_v their_o
their_o audience_n in_o the_o brain_n the_o mind_n presence-room_n as_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o be_v any_o of_o they_o so_o disorder_v as_o not_o to_o perform_v their_o function_n they_o have_v no_o postern_n to_o be_v admit_v by_o no_o other_o way_n to_o bring_v themselves_o into_o view_n and_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o understanding_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o touch_n be_v heat_n and_o cold_a and_o solidity_n all_o the_o rest_n consist_v almost_o whole_o in_o the_o sensible_a configuration_n as_o smooth_a and_o rough_a or_o else_o more_o or_o less_o firm_a adhesion_n of_o the_o part_n as_o hard_a and_o soft_a tough_a and_o brittle_a be_v obvious_a enough_o §_o 2._o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o particular_a simple_a idea_n belong_v to_o each_o sense_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o possible_a if_o we_o will_v there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o of_o they_o belong_v to_o most_o of_o the_o sense_n than_o we_o have_v name_n for_o the_o variety_n of_o smell_v which_o be_v as_o many_o almost_o if_o not_o more_o than_o species_n of_o body_n in_o the_o world_n do_v most_o of_o they_o want_v name_n sweet_a and_o stink_v common_o serve_v our_o turn_n for_o these_o idea_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v little_o more_o than_o to_o call_v they_o please_v or_o displease_v though_o the_o smell_n of_o a_o rose_n and_o violet_n both_o sweet_a be_v certain_o very_o distinct_a idea_n nor_o be_v the_o different_a taste_n that_o be_v in_o nature_n much_o better_o provide_v with_o name_n sweet_a bitter_a and_o sour_a harsh_a and_o salt_n be_v almost_o all_o we_o have_v to_o denominate_v all_o the_o variety_n of_o relish_v which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v distinct_a not_o only_o in_o almost_o every_o sort_n of_o creature_n but_o in_o the_o different_a part_n of_o the_o same_o plant_n or_o animal_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o colour_n and_o sound_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o account_n of_o simple_a idea_n i_o be_o here_o give_v content_v myself_o to_o set_v down_o only_o such_o as_o be_v most_o material_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n or_o be_v in_o themselves_o less_o apt_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o though_o they_o be_v very_o frequent_o the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n among_o which_o i_o think_v i_o may_v well_o account_v solidity_n which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n iu._n of_o solidity_n §_o 1._o the_o idea_n of_o solidity_n we_o receive_v by_o our_o touch_n and_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o resistance_n we_o find_v in_o body_n to_o the_o entrance_n of_o any_o other_o body_n into_o the_o place_n it_o possess_v till_o it_o have_v leave_v it_o there_o be_v no_o idea_n which_o we_o receive_v more_o constant_o from_o sensation_n than_o solidity_n whether_o we_o move_v or_o rest_n in_o what_o posture_n soever_o we_o be_v we_o always_o feel_v something_o under_o we_o that_o support_v we_o and_o hinder_v our_o far_a sink_v downward_o and_o the_o body_n we_o daily_o handle_v make_v we_o perceive_v that_o whilst_o they_o remain_v between_o they_o they_o do_v by_o a_o insurmountable_a force_n hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o part_n of_o our_o hand_n that_o press_v they_o that_o which_o thus_o hinder_v the_o approach_n of_o two_o body_n when_o they_o be_v move_v one_o towards_o another_o i_o call_v solidity_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v whether_o this_o acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n solid_a be_v near_o to_o its_o original_a signification_n than_o that_o which_o mathematician_n use_v it_o in_o it_o suffice_v that_o i_o think_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o solidity_n will_v allow_v if_o not_o justify_v this_o use_n of_o it_o but_o if_o any_o one_o think_v it_o better_a to_o call_v it_o impenetrability_n he_o have_v my_o consent_n only_o i_o have_v think_v the_o term_n solidity_n the_o more_o proper_a to_o express_v this_o idea_n not_o only_o because_o of_o its_o vulgar_a use_n in_o that_o sense_n but_o also_o because_o it_o carry_v something_o more_o of_o positive_a in_o it_o than_o impenetrability_n which_o be_v negative_a and_o be_v perhaps_o more_o a_o consequence_n of_o solidity_n than_o solidity_n itself_o this_o of_o all_o other_o seem_v the_o idea_n most_o intimate_o connect_v with_o and_o essential_a to_o body_n so_o as_o no_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v or_o imagine_v but_o only_o in_o matter_n which_o though_o our_o sense_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o but_o in_o mass_n of_o matter_n of_o a_o bulk_n sufficient_a to_o cause_v a_o sensation_n in_o we_o yet_o the_o mind_n have_v once_o get_v this_o idea_n from_o such_o grosser_n sensible_a body_n trace_n it_o far_o and_o consider_v it_o as_o well_o as_o figure_n in_o the_o minute_a particle_n of_o matter_n that_o can_v exist_v and_o find_v it_o inseparable_o inherent_a in_o body_n wherever_o or_o however_o modify_v §_o 2._o this_o be_v the_o idea_n belong_v to_o body_n whereby_o we_o conceive_v it_o to_o fill_v space_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o fill_v of_o space_n be_v that_o where_o we_o imagine_v any_o space_n take_v up_o by_o a_o solid_a substance_n we_o conceive_v it_o so_o to_o possess_v it_o that_o it_o exclude_v all_o other_o solid_a substance_n and_o will_v for_o ever_o hinder_v any_o two_o other_o body_n that_o move_v towards_o one_o another_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n from_o come_v to_o touch_v one_o another_o unless_o it_o remove_v from_o between_o they_o in_o a_o line_n not_o parallel_n to_o that_o they_o move_v in_o this_o idea_n of_o it_o the_o body_n we_o ordinary_o handle_v sufficient_o furnish_v we_o with_o §_o 3._o this_o resistance_n whereby_o it_o keep_v other_o body_n out_o of_o the_o space_n it_o possess_v be_v so_o great_a that_o no_o force_n how_o great_a soever_o can_v surmount_v it_o all_o the_o body_n in_o the_o world_n press_v a_o drop_n of_o water_n on_o all_o side_n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o overcome_v the_o resistance_n it_o will_v make_v as_o soft_a as_o it_o be_v to_o their_o approach_v one_o another_o till_o it_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o their_o way_n whereby_o our_o idea_n of_o solidity_n be_v distinguish_v both_o from_o pure_a space_n which_o be_v capable_a neither_o of_o resistance_n nor_o motion_n and_o the_o ordinary_a idea_n of_o hardness_n for_o a_o man_n may_v conceive_v two_o body_n at_o a_o distance_n so_o as_o they_o may_v approach_v one_o another_o without_o touch_v or_o displace_v any_o solid_a thing_n till_o their_o superficies_n come_v to_o meet_v whereby_o i_o think_v we_o have_v the_o clear_a idea_n of_o space_n without_o solidity_n for_o not_o to_o go_v so_o far_o as_o annihilation_n of_o any_o particular_a body_n i_o ask_v whether_o a_o man_n can_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o one_o single_a body_n alone_o without_o any_o other_o other_o succeed_v immediate_o into_o its_o place_n which_o i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a he_o can_v the_o idea_n of_o motion_n in_o one_o body_n no_o more_o include_v the_o idea_n of_o motion_n in_o another_o than_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o square_a figure_n in_o one_o body_n include_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o square_a figure_n in_o another_o i_o do_v not_o ask_v whether_o body_n do_v so_o exist_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o one_o body_n can_v real_o be_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o another_o to_o determine_v this_o either_o way_n be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o or_o against_o a_o vacuum_n but_o my_o question_n be_v whether_o one_o can_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o one_o body_n move_v whilst_o other_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o i_o think_v this_o no_o one_o will_v denyâ—_n if_o so_o than_o the_o place_v it_o desert_v give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o pure_a space_n without_o solidity_n whereinto_o another_o body_n may_v enter_v without_o either_o resistance_n or_o protrusion_n of_o any_o thing_n when_o the_o sucker_n in_o a_o pump_n be_v draw_v the_o space_n it_o fill_v in_o the_o tube_n be_v certain_o the_o same_o whether_o any_o other_o body_n follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sucker_n or_o no_o nor_o do_v it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n that_o upon_o the_o motion_n of_o one_o body_n another_o that_o be_v only_o contiguous_a to_o it_o shall_v not_o follow_v it_o the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o motion_n be_v build_v only_o on_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o world_n be_v full_a but_o not_o on_o the_o distinct_a idea_n of_o space_n and_o solidity_n which_o be_v as_o different_a as_o resistance_n and_o not_o resistance_n protrusion_n and_o not_o protrusion_n and_o that_o man_n have_v idea_n of_o space_n without_o body_n their_o very_a dispute_n about_o a_o vacuum_n plain_o demonstrate_v as_o be_v show_v in_o another_o place_n §_o 4._o solidity_n be_v hereby_o also_o difference_v from_o hardness_n in_o that_o solidity_n consist_v in_o repletion_n and_o so_o a_o
delight_n or_o uneasiness_n which_o be_v the_o name_n i_o shall_v most_o common_o use_v for_o those_o two_o sort_n of_o idea_n §_o 3._o the_o infinite_o wise_a author_n of_o our_o be_v have_v give_v we_o the_o power_n over_o several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n to_o move_v or_o keep_v they_o at_o rest_n as_o we_o think_v fit_a and_o also_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o they_o to_o move_v ourselves_o and_o other_o contiguous_a body_n in_o which_o consist_v all_o the_o action_n of_o our_o body_n he_o have_v also_o give_v a_o power_n to_o our_o mind_n in_o several_a instance_n to_o choose_v among_o its_o idea_n which_o it_o will_v think_v on_o and_o to_o pursue_v the_o enquiry_n of_o this_o or_o that_o subject_a with_o consideration_n and_o attention_n to_o excite_v we_o to_o these_o action_n of_o think_v and_o motion_n that_o we_o be_v capaple_n of_o he_o have_v be_v please_v to_o join_v to_o several_a thought_n and_o several_a sensation_n a_o perception_n of_o delight_n this_o if_o it_o be_v whole_o separate_v from_o all_o our_o outward_a sensation_n and_o inward_a thought_n we_o shall_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o prefer_v one_o thought_n or_o action_n to_o another_o negligence_n to_o attention_n or_o motion_n to_o rest._n and_o so_o we_o shall_v neither_o stir_v our_o body_n nor_o employ_v our_o mind_n but_o let_v our_o thought_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o run_v a_o drift_n without_o any_o direction_n or_o design_n and_o suffer_v the_o idea_n of_o our_o mind_n like_o unregarded_a shadow_n to_o make_v their_o appearance_n there_o as_o it_o happen_v without_o attend_v to_o they_o in_o which_o state_n man_n however_o furnish_v with_o the_o faculty_n of_o understanding_n and_o will_n will_v be_v a_o very_a idle_a unactive_a creature_n and_o pass_v his_o time_n only_o in_o a_o lazy_a lethargic_a dream_n it_o have_v therefore_o please_v our_o wise_a creator_n to_o annex_v to_o several_a object_n and_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o they_o as_o also_o to_o several_a of_o our_o thought_n a_o concomitant_a pleasure_n and_o that_o in_o several_a object_n to_o several_a degree_n that_o those_o faculty_n he_o have_v endow_v we_o with_o may_v not_o remain_v whole_o idle_a and_o unemployed_a by_o we_o §_o 4._o pain_n have_v the_o same_o efficacy_n and_o use_n to_o set_v we_o on_o work_n that_o pleasure_n have_v we_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o employ_v our_o faculty_n to_o avoid_v that_o as_o to_o pursue_v the_o other_o only_o this_o be_v worth_a our_o consideration_n that_o it_o be_v often_o produce_v by_o the_o same_o object_n and_o idea_n that_o produce_v pleasure_n in_o we_o this_o their_o near_a conjunction_n which_o make_v we_o often_o feel_v pain_n in_o the_o sensation_n where_o we_o expect_v pleasure_n give_v we_o new_a occasion_n of_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o our_o maker_n who_o design_v the_o preservation_n of_o our_o be_v have_v annex_v pain_n to_o the_o application_n of_o many_o thing_n to_o our_o body_n to_o warn_v we_o of_o the_o harm_n they_o will_v do_v and_o as_o advice_n to_o withdraw_v from_o they_o but_o he_o not_o design_v our_o preservation_n bare_o but_o the_o preservation_n of_o every_o part_n and_o organ_n in_o its_o perfection_n have_v in_o many_o case_n annex_v pain_n to_o those_o very_a idea_n which_o delight_v we_o thus_o heat_v that_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o we_o in_o one_o degree_n by_o a_o little_o great_a increase_n of_o it_o prove_v no_o ordinary_a torment_n and_o the_o most_o pleasant_a of_o all_o sensible_a object_n light_v itself_o if_o there_o be_v too_o much_o of_o it_o if_o increase_v beyond_o a_o due_a proportion_n to_o our_o eye_n cause_n a_o very_a painful_a sensation_n which_o be_v wise_o and_o favourable_o so_o order_v by_o nature_n that_o when_o any_o object_n do_v by_o the_o vehemence_n of_o its_o operation_n disorder_n the_o instrument_n of_o sensation_n who_o structure_n can_v but_o be_v very_o nice_a and_o delicate_a we_o may_v by_o the_o pain_n be_v warn_v to_o withdraw_v before_o the_o organ_n be_v quite_o put_v out_o of_o order_n and_o so_o be_v unfit_a for_o its_o proper_a sunction_n for_o the_o future_a the_o consideration_n of_o those_o object_n that_o produce_v it_o may_v well_o persuade_v we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o end_n or_o use_v of_o pain_n for_o though_o great_a light_n be_v insufferable_a to_o our_o eye_n yet_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o darkness_n do_v not_o at_o all_o disease_n they_o because_o that_o cause_v no_o disorderly_a motion_n in_o it_o leave_v that_o curious_a organ_n unharmed_a in_o its_o natural_a state_n but_o yet_o excess_n of_o cold_a as_o well_o as_o heat_n pain_n we_o because_o it_o be_v equal_o destructive_a to_o that_o temper_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o several_a function_n of_o the_o body_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o moderate_a degree_n of_o warmth_n or_o if_o you_o please_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o our_o body_n confine_v within_o certain_a bound_n §_o 5._o beyond_o all_o this_o we_o may_v find_v another_o reason_n why_o god_n have_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o several_a degree_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n in_o all_o the_o thing_n that_o environ_v and_o affect_v we_o and_o blend_v they_o together_o in_o almost_o all_o that_o our_o thought_n and_o sense_n have_v to_o do_v with_o that_o we_o find_v imperfection_n dissatisfaction_n and_o want_v of_o complete_a happiness_n in_o all_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o creature_n can_v afford_v we_o may_v be_v lead_v to_o seek_v it_o in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o he_o with_o who_o there_o be_v fullness_n of_o joy_n and_o at_o who_o right_a hand_n be_v pleasure_n for_o evermore_o §_o 6._o though_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v may_v not_o perhaps_o make_v the_o idea_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n clear_a to_o we_o than_o our_o own_o experience_n do_v which_o be_v the_o only_a way_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v they_o yet_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v annex_v to_o so_o many_o other_o idea_n serve_v to_o give_v we_o due_a sentiment_n of_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o sovereign_a disposer_n of_o all_o thing_n may_v not_o be_v unsuitable_a to_o the_o main_a end_n of_o these_o inquiry_n the_o knowledge_n and_o veneration_n of_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o all_o our_o thought_n and_o the_o proper_a business_n of_o all_o understanding_n §_o 7._o existence_n and_o unity_n be_v two_o other_o idea_n that_o be_v suggest_v to_o the_o understanding_n by_o every_o object_n without_o and_o every_o idea_n within_o when_o idea_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o consider_v they_o as_o be_v actual_o there_o as_o well_o as_o we_o consider_v thing_n to_o be_v actual_o without_o we_o which_o be_v that_o they_o exist_v or_o have_v existence_n and_o whatever_o we_o can_v consider_v as_o one_o thing_n whether_o a_o real_a be_v or_o idea_n suggest_v to_o the_o understanding_n the_o idea_n of_o unity_n §_o 8._o power_n also_o be_v another_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n for_o observe_v in_o ourselves_o that_o we_o do_v and_o can_v think_v and_o that_o we_o can_v at_o pleasure_n move_v several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n the_o effect_n also_o that_o natural_a body_n be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o one_o another_o occur_v every_o moment_n to_o our_o sense_n we_o both_o these_o way_n get_v the_o idea_n of_o power_n §_o 9_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v another_o idea_n which_o though_o suggest_v by_o our_o sense_n yet_o be_v more_o constant_o offer_v we_o by_o what_o pass_v in_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o that_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o succession_n for_o if_o we_o will_v look_v immediate_o into_o ourselves_o and_o reflect_v on_o what_o be_v observable_a there_o we_o shall_v find_v our_o idea_n always_o whilst_o we_o be_v awake_a or_o have_v any_o thought_n pass_v in_o train_n one_o go_v and_o another_o come_n without_o intermission_n §_o 10._o these_o if_o they_o be_v not_o all_o be_v at_o least_o as_o i_o think_v the_o most_o considerable_a of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o the_o mind_n have_v and_o out_o of_o which_o be_v make_v all_o its_o other_o knowledge_n all_o which_o it_o receive_v only_o by_o the_o two_o forementioned_a way_n of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n nor_o let_v any_o one_o think_v these_o too_o narrow_a bound_n for_o the_o capacious_a mind_n of_o man_n to_o expatiate_v in_o which_o take_v its_o flight_n far_o than_o the_o star_n and_o can_v be_v confine_v by_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o world_n that_o extend_v its_o thought_n often_o even_o beyond_o the_o utmost_a expansion_n of_o matter_n and_o make_v excursion_n into_o that_o incomprehensible_a inane_fw-la i_o grant_v all_o this_o but_o
reduce_v it_o to_o insensible_a part_n can_v never_o take_v away_o either_o solidity_n extension_n figure_n or_o mobility_n from_o any_o body_n but_o only_o make_v two_o distinct_a body_n or_o more_o of_o one_o which_o altogether_o after_o division_n have_v their_o certain_a number_n §_o 11._o the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v how_o body_n operate_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o that_o be_v manifest_o by_o impulse_n and_o nothing_o else_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o body_n shall_v operate_v on_o what_o it_o do_v not_o touch_v which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o imagine_v it_o can_v operate_v where_o it_o be_v not_o or_o when_o it_o do_v touch_v operate_v any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o motion_n §_o 12._o if_o then_o body_n can_v operate_v at_o a_o distance_n if_o external_a object_n be_v not_o unite_v to_o our_o mind_n when_o they_o produce_v idea_n in_o it_o and_o yet_o we_o perceive_v these_o original_a quality_n in_o such_o of_o they_o as_o single_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o some_o motion_n must_v be_v thence_o continue_v by_o our_o nerve_n or_o animal_n spirit_n by_o some_o part_n of_o our_o body_n to_o the_o brain_n the_o seat_n of_o sensation_n there_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o particular_a idea_n we_o have_v of_o they_o and_o since_o the_o extension_n figure_n number_n and_o motion_n of_o body_n of_o a_o observable_a bigness_n may_v be_v perceive_v at_o a_o distance_n by_o the_o sight_n it_o be_v evident_a some_o single_o imperceptible_a body_n must_v come_v from_o they_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o thereby_o convey_v to_o the_o brain_n some_o motion_n which_o produce_v these_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o they_o in_o we_o §_o 13._o after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o idea_n of_o these_o original_a quality_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o we_o may_v conceive_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o secundary_a quality_n be_v also_o produce_v viz._n by_o the_o operation_n of_o insensible_a particle_n on_o our_o sense_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o be_v body_n and_o good_a store_n of_o body_n each_o whereof_o be_v so_o small_a that_o we_o can_v by_o any_o of_o our_o sense_n discover_v either_o their_o bulk_n figure_n or_o motion_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n and_o other_o extreme_o small_a than_o those_o perhaps_o as_o much_o less_o than_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n or_o water_n as_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n or_o water_n be_v small_a than_o pease_n or_o hailstone_n let_v we_o suppose_v at_o present_a that_o the_o different_a motion_n and_o figure_n bulk_n and_o number_n of_o such_o particle_n affect_v the_o several_a organ_n of_o our_o sense_n produce_v in_o we_o those_o different_a sensation_n which_o we_o have_v from_o the_o colour_n and_o smell_v of_o body_n v_o g._n a_o violet_n by_o which_o impulse_n of_o those_o insensible_a particle_n of_o matter_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o bulk_n and_o in_o a_o different_a degree_n and_o modification_n we_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o blue_a colour_n and_o sweet_a scent_n of_o a_o violet_n produce_v in_o our_o mind_n it_o be_v no_o more_o conceive_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o god_n shall_v annex_v such_o idea_n to_o such_o motion_n with_o which_o they_o have_v no_o similitude_n than_o that_o he_o shall_v annex_v the_o idea_n of_o pain_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o steel_n divide_v our_o flesh_n with_o which_o that_o idea_n have_v no_o resemblance_n §_o 14._o what_o i_o have_v say_v concern_v colour_n and_o smell_v may_v be_v understand_v also_o of_o taste_n and_o sound_v and_o other_o the_o like_o sensible_a quality_n which_o whatever_o reality_n we_o by_o mistake_n attribute_n to_o they_o be_v in_o truth_n nothing_o in_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o power_n to_o produce_v various_a sensation_n in_o we_o and_o depend_v on_o those_o primary_n quality_n viz._n bulk_n figure_n texture_n and_o motion_n of_o part_n and_o therefore_o i_o call_v they_o secundary_a quality_n §_o 15._o from_o whence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o draw_v this_o observation_n that_o the_o idea_n of_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n be_v resemblance_n of_o they_o and_o their_o pattern_n do_v real_o exist_v in_o the_o body_n themselves_o but_o the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o by_o these_o secundary_a quality_n have_v no_o resemblance_n of_o they_o at_o all_o there_o be_v nothing_o like_o our_o idea_n exist_v in_o the_o body_n themselves_o they_o be_v in_o the_o body_n we_o denominate_v from_o they_o only_o a_o power_n to_o produce_v those_o sensation_n in_o we_o and_o what_o be_v sweet_a blue_n or_o warm_a in_o idea_n be_v but_o the_o certain_a bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o call_v so_o §_o 16._o flame_n be_v denominate_v hot_a and_o lighâ—â—_n snow_n white_a and_o cold_a and_o manna_n white_a and_o sweet_a from_o the_o idea_n thâ—â—_n produce_v in_o we_o which_o quality_n be_v common_o think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o those_o body_n that_o those_o idea_n be_v in_o we_o the_o one_o the_o perfect_a resemblance_n of_o the_o other_o as_o they_o be_v in_o a_o mirror_n and_o it_o will_v by_o most_o man_n be_v judge_v very_o extravagant_a if_o one_o shall_v say_v otherwise_o and_o yet_o he_o that_o will_v consider_v that_o the_o same_o fire_n that_o at_o one_o distance_n produce_v in_o we_o the_o sensation_n of_o warmth_n do_v at_o a_o near_a approach_n produce_v in_o we_o the_o far_o different_a sensation_n of_o pain_n aught_o to_o bethink_v himself_o what_o reason_n he_o have_v to_o say_v that_o his_o idea_n of_o warmth_n which_o be_v produce_v in_o he_o by_o the_o fire_n be_v actual_o in_o the_o fire_n and_o his_o idea_n of_o pain_n which_o the_o same_o fire_n produce_v in_o he_o the_o same_o way_n be_v not_o in_o the_o fire_n why_o be_v whiteness_n and_o coldness_n in_o snow_n and_o pain_n not_o when_o it_o produce_v the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o idea_n in_o we_o and_o can_v do_v neither_o but_o by_o the_o bulk_n figure_n number_n and_o motion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n §_o 17._o the_o particular_a bulk_n number_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o fire_n or_o snow_n be_v real_o in_o they_o whether_o any_o one_o sense_n perceive_v they_o or_o no_o and_o therefore_o they_o may_v be_v call_v real_a quality_n they_o real_o exist_v in_o those_o body_n but_o light_n heatt_z whiteness_n or_o coldness_n be_v no_o more_o real_o in_o they_o than_o sickness_n or_o pain_n be_v in_o manna_n take_v away_o the_o sensation_n of_o they_o let_v not_o the_o eye_n see_v light_a or_o colour_n nor_o the_o ear_n hear_v sound_n let_v the_o palate_n not_o taste_n nor_o the_o nose_n smell_v and_o all_o colour_n taste_n odour_n and_o sound_v as_o they_o be_v such_o particular_a idea_n vanish_v and_o cease_v and_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o cause_n i._n e._n bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o part_n §_o 18._o a_o piece_n of_o manna_n of_o a_o sensible_a bulk_n be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o round_a or_o square_a figure_n and_o by_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o the_o idea_n of_o motion_n this_o idea_n of_o motion_n represent_v it_o as_o it_o real_o be_v in_o the_o manna_n move_v a_o circle_n or_o square_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o in_o idea_n or_o existence_n in_o the_o mind_n or_o in_o the_o manna_n and_o this_o both_o motion_n and_o figure_n be_v real_o in_o the_o manna_n whether_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o or_o no_o this_o every_o body_n be_v ready_a to_o agree_v to_o beside_o manna_n by_o the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n and_o motion_n of_o its_o part_n have_v a_o power_n to_o produce_v the_o sensation_n of_o sickness_n and_o sometime_o of_o acute_a pain_n or_o gripe_n in_o we_o that_o these_o idea_n of_o sickness_n and_o pain_n be_v not_o in_o the_o manna_n but_o effect_n of_o its_o operation_n on_o we_o and_o be_v no_o where_o when_o we_o feel_v they_o not_o this_o also_o every_o one_o ready_o agree_v to_o and_o yet_o man_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v bring_v to_o think_v that_o sweetness_n and_o whiteness_n be_v not_o real_o in_o manna_n which_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o manna_n by_o the_o motion_n size_n and_o figure_n of_o its_o particle_n on_o the_o eye_n and_o palate_n as_o the_o pain_n and_o sickness_n cause_v by_o manna_n be_v confess_o nothing_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o its_o operation_n on_o the_o stomach_n and_o gut_n by_o the_o size_n motion_n and_o figure_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n for_o by_o nothing_o else_o can_v a_o body_n operate_v as_o have_v be_v prove_v as_o if_o it_o can_v not_o operate_v on_o the_o eye_n and_o palate_n and_o
consider_v these_o quality_n of_o light_n and_o warmth_n which_o be_v perception_n in_o i_o when_o i_o be_o warm_v or_o enlighten_v by_o the_o sun_n be_v no_o otherwise_o in_o the_o sun_n than_o the_o change_v make_v in_o the_o wax_n when_o it_o be_v blanch_v or_o melt_v be_v in_o the_o sun_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o equal_o power_n in_o the_o sun_n depend_v on_o its_o primary_n quality_n whereby_o it_o be_v able_a in_o the_o one_o case_n so_o to_o alter_v the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n or_o motion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o my_o eye_n or_o hand_n as_o thereby_o to_o produce_v in_o i_o the_o idea_n of_o light_n or_o heat_v and_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v able_a so_o to_o alter_v the_o bulk_n figure_n texture_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o the_o wax_n as_o to_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o produce_v in_o i_o the_o distinct_a idea_n of_o white_a and_o fluid_a §_o 25._o the_o reason_n why_o the_o one_o be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o real_a quality_n and_o the_o other_o only_o for_o bare_a power_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o distinct_a colour_n sound_n etc._n etc._n contain_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o they_o of_o bulk_n figure_n or_o motion_n we_o be_v not_o apt_a to_o think_v they_o the_o effect_v of_o these_o primary_n quality_n which_o appear_v not_o to_o our_o sense_n to_o operate_v in_o their_o production_n and_o with_o which_o they_o have_v not_o any_o apparent_a congruity_n or_o conceivable_a connexion_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o be_v so_o forward_o to_o imagine_v that_o those_o idea_n be_v the_o resemblance_n of_o something_o real_o exist_v in_o the_o object_n themselves_o since_o sensation_n discover_v nothing_o of_o bulk_n figure_n or_o motion_n of_o part_n in_o their_o production_n nor_o can_v reason_n show_v how_o body_n by_o their_o bulk_n figure_n and_o motion_n shall_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o blue_a or_o yellow_a etc._n etc._n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n in_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n change_v the_o quality_n one_o of_o another_o we_o plain_o discover_v that_o the_o quality_n produce_v have_v common_o no_o resemblance_n with_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o thing_n produce_v it_o wherefore_o we_o look_v on_o it_o as_o a_o bare_a effect_n of_o power_n for_o though_o receive_v the_o idea_n of_o heat_n or_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n we_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v it_o be_v a_o perception_n and_o resemblance_n of_o such_o a_o quality_n in_o the_o sun_n yet_o when_o we_o see_v wax_n or_o a_o fair_a face_n receive_v change_n of_o colour_n from_o the_o sun_n we_o can_v imagine_v that_o to_o be_v the_o reception_n or_o resemblance_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o sun_n because_o we_o find_v not_o those_o different_a colour_n in_o the_o sun_n itself_o for_o our_o sense_n be_v able_a to_o observe_v a_o likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n of_o sensible_a quality_n in_o two_o different_a external_a object_n we_o forward_o enough_o conclude_v the_o production_n of_o any_o sensible_a quality_n in_o any_o subject_a to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o bare_a power_n and_o not_o the_o communication_n of_o any_o quality_n which_o be_v real_o in_o the_o efficient_a when_o we_o find_v no_o such_o sensible_a quality_n in_o the_o thing_n that_o produce_v it_o but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v any_o unlikeness_n between_o the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o object_n produce_v it_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v that_o our_o idea_n be_v resemblance_n of_o something_o in_o the_o object_n and_o not_o the_o effect_n of_o certain_a power_n place_v in_o the_o modification_n of_o their_o primary_n quality_n with_o which_o primary_n quality_n the_o idea_n produce_v in_o we_o have_v no_o resemblance_n §_o 26._o to_o conclude_v beside_o those_o before_o mention_v primary_n quality_n in_o body_n viz._n bulk_n figure_n extension_n number_n and_o motion_n of_o their_o solid_a part_n all_o the_o rest_n whereby_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o body_n and_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o several_a power_n in_o they_o depend_v on_o those_o primary_n quality_n whereby_o they_o be_v fit_v either_o by_o immediate_o operate_n on_o our_o body_n to_o produce_v several_a different_a idea_n in_o we_o or_o else_o by_o operate_n on_o other_o body_n so_o to_o change_v their_o primary_n quality_n as_o to_o render_v they_o capable_a of_o produce_v idea_n in_o we_o different_a from_o what_o before_o they_o do_v the_o former_a of_o these_o i_o think_v may_v be_v call_v secundary_a quality_n immediate_o perceivable_a the_o late_a secundary_a quality_n mediate_o perceivable_a chap._n ix_o of_o perception_n §_o 1._o perception_n as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n exercise_v about_o our_o idea_n so_o it_o be_v the_o first_o and_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v from_o reflection_n and_o be_v by_o some_o call_v think_v in_o general_n though_o think_v in_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v that_o sort_n of_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n about_o its_o idea_n wherein_o the_o mind_n be_v active_a where_o it_o with_o some_o degree_n of_o voluntary_a attention_n consider_v any_o thing_n for_o in_o bare_a naked_a perception_n the_o mind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o passive_a and_o what_o it_o perceive_v it_o can_v avoid_v perceive_v §_o 2._o what_o perception_n be_v every_o one_o will_v know_v better_o by_o reflect_v on_o what_o he_o do_v himself_o when_o he_o see_v hear_v feel_v etc._n etc._n or_o think_v than_o by_o any_o discourse_n of_o i_o whoever_o reflect_v on_o what_o pass_v in_o himself_o in_o his_o own_o mind_n can_v miss_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o reflect_v all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o world_n can_v make_v he_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o it_o §_o 3._o this_o be_v certain_a that_o whatever_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o body_n if_o they_o reach_v not_o the_o mind_n whatever_o impression_n be_v make_v on_o the_o outward_a part_n if_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o within_o there_o be_v no_o perception_n fire_n may_v burn_v our_o body_n with_o no_o other_o effect_n than_o it_o do_v a_o billet_n unless_o the_o motion_n be_v continue_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o there_o the_o sense_n of_o heat_n or_o idea_n of_o pain_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n wherein_o consist_v actual_a perception_n §_o 4._o how_o often_o may_v a_o man_n observe_v in_o himself_o that_o whilst_o his_o mind_n be_v intent_o employ_v in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o some_o object_n and_o curious_o survey_v some_o idea_n that_o be_v there_o it_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o impression_n of_o sound_a body_n which_o be_v bring_v in_o though_o the_o same_o alteration_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v that_o use_v to_o be_v for_o the_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o sound_n a_o sufficient_a impulse_n there_o may_v be_v on_o the_o organ_n but_o it_o not_o reach_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o mind_n there_o follow_v no_o perception_n and_o though_o the_o motion_n that_o use_v to_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o sound_n be_v make_v in_o the_o ear_n yet_o no_o sound_n be_v hear_v want_v of_o sensation_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o through_o any_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n or_o that_o his_o ear_n be_v less_o affect_v than_o at_o other_o time_n when_o he_o do_v hear_v but_o that_o which_o use_v to_o produce_v the_o idea_n though_o convey_v in_o by_o the_o usual_a organ_n not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o understanding_n there_o follow_v no_o sensation_n so_o that_o wherever_o there_o be_v sense_n or_o perception_n there_o some_o idea_n be_v actual_o produce_v and_o present_a in_o the_o understanding_n §_o 5._o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o child_n by_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o sense_n about_o object_n that_o affect_v they_o in_o the_o womb_n receive_v some_o few_o idea_n before_o they_o be_v bear_v as_o the_o unavoidable_a effect_n either_o of_o the_o body_n that_o environ_v they_o or_o else_o of_o those_o want_v or_o disease_n they_o suffer_v among_o which_o if_o one_o may_v conjecture_v concern_v thing_n not_o very_o capable_a of_o examination_n i_o think_v the_o idea_n of_o hunger_n and_o warmth_n be_v two_o which_o probable_o be_v some_o of_o the_o first_o that_o child_n have_v and_o which_o they_o scarce_o ever_o part_v with_o again_o §_o 6._o but_o though_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o imagine_v that_o child_n receive_v some_o idea_n before_o they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n yet_o these_o simple_a idea_n be_v far_o from_o those_o innate_a principle_n which_o some_o contend_v for_o and_o we_o above_o have_v reject_v these_o here_o mention_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o sensation_n be_v only_o from_o some_o affection_n of_o the_o body_n
which_o happen_v to_o they_o there_o and_o so_o depend_v on_o something_o exterior_a to_o the_o mind_n no_o otherwise_o differ_v in_o their_o manner_n of_o production_n from_o other_o idea_n derive_v from_o sense_n but_o only_o in_o the_o precedency_n of_o time_n whereas_o those_o innate_a principle_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o quite_o another_o nature_n not_o come_v into_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o accidental_a alteration_n in_o or_o operation_n on_o the_o body_n but_o as_o it_o be_v original_a character_n impress_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o very_a first_o moment_n of_o its_o be_v and_o constitution_n §_o 7._o as_o there_o be_v some_o idea_n which_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v may_v be_v introduce_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o child_n in_o the_o womb_n subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o life_n and_o be_v there_o so_o after_o they_o be_v bear_v those_o idea_n be_v the_o early_a imprint_v which_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o sensible_a quality_n which_o first_o occur_v to_o they_o among_o which_o light_n be_v not_o the_o least_o considerable_a nor_o of_o the_o weak_a efficacy_n and_o how_o covetous_a the_o mind_n be_v to_o be_v furnish_v with_o all_o such_o idea_n as_o have_v no_o pain_n accompany_v they_o may_v be_v a_o little_a guess_v by_o what_o be_v observable_a in_o child_n newborn_a who_o always_o turn_v their_o eye_n to_o that_o part_n from_o whence_o the_o light_n come_v lay_v they_o how_o you_o please_v but_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v most_o familiar_a at_o first_o be_v various_a according_a to_o the_o divers_a circumstance_n of_o child_n first_o entertainment_n in_o the_o world_n the_o order_n wherein_o the_o several_a idea_n come_v at_o first_o into_o the_o mind_n be_v very_o various_a and_o uncertain_a also_o neither_o be_v it_o much_o material_a to_o know_v it_o §_o 8._o we_o be_v far_a to_o consider_v concern_v perception_n that_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v by_o sensation_n be_v often_o in_o grow_v people_n alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n without_o our_o take_a notice_n of_o it_o when_o we_o set_v before_o our_o eye_n a_o round_a globe_n of_o any_o uniform_a colour_n v_o g._n gold_n alabaster_n or_o jet_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o idea_n thereby_o imprint_v in_o our_o mind_n be_v of_o a_o flat_a circle_n various_o shadow_v with_o several_a degree_n of_o light_n and_o brightness_n come_v to_o our_o eye_n but_o we_o have_v by_o use_n be_v accustom_v to_o perceive_v what_o kind_n of_o appearance_n convex_v body_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v in_o we_o what_o alteration_n be_v make_v in_o the_o reflection_n of_o light_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sensible_a figure_n of_o body_n the_o judgement_n present_o by_o a_o habitual_a custom_n alter_v the_o appearance_n into_o their_o cause_n so_o that_o from_o that_o which_o true_o be_v variety_n of_o shadow_n or_o colour_n collect_v the_o figure_n it_o make_v it_o pass_v for_o a_o mark_n of_o figure_n and_o frame_v to_o itself_o the_o perception_n of_o a_o convex_a figure_n and_o a_o uniform_a colour_n when_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o thence_o be_v only_o a_o plain_a various_o colour_v as_o be_v evident_a in_o paint_v §_o 9_o but_o this_o be_v not_o i_o think_v usual_a in_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n but_o those_o receive_v by_o sight_n because_o sight_n the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o all_o our_o sense_n convey_v to_o our_o mind_n the_o far_o different_a idea_n of_o light_n and_o colour_n which_o be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o that_o sense_n and_o also_o of_o space_n figure_n and_o motion_n the_o several_a variety_n whereof_o change_v the_o appearance_n of_o its_o proper_a object_n viz._n light_n and_o colour_n it_o accustom_n itself_o by_o use_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o this_o in_o many_o case_n by_o a_o settle_a habit_n in_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v frequent_a experience_n be_v perform_v so_o constant_o and_o so_o quick_a that_o we_o take_v that_o for_o the_o perception_n of_o our_o sensation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o idea_n form_v by_o our_o judgement_n so_o that_o one_o viz._n that_o of_o sensation_n serve_v only_o to_o excite_v the_o other_o and_o be_v scarce_o take_v notice_n of_o itself_o as_o a_o man_n who_o read_v and_o hear_v with_o attention_n and_o understanding_n take_v little_a notice_n of_o the_o character_n or_o sound_v but_o of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v excite_v in_o he_o by_o they_o §_o 10._o nor_o need_v we_o wonder_v that_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o little_a notice_n if_o we_o consider_v how_o very_o quick_a the_o action_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v perform_v for_o as_o itself_o take_v up_o no_o space_n have_v no_o extension_n so_o its_o action_n seem_v to_o require_v no_o time_n but_o many_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v crowd_v into_o a_o instant_a i_o speak_v this_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o body_n any_o one_o may_v easy_o observe_v this_o in_o his_o own_o thought_n who_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o reflect_v on_o they_o how_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o instant_n do_v our_o mind_n with_o one_o glance_n see_v all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o demonstration_n which_o may_v very_o well_o be_v call_v along_o one_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o time_n it_o will_v require_v to_o put_v it_o into_o word_n and_o step_v by_o step_n show_v it_o another_o second_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o much_o surprise_v that_o this_o be_v do_v in_o we_o with_o so_o little_a notice_n if_o we_o consider_v how_o the_o facility_n we_o get_v of_o do_v thing_n by_o a_o custom_n of_o do_v make_v they_o often_o pass_v in_o we_o without_o our_o noticeâ—_n habit_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v begin_v very_o early_o come_v at_o last_o to_o produce_v action_n in_o we_o which_o often_o escape_v our_o observation_n how_o frequent_o do_v we_o in_o a_o day_n cover_v our_o eye_n with_o our_o eyelid_n without_o perceive_v that_o we_o be_v at_o all_o in_o the_o dark_a man_n that_o by_o custom_n have_v get_v the_o use_n of_o a_o byword_n do_v almost_o in_o every_o sentence_n pronounce_v sound_a which_o though_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o other_o they_o themselves_z neither_o hear_v nor_o observe_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o so_o strange_a that_o our_o mind_n shall_v often_o change_v the_o idea_n of_o its_o sensation_n into_o that_o of_o its_o judgement_n and_o make_v one_o serve_v only_o to_o excite_v the_o other_o without_o our_o take_a notice_n of_o it_o §_o 11._o this_o faculty_n of_o perception_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v that_o which_o put_v the_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o â—he_v inferior_a part_n of_o nature_n for_o however_o vegetable_n have_v many_o of_o they_o some_o degree_n of_o motion_n and_o upon_o the_o different_a application_n of_o other_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v to_o they_o do_v very_o brisk_o alter_v their_o figure_n and_o motion_n and_o so_o have_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o sensitive_a plant_n from_o a_o motion_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o that_o which_o in_o animal_n follow_v upon_o sensationâ—_n yet_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v all_o bare_a mechanism_n and_o no_o otherwise_o produce_v than_o the_o turn_n of_o a_o wild_a oatbeard_n by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o moisture_n or_o the_o shorten_n of_o a_o rope_n by_o the_o affusion_n of_o water_n all_o which_o be_v do_v without_o any_o sensation_n in_o the_o subject_a or_o the_o have_v or_o receive_v any_o idea_n §_o 12._o perception_n i_o believe_v be_v in_o some_o degree_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n though_o in_o some_o possible_o the_o avenue_n provide_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o sensation_n be_v so_o few_o by_o nature_n and_o the_o perception_n they_o be_v receive_v with_o so_o obscure_a and_o dull_a that_o it_o come_v extreme_o short_a of_o the_o quickness_n and_o variety_n of_o sensation_n which_o be_v in_o other_o animal_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o and_o wise_o adapt_v to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o animal_n who_o be_v thus_o constitute_v by_o nature_n so_o that_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o maker_n plain_o appear_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o this_o stupendous_a fabric_n and_o all_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o rank_n of_o creature_n in_o it_o §_o 13._o we_o may_v i_o think_v from_o the_o make_v of_o a_o oyster_n or_o cockle_n reasonable_o conclude_v that_o it_o have_v not_o so_o many_o nor_o so_o quick_a sense_n as_o a_o man_n or_o several_a other_o animal_n nor_o if_o it_o have_v will_v it_o in_o that_o state_n and_o incapacity_n of_o transfer_v itself_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o be_v better_v by_o they_o what_o good_a will_v sight_n and_o hear_v do_v to_o a_o creature_n that_o can_v move_v itself_o to_o or_o from_o the_o object_n wherein_o at_o a_o distance_n it_o perceive_v good_a or_o
evil_a and_o will_v not_o quickness_n of_o sensation_n be_v a_o inconvenience_n to_o a_o animal_n that_o must_v lie_v still_o where_o chance_n have_v once_o place_v it_o and_o there_o receive_v the_o afflux_n of_o cold_a or_o warm_a clean_a or_o foul_a water_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o come_v to_o it_o §_o 14._o but_o yet_o i_o can_v but_o think_v there_o be_v some_o small_a dull_a perception_n whereby_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o perfect_a insensibility_n and_o that_o this_o may_v be_v so_o we_o have_v plain_a instance_n even_o in_o mankind_n itself_o take_v one_o in_o who_o decrepit_a old_a age_n have_v blot_v out_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o past_a knowledge_n and_o clear_o wipe_v out_o the_o idea_n his_o mind_n be_v former_o store_v with_o and_o have_v by_o destroy_v his_o sight_n hear_v and_o smell_v quite_o and_o his_o taste_n to_o a_o great_a degree_n stop_v up_o almost_o all_o the_o passage_n for_o new_a one_o to_o enter_v or_o if_o there_o be_v some_o of_o the_o inlet_n yet_o half_o open_a the_o impression_n make_v be_v scarce_o perceive_v or_o not_o at_o all_o retain_v how_o far_o such_o a_o one_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o be_v boast_v of_o innate_a principle_n be_v in_o his_o knowledge_n and_o intellectual_a faculty_n above_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o cockle_n or_o a_o oyster_n i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v pass_v sixty_o year_n in_o such_o a_o state_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v as_o well_o as_o three_o day_n i_o wonder_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v have_v be_v in_o any_o intellectual_a perfection_n between_o he_o and_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o animal_n perception_n then_o be_v the_o first_o step_n and_o degree_n towards_o knowledge_n and_o the_o inlet_n of_o all_o the_o material_n of_o it_o the_o few_o sense_n any_o man_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o creature_n have_v and_o the_o few_o and_o dull_a the_o impression_n be_v that_o be_v make_v by_o they_o and_o the_o dull_a the_o faculty_n be_v that_o be_v employ_v about_o they_o the_o more_o remote_a be_v they_o from_o that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o men._n but_o this_o be_v in_o great_a variety_n of_o degree_n as_o may_v be_v perceive_v among_o man_n can_v certain_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o several_a species_n of_o animal_n much_o less_o in_o their_o particular_a individual_n it_o suffice_v i_o only_o to_o have_v remark_v here_o that_o perception_n be_v the_o first_o operation_n of_o all_o our_o intellectual_a faculty_n and_o the_o inlet_n of_o all_o knowledge_n into_o our_o mind_n and_o i_o be_o apt_a too_o to_o imagine_v that_o it_o be_v perception_n in_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o which_o put_v the_o boundary_n between_o animal_n and_o the_o inferior_a rank_n of_o creature_n but_o this_o i_o mention_v only_o as_o my_o conjecture_n by_o the_o bye_n it_o be_v indifferent_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n which_o way_n the_o learned_a shall_v determine_v of_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o retention_n §_o 1._o the_o next_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o it_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n towards_o knowledge_n be_v that_o i_o call_v retention_n or_o the_o keep_n of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n it_o have_v receive_v which_o be_v do_v two_o way_n first_o either_o by_o keep_v the_o idea_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o it_o for_o some_o time_n actual_o in_o view_n which_o be_v call_v contemplation_n §_o 2._o the_o other_o be_v the_o power_n to_o revive_v again_o in_o our_o mind_n those_o idea_n which_o after_o imprint_v have_v disappear_v or_o have_v be_v as_o it_o be_v lay_v aside_o out_o of_o sight_n and_o thus_o we_o do_v when_o we_o conceive_v heat_n or_o light_n yellow_a or_o sweet_a the_o object_n be_v remove_v and_o this_o be_v memory_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o storehouse_n of_o our_o idea_n for_o the_o narrow_a mind_n of_o man_n not_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v many_o idea_n under_o view_n and_o consideration_n at_o once_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v a_o repository_n to_o lay_v up_o those_o idea_n which_o at_o another_o time_n it_o may_v have_v use_n of_o and_o thus_o it_o be_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o memory_n that_o we_o be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o those_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n which_o though_o we_o do_v not_o actual_o contemplate_v yet_o we_o can_v bring_v in_o sight_n and_o make_v appear_v again_o and_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o thought_n without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o sensible_a quality_n which_o first_o imprint_v they_o there_o §_o 3._o attention_n and_o repetition_n help_v much_o to_o the_o fix_v any_o idea_n in_o our_o memory_n but_o those_o which_o natural_o at_o first_o make_v the_o deep_a and_o most_o last_a impression_n be_v those_o which_o be_v accompany_v with_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n the_o great_a business_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v to_o make_v we_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o hurt_v or_o advantage_n the_o body_n it_o be_v wise_o order_v by_o nature_n as_o have_v be_v show_v that_o pain_n shall_v accompany_v the_o reception_n of_o several_a idea_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o consideration_n and_o reason_v in_o child_n and_o act_v quick_a than_o consideration_n in_o grow_v man_n make_v both_o the_o young_a and_o old_a avoid_v painful_a object_n with_o that_o haste_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n and_o in_o both_o settle_v in_o the_o memory_n a_o caution_n for_o the_o future_a §_o 4._o but_o concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o last_a wherewith_o idea_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o memory_n we_o may_v observe_v first_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o understanding_n either_o by_o the_o object_n affect_v the_o sense_n once_o bare_o and_o no_o more_o especial_o if_o the_o mind_n then_o otherwise_o employ_v take_v but_o little_a notice_n of_o it_o and_o set_v not_o on_o the_o stamp_n deep_a into_o itself_o or_o else_o when_o through_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o body_n or_o otherwise_o the_o memory_n be_v very_o weak_a such_o idea_n quick_o fade_v ad_fw-la vanish_v quite_o out_o of_o the_o understanding_n and_o leave_v it_o as_o clear_v without_o any_o footstep_n or_o remain_v character_n as_o shadow_n do_v fly_v over_o field_n of_o corn_n and_o the_o mind_n be_v as_o void_a of_o they_o as_o if_o they_o never_o have_v be_v there_o §_o 5._o thus_o many_o of_o those_o idea_n which_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o child_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o sensation_n some_o of_o which_o perhaps_o as_o of_o some_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n be_v before_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o other_o in_o their_o infancy_n if_o in_o the_o future_a course_n of_o their_o life_n they_o be_v not_o repeat_v again_o be_v quite_o lose_v without_o the_o least_o glimpse_n remain_v of_o they_o this_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o those_o who_o by_o some_o mischance_n have_v lose_v their_o sight_n when_o they_o be_v very_o young_a in_o who_o the_o idea_n of_o colour_n have_v be_v but_o slight_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o cease_v to_o be_v repeat_v do_v quite_o wear_v out_o so_o that_o some_o year_n after_o there_o be_v no_o more_o notion_n nor_o memory_n of_o colour_n leave_v in_o their_o mind_n than_o in_o those_o of_o people_n bear_v blind_a the_o memory_n in_o some_o man_n it_o be_v true_a be_v very_o tenacious_a even_o to_o a_o miracle_n but_o yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o constant_a decay_n of_o all_o our_o idea_n even_o those_o which_o be_v strike_v deep_a and_o in_o the_o mind_n the_o most_o retentive_a so_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o sometime_o renew_v by_o repeat_v exercise_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o reflection_n about_o those_o kind_n of_o object_n which_o at_o first_o occasion_v they_o the_o print_n wear_v out_o and_o at_o last_o there_o remain_v nothing_o to_o be_v see_v thus_o the_o idea_n as_o well_o as_o child_n of_o our_o youth_n often_o die_v before_o we_o and_o our_o mind_n represent_v to_o we_o those_o tomb_n to_o which_o we_o be_v approach_v where_o though_o the_o brass_n and_o marble_n remain_v yet_o the_o inscription_n be_v efface_v by_o time_n and_o the_o imagery_n moulder_n away_o the_o picture_n draw_v in_o our_o mind_n be_v lay_v in_o fade_a colour_n and_o if_o not_o sometime_o refresh_v vanish_v and_o disappear_v how_o much_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o body_n be_v concern_v in_o this_o and_o whether_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o brain_n make_v this_o difference_n that_o some_o retain_v the_o character_n draw_v on_o it_o like_o marble_n other_o like_o free_a stone_n and_o other_o little_o better_a than_o sand_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o inquire_v though_o it_o may_v seem_v probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o body_n do_v sometime_o influence_n the_o memory_n
correspond_v with_o this_o method_n in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o degree_n thereof_o §_o 17._o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o teach_v but_o to_o inquire_v and_o therefore_o can_v but_o confess_v here_o again_o that_o external_a and_o internal_a sensation_n be_v the_o only_a passage_n i_o can_v find_v of_o knowledge_n to_o the_o understanding_n these_o alone_a as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v discover_v be_v the_o window_n by_o which_o light_n be_v let_v into_o this_o dark_a room_n for_o methinks_v the_o understanding_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_o a_o closet_n whole_o shut_v from_o light_n with_o only_a some_o little_a open_n leave_v to_o let_v in_o external_a visible_a resemblance_n or_o idea_n of_o thing_n without_o which_o will_v they_o but_o stay_v there_o and_o lie_v so_o orderly_o as_o to_o be_v find_v upon_o occasion_n it_o will_v very_o much_o resemble_v the_o understanding_n of_o a_o man_n in_o reference_n to_o all_o object_n of_o sight_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o these_o be_v my_o guess_n concern_v the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o understanding_n come_v to_o have_v and_o retain_v simple_a idea_n and_o the_o mode_n of_o they_o with_o some_o other_o operation_n about_o they_o i_o proceed_v now_o to_o examine_v some_o of_o these_o simple_a idea_n and_o their_o modes_n a_o little_a more_o particular_o chap._n xii_o of_o complex_n idea_n §_o 1._o we_o have_v hitherto_o consider_v those_o idea_n in_o the_o reception_n whereof_o the_o mind_n be_v only_o passive_a which_o be_v those_o simple_a one_o receive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n beforementioned_a whereof_o the_o mind_n can_v make_v any_o one_o to_o itself_o nor_o have_v any_o idea_n which_o do_v not_o whole_o consist_v of_o they_o but_o as_o these_o simple_a idea_n be_v observe_v to_o exist_v in_o several_a combination_n unite_v together_o so_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o power_n to_o consider_v several_a of_o they_o unite_v together_o as_o one_o idea_n and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o external_a object_n but_o as_o itself_o have_v join_v they_o idea_n thus_o make_v up_o of_o several_a simple_a one_o put_v together_o i_o call_v complex_n such_o as_o be_v beauty_n gratitude_n a_o man_n a_o army_n the_o universe_n which_o though_o complicate_v of_o various_a simple_a idea_n or_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o simple_a one_o yet_o be_v when_o the_o mind_n please_v consider_v each_o by_o itself_o as_o one_o entire_a thing_n and_o signify_v by_o one_o name_n §_o 2._o in_o this_o faculty_n of_o repeat_v and_o join_v together_o its_o idea_n the_o mind_n have_v great_a power_n in_o vary_v and_o multiply_v the_o object_n of_o its_o thought_n infinite_o beyond_o what_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n furnish_v it_o with_o but_o all_o this_o still_o confine_v to_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o it_o receive_v from_o those_o two_o source_n and_o which_o be_v the_o ultimate_a material_n of_o all_o its_o composition_n for_o these_o they_o be_v all_o from_o thing_n themselves_o and_o the_o mind_n can_v have_v no_o more_o nor_o other_o simple_a idea_n than_o as_o they_o be_v suggest_v to_o it_o it_o can_v have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n than_o what_o come_v from_o without_o by_o the_o sense_n nor_o any_o idea_n of_o other_o kind_n of_o operation_n of_o a_o think_v substance_n than_o what_o it_o find_v in_o itself_o but_o when_o it_o have_v once_o get_v those_o simple_a idea_n it_o be_v not_o confine_v bare_o to_o observation_n and_o what_o offer_v itself_o from_o without_o it_o can_v by_o its_o own_o power_n put_v together_o those_o idea_n it_o have_v and_o make_v new_a complex_fw-la one_o which_o it_o never_o receive_v so_o unite_v §_o 3._o complex_fw-la ideas_n however_o compound_v and_o decompound_v though_o their_o number_n be_v infinite_a and_o the_o variety_n endless_a wherewith_o they_o fill_v and_o and_o entertain_v the_o thought_n of_o man_n yet_o i_o think_v they_o may_v be_v all_o reduce_v under_o these_o three_o head_n 1._o modes_n 2._o substance_n 3._o relation_n §_o 4._o first_o modes_n i_o call_v such_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o however_o compound_v contain_v not_o in_o they_o the_o supposition_n of_o subsist_v by_o themselves_o but_o be_v consider_v as_o dependence_n on_o or_o affection_n of_o substance_n such_o be_v the_o idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n triangle_n gratitude_n murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o in_o this_o i_o use_v the_o word_n mode_n in_o somewhat_o a_o different_a sense_n from_o its_o ordinary_a signification_n i_o beg_v pardon_n it_o be_v unavoidable_a in_o discourse_n differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a receive_v notion_n either_o to_o make_v new_a word_n or_o to_o use_v old_a word_n in_o somewhat_o a_o new_a signification_n which_o in_o our_o present_a case_n be_v perhaps_o the_o more_o tolerable_a of_o the_o two_o §_o 5._o of_o these_o modes_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o deserve_v distinct_a consideration_n first_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v only_a variation_n or_o different_a combination_n of_o the_o same_o simple_a idea_n without_o the_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o as_o a_o dozen_o or_o score_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n of_o so_o many_o distinct_a unite_v add_v together_o and_o these_o i_o call_v simple_a modes_n as_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o one_o simple_a idea_n second_o there_o be_v other_o compound_v of_o simple_a idea_n of_o several_a kind_n put_v together_o to_o make_v one_o complex_fw-la one_o v_o g._n beauty_n consist_v of_o a_o certain_a composition_n of_o colour_n and_o figure_n cause_v delight_n in_o the_o beholder_n theft_n which_o be_v the_o conceal_a change_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o proprietor_n contain_v as_o be_v visible_a a_o combination_n of_o several_a idea_n of_o several_a kind_n and_o these_o i_o call_v mix_v modes_n §_o 6._o second_o the_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o be_v take_v to_o represent_v distinct_a particular_a thing_n subsist_v by_o themselves_o in_o which_o the_o suppose_a or_o confuse_a idea_n of_o substance_n such_o as_o it_o be_v be_v always_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a thus_o if_o to_o substance_n be_v join_v the_o simple_a idea_n of_o a_o certain_a dull_a whitish_a colour_n with_o certain_a degree_n of_o weight_n hardness_n ductility_n and_o fusibility_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o lead_n and_o a_o combination_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o figure_n with_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n thought_n and_o reason_v join_v to_o substance_n make_v the_o ordinary_a idea_n of_o a_o man._n now_o of_o substance_n also_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o idea_n one_o of_o single_a substance_n as_o they_o exist_v separately_z as_o of_o a_o man_n or_o a_o sheep_n the_o other_o of_o several_a of_o those_o put_v together_o as_o a_o army_n of_o man_n or_o flock_v of_o sheep_n which_o collective_a idea_n of_o several_a substance_n thus_o put_v together_o be_v as_o much_o each_o of_o they_o one_o single_a idea_n as_o that_o of_o a_o man_n or_o a_o unite_n §_o 7._o three_o the_o last_o sort_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v that_o we_o call_v relation_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o consideration_n and_o compare_v one_o idea_n with_o another_o of_o these_o several_a kind_n we_o shall_v treat_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 8._o if_o we_o will_v trace_v the_o progress_n of_o our_o mind_n and_o with_o attention_n observe_v how_o it_o repeat_v add_v together_o and_o unite_v its_o simple_a idea_n receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n it_o will_v lead_v we_o far_o than_o at_o first_o perhaps_o we_o shall_v have_v imagine_v and_o i_o believe_v we_o shall_v find_v if_o we_o wary_o observe_v the_o original_n of_o our_o notion_n that_o even_o the_o most_o abstruse_a idea_n how_o remote_a soever_o they_o may_v seem_v from_o sense_n or_o any_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n be_v yet_o only_o such_o as_o the_o understanding_n frame_v to_o itself_o by_o repeat_v and_o join_v together_o idea_n that_o it_o have_v either_o from_o object_n of_o sense_n or_o its_o own_o operation_n about_o they_o so_o that_o those_o even_o large_a and_o abstract_a idea_n be_v derive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o its_o own_o faculty_n employ_v about_o idea_n receive_v from_o object_n of_o sense_n or_o the_o operation_n it_o observe_v in_o itself_o about_o they_o may_v and_o do_v attain_v unto_o this_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v in_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o space_n time_n and_o infinity_o and_o some_o few_o other_o that_o seem_v the_o most_o remote_a from_o those_o original_n chap._n xiii_o of_o simple_a modes_n and_o first_o of_o the_o simple_a modes_n of_o space_n §_o 1._o though_o in_o the_o forego_n part_n i_o have_v often_o mention_v
and_o distinct_a as_o many_o other_o which_o be_v think_v much_o less_o obscure_a and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o eternity_n itself_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o common_a original_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o idea_n §_o 3._o to_o understand_v time_n and_o eternity_n aright_o we_o ought_v wâ—th_v attention_n to_o consider_v what_o idea_n it_o be_v we_o have_v of_o duration_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o observe_v what_o pass_v in_o his_o own_o mind_n that_o there_o be_v a_o train_n of_o idea_n which_o constant_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o his_o understanding_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v awake_a reflection_n on_o these_o appearance_n of_o several_a idea_n one_o after_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n be_v that_o which_o furnish_v we_o with_o idea_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o distance_n between_o any_o part_n of_o that_o succession_n or_o between_o the_o appearance_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v that_o we_o call_v duration_n for_o whilst_o we_o be_v think_v or_o whilst_o we_o receive_v successive_o several_a idea_n in_o our_o mind_n we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v exist_v and_o so_o we_o call_v the_o existence_n or_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o ourselves_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o commensurate_a to_o the_o succession_n of_o any_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n the_o duration_n of_o ourselves_o or_o any_o such_o other_o thing_n co-existing_a with_o our_o think_v §_o 4._o that_o we_o have_v our_o notion_n of_o succession_n and_o duration_n from_o this_o original_a viz._n from_o reflection_n on_o the_o train_n of_o idea_n which_o we_o find_v to_o appear_v one_o after_o another_o in_o our_o own_o mind_n seem_v plain_a to_o i_o in_o that_o we_o have_v no_o perception_n of_o duration_n but_o by_o consider_v the_o train_n of_o idea_n that_o take_v their_o turn_n in_o our_o understanding_n when_o that_o succession_n of_o idea_n cease_v our_o perception_n of_o duration_n cease_v with_o it_o which_o every_o one_o clear_o experiment_n in_o himself_o whilst_o he_o sleep_v sound_o whether_o a_o hour_n or_o a_o day_n a_o month_n or_o a_o year_n of_o which_o duration_n of_o thing_n whilst_o he_o sleep_v or_o think_v not_o he_o have_v no_o perception_n at_o all_o but_o it_o be_v quite_o lose_v to_o he_o and_o the_o moment_n wherein_o he_o leave_v off_o to_o think_v till_o the_o moment_n he_o begin_v to_o think_v again_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o have_v no_o distance_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v to_o a_o wake_a man_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o keep_v only_o one_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n without_o variation_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o other_o and_o we_o see_v that_o one_o who_o fix_v his_o thought_n very_o intent_o on_o one_o thing_n so_o as_o to_o take_v but_o little_a notice_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o idea_n that_o pass_v in_o his_o mind_n whilst_o he_o be_v take_v up_o with_o that_o earnest_a contemplation_n le_fw-fr we_o slip_v out_o of_o his_o account_n a_o good_a part_n of_o that_o duration_n and_o think_v that_o time_n short_a than_o it_o be_v but_o if_o sleep_n common_o unite_v the_o distant_a part_n of_o duration_n it_o be_v because_o during_o that_o time_n we_o have_v no_o succession_n of_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n for_o if_o a_o man_n during_o his_o sleep_n dream_n and_o variety_n of_o idea_n make_v themselves_o perceptible_a in_o his_o mind_n one_o after_o another_o he_o have_v then_o during_o such_o dream_a a_o sense_n of_o duration_n and_o of_o the_o length_n of_o it_o by_o which_o it_o be_v to_o i_o very_o clear_a that_o man_n derive_v their_o idea_n of_o duration_n from_o their_o reflection_n on_o the_o train_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o observe_v to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o their_o own_o understanding_n without_o which_o observation_n they_o can_v have_v no_o notion_n of_o duration_n whatever_o may_v happen_v in_o the_o world_n §_o 5._o indeed_o a_o man_n have_v from_o reflect_v on_o the_o succession_n and_o number_n of_o his_o own_o thought_n get_v the_o notion_n or_o idea_n of_o duration_n he_o can_v apply_v that_o notion_n to_o thing_n which_o exist_v whilst_o he_o do_v not_o think_v as_o he_o that_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o extension_n from_o body_n by_o his_o sight_n or_o touch_n can_v apply_v it_o to_o distance_n where_o no_o body_n be_v see_v or_o feel_v and_o therefore_o though_o a_o man_n have_v no_o perception_n of_o the_o length_n of_o duration_n which_o pass_v whilst_o he_o sleep_v or_o think_v not_o yet_o have_v observe_v the_o revolution_n of_o day_n and_o night_n and_o find_v the_o length_n of_o their_o duration_n to_o be_v in_o appearance_n regular_a and_o constant_a he_o can_v upon_o the_o supposition_n that_o that_o revolution_n have_v proceed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n whilst_o he_o be_v asleep_a or_o think_v not_o as_o it_o use_v to_o do_v at_o other_o time_n he_o can_v i_o say_v imagine_v and_o make_v allowance_n for_o the_o length_n of_o duration_n whilst_o he_o sleep_v but_o if_o adam_n and_o eve_n when_o they_o be_v alone_o in_o the_o world_n instead_o of_o their_o ordinary_a night_n sleep_n have_v pass_v that_o and_o the_o follow_v 24_o hour_n in_o one_o continue_a sleep_n the_o duration_n of_o that_o 24_o hour_n have_v be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v to_o they_o and_o be_v for_o ever_o leave_v out_o of_o their_o account_n of_o time_n §_o 6._o thus_o by_o reflect_v on_o the_o appear_a of_o various_a idea_n one_o after_o another_o in_o our_o understand_n we_o get_v the_o notion_n of_o succession_n which_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v think_v we_o do_v rather_o get_v from_o our_o observation_n of_o motion_n by_o our_o sense_n he_o will_v perhaps_o be_v of_o my_o mind_n when_o he_o consider_v that_o even_o motion_n produce_v in_o his_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o succession_n no_o otherwise_o than_o as_o it_o produce_v there_o a_o continue_a train_n of_o distinguishable_a idea_n for_o a_o man_n look_v upon_o a_o body_n real_o move_v perceive_v yet_o no_o motion_n at_o all_o unless_o that_o motion_n produce_v a_o constant_a train_n of_o successive_a idea_n v_o g._n a_o man_n becalm_v at_o sea_n out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n in_o a_o fair_a day_n may_v look_v on_o the_o sun_n or_o sea_n or_o ship_n a_o whole_a hour_n together_o and_o perceive_v no_o motion_n at_o all_o in_o either_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o two_o and_o perhaps_o all_o of_o they_o have_v move_v during_o that_o time_n a_o great_a way_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o perceive_v either_o of_o they_o to_o have_v change_v distance_n with_o some_o other_o body_n as_o soon_o as_o this_o motion_n produce_v any_o new_a idea_n in_o he_o than_o he_o perceive_v that_o there_o have_v be_v motion_n but_o wherever_o a_o man_n be_v with_o all_o thing_n at_o rest_n about_o he_o without_o perceive_v any_o motion_n at_o all_o if_o during_o this_o hour_n of_o quiet_a he_o have_v be_v think_v he_o will_v perceive_v the_o various_a idea_n of_o his_o own_o thought_n in_o his_o own_o mind_n appear_v one_o after_o another_o and_o thereby_o observe_v and_o find_v succession_n where_o he_o can_v observe_v no_o motion_n §_o 7._o and_o this_o i_o think_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o motion_n very_o slow_a though_o they_o be_v constant_a be_v not_o perceive_v by_o we_o because_o in_o their_o remove_n from_o one_o sensible_a part_n towards_o another_o their_o change_n of_o distance_n be_v so_o slow_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o new_a idea_n in_o we_o but_o a_o good_a while_o one_o after_o another_o and_o so_o not_o cause_v a_o constant_a train_n of_o new_a idea_n to_o follow_v one_o another_o immediate_o in_o our_o mind_n we_o have_v no_o perception_n of_o motion_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o constant_a succession_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o succession_n without_o a_o constant_a succession_n of_o vary_a idea_n arise_v from_o it_o §_o 8._o on_o the_o contrary_a thing_n that_o move_v so_o swift_a as_o not_o to_o affect_v the_o sense_n distinct_o with_o several_a distinguishable_a distance_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o so_o cause_v not_o any_o train_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o also_o perceive_v for_o any_o thing_n that_o move_v round_o about_o in_o a_o circle_n in_o less_o time_n than_o our_o idea_n be_v wâ—nt_a to_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n be_v not_o perceive_v to_o move_v but_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a entire_a circle_n of_o that_o matter_n or_o colour_n and_o not_o a_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n in_o motion_n §_o 9_o hence_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o other_o to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o our_o idea_n do_v whilst_o we_o be_v awake_a succeed_v one_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n at_o certain_a distance_n
not_o much_o unlike_o the_o image_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o lantern_n turn_v round_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o candle_n this_o appearance_n of_o they_o in_o train_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v sometime_o fast_o and_o sometime_o slow_a yet_o i_o guess_v vary_v not_o very_o much_o in_o a_o wake_a man_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v certain_a bound_n to_o the_o quickness_n and_o slowness_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o idea_n one_o to_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n beyond_o which_o they_o can_v neither_o delay_v nor_o hasten_v §_o 10._o the_o reason_n i_o have_v for_o this_o odd_a conjecture_n be_v from_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o any_o of_o our_o sense_n we_o can_v but_o to_o a_o certain_a degree_n perceive_v any_o succession_n which_o if_o exceed_a quick_a the_o sense_n of_o succession_n be_v lose_v even_o in_o case_n where_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v a_o real_a succession_n let_v a_o cannon-bullet_n pass_v through_o a_o room_n and_o in_o its_o way_n take_v with_o it_o any_o limb_n or_o fleshy_a part_n of_o a_o man_n it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o any_o demonstration_n can_v be_v that_o it_o must_v strike_v successive_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o room_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o it_o must_v touch_v one_o part_n of_o the_o flesh_n first_o and_o another_o after_z and_o so_o in_o succession_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v no_o body_n who_o ever_o feel_v the_o pain_n of_o such_o a_o shot_n or_o hear_v the_o blow_n against_o the_o two_o distant_a wall_n can_v perceive_v any_o succession_n either_o in_o the_o pain_n or_o sound_v of_o so_o swift_a a_o stroke_n such_o a_o part_n of_o duration_n as_o this_o wherein_o we_o perceive_v no_o succession_n be_v that_o which_o we_o may_v call_v a_o instant_a and_o be_v that_o which_o take_v up_o the_o time_n of_o only_o one_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n without_o the_o succession_n of_o another_o wherein_o therefore_o we_o perceive_v no_o succession_n at_o all_o §_o 11._o this_o also_o happen_v where_o the_o motion_n be_v so_o slow_a as_o not_o to_o supply_v a_o constant_a train_n of_o fresh_a idea_n to_o the_o sense_n as_o fast_o as_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v new_a one_o into_o it_o and_o so_o other_o idea_n of_o our_o own_o thought_n have_v room_n to_o come_v into_o our_o mind_n between_o those_o offer_v to_o our_o sense_n by_o the_o move_a body_n there_o the_o sense_n of_o motion_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o body_n though_o it_o real_o move_v yet_o not_o change_v perceivable_a distance_n with_o some_o other_o body_n as_o fast_o as_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n do_v natural_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o train_n the_o thing_n seem_v to_o stand_v still_o as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o clock_n and_o shadow_n of_o sun-dial_n and_o other_o constant_a but_o slow_a motion_n where_o though_o after_o certain_a interval_n we_o perceive_v by_o the_o change_n of_o distance_n that_o it_o have_v move_v yet_o the_o motion_n itself_o we_o perceive_v not_o §_o 12._o so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o constant_a and_o regular_a succession_n of_o idea_n in_o a_o wake_a man_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n and_o standard_n of_o all_o other_o succession_n which_o if_o it_o either_o exceed_v their_o pace_n as_o where_o two_o sound_n or_o pain_n etc._n etc._n take_v up_o in_o their_o succession_n the_o duration_n of_o but_o one_o idea_n or_o else_o where_o any_o motion_n or_o succession_n be_v so_o slow_a as_o that_o it_o keep_v not_o pacâ—_n with_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n or_o the_o quickness_n in_o which_o they_o take_v their_o turn_n as_o when_o any_o one_o or_o more_o idea_n in_o their_o ordinary_a course_n come_v into_o our_o mind_n between_o those_o which_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o sight_n by_o the_o different_a perceptible_a distance_n of_o a_o body_n in_o motion_n or_o between_o sound_n or_o smell_v follow_v one_o another_o there_o also_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o constant_a continue_a succession_n be_v lose_v and_o we_o perceive_v it_o not_o but_o with_o certain_a gap_n of_o rest_n between_o §_o 13._o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o mind_n whilst_o we_o have_v any_o there_o do_v constant_o change_v and_o shift_v in_o a_o continual_a succession_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a may_v any_o one_o say_v for_o a_o man_n to_o think_v long_o of_o any_o one_o thing_n by_o which_o if_o it_o be_v mean_v that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v one_o selfsame_o single_a idea_n a_o long_a time_n alone_o in_o his_o mind_n without_o any_o variation_n at_o all_o i_o think_v in_o matter_n of_o fact_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o which_o not_o know_v how_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o mind_n be_v frame_v of_o what_o material_n they_o be_v make_v whence_o they_o have_v their_o light_n and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o make_v their_o appearance_n i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o reason_n but_o experience_n and_o i_o will_v have_v any_o one_o try_v whether_o he_o can_v keep_v one_o unvaried_a single_a idea_n in_o his_o mind_n without_o any_o other_o for_o any_o considerable_a time_n together_o §_o 14._o for_o trial_n let_v he_o take_v any_o figure_n any_o degree_n of_o light_n or_o whiteness_n or_o what_o other_o he_o please_v and_o he_o will_v i_o suppose_v find_v it_o difficult_a to_o keep_v all_o other_o idea_n out_o of_o his_o mind_n but_o that_o some_o either_o of_o another_o kind_n or_o various_a consideration_n of_o that_o idea_n each_o of_o which_o consideration_n be_v a_o new_a idea_n will_v constant_o succeed_v one_o another_o in_o his_o thought_n let_v he_o be_v as_o wary_a as_o he_o can_v §_o 15_o all_o that_o be_v in_o a_o man_n power_n in_o this_o case_n i_o think_v be_v only_o to_o mind_n and_o observe_v what_o the_o idea_n be_v that_o take_v their_o turn_n in_o his_o understanding_n or_o else_o to_o direct_v the_o sort_n and_o call_v in_o such_o as_o he_o have_v a_o desire_n or_o use_v of_o but_o hinder_v the_o constant_a succession_n of_o fresh_a one_o i_o think_v he_o can_v though_o he_o may_v common_o choose_v whether_o he_o will_v heedful_o observe_v and_o consider_v they_o §_o 16._o whether_o these_o several_a idea_n in_o a_o man_n mind_n be_v make_v by_o certain_a motion_n i_o will_v not_o here_o dispute_v but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o they_o include_v no_o idea_n of_o motion_n in_o their_o appearance_n and_o if_o a_o man_n have_v not_o the_o idea_n of_o motion_n otherwise_o i_o think_v he_o will_v have_v none_o at_o all_o which_o be_v enough_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n and_o sufficient_o show_v that_o the_o notice_n we_o take_v of_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n appear_v there_o one_o after_o another_o be_v that_o which_o give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o succession_n and_o duration_n without_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o such_o idea_n at_o all_o it_o be_v not_o then_o motion_n but_o the_o constant_a train_n of_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n whilst_o we_o be_v wake_v that_o furnish_v we_o with_o the_o idea_n of_o duration_n whereof_o motion_n no_o otherwise_o give_v we_o any_o perception_n than_o as_o it_o cause_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o constant_a succession_n of_o idea_n as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v and_o we_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o idea_n of_o succession_n and_o duration_n by_o the_o train_n of_o idea_n succeed_v one_o another_o in_o our_o mind_n without_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o motion_n as_o by_o the_o train_n of_o idea_n of_o the_o uninterrupted_a change_n of_o distance_n between_o two_o body_n which_o we_o have_v from_o motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v as_o well_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o duration_n be_v there_o no_o sense_n of_o motion_n at_o all_o §_o 17._o have_v thus_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o duration_n the_o next_o thing_n natural_a for_o the_o mind_n to_o do_v be_v to_o get_v some_o measure_n of_o this_o common_a duration_n whereby_o it_o may_v judge_v of_o its_o different_a length_n and_o consider_v the_o distinct_a order_n wherein_o several_a thing_n exist_v without_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n will_v be_v confuse_v and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o history_n be_v render_v very_o useless_a this_o consideration_n of_o durationâ—_n as_o set_v out_o by_o certain_a period_n and_o mark_v by_o certain_a measure_n or_o epoch_n be_v that_o i_o think_v which_o most_o proper_o we_o call_v time_n §_o 18._o in_o the_o measure_n of_o extension_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o require_v but_o the_o application_n of_o the_o standard_n or_o measure_n we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o who_o extension_n we_o will_v be_v inform_v but_o in_o the_o measure_n of_o duration_n this_o can_v be_v do_v because_o no_o two_o different_a part_n of_o succession_n can_v be_v put_v
measure_n of_o it_o can_v any_o of_o they_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v exact_a since_o than_o no_o two_o portion_n of_o succession_n can_v be_v bring_v together_o it_o be_v impossible_a ever_o certain_o to_o know_v their_o equality_n all_o that_o we_o can_v do_v for_o a_o measure_n of_o time_n be_v to_o take_v such_o as_o have_v continual_a successive_a appearance_n at_o seem_o equidistant_a period_n of_o which_o seem_v equality_n we_o have_v no_o other_o measure_n but_o such_o as_o the_o train_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n have_v lodge_v in_o our_o memory_n with_o the_o concurrence_n of_o other_o probable_a reason_n to_o persuade_v we_o of_o their_o equality_n §_o 22._o one_o thing_n seem_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o whilst_o all_o man_n manifest_o measure_v time_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o great_a and_o visible_a body_n of_o the_o world_n time_n yet_o shall_v be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o motion_n whereas_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o one_o that_o reflect_v ever_o so_o little_a on_o it_o that_o to_o measure_v motion_n space_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o be_v consider_v as_o time_n and_o those_o who_o look_v a_o little_a far_o will_v find_v also_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o thing_n move_v necessary_a to_o be_v take_v into_o the_o computation_n by_o any_o one_o who_o will_v estimate_v or_o measure_v motion_n so_o as_o to_o judge_v right_a of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o do_v motion_n any_o otherwise_o conduce_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o duration_n than_o as_o it_o constant_o bring_v about_o the_o return_n of_o certain_a sensible_a idea_n in_o seem_v equidistant_a period_n for_o if_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v as_o unequal_a as_o of_o a_o ship_n drive_v by_o unsteady_a wind_n sometime_o very_o slow_a and_o at_o other_o irregular_o very_o swift_a or_o if_o be_v constant_o equal_o swift_a it_o yet_o be_v not_o circular_a and_o produce_v not_o the_o same_o appearance_n it_o will_v not_o at_o all_o help_v we_o to_o measure_v time_n any_o more_o than_o the_o seem_a unequal_a motion_n of_o a_o comet_n do_v §_o 23._o minute_n hour_n day_n and_o year_n be_v then_o no_o more_o necessary_a to_o time_n or_o duration_n than_o inch_n foot_n yard_n and_o miles_n mark_v out_o in_o any_o matter_n be_v to_o extension_n for_o though_o we_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n by_o the_o constant_a use_n of_o they_o as_o period_n set_v out_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o know_v part_n of_o they_o have_v fix_v the_o idea_n of_o such_o length_n of_o duration_n in_o our_o mind_n which_o we_o apply_v to_o all_o part_n of_o time_n who_o length_n we_o will_v consider_v yet_o there_o may_v be_v other_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n where_o they_o no_o more_o use_v those_o measure_n of_o we_o than_o in_o japan_n they_o do_v our_o inch_n foot_n or_o miles_n but_o yet_o something_a analagous_n to_o they_o there_o must_v be_v for_o without_o some_o regular_a periodical_a return_n we_o can_v not_o measure_v ourselves_o or_o signify_v to_o other_o the_o length_n of_o any_o duration_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o world_n be_v as_o full_a of_o motion_n as_o it_o be_v now_o but_o no_o part_n of_o it_o dispose_v into_o regular_a and_o apparent_a equidistant_a revolution_n but_o the_o different_a measure_n that_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o account_n of_o time_n do_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o notion_n of_o duration_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v measure_v no_o more_o than_o the_o different_a standard_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o cubit_n alter_v the_o notion_n of_o extension_n to_o those_o who_o make_v use_v of_o those_o different_a measure_n §_o 25._o the_o mind_n have_v once_o get_v such_o a_o measure_n of_o time_n as_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v apply_v that_o measure_n to_o duration_n wherein_o that_o measure_n itself_o do_v not_o exist_v and_o with_o which_o in_o the_o reality_n of_o its_o be_v it_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v for_o shall_v one_o say_v that_o abraham_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o 2712_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n it_o be_v altogether_o as_o intelligible_a as_o reckon_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n though_o there_o be_v so_o far_o back_o no_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n nor_o any_o other_o motion_n at_o all_o for_o though_o the_o julian_n period_n be_v suppose_v to_o begin_v several_a hundred_o year_n before_o there_o be_v real_o either_o day_n night_n or_o year_n mark_v out_o by_o any_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o we_o reckon_v as_o right_v and_o thereby_o measure_v duration_n as_o well_o as_o if_o real_o at_o that_o time_n the_o sun_n have_v exi_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o ordinary_a motion_n it_o do_v now_o the_o idea_n of_o duration_n equal_a to_o a_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v as_o easy_o applicable_a in_o our_o thought_n to_o duration_n where_o no_o sun_n nor_o motion_n be_v as_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o yard_n take_v from_o body_n here_o can_v be_v apply_v in_o our_o thought_n to_o distance_n beyond_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o world_n where_o be_v no_o body_n at_o all_o §_o 26._o for_o suppose_v it_o be_v 5639_o mile_n or_o million_o of_o miles_n from_o this_o place_n to_o the_o remote_a body_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o be_v finite_a it_o must_v be_v at_o a_o certain_a distance_n as_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v 5639_o year_n from_o this_o time_n to_o the_o first_o existence_n of_o any_o body_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n we_o can_v in_o our_o thought_n apply_v this_o measure_n of_o a_o year_n to_o duration_n before_o the_o creation_n or_o beyond_o the_o duration_n of_o body_n or_o motion_n as_o we_o can_v this_o measure_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o space_n beyond_o the_o utmost_a body_n and_o by_o the_o one_o measure_v duration_n where_o there_o be_v no_o motion_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o other_o measure_n space_n in_o our_o thought_n where_o there_o be_v no_o body_n §_o 27._o if_o it_o be_v object_v to_o i_o here_o that_o in_o this_o way_n of_o explain_v of_o time_n i_o have_v beg_v what_o i_o shall_v not_o viz._n that_o the_o world_n be_v neither_o eternal_a nor_o infinite_a i_o answer_v that_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n it_o be_v not_o needful_a in_o this_o place_n to_o make_v use_n of_o argument_n to_o evince_v the_o world_n to_o be_v finite_a both_o in_o duration_n and_o extension_n but_o it_o be_v at_o least_o as_o conceivable_a as_o the_o contrary_a i_o have_v certain_o the_o liberty_n to_o suppose_v it_o as_o well_o as_o any_o one_o have_v to_o suppose_v the_o contrary_a and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o every_o one_o that_o will_v go_v about_o itâ—_n may_v easy_o conceive_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o beginning_n of_o motion_n though_o not_o of_o all_o duration_n and_o so_o may_v come_v to_o a_o stop_n and_o non_fw-la ultra_fw-la in_o his_o consideration_n of_o motion_n so_o also_o in_o his_o thought_n he_o may_v set_v limit_n to_o body_n and_o the_o extension_n belong_v to_o it_o but_o not_o to_o space_n where_o no_o body_n be_v the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o space_n and_o duration_n be_v beyond_o the_o reach_n of_o thought_n as_o well_o as_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o number_n be_v beyond_o the_o large_a comprehension_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o all_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o another_o place_n §_o 28._o by_o the_o same_o mean_n therefore_o and_o from_o the_o same_o original_a that_o we_o come_v to_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o time_n we_o have_v also_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o call_v eternity_n viz._n have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o succession_n and_o duration_n by_o reflect_v on_o the_o train_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n cause_v in_o we_o either_o by_o the_o natural_a appearance_n of_o those_o idea_n come_v constant_o of_o themselves_o into_o our_o wake_a thought_n or_o else_o cause_v by_o external_a object_n successive_o affect_v our_o sense_n and_o have_v from_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n get_v the_o idea_n of_o certain_a length_n of_o duration_n we_o can_v in_o our_o thought_n add_v such_o length_n of_o duration_n to_o one_o another_o as_o often_o as_o we_o please_v and_o apply_v they_o so_o add_v to_o duration_n past_a or_o to_o come_v and_o this_o we_o can_v continue_v to_o do_v on_o without_o bound_n or_o limit_n and_o proceed_v in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o apply_v thus_o the_o length_n of_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o duration_n suppose_v before_o the_o sun_n be_v or_o any_o other_o motion_n have_v its_o be_v which_o be_v no_o more_o difficult_a or_o absurd_a than_o to_o apply_v the_o notion_n i_o have_v of_o the_o move_n of_o a_o shadow_n one_o hour_n to_o day_n upon_o the_o sundial_n to_o the_o duration_n of_o something_o
solid_a part_n of_o matter_n and_o so_o include_v or_o at_o least_o intimate_v the_o idea_n of_o body_n whereas_o the_o idea_n of_o pure_a distance_n include_v no_o such_o thing_n i_o prefer_v also_o the_o word_n expansion_n to_o space_n because_o space_n be_v often_o apply_v to_o distance_n of_o fleet_a successive_a part_n which_o never_o exist_v together_o as_o well_o as_o to_o those_o which_o be_v permanent_a in_o both_o these_o viz._n expansion_n and_o duration_n the_o mind_n have_v this_o common_a idea_n of_o continue_a length_n capable_a of_o great_a or_o less_o quantity_n for_o a_o man_n have_v as_o clear_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o day_n as_o of_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o foot_n §_o 2._o the_o mind_n have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o length_n of_o any_o part_n of_o expansion_n let_v it_o be_v a_o span_n or_o a_o pace_n or_o what_o length_n you_o will_v can_v as_o have_v be_v say_v repeat_v that_o idea_n and_o so_o add_v it_o to_o the_o former_a enlarge_v its_o idea_n of_o length_n and_o make_v it_o equal_a to_o two_o span_n or_o two_o pace_n and_o so_o as_o often_o as_o it_o will_v till_o it_o equal_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o from_o another_o and_o increase_v thus_o till_o it_o amount_v to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o remote_a star_n by_o such_o a_o progression_n as_o this_o set_v out_o from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v or_o any_o other_o place_n it_o can_v proceed_v and_o pass_v beyond_o all_o those_o length_n and_o find_v nothing_o to_o stop_v its_o go_v on_o either_o in_o or_o without_o body_n it_o be_v true_a we_o can_v easy_o in_o our_o thought_n come_v to_o the_o end_n of_o solid_a extension_n the_o extremity_n and_o bound_n of_o all_o body_n we_o have_v no_o difficulty_n to_o arrive_v at_o but_o when_o the_o mind_n be_v there_o it_o find_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v its_o progress_n into_o this_o endless_a expansion_n of_o that_o it_o can_v neither_o find_v nor_o conceive_v any_o end_n nor_o let_v any_o one_o say_v that_o beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o body_n there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o unless_o he_o will_v confine_v god_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o matter_n solomon_n who_o understanding_n be_v fill_v and_o enlarge_v with_o wisdom_n seem_v to_o have_v other_o thought_n when_o he_o say_v heaven_n and_o the_o heaven_n of_o heaven_n can_v contain_v thou_o and_o he_o i_o think_v very_o much_o magnify_v to_o himself_o the_o capacity_n of_o his_o own_o understanding_n who_o persuade_v himself_o that_o he_o can_v extend_v his_o thought_n far_o than_o god_n exist_v or_o imagine_v any_o expansion_n where_o he_o be_v not_o §_o 3._o just_o so_o be_v it_o in_o duration_n the_o mind_n have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o length_n of_o duration_n can_v double_v multiply_v and_o enlarge_v it_o not_o only_o beyond_o its_o own_o but_o beyond_o the_o existence_n of_o all_o corporeal_a being_n and_o all_o the_o measure_n of_o time_n take_v from_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n and_o their_o motion_n but_o yet_o every_o one_o easy_o admit_v that_o though_o we_o make_v duration_n boundless_a as_o certain_o it_o be_v we_o can_v yet_o extend_v it_o beyond_o all_o be_v god_n every_o one_o easy_o allow_v fill_v eternity_n and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o find_v a_o reason_n why_o any_o one_o shall_v doubt_v that_o he_o likewise_o fill_v immensity_n his_o infinite_a be_v be_v certain_o as_o boundless_a one_o way_n as_o another_o and_o methinks_v it_o ascribe_v a_o little_a too_o much_o to_o matter_n to_o say_v where_o there_o be_v no_o body_n there_o be_v nothing_o §_o 4._o hence_o i_o think_v we_o may_v learn_v the_o reason_n why_o every_o one_o familiar_o and_o without_o the_o least_o hesitation_n speak_v of_o and_o suppose_v eternity_n and_o stick_v not_o to_o ascribe_v infinity_o to_o duration_n but_o it_o be_v with_o more_o doubt_v and_o reserve_v that_o many_o admit_v or_o suppose_v the_o infinity_o of_o space_n the_o reason_n whereof_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v this_o that_o duration_n and_o extension_n be_v use_v as_o name_n of_o affection_n belong_v to_o other_o being_n we_o easy_o conceive_v in_o god_n infinite_a duration_n and_o we_o can_v avoid_v do_v so_o but_o not_o attribute_v to_o he_o extension_n but_o only_o to_o matter_n which_o be_v finite_a we_o be_v apt_a to_o doubt_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o expansion_n without_o matter_n of_o which_o alone_o we_o common_o suppose_v it_o a_o attribute_n and_o therefore_o when_o man_n pursue_v their_o thought_n of_o space_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o stop_v at_o the_o confine_n of_o body_n as_o if_o space_n be_v there_o at_o a_o end_n too_o and_o reach_v no_o far_o or_o if_o their_o idea_n upon_o consideration_n carry_v they_o far_o yet_o they_o term_v what_o be_v beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o universe_n imaginary_a space_n as_o if_o it_o be_v nothing_o because_o there_o be_v no_o body_n exist_v in_o it_o whereas_o duration_n antecedent_n to_o all_o body_n and_o the_o motion_n it_o be_v measure_v by_o they_o never_o term_v imaginary_a because_o it_o be_v never_o suppose_v void_a of_o some_o other_o real_a existence_n and_o if_o the_o name_n of_o thing_n may_v at_o all_o direct_a our_o thought_n towards_o the_o original_n of_o man_n idea_n as_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v they_o may_v very_o much_o one_o may_v have_v occasion_n to_o think_v by_o the_o name_n duration_n that_o the_o continuation_n of_o existence_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o resistance_n to_o any_o destructive_a force_n and_o the_o continuation_n of_o solidity_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v confound_v with_o and_o if_o we_o will_v look_v into_o the_o minute_n atomical_a part_n of_o matter_n be_v little_a different_a from_o hardness_n be_v think_v to_o have_v some_o analogy_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o word_n so_o near_o of_o kin_n as_o durare_fw-la and_o durum_fw-la esse_fw-la but_o be_v that_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_a that_o whoever_o pursue_v his_o own_o thought_n will_v find_v they_o sometime_o launch_v out_o beyond_o the_o extent_n of_o body_n into_o the_o infinity_o of_o space_n or_o expansion_n the_o idea_n whereof_o be_v distinct_a and_o separate_a from_o body_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v to_o those_o who_o please_o be_v a_o subject_n of_o far_a meditation_n §_o 5._o time_n in_o general_n be_v to_o duration_n as_o place_n to_o expansion_n they_o be_v so_o much_o of_o those_o boundless_a ocean_n of_o eternity_n and_o immensity_n as_o be_v set_v out_o and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n as_o it_o be_v by_o landmark_n and_o so_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v the_o position_n of_o â—inite_a real_a being_n in_o respect_n one_o to_o another_o in_o those_o uniform_a infinite_a ocean_n of_o duration_n and_o space_n these_o right_o consider_v be_v nothing_o but_o idea_n of_o determinate_a distance_n from_o certain_a know_a point_n fix_v in_o distinguishable_a sensible_a thing_n and_o suppose_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o distance_n one_o from_o another_o from_o such_o point_n fix_v in_o sensible_a being_n we_o reckon_v and_o from_o they_o we_o measure_v out_o portion_n of_o those_o infinite_a quantity_n which_o so_o consider_v be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v time_n and_o place_n for_o duration_n and_o space_n be_v in_o themselves_o uniform_a and_o boundless_a the_o order_n and_o position_n of_o thing_n without_o such_o know_a settle_a point_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o they_o and_o all_o thing_n will_v lie_v jumble_v in_o a_o incurable_a confession_n §_o 6._o time_n and_o place_n take_v thus_o for_o determinate_a distinguishable_a portion_n of_o those_o infinite_a abysses_n of_o space_n and_o duration_n set_v out_o or_o suppose_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o mark_n and_o know_v boundary_n have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o twofold_a acceptation_n first_o time_n in_o general_n be_v common_o take_v for_o so_o much_o of_o infinite_a duration_n as_o it_o measure_v out_o by_o and_o co-exhistent_a with_o the_o existence_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o far_o as_o we_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n time_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o frame_n of_o this_o sensible_a world_n as_o in_o these_o phrase_n before_o mention_v before_o all_o time_n or_o when_o time_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o place_v likewise_o be_v take_v sometime_o for_o that_o portion_n of_o infinite_a space_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o and_o comprehend_v within_o the_o material_a world_n and_o be_v thereby_o distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o expansion_n though_o this_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v extension_n than_o place_n within_o these_o two_o be_v confine_v and_o by_o the_o observable_a part_n of_o they_o be_v measure_v and_o determine_v the_o
particular_a time_n or_o duration_n and_o the_o particular_a extension_n and_o place_n of_o all_o corporeal_a being_n §_o 7._o second_o sometime_o the_o word_n time_n be_v use_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n and_o be_v apply_v to_o part_n of_o that_o infinite_a duration_n not_o that_o be_v real_o distinguish_v and_o measure_v out_o by_o this_o real_a existence_n and_o periodical_a motion_n of_o body_n that_o be_v appoint_v from_o the_o beginning_n to_o be_v for_o sign_n and_o for_o season_n and_o for_o day_n and_o year_n and_o be_v according_o our_o measure_n of_o time_n but_o such_o other_o portion_n too_o of_o that_o infinite_a uniform_a duration_n which_o we_o upon_o any_o occasion_n do_v suppose_v equal_a to_o certain_a length_n of_o measure_a time_n and_o so_o consider_v they_o as_o bound_v and_o determine_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o creation_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o angel_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n we_o shall_v speak_v proper_o enough_o and_o shall_v be_v understand_v if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n since_o the_o creation_n of_o angel_n than_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n by_o 764_o year_n whereby_o we_o will_v mark_v out_o so_o much_o of_o that_o undistinguished_a duration_n as_o we_o suppose_v equal_a to_o and_o will_v have_v admit_v 764_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n move_v at_o the_o rate_n it_o now_o do_v and_o thus_o likewise_o we_o sometime_o speak_v of_o place_n distance_n or_o bulk_n in_o the_o great_a inane_fw-la beyond_o the_o confine_n the_o world_n when_o we_o consider_v so_o much_o of_o that_o space_n as_o be_v equal_a to_o or_o capable_a to_o receive_v a_o body_n of_o any_o assign_a dimension_n as_o a_o cubickâ—foot_a or_o do_v suppose_v a_o point_n in_o it_o at_o such_o a_o certain_a distance_n from_o any_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n §_o 8._o where_o and_o when_o be_v question_n belong_v to_o all_o finite_a existence_n and_o be_v by_o we_o always_o reckon_v from_o some_o know_a part_n of_o this_o sensible_a world_n and_o from_o some_o certain_a epoch_n mark_v out_o to_o we_o by_o the_o motion_n observable_a in_o it_o without_o some_o such_o fix_a part_n or_o period_n the_o order_n of_o thing_n will_v be_v lose_v to_o our_o finite_a understanding_n in_o the_o boundless_a invariable_a ocean_n of_o duration_n and_o expansion_n which_o comprehend_v in_o they_o all_o finite_a being_n and_o in_o their_o full_a extent_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o deity_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o wonder_v that_o we_o comprehend_v they_o not_o and_o do_v so_o often_o find_v our_o thought_n at_o a_o loss_n when_o we_o will_v consider_v they_o either_o abstract_o in_o themselves_o or_o as_o any_o way_n attribute_v to_o the_o first_o incomprehensible_a be_v but_o when_o apply_v to_o any_o particular_a finite_a being_n the_o extension_n of_o any_o body_n be_v so_o much_o of_o that_o infinite_a space_n as_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o body_n take_v up_o and_o place_n be_v the_o position_n of_o any_o body_n when_o consider_v at_o a_o certain_a distance_n from_o some_o other_o as_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o particular_a duration_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v a_o idea_n of_o that_o portion_n of_o infinite_a duration_n which_o pass_v during_o the_o existence_n of_o that_o thing_n so_o the_o time_n when_o the_o thing_n exist_v be_v the_o idea_n of_o that_o space_n of_o duration_n which_o pass_v between_o some_o know_v and_o fix_a period_n of_o duration_n and_o the_o be_v of_o that_o thing_n one_o show_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o bulk_n or_o existence_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o that_o it_o be_v a_o foot_n square_n or_o last_v two_o year_n the_o other_o show_v the_o distance_n of_o it_o in_o place_n or_o existence_n from_o other_o fix_a point_n of_o duration_n or_o space_n as_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o lincolns-inn-field_n or_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o taurus_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1671._o or_o the_o 1000_o year_n of_o the_o julian_n period_n all_o which_o distance_n we_o measure_v by_o preconceive_a idea_n of_o certain_a length_n of_o space_n and_o duration_n as_o inch_n foot_n mile_n and_o degree_n and_o in_o the_o other_o minute_n day_n and_o year_n etc._n etc._n §_o 9_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o wherein_o space_n and_o duration_n have_v a_o great_a conformity_n and_o that_o be_v though_o they_o be_v just_o reckon_v among_o our_o simple_a idea_n yet_o none_o of_o the_o distinct_a idea_n we_o have_v of_o either_o be_v without_o all_o manner_n of_o composition_n it_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o both_o of_o they_o to_o consist_v of_o part_n but_o their_o part_n be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o without_o the_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o idea_n hinder_v they_o not_o from_o have_v a_o place_n among_o simple_a idea_n can_v the_o mind_n as_o in_o number_n come_v to_o so_o small_a a_o part_n of_o extension_n or_o duration_n as_o exclude_v divisibility_n that_o will_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o indivisible_a unite_n or_o idea_n by_o repetition_n of_o which_o it_o will_v make_v its_o more_o enlarge_a idea_n of_o extension_n and_o duration_n but_o since_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o able_a to_o frame_v a_o idea_n of_o any_o space_n without_o part_n instead_o thereof_o it_o make_v use_v of_o the_o common_a measure_n which_o by_o familiar_a use_n in_o each_o country_n have_v imprint_v themselves_o on_o the_o memory_n as_o inch_n and_o foot_n or_o cubit_n and_o parasang_v and_o so_o second_o minute_n hour_n day_n and_o year_n in_o duration_n the_o mind_n make_v use_v i_o say_v of_o such_o idea_n as_o these_o as_o simple_a one_o and_o these_o be_v the_o component_a part_n of_o large_a idea_n which_o the_o mind_n upon_o occasion_n make_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o such_o know_a length_n which_o it_o be_v acquaint_v with_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o ordinary_a small_a measure_n we_o have_v of_o either_o look_v on_o as_o a_o unite_v in_o number_n when_o the_o mind_n by_o division_n will_v reduce_v they_o into_o less_o fraction_n though_o on_o both_o side_n both_o in_o addition_n and_o division_n either_o of_o space_n or_o duration_n when_o the_o idea_n under_o consideration_n become_v very_o big_a or_o very_o small_a the_o idea_n of_o its_o precise_a bulk_n become_v very_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a and_o it_o be_v the_o number_n of_o its_o repeat_v addition_n or_o division_n that_o alone_o remain_v clear_a and_o distinct_a as_o will_v easy_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v let_v his_o thought_n loose_v in_o the_o vast_a expansion_n of_o space_n or_o divisibility_n of_o matter_n every_o part_n of_o duration_n be_v duration_n too_o and_o every_o part_n of_o extension_n be_v extension_n both_o of_o they_o capable_a of_o addition_n or_o division_n in_o infinitum_fw-la but_o the_o least_o portion_n of_o either_o of_o they_o whereof_o we_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n may_v perhaps_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o as_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o that_o kind_n out_o of_o which_o our_o complex_fw-la mode_n of_o space_n extension_n and_o duration_n be_v make_v up_o and_o into_o which_o they_o can_v again_o be_v distinct_o resolve_v such_o a_o small_a part_n in_o duration_n may_v be_v call_v a_o moment_n and_o be_v the_o time_n of_o one_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n in_o the_o train_n of_o their_o ordinary_a succession_n there_o the_o other_o want_v a_o proper_a name_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o call_v a_o sensible_a point_n mean_v thereby_o the_o least_o particle_n of_o matter_n or_o space_n we_o can_v discern_v which_o be_v ordinary_o about_o a_o second_o of_o a_o circle_n whereof_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o centre_n §_o 10._o expansion_n and_o duration_n have_v this_o far_a agreement_n that_o though_o they_o be_v both_o consider_v by_o we_o as_o have_v part_n yet_o their_o part_n be_v not_o separable_a one_o from_o another_o no_o not_o even_o in_o thought_n though_o the_o part_n of_o body_n from_o whence_o we_o take_v our_o measure_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n or_o rather_o the_o succession_n of_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n from_o whence_o we_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o other_o may_v be_v interrupt_v and_o separate_v as_o the_o one_o be_v often_o by_o rest_n and_o the_o other_o be_v by_o sleep_n which_o we_o call_v rest_n too_o §_o 11._o but_o yet_o there_o be_v this_o manifest_a difference_n between_o they_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o length_n we_o have_v of_o expansion_n be_v turn_v every_o way_n and_o so_o make_v figure_n and_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n but_o duration_n be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o length_n of_o one_o straight_a line_n extend_v in_o infinitum_fw-la not_o capable_a of_o multiplicity_n variation_n or_o figure_n
but_o be_v one_o common_a measure_n of_o all_o existence_n whatsoever_o wherein_o all_o thing_n whilst_o they_o exist_v equal_o partake_v for_o this_o present_a moment_n be_v common_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v now_o in_o be_v and_o equal_o comprehend_v that_o part_n of_o their_o existence_n as_o much_o as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o but_o one_o single_a be_v and_o we_o may_v true_o say_v they_o all_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n whether_o angel_n and_o spirit_n have_v any_o analogy_n to_o this_o in_o respect_n of_o expansion_n be_v beyond_o my_o comprehension_n and_o perhaps_o for_o we_o who_o have_v understanding_n and_o comprehension_n suit_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o end_n of_o our_o own_o be_v but_o not_o to_o the_o reality_n and_o extent_n of_o all_o other_o being_n it_o be_v near_a as_o hard_a to_o conceive_v any_o existence_n or_o to_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o any_o real_a be_v with_o a_o perfect_a negation_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o expansion_n as_o it_o be_v to_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o real_a existence_n with_o a_o perfect_a negation_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o duration_n and_o therefore_o what_o spirit_n have_v to_o do_v with_o space_n or_o how_o they_o communicate_v in_o it_o we_o know_v not_o all_o that_o we_o know_v be_v that_o body_n do_v each_o single_o possess_v its_o proper_a portion_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n and_o thereby_o exclude_v all_o other_o body_n from_o have_v any_o share_n in_o that_o particular_a portion_n of_o space_n whilst_o it_o remain_v there_o §_o 12._o duration_n and_o time_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o it_o be_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o perish_a distance_n of_o which_o no_o two_o part_n exist_v together_o but_o follow_v each_o other_o in_o succession_n as_o expansion_n be_v the_o idea_n of_o last_a distance_n all_o who_o part_n exist_v together_o and_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o succession_n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o can_v conceive_v any_o duration_n without_o succession_n nor_o can_v put_v it_o together_o in_o our_o thought_n that_o any_o be_v do_v now_o exist_v to_o morrow_n or_o possess_v at_o once_o more_o than_o the_o present_a moment_n of_o duration_n yet_o we_o can_v conceive_v the_o eternal_a duration_n of_o the_o almighty_a far_o different_a from_o that_o of_o man_n or_o any_o other_o finite_a be_v because_o man_n comprehend_v not_o in_o his_o knowledge_n or_o power_n all_o past_a and_o future_a thing_n his_o thought_n be_v but_o of_o yesterday_o and_o he_o know_v not_o what_o to_o morrow_n will_v bring_v forth_o what_o be_v once_o pass_v he_o can_v never_o recall_v and_o what_o be_v yet_o to_o come_v he_o can_v make_v present_a what_o i_o say_v of_o man_n i_o say_v of_o all_o finite_a being_n who_o though_o they_o may_v far_o exceed_v man_n in_o knowledge_n and_o power_n yet_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o mean_a creature_n in_o comparison_n with_o god_n himself_o finite_a of_o any_o magnitude_n hold_v not_o any_o proportion_n to_o infinite_a god_n infinite_a duration_n be_v accompany_v with_o infinite_a knowledge_n and_o infinite_a power_n he_o see_v all_o thing_n past_a and_o to_o come_v and_o they_o be_v no_o more_o distant_a from_o his_o knowledge_n no_o far_o remove_v from_o his_o sight_n than_o the_o present_a they_o all_o lie_n under_o the_o same_o view_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o he_o can_v make_n exist_v each_o moment_n he_o please_v for_o the_o existence_n of_o all_o thing_n depend_v upon_o his_o good_a pleasure_n all_o thing_n exist_v every_o moment_n that_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o have_v they_o exist_v to_o conclude_v expansion_n and_o duration_n do_v mutual_o embrace_v and_o comprehend_v each_o other_o every_o part_n of_o space_n be_v in_o every_o part_n of_o duration_n and_o every_o part_n of_o duration_n in_o every_o part_n of_o expansion_n such_o a_o combination_n of_o two_o distinct_a idea_n be_v i_o suppose_v scarce_o to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o that_o great_a variety_n we_o do_v or_o can_v can_v conceive_v and_o may_v afford_v matter_n to_o far_a speculation_n chap._n xvi_o of_o number_n §_o 1._o among_o all_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v as_o there_o be_v none_o suggest_v to_o the_o mind_n by_o more_o way_n so_o there_o be_v none_o more_o simple_a than_o that_o of_o unity_n or_o one_o it_o have_v no_o shadow_n of_o variety_n nor_o composition_n in_o it_o every_o object_n our_o sense_n be_v employ_v about_o every_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n every_o thought_n of_o our_o mind_n bring_v this_o idea_n along_o with_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o most_o intimate_a to_o our_o thought_n as_o well_o as_o it_o be_v in_o its_o agreement_n to_o all_o other_o thing_n the_o most_o universal_a idea_n we_o have_v for_o number_n apply_v itself_o to_o man_n angel_n action_n thought_n every_o thing_n that_o either_o do_v exist_v or_o can_v be_v imagine_v §_o 2._o by_o repeat_v this_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o add_v the_o repetition_n together_o we_o come_v by_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o modes_n of_o it_o thus_o by_o add_v one_o to_o one_o we_o have_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o two_o by_o put_v twelve_o unite_v together_o we_o have_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o dozen_o and_o so_o of_o a_o score_n or_o a_o million_o or_o any_o other_o number_n §_o 3._o the_o simple_n mode_n of_o number_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o distinct_a every_o the_o least_o variation_n which_o be_v a_o unite_v make_v each_o combination_n as_o clear_o different_a from_o that_o which_o approach_v near_a to_o it_o as_o the_o most_o remote_a two_o being_n as_o distinct_a from_o one_o as_o two_o hundred_o and_o the_o idea_n of_o two_o as_o distinct_a from_o the_o idea_n of_o three_o as_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v from_o that_o of_o a_o mite_n this_o be_v not_o so_o in_o other_o simple_a modes_n in_o which_o it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a nor_o perhaps_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o two_o approach_a idea_n which_o yet_o be_v real_o different_a for_o who_o will_v undertake_v to_o find_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o white_a of_o this_o paper_n and_o that_o of_o the_o next_o degree_n to_o it_o or_o can_v form_v distinct_a idea_n of_o every_o the_o least_o excess_n in_o extension_n §_o 4._o the_o clearness_n and_o distinctness_n of_o each_o mode_n of_o number_n from_o all_o other_o even_o those_o that_o approach_v near_a make_v i_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o demonstration_n in_o number_n if_o they_o be_v not_o more_o evident_a and_o exact_a than_o in_o extension_n yet_o they_o be_v more_o general_a in_o their_o use_n and_o more_o determinate_a in_o their_o application_n because_o the_o idea_n of_o number_n be_v more_o precise_a and_o distinguishable_a than_o in_o extension_n where_o every_o equality_n and_o excess_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v observe_v or_o measure_v because_o our_o thought_n can_v in_o space_n arrive_v at_o any_o determine_a smallness_n beyond_o which_o it_o can_v go_v as_o in_o a_o unite_n and_o therefore_o the_o quantity_n or_o proportion_n of_o any_o the_o least_o excess_n can_v be_v discover_v which_o be_v clear_a otherwise_o in_o number_n where_o as_o have_v be_v say_v 91_o be_v as_o distinguishable_a from_o 90_o as_o from_o 9000_o though_o 91_o be_v the_o next_o immediate_a excess_n to_o 90._o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o extension_n where_o whatsoever_o be_v more_o than_o just_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o inch_n be_v not_o distinguishable_a from_o the_o standard_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o a_o inch_n and_o in_o line_n which_o appear_v of_o a_o equal_a length_n one_o may_v be_v long_o than_o the_o other_o by_o innumerable_a part_n nor_o can_v any_o one_o assign_v a_o angle_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o next_o big_a to_o a_o right_a one_o §_o 5._o by_o the_o repeat_n as_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o unite_v and_o join_v it_o to_o another_o unite_v we_o make_v thereof_o one_o collective_a idea_n mark_v by_o the_o name_n two_n and_o whosoever_o can_v do_v this_o and_o proceed_v on_o still_o add_v one_o more_o to_o the_o last_o collective_a idea_n he_o have_v of_o any_o number_n and_o give_v a_o name_n to_o it_o may_v count_v or_o have_v idea_n for_o several_a collection_n of_o unite_v distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o as_o far_o as_o he_o have_v a_o series_n of_o name_n for_o follow_a number_n and_o a_o memory_n to_o retain_v that_o series_n with_o their_o several_a name_n all_o numeration_n be_v but_o still_o the_o add_v of_o one_o unite_v more_o and_o give_v to_o the_o whole_a together_o as_o comprehend_v in_o one_o idea_n a_o new_a or_o distinct_a name_n or_o sign_n whereby_o to_o know_v it_o from_o those_o before_o and_o after_o and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o
still_o forward_o beyond_o all_o that_o we_o can_v conceive_v but_o in_o space_n and_o duration_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o in_o duration_n we_o consider_v it_o as_o if_o this_o line_n of_o number_n be_v extend_v both_o way_n to_o a_o unconceivable_a undeterminate_a and_o infinite_a length_n which_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o consideration_n he_o have_v of_o eternity_n which_o i_o suppose_v he_o will_v find_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o turn_v this_o infinity_o of_o number_n both_o way_n à _fw-la parte_fw-la ante_fw-la and_o à _fw-la parte_fw-la post_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v for_o when_o we_o will_v consider_v eternity_n à _fw-la parte_fw-la ante_fw-la what_o do_v we_o but_o beginning_n from_o ourselves_o and_o the_o present_a time_n we_o be_v in_o we_o repeat_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o year_n or_o age_n or_o any_o other_o assignable_a portion_n of_o duration_n past_a with_o a_o prospect_n of_o proceed_v in_o 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to_o they_o as_o often_o as_o we_o will_v and_o have_v no_o more_o reason_n to_o set_v bound_n to_o those_o repeat_v idea_n than_o we_o have_v to_o set_v bound_n to_o number_n we_o have_v that_o indeterminable_a idea_n of_o immensity_n §_o 12._o and_o since_o in_o any_o bulk_n of_o matter_n our_o thought_n can_v never_o arrive_v at_o the_o utmost_a divisibility_n therefore_o there_o be_v a_o apparent_a infinity_o to_o we_o also_o in_o that_o which_o have_v the_o infinity_o also_o of_o number_n but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o the_o former_a consideration_n of_o the_o infinity_o of_o space_n and_o duration_n we_o only_o use_v addition_n of_o number_n whereas_o this_o be_v like_o the_o division_n of_o a_o unite_v into_o its_o fraction_n wherein_o the_o mind_n also_o can_v proceed_v in_o infinitum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o former_a addition_n it_o be_v indeed_o but_o the_o addition_n still_o of_o new_a number_n though_o in_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o one_o we_o can_v have_v no_o more_o the_o positive_a idea_n of_o a_o space_n infinite_o great_a than_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o other_o we_o can_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o body_n infinite_o little_a our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o be_v as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v a_o grow_a and_o fugitive_a idea_n still_o in_o a_o boundless_a progression_n that_o can_v step_v no_o where_o §_o 13._o though_o it_o be_v hard_a i_o think_v to_o find_v any_o one_o so_o absurd_a as_o to_o say_v he_o have_v the_o positive_a idea_n of_o a_o actual_a infinite_a number_n the_o infinity_o whereof_o lie_v only_o in_o a_o power_n still_o of_o add_v any_o combination_n of_o unite_v to_o any_o former_a number_n and_o that_o as_o long_o and_o as_o much_o as_o one_o will_n the_o like_a also_o be_v in_o the_o infinity_o of_o space_n and_o duration_n which_o power_n leave_v always_o to_o the_o mind_n room_n for_o endless_a addition_n yet_o there_o be_v those_o who_o imagine_v they_o have_v positive_a idea_n of_o infinite_a duration_n and_o space_n it_o will_v i_o think_v be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v any_o such_o positive_a idea_n of_o infinite_a to_o ask_v he_o that_o have_v it_o whether_o he_o can_v add_v to_o it_o or_o no_o which_o will_v easy_o show_v the_o mistake_n of_o such_o a_o positive_a idea_n we_o can_v i_o think_v have_v no_o positive_a idea_n of_o any_o space_n or_o duration_n which_o be_v not_o make_v up_o of_o and_o commensurate_a to_o repeat_v number_n of_o foot_n or_o yard_n or_o day_n and_o year_n which_o be_v the_o common_a measure_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o whereby_o we_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o quantity_n and_o therefore_o since_o a_o idea_n of_o infinite_a space_n or_o duration_n must_v needs_o be_v make_v up_o of_o infinite_a part_n it_o can_v have_v no_o other_o infinity_o than_o that_o of_o number_n capable_a still_o of_o far_a addition_n but_o not_o a_o actual_a positive_a idea_n of_o a_o number_n infinite_a for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o finite_a thing_n together_o as_o be_v all_o length_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o positive_a idea_n can_v never_o otherwise_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a than_o as_o number_n do_v which_o consist_v of_o addition_n of_o finite_a unite_v one_o to_o another_o suggest_v the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a only_o by_o a_o power_n we_o find_v we_o have_v of_o still_o increase_v the_o sum_n and_o add_v more_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n without_o come_v one_o jot_n near_o the_o end_n of_o such_o progression_n §_o 14._o they_o who_o will_v prove_v their_o idea_n of_o infinite_a to_o be_v positive_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o do_v it_o by_o a_o pleasant_a argument_n take_v from_o the_o negation_n of_o a_o end_n which_o be_v negative_a the_o negation_n of_o it_o be_v positive_a he_o that_o consider_v that_o the_o end_n be_v in_o body_n but_o the_o extremity_n or_o superficies_n of_o that_o body_n will_v not_o perhaps_o be_v forward_o to_o grant_v that_o the_o end_n be_v a_o bare_a negative_a and_o he_o that_o perceive_v the_o end_n of_o his_o pen_n be_v black_a or_o white_a will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o end_n be_v something_o more_o than_o a_o pure_a negation_n nor_o be_v it_o when_o apply_v to_o duration_n the_o bare_a negation_n of_o existence_n but_o more_o proper_o the_o last_o moment_n of_o it_o but_o if_o they_o will_v have_v the_o end_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o bare_a negation_n of_o existence_n i_o be_o sure_a they_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o beginning_n be_v the_o first_o instant_n of_o be_v and_o be_v not_o by_o any_o body_n conceive_v to_o be_v a_o bare_a negation_n and_o therefore_o by_o their_o own_o argument_n the_o idea_n of_o eternal_a à _fw-la parte_fw-la ante_fw-la or_o of_o a_o duration_n without_o a_o beginning_n be_v but_o a_o negative_a idea_n §_o 15._o the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a have_v i_o confess_v something_o of_o positive_a in_o all_o those_o thing_n we_o apply_v to_o it_o when_o we_o will_v think_v of_o infinite_a space_n or_o duration_n we_o at_o first_o step_n usual_o make_v some_o very_a large_a idea_n as_o perhaps_o of_o million_o of_o age_n or_o miles_n which_o possible_o we_o double_v and_o multiply_v several_a time_n all_o that_o we_o thus_o amass_o together_o in_o our_o thought_n be_v positive_a and_o the_o assemblage_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o positive_a idea_n of_o space_n or_o duration_n but_o what_o still_o remain_v beyond_o this_o we_o have_v no_o more_o a_o positive_a distinct_a notion_n of_o than_o a_o mariner_n have_v of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o have_v let_v down_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o his_o sounding-line_n he_o reach_v no_o bottom_n whereby_o he_o know_v the_o depth_n to_o be_v so_o many_o fathom_n and_o more_o but_o how_o much_o that_o more_o be_v he_o have_v no_o distinct_a notion_n at_o all_o and_o can_v he_o always_o supply_v new_a line_n and_o find_v the_o plummet_n always_o sink_v without_o ever_o stop_v he_o will_v be_v something_o in_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o mind_n reach_v after_o a_o complete_a and_o positive_a idea_n of_o infinity_o in_o which_o case_n let_v this_o line_n be_v 10_o or_o 10000_o fathom_n long_o it_o equal_o discover_v what_o be_v beyond_o it_o and_o give_v only_o this_o confuse_a and_o comparative_a idea_n that_o this_o be_v not_o all_o but_o one_o may_v yet_o go_v far_o so_o much_o as_o the_o mind_n comprehend_v of_o any_o space_n it_o have_v a_o positive_a idea_n of_o but_o in_o this_o thought_n of_o infinity_o it_o be_v always_o enlarge_a always_o advance_v the_o idea_n be_v still_o imperfect_a and_o incomplete_a so_o much_o space_n as_o the_o mind_n take_v a_o view_n of_o in_o its_o contemplation_n of_o greatness_n be_v a_o clear_a picture_n and_o positive_a in_o the_o
treat_v more_o at_o large_a of_o reason_v judge_a volition_n and_o knowledge_n which_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a operation_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o modes_n of_o think_v §_o 3._o but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o unpardonable_a digression_n nor_o whole_o impertinent_a to_o our_o present_a design_n if_o we_o reflect_v here_o upon_o the_o different_a state_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o think_v which_o those_o instance_n of_o attention_n resvery_n and_o dream_v etc._n etc._n before_o mention_v natural_o enough_o suggest_v that_o there_o be_v idea_n some_o or_o other_o always_o present_a in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o wake_a man_n every_o one_o experience_n convince_v he_o though_o the_o mind_n employ_v itself_o about_o they_o with_o several_a degree_n of_o attention_n sometime_o the_o mind_n fix_v itself_o with_o so_o much_o earnestness_n on_o the_o contemplation_n of_o some_o object_n that_o it_o turn_v their_o idea_n on_o all_o side_n remark_n their_o relation_n and_o circumstance_n and_o view_v every_o part_n so_o nice_o and_o with_o such_o intention_n that_o it_o shut_v out_o all_o other_o thought_n and_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o ordinary_a impression_n make_v then_o on_o the_o sense_n which_o at_o another_o season_n will_v produce_v very_o sensible_a perception_n at_o other_o time_n it_o bare_o observe_v the_o train_n of_o idea_n that_o succeed_v in_o the_o understanding_n without_o direct_v and_o pursue_v any_o of_o they_o and_o at_o other_o time_n it_o let_v they_o pass_v almost_o quite_o unregarded_a as_o faint_a shadow_n that_o make_v no_o impression_n §_o 4._o this_o difference_n of_o intention_n and_o remission_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o think_v with_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o degree_n between_o earnest_a study_n and_o very_o near_o mind_v nothing_o at_o all_o every_o one_o i_o think_v have_v experiment_a in_o himself_o trace_v it_o a_o little_a far_o and_o you_o find_v the_o mind_n in_o sleep_n retire_v as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o sense_n and_o out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o those_o motion_n make_v on_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n which_o at_o other_o time_n produce_v very_o vivid_v and_o sensible_a idea_n i_o need_v not_o for_o this_o instance_n in_o those_o who_o sleep_n out_o whole_a stormy_a night_n without_o hear_v the_o thunder_n or_o see_v the_o lightning_n or_o feel_v the_o shake_n of_o the_o house_n which_o be_v sensible_a enough_o to_o those_o who_o be_v wake_v but_o in_o this_o retirement_n of_o the_o mind_n from_o the_o sense_n it_o often_o retain_v a_o yet_o more_o loose_a and_o incoherent_a manner_n of_o think_v which_o we_o call_v dream_v and_o last_o of_o all_o sound_a sleep_n close_v the_o scene_n quite_o and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o appearance_n this_o i_o think_v almost_o every_o one_o have_v experience_n of_o in_o himself_o and_o his_o own_o observation_n without_o difficulty_n lead_v he_o thus_o far_o that_o which_o i_o will_v far_o conclude_v from_o hence_o be_v that_o since_o the_o mind_n can_v sensible_o put_v on_o at_o several_a time_n several_a degree_n of_o think_v and_o be_v sometime_o even_o in_o a_o wake_a man_n so_o remiss_a as_o to_o have_v thought_n dim_a and_o obscure_a to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o be_v very_o little_o remove_v from_o none_o at_o all_o and_o at_o last_o in_o the_o dark_a retirement_n of_o sound_a sleep_n lose_v the_o sight_n perfect_o of_o all_o idea_n whatsoever_o since_o i_o say_v this_o be_v evident_o so_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o constant_a experience_n i_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o think_v be_v the_o action_n and_o not_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o the_o operation_n of_o agent_n will_v easy_o admit_v of_o intention_n and_o remission_n but_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n be_v not_o conceive_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o variation_n but_o this_o by_o the_o bye_n chap._n xx._n of_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n §_o 1._o among_o the_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o receive_v both_o from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n pain_n and_o pleasure_n be_v two_o very_a considerable_a one_o for_o as_o in_o the_o body_n there_o be_v sensation_n bare_o in_o its_o self_n or_o accompany_v with_o pain_n or_o pleasure_n so_o the_o thought_n or_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v simple_o so_o or_o else_o accompany_v also_o with_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n delight_n or_o trouble_v call_v it_o how_o you_o please_v these_o like_o other_o simple_a idea_n can_v be_v describe_v nor_o their_o name_n define_v the_o way_n of_o know_v they_o be_v as_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o sense_n only_o by_o experience_n for_o to_o define_v they_o by_o the_o presence_n of_o good_a or_o evil_a be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o we_o than_o by_o make_v we_o reflect_v on_o what_o we_o feel_v in_o ourselves_o upon_o the_o several_a and_o various_a operation_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a upon_o our_o mind_n as_o they_o be_v different_o apply_v to_o or_o consider_v by_o we_o 2._o thing_n than_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n only_o in_o reference_n to_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n that_o we_o call_v good_a which_o be_v apt_a to_o cause_n or_o increase_v pleasure_n or_o diminish_v pain_n in_o we_o or_o else_o to_o procure_v or_o preserve_v we_o the_o possession_n of_o any_o other_o good_a or_o absence_n of_o any_o evil._n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n we_o name_v that_o evil_a which_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v or_o increase_v any_o pain_n or_o diminish_v any_o pleasure_n in_o we_o or_o else_o to_o procure_v we_o any_o evil_a or_o deprive_v we_o of_o any_o good_n by_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n i_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o mean_v of_o body_n or_o mind_n as_o they_o be_v common_o distinguish_v though_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v only_o different_a constitution_n of_o the_o mind_n sometime_o occasion_v by_o disorder_n in_o the_o body_n sometime_o by_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n §_o 3._o pleasure_n and_o pain_n and_o that_o which_o cause_v they_o good_a and_o evil_a be_v the_o hinge_n on_o which_o our_o passion_n turn_v and_o if_o we_o reflect_v on_o ourselves_o how_o these_o under_o various_a consideration_n operate_v in_o we_o what_o modification_n or_o temper_n of_o mind_n what_o internal_a sensation_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o they_o produce_v in_o we_o we_o may_v thence_o form_v to_o ourselves_o the_o idea_n of_o our_o passion_n §_o 4._o thus_o any_o one_o reflect_v upon_o the_o thought_n he_o have_v of_o the_o delight_n which_o any_o present_a or_o absent_a thing_n be_v apt_a to_o produce_v in_o he_o have_v the_o idea_n we_o call_v love_n for_o when_o a_o man_n declare_v in_o autumn_n when_o he_o be_v eat_v they_o or_o in_o spring_n when_o there_o be_v none_o that_o he_o love_v grape_n it_o be_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o taste_n of_o grape_n delight_v he_o let_v a_o alteration_n of_o health_n or_o constitution_n destroy_v the_o delight_n of_o their_o taste_n and_o he_o then_o can_v be_v say_v to_o love_v grape_n no_o long_o §_o 5._o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o thought_n of_o the_o pain_n which_o any_o thing_n present_a or_o absent_a be_v apt_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o be_v what_o we_o call_v hatred_n be_v it_o my_o business_n here_o to_o inquire_v any_o far_a than_o into_o the_o bare_a idea_n of_o our_o passion_n as_o they_o depend_v on_o different_a modification_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n i_o shall_v remark_n that_o our_o love_n and_o hatred_n of_o inanimate_a insensible_a being_n be_v common_o found_v on_o that_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n we_o receive_v from_o their_o use_n and_o application_n any_o way_n to_o our_o sense_n though_o with_o their_o destruction_n but_o love_n and_o hatred_n to_o being_n capable_a of_o happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v often_o the_o pain_n or_o delight_n we_o have_v in_o their_o very_a be_v or_o happiness_n thus_o the_o be_v and_o welfare_n of_o a_o man_n child_n or_o friend_n produce_v constant_a delight_n in_o he_o he_o be_v say_v constant_o to_o love_v they_o but_o it_o suffice_v to_o note_v that_o our_o idea_n of_o love_n and_o hatred_n be_v but_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o respect_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n in_o general_a however_o cause_v in_o we_o §_o 6._o the_o uneasiness_n a_o man_n find_v in_o himself_o upon_o the_o absence_n of_o any_o thing_n who_o present_a enjoyment_n carry_v the_o idea_n of_o delight_n with_o it_o be_v that_o we_o call_v desire_n which_o be_v great_a or_o less_o as_o that_o uneasiness_n be_v more_o or_o less_o vehement_a §_o 7._o joy_n be_v a_o delight_n of_o the_o mind_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o present_a or_o assure_a approach_a possession_n of_o a_o good_a and_o we_o be_v then_o possess_v of_o any_o good_a when_o we_o have_v it_o so_o in_o our_o power_n that_o we_o can_v use_v it_o when_o we_o please_v
thus_o a_o man_n almost_o starve_v have_v joy_n at_o the_o arrival_n of_o relief_n even_o before_o he_o have_v the_o pleasure_n of_o use_v it_o and_o a_o father_n in_o who_o the_o very_a well-being_n of_o his_o child_n cause_n delight_n be_v always_o as_o long_o as_o his_o child_n be_v in_o such_o a_o estate_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o good_a for_o he_o need_v but_o to_o reflect_v on_o it_o to_o have_v that_o pleasure_n §_o 8._o sorrow_n be_v uneasiness_n in_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o good_a lose_v which_o may_v have_v be_v enjoy_v long_o or_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o present_a evil._n §_o 9_o hope_n be_v that_o pleasure_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o upon_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o probable_a future_a enjoyment_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o delight_v he_o §_o 10._o fear_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o future_a evil_a likely_a to_o befall_v we_o §_o 11._o despair_n be_v the_o thought_n of_o the_o unattainableness_n of_o any_o good_a which_o work_v different_o in_o man_n mind_n sometime_o produce_v uneasiness_n or_o pain_n sometime_o rest_n and_o indolency_n §_o 12._o anger_n be_v uneasiness_n or_o discomposure_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o any_o injury_n with_o a_o present_a purpose_n of_o revenge_n §_o 13._o envy_n be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o mind_n cause_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o good_a we_o desire_v obtain_v by_o one_o we_o think_v shall_v not_o have_v have_v it_o before_o we_o §_o 14._o these_o two_o last_o envy_n and_o anger_n not_o be_v cause_v by_o pain_n and_o pleasure_n simple_o in_o themselves_o but_o have_v in_o they_o some_o mix_a consideration_n of_o ourselves_o and_o other_o be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o man_n because_o those_o other_o part_n of_o value_v their_o merit_n or_o intend_v revenge_n be_v want_v in_o they_o but_o all_o the_o rest_n terminate_a pure_o in_o pain_n and_o pleasure_n be_v i_o think_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o man_n for_o we_o love_v desire_v rejoice_v and_o hope_v only_o in_o respect_n of_o pleasure_n we_o hate_v and_o fear_n and_o be_v sad_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o pain_n ultimate_o and_o these_o passion_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n only_o as_o they_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n and_o to_o have_v pleasure_n or_o pain_n some_o way_n or_o other_o annex_v to_o they_o thus_o we_o extend_v our_o hatred_n usual_o to_o the_o subject_n at_o least_o if_o a_o sensible_a or_o voluntary_a agent_n which_o have_v produce_v pain_n in_o we_o because_o the_o fear_v it_o leave_v be_v a_o constant_a pain_n but_o we_o do_v not_o so_o constant_o love_v what_o have_v do_v we_o good_a because_o pleasure_n operate_v not_o so_o strong_o on_o we_o as_o pain_n and_o because_o we_o be_v not_o so_o ready_a to_o have_v hope_v it_o will_v do_v so_o again_o but_o this_o by_o the_o bye_n §_o 15._o by_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n delight_n and_o uneasiness_n i_o must_v all_o along_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o have_v above_o intimate_v to_o mean_v not_o only_o bodily_a pain_n and_o pleasure_n but_o whatsoever_o delight_n or_o uneasiness_n be_v feel_v by_o we_o whether_o arise_v from_o any_o grateful_a or_o unacceptable_a sensation_n or_o reflection_n §_o 16._o it_o be_v far_a to_o be_v consider_v that_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o passion_n the_o removal_n or_o lessen_v of_o a_o pain_n be_v consider_v and_o operate_v as_o a_o pleasure_n and_o the_o loss_n or_o diminish_n of_o a_o pleasure_n as_o a_o pain_n §_o 17._o the_o passion_n too_o have_v most_o of_o they_o in_o most_o person_n operation_n on_o the_o body_n and_o cause_v various_a change_n in_o it_o which_o not_o be_v always_o sensible_a do_v not_o make_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o each_o passion_n for_o shame_n which_o be_v a_o uneasiness_n of_o the_o mind_n upon_o the_o thought_n of_o have_v do_v something_o which_o be_v indecent_a or_o will_v lessen_v the_o esteem_n we_o value_v have_v not_o always_o blush_v accompany_v it_o §_o 18._o i_o will_v not_o be_v mistake_v here_o as_o if_o i_o mean_v this_o as_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o passion_n they_o be_v many_o more_o than_o those_o i_o have_v here_o name_v and_o those_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o will_v each_o of_o they_o require_v a_o much_o large_a and_o more_o accurate_a discourse_n i_o have_v only_o mention_v these_o here_o as_o so_o many_o instance_n of_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n result_v in_o our_o mind_n from_o various_a consideration_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a i_o may_v perhaps_o have_v instance_a in_o other_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n more_o simple_a than_o these_o as_o the_o pain_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o eat_v and_o drink_v when_o one_o be_v so_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o headache_n or_o pleasure_n of_o rational_a conversation_n with_o one_o friend_n or_o discover_v of_o a_o speculative_a truth_n upon_o study_n but_o the_o passion_n be_v of_o much_o more_o concernment_n to_o we_o i_o rather_o make_v choice_n to_o instance_n in_o they_o and_o show_v how_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o they_o be_v derive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n chap._n xxi_o of_o power_n §_o 1._o the_o mind_n be_v every_o day_n inform_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o those_o simple_a idea_n it_o observe_v in_o thing_n without_o and_o take_v notice_n how_o one_o come_v to_o a_o end_n and_o cease_v to_o be_v and_o another_o begin_v to_o exist_v which_o be_v not_o before_o reflect_v also_o on_o what_o pass_v within_o itself_o and_o observe_v a_o constant_a change_n of_o its_o idea_n sometime_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o outward_a object_n on_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o determination_n of_o its_o own_o choice_n and_o conclude_v from_o what_o it_o have_v so_o constant_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v that_o the_o like_a change_n will_v for_o the_o future_a be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o like_a agent_n and_o by_o the_o like_a way_n consider_v in_o one_o thing_n the_o possibility_n of_o have_v any_o of_o its_o simple_a idea_n change_v and_o in_o another_o the_o possibility_n of_o make_v that_o change_n and_o so_o come_v by_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o call_v power_n thus_o we_o say_v fire_n have_v a_o power_n to_o melt_v gold_n i._n e._n to_o destroy_v the_o consistency_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n and_o consequent_o its_o hardness_n and_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o gold_n have_v a_o power_n to_o be_v melt_v that_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o power_n to_o blanch_v wax_n and_o wax_v a_o power_n to_o be_v blanch_v by_o the_o sun_n whereby_o the_o yellowness_n be_v destroy_v and_o whiteness_n make_v to_o exist_v in_o its_o room_n in_o which_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o power_n we_o consider_v be_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o change_n of_o perceivable_a idea_n for_o we_o can_v observe_v any_o alteration_n to_o be_v make_v in_o or_o operation_n upon_o any_o thing_n but_o by_o the_o observable_a change_n of_o its_o sensible_a idea_n nor_o conceive_v any_o alteration_n to_o be_v make_v but_o by_o conceive_v a_o change_n of_o some_o of_o its_o idea_n §_o 2._o power_n thus_o consider_v be_v twofold_a viz._n as_o able_a to_o make_v or_o able_a to_o receive_v any_o change_n the_o one_o may_v be_v call_v active_a and_o the_o other_o passive_a power_n whether_o matter_n be_v not_o whole_o destitute_a of_o active_a power_n as_o its_o author_n god_n be_v true_o above_o all_o passive_a power_n and_o whether_o the_o intermediate_v state_n of_o create_a spirit_n be_v not_o that_o alone_o which_o be_v capable_a of_o both_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n may_v be_v worth_a consideration_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o enter_v into_o that_o enquiry_n my_o present_a business_n be_v not_o to_o search_v into_o the_o original_n of_o power_n but_o how_o we_o come_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o but_o since_o active_a power_n make_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o natural_a substance_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o and_o i_o mention_v they_o as_o such_o according_a to_o common_a apprehension_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o perhaps_o so_o true_o active_a power_n as_o our_o hasty_a thought_n be_v apt_a to_o represent_v they_o i_o judge_v it_o not_o amiss_o by_o this_o intimation_n to_o direct_v our_o mind_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o god_n and_o spirit_n for_o the_o clear_a idea_n of_o active_a power_n §_o 3._o i_o confess_v power_n include_v in_o it_o some_o kind_n of_o relation_n a_o relation_n to_o action_n or_o change_n as_o indeed_o which_o of_o our_o idea_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o when_o attentive_o consider_v do_v not_o for_o our_o idea_n of_o extension_n
man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o think_v or_o not_o to_o think_v to_o move_v or_o not_o to_o move_v according_a to_o the_o preference_n of_o his_o own_o choice_n so_o far_o be_v a_o man_n free_n wherever_o any_o performance_n or_o forbearance_n be_v not_o equal_o in_o a_o man_n power_n wherever_o do_v or_o not_o do_v will_v not_o equal_o follow_v upon_o the_o preference_n oâ—_n his_o mind_n there_o he_o be_v not_o free_a though_o perhaps_o the_o action_n may_v be_v voluntary_a so_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n be_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o power_n in_o any_o agent_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n according_a to_o the_o determination_n or_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o either_o of_o they_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o other_o where_o either_o of_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o be_v produce_v by_o he_o according_a to_o his_o preference_n there_o be_v not_o liberty_n that_o agent_n be_v under_o necessity_n so_o that_o liberty_n can_v be_v where_o there_o be_v no_o thought_n no_o volition_n no_o will_n but_o there_o may_v be_v thought_n there_o may_v be_v will_n there_o may_v be_v volition_n where_o there_o be_v no_o liberty_n a_o little_a consideration_n of_o a_o obvious_a instance_n or_o two_o may_v make_v this_o clear_a §_o 9_o a_o tennis-ball_n whether_o in_o motion_n by_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o racket_n or_o lie_v still_o at_o rest_n be_v not_o by_o any_o one_o take_v to_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n if_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o be_v because_o we_o conceive_v not_o a_o tennis-ball_n to_o think_v and_o consequent_o not_o to_o have_v any_o volition_n or_o preference_n of_o motion_n to_o rest_n or_o vice_fw-la versâ_fw-la and_o therefore_o have_v not_o liberty_n be_v not_o a_o free_a agent_n but_o all_o its_o both_o motion_n and_o rest_n come_v under_o our_o idea_n of_o necessary_a and_o be_v so_o call_v likewise_o a_o man_n fall_v into_o the_o water_n a_o bridge_n break_v under_o he_o have_v not_o herein_o liberty_n be_v not_o a_o free_a agent_n for_o though_o he_o have_v volition_n though_o he_o prefer_v his_o not_o fall_v to_o fall_v yet_o the_o forbearance_n of_o that_o motion_n not_o be_v in_o his_o power_n the_o stop_n or_o cessation_n of_o that_o motion_n follow_v not_o upon_o his_o volition_n and_o therefore_o therein_o he_o be_v not_o free_a so_o a_o man_n strike_v himself_o or_o his_o friend_n by_o a_o convulsive_a motion_n of_o his_o arm_n which_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n upon_o his_o preference_n or_o volition_n to_o forbear_v no_o body_n think_v he_o have_v in_o this_o liberty_n every_o one_o pity_v he_o as_o act_v by_o necessity_n and_o constraint_n §_o 10._o again_o suppose_v a_o man_n be_v carry_v whilst_o fast_o asleep_a into_o a_o room_n where_o be_v a_o person_n he_o belong_v to_o see_v and_o speak_v with_o and_o be_v there_o lock_v fast_o in_o beyond_o his_o power_n to_o get_v out_o he_o awake_v and_o be_v glad_a to_o find_v himself_o in_o so_o desirable_a company_n which_o he_o stay_v willing_o in_o i._n e._n prefer_v his_o stay_n to_o go_v away_o i_o ask_v be_v not_o this_o stay_n voluntary_a i_o think_v no_o body_n will_v doubt_v it_o and_o yet_o be_v lock_v fast_o in_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n not_o to_o stay_v he_o have_v not_o freedom_n to_o be_v go_v so_o that_o liberty_n be_v not_o a_o idea_n belong_v to_o volition_n or_o prefer_v but_o to_o the_o person_n have_v the_o power_n of_o do_v or_o forbear_v to_o do_v according_a as_o the_o mind_n shall_v choose_v our_o idea_n of_o liberty_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o that_o power_n and_o no_o far_o for_o wherever_o restraint_n come_v to_o check_v that_o power_n or_o compulsion_n take_v away_o that_o indifferency_n to_o act_n or_o not_o to_o act_v there_o liberty_n and_o our_o notion_n of_o it_o present_o cease_v §_o 11._o we_o have_v instance_n enough_o and_o often_o more_o than_o enough_o in_o our_o own_o body_n a_o man_n heart_n beat_v and_o the_o blood_n circulate_v which_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n by_o any_o thought_n or_o volition_n to_o stop_v and_o therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o these_o motion_n where_o rest_n depend_v not_o on_o his_o choice_n nor_o will_v follow_v the_o determination_n of_o his_o mind_n if_o it_o shall_v prefer_v it_o he_o be_v not_o a_o free_a agent_n convulsive_a motion_n agitate_v his_o leg_n so_o that_o though_o he_o will_v it_o never_o so_o much_o he_o can_v by_o any_o power_n of_o his_o mind_n stop_v their_o motion_n as_o in_o that_o odd_a disease_n call_v chorea_fw-la sancti_fw-la viti_n but_o he_o be_v perpetual_o dance_v he_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n in_o this_o action_n but_o under_o as_o much_o necessity_n of_o move_v as_o a_o stone_n that_o fall_v or_o a_o tennis-ball_n strike_v with_o a_o racket_n on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o palsy_n or_o stock_n hinder_v his_o leg_n from_o obey_v the_o determination_n of_o his_o mind_n if_o it_o will_v thereby_o transferr_v his_o body_n to_o another_o place_n in_o all_o these_o there_o be_v want_n of_o freedom_n though_o the_o sit_v still_o even_o of_o a_o paralytic_a whilst_o he_o prefer_v it_o to_o removal_n be_v true_o voluntary_a voluntary_a then_o be_v not_o oppose_v to_o necessary_a but_o to_o involuntary_a for_o a_o man_n may_v prefer_v what_o he_o can_v do_v to_o what_o he_o can_v do_v the_o state_n he_o be_v in_o to_o its_o absence_n or_o change_n though_o necessity_n have_v make_v it_o in_o itself_o unalterable_a §_o 12._o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thought_n of_o our_o mind_n where_o any_o one_o be_v such_o that_o we_o have_v power_n to_o take_v it_o up_o or_o lay_v it_o by_o according_a to_o the_o preference_n of_o the_o mind_n there_o we_o be_v at_o liberty_n a_o wake_a man_n be_v under_o the_o necessity_n of_o have_v some_o idea_n constant_o in_o his_o mind_n be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o think_v or_o not_o to_o think_v no_o more_o than_o he_o be_v at_o liberty_n whether_o his_o body_n shall_v touch_v any_o other_o or_o no_o but_o whether_o he_o will_v remove_v his_o contemplation_n from_o one_o idea_n to_o another_o be_v many_o time_n in_o his_o choice_n and_o then_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o idea_n as_o much_o at_o liberty_n as_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o body_n he_o rest_v on_o he_o can_v at_o pleasure_n remove_v himself_o from_o one_o to_o another_o but_o yet_o some_o idea_n to_o the_o mind_n like_o some_o motion_n to_o the_o body_n be_v such_o as_o in_o certain_a circumstance_n it_o can_v avoid_v nor_o obtain_v their_o absence_n by_o the_o utmost_a effort_n it_o can_v use_v a_o man_n on_o the_o rack_n be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o lay_v by_o the_o idea_n of_o pain_n and_o entertain_v other_o contemplation_n and_o sometime_o a_o boisterous_a passion_n hurry_v our_o thought_n as_o a_o hurricane_a do_v our_o body_n without_o leave_v we_o the_o liberty_n of_o think_v on_o other_o thing_n which_o we_o will_v rather_o choose_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o mind_n regain_v the_o power_n to_o stop_v or_o continue_v begin_v or_o forbear_v any_o of_o these_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n without_o or_o thought_n within_o according_a as_o it_o think_v fit_a to_o prefer_v either_o to_o the_o other_o than_o we_o consider_v the_o man_n as_o a_o free_a agent_n again_o §_o 13._o wherever_o thought_n be_v whole_o want_v or_o the_o power_n to_o act_v or_o forbear_v there_o necessity_n take_v place_n this_o in_o a_o agent_n capable_a of_o volition_n when_o the_o beginning_n or_o continuation_n of_o any_o action_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o preference_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v call_v compulsion_n when_o the_o hinder_v or_o stop_v any_o action_n be_v contrary_a to_o his_o volition_n it_o be_v call_v restraint_n agent_n that_o have_v no_o thought_n no_o volition_n at_o all_o be_v in_o every_o thing_n necessary_a agent_n §_o 14._o if_o this_o be_v so_o as_o i_o imagine_v it_o be_v i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v whether_o it_o may_v not_o help_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o long_o agitate_a and_o i_o think_v unreasonable_a because_o unintelligible_a question_n viz._n whether_o man_n will_n be_v free_a or_o no._n for_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o it_o follow_v from_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o question_n itself_o be_v altogether_o improper_a and_o it_o be_v as_o insignificant_a to_o ask_v whether_o man_n will_n be_v free_a as_o to_o ask_v whether_o his_o sleep_n be_v swift_a or_o his_o virtue_n square_a liberty_n be_v as_o little_a applicable_a to_o the_o will_n as_o swiftness_n of_o motion_n be_v to_o sleep_n or_o squareness_n to_o virtue_n every_o one_o will_v laugh_v at_o the_o absurdity_n
always_o exist_v together_o in_o nature_n and_o this_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o have_v from_o a_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n combine_v those_o several_a simple_a idea_n together_o and_o consider_v they_o as_o one_o complex_fw-la one_o consist_v of_o those_o part_n and_o the_o mark_n of_o this_o union_n or_o that_o which_o be_v look_v on_o general_o to_o complete_a it_o be_v one_o name_n give_v to_o that_o combination_n for_o it_o be_v by_o their_o name_n that_o man_n common_o regulate_v their_o account_n of_o their_o distinct_a species_n of_o mix_a modes_n seldom_o allow_v or_o consider_v any_o number_n of_o simple_a idea_n to_o make_v one_o complex_fw-la one_o but_o such_o collection_n as_o there_o be_v name_n for_o thus_o though_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o old_a man_n be_v as_o fit_v in_o nature_n to_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o the_o kill_a a_o man_n father_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o name_n stand_v precise_o for_o the_o one_o as_o there_o be_v the_o name_n of_o parricide_n to_o mark_v the_o other_o it_o be_v not_o take_v for_o a_o particular_a complex_fw-la idea_n nor_o a_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n from_o that_o of_o kill_v a_o young_a man_n or_o any_o other_o man._n §_o 5._o if_o we_o shall_v inquire_v a_o little_a far_o to_o see_v what_o it_o be_v that_o occasion_n man_n to_o make_v several_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n into_o distinct_a and_o as_o it_o be_v settle_a modes_n and_o neglect_v other_o which_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n themselves_o have_v as_o much_o a_o aptness_n to_o be_v combine_v and_o make_v distinct_a idea_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o to_o be_v the_o end_n of_o language_n which_o be_v to_o mark_v or_o communicate_v man_n thought_n to_o one_o another_o with_o all_o the_o dispatch_n that_o may_v be_v they_o usual_o make_v such_o collection_n of_o idea_n into_o complex_fw-la modes_n and_o affix_v name_n to_o they_o as_o they_o have_v frequent_a use_n of_o in_o their_o way_n of_o live_v and_o conversation_n leave_v other_o which_o they_o have_v but_o seldom_o a_o occasion_n to_o mention_v loose_a and_o without_o name_n that_o tie_v they_o together_o they_o rather_o choose_v to_o enumerate_v when_o they_o have_v need_n such_o idea_n as_o make_v they_o up_o by_o the_o particular_a name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o than_o to_o trouble_v their_o memory_n by_o multiply_v of_o complex_fw-la idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o which_o they_o shall_v seldom_o or_o never_o have_v any_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o §_o 6._o this_o give_v we_o the_o reason_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v in_o every_o language_n word_n which_o can_v be_v render_v by_o any_o word_n of_o another_o for_o the_o several_a fashion_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o one_o nation_n make_v several_a combination_n of_o idea_n familiar_a and_o necessary_a in_o one_o which_o another_o people_n have_v never_o any_o occasion_n to_o make_v or_o perhaps_o so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o name_n come_v of_o course_n to_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o to_o avoid_v long_a periphrasis_n in_o thing_n of_o daily_a conversation_n and_o so_o they_o become_v so_o many_o distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n in_o their_o mind_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d among_o the_o greek_n and_o proscripto_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o people_n nor_o have_v therefore_o any_o name_n in_o other_o language_n that_o answer_v they_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o such_o action_n no_o use_n of_o such_o combination_n of_o idea_n as_o be_v unite_v and_o as_o it_o be_v tie_v together_o by_o those_o term_n and_o therefore_o in_o other_o country_n there_o be_v no_o name_n for_o they_o §_o 7._o hence_o also_o we_o may_v see_v the_o reason_n why_o language_n constant_o change_v take_v up_o new_a and_o lay_v by_o old_a term_n because_o change_v of_o custom_n and_o opinion_n bring_v with_o they_o new_a combination_n of_o idea_n which_o it_o be_v necessary_a frequent_o to_o think_v on_o and_o talk_v about_o new_a name_n to_o avoid_v long_a description_n be_v annex_v to_o they_o and_o so_o they_o become_v new_a species_n of_o complex_fw-la modes_n what_o a_o number_n of_o different_a idea_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v wrap_v up_o in_o one_o short_a sound_n and_o how_o much_o of_o our_o time_n and_o breath_n be_v thereby_o save_v any_o one_o will_v see_v who_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o idea_n that_o either_o reprieve_n or_o appeal_v stand_v for_o and_o instead_o of_o either_o of_o those_o name_n use_v a_o periphrasis_n to_o make_v any_o one_o understand_v their_o meaning_n §_o 8._o though_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v this_o more_o at_o large_a when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o word_n and_o their_o use_n yet_o i_o can_v not_o avoid_v to_o take_v thus_o much_o notice_n here_o of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n which_o be_v fleet_a and_o transient_a combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o have_v but_o a_o short_a existence_n any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n and_o there_o too_o have_v no_o long_o any_o existence_n than_o whilst_o they_o be_v think_v on_o have_v not_o so_o much_o any_o where_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o constant_a and_o last_a existence_n as_o in_o their_o name_n which_o be_v therefore_o in_o these_o sort_n of_o idea_n very_o apt_a to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o idea_n themselves_o for_o if_o we_o shall_v inquire_v where_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o triumph_n or_o apetheosis_n exist_v it_o be_v evident_a they_o can_v neither_o of_o they_o exist_v altogether_o any_o where_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o be_v action_n that_o require_v time_n to_o their_o performance_n and_o so_o can_v never_o all_o exist_v together_o and_o as_o to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n where_o the_o idea_n of_o these_o action_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v lodge_v they_o have_v there_o too_o a_o very_a uncertain_a existence_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o annex_v they_o to_o the_o name_n that_o excite_v they_o in_o we_o §_o 9_o there_o be_v therefore_o three_o way_n whereby_o we_o get_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n 1._o by_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o thing_n themselves_o thus_o by_o see_v two_o man_n wrestle_v or_o fence_n we_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o wrestle_v or_o fence_v 2._o by_o invention_n or_o voluntary_a put_v together_o of_o several_a simple_a idea_n in_o our_o own_o mind_n so_o he_o that_o first_o invent_v print_v or_o etch_v have_v a_o idea_n of_o it_o in_o his_o mind_n before_o it_o ever_o exi_v 3._o which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a way_n by_o explain_v the_o name_n of_o action_n we_o never_o see_v or_o notion_n we_o can_v see_v and_o by_o enumerate_v and_o thereby_o as_o it_o be_v set_v before_o our_o imagination_n all_o those_o idea_n which_o go_v to_o the_o make_v they_o up_o and_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o they_o for_o have_v by_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n store_v our_o mind_n with_o simple_a idea_n and_o by_o use_n get_v the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o we_o can_v by_o those_o name_n represent_v to_o another_o any_o complex_fw-la idea_n we_o can_v have_v he_o conceive_v so_o that_o it_o have_v in_o it_o no_o simple_a idea_n but_o what_o he_o know_v and_o have_v with_o we_o the_o same_o name_n for_o for_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v ultimate_o resolvable_a into_o simple_a idea_n of_o which_o they_o be_v compound_v and_o original_o make_v up_o though_o perhaps_o their_o immediate_a ingredient_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v be_v also_o complex_fw-la ideas_n thus_o the_o mix_a mode_n which_o the_o word_n lye_n stand_v for_o be_v make_v of_o these_o simple_a idea_n 1._o articulate_v sound_n 2._o certain_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n 3._o those_o word_n the_o sign_n of_o those_o idea_n 4._o those_o sign_n put_v together_o by_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n otherwise_o than_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n i_o think_v i_o need_v not_o go_v any_o far_o in_o the_o analysis_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n we_o call_v a_o lie_n what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o simple_a idea_n and_o it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v a_o offensive_a tediousness_n to_o my_o reader_n to_o trouble_v he_o with_o a_o more_o minute_n enumeration_n of_o every_o particular_a simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o this_o complex_fw-la one_o which_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v he_o can_v but_o be_v able_a to_o make_v out_o to_o himself_o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v in_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la ideas_n whatsoever_o which_o however_o
compound_v and_o decompound_v may_v at_o last_o be_v resolve_v into_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v all_o the_o material_n of_o knowledge_n or_o thought_n we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v nor_o shall_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v hereby_o stint_v to_o too_o scanty_a a_o number_n of_o idea_n if_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o inexhaustible_a stock_n of_o simple_a modes_n number_n and_o figure_n alone_o afford_v we_o how_o far_o then_o mix_v modes_n which_o admit_v of_o the_o various_a combination_n of_o different_a simple_a idea_n and_o their_o infinite_a modes_n be_v from_o be_v few_o and_o scanty_a we_o may_v easy_o imagine_v so_o that_o before_o we_o have_v do_v we_o shall_v see_v that_o no_o body_n need_v be_v afraid_a he_o shall_v have_v scope_n and_o compass_n enough_o for_o his_o thought_n to_o range_v in_o though_o they_o be_v as_o i_o pretend_v confine_v only_o to_o simple_a idea_n receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n and_o their_o several_a combination_n §_o 10._o it_o be_v worth_a our_o observe_v which_o of_o all_o our_o simple_a idea_n have_v be_v most_o modify_v and_o have_v most_o mix_v modes_n make_v out_o of_o they_o with_o name_n give_v to_o they_o and_o those_o have_v be_v these_o three_o think_v and_o motion_n which_o be_v the_o two_o idea_n which_o comprehend_v in_o they_o all_o action_n and_o power_n from_o whence_o these_o action_n be_v conceive_v to_o flow_v these_o simple_a idea_n i_o say_v of_o think_v motion_n and_o power_n have_v be_v those_o which_o have_v be_v most_o modify_v and_o out_o of_o who_o modification_n have_v be_v make_v most_o complex_fw-la modes_n with_o name_n to_o they_o for_o action_n be_v the_o great_a business_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o whole_a matter_n about_o which_o all_o law_n be_v conversant_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o several_a modes_n of_o think_v and_o motion_n shall_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o they_o observe_v and_o lay_v up_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o have_v name_n assign_v to_o they_o without_o which_o law_n can_v be_v but_o ill_o make_v or_o vice_n and_o disorder_n repress_v nor_o can_v any_o communication_n be_v well_o have_v among_o man_n without_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o man_n have_v settle_v name_n and_o suppose_a settle_a idea_n in_o their_o mind_n of_o mode_n of_o action_n distinguish_v by_o their_o cause_n mean_n object_n end_n instrument_n time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n and_o also_o of_o their_o power_n fit_v for_o those_o action_n v_o g._n boldness_n be_v the_o power_n to_o speak_v or_o do_v before_o other_o without_o fear_n or_o disorder_n and_o the_o greek_n call_v the_o confidence_n of_o speak_v by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o power_n or_o ability_n in_o man_n of_o do_v any_o thing_n when_o it_o have_v be_v acquire_v by_o frequent_a do_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o idea_n we_o name_v habit_n when_o it_o be_v forward_o and_o ready_a upon_o every_o occasion_n to_o break_v into_o action_n we_o call_v it_o disposition_n thus_o testiness_n be_v a_o disposition_n or_o aptness_n to_o be_v angry_a to_o conclude_v let_v we_o examine_v any_o modes_n of_o action_n v_o g._n consideration_n and_o assent_n which_o be_v action_n of_o the_o mind_n run_v and_o speak_v which_o be_v action_n of_o the_o body_n revenge_n and_o murder_n which_o be_v action_n of_o both_o together_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o but_o so_o many_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o together_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o signify_v by_o those_o name_n §_o 11._o power_n be_v the_o source_n from_o whence_o all_o action_n proceed_v the_o substance_n wherein_o these_o power_n be_v when_o they_o exert_v this_o power_n into_o act_n be_v call_v cause_n and_o the_o substance_n which_o thereupon_o be_v produce_v or_o the_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v introduce_v into_o any_o subject_n by_o the_o exert_n of_o that_o power_n be_v call_v effect_n the_o efficacy_n whereby_o the_o new_a substance_n or_o idea_n be_v produce_v be_v call_v in_o the_o subject_n exert_v that_o power_n action_n but_o in_o the_o subject_n wherein_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v change_v on_o produce_v it_o be_v call_v passion_n which_o efficacy_n however_o various_a and_o the_o effect_n almost_o infinite_a yet_o we_o can_v i_o think_v conceive_v it_o in_o intellectual_a agent_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o modes_n of_o think_v and_o willing_a in_o corporeal_a agent_n nothing_o else_o but_o modification_n of_o motion_n i_o say_v i_o think_v we_o can_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v any_o other_o but_o these_o two_o for_o whatever_o sort_n of_o action_n beside_o these_o produces_z any_o effect_n i_o confess_v myself_o to_o have_v no_o notion_n nor_o idea_n of_o and_o so_o they_o be_v quite_o remote_a from_o my_o thought_n apprehension_n and_o knowledge_n and_o be_v as_o much_o in_o the_o dark_a to_o i_o as_o five_z other_o sense_n or_o the_o idea_n of_o colour_n to_o a_o blind_a man_n and_o therefore_o many_o word_n which_o seem_v to_o express_v some_o action_n signify_v nothing_o of_o the_o action_n or_o modus_fw-la operandi_fw-la at_o all_o but_o bare_o the_o effect_n with_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o subject_a wrought_v on_o or_o cause_n operate_n v_o g._n creation_n annihilation_n contain_v in_o they_o no_o idea_n of_o the_o action_n or_o manner_n whereby_o they_o be_v produce_v but_o bare_o of_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o thing_n do_v and_o when_o a_o country_n man_n say_v the_o cold_a freeze_v water_n though_o the_o word_n freeze_a seem_v to_o import_v some_o action_n yet_o true_o it_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o effect_n viz._n that_o water_n that_o be_v before_o fluid_a be_v become_v hard_a and_o consistent_a without_o contain_v any_o idea_n of_o the_o action_n whereby_o it_o be_v do_v §_o 12._o i_o think_v i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o remark_n here_o that_o though_o power_n and_o action_n make_v the_o great_a part_n of_o mix_a modes_n mark_v by_o name_n and_o familiar_a in_o the_o mind_n and_o mouth_n of_o man_n yet_o other_o simple_a idea_n and_o their_o several_a combination_n be_v not_o exclude_v much_o less_o i_o think_v will_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o mix_a modes_n which_o have_v be_v settle_v with_o name_n to_o they_o that_o will_v be_v to_o make_v a_o dictionary_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o word_n make_v use_v of_o in_o divinity_n ethic_n law_n and_o politic_n and_o several_a other_o science_n all_o that_o be_v requisite_a to_o my_o present_a design_n be_v to_o show_v what_o sort_n of_o idea_n those_o be_v i_o call_v mix_v modes_n how_o the_o mind_n come_v by_o they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v composition_n make_v up_o of_o simple_a idea_n get_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n which_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v do_v chap._n xxiii_o of_o our_o complex_n idea_n of_o substance_n §_o 1._o the_o mind_n be_v as_o i_o have_v declare_v furnish_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o simple_a idea_n convey_v in_o by_o the_o sense_n as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o exterior_a thing_n or_o by_o reflection_n on_o its_o own_o operation_n take_v notice_n also_o that_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o these_o simple_a idea_n go_v constant_o together_o which_o be_v presume_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o thing_n and_o word_n be_v suit_v to_o common_a apprehension_n and_o make_v use_v of_o for_o quick_a dispatch_n be_v call_v so_o unite_v in_o one_o subject_n by_o one_o name_n which_o by_o inadvertency_n we_o be_v apt_a afterward_o to_o talk_v of_o and_o consider_v as_o one_o single_a idea_n which_o indeed_o be_v a_o complication_n of_o many_o idea_n together_o because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v not_o imagine_v how_o these_o simple_a idea_n can_v subsist_v by_o themselves_o we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o suppose_v some_o substratum_fw-la wherein_o they_o do_v subsist_v and_o from_o which_o they_o do_v result_v which_o therefore_o we_o call_v substance_n §_o 2._o so_o that_o if_o any_o one_o will_v examine_v himself_o concern_v his_o notion_n of_o pure_a substance_n in_o general_n he_o will_v find_v he_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o it_o at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o supposition_n of_o he_o know_v not_o what_o support_n of_o such_o quality_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o produce_v simple_a idea_n in_o we_o which_o quality_n be_v common_o call_v accident_n and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v ask_v what_o be_v the_o subject_n wherein_o colour_n or_o weight_n inhere_n he_o will_v have_v nothing_o to_o say_v but_o the_o solid_a extend_a part_n and_o if_o he_o be_v demand_v what_o be_v it_o that_o that_o solidity_n and_o extension_n inhere_o in_o he_o will_v not_o be_v in_o a_o much_o better_a case_n than_o the_o indian_a before_o mention_v who_o
be_v common_o call_v simple_a apprehension_n and_o the_o name_n of_o they_o simple_a term_n yet_o in_o effect_n be_v complex_fw-la and_o compound_v thus_o the_o idea_n which_o a_o englishman_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n swan_n be_v white_a colour_n long_a neck_n red_a beak_n black_a leg_n and_o whole_a foot_n and_o all_o these_o of_o a_o certain_a size_n with_o a_o power_n of_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o make_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o noise_n and_o perhaps_o to_o a_o man_n who_o have_v long_o observe_v those_o kind_n of_o bird_n some_o other_o property_n which_o all_o terminate_v in_o sensible_a simple_a idea_n §_o 15._o beside_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n we_o have_v of_o material_a sensible_a substance_n of_o which_o i_o have_v last_o speak_v by_o the_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v take_v from_o those_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n we_o experiment_n daily_o in_o ourselves_o as_o think_v understanding_n willing_a know_v and_o power_n of_o beginning_n motion_n etc._n etc._n coexi_v in_o some_o substance_n we_o be_v able_a to_o frame_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o spirit_n and_o thus_o by_o put_v together_o the_o idea_n of_o think_v perceive_v liberty_n and_o power_n of_o move_v themselves_o and_o other_o thing_n we_o have_v as_o clear_v a_o perception_n and_o notion_n of_o immaterial_a substance_n as_o we_o have_v of_o material_a for_o put_v together_o the_o idea_n of_o think_v and_o will_v or_o the_o power_n of_o move_v or_o quiet_v corporeal_a motion_n join_v to_o substance_n of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o spirit_n and_o by_o put_v together_o the_o idea_n of_o coherent_a solid_a part_n and_o a_o power_n of_o be_v move_v join_v with_o substance_n of_o which_o likewise_o we_o have_v no_o positive_a idea_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o matter_n the_o one_o be_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a a_o idea_n as_o the_o other_o the_o idea_n of_o think_v and_o move_v a_o body_n be_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a idea_n as_o the_o idea_n of_o extension_n solidity_n and_o be_v move_v for_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v equal_o obscure_a or_o none_o at_o all_o in_o both_o it_o be_v but_o a_o suppose_a i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o support_v those_o idea_n we_o call_v accident_n §_o 16._o by_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o extend_a figure_v colour_a and_o all_o other_o sensible_a quality_n which_o be_v all_o that_o we_o know_v of_o it_o we_o be_v as_o far_o from_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o body_n as_o if_o we_o know_v nothing_o at_o all_o nor_o after_o all_o the_o acquaintance_n and_o familiarity_n which_o we_o imagine_v we_o have_v with_o matter_n and_o the_o many_o quality_n man_n assure_v themselves_o they_o perceive_v and_o know_v in_o body_n will_v it_o perhaps_o upon_o examination_n be_v find_v that_o they_o have_v any_o more_o or_o clear_a primary_n ideas_n belong_v to_o body_n than_o they_o have_v belong_v to_o spirit_n §_o 17._o the_o primary_n ideas_n we_o have_v peculiar_a to_o body_n as_o contradistinguish_v to_o spirit_n be_v the_o cohesion_n of_o solid_a and_o consequent_o separable_a part_n and_o a_o power_n of_o communicate_v motion_n by_o impulse_n these_o i_o think_v be_v the_o original_a idea_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o body_n for_o figure_n be_v but_o the_o consequence_n of_o finite_a extension_n §_o 18._o the_o idea_n we_o have_v belong_v and_o peculiar_a to_o spirit_n be_v think_v and_o will_v or_o a_o power_n of_o put_v body_n into_o motion_n by_o thought_n and_o which_o be_v consequent_a to_o it_o liberty_n for_o as_o body_n can_v but_o communicate_v its_o motion_n by_o impulse_n to_o another_o body_n which_o it_o meet_v with_o at_o rest_n so_o the_o mind_n can_v put_v body_n into_o motion_n or_o forbear_v to_o do_v so_o as_o it_o please_v the_o idea_n of_o existence_n duration_n and_o mobility_n be_v common_a to_o they_o both_o §_o 19_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o i_o make_v mobility_n belong_v to_o spirit_n for_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o motion_n but_o change_n of_o distance_n with_o other_o being_n that_o be_v consider_v as_o at_o rest_n and_o find_v that_o spirit_n as_o well_o as_o body_n can_v operate_v but_o where_o they_o be_v and_o that_o spirit_n do_v operate_v at_o several_a time_n at_o several_a place_n i_o can_v but_o attribute_v change_n of_o place_n to_o all_o finite_a spirit_n for_o of_o the_o infinite_a spirit_n i_o speak_v not_o here_o for_o my_o soul_n be_v a_o real_a be_v as_o well_o as_o my_o body_n be_v certain_o as_o capable_a of_o change_v of_o distance_n with_o any_o other_o body_n or_o be_v as_o body_n itself_o and_o so_o be_v capable_a of_o motion_n and_o if_o a_o mathematician_n can_v consider_v a_o certain_a distance_n or_o a_o change_n of_o that_o distance_n between_o two_o point_n one_o may_v certain_o conceive_v a_o distance_n and_o a_o change_n of_o distance_n between_o two_o spirit_n and_o so_o conceive_v their_o motion_n their_o approach_n or_o removal_n one_o from_o another_o §_o 20._o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o his_o soul_n can_v think_v will_n and_o operate_v on_o his_o body_n in_o the_o place_n where_o that_o be_v but_o can_v operate_v on_o a_o body_n or_o in_o place_n a_o hundred_o mile_n distant_a from_o it_o no_o body_n can_v imagine_v that_o his_o soul_n can_v think_v or_o move_v a_o body_n at_o oxford_n whilst_o he_o be_v at_o london_n and_o can_v but_o know_v that_o be_v unite_v to_o his_o body_n it_o constant_o change_v place_v all_o the_o whole_a journey_n between_o oxford_n and_o london_n as_o the_o coach_n or_o horse_n do_v that_o carry_v he_o and_o i_o think_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_o all_o that_o while_n in_o motion_n or_o if_o that_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o afford_v we_o a_o clear_a idea_n enough_o of_o its_o motion_n its_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n in_o death_n i_o think_v will_n for_o to_o consider_v it_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o body_n or_o leave_v it_o and_o yet_o to_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o its_o motion_n seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a §_o 21._o if_o it_o be_v say_v by_o any_o one_o that_o it_o can_v change_v place_n because_o it_o have_v none_o for_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o loco_fw-la but_o vbi_fw-la i_o suppose_v that_o way_n of_o talk_v will_v not_o now_o be_v of_o much_o weight_n to_o many_o in_o a_o age_n that_o be_v not_o much_o dispose_v to_o admire_v or_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v deceive_v by_o such_o unintelligible_a way_n of_o speak_v but_o if_o any_o one_o think_v there_o be_v any_o sense_n in_o that_o distinction_n and_o applicable_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n i_o desire_v he_o to_o put_v it_o into_o intelligible_a english_a and_o then_o from_o thence_o draw_v a_o reason_n to_o show_v that_o spirit_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o motion_n indeed_o motion_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o god_n not_o because_o he_o be_v a_o spirit_n but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o infinite_a spirit_n §_o 22._o let_v we_o compare_v then_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o spirit_n with_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o body_n and_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o more_o obscurity_n in_o one_o than_o in_o the_o other_o and_o in_o which_o most_o our_o idea_n of_o body_n as_o i_o think_v be_v a_o extend_a solid_a substance_n capable_a of_o communicate_v motion_n by_o impulse_n and_o our_o idea_n of_o our_o soul_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n that_o think_v and_o have_v a_o power_n of_o exciting_a motion_n in_o body_n by_o will_n or_o think_v these_o i_o think_v be_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o soul_n and_o body_n as_o contradistinguish_v and_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v which_o have_v most_o obscurity_n in_o it_o and_o difficulty_n to_o be_v apprehend_v i_o know_v that_o people_n who_o thought_n be_v immerse_v in_o matter_n and_o have_v so_o subject_v their_o mind_n to_o their_o sense_n that_o they_o seldom_o reflect_v on_o any_o thing_n beyond_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o say_v they_o can_v comprehend_v a_o think_a thing_n which_o perhaps_o be_v true_a but_o i_o affirm_v when_o they_o consider_v it_o well_o they_o can_v no_o more_o comprehend_v a_o extend_a thing_n §_o 23._o if_o any_o one_o say_v he_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v think_v in_o he_o he_o mean_v he_o know_v not_o what_o the_o substance_n be_v of_o that_o think_v thing_n no_o more_o say_v i_o know_v he_o what_o the_o substance_n be_v of_o that_o solid_a thing_n far_o if_o he_o say_v he_o know_v not_o how_o he_o think_v i_o answer_v neither_o know_v he_o how_o he_o be_v extend_v how_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o body_n be_v unite_v or_o cohere_v together_o to_o make_v extension_n for_o though_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n
from_o another_o and_o have_v as_o clear_v and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o we_o of_o think_v as_o of_o solidity_n i_o know_v not_o why_o we_o may_v not_o as_o well_o allow_v a_o think_v thing_n without_o solidity_n i._n e._n immaterial_a to_o exist_v as_o a_o solid_a thing_n without_o think_v i._n e._n matter_n to_o exist_v especial_o since_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a to_o conceive_v how_o think_v shall_v exist_v without_o matter_n than_o how_o matter_n shall_v think_v for_o whensoever_o we_o will_v proceed_v beyond_o these_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n and_o dive_v far_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n we_o fall_v present_o into_o darkness_n and_o obscurity_n perplexedness_n and_o difficulty_n and_o can_v discover_v nothing_o far_o but_o our_o own_o blindness_n and_o ignorance_n but_o which_o ever_o of_o these_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v clear_a that_o of_o body_n or_o spirit_n this_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v they_o up_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n and_o so_o be_v it_o of_o all_o our_o other_o idea_n of_o substance_n even_o of_o god_n himself_o §_o 33._o for_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o the_o incomprehensible_a supreme_a be_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o we_o come_v by_o it_o the_o same_o way_n and_o that_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n we_o have_v both_o of_o god_n and_o separate_v spirit_n be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n we_o receive_v from_o reflection_n v_o g._n have_v from_o what_o we_o experiment_n in_o ourselves_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o existence_n and_o duration_n of_o knowledge_n and_o power_n of_o pleasure_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o several_a other_o quality_n and_o power_n which_o it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v than_o to_o be_v without_o when_o we_o will_v frame_v a_o idea_n the_o most_o suitable_a we_o can_v to_o the_o supreme_a be_v we_o enlarge_v every_o one_o of_o these_o with_o our_o idea_n of_o infinity_o and_o so_o put_v they_o together_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o god_n for_o that_o the_o mind_n have_v such_o a_o power_n of_o enlarge_a some_o of_o its_o idea_n receive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n have_v be_v already_o show_v §_o 34._o if_o i_o find_v that_o i_o know_v some_o few_o thing_n and_o some_o of_o they_o or_o all_o perhaps_o imperfect_o i_o can_v frame_v a_o idea_n of_o know_v twice_o as_o many_o which_o i_o can_v double_v again_o as_o often_o as_o i_o can_v add_v to_o number_n and_o thus_o enlarge_v my_o idea_n of_o knowledge_n by_o extend_v its_o comprehension_n to_o all_o thing_n exist_v or_o possible_a the_o same_o also_o i_o can_v do_v of_o know_v they_o more_o perfect_o i._n e._n all_o their_o quality_n power_n cause_n consequence_n and_o relation_n etc._n etc._n till_o all_o be_v perfect_o know_v that_o be_v in_o they_o or_o can_v any_o way_n relate_v to_o they_o and_o thus_o frame_v the_o idea_n of_o infinite_a or_o boundless_a knowledge_n the_o same_o may_v also_o be_v do_v of_o power_n till_o we_o come_v to_o that_o we_o call_v infinite_a and_o also_o of_o the_o duration_n of_o existence_n without_o beginning_n or_o end_n and_o so_o frame_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o eternal_a be_v the_o degree_n or_o extent_n wherein_o we_o ascribe_v existence_n power_n wisdom_n and_o all_o other_o perfection_n which_o we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o to_o that_o sovereign_n be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n be_v all_o boundless_a and_o infinite_a we_o frame_v the_o best_a idea_n of_o he_o our_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o all_o which_o be_v do_v i_o say_v by_o enlarge_a those_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v take_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n by_o reflection_n or_o by_o our_o sense_n from_o exterior_a thing_n to_o that_o vastness_n to_o which_o infinity_o can_v extend_v they_o §_o 35._o for_o it_o be_v infinity_o which_o join_v to_o our_o idea_n of_o existence_n power_n knowledge_n etc._n etc._n make_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n whereby_o we_o represent_v to_o ourselves_o the_o best_a we_o can_v the_o supreme_a be_v for_o though_o in_o his_o own_o essence_n which_o certain_o we_o do_v not_o know_v not_o know_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o pebble_n or_o a_o fly_n or_o of_o our_o own_o self_n god_n be_v simple_a and_o uncompounded_a yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o he_o but_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o existence_n knowledge_n power_n happiness_n etc._n etc._n infinite_a and_o eternal_a which_o be_v all_o distinct_a idea_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v relative_a be_v again_o compound_v of_o other_o all_o which_o be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v original_o get_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n go_v to_o make_v up_o the_o idea_n or_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o god_n §_o 36._o this_o far_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o idea_n we_o attribute_v to_o god_n bate_v infinity_o which_o be_v not_o also_o a_o part_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o other_o spirit_n because_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o other_o simple_a idea_n belong_v to_o any_o thing_n but_o body_n but_o those_o which_o by_o reflection_n we_o receive_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n we_o can_v attribute_v to_o spirit_n no_o other_o but_o what_o we_o receive_v from_o thence_o and_o all_o the_o difference_n we_o can_v put_v between_o they_o in_o our_o contemplation_n of_o spirit_n be_v only_o in_o the_o several_a extent_n and_o degree_n of_o their_o knowledge_n power_n duration_n happiness_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o in_o our_o idea_n as_o well_o of_o spirit_n as_o of_o other_o thing_n we_o be_v restrain_v to_o those_o we_o receive_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n be_v evident_a from_o hence_o that_o in_o our_o idea_n of_o spirit_n how_o much_o soever_o advance_v in_o perfection_n beyond_o those_o of_o body_n even_o to_o that_o of_o infinite_a we_o can_v yet_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o the_o manner_n wherein_o they_o discover_v their_o thought_n one_o to_o another_o though_o we_o must_v necessary_o conclude_v that_o spirit_n which_o be_v being_n that_o have_v perfect_a knowledge_n and_o great_a happiness_n than_o we_o must_v needs_o have_v also_o a_o perfect_a way_n of_o communicate_v their_o thought_n than_o we_o have_v who_o be_v fain_o to_o make_v use_n of_o corporeal_a sign_n and_o particular_o sound_v which_o be_v therefore_o of_o most_o general_a use_n as_o be_v the_o best_a and_o quick_a we_o be_v capable_a of_o but_o of_o immediate_a communication_n have_v no_o experiment_n in_o ourselves_o and_o consequent_o no_o notion_n of_o it_o at_o all_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n how_o spirit_n which_o use_v not_o word_n can_v with_o quickness_n or_o much_o less_o how_o spirit_n that_o have_v no_o body_n can_v be_v master_n of_o their_o own_o thought_n and_o communicate_v or_o conceal_v they_o at_o pleasure_n though_o we_o can_v but_o necessary_o suppose_v they_o have_v such_o a_o power_n §_o 37._o and_o thus_o we_o have_v see_v what_o kind_n of_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o substance_n of_o all_o kind_n wherein_o they_o consist_v and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o they_o from_o whence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o evident_a first_o that_o all_o our_o idea_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o substance_n be_v nothing_o but_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n with_o a_o supposition_n of_o something_o to_o which_o they_o belong_v and_o in_o which_o they_o subsist_v though_o of_o this_o suppose_a something_o we_o have_v no_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n at_o all_o second_o that_o all_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n we_o have_v of_o substance_n be_v make_v up_o of_o no_o other_o simple_a idea_n but_o such_o as_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n so_o that_o even_o in_o those_o which_o we_o think_v we_o be_v most_o intimate_o acquaint_v with_o and_o come_v near_a the_o comprehension_n of_o our_o most_o enlarge_a conception_n can_v reach_v beyond_o those_o simple_a idea_n and_o even_o in_o those_o which_o seem_v most_o remote_a from_o all_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o and_o do_v infinite_o surpass_v any_o thing_n we_o can_v perceive_v in_o ourselves_o by_o reflection_n or_o discover_v by_o sensation_n in_o other_o thing_n we_o can_v attain_v to_o nothing_o but_o these_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o original_o receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n we_o have_v of_o angel_n and_o particular_o of_o god_n himself_o three_o that_o most_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n when_o true_o consider_v be_v only_a power_n however_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o take_v they_o for_o positive_a quality_n v_o g._n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o idea_n that_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v
absolute_a because_o they_o neither_o signify_v nor_o intimate_v any_o thing_n but_o what_o do_v or_o be_v suppose_v real_o to_o exist_v in_o the_o man_n thus_o denominate_v but_o father_n brother_n king_n husband_n blacker_n merry_a etc._n etc._n be_v word_n which_o together_o with_o the_o thing_n they_o denominate_v imply_v also_o something_o else_o separate_a and_o exterior_a to_o the_o existence_n of_o that_o thing_n §_o 11._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o premise_n concern_v relation_n in_o general_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v in_o some_o instance_n how_o all_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o relation_n be_v make_v up_o as_o the_o other_o be_v only_o of_o simple_a idea_n and_o that_o they_o all_o how_o refine_v or_o remote_a from_o sense_n soever_o they_o seem_v terminate_v at_o last_o in_o simple_a idea_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a relation_n wherein_o all_o thing_n that_o do_v or_o can_v exist_v be_v concern_v and_o that_o be_v the_o relation_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n the_o idea_n whereof_o how_o derive_v from_o the_o two_o fountain_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n sensation_n and_o reflection_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n consider_v chap._n xxvi_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_v and_o other_o relation_n §_o 1._o in_o the_o notice_n that_o our_o sense_n take_v of_o the_o constant_a vicissitude_n of_o thing_n we_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o several_a particular_a both_o quality_n and_o substance_n begin_v to_o exist_v and_o that_o they_o receive_v this_o their_o existence_n from_o the_o due_a application_n and_o operation_n of_o some_o other_o be_v from_o this_o observation_n we_o get_v our_o idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n that_o which_o produce_v any_o simple_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n we_o denote_v by_o the_o general_a name_n cause_n and_o that_o which_o be_v produce_v effect_v thus_o find_v that_o in_o that_o substance_n which_o we_o call_v wax_n fluidity_n which_o be_v a_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v not_o in_o it_o before_o be_v constant_o produce_v by_o the_o application_n of_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n we_o call_v the_o simple_a idea_n of_o heat_n in_o relation_n to_o fluidity_n in_o wax_n the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o fluidity_n the_o effect_n so_o also_o find_v that_o the_o substance_n wood_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n so_o call_v will_v by_o the_o application_n of_o fire_n be_v turn_v into_o another_o substance_n call_v ash_n i_o e._n another_o complex_fw-la idea_n consist_v of_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n quite_o different_a from_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o we_o call_v wood_n we_o consider_v fire_n in_o relation_n to_o ash_n as_o cause_n and_o the_o ash_n as_o effect_v so_o that_o whatever_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o to_o conduce_v or_o operate_v to_o the_o produce_v any_o particular_a simple_a idea_n or_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n whether_o substance_n or_o mode_n which_o do_v not_o before_o exist_v have_v thereby_o in_o our_o mind_n the_o relation_n of_o a_o cause_n and_o so_o be_v denominate_v by_o we_o §_o 2._o have_v thus_o from_o what_o our_o sense_n be_v able_a to_o discover_v in_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n on_o one_o another_o get_v the_o notion_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_v viz._n that_o a_o cause_n be_v that_o which_o make_v any_o other_o thing_n either_o simple_a idea_n substance_n or_o mode_n begin_v to_o be_v and_o a_o effect_n be_v that_o which_o have_v its_o beginning_n from_o some_o other_o thing_n the_o mind_n find_v no_o great_a difficulty_n to_o distinguish_v the_o several_a original_n of_o thing_n into_o two_o sort_n first_o when_o the_o thing_n be_v whole_o make_v new_a so_o that_o no_o part_n thereof_o do_v ever_o exist_v before_o as_o when_o a_o new_a particle_n of_o matter_n do_v begin_v to_o exist_v in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la which_o have_v before_o no_o be_v and_o this_o we_o call_v creation_n second_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v up_o of_o particle_n which_o do_v all_o of_o they_o before_o exist_v but_o that_o very_a thing_n so_o constitute_v of_o pre-existing_a particle_n which_o consider_v altogether_o make_v up_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v not_o any_o existence_n before_o as_o this_o man_n this_o egg_n rose_n or_o cherry_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o when_o refer_v to_o a_o substance_n produce_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n by_o a_o internal_a principle_n but_o set_v on_o work_n by_o and_o receive_v from_o some_o external_a agent_n or_o cause_n and_o work_v by_o insensible_a way_n which_o we_o perceive_v not_o we_o call_v generation_n when_o the_o cause_n be_v extrinsical_a and_o the_o effect_v produce_v by_o a_o sensible_a separation_n or_o juxta_fw-la position_n of_o discernible_a part_n we_o call_v it_o make_v and_o such_o be_v all_o artificial_a thing_n when_o any_o simple_a idea_n be_v produce_v which_o be_v not_o in_o that_o subject_a before_o we_o call_v it_o alteration_n thus_o a_o man_n be_v generate_v a_o picture_n make_v and_o either_o of_o they_o alter_v when_o any_o new_a sensible_a quality_n or_o simple_a idea_n be_v produce_v in_o either_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o there_o before_o and_o the_o thing_n thus_o make_v to_o exist_v which_o be_v not_o there_o before_o be_v effect_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o operate_v to_o the_o existence_n cause_n in_o which_o and_o all_o other_o case_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_v have_v its_o rise_n from_o idea_n receive_v by_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n and_o that_o this_o relation_n how_o comprehensive_a soever_o terminate_v at_o last_o in_o they_o for_o to_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_v it_o suffice_v to_o consider_v any_o simple_a idea_n or_o substance_n as_o beginning_n to_o exist_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o some_o other_o without_o know_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o operation_n §_o 3._o time_n and_o place_n be_v also_o the_o foundation_n of_o very_a large_a relation_n and_o all_o finite_a being_n at_o least_o be_v concern_v in_o they_o but_o have_v already_o show_v in_o another_o place_n how_o we_o get_v these_o idea_n it_o may_v suffice_v here_o to_o intimate_v that_o most_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o thing_n receive_v from_o time_n be_v only_a relation_n thus_o when_o any_o one_o say_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n live_v sixty_o nine_o and_o reign_v forty_o five_o year_n these_o word_n import_v only_o the_o relation_n of_o that_o duration_n to_o some_o other_o and_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o the_o duration_n of_o her_o existence_n be_v equal_a to_o sixty_o nine_o and_o the_o duration_n of_o her_o government_n to_o forty_o five_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o be_v all_o word_n answer_v how_o long_o again_o william_n the_o conqueror_n invade_v england_n about_o the_o year_n 1070._o which_o mean_v this_o that_o take_v the_o duration_n from_o our_o saviour_n time_n till_o now_o for_o one_o entire_a great_a length_n of_o time_n it_o show_v at_o what_o distance_n this_o invasion_n be_v from_o the_o two_o extreme_n and_o so_o do_v all_o word_n of_o time_n answer_v to_o the_o question_n when_o which_o show_v only_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o point_n of_o time_n from_o the_o period_n of_o a_o long_a duration_n from_o which_o we_o measure_v and_o to_o which_o we_o thereby_o consider_v it_o as_o relate_v §_o 4_o there_o be_v yet_o beside_o those_o other_o word_n of_o time_n that_o ordinary_o be_v think_v to_o stand_v for_o positive_a idea_n which_o yet_o will_v when_o consider_v be_v find_v to_o be_v relative_a such_o as_o be_v young_a old_a etc._n etc._n which_o include_v and_o intimate_v the_o relation_n any_o thing_n have_v to_o a_o certain_a length_n of_o duration_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n thus_o have_v settle_v in_o our_o thought_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o ordinary_a duration_n of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v seventy_o year_n when_o we_o say_v a_o man_n be_v young_a we_o mean_v that_o his_o age_n be_v yet_o but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o that_o which_o usual_o man_n attain_v to_o and_o when_o we_o denominate_v he_o old_a we_o mean_v that_o his_o duration_n be_v run_v out_o almost_o to_o the_o end_n of_o that_o which_o man_n do_v not_o usual_o exceed_v and_o so_o it_o be_v but_o compare_v the_o particular_a age_n or_o duration_n of_o this_o or_o that_o man_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o that_o duration_n which_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o ordinary_o belong_v to_o that_o sort_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v plain_a in_o the_o application_n of_o these_o name_n to_o other_o thing_n for_o a_o man_n be_v call_v young_a at_o twenty_o year_n and_o very_o young_a at_o seven_o year_n old_a but_o yet_o a_o horse_n we_o call_v old_a at_o twenty_o and_o a_o dog_n at_o seven_o year_n because_o in_o each_o of_o these_o
we_o compare_v their_o age_n to_o different_a idea_n of_o duration_n which_o be_v settle_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o belong_v to_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o animal_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n though_o they_o have_v outla_v several_a generation_n of_o man_n we_o call_v not_o old_a because_o we_o do_v not_o know_v what_o period_n god_n have_v set_v to_o that_o â—ort_n of_o being_n this_o term_n belong_v proper_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o can_v observe_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n by_o a_o natural_a decay_n to_o come_v to_o a_o end_n in_o a_o certain_a period_n of_o time_n and_o so_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n as_o it_o be_v a_o standard_n to_o which_o we_o can_v compare_v the_o several_a part_n of_o their_o duration_n and_o by_o the_o relation_n they_o bear_v thereunto_o call_v they_o young_a or_o old_a which_o we_o can_v therefore_o do_v to_o a_o ruby_n or_o a_o diamond_n thing_n who_o usual_a period_n we_o know_v not_o §_o 5._o the_o relation_n also_o that_o thing_n have_v to_o one_o another_o in_o their_o place_n and_o distance_n be_v very_o obvious_a to_o observe_v as_o above_o below_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o charing-cross_n in_o england_n and_o in_o london_n but_o as_o in_o duration_n so_o in_o extension_n and_o bulk_n there_o be_v some_o idea_n that_o be_v relative_a which_o we_o signify_v by_o name_n that_o be_v think_v positive_a as_o great_a and_o little_a be_v true_o relation_n for_o here_o also_o have_v by_o observation_n settle_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o several_a species_n of_o thing_n from_o those_o we_o have_v be_v most_o accustom_v to_o we_o make_v they_o as_o it_o be_v the_o standard_n whereby_o to_o denominate_v the_o bulk_n of_o other_o thus_o we_o call_v a_o great_a apple_n such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v big_a than_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o those_o we_o have_v be_v use_v to_o and_o a_o little_a horse_n such_o a_o one_o as_o come_v not_o up_o to_o the_o size_n of_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n to_o belong_v ordinary_o to_o horse_n and_o that_o will_v be_v a_o great_a horse_n to_o a_o welshman_n which_o be_v but_o a_o little_a one_o to_o a_o fleming_n they_o two_o have_v from_o the_o different_a breed_n of_o their_o country_n take_v several_a size_v idea_n to_o which_o they_o compare_v and_o in_o relation_n to_o which_o they_o denominate_v their_o great_a and_o their_o little_a §_o 6._o so_o likewise_o weak_a and_o strong_a be_v but_o relative_a denomination_n of_o power_n compare_v to_o some_o idea_n we_o have_v at_o that_o time_n of_o great_a or_o less_o power_n thus_o when_o we_o say_v a_o weak_a man_n we_o mean_v one_o that_o have_v not_o so_o much_o strength_n or_o power_n to_o move_v as_o usual_o man_n have_v or_o usual_o those_o of_o his_o size_n have_v which_o be_v a_o compare_v his_o strength_n to_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o the_o usual_a strength_n of_o man_n or_o man_n of_o such_o a_o size_n the_o like_a when_o we_o say_v the_o creature_n be_v all_o weak_a thing_n weak_a there_o be_v but_o a_o relative_a term_n signify_v the_o disproportion_n there_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n and_o the_o creature_n and_o so_o abundance_n of_o word_n in_o ordinary_a speech_n stand_v only_o for_o relation_n and_o perhaps_o the_o great_a part_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o have_v no_o such_o signification_n v_o g._n the_o ship_n have_v necessary_a store_n necessary_a and_o store_n be_v both_o relative_a word_n one_o have_v a_o relation_n to_o the_o accomplish_v the_o thing_n intend_v and_o the_o other_o to_o future_a use_n all_o which_o relation_n how_o they_o be_v confine_v to_o and_o terminate_v in_o idea_n derive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n be_v too_o obvious_a to_o need_v any_o explication_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o other_o relation_n §_o 1._o beside_o the_o beforementioned_a occasion_n of_o time_n place_n and_o causality_n of_o compare_v or_o refer_v thing_n one_o to_o another_o there_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v infinite_a other_o some_z whereof_o i_o shall_v mention_v first_o the_o first_o i_o shall_v name_v be_v some_o one_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o part_n or_o degree_n afford_v a_o occasion_n of_o compare_v the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o one_o another_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o simple_a idea_n v_o g._n white_a sweet_a bigger_n equal_a more_o etc._n etc._n these_o relation_n depend_v on_o the_o equality_n and_o excess_n of_o the_o same_o simple_a idea_n in_o several_a subject_n may_v be_v call_v if_o one_o will_v proportional_a and_o that_o these_o be_v only_o conversant_a about_o those_o simple_a idea_n receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o nothing_o need_v be_v say_v to_o evince_v it_o §_o 2._o second_o another_o occasion_n of_o compare_v thing_n together_o or_o consider_v one_o thing_n so_o as_o to_o include_v in_o that_o consideration_n some_o other_o thing_n be_v the_o circumstance_n of_o their_o origine_fw-la or_o beginning_n which_o be_v not_o afterward_o to_o be_v alter_v make_v the_o relation_n depend_v thereon_o as_o last_v as_o the_o subject_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v v_o g._n father_n and_o son_n brother_n cousin-germanes_a etc._n etc._n which_o have_v their_o relation_n by_o one_o community_n of_o blood_n wherein_o they_o partake_v in_o several_a degree_n countryman_n i._n e._n those_o who_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o same_o country_n or_o tract_n of_o ground_n and_o these_o i_o call_v natural_a relation_n wherein_o i_o may_v observe_v that_o mankind_n have_v fit_v their_o notion_n and_o word_n to_o the_o use_n of_o common_a life_n and_o not_o to_o the_o truth_n and_o extent_n of_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o reality_n the_o relation_n be_v the_o same_o betwixt_o the_o begetter_n and_o the_o beget_v in_o the_o several_a race_n of_o other_o animal_n as_o well_o as_o man_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v seldom_o say_v this_o bull_n be_v the_o grandfather_n of_o such_o a_o calf_n or_o that_o two_o pigeon_n be_v counsin-germanes_a it_o be_v very_o convenient_a that_o by_o distinct_a name_n these_o relation_n shall_v be_v observe_v and_o mark_v out_o in_o mankind_n there_o be_v occasion_n both_o in_o law_n and_o other_o communication_n one_o with_o another_o to_o mention_v and_o take_v notice_n of_o man_n under_o these_o relation_n from_o whence_o also_o arise_v the_o obligation_n of_o several_a duty_n among_o man_n whereas_o in_o brute_n man_n have_v very_o little_a or_o no_o cause_n to_o mind_v those_o relation_n they_o have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v they_o distinct_a and_o peculiar_a name_n this_o by_o the_o way_n may_v give_v we_o some_o light_n into_o the_o different_a state_n and_o growth_n of_o language_n which_o be_v suit_v only_o to_o the_o convenience_n of_o communication_n be_v proportion_v to_o the_o notion_n man_n have_v and_o the_o commerce_n of_o thought_n familiar_a among_o they_o and_o not_o to_o the_o reality_n or_o extent_n of_o thing_n nor_o to_o the_o various_a respect_n may_v be_v find_v among_o they_o or_o the_o different_a abstract_n consideration_n may_v be_v frame_v about_o they_o where_o they_o have_v no_o philosophical_a notion_n there_o they_o have_v no_o term_n to_o express_v they_o and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n man_n shall_v have_v frame_v no_o name_n for_o those_o thing_n they_o find_v no_o occasion_n to_o discourse_v of_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v why_o as_o in_o some_o country_n they_o may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n for_o a_o horse_n and_o in_o other_o where_o they_o be_v more_o careful_a of_o the_o pedigree_n of_o their_o horse_n than_o of_o their_o own_o that_o there_o they_o may_v have_v not_o only_a name_n for_o particular_a horse_n but_o also_o of_o their_o several_a relation_n of_o kindred_n one_o to_o another_o §_o 3._o three_o sometime_o the_o foundation_n of_o consider_v thing_n with_o reference_n to_o one_o another_o be_v some_o act_n whereby_o any_o one_o come_v by_o a_o moral_a right_o power_n or_o obligation_n to_o do_v something_o thus_o a_o general_n be_v one_o that_o have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o army_n and_o a_o army_n under_o a_o general_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o arm_a man_n oblige_v to_o obey_v one_o man._n a_o citizen_n or_o a_o burgher_n be_v one_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o certain_a privilege_n in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n all_o this_o sort_n depend_v upon_o man_n will_n or_o agreement_n in_o society_n i_o call_v institute_v or_o voluntary_a and_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o natural_a in_o that_o they_o be_v most_o if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o some_o way_n or_o other_o alterable_a and_o separable_a from_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o have_v sometime_o
and_o blame_v go_v together_o virtue_n be_v everywhere_o that_o which_o be_v think_v praiseworthy_a and_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o public_a esteem_n be_v virtue_n virtue_n and_o praise_n be_v so_o unite_v that_o they_o be_v call_v often_o by_o the_o same_o name_n sunt_fw-la sua_fw-la proemia_fw-la laudi_fw-la say_v virgil_n and_o so_o cicero_n nihil_fw-la habet_fw-la natura_fw-la praestantius_fw-la quam_fw-la honestatem_fw-la quam_fw-la laudem_fw-la quam_fw-la dignitatem_fw-la quam_fw-la decus_fw-la which_o he_o tell_v you_o be_v all_o name_n for_o the_o same_o thing_n tusc._n l._n 2._o this_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n who_o well_o understand_v wherein_o their_o notion_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n consist_v and_o though_o perhaps_o by_o the_o different_a temper_n education_n fashion_n maxim_n or_o interest_n of_o different_a sort_n of_o man_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o what_o be_v think_v praiseworthy_a in_o one_o place_n escape_v not_o censure_v in_o another_o and_o so_o in_o different_a society_n virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v change_v yet_o as_o to_o the_o main_n they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n keep_v the_o same_o every_o where_o for_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o natural_a than_o to_o encourage_v with_o esteem_n and_o reputation_n that_o wherein_o every_o one_o find_v his_o advantage_n and_o to_o blame_v and_o discountenance_v the_o contrary_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o esteem_v and_o discredit_v virtue_n and_o vice_n shall_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n everywhere_o correspond_v with_o the_o unchangeable_a rule_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n which_o the_o law_n of_o god_n have_v establish_v there_o be_v nothings_o that_o so_o direct_o and_o visible_o secure_v and_o advance_v the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n in_o this_o world_n as_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n he_o have_v set_v they_o and_o nothing_o that_o breed_v such_o mischief_n and_o confusion_n as_o the_o neglect_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o man_n without_o renounce_v all_o sense_n and_o reason_n and_o their_o own_o interest_n which_o they_o be_v so_o constant_o true_a to_o can_v not_o general_o mistake_v in_o place_v their_o commendation_n and_o blame_v on_o that_o side_n that_o real_o deserve_v it_o not_o nay_o even_o those_o man_n who_o practice_n be_v otherwise_o fail_v not_o to_o give_v their_o approbation_n right_a few_o be_v deprave_v to_o that_o degree_n as_o not_o to_o condemn_v at_o least_o in_o other_o the_o fault_n they_o themselves_o be_v guilty_a of_o whereby_o even_o in_o the_o corruption_n of_o manner_n the_o true_a boundary_n of_o the_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v pretty_a well_o preserve_v so_o that_o even_o the_o exhortation_n of_o inspire_a teacher_n have_v not_o fear_v to_o appeal_v to_o common_a repute_n whatsoever_o be_v lovely_a whatsoever_o be_v of_o good_a report_n if_o there_o be_v any_o virtue_n if_o there_o be_v any_o praise_n etc._n etc._n phil._n 4.8_o §_o 12._o if_o any_o one_o shall_v imagine_v that_o i_o have_v forget_v my_o own_o notion_n of_o a_o law_n when_o i_o make_v the_o law_n whereby_o man_n judge_v of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o consent_n of_o private_a man_n who_o have_v not_o authority_n enough_o to_o make_v a_o law_n especial_o want_v that_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a and_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n a_o power_n to_o enforce_v it_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o he_o who_o imagine_v commendation_n and_o disgrace_n not_o to_o be_v strong_a motive_n on_o man_n to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o opinion_n and_o rule_n of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o converse_v seem_v little_o skilled_a in_o the_o nature_n or_o history_n of_o mankind_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o he_o shall_v find_v to_o govern_v themselves_o chief_o if_o not_o sole_o by_o this_o law_n of_o fashion_n and_o so_o they_o do_v that_o which_o keep_v they_o in_o reputation_n with_o their_o company_n little_a regard_n the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o magistrate_n the_o penalty_n that_o attend_v the_o breach_n of_o god_n law_n some_o nay_o perhaps_o most_o man_n seldom_o serious_o reflect_v on_o and_o among_o those_o that_o do_v many_o whilst_o they_o break_v the_o law_n entertain_v thought_n of_o future_a reconciliation_n and_o make_v their_o peace_n for_o such_o breach_n and_o as_o to_o the_o punishment_n due_a from_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o frequent_o flatter_v themselves_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o impunity_n but_o no_o man_n escape_v the_o punishment_n of_o their_o censure_n and_o dislike_n who_o offend_v against_o the_o fashion_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o company_n he_o keep_v and_o will_v recommend_v himself_o to_o nor_o be_v there_o one_o of_o ten_o thousand_o who_o be_v stiff_a and_o insensible_a enough_o to_o hear_v up_o under_o the_o constant_a dislike_n and_o condemnation_n of_o his_o own_o club._n he_o must_v be_v of_o a_o strange_a and_o unusual_a constitution_n who_o can_v content_v himself_o to_o live_v in_o constant_a disgrace_n and_o disrepute_n with_o his_o own_o particular_a society_n solitude_n many_o man_n have_v seek_v and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o but_o no_o body_n that_o have_v the_o least_o thought_n or_o sense_n of_o a_o man_n about_o he_o can_v live_v in_o society_n under_o the_o constant_a dislike_n and_o ill_a opinion_n of_o his_o familiar_n and_o those_o he_o converse_v with_o this_o be_v a_o burden_n too_o heavy_a for_o (null)_o sufferance_n and_o he_o must_v be_v make_v up_o of_o irreconcilable_a contradiction_n who_o can_v take_v pleasure_n in_o company_n and_o yet_o be_v insensible_a of_o contempt_n and_o disgrace_n from_o his_o companion_n §_o 13._o these_o three_o then_o first_o the_o law_n of_o god_n second_o the_o law_n of_o politic_a society_n three_o the_o law_n of_o fashion_n or_o private_a censure_n be_v those_o to_o which_o man_n various_o compare_v their_o action_n and_o it_o be_v by_o their_o conformity_n to_o one_o of_o these_o law_n that_o they_o take_v their_o measure_n when_o they_o will_v judge_v of_o their_o moral_a rectitude_n and_o denominate_v their_o action_n good_a or_o bad_a §_o 14._o whether_o the_o rule_n to_o which_o as_o to_o a_o touchstone_n we_o bring_v our_o voluntary_a action_n to_o examine_v they_o by_o and_o try_v their_o goodness_n and_o according_o to_o name_v they_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o value_n we_o set_v upon_o they_o whether_o i_o say_v we_o take_v that_o rule_n from_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o will_n of_o a_o lawmaker_n the_o mind_n be_v easy_o able_a to_o observe_v the_o relation_n any_o action_n have_v to_o it_o and_o to_o judge_v whether_o the_o action_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o rule_n and_o so_o have_v a_o notion_n of_o moral_a goodness_n or_o evil_n which_o be_v either_o conformity_n or_o not_o conformity_n of_o any_o action_n to_o that_o rule_n and_o therefore_o be_v often_o call_v moral_a rectitude_n this_o rule_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o collection_n of_o several_a simple_a idea_n the_o conformity_n thereto_o be_v but_o so_o order_v the_o action_n that_o the_o simple_a idea_n belong_v to_o it_o may_v correspond_v to_o those_o which_o the_o law_n require_v and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o moral_a being_n and_o notion_n be_v found_v on_o and_o terminate_v in_o these_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v receive_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n beside_o which_o we_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o our_o understanding_n to_o employ_v our_o thought_n about_o for_o example_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n we_o signify_v by_o the_o word_n murder_n and_o when_o we_o have_v take_v it_o asunder_o and_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o amount_v to_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n derive_v from_o reflection_n or_o sensation_n viz._n first_o from_o reflection_n on_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o willing_a consider_v purpose_v before_o hand_n malice_n or_o wish_v ill_o to_o another_o and_o also_o of_o life_n or_o perception_n and_o self-motion_n second_o from_o sensation_n we_o have_v the_o collection_n of_o the_o simple_a sensible_a idea_n of_o a_o man_n and_o of_o some_o action_n whereby_o we_o put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o perception_n and_o motion_n in_o the_o man_n all_o which_o simple_a idea_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n murder_n this_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v find_v by_o i_o to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o esteem_n of_o the_o country_n i_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o and_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o most_o man_n there_o worthy_a praise_n or_o blame_v i_o call_v the_o action_n virtuous_a or_o vicious_a if_o i_o have_v the_o will_n of_o a_o supreme_a invisible_a lawmaker_n for_o my_o rule_n then_o as_o i_o suppose_v the_o action_n command_v or_o
forbid_v by_o god_n i_o call_v it_o good_a or_o evil_a sin_n or_o duty_n and_o if_o i_o compare_v it_o to_o civil_a law_n the_o rule_n make_v by_o the_o legislative_a of_o the_o country_n i_o call_v it_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a a_o crime_n or_o no_o crime_n so_o that_o whencesoever_o we_o take_v the_o rule_n of_o moral_a action_n or_o by_o what_o standard_n soever_o we_o frame_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o virtue_n or_o vice_n they_o consist_v only_o and_o be_v make_v up_o of_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o original_o receive_v from_o sense_n or_o reflection_n and_o their_o rectitude_n or_o obliquity_n consist_v in_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n with_o those_o pattern_n prescribe_v by_o some_o law_n §_o 15._o to_o conceive_v a_o right_n of_o moral_a action_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o under_o this_o twofold_a consideration_n first_o as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o each_o make_v up_o of_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n thus_o drunkenness_n or_o lie_v signify_v such_o or_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o i_o call_v mix_v modes_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o be_v as_o much_o positive_a absolute_a idea_n as_o the_o drink_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o speak_v of_o a_o parrot_n second_o our_o action_n be_v consider_v as_o good_a bad_a or_o indifferent_a and_o in_o this_o respect_n they_o be_v relative_n it_o be_v their_o conformity_n to_o or_o disagreement_n with_o some_o rule_n that_o make_v they_o to_o be_v regular_a or_o irregular_a good_a or_o bad_a and_o so_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v compare_v with_o a_o rule_n and_o thereupon_o denominate_v they_o come_v under_o relation_n thus_o the_o challenge_v and_o fight_v with_o a_o man_n as_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a positive_a mode_n or_o particular_a sort_n of_o action_n by_o particular_a idea_n distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o be_v call_v duel_v which_o when_o consider_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n will_v deserve_v the_o name_n sin_n to_o the_o law_n of_o fashion_n in_o some_o country_n valour_n and_o virtue_n and_o to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o some_o government_n a_o capital_a crime_n in_o this_o case_n when_o the_o positive_a mode_n have_v one_o name_n and_o another_o name_n as_o it_o stand_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o law_n the_o distinction_n may_v as_o easy_o be_v observe_v as_o it_o be_v in_o substance_n where_o one_o name_n v_o g._n man_n be_v use_v to_o signify_v the_o thing_n another_o v_o g._n father_n to_o signify_v the_o relation_n §_o 16._o but_o because_o very_o frequent_o the_o positive_a idea_n of_o the_o action_n and_o its_o moral_a relation_n be_v comprehend_v together_o under_o one_o name_n and_o the_o same_o word_n make_v use_v of_o to_o express_v both_o the_o mode_n or_o action_n and_o its_o moral_a rectitude_n or_o obliquity_n therefore_o the_o relation_n itself_o be_v less_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o there_o be_v often_o no_o distinction_n make_v between_o the_o positive_a idea_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o reference_n it_o have_v to_o rule_v by_o which_o confusion_n of_o these_o two_o distinct_a consideration_n under_o one_o term_n those_o who_o yield_v too_o easy_o to_o the_o impression_n of_o sound_n and_o be_v forward_o to_o take_v name_n for_o thing_n be_v often_o misâ—ed_v in_o their_o judgement_n of_o action_n thus_o the_o take_n from_o another_o what_o be_v his_o without_o his_o knowledge_n or_o allowance_n be_v proper_o call_v steal_v but_o that_o name_n be_v common_o understand_v to_o signify_v also_o the_o moral_a pravity_n of_o the_o action_n and_o to_o denote_v its_o contrariety_n to_o the_o law_n man_n be_v apt_a to_o condemn_v whatever_o they_o hear_v call_v steal_v as_o a_o ill_a action_n disagree_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o right_n and_o yet_o the_o private_a take_v away_o his_o sword_n from_o a_o madman_n to_o prevent_v his_o do_v mischief_n though_o it_o be_v proper_o denominate_v steal_v as_o the_o name_n of_o such_o a_o mix_a mode_n yet_o when_o compare_v to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n when_o consider_v in_o its_o relation_n to_o that_o supreme_a rule_n it_o be_v no_o sin_n or_o transgression_n though_o the_o name_n steal_v ordinary_o carry_v such_o a_o intimation_n with_o it_o §_o 17._o and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o relation_n of_o (null)_o action_n to_o a_o law_n which_o therefore_o i_o call_v moral_a relation_n it_o will_v make_v a_o volume_n to_o go_v over_o all_o sort_n of_o relation_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v here_o mention_v they_o all_o it_o suffice_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n to_o show_v by_o these_o what_o the_o idea_n be_v we_o have_v of_o this_o comprehensive_a consideration_n call_v relation_n which_o be_v so_o various_a and_o the_o occasion_n of_o it_o so_o many_o as_o many_o as_o there_o can_v be_v of_o compare_v thing_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o reduce_v it_o to_o rule_n or_o under_o just_a head_n those_o i_o have_v mention_v i_o think_v be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o let_v we_o see_v from_o whence_o we_o get_v our_o idea_n of_o relation_n and_o wherein_o they_o be_v found_v but_o before_o i_o quit_v this_o argument_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o observe_v §_o 18._o first_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o relation_n terminate_v in_o and_o be_v ultimate_o found_v on_o those_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v get_v from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n so_o that_o all_o that_o we_o have_v in_o our_o thought_n ourselves_o if_o we_o think_v of_o any_o thing_n or_o have_v any_o meaning_n or_o will_v signify_v to_o other_o when_o we_o use_v word_n stand_v for_o relation_n be_v nothing_o but_o some_o simple_a idea_n or_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n compare_v one_o with_o another_o this_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o that_o sort_n call_v proportional_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o for_o when_o a_o man_n say_v honey_n be_v sweet_a than_o wax_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o his_o thought_n in_o this_o relation_n terminate_v in_o this_o simple_a idea_n sweetness_n which_o be_v equal_o true_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n though_o where_o they_o be_v compound_v or_o decompound_v the_o simple_a idea_n they_o be_v make_v up_o of_o be_v perhaps_o seldom_o take_v notice_n of_o v_o g._n when_o the_o word_n father_n be_v mention_v first_o there_o be_v mean_v that_o particular_a of_o species_n or_o collective_a idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n man_n second_o those_o sensible_a simple_a idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n generation_n and_o three_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o and_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n child_n so_o the_o word_n friend_n be_v take_v for_o a_o man_n who_o love_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v good_a to_o another_o have_v all_o those_o follow_a idea_n to_o the_o make_n of_o it_o up_o first_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n man_n or_o intelligent_a be_v second_o the_o idea_n of_o love_n three_o the_o idea_n of_o readiness_n or_o disposition_n four_o the_o idea_n of_o action_n which_o be_v any_o kind_n of_o thought_n or_o motion_n five_o the_o idea_n of_o good_a which_o signify_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v advance_v his_o happiness_n and_o terminate_v at_o last_o if_o examine_v in_o particular_a simple_a idea_n of_o which_o the_o word_n good_a in_o general_n signify_v any_o one_o but_o if_o remove_v from_o all_o simple_a idea_n quite_o it_o signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o thus_o also_o all_o moral_a word_n terminate_v at_o last_o though_o perhaps_o more_o remote_o in_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n the_o immediate_a signification_n of_o relative_n word_n be_v very_o often_o other_o suppose_a know_a relation_n which_o if_o trace_v one_o to_o another_o still_o end_n in_o simple_a idea_n §_o 19_o second_o that_o in_o relation_n we_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o not_o always_o as_o clear_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o relation_n as_o we_o have_v of_o those_o simple_a idea_n wherein_o it_o be_v found_v agreement_n or_o disagreement_n whereon_o relation_n depend_v be_v thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v common_o as_o clear_a idea_n as_o of_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v but_o the_o distinguish_a simple_a idea_n or_o their_o degree_n one_o from_o another_o without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o distinct_a knowledge_n at_o all_o for_o if_o i_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o sweetness_n light_n or_o extension_n i_o have_v too_o of_o equal_a or_o more_o or_o less_o of_o each_o of_o these_o if_o i_o know_v what_o it_o be_v for_o one_o man_n to_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o woman_n viz._n sempronia_n i_o know_v what_o it_o be_v for_o another_o man_n to_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o woman_n
lose_v in_o obscurity_n for_o that_o idea_n which_o be_v to_o represent_v only_a bigness_n must_v be_v very_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a which_o we_o can_v distinguish_v from_o one_o ten_o time_n as_o big_a but_o only_o by_o number_n so_o that_o we_o have_v clear_a distinct_a idea_n we_o may_v say_v of_o ten_o and_o one_o but_o no_o distinct_a idea_n of_o two_o such_o extension_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o hence_o that_o when_o we_o talk_v of_o infinite_a divisibility_n of_o body_n or_o extension_n our_o distinct_a and_o clear_a idea_n be_v only_o of_o number_n but_o the_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o extension_n after_o some_o progress_n of_o division_n be_v quite_o lose_v and_o of_o such_o minute_n part_n we_o have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n at_o all_o but_o it_o return_v as_o all_o our_o idea_n of_o infinite_a do_v at_o last_o to_o that_o of_o number_n always_o to_o be_v add_v but_o thereby_o never_o amount_v to_o any_o distinct_a idea_n of_o actual_a infinite_a part_n we_o have_v it_o be_v true_a a_o clear_a idea_n of_o division_n as_o often_o as_o we_o will_v think_v of_o it_o but_o thereby_o we_o have_v no_o more_o a_o clear_a idea_n of_o infinite_a part_n in_o matter_n than_o we_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o a_o infinite_a number_n by_o be_v able_a still_o to_o add_v new_a number_n to_o any_o assign_a number_n we_o have_v endless_a divisibility_n give_v we_o no_o more_o a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o actual_o infinite_a part_n than_o endless_a addibility_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v give_v we_o a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o a_o actual_o infinite_a number_n they_o both_o be_v only_o in_o a_o power_n still_o of_o increase_v the_o number_n be_v it_o already_o as_o great_a as_o it_o will_n so_o that_o of_o what_o remain_v to_o be_v add_v wherein_o consist_v the_o infinity_o we_o have_v but_o a_o obscure_a imperfect_a and_o confuse_a idea_n from_o or_o about_o which_o we_o can_v argue_v or_o reason_n with_o no_o certainty_n or_o clearness_n no_o more_o than_o we_o can_v in_o arithmetic_n about_o a_o number_n of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o such_o distinct_a idea_n as_o we_o have_v of_o 4_o or_o 100_o but_o only_o this_o relative_a obscure_a one_o that_o compare_v to_o any_o other_o it_o be_v still_o big_a and_o we_o have_v no_o more_o a_o clear_a positive_a idea_n of_o it_o when_o we_o say_v or_o conceive_v it_o be_v big_a or_o more_o than_o 400_o 000_o 000_o than_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v big_a than_o 40_o or_o 4_o 4000_o 000_o 000_o have_v no_o near_a a_o proportion_n to_o the_o end_n of_o addition_n or_o number_n than_o 4._o for_o he_o that_o add_v only_o 4_o to_o 4_o and_o so_o proceed_v shall_v as_o soon_o come_v to_o the_o end_n of_o all_o addition_n as_o he_o that_o add_v 400_o 000_o 000_o to_o 400_o 000_o 000._o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o eternity_n he_o that_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o but_o four_o year_n have_v as_o much_o a_o positive_a complete_a idea_n of_o eternity_n as_o he_o that_o have_v one_o of_o 400_o 000_o 000_o of_o year_n for_o what_o remain_v of_o eternity_n beyond_o either_o of_o these_o two_o number_n of_o year_n be_v as_o clear_v to_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o i._n e._n neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o clear_a positive_a idea_n of_o it_o at_o all_o for_o he_o that_o add_v only_o 4_o year_n to_o 4_o and_o so_o on_o shall_v as_o soon_o reach_v eternity_n as_o he_o that_o add_v 400_o 000_o 000_o of_o year_n and_o so_o on_o or_o if_o he_o please_v double_v the_o increase_n as_o often_o as_o he_o will_v the_o remain_a abyss_n be_v still_o as_o far_o beyond_o the_o end_n of_o all_o these_o progression_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o length_n of_o a_o day_n or_o a_o hour_n for_o nothing_o finite_a bear_v any_o proportion_n to_o infinite_a and_o therefore_o our_o idea_n which_o be_v all_o finite_a can_v bear_v any_o thus_o it_o be_v also_o in_o our_o idea_n of_o extension_n when_o we_o increase_v it_o by_o addition_n as_o well_o as_o when_o we_o diminish_v it_o by_o division_n and_o will_v enlarge_v our_o thought_n to_o infinite_a space_n after_o a_o few_o doubling_n of_o those_o idea_n of_o extension_n which_o be_v the_o large_a we_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v we_o lose_v the_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o that_o space_n it_o become_v a_o confuse_o great_a one_o with_o a_o surplus_n of_o still_o great_a about_o which_o when_o we_o will_v argue_v or_o reason_n we_o shall_v always_o find_v ourselves_o at_o a_o loss_n confuse_a idea_n in_o our_o arguing_n and_o deduction_n from_o they_o always_o lead_v we_o into_o confusion_n chap._n xxix_o of_o real_a and_o fantastical_a idea_n §_o 1._o beside_o what_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v concern_v idea_n other_o consideration_n belong_v to_o they_o in_o reference_n to_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v or_o which_o they_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o represent_v and_o thus_o i_o think_v they_o may_v come_v under_o a_o threefold_a distinction_n and_o be_v first_o either_o real_a or_o fantastical_a second_o adequate_a or_o inadequate_v three_o true_a or_o false_a first_o by_o real_a idea_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o have_v a_o foundation_n in_o nature_n such_o as_o have_v a_o conformity_n with_o the_o real_a be_v and_o existence_n of_o thing_n or_o with_o their_o archetype_n fantastical_a or_o chimerical_a i_o call_v such_o as_o have_v no_o foundation_n in_o nature_n nor_o have_v any_o conformity_n with_o that_o reality_n of_o be_v to_o which_o they_o be_v tacit_o refer_v as_o to_o their_o archetype_n if_o we_o examine_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o idea_n beforementioned_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o §_o 2._o first_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v all_o real_a all_o agree_v to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n not_o that_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o the_o image_n or_o representation_n of_o what_o do_v exist_v the_o contrary_a whereof_o in_o all_o but_o the_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n have_v be_v already_o show_v but_o though_o whiteness_n and_o coldness_n be_v no_o more_o in_o snow_n than_o pain_n be_v yet_o those_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n and_o coldness_n pain_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o we_o the_o effect_n of_o power_n in_o thing_n without_o we_o ordain_v by_o our_o maker_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o such_o sensation_n they_o be_v real_a idea_n in_o we_o whereby_o distinguish_v the_o quality_n that_o be_v real_o in_o thing_n themselves_o for_o these_o several_a appearance_n be_v design_v to_o be_v the_o mark_n whereby_o we_o be_v to_o know_v and_o distinguish_v thing_n we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o our_o idea_n do_v as_o well_o serve_v we_o to_o that_o purpose_n and_o be_v as_o real_a distinguish_a character_n whether_o they_o be_v only_o constant_a effect_n or_o else_o exact_a resemblance_n of_o something_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o the_o reality_n lie_v in_o that_o steady_a correspondence_n they_o have_v with_o the_o distinct_a constitution_n of_o real_a being_n but_o whether_o they_o answer_v to_o these_o constitution_n as_o to_o cause_n or_o pattern_n it_o matter_n not_o it_o suffice_v that_o they_o be_v constant_o produce_v by_o they_o and_o thus_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v all_o real_a and_o true_a because_o they_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o those_o power_n of_o thing_n which_o produce_v they_o in_o our_o mind_n that_o be_v all_o that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v they_o real_a and_o not_o fictious_a at_o pleasure_n for_o in_o simple_a idea_n as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o mind_n be_v whole_o confine_v to_o the_o operation_n of_o thing_n upon_o it_o and_o can_v make_v to_o itself_o no_o simple_a idea_n more_o than_o what_o it_o have_v receive_v §_o 3._o though_o the_o mind_n be_v whole_o passive_a in_o respect_n of_o its_o simple_a idea_n yet_o i_o think_v we_o may_v say_v it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o complex_fw-la idea_n for_o those_o be_v combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n put_v together_o and_o unite_v under_o one_o general_a name_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n use_v some_o kind_n of_o liberty_n in_o form_v those_o complex_fw-la idea_n how_o else_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o one_o man_n idea_n of_o gold_n or_o justice_n be_v different_a from_o another_o but_o because_o he_o have_v put_v in_o or_o leave_v out_o of_o he_o some_o simple_a idea_n which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o the_o question_n than_o be_v which_o of_o these_o be_v real_a and_o which_o bare_o imaginary_a combination_n what_o collection_n agree_v to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o what_o not_o and_o to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o §_o 4._o second_o mix_v modes_n and_o relation_n have_v no_o other_o reality_n but_o what_o they_o have_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o require_v to_o those_o kind_n of_o
idea_n to_o make_v they_o real_a but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o frame_v that_o there_o be_v a_o possibility_n of_o exist_v conformable_a to_o they_o these_o idea_n be_v themselves_o archetype_n can_v differ_v from_o their_o achetype_n and_o so_o can_v be_v chimerical_a unless_o any_o one_o will_v jumble_v together_o in_o they_o inconsistent_a idea_n indeed_o as_o any_o of_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o a_o know_a language_n assign_v to_o they_o by_o which_o he_o that_o have_v they_o in_o his_o mind_n will_v signify_v they_o to_o other_o so_o bare_o possibility_n of_o exist_v be_v not_o enough_o they_o must_v have_v a_o conformity_n to_o the_o ordinary_a signification_n of_o the_o name_n that_o be_v give_v they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v think_v fantastical_a as_o if_o a_o man_n will_v give_v the_o name_n of_o justice_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o common_a use_n call_v liberality_n but_o this_o phantasticalness_n relate_v more_o to_o propriety_n of_o speech_n than_o reality_n of_o idea_n for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v undisturbed_a in_o danger_n but_o sedate_o to_o consider_v what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v and_o to_o execute_v it_o steady_o be_v a_o mix_a mode_n or_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o action_n which_o may_v exist_v but_o to_o be_v undisturbed_a in_o danger_n without_o use_v one_o reason_n or_o industry_n be_v what_o be_v also_o possible_a to_o be_v and_o so_o be_v as_o real_a a_o idea_n as_o the_o other_o though_o the_o first_o of_o these_o have_v the_o name_n courage_n give_v to_o it_o may_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o name_n be_v a_o right_n or_o wrong_a idea_n but_o the_o other_o whilst_o it_o have_v not_o a_o common_a receive_v name_n of_o any_o know_a language_n assign_v to_o it_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o rectitude_n or_o deformity_n be_v make_v with_o no_o reference_n to_o any_o thing_n but_o its_o self_n §_o 5._o three_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v all_o of_o they_o in_o reference_n to_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o and_o intend_v to_o be_v representation_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o real_o be_v be_v no_o far_o real_a than_o as_o they_o be_v such_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v real_o unite_v and_o co-exist_a in_o thing_n without_o we_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o be_v fantastical_a which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o be_v real_o never_o unite_v never_o be_v find_v together_o in_o any_o substance_n v_o g._n a_o rational_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o horse_n head_n join_v to_o a_o body_n of_o (null)_o shape_n or_o such_o as_o the_o centauri_n be_v describe_v or_o a_o body_n yellow_a very_o malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v but_o light_a than_o common_a water_n or_o a_o uniform_a unorganize_v body_n consist_v as_o to_o sense_n all_o of_o similar_v part_n with_o perception_n and_o voluntary_a motion_n join_v to_o it_o whether_o such_o substance_n as_o these_o can_v possible_o exist_v or_o no_o it_o be_v probable_a we_o do_v not_o know_v but_o be_v that_o as_o it_o will_v these_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v conformable_a to_o no_o pattern_n exist_v that_o we_o know_v and_o consist_v of_o such_o collection_n of_o idea_n as_o no_o substance_n ever_o show_v we_o unite_v together_o they_o ought_v to_o pass_v with_o we_o for_o bare_o imaginary_a but_o much_o more_o be_v those_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o contain_v in_o they_o any_o inconsistency_n or_o contradiction_n of_o their_o part_n chap._n xxx_o of_o adequate_a and_o inadequate_a idea_n §_o 1._o of_o our_o real_a idea_n some_o be_v adequate_a and_o some_o be_v inadequate_a those_o i_o call_v adequate_a which_o perfect_o represent_v those_o archetype_n which_o the_o mind_n suppose_v they_o take_v from_o which_o it_o intend_v they_o to_o stand_v for_o and_o to_o which_o it_o refer_v they_o inadequate_a idea_n be_v such_o which_o be_v but_o a_o partial_a or_o incomplete_a representation_n of_o those_o archetype_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v plain_a §_o 2._o first_o that_o all_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v adequate_a because_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o certain_a power_n in_o thing_n fit_v and_o ordain_v by_o god_n to_o produce_v such_o sensation_n in_o we_o they_o can_v but_o be_v correspondent_a and_o adequate_a to_o those_o power_n and_o we_o be_v sure_o they_o agree_v to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n for_o if_o sugar_n produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n which_o we_o call_v whiteness_n and_o sweetness_n we_o be_v sure_o there_o be_v a_o power_n in_o sugar_n to_o produce_v those_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n or_o else_o they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v produce_v and_o so_o each_o sensation_n answer_v the_o power_n that_o operate_v on_o any_o of_o our_o sense_n the_o idea_n so_o produce_v be_v a_o real_a idea_n and_o not_o a_o fiction_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o have_v no_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o simple_a idea_n and_o can_v but_o be_v adequate_a since_o it_o ought_v only_o to_o answer_v that_o power_n and_o so_o all_o simple_a idea_n be_v adequate_a it_o be_v true_a the_o thing_n produce_v in_o we_o these_o simple_a idea_n be_v but_o few_o of_o they_o denominate_v by_o we_o as_o if_o they_o be_v only_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o but_o as_o if_o those_o idea_n be_v real_a being_n in_o they_o for_o though_o fire_n be_v call_v painful_a to_o the_o touch_n whereby_o it_o signify_v the_o power_n of_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o pain_n yet_o it_o be_v denominate_v also_o light_a and_o hot_a as_o if_o light_a and_o heat_v be_v real_o something_o in_o the_o fire_n more_o than_o a_o power_n to_o excite_v these_o idea_n in_o we_o and_o therefore_o be_v call_v quality_n in_o or_o of_o the_o fire_n but_o these_o being_n nothing_o in_o truth_n but_o power_n to_o excite_v such_o idea_n in_o we_o i_o must_v in_o that_o sense_n be_v understand_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o secundary_a quality_n as_o be_v in_o thing_n or_o of_o their_o idea_n as_o be_v in_o the_o object_n that_o excite_v they_o in_o we_o such_o way_n of_o speak_v though_o accommodate_v to_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n without_o which_o one_o can_v be_v well_o understand_v yet_o true_o signify_v nothing_o but_o those_o power_n which_o be_v in_o thing_n to_o excite_v certain_a sensation_n or_o idea_n in_o we_o since_o be_v there_o no_o fit_a organ_n to_o receive_v the_o impression_n fire_n make_v on_o the_o sight_n and_o touch_n nor_o a_o mind_n join_v to_o those_o organ_n to_o receive_v the_o idea_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n by_o those_o impression_n from_o the_o fire_n or_o the_o sun_n there_o will_v yet_o be_v no_o more_o light_n or_o heat_v in_o the_o world_n than_o there_o will_v be_v pain_n if_o there_o be_v no_o sensible_a creature_n to_o feel_v it_o though_o the_o sun_n shall_v continue_v just_a as_o it_o be_v now_o and_o mount_v aetna_n flame_n high_o than_o ever_o it_o do_v solidity_n and_o extension_n and_o the_o termination_n of_o it_o figure_n with_o motion_n and_o rest_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o idea_n will_v be_v real_o in_o the_o world_n as_o they_o be_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o sensible_a be_v to_o perceive_v they_o or_o no_o and_o therefore_o those_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o look_v on_o as_o the_o real_a modification_n of_o matter_n and_o such_o as_o be_v the_o exciting_a cause_n of_o all_o our_o various_a sensation_n from_o body_n but_o this_o be_v a_o enquiry_n not_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n i_o shall_v enter_v no_o far_o into_o it_o but_o proceed_v to_o show_v what_o complex_fw-la ideas_n be_v adequate_a and_o what_o not_o §_o 3._o second_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n be_v voluntary_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o the_o mind_n put_v together_o without_o reference_n to_o any_o real_a archetype_n or_o stand_v pattern_n exist_v any_o where_o be_v and_o can_v but_o be_v adequate_a idea_n because_o they_o not_o be_v intend_v for_o copy_n of_o thing_n real_o exist_v but_o for_o archetype_n make_v by_o the_o mind_n to_o rank_n and_o denominate_v thing_n by_o can_v want_v any_o thing_n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o that_o combination_n of_o idea_n and_o thereby_o that_o perfection_n the_o mind_n intend_v they_o shall_v so_o that_o the_o mind_n acquiesces_fw-la in_o they_o and_o can_v find_v nothing_o want_v thus_o by_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o figure_n with_o three_o side_n meet_v at_o three_o angle_n i_o have_v a_o complete_a idea_n wherein_o i_o require_v nothing_o else_o to_o make_v it_o perfect_a that_o the_o mind_n be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o perfection_n of_o this_o its_o idea_n be_v plain_a in_o that_o it_o do_v not_o conceive_v that_o any_o understanding_n have_v or_o can_v have_v a_o more_o complete_a or_o perfect_a idea_n of_o that_o thing_n
it_o signify_v by_o the_o word_n triangle_n suppose_v it_o to_o exist_v than_o itself_o have_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o three_o side_n and_o three_o angle_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v all_o that_o iâ—_n or_o can_v be_v essential_a to_o it_o or_o necessary_a to_o complete_a it_o wherever_o or_o howe-eve_a it_o exist_v but_o in_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o there_o desire_v to_o copy_n thing_n as_o they_o real_o do_v exist_v and_o to_o represent_v to_o ourselves_o that_o constitution_n on_o which_o all_o their_o property_n depend_v we_o perceive_v our_o idea_n attain_v not_o that_o perfection_n we_o intend_v we_o find_v they_o still_o want_v something_o we_o shall_v be_v glad_a be_v in_o they_o and_o so_o be_v all_o inadequate_a but_o mix_v modes_n and_o relation_n be_v archetype_n without_o pattern_n and_o so_o have_v nothing_o to_o represent_v but_o themselves_o can_v but_o be_v adequate_a every_o thing_n be_v so_o to_o itself_o he_o that_o as_o first_o put_v together_o the_o idea_n of_o danger_n perceive_v absence_n of_o disorder_n from_o fear_n sedate_v consideration_n of_o what_o be_v just_o to_o be_v do_v and_o execute_v of_o that_o without_o disturbance_n or_o be_v deter_v by_o the_o danger_n of_o it_o have_v certain_o in_o his_o mind_n that_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o that_o combination_n and_o intend_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o what_o it_o be_v nor_o to_o have_v in_o it_o any_o other_o simple_a idea_n but_o what_o it_o have_v it_o can_v not_o also_o but_o be_v a_o adequate_a idea_n and_o lay_v this_o up_o in_o his_o memory_n with_o the_o name_n courage_n annex_v to_o it_o to_o signify_v it_o to_o other_o and_o denominate_v from_o thence_o any_o action_n he_o shall_v observe_v to_o agree_v with_o it_o have_v thereby_o a_o standard_n to_o measure_n and_o denominate_v action_n by_o as_o they_o agree_v to_o it_o this_o idea_n thus_o make_v and_o lay_v up_o for_o a_o pattern_n must_v necessary_o be_v adequate_a be_v refer_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o itself_o nor_o make_v by_o any_o other_o original_a but_o the_o goodliking_a and_o will_v of_o he_o that_o first_o make_v this_o combination_n §_o 4._o indeed_o another_o come_n after_o and_o in_o conversation_n learning_n from_o he_o the_o word_n courage_n may_v make_v a_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o give_v that_o name_n courage_n different_a from_o what_o the_o first_o author_n apply_v it_o to_o and_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n when_o he_o use_v it_o and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o he_o design_n that_o hâ—s_v idea_n in_o think_v shall_v be_v conformable_a to_o the_o other_o idea_n as_o the_o name_n he_o use_v in_o speak_v be_v conformable_a in_o sound_a to_o he_o from_o who_o he_o learn_v it_o his_o idea_n may_v be_v very_a wrong_n and_o inadequate_a because_o in_o this_o case_n make_v the_o other_o man_n idea_n the_o pattern_n of_o his_o idea_n in_o think_v as_o the_o other_o man_n word_n or_o sound_v be_v the_o pattern_n of_o he_o in_o speak_v his_o idea_n be_v so_o far_o defective_a and_o inadequate_a as_o it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o archetype_n and_o pattern_n he_o refer_v it_o to_o and_o intend_v to_o express_v and_o signify_v by_o the_o name_n he_o use_v for_o it_o which_o name_n he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o the_o other_o man_n idea_n to_o which_o in_o its_o proper_a use_n it_o be_v primary_o annex_v and_o of_o his_o own_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o to_o which_o if_o his_o own_o do_v not_o exact_o correspond_v it_o be_v faulty_a and_o inadequate_a §_o 5._o therefore_o these_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n when_o they_o be_v refer_v by_o the_o mind_n and_o intend_v to_o correspond_v to_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o some_o other_o intelligent_a be_v express_v by_o the_o name_n we_o apply_v to_o they_o they_o may_v be_v very_o deficient_a wrong_a and_o inadequate_a because_o they_o agree_v not_o to_o that_o which_o the_o mind_n design_n to_o be_v their_o archetype_n and_o pattern_n in_o which_o respect_n only_o any_o idea_n of_o modes_n can_v be_v wrong_a imperfect_a or_o inadequate_v and_o on_o this_o account_n our_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v the_o most_o liable_a to_o be_v faulty_a of_o any_o other_o but_o this_o refer_v more_o to_o proper_a speak_v than_o know_v right_a §_o 6._o three_o what_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o substance_n i_o have_v above_o show_v now_o those_o idea_n have_v in_o the_o mind_n a_o double_a reference_n 1._o sometime_o they_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o suppose_a real_a essence_n of_o each_o species_n of_o thing_n 2._o sometime_o they_o be_v only_o design_v to_o be_v picture_n and_o representation_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o thing_n that_o do_v exist_v by_o idea_n that_o be_v discoverable_a in_o they_o in_o both_o which_o way_n these_o copy_n of_o their_o original_n and_o archetype_n be_v imperfect_a and_o inadequate_a first_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o man_n to_o make_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n stand_v for_o thing_n as_o suppose_v to_o have_v certain_a real_a essence_n whereby_o they_o be_v of_o this_o or_o that_o species_n and_o name_n stand_v for_o nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o man_n mind_n they_o must_v consequent_o refer_v their_o idea_n to_o such_o real_a essence_n as_o to_o their_o archetype_n that_o man_n especial_o such_o as_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o learning_n teach_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n do_v suppose_v certain_a specific_a essence_n of_o substance_n which_o each_o individual_a in_o its_o several_a kind_n be_v make_v conformable_a to_o and_o partake_v of_o be_v so_o far_o from_o need_v proof_n that_o it_o will_v be_v think_v strange_a if_o any_o one_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o and_o thus_o they_o ordinary_o apply_v the_o specific_a name_n they_o rank_v particular_a substance_n under_o to_o thing_n as_o distinguish_v by_o such_o specific_a real_a essence_n who_o be_v there_o almost_o who_o will_v not_o take_v it_o amiss_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v doubt_v whether_o he_o call_v himself_o man_n with_o any_o other_o meaning_n than_o as_o have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o man_n and_o yet_o if_o you_o demand_v what_o those_o real_a essence_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a man_n be_v ignorant_a and_o know_v they_o not_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o idea_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mind_n be_v refer_v to_o real_a essence_n as_o archetype_n which_o be_v unknown_a must_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v adequate_a that_o they_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v any_o representation_n of_o they_o at_o all_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n we_o have_v of_o substance_n be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v certain_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o have_v be_v observe_v or_o suppose_v constant_o to_o exist_v together_o but_o such_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n can_v be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o any_o substance_n for_o then_o the_o property_n we_o discover_v in_o that_o body_n will_v depend_v on_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n and_o be_v deducible_a from_o it_o and_o their_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o it_o be_v know_v as_o all_o property_n of_o a_o triangle_n depend_v on_o and_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v discoverable_a be_v deducible_a from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o three_o line_n include_v a_o space_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o contain_v such_o idea_n on_o which_o all_o the_o other_o quality_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o do_v depend_v the_o common_a idea_n man_n have_v of_o iron_n be_v a_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a colour_n weight_n and_o hardness_n and_o a_o property_n that_o they_o look_v on_o as_o belong_v to_o it_o be_v malleableness_n but_o yet_o this_o property_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n nor_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o malleableness_n depend_v on_o that_o colour_n weight_n and_o hardness_n than_o that_o that_o colour_n or_o that_o weight_n depend_v on_o its_o malleableness_n and_o yet_o though_o we_o know_v nothing_o of_o these_o real_a essence_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinary_a than_o that_o man_n shall_v attribute_v the_o sort_n of_o thing_n to_o such_o essence_n the_o particular_a parcel_n of_o matter_n which_o make_v the_o ring_n i_o have_v on_o my_o finger_n be_v forward_o by_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o have_v a_o real_a essence_n whereby_o it_o be_v gold_n and_o from_o whence_o those_o quality_n flow_v which_o i_o find_v in_o it_o viz._n it_o be_v peculiar_a colour_n weight_n hardness_n fusibility_n fixedness_n and_o change_v of_o colour_n upon_o a_o slight_a touch_n of_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n this_o essence_n from_o which_o all_o these_o property_n flow_v when_o i_o inquire_v into_o it_o and_o search_v after_o it_o
i_o plain_o perceive_v i_o can_v discover_v the_o far_a i_o can_v go_v be_v only_o to_o presume_v that_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o body_n its_o real_a essence_n or_o internal_a constitution_n on_o which_o these_o quality_n depend_v can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o figure_n size_n and_o connexion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n of_o neither_o of_o which_o i_o have_v any_o distinct_a perception_n at_o all_o i_o can_v have_v no_o idea_n of_o its_o real_a essence_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o have_v that_o particular_a shine_a yellowness_n a_o great_a weight_n than_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o a_o fitness_n to_o have_v its_o colour_n change_v by_o the_o touch_n of_o quicksilver_n if_o any_o one_o will_v say_v that_o the_o real_a essence_n and_o internal_a constitution_n on_o which_o these_o property_n depend_v be_v not_o the_o figure_n size_n and_o arangement_n or_o connexion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n but_o something_o else_o call_v its_o particular_a form_n i_o be_o far_a from_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o its_o real_a essence_n than_o i_o be_v before_o for_o i_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o figure_n size_n and_o situation_n of_o solid_a part_n in_o general_a though_o i_o have_v none_o of_o the_o particular_a figure_n size_n or_o put_v together_o of_o part_n whereby_o the_o quality_n abovementioned_a be_v produce_v which_o quality_n i_o find_v in_o that_o particular_a parcel_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v on_o my_o finger_n and_o not_o in_o another_o parcel_n of_o matter_n with_o which_o i_o cut_v the_o pen_n i_o write_v with_o but_o when_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o something_o beside_o the_o figure_n size_n and_o posture_n of_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o that_o body_n be_v its_o essence_n something_o call_v substantial_a form_n of_o that_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o but_o only_o of_o the_o sound_a form_n which_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o a_o idea_n of_o its_o real_a essence_n or_o constitution_n the_o like_a ignorance_n as_o i_o have_v of_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o this_o particular_a substance_n i_o have_v also_o of_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o all_o other_o natural_a one_o of_o which_o essence_n i_o confess_v i_o have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n at_o all_o and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suppose_v other_o when_o they_o examine_v their_o own_o knowledge_n will_v find_v in_o themselves_o in_o this_o one_o point_n the_o same_o sort_n of_o ignorance_n §_o 7._o now_o then_o when_o man_n apply_v to_o this_o particular_a parcel_n of_o matter_n on_o my_o finger_n a_o general_a name_n already_o in_o use_n and_o denominate_v it_o gold_n do_v they_o not_o ordinary_o or_o be_v they_o not_o understand_v to_o give_v it_o that_o name_n as_o belong_v to_o a_o particular_a species_n of_o body_n have_v a_o real_a internal_a essence_n by_o have_v of_o which_o essence_n this_o particular_a substance_n come_v to_o be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n if_o it_o be_v so_o as_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v the_o name_n by_o which_o thing_n be_v mark_v as_o have_v that_o essence_n must_v be_v refer_v primary_o to_o that_o essence_n and_o consequent_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v give_v must_v be_v refer_v also_o to_o that_o essence_n and_o be_v intend_v to_o represent_v it_o which_o essence_n since_o they_o who_o so_o use_v the_o name_n know_v not_o their_o idea_n of_o substance_n must_v be_v all_o inadequate_a in_o that_o respect_n as_o not_o contain_v in_o they_o that_o real_a essence_n which_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o shall_v §_o 8._o second_o those_o who_o neglect_v that_o useless_a supposition_n of_o unknown_a real_a essence_n whereby_o they_o be_v distinguish_v endeavour_v to_o copy_v the_o substance_n that_o exist_v in_o the_o world_n by_o put_v together_o the_o idea_n of_o those_o sensible_a quality_n which_o be_v sound_v co-existing_a in_o they_o though_o they_o come_v much_o near_o a_o likeness_n of_o they_o than_o those_o who_o imagine_v they_o know_v not_o what_o real_a specific_a essence_n yet_o they_o arrive_v not_o at_o perfect_o adequate_a idea_n of_o those_o substance_n they_o will_v thus_o copy_v into_o their_o mind_n nor_o do_v those_o copy_n exact_o and_o full_o contain_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o their_o archetype_n because_o those_o quality_n and_o power_n of_o substance_n whereof_o we_o make_v their_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v so_o many_o and_o various_a that_o no_o man_n complex_fw-la idea_n contain_v they_o all_o that_o our_o abstract_n idea_n of_o substance_n do_v not_o contain_v in_o they_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o be_v evident_a in_o that_o man_n do_v rare_o put_v into_o their_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o any_o substance_n all_o the_o simple_a idea_n they_o do_v know_v to_o exist_v in_o it_o because_o endeavour_v to_o make_v the_o signification_n of_o their_o specific_a name_n as_o clear_v and_o as_o little_a cumbersome_a as_o they_o can_v they_o make_v their_o specific_a idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o a_o few_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o but_o these_o have_v no_o original_a precedency_n or_o right_o to_o be_v put_v in_o and_o make_v the_o specific_a idea_n more_o than_o other_o that_o be_v leave_v out_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o both_o these_o way_n our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v deficient_a and_o inadequate_a the_o simple_a idea_n whereof_o we_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o substance_n be_v all_o of_o they_o baâ—ing_v only_o the_o figure_n and_o bulk_n of_o some_o sort_n power_n which_o be_v relation_n to_o other_o substancesâ—_n we_o can_v never_o be_v sure_a we_o know_v all_o the_o power_n that_o be_v in_o any_o one_o body_n till_o we_o have_v try_v what_o change_v it_o be_v fit_v to_o give_v to_o or_o receive_v from_o other_o substance_n in_o their_o several_a way_n of_o application_n which_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v try_v upon_o any_o one_o body_n much_o less_o upon_o all_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v have_v adequate_a idea_n of_o any_o substance_n make_v up_o of_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o its_o property_n §_o 9_o whosoever_o first_o light_n on_o a_o parcel_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o substance_n we_o denote_v by_o the_o word_n gold_n can_v not_o rational_o take_v the_o bulk_n and_o figure_n he_o observe_v in_o that_o lump_n to_o depend_v on_o its_o real_a essence_n on_o its_o internal_a constitution_n therefore_o those_o never_o go_v into_o his_o idea_n of_o that_o species_n of_o body_n but_o its_o peculiar_a colour_n perhaps_o and_o weight_n be_v the_o first_o he_o abstract_v from_o it_o to_o make_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o species_n which_o bothâ—_n be_v but_o power_n the_o one_o to_o affect_v our_o eye_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o to_o produce_v in_o we_o that_o idea_n we_o call_v yellow_a and_o the_o other_o to_o force_v upward_o any_o other_o body_n of_o equal_a bulk_n they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o pair_n of_o equal_a scale_n one_o against_o another_o another_o perhaps_o add_v to_o these_o the_o idea_n of_o fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n two_o other_o passive_a power_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o fire_n upon_o it_o another_o its_o ductility_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n two_o other_o power_n relate_v to_o the_o operation_n of_o other_o body_n in_o change_v its_o outward_a figure_n or_o separation_n of_o it_o into_o sensible_a part_n these_o or_o part_n of_o these_o put_v together_o usual_o make_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o man_n mind_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o body_n we_o call_v gold_n §_o 10._o but_o no_o one_o who_o have_v consider_v the_o property_n of_o body_n in_o general_a or_o this_o sort_n in_o particular_a can_v doubt_v that_o this_o call_v gold_n have_v infinite_a other_o property_n not_o contain_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n some_o who_o have_v examine_v this_o species_n more_o accurate_o can_v i_o believe_v enumerate_v ten_o time_n as_o many_o property_n in_o gold_n all_o of_o they_o as_o inseparable_a from_o its_o internal_a constitution_n as_o its_o colour_n or_o weight_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a if_o any_o one_o know_v all_o the_o property_n that_o be_v by_o divers_a man_n know_v of_o this_o metal_n there_o will_v a_o hundred_o time_n as_o many_o idea_n go_v to_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n as_o any_o one_o man_n yet_o have_v in_o he_o and_o yet_o that_o not_o perhaps_o be_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v discover_v in_o it_o the_o change_n that_o that_o one_o body_n be_v apt_a to_o receive_v and_o make_v in_o other_o body_n upon_o a_o due_a application_n exceed_v far_o not_o only_o what_o we_o know_v but_o what_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v which_o will_v
not_o appear_v so_o much_o a_o paradox_n to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o consider_v how_o far_o man_n be_v yet_o from_o know_v all_o the_o property_n of_o that_o one_o no_o very_a compound_n figure_n a_o triangle_n though_o it_o be_v no_o small_a number_n that_o be_v already_o by_o mathematician_n discover_v of_o it_o §_o 11._o so_o that_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v imperfect_a and_o inadequate_a which_o will_v be_v so_o also_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n if_o we_o be_v to_o have_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o they_o only_o by_o collect_v their_o property_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o figure_n how_o uncertain_a and_o imperfect_a will_v our_o idea_n be_v of_o a_o elypsis_n if_o we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o it_o but_o some_o few_o of_o its_o property_n whereas_o have_v in_o our_o plain_a idea_n the_o whole_a essence_n of_o that_o figure_n we_o from_o thence_o discover_v those_o property_n and_o demonstrative_o see_v how_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o §_o 12._o thus_o the_o mind_n have_v three_o sort_n of_o abstract_n idea_n or_o nominal_a essence_n first_o simple_z idea_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o copy_n but_o yet_o certain_o adequate_a because_o be_v intend_v to_o express_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n in_o thing_n to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o a_o sensation_n that_o sensation_n when_o it_o be_v produce_v can_v but_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o power_n so_o the_o paper_n i_o write_v on_o have_v the_o power_n in_o the_o light_n i_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o light_n to_o produce_v in_o i_o the_o sensation_n which_o i_o call_v white_a it_o can_v but_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n in_o something_o without_o the_o mind_n since_o the_o mind_n have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o such_o idea_n in_o its_o self_n and_o be_v mean_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n that_o simple_a idea_n be_v real_a and_o adequate_a the_o sensation_n of_o white_a in_o my_o mind_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o the_o paper_n to_o produce_v it_o be_v perfect_o adequate_a to_o that_o power_n or_o else_o that_o power_n will_v produce_v a_o different_a idea_n second_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v ectype_n copy_n too_o but_o not_o perfect_a one_o not_o adequate_a which_o be_v very_o evident_a to_o the_o mind_n in_o that_o it_o plain_o perceive_v that_o whatever_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n it_o make_v of_o any_o substance_n that_o exist_v it_o can_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o exact_o answer_v all_o that_o be_v in_o that_o substance_n since_o not_o have_v try_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o all_o other_o substance_n upon_o it_o and_o find_v all_o the_o alteration_n it_o will_v receive_v from_o or_o cause_n in_o other_o substance_n it_o can_v have_v a_o exact_a adequate_a collection_n of_o all_o its_o active_a and_o passive_a capacity_n and_o so_o not_o have_v a_o adequate_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o substance_n exist_v and_o its_o relation_n which_o be_v that_o sort_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n we_o have_v and_o after_o all_o if_o we_o can_v have_v and_o actual_o have_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n a_o exact_a collection_n of_o all_o the_o secundary_a quality_n or_o power_n of_o any_o substance_n we_o shall_v not_o yet_o thereby_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o that_o thing_n for_o since_o the_o power_n or_o quality_n that_o be_v observable_a by_o we_o be_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o substance_n but_o depend_v on_o it_o and_o flow_v from_o it_o any_o collection_n whatsoever_o of_o these_o quality_n can_v be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o adequate_a be_v not_o what_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o to_o be_v beside_o a_o man_n have_v no_o idea_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n nor_o know_v what_o substance_n be_v in_o itself_o §_o 14._o three_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n be_v original_n and_o archetype_n be_v not_o copy_n nor_o make_v after_o the_o pattern_n of_o any_o real_a existence_n to_o which_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o to_o be_v conformable_a and_o exact_o to_o answer_v these_o be_v such_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o the_o mind_n itself_o put_v together_o and_o such_o collection_n that_o each_o of_o they_o contain_v in_o it_o precise_o all_o that_o the_o mind_n intend_v it_o shall_v they_o be_v archetype_n and_o essence_n of_o modes_n that_o may_v exist_v and_o so_o be_v design_v only_o for_o and_o belong_v only_o to_o such_o modes_n as_o when_o they_o do_v exist_v have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o idea_n therefore_o of_o modes_n and_o relation_n can_v but_o be_v adequate_a chap._n xxxi_o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n §_o 1._o though_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n belong_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n only_o to_o proposition_n yet_o idea_n be_v oftentimes_o term_v true_a or_o false_a as_o what_o word_n be_v there_o that_o be_v not_o use_v with_o great_a latitude_n and_o with_o some_o deviation_n from_o their_o strict_a and_o proper_a signification_n though_o i_o think_v that_o when_o idea_n themselves_o be_v term_v true_a or_o false_a there_o be_v still_o some_o secret_a or_o tacit_n proposition_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o denomination_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v if_o we_o examine_v the_o particular_a occasion_n wherein_o they_o come_v to_o be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a in_o all_o which_o we_o shall_v find_v some_o kind_n of_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o denomination_n for_o our_o idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a appearance_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o mind_n can_v proper_o and_o simple_o in_o themselves_o be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a no_o more_o than_o a_o single_a name_n of_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a §_o 2._o indeed_o both_o idea_n and_o word_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a in_o a_o metaphysical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n truth_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o any_o way_n exist_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a i._n e._n real_o to_o be_v such_o as_o they_o exist_v though_o in_o thing_n call_v true_a even_o in_o that_o sense_n there_o be_v perhaps_o a_o secret_a reference_n to_o our_o idea_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o standard_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o mental_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v usual_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o §_o 3._o but_o it_o be_v not_o in_o that_o metaphysical_a sense_n of_o truth_n which_o we_o inquire_v here_o when_o we_o examine_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v true_a or_o false_a but_o in_o the_o more_o ordinary_a acceptation_n of_o those_o word_n and_o so_o i_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v only_o so_o many_o perception_n or_o appearance_n there_o none_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o idea_n of_o a_o centaur_n have_v no_o more_o falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o appear_v in_o our_o mind_n than_o the_o name_n centaur_n have_v falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o be_v pronounce_v by_o our_o mouth_n or_o write_v on_o paper_n for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n lie_v always_o in_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n mental_a or_o verbal_a our_o idea_n be_v not_o capable_a any_o of_o they_o of_o be_v false_a till_o the_o mind_n pass_v some_o judgement_n on_o they_o that_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v something_o of_o they_o §_o 4._o when_o ever_o the_o mind_n refer_v any_o of_o its_o idea_n to_o any_o thing_n extraneous_a to_o they_o they_o be_v then_o capable_a to_o be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a because_o the_o mind_n in_o such_o a_o reference_n make_v a_o tacit_n supposition_n of_o their_o conformity_n to_o that_o thing_n which_o supposition_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a so_o the_o idea_n themselves_o come_v to_o be_v denominate_v the_o most_o usual_a case_n wherein_o this_o happen_v be_v these_o follow_v §_o 5._o first_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n it_o have_v conformable_a to_o that_o in_o other_o man_n mind_n call_v by_o the_o same_o common_a name_n v_o g._n when_o the_o mind_n intend_v or_o judge_n its_o idea_n of_o justice_n temperance_n religion_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o other_o man_n give_v those_o name_n to_o second_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n it_o have_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v conformable_a to_o some_o real_a existence_n thus_o the_o two_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n and_o a_o centaur_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o real_a substance_n be_v the_o one_o true_a and_o the_o other_o false_a the_o one_o have_v
a_o conformity_n to_o what_o have_v real_o exi_v the_o other_o not_o three_o when_o the_o mind_n refer_v any_o of_o its_o idea_n to_o that_o real_a constitution_n and_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n whereon_o all_o its_o property_n depend_v and_o thus_o the_o great_a part_n if_o not_o all_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v false_a §_o 6._o these_o supposition_n the_o mind_n be_v very_o apt_a tacit_o to_o make_v concern_v its_o own_o idea_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v examine_v it_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o concern_v its_o abstract_n complex_fw-la idea_n for_o the_o natural_a tendency_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v towards_o knowledge_n and_o find_v if_o it_o shall_v proceed_v by_o and_o dwell_v upon_o only_o particular_a thing_n its_o progress_n will_v be_v very_o slow_a and_o its_o work_n endless_a therefore_o to_o shorten_v its_o way_n to_o knowledge_n and_o make_v each_o perception_n the_o more_o comprehensive_a the_o first_o thing_n it_o do_v as_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o easy_a enlarge_n be_v knowledge_n either_o by_o contemplation_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o that_o it_o will_v know_v or_o conference_n with_o other_o about_o they_o be_v to_o bind_v they_o into_o bundle_n and_o rank_v they_o so_o into_o sort_n that_o what_o knowledge_n it_o get_v of_o any_o of_o they_o it_o may_v thereby_o with_o assurance_n extend_v to_o all_o of_o that_o sort_n and_o so_o advance_v by_o large_a step_n in_o that_o which_o be_v its_o great_a business_n knowledge_n this_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o collect_v thing_n under_o comprehensive_a idea_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o into_o genera_n and_o species_n i._n e._n into_o kind_n and_o sort_n §_o 7._o if_o therefore_o we_o will_v wary_o attend_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o observe_v what_o couse_n it_o usual_o take_v in_o its_o way_n to_o knowledge_n we_o shall_v i_o think_v find_v that_o the_o mind_n have_v get_v any_o idea_n which_o it_o think_v it_o may_v have_v use_n of_o either_o in_o contemplation_n or_o discourse_n the_o first_o thing_n it_o do_v be_v to_o abstract_n it_o and_o then_o get_v a_o name_n to_o it_o and_o so_o lie_v it_o up_o in_o its_o storehouse_n the_o memory_n as_o contain_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o thing_n of_o which_o that_o name_n be_v always_o to_o be_v the_o mark._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o may_v often_o observe_v that_o when_o any_o one_o see_v a_o new_a thing_n of_o a_o kind_n that_o he_o know_v not_o he_o present_o ask_v what_o it_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o enquiry_n nothing_o but_o the_o name_n as_o if_o the_o name_v carry_v with_o it_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o species_n or_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o whereof_o it_o be_v indeed_o use_v as_o the_o mark_n and_o be_v general_o suppose_v annex_v to_o it_o §_o 8._o but_o this_o abstract_n idea_n be_v something_o in_o the_o mind_n between_o the_o thing_n that_o exist_v and_o the_o name_n that_o be_v give_v to_o it_o it_o be_v in_o our_o idea_n that_o both_o the_o rightness_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o propriety_n or_o intelligibleness_n of_o our_o speak_v consist_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o man_n be_v so_o forward_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o abstract_n idea_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mind_n be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n exist_v without_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v and_o be_v the_o same_o also_o to_o which_o the_o name_n they_o give_v they_o do_v by_o the_o use_n and_o propriety_n of_o that_o language_n belong_v for_o without_o this_o double_a conformity_n of_o their_o idea_n they_o find_v they_o shall_v both_o think_v amiss_o of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o and_o talk_v of_o they_o unintelligible_o to_o other_o §_o 9_o first_o then_o i_o say_v that_o when_o the_o truth_n of_o our_o idea_n be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o conformity_n they_o have_v to_o the_o idea_n which_o other_o man_n have_v and_o common_o signify_v by_o the_o same_o name_n they_o may_v be_v any_o of_o they_o false_a but_o yet_o simple_a idea_n be_v least_o of_o all_o liable_a to_o be_v so_o mistake_v because_o a_o man_n by_o his_o sense_n and_o every_o day_n be_v observation_n may_v easy_o satisfy_v himself_o what_o the_o simple_a idea_n be_v which_o their_o several_a name_n that_o be_v in_o common_a use_n stand_v for_o they_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n and_o such_o as_o if_o he_o doubt_v or_o mistake_v in_o he_o may_v easy_o rectify_v by_o the_o object_n they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o therefore_o it_o be_v seldom_o that_o any_o one_o mistake_n in_o his_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n or_o apply_v the_o name_n red_a to_o the_o idea_n of_o green_n or_o the_o name_n sweet_a to_o the_o idea_n bitter_a much_o less_o be_v man_n apt_a to_o confound_v the_o name_n belong_v to_o different_a sense_n and_o call_v a_o colour_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o taste_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o simple_a idea_n they_o call_v by_o any_o name_n be_v common_o the_o same_o that_o other_o have_v and_o mean_v when_o they_o use_v the_o same_o name_n §_o 10._o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v much_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v false_a in_o this_o respect_n and_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n much_o more_o than_o those_o of_o substance_n because_o in_o substance_n especial_o those_o which_o the_o common_a and_o unborrowed_a name_n of_o any_o language_n be_v apply_v to_o some_o remarkable_a sensible_a quality_n serve_v ordinary_o to_o distinguish_v one_o sort_n from_o another_o easy_o preserve_v those_o who_o take_v any_o care_n in_o the_o use_n of_o their_o word_n from_o apply_v they_o to_o sort_n of_o substance_n to_o which_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o belong_v but_o in_o mix_a modes_n we_o be_v much_o more_o uncertain_a it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o determine_v of_o several_a action_n whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v call_v justice_n or_o cruelty_n liberality_n or_o prodigality_n and_o so_o in_o refer_v our_o idea_n to_o those_o of_o other_o man_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n we_o may_v be_v false_a and_o our_o idea_n we_o call_v justice_n may_v perhaps_o be_v that_o which_o ought_v to_o have_v another_o name_n §_o 11._o but_o whether_o or_o no_o our_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v more_o liable_a than_o any_o sort_n to_o be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o other_o man_n which_o be_v mark_v by_o the_o same_o name_n this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o sort_n of_o falsehood_n be_v much_o more_o familiar_o attribute_v to_o our_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n than_o to_o any_o other_o when_o a_o man_n be_v think_v to_o have_v a_o false_a idea_n of_o justice_n or_o gratitude_n or_o glory_n it_o be_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o that_o his_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o idea_n which_o each_o of_o those_o name_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o in_o other_o men._n the_o reason_n whereof_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v man_n voluntary_a combination_n of_o such_o a_o precise_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o so_o the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n be_v make_v by_o man_n alone_o whereof_o we_o have_v no_o other_o sensible_a standard_n exist_v any_o where_o but_o the_o name_n itself_o or_o the_o definition_n of_o that_o name_n we_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o refer_v these_o our_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n to_o as_o standard_n to_o which_o we_o will_v conform_v they_o but_o the_o idea_n of_o those_o who_o be_v think_v to_o use_v those_o name_n in_o their_o most_o proper_a signification_n and_o so_o as_o our_o idea_n conform_v or_o differ_v from_o they_o they_o pass_v for_o true_a or_o false_a and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n of_o our_o idea_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o name_n §_o 13._o second_o as_o to_o the_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n of_o our_o idea_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n when_o that_o be_v make_v the_o standard_n of_o their_o truth_n none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v term_v false_a but_o only_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n §_o 14._o first_o our_o simple_a idea_n be_v bare_o such_o perception_n as_o god_n have_v fit_v we_o to_o receive_v and_o give_v power_n to_o external_a object_n to_o produce_v in_o we_o by_o establish_a law_n and_o way_n suitable_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n though_o incomprehensible_a to_o we_o their_o truth_n consist_v in_o nothing_o else_o but_o in_o such_o appearance_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o and_o must_v be_v suitable_a to_o those_o power_n he_o have_v place_v in_o external_a object_n or_o else_o they_o can_v not_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o and_o thus_o answer_v those_o power_n they_o be_v what_o
they_o shall_v be_v true_a idea_n nor_o do_v they_o become_v liable_a to_o any_o imputation_n of_o falsehood_n if_o the_o mind_n as_o in_o most_o man_n i_o believe_v it_o do_v judge_v the_o idea_n to_o be_v in_o these_o thing_n themselves_o for_o god_n in_o his_o wisdom_n have_v set_v they_o as_o mark_v of_o distinction_n in_o thing_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o discern_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o and_o so_o choose_v any_o of_o they_o for_o our_o use_n as_o we_o have_v occasion_n it_o alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o simple_a idea_n whether_o we_o think_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n be_v in_o the_o violet_n itself_o or_o in_o our_o mind_n only_o and_o only_o the_o power_n of_o produce_v it_o by_o the_o texture_n of_o its_o part_n reflect_v the_o particle_n of_o light_n after_o a_o certain_a manner_n to_o be_v in_o the_o violet_n itself_o for_o that_o texture_n in_o the_o object_n operate_n regular_o and_o constant_o produce_v the_o same_o idea_n of_o blue_n in_o we_o it_o serve_v we_o to_o distinguish_v by_o our_o eye_n that_o from_o any_o other_o thing_n whether_o that_o distinguish_a mark_n as_o it_o be_v real_o in_o the_o violet_n be_v only_o a_o peculiar_a texture_n of_o part_n or_o else_o that_o very_a colour_n the_o idea_n whereof_o which_o be_v in_o we_o be_v the_o exact_a resemblance_n and_o it_o be_v equal_o from_o that_o appearance_n to_o be_v denominate_v blue_a whether_o it_o be_v that_o real_a colour_n or_o only_o a_o peculiar_a texture_n in_o it_o that_o cause_n in_o we_o that_o idea_n since_o the_o name_n blue_a note_n proper_o nothing_o but_o that_o mark_v of_o distinction_n that_o be_v in_o a_o violet_n discernible_a only_o by_o our_o eye_n whatever_o it_o consist_v in_o that_o be_v beyond_o our_o capacity_n distinct_o to_o know_v and_o perhaps_o will_v be_v of_o less_o use_n to_o we_o if_o we_o have_v faculty_n to_o discern_v §_o 15._o neither_o will_v it_o carry_v any_o imputation_n of_o falsehood_n to_o our_o simple_a idea_n if_o by_o the_o different_a structure_n of_o our_o organ_n it_o be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o same_o object_n shall_v produce_v in_o several_a man_n mind_n different_a idea_n at_o the_o same_o time_n v_o g._n if_o the_o idea_n that_o a_o violet_n produce_v in_o one_o man_n mind_n by_o his_o eye_n be_v the_o same_o that_o a_o marigold_n produce_v in_o another_o man_n and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la for_o since_o this_o can_v never_o be_v know_v because_o one_o man_n mind_n can_v not_o pass_v into_o another_o man_n body_n to_o perceive_v what_o appearance_n be_v produce_v by_o those_o organ_n neither_o the_o idea_n hereby_o nor_o the_o name_n will_v be_v at_o all_o confound_v or_o any_o falsehood_n be_v in_o either_o for_o all_o thing_n that_o have_v the_o texture_n of_o a_o violet_n produce_v constant_o the_o idea_n which_o he_o call_v blue_a and_o those_o which_o have_v the_o texture_n of_o a_o marigold_n produce_v constant_o the_o idea_n which_o he_o as_o constant_o call_v yellow_a whatever_o those_o appearance_n be_v in_o his_o mind_n he_o will_v be_v able_a as_o regular_o to_o distinguish_v thing_n for_o his_o use_n by_o those_o appearance_n and_o understand_v and_o signify_v those_o distinction_n mark_v by_o the_o name_n blue_a and_o yellow_a as_o if_o the_o appearance_n or_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n receive_v from_o those_o two_o flower_n be_v exact_o the_o same_o with_o the_o idea_n in_o other_o man_n mind_n i_o be_o nevertheless_o very_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o the_o sensible_a idea_n produce_v by_o any_o object_n in_o different_a man_n mind_n be_v most_o common_o very_o near_o and_o undiscernable_o alike_o for_o which_o opinion_n i_o think_v there_o may_v be_v many_o reason_n offer_v but_o that_o be_v beside_o my_o present_a business_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o they_o but_o only_o mind_v he_o that_o the_o contrary_a supposition_n if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v be_v of_o little_a use_n either_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o conveniency_n of_o life_n and_o so_o we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o to_o examine_v it_o §_o 16._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v our_o simple_a idea_n i_o think_v it_o evident_a that_o our_o simple_a idea_n can_v none_o of_o they_o be_v false_a in_o respect_n of_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o these_o appearance_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o mind_n consist_v as_o have_v be_v say_v only_o in_o their_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o power_n in_o external_a object_n to_o produce_v by_o our_o sense_n such_o appearance_n in_o we_o and_o each_o of_o they_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o as_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o power_n that_o produce_v it_o and_o which_o alone_o it_o represent_v it_o can_v upon_o that_o account_n or_o as_o refer_v to_o such_o a_o pattern_n be_v false_a blue_a or_o yellow_a bitter_a or_o sweet_a can_v never_o be_v false_a idea_n these_o perception_n in_o the_o mind_n be_v just_o such_o as_o they_o be_v there_o answer_v the_o power_n appoint_v by_o god_n to_o produce_v they_o and_o so_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v and_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v indeed_o the_o name_n may_v be_v misapply_v but_o that_o in_o this_o respect_n make_v no_o falsehood_n in_o the_o idea_n as_o if_o a_o man_n ignorant_a in_o the_o english_a tongue_n shall_v call_v purple_a scarlet_n §_o 17._o second_o nether_a can_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n real_o exist_v be_v false_a because_o whatever_o complex_fw-la idea_n i_o have_v of_o any_o mode_n it_o have_v no_o reference_n to_o any_o pattern_n exist_v and_o make_v by_o nature_n it_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o contain_v in_o it_o any_o other_o idea_n than_o what_o it_o have_v nor_o to_o represent_v any_o thing_n but_o such_o a_o complication_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o do_v thus_o when_o i_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o action_n of_o a_o man_n who_o forbear_v to_o afford_v himself_o such_o meat_n drink_v and_o clothing_n and_o other_o conveniency_n of_o life_n as_o his_o riches_n and_o estate_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v and_o his_o station_n require_v i_o have_v no_o false_a idea_n but_o such_o as_o represent_v a_o action_n either_o as_o i_o find_v or_o imagine_v it_o and_o so_o be_v capable_a of_o neither_o truth_n or_o falshood_n but_o when_o i_o give_v the_o name_n frugality_n or_o virtue_n to_o this_o action_n than_o it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o false_a idea_n if_o thereby_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v with_o that_o idea_n to_o which_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n the_o name_n of_o frugality_n do_v belong_v or_o to_o be_v conformable_a to_o that_o law_n which_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n §_o 18._o three_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v all_o refer_v to_o pattern_n in_o thing_n themselves_o may_v be_v false_a that_o they_o be_v all_o false_a when_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o representation_n of_o the_o unknown_a essence_n of_o thing_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o there_o need_v nothing_o to_o be_v say_v of_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o pass_v over_o that_o chimerical_a supposition_n and_o consider_v they_o as_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n in_o the_o mind_n take_v from_o combination_n of_o simple_a idea_n exist_v together_o constant_o in_o thing_n of_o which_o pattern_n they_o be_v the_o suppose_a copy_n and_o in_o this_o reference_n of_o they_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n they_o be_v false_a idea_n 1._o when_o they_o put_v together_o simple_a idea_n which_o in_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n have_v no_o union_n as_o when_o to_o the_o shape_n and_o size_n that_o exist_v together_o in_o a_o horse_n be_v join_v in_o the_o same_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o power_n of_o bark_v like_o a_o dog_n which_o three_o idea_n however_o put_v together_o into_o one_o in_o the_o mind_n be_v never_o unite_v in_o nature_n and_o this_o therefore_o may_v be_v call_v a_o false_a idea_n of_o a_o horse_n 2._o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v in_o this_o respect_n also_o false_a when_o from_o any_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o do_v always_o exist_v together_o there_o be_v separate_v by_o a_o direct_a negation_n any_o other_o simple_a idea_n which_o be_v constant_o join_v with_o they_o thus_o if_o to_o extension_n solidity_n fusibility_n the_o peculiar_a weightiness_n and_o yellow_a colour_n of_o gold_n any_o one_o join_v in_o his_o thought_n the_o negation_n of_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o fixedness_n than_o be_v in_o lead_n or_o copper_n he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o false_a complex_fw-la idea_n as_o well_o as_o when_o he_o join_v to_o those_o other_o simple_a one_o the_o idea_n of_o perfect_a absolute_a fixedness_n for_o either_o way_n the_o
complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o simple_a one_o as_o have_v no_o union_n in_o nature_n may_v be_v term_v false_a but_o if_o he_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o of_o fixedness_n quite_o without_o either_o actual_o join_v to_o or_o separate_v of_o it_o from_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o mind_n it_o be_v i_o think_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o inadequate_a and_o imperfect_a idea_n rather_o than_o a_o false_a one_o since_o though_o it_o contain_v not_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o nature_n yet_o it_o put_v none_o together_o but_o what_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o §_o 19_o though_o in_o compliance_n with_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v i_o have_v show_v in_o what_o sense_n and_o upon_o what_o ground_n our_o idea_n may_v be_v sometime_o call_v true_a or_o false_a yet_o if_o we_o will_v look_v a_o little_a near_o into_o the_o matter_n in_o all_o case_n where_o any_o idea_n be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a it_o be_v from_o some_o judgement_n that_o the_o mind_n make_v or_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v that_o be_v true_a or_o false_a for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v never_o without_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n express_v or_o tacit_fw-la it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o where_o sign_n be_v join_v or_o separate_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o the_o sign_n we_o chief_o use_v be_v either_o idea_n or_o word_n wherewith_o we_o make_v either_o mental_a or_o verbal_a proposition_n truth_n lie_v in_o so_o join_v or_o separate_v these_o representative_n as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o do_v in_o themselves_o agree_v or_o disagree_v and_o falsehood_n in_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v more_o full_o show_v hereafter_o §_o 20._o any_o idea_n than_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n whether_o conformable_a or_o not_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n or_o to_o any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o man_n can_v proper_o for_o this_o alone_o be_v call_v false_a for_o these_o representation_n if_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o what_o be_v real_o exist_v in_o thing_n without_o can_v be_v think_v false_a be_v exact_a representation_n of_o something_o nor_o yet_o if_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n can_v they_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v false_a representation_n or_o idea_n of_o thing_n they_o do_v not_o represent_v but_o the_o mistake_n and_o falsehood_n be_v §_o 21._o first_o when_o the_o mind_n have_v any_o idea_n it_o judge_n and_o conclude_v it_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o other_o man_n mind_n signify_v by_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a receive_v signification_n or_o definition_n of_o that_o word_n when_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a mistake_n in_o mix_a modes_n though_o other_o idea_n also_o be_v liable_a to_o it_o §_o 22_o second_o when_o it_o have_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a one_o as_o nature_n never_o put_v together_o it_o judge_v it_o to_o agree_v to_o a_o species_n of_o creature_n real_o exist_v as_o when_o it_o join_v the_o weight_n of_o tin_n to_o the_o colour_n fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n of_o gold_n §_o 23._o three_o when_o in_o its_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o have_v unite_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o creature_n but_o have_v also_o leave_v out_o other_o as_o much_o inseparable_a it_o judge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o perfect_a complete_a idea_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o real_o it_o be_v not_o v._n g._n have_v join_v the_o idea_n of_o substance_n yellow_a malleable_a most_o heavy_a and_o fusible_a it_o take_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o be_v the_o complete_a idea_n of_o gold_n when_o yet_o its_o peculiar_a fixedness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la be_v as_o inseparable_a from_o those_o other_o idea_n or_o quality_n of_o that_o body_n as_o they_o be_v one_o from_o another_o §_o 24._o four_o the_o mistake_n be_v yet_o great_a when_o i_o judge_v that_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o any_o body_n exist_v when_o at_o least_o it_o contain_v but_o some_o few_o of_o those_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o its_o real_a essence_n and_o constitution_n i_o say_v only_o some_o few_o of_o those_o property_n for_o those_o property_n consist_v most_o in_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n it_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o other_o thing_n all_o that_o be_v vulgar_o know_v of_o any_o one_o body_n and_o of_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o thing_n be_v usual_o make_v be_v but_o a_o very_a few_o in_o comparison_n of_o what_o a_o man_n that_o have_v several_a way_n try_v and_o examine_v it_o know_v of_o that_o one_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o all_o that_o the_o most_o expert_a man_n know_v be_v but_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o what_o be_v real_o in_o that_o body_n and_o depend_v on_o its_o internal_a or_o essential_a constitution_n the_o essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n lie_v in_o a_o very_a little_a compass_n consist_v in_o a_o very_a few_o idea_n three_o line_n meet_v at_o three_o angle_n make_v up_o that_o essence_n but_o the_o property_n that_o flow_v from_o this_o essence_n be_v more_o than_o can_v be_v easy_o know_v or_o enumerate_v so_o i_o imagine_v it_o be_v in_o substance_n their_o real_a essence_n lie_v in_o a_o little_a compass_n though_o the_o property_n flow_v from_o that_o internal_a constitution_n be_v endless_a §_o 25._o to_o conclude_v a_o man_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o he_o but_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o in_o his_o mind_n which_o idea_n he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o call_v by_o what_o name_n he_o please_v he_o may_v indeed_o make_v a_o idea_n neither_o answer_v the_o reality_n of_o thing_n nor_o agree_v to_o the_o idea_n common_o signify_v by_o other_o people_n word_n but_o can_v make_v a_o wrong_n or_o false_a idea_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v no_o otherwise_o know_v to_o he_o but_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o v_o g._n when_o i_o frame_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o leg_n arm_n and_o body_n of_o a_o man_n and_o join_v to_o this_o a_o horse_n head_n and_o neck_n i_o do_v not_o make_v a_o false_a idea_n of_o any_o thing_n because_o it_o represent_v nothing_o without_o i_o but_o when_o i_o call_v it_o a_o man_n or_o tartar_n and_o imagine_v it_o either_o to_o represent_v some_o real_a be_v without_o i_o or_o to_o be_v the_o same_o idea_n that_o other_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n i_o may_v err_v and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v term_v a_o false_a idea_n though_o indeed_o the_o falsehood_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o idea_n but_o in_o that_o tacit_n mental_a proposition_n wherein_o a_o conformity_n and_o resemblance_n be_v attribute_v to_o it_o which_o it_o have_v not_o but_o yet_o if_o have_v frame_v such_o a_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n without_o think_v either_o that_o existence_n or_o the_o name_n man_n or_o tartar_n belong_v to_o it_o i_o will_v call_v it_o man_n or_o tartar_n i_o may_v be_v just_o think_v fantastical_a in_o the_o name_v but_o not_o erroneous_a in_o my_o judgement_n nor_o the_o idea_n any_o way_n false_a §_o 26._o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v that_o our_o idea_n as_o they_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o mind_n either_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o their_o name_n or_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v call_v right_a or_o wrong_a idea_n according_a as_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o those_o pattern_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v but_o if_o any_o one_o have_v rather_o call_v they_o true_a or_o false_a it_o be_v fit_a he_o use_v a_o liberty_n which_o every_o one_o have_v to_o call_v thing_n by_o those_o name_n he_o think_v best_o though_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n truth_n or_o falsehood_n will_n i_o think_v scarce_o agree_v to_o they_o but_o as_o they_o some_o way_n or_o other_o virtual_o contain_v in_o they_o some_o mental_a proposition_n the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o a_o man_n mind_n simple_o consider_v can_v be_v wrong_a unless_o complex_fw-la one_o wherein_o inconsistent_a part_n be_v jumble_v together_o all_o other_o idea_n be_v in_o themselves_o right_a and_o the_o knowledge_n about_o they_o right_a and_o true_a knowledge_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o pattern_n and_o archetype_n than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v
wrong_n as_o far_o as_o they_o disagree_v with_o such_o archetype_n §_o 27._o have_v thus_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o original_n sort_n and_o extent_n of_o our_o idea_n with_o several_a other_o consideration_n about_o these_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o may_v say_v instrument_n or_o material_n of_o our_o knowledge_n the_o method_n i_o at_o first_o propose_v to_o myself_o will_v now_o require_v that_o i_o shall_v immediate_o proceed_v to_o show_v what_o use_v the_o understanding_n make_v of_o they_o and_o what_o knowledge_n we_o have_v by_o they_o this_o be_v that_o which_o in_o the_o first_o general_a view_n i_o have_v of_o this_o subject_a be_v all_o that_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v to_o do_v but_o upon_o a_o near_a approach_n i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v so_o close_a a_o connexion_n between_o idea_n and_o word_n and_o our_o abstract_n idea_n and_o general_a word_n have_v so_o constant_a a_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o speak_v clear_o and_o distinct_o of_o our_o knowledge_n which_o all_o consist_v in_o proposition_n without_o consider_v first_o the_o nature_n use_v and_o signification_n of_o language_n which_o therefore_o must_v be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o next_o book_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._o of_o word_n or_o language_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o god_n have_v design_v man_n for_o a_o sociable_a creature_n make_v he_o not_o only_o with_o a_o inclination_n and_o under_o a_o necessity_n to_o have_v fellowship_n with_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n but_o furnish_v he_o also_o with_o language_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o great_a instrument_n and_o common_a tie_n of_o society_n man_n therefore_o have_v by_o nature_n his_o organ_n so_o fashion_v as_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o frame_v articulate_a sound_n which_o we_o call_v word_n but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o produce_v language_n for_o parrot_n and_o several_a other_o bird_n will_v be_v teach_v to_o make_v articulate_a sound_v distinct_a enough_o which_o yet_o by_o no_o mean_n be_v capable_a of_o language_n §_o 2._o beside_o articulate_a sound_n therefore_o it_o be_v far_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o use_v these_o sound_n as_o signs_z of_o internal_a conception_n and_o to_o make_v they_o stand_v as_o mark_n for_o the_o idea_n within_o his_o own_o mind_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o other_o and_o the_o thought_n of_o man_n mind_n be_v convey_v from_o one_o to_o another_o §_o 3._o but_o neither_o be_v this_o sufficient_a to_o make_v word_n so_o useful_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v it_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o the_o perfection_n of_o language_n that_o sound_n can_v be_v make_v sign_n of_o idea_n unless_o those_o sign_n can_v be_v so_o make_v use_n of_o as_o to_o comprehend_v several_a particular_a thing_n for_o the_o multiplication_n of_o word_n will_v have_v perplex_v their_o use_n have_v every_o particular_a thing_n need_v of_o a_o distinct_a name_n to_o be_v signify_v by_o §_o 4._o word_n than_o be_v make_v to_o be_v sign_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o be_v general_a or_o particular_a as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v general_a or_o particular_a but_o beside_o these_o name_n which_o stand_v for_o idea_n there_o be_v other_o which_o man_n have_v find_v and_o make_v use_n of_o not_o to_o signify_v any_o idea_n but_o the_o want_n or_o absence_n of_o some_o idea_n simple_a or_o complex_fw-la or_o all_o idea_n together_o such_o as_o be_v the_o latin_a word_n nihil_fw-la and_o in_o english_a ignorance_n and_o burrenness_n all_o which_o negative_a or_o privative_a word_n can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o belong_v to_o or_o signify_v no_o idea_n for_o than_o they_o will_v be_v perfect_o insignificant_a sound_n but_o they_o relate_v to_o positive_a idea_n and_o signify_v their_o absence_n §_o 5._o it_o may_v also_o lead_v we_o a_o little_a towards_o the_o original_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o knowledge_n if_o we_o remark_n how_o great_a a_o dependence_n our_o word_n have_v on_o common_a sensible_a idea_n and_o how_o those_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o stand_v for_o action_n and_o notion_n quite_o remove_v from_o sense_n have_v their_o original_a and_o be_v transfer_v from_o obvious_a sensible_a idea_n v_o g._n to_o imagine_v apprehend_v comprehend_v adhere_v conceive_v instill_v disgust_n disturbance_n tranquillity_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o word_n take_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o sensible_a thing_n and_o apply_v to_o certain_a modes_n of_o think_v spirit_n in_o its_o primary_n signification_n be_v breath_n angel_n a_o messenger_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o we_o can_v trace_v they_o to_o their_o original_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o all_o language_n the_o name_n which_o stand_v for_o thing_n that_o fall_v not_o under_o our_o sense_n to_o have_v have_v their_o first_o rise_n from_o sensible_a idea_n by_o which_o we_o may_v give_v some_o kind_n of_o guess_n what_o kind_n of_o notion_n they_o be_v and_o whence_o derive_v which_o fill_v their_o mind_n who_o be_v the_o first_o beginner_n of_o language_n and_o how_o nature_n even_o in_o the_o name_n of_o thing_n unaware_o suggest_v to_o man_n the_o original_n and_o principle_n of_o all_o their_o knowledge_n whilst_o to_o give_v name_n that_o may_v make_v know_v to_o other_o any_o operation_n they_o feel_v in_o themselves_o or_o any_o other_o idea_n that_o come_v not_o under_o their_o sense_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o borrow_v word_n from_o ordinary_a know_a idea_n of_o sensation_n by_o that_o mean_n to_o make_v other_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o conceive_v those_o operation_n they_o experiment_v in_o themselves_o which_o make_v no_o outward_a sensible_a appearance_n and_o then_o when_o they_o have_v get_v know_v and_o agree_v name_n to_o signify_v those_o internal_a operation_n of_o their_o own_o mind_n they_o be_v sufficient_o furnish_v to_o make_v know_v by_o word_n all_o their_o other_o idea_n since_o they_o can_v consist_v of_o nothing_o but_o either_o of_o outward_a sensible_a perception_n or_o of_o the_o inward_a operation_n of_o their_o mind_n about_o they_o we_o have_v as_o have_v be_v prove_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o but_o what_o original_o come_v either_o from_o sensible_a object_n without_o or_o what_o we_o feel_v within_o ourselves_o from_o the_o inward_a work_n of_o our_o own_o spirit_n which_o we_o be_v conscious_a to_o ourselves_o of_o within_o §_o 6._o but_o to_o understand_v better_o the_o use_n and_o force_v of_o language_n as_o subservient_fw-fr to_o instruction_n and_o knowledge_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o consider_v first_o to_o what_o it_o be_v that_o name_n in_o the_o use_n of_o language_n be_v immediate_o apply_v second_o since_o all_o except_o proper_a name_n be_v general_a and_o so_o stand_v not_o particular_o for_o this_o or_o that_o single_a thing_n but_o for_o sort_n and_o rank_n of_o thing_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o the_o sort_n and_o kind_n or_o if_o you_o rather_o like_o the_o latin_a name_n what_o the_o species_n and_o genera_n of_o thing_n be_v wherein_o they_o consist_v and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o be_v make_v these_o be_v as_o they_o ought_v well_o look_v into_o we_o shall_v the_o better_o come_v to_o find_v the_o right_a use_n of_o word_n the_o natural_a advantage_n and_o defect_n of_o language_n and_o the_o remedy_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v use_v to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o obscurity_n or_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n without_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o discourse_v with_o any_o clearness_n or_o order_n concern_v knowledge_n which_o be_v conversant_a about_o proposition_n and_o those_o most_o common_o universal_a one_o have_v great_a connexion_n with_o word_n than_o perhaps_o be_v suspect_v these_o consideration_n therefore_o shall_v be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n §_o 1._o man_n though_o he_o have_v great_a variety_n of_o thought_n and_o such_o from_o which_o other_o as_o well_o as_o himself_o may_v receive_v profit_n and_o delight_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o within_o his_o own_o breast_n invisible_a and_o hide_a from_o other_o nor_o can_v of_o themselves_o be_v make_v appear_v the_o comfort_n therefore_o and_o advantage_n of_o society_n not_o be_v to_o be_v have_v without_o communication_n of_o thought_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v find_v out_o some_o external_a sensible_a sign_n whereby_o those_o invisible_a idea_n which_o possess_v his_o mind_n in_o so_o great_a variety_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o other_o for_o which_o purpose_n nothing_o be_v so_o fit_a either_o for_o plenty_n or_o quickness_n as_o those_o articulate_a sound_n which_o with_o so_o much_o ease_n and_o variety_n he_o find_v himself_o able_a to_o make_v thus_o we_o may_v conceive_v how_o word_n which_o be_v by_o nature_n so_o well_o
adapt_v to_o that_o purpose_n come_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o man_n as_o the_o sign_n of_o their_o idea_n not_o by_o any_o natural_a connection_n that_o there_o be_v between_o particular_a articulate_a sound_n and_o certain_a idea_n for_o then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o language_n among_o all_o man_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a imposition_n whereby_o such_o a_o word_n be_v make_v arbitrary_o the_o mark_n of_o such_o a_o idea_n the_o use_n then_o of_o word_n be_v to_o be_v sensible_a mark_n of_o idea_n and_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v their_o proper_a and_o immediate_a signification_n §_o 2._o the_o use_n man_n have_v of_o these_o mark_n be_v either_o to_o record_v their_o own_o idea_n for_o the_o assistence_n of_o their_o own_o memory_n or_o as_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v they_o out_o and_o lay_v they_o before_o the_o view_n of_o other_o word_n in_o their_o primary_n and_o immediate_a signification_n stand_v for_o nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o use_v they_o how_o imperfect_o soever_o or_o careless_o those_o idea_n be_v collect_v from_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o represent_v when_o a_o man_n speak_v to_o another_o it_o be_v that_o he_o may_v be_v understand_v and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o speech_n be_v that_o those_o sound_n as_o mark_n may_v make_v know_v his_o idea_n to_o the_o hearer_n that_o than_o which_o word_n be_v the_o mark_n of_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o the_o speaker_n nor_o can_v any_o one_o apply_v they_o as_o mark_n immediate_o to_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o idea_n that_o he_o himself_o have_v for_o this_o will_v be_v to_o make_v they_o sign_n of_o his_o own_o conception_n and_o yet_o apply_v they_o to_o other_o idea_n which_o will_v be_v to_o make_v they_o sign_n and_o not_o sign_n of_o his_o idea_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n to_o have_v no_o signification_n at_o all_o word_n be_v voluntary_a sign_n they_o can_v be_v voluntary_a sign_n impose_v by_o he_o on_o thing_n he_o know_v not_o that_o will_v be_v to_o make_v they_o sign_n of_o nothing_o sound_v without_o signification_n a_o man_n can_v make_v his_o word_n the_o sign_n either_o of_o quality_n in_o thing_n or_o of_o conception_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o another_o whereof_o he_o have_v none_o in_o his_o own_o till_o he_o have_v some_o idea_n of_o his_o own_o he_o can_v suppose_v they_o to_o correspond_v with_o the_o conception_n of_o another_o man_n nor_o can_v he_o use_v any_o sign_n for_o they_o for_o it_o will_v be_v the_o sign_n of_o he_o know_v not_o what_o which_o be_v in_o truth_n to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o nothing_o but_o when_o he_o represent_v to_o himself_o other_o man_n idea_n by_o some_o of_o his_o own_o if_o he_o consent_v to_o give_v they_o the_o same_o name_n that_o other_o man_n do_v it_o be_v still_o to_o his_o own_o idea_n to_o idea_n that_o he_o have_v and_o not_o to_o idea_n that_o he_o have_v not_o §_o 3._o this_o be_v so_o necessary_a in_o the_o use_n of_o language_n that_o in_o this_o respect_n the_o know_v and_o the_o ignorant_a the_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a use_v the_o word_n they_o speak_v with_o any_o meaning_n all_o alike_o they_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n stand_v for_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v and_o which_o he_o will_v express_v by_o they_o a_o child_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o nothing_o in_o the_o metal_n he_o hear_v call_v gold_n but_o the_o bright_a shine_a yellow-colour_n he_o apply_v the_o word_n gold_n only_o to_o his_o own_o idea_n of_o that_o colour_n and_o nothing_o else_o and_o therefore_o call_v the_o same_o colour_n in_o a_o peacock_n tail_n gold_n another_o that_o have_v better_a observe_v add_v to_o shine_v yellow_a great_a weight_n and_o then_o the_o sound_a gold_n when_o he_o use_v it_o stand_v for_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o shine_a yellow_a and_o very_o weighty_a substance_n another_o add_v to_o those_o quality_n fusibility_n and_o then_o the_o word_n gold_n to_o he_o signify_v a_o body_n bright_a yellow_a fusible_a and_o very_o heavy_a another_o add_v malleability_n each_o of_o these_o use_n equal_o the_o word_n gold_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o express_v the_o idea_n they_o have_v apply_v it_o to_o but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o each_o can_v apply_v it_o only_o to_o his_o own_o idea_n nor_o can_v he_o make_v it_o stand_v as_o a_o sign_n of_o such_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o he_o have_v not_o §_o 4._o but_o though_o word_n as_o they_o be_v use_v by_o man_n can_v proper_o and_o immediate_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o their_o mind_n yet_o they_o in_o their_o thought_n give_v they_o a_o secret_a reference_n to_o two_o other_o thing_n first_o they_o suppose_v their_o word_n to_o be_v mark_n of_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n also_o of_o other_o man_n with_o who_o they_o communicate_v for_o else_o they_o shall_v talk_v in_o vain_a and_o can_v not_o be_v understand_v if_o the_o sound_v they_o apply_v to_o one_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o hearer_n be_v apply_v to_o another_o which_o be_v to_o speak_v two_o language_n but_o in_o this_o man_n stand_v not_o usual_o to_o examine_v whether_o the_o idea_n they_o and_o he_o they_o discourse_n with_o be_v the_o same_o but_o think_v it_o enough_o that_o they_o use_v the_o word_n as_o they_o imagine_v in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o that_o language_n in_o which_o case_n they_o suppose_v that_o the_o idea_n they_o make_v it_o a_o sign_n of_o be_v precise_o the_o same_o to_o which_o the_o understanding_n man_n of_o that_o country_n apply_v that_o name_n §_o 5._o second_o because_o man_n will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o talk_v bare_o of_o their_o own_o imagination_n but_o of_o thing_n as_o real_o they_o be_v therefore_o they_o often_o suppose_v their_o word_n to_o stand_v also_o for_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n but_o this_o relate_n more_o particular_o to_o substance_n and_o their_o name_n as_o perhaps_o the_o former_a do_v to_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n we_o shall_v speak_v of_o these_o two_o different_a way_n of_o apply_v word_n more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o substance_n in_o particular_a though_o give_v i_o leave_v here_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o pervert_v the_o use_n of_o word_n and_o bring_v unavoidable_a obscurity_n and_o confusion_n into_o their_o signification_n whenever_o we_o make_v they_o stand_v for_o any_o thing_n but_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v in_o our_o own_o mind_n §_o 6._o concern_v word_n also_o this_o be_v far_a to_o be_v consider_v first_o that_o they_o be_v immediate_o the_o sign_n of_o man_n idea_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o instrument_n whereby_o man_n communicate_v their_o conception_n and_o express_v to_o one_o another_o those_o thought_n and_o imagination_n they_o have_v within_o their_o own_o breast_n there_o come_v by_o constant_a use_n to_o be_v such_o a_o connexion_n between_o certain_a sound_n and_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o that_o the_o name_n hear_v almost_o as_o ready_o excite_v certain_a idea_n as_o if_o the_o object_n themselves_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o produce_v they_o do_v actual_o affect_v the_o sense_n which_o be_v manifest_o so_o in_o all_o obvious_a sensible_a quality_n and_o in_o all_o substance_n that_o frequent_o and_o familiar_o occur_v to_o we_o §_o 7._o second_o that_o though_o the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a signification_n of_o word_n be_v idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n yet_o because_o by_o familiar_a use_n from_o our_o cradle_n we_o come_v to_o learn_v certain_a articulate_a sound_n very_o perfect_o and_o have_v they_o ready_o on_o our_o tongue_n and_o memory_n but_o yet_o be_v not_o always_o careful_a to_o examine_v or_o settle_v their_o signification_n perfect_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o man_n even_o when_o they_o will_v apply_v themselves_o to_o a_o attentive_a consideration_n do_v set_v their_o thought_n more_o on_o word_n than_o thing_n nay_o because_o word_n be_v many_o of_o they_o learn_v before_o the_o idea_n be_v know_v for_o which_o they_o stand_v therefore_o some_o not_o only_o child_n but_o man_n speak_v several_a word_n no_o otherwise_o than_o parrot_n do_v only_o because_o they_o have_v learn_v they_o and_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o those_o sound_n but_o so_o far_o as_o word_n be_v of_o use_n and_o signification_n so_o far_o be_v there_o a_o constant_a connexion_n between_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o idea_n and_o a_o designation_n that_o the_o one_o stand_v for_o the_o other_o without_o which_o application_n of_o they_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o so_o much_o insignificant_a noise_n §_o 8._o word_n by_o long_a and_o familiar_a use_n as_o have_v be_v say_v come_v to_o excite_v in_o
child_n use_v determine_v themselves_o to_o those_o person_n afterward_o when_o time_n and_o a_o large_a acquaintance_n have_v make_v they_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n that_o in_o some_o common_a agreement_n of_o shape_n and_o several_a other_o quality_n resemble_v their_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o those_o person_n they_o have_v be_v use_v to_o they_o frame_v a_o idea_n which_o they_o find_v those_o many_o particular_n do_v partake_v in_o and_o to_o that_o they_o give_v with_o other_o the_o name_n man_n for_o example_n and_o thus_o they_o come_v to_o have_v a_o general_a name_n and_o a_o general_a idea_n wherein_o they_o make_v nothing_o new_a but_o only_o leave_v out_o of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n they_o have_v of_o peteâ—_n and_o james_n mary_n and_o jane_n that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o each_o and_o retain_v only_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o all_o §_o 8._o by_o the_o same_o way_n that_o they_o come_v by_o the_o general_a name_n and_o idea_n of_o man_n they_o easy_o advance_v to_o more_o general_a name_n and_o notion_n for_o observe_v that_o several_a thing_n that_o differ_v from_o their_o idea_n of_o man_n and_o can_v therefore_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o name_n have_v yet_o certain_a quality_n wherein_o they_o agree_v with_o man_n by_o retain_v only_o those_o quality_n and_o unite_n they_o into_o one_o idea_n they_o have_v again_o another_o and_o a_o more_o general_a idea_n to_o which_o have_v give_v a_o name_n they_o make_v a_o term_n of_o a_o more_o comprehensive_a extension_n which_o new_a idea_n be_v make_v not_o by_o any_o new_a addition_n but_o only_o as_o before_o by_o leave_v out_o the_o shape_n and_o some_o other_o property_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n man_n and_o retain_v only_o a_o body_n with_o life_n sense_n and_o spontaneous_a motion_n comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n animal_n §_o 9_o that_o this_o be_v the_o way_n whereby_o man_n first_o form_v general_a idea_n and_o general_a name_n to_o they_o i_o think_v be_v so_o evident_a that_o there_o need_v no_o other_o proof_n of_o it_o but_o the_o consider_v of_o a_o man_n self_n or_o other_o and_o the_o ordinary_a proceed_n of_o their_o mind_n in_o knowledge_n and_o he_o that_o think_v general_a nature_n or_o notion_n be_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o such_o abstract_n and_o partial_a idea_n of_o more_o complex_fw-la one_o take_v at_o first_o from_o particular_a existence_n will_n i_o fear_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n where_o to_o find_v they_o for_o let_v any_o one_o reflect_v wherein_o do_v his_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o peter_n and_o paul_n or_o his_o idea_n of_o a_o horse_n from_o that_o of_o bucephalus_n but_o in_o the_o leave_v out_o something_o that_o be_v peculiar_a to_o each_o individual_a and_o retain_v so_o much_o of_o those_o particular_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o several_a particular_a existence_n as_o they_o be_v find_v to_o agree_v in_o of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n man_n and_o horse_n leave_v out_o but_o those_o particular_n wherein_o they_o differ_v and_o retain_v only_o those_o wherein_n they_o agree_v and_o of_o those_o make_v a_o new_a distinct_a complex_fw-la idea_n and_o give_v the_o name_n animal_n to_o it_o one_o have_v a_o more_o general_a term_n that_o comprehend_v with_o man_n several_z other_z creature_n leave_v out_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n sense_n and_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o the_o remain_a complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o the_o remain_a simple_a one_o of_o body_n life_n and_o nourishment_n become_v a_o more_o general_a one_o under_o the_o more_o comprehensive_a term_n vivens_fw-la and_o not_o to_o dwell_v long_o upon_o this_o particular_a so_o evident_a in_o itself_o by_o the_o same_o way_n the_o mind_n proceed_v to_o body_n substance_n and_o at_o last_o to_o be_v thing_n and_o such_o universal_a term_n which_o stand_v for_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n whatsoever_o to_o conclude_v this_o whole_a mystery_n of_o genera_n and_o species_n which_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o school_n and_o be_v with_o justice_z so_o little_o regard_v out_o of_o they_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o abstract_a idea_n more_o or_o less_o comprehensive_a with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o in_o all_o which_o this_o be_v constant_a and_o unvariable_a that_o every_o more_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o such_o a_o idea_n as_o be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o any_o of_o those_o contain_v under_o it_o §_o 10._o this_o may_v show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o define_n of_o word_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o declare_v their_o signification_n we_o make_v use_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o next_o general_a word_n that_o comprehend_v it_o which_o be_v not_o out_o of_o necessity_n but_o only_o to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o enumerate_v the_o several_a simple_a idea_n which_o the_o next_o general_a word_n or_o genus_fw-la stand_v for_o or_o perhaps_o sometime_o the_o shame_n of_o not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o but_o though_o define_v by_o genus_fw-la and_o differentia_fw-la i_o crave_v leave_n to_o use_v these_o term_n of_o art_n though_o original_o latin_a since_o they_o most_o proper_o suit_v those_o notion_n they_o be_v apply_v to_o i_o say_v though_o define_v by_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v the_o short_a way_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o best_a this_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v not_o the_o only_a and_o so_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o definition_n be_v nothing_o but_o make_v another_o understand_v by_o word_n what_o idea_n the_o term_n definedâ—_n stand_v for_o a_o definition_n be_v best_a make_v by_o enumerate_v those_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v combine_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o term_n define_v and_o if_o instead_o of_o such_o a_o enumeration_n man_n have_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o use_v the_o next_o general_a term_n it_o have_v not_o be_v out_o of_o necessity_n or_o for_o great_a clearness_n but_o for_o quickness_n and_o dispatch_n sake_n for_o i_o think_v that_o to_o one_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o idea_n the_o word_n man_n stand_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o a_o man_n be_v a_o solid_a extend_a substance_n have_v life_n sense_n spontaneous_a motion_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o term_n man_n will_v be_v as_o well_o understand_v and_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o be_v at_o least_o as_o clear_o make_v know_v as_o when_o it_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o rational_a animal_n which_o by_o the_o several_a definition_n of_o animal_n vivens_fw-la and_o corpus_n resolve_v itself_o into_o those_o enumerated_a idea_n i_o have_v in_o explain_v the_o term_n man_n followed_z here_o the_o ordinary_a definition_n of_o the_o school_n which_o though_o perhaps_o not_o the_o most_o exact_a yet_o serve_v well_o enough_o to_o my_o present_a purpose_n and_o one_o may_v in_o this_o instance_n see_v what_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o rule_n that_o a_o definition_n must_v consist_v of_o its_o genus_fw-la and_o differentia_fw-la and_o it_o suffice_v to_o show_v we_o the_o little_a necessity_n there_o be_v of_o such_o a_o rule_n or_o advantage_n in_o the_o strict_a observe_v of_o it_o for_o definition_n as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v only_o the_o explain_n of_o one_o word_n by_o several_a other_o so_o that_o the_o meaning_n or_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o may_v be_v certain_o know_v language_n be_v not_o always_o so_o make_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o logic_n that_o every_o term_n can_v have_v its_o signification_n exact_o and_o clear_o express_v by_o two_o other_o experience_v sufficient_o satisfy_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a or_o else_o those_o who_o have_v make_v this_o rule_n have_v do_v ill_o that_o they_o have_v give_v we_o so_o few_o definition_n conformable_a to_o it_o but_o of_o definition_n more_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n §_o 11._o to_o return_v to_o general_a word_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o general_n and_o universal_a belong_v not_o to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n but_o be_v the_o invention_n and_o creature_n of_o the_o understanding_n make_v by_o it_o for_o its_o own_o use_n and_o concern_v only_a sign_n whether_o word_n or_o idea_n word_n be_v general_a as_o have_v be_v say_v when_o use_v for_o sign_n of_o general_a idea_n and_o so_o be_v applicable_a indifferent_o to_o many_o particular_a thing_n and_o idea_n be_v general_a when_o they_o be_v set_v up_o as_o the_o representative_n of_o many_o particular_a thing_n but_o universality_n belong_v not_o to_o thing_n themselves_o which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o particular_a in_o their_o existence_n even_o those_o word_n and_o idea_n which_o in_o their_o signification_n be_v general_a when_o therefore_o we_o quit_v particular_n the_o general_n that_o rest_n be_v only_a
creature_n of_o our_o own_o make_n their_o general_a nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o capacity_n they_o be_v put_v into_o by_o the_o understanding_n of_o signify_v or_o represent_v many_o particular_n for_o the_o signification_n they_o have_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o relation_n that_o by_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v add_v to_o they_o §_o 12._o the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o to_o be_v consider_v be_v what_o kind_n of_o signification_n it_o be_v that_o general_a word_n have_v for_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o do_v not_o signify_v bare_o one_o particular_a thing_n for_o than_o they_o will_v not_o be_v general_a term_n but_o proper_a name_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n â—is_n as_o evident_a they_o do_v not_o signify_v a_o plurality_n for_o man_n and_o man_n will_v then_o signify_v the_o same_o and_o the_o distinction_n of_o number_n as_o grammarian_n call_v they_o will_v be_v superfluous_a and_o useless_a that_o than_o which_o general_a word_n signify_v be_v a_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o that_o each_o of_o they_o do_v by_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o abstract_n idea_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o which_o idea_n as_o thing_n exist_v be_v find_v to_o agree_v so_o they_o come_v to_o be_v rank_v under_o that_o name_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o be_v of_o that_o sort_n whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o sort_n or_o if_o the_o latin_a word_n please_v better_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o these_o abstract_n idea_n for_o the_o have_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o species_n be_v that_o which_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o the_o conformity_n to_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o the_o name_n be_v annex_v be_v that_o which_o give_v a_o right_a to_o that_o name_n the_o have_v the_o essence_n and_o the_o have_v that_o conformity_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n since_o to_o be_v of_o any_o species_n and_o to_o have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o name_n of_o that_o species_n be_v all_o one_o as_o for_o example_n to_o be_v a_o man_n or_o of_o the_o species_n man_n and_o to_o have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o name_n man_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n again_o to_o be_v a_o man_n or_o of_o the_o species_n man_n and_o have_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o man_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n now_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v a_o man_n or_o have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o name_n man_n but_o what_o have_v a_o conformity_n to_o the_o abstract_n idea_n the_o name_n man_n stand_v for_o nor_o any_o thing_n be_v a_o man_n or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v of_o the_o species_n man_n but_o what_o have_v the_o essence_n of_o that_o species_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o abstract_a idea_n for_o which_o the_o name_n stand_v and_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o consequent_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n since_o it_o be_v the_o understanding_n that_o abstract_n and_o make_v those_o general_a idea_n §_o 13._o i_o will_v not_o here_o be_v think_v to_o forget_v much_o less_o to_o deny_v that_o nature_n in_o the_o production_n of_o thing_n make_v several_a of_o they_o alike_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o obvious_a especial_o in_o the_o race_n of_o animal_n and_o all_o thing_n propagate_v by_o seed_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v we_o may_v say_v the_o sort_n of_o they_o under_o name_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n take_v occasion_n from_o the_o similitude_n it_o observe_v among_o they_o to_o make_v abstract_n general_a idea_n and_o set_v they_o up_o in_o the_o mind_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o as_o pattern_n or_o form_n for_o in_o that_o sense_n the_o word_n form_n have_v a_o very_a proper_a signification_n to_o which_o as_o particular_a thing_n exist_v be_v find_v to_o agree_v so_o they_o come_v to_o be_v of_o that_o species_n have_v that_o denomination_n or_o be_v put_v into_o that_o classis_fw-la for_o when_o we_o say_v this_o be_v a_o man_n that_o a_o horse_n this_o justice_n that_o cruelty_n this_o a_o watch_n that_o a_o jack_n what_o do_v we_o else_o but_o rank_a thing_n under_o different_a specific_a name_n as_o agree_v to_o those_o abstract_n idea_n of_o which_o we_o have_v make_v those_o name_n the_o sign_n and_o what_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o those_o species_n set_v out_o and_o mark_v by_o name_n but_o these_o abstract_n idea_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o bond_n between_o particular_a thing_n that_o exist_v and_o the_o name_n they_o be_v to_o be_v rank_v under_o and_o when_o general_a name_n have_v any_o connexion_n with_o particular_a being_n these_o abstract_a idea_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la that_o unite_v they_o so_o that_o the_o essence_n of_o species_n as_o distinguish_v and_o denominate_v by_o we_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n but_o those_o precise_a abstract_n idea_n we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o therefore_o the_o suppose_a real_a essence_n of_o substance_n if_o different_a from_o our_o abstract_n idea_n can_v be_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n we_o rank_v thing_n into_o for_o two_o species_n may_v be_v one_o as_o rational_o as_o two_o different_a essence_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o one_o species_n and_o i_o demand_v what_o be_v the_o alteration_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v make_v in_o a_o horse_n or_o lead_v without_o make_v either_o of_o they_o to_o be_v of_o another_o species_n by_o determine_v the_o species_n of_o thing_n by_o our_o abstract_n idea_n this_o be_v easy_a to_o resolve_v but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v regulate_v himself_o herein_o by_o suppose_a real_a essence_n he_o will_v i_o suppose_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n and_o he_o will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o know_v when_o any_o thing_n precise_o cease_v to_o be_v of_o the_o species_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o lead_v §_o 14._o nor_o will_v any_o one_o wonder_n that_o i_o say_v these_o essence_n or_o abstract_a idea_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o name_n and_o the_o boundary_n of_o species_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n who_o consider_v that_o at_o least_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v often_o in_o several_a man_n different_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o therefore_o that_o be_v covetousness_n to_o one_o man_n which_o be_v not_o so_o to_o another_o nay_o even_o in_o substance_n where_o their_o abstract_n idea_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o they_o be_v not_o constant_o the_o same_o no_o not_o in_o that_o species_n which_o be_v most_o familiar_a to_o we_o and_o with_o which_o we_o have_v the_o most_o intimate_a acquaintance_n it_o have_v be_v more_o than_o once_o doubt_v whether_o the_o foetus_fw-la bear_v of_o a_o woman_n be_v a_o man_n even_o so_o far_o as_o that_o it_o have_v be_v debate_v whether_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o to_o be_v nourish_v and_o baptize_v which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o abstract_n idea_n or_o essence_n to_o which_o the_o name_n man_n belong_v be_v of_o nature_n make_v and_o be_v not_o the_o uncertain_a and_o various_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o the_o understanding_n put_v together_o and_o then_o abstract_v it_o affix_v a_o name_n to_o it_o so_o that_o in_o truth_n every_o distinct_a abstract_n idea_n be_v a_o distinct_a essence_n and_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o such_o distinct_a idea_n be_v the_o name_n of_o thing_n essential_o different_a thus_o a_o circle_n be_v as_o essential_o different_a from_o a_o oval_a as_o a_o sheep_n from_o a_o goat_n and_o rain_n be_v as_o essential_o different_a from_o snow_n as_o water_n from_o earth_n that_o abstract_n idea_n which_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o one_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o any_o two_o abstract_a idea_n that_o in_o any_o part_n vary_v one_o from_o another_o with_o two_o distinct_a name_n annex_v to_o they_o constitute_v two_o distinct_a sort_n or_o if_o you_o please_v species_n as_o essential_o different_a as_o any_o two_o the_o most_o remote_a or_o opposite_a in_o the_o world_n §_o 15._o but_o since_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n be_v think_v by_o some_o and_o not_o without_o reason_n to_o be_v whole_o unknown_a it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o consider_v the_o several_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n essence_n first_o essence_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o very_o be_v of_o any_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o thus_o the_o real_a internal_a but_o general_o in_o substance_n unknown_a constitution_n of_o thing_n whereon_o their_o discoverable_a quality_n depend_v may_v be_v call_v their_o essence_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a original_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o be_v evident_a
from_o the_o formation_n of_o it_o essentia_fw-la in_o its_o primary_n notation_n signify_v proper_o be_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v still_o use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o essence_n of_o particular_a thing_n without_o give_v they_o any_o name_n second_o the_o learning_n and_o dispute_n of_o the_o school_n have_v be_v much_o busy_v about_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n the_o word_n essence_n have_v almost_o lose_v its_o primary_n signification_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o thing_n have_v be_v almost_o whole_o apply_v to_o the_o artificial_a constitution_n of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v ordinary_o suppose_v a_o real_a constitution_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n there_o must_v be_v some_o real_a constitution_n on_o which_o any_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n co-existing_a must_v depend_v but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o thing_n be_v rank_v under_o name_n into_o sort_n of_o species_n only_o as_o they_o agree_v to_o certain_a abstract_n idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v those_o name_n the_o essence_n of_o each_o genus_fw-la or_o sort_v come_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o that_o abstract_n idea_n which_o the_o general_n or_o sortal_a if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n so_o to_o call_v it_o from_o sort_n as_o i_o do_v general_n from_o genus_fw-la name_n stand_v for_o and_o this_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v that_o which_o the_o word_n essence_n import_v in_o its_o most_o familiar_a use_n these_o two_o sort_n of_o essence_n i_o suppose_v may_v not_o unfit_o be_v term_v the_o one_o the_o real_a the_o other_o the_o nominal_a essence_n §_o 16._o between_o the_o nominal_a essence_n and_o the_o name_n there_o be_v so_o near_o a_o connexion_n that_o the_o name_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v attribute_v to_o any_o particular_a be_v but_o what_o have_v this_o essence_n whereby_o it_o answer_v that_o abstract_n idea_n whereof_o that_o name_n be_v the_o sign_n §_o 17._o concern_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n to_o mention_v those_o only_a there_o be_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o two_o opinion_n the_o one_o be_v of_o those_o who_o use_v the_o word_n essence_n for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o suppose_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o those_o essence_n according_a to_o which_o all_o natural_a thing_n be_v make_v and_o wherein_o they_o do_v exact_o every_o one_o of_o they_o partake_v and_o â—o_o become_v of_o this_o or_o that_o species_n the_o other_o and_o more_o rational_a opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o look_v on_o all_o natural_a thing_n â—o_o have_v a_o real_a but_o unknown_a constitution_n of_o their_o insensible_a part_n from_o which_o now_o those_o sensible_a quality_n which_o serve_v we_o to_o distinguish_v they_o one_o from_o another_o according_a as_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o rank_v they_o into_o sort_n under_o common_a denomination_n the_o former_a of_o these_o opinion_n which_o suppose_v these_o essence_n as_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o form_n or_o mould_v wherein_o all_o natural_a thing_n that_o exist_v be_v cast_v and_o do_v equal_o partake_v have_v i_o imagine_v very_o much_o perplex_v the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a thing_n the_o frequent_a production_n of_o monster_n in_o all_o the_o species_n of_o animal_n and_o of_o changeling_n and_o other_o strange_a â—ssues_n of_o (null)_o birth_n carry_v with_o they_o difficulty_n not_o possible_a to_o consist_v with_o this_o hypothesisâ—_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o two_o thing_n partake_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o real_a essence_n shall_v have_v different_a property_n as_o that_o two_o figure_n partake_v in_o the_o same_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o circle_n shall_v have_v different_a property_n but_o be_v there_o no_o other_o â—eason_n against_o it_o yet_o the_o supposition_n of_o essence_n that_o can_v be_v know_v and_o yet_o the_o make_v they_o to_o be_v that_o which_o distinguish_v the_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v so_o whole_o useless_a and_o unserviceable_a to_o any_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n that_o that_o alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v we_o lay_v it_o by_o and_o content_v ourselves_o with_o such_o essence_n of_o the_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o thing_n as_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o knowledge_n which_o when_o serious_o consider_v will_v be_v find_v as_o i_o have_v say_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o those_o abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v distinct_a general_a name_n §_o 18._o essence_n thus_o distinguish_v into_o nominal_a and_o real_a we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o species_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n they_o be_v always_o the_o same_o but_o in_o substance_n always_o quâ—te_v different_a thus_o a_o figure_n include_v a_o space_n between_o three_o line_n be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o abstract_n idea_n to_o which_o the_o general_a name_n be_v annex_v but_o the_o very_a essentie_n or_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o foundation_n from_o which_o all_o its_o property_n flow_v and_o to_o which_o they_o be_v all_o inseparable_o annex_v but_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o concern_v that_o parcel_n of_o matter_n which_o make_v the_o ring_n on_o my_o finger_n wherein_o these_o two_o essence_n be_v apparent_o different_a for_o it_o be_v the_o real_a constitution_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n on_o which_o depend_v all_o those_o property_n of_o colour_n weight_n fusibility_n fixedness_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o it_o which_o constitution_n we_o know_v not_o and_o so_o have_v no_o particular_a idea_n of_o have_v no_o name_n that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v its_o colour_n weight_n fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v gold_n or_o give_v it_o a_o right_a to_o that_o name_n which_o be_v therefore_o its_o nominal_a essence_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v gold_n but_o what_o have_v a_o conformity_n of_o quality_n to_o that_o abstract_n complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v annex_v but_o this_o distinction_n of_o essence_n belong_v particular_o to_o substance_n we_o shall_v when_o we_o come_v to_o consider_v their_o name_n have_v a_o occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o more_o full_o §_o 19_o that_o such_o abstract_n idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o as_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o be_v essence_n may_v far_o appear_v by_o what_o we_o be_v tell_v concern_v essence_n viz._n that_o they_o be_v all_o ingenerable_a and_o incorruptible_a which_o can_v be_v true_a of_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o thing_n which_o begin_v and_o perish_v with_o they_o all_o thing_n that_o exist_v in_o nature_n beside_o their_o author_n be_v all_o liable_a to_o change_v especial_o those_o thing_n we_o be_v acquaint_v with_o and_o have_v rank_v into_o band_n under_o distinct_a name_n or_o ensign_n thus_o that_o which_o be_v grass_n to_o day_n be_v to_o morrow_n the_o flesh_n of_o a_o sheep_n and_o within_o few_o day_n after_o become_v part_n of_o a_o man_n in_o all_o which_o and_o the_o like_a change_n it_o be_v evident_a their_o real_a essence_n that_o constitution_n whereon_o the_o property_n of_o these_o several_a thing_n depend_v be_v destroy_v and_o perish_v with_o they_o but_o essence_n be_v take_v for_o idea_n establish_v in_o the_o mind_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o remain_v steady_o the_o same_o whatever_o mutation_n the_o particular_a substance_n be_v liable_a to_o for_o whatever_o become_v of_o alexander_n and_o bucephalus_n the_o idea_n to_o which_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v annex_v be_v suppose_v nevertheless_o to_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o essence_n of_o those_o species_n be_v preserve_v undestroy_v whatever_o change_v happen_v to_o any_o or_o all_o of_o the_o individual_n of_o those_o species_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o species_n rest_v safe_a and_o entire_a without_o the_o existence_n of_o so_o much_o as_o one_o individual_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o be_v there_o now_o no_o circle_n exist_v any_o where_o in_o the_o world_n as_o perhaps_o that_o figure_n exist_v not_o any_o where_o exact_o mark_v out_o yet_o the_o idea_n annex_v to_o that_o name_n will_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o to_o be_v as_o a_o pattern_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o particular_a figure_n we_o meet_v with_o have_v or_o have_v not_o a_o right_n to_o the_o name_n circle_n and_o so_o by_o have_v that_o essence_n be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o though_o there_o neither_o be_v nor_o have_v be_v in_o nature_n such_o a_o beast_n as_o a_o unicorn_n nor_o such_o a_o fish_n as_o a_o mermaid_n yet_o suppose_v those_o name_n to_o stand_v for_o complex_fw-la abstract_a idea_n that_o contain_v no_o inconsistency_n in_o they_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o mermaid_n be_v
as_o intelligible_a as_o that_o of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o unicorn_n as_o certain_a steady_a and_o permanent_a as_o that_o of_o a_o horse_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o immutability_n of_o essence_n prove_v they_o to_o be_v only_o abstract_a idea_n and_o be_v found_v on_o the_o relation_n establish_v between_o they_o and_o certain_a sound_n as_o sign_n of_o they_o and_o will_v always_o be_v true_a as_o long_o as_o the_o same_o name_n can_v have_v the_o same_o signification_n §_o 20._o to_o conclude_v this_o be_v that_o which_o in_o short_a i_o will_v say_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o great_a business_n of_o genera_n and_o species_n and_o their_o essence_n amount_n to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o man_n make_v abstract_n idea_n and_o settle_v they_o in_o their_o mind_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o do_v thereby_o enable_v themselves_o to_o consider_v thing_n and_o discourse_n of_o they_o as_o it_o be_v in_o bundle_n for_o the_o easy_a and_o ready_a improvement_n and_o communication_n of_o their_o knowledge_n which_o will_v advance_v but_o slow_o be_v their_o word_n and_o thought_n confine_v only_o to_o particular_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n §_o 1._o though_o all_o word_n as_o i_o have_v show_v signify_v nothing_o immediate_o but_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n yet_o upon_o a_o near_a survey_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n mix_v modes_n under_o which_o i_o comprise_v relation_n too_o and_o natural_a substance_n have_v each_o of_o they_o something_o peculiar_a and_o different_a from_o the_o other_o for_o example_n §_o 2._o first_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n with_o the_o abstract_n idea_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o they_o immediate_o signify_v intimate_v also_o some_o real_a existence_n from_o which_o be_v derive_v their_o original_a pattern_n but_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n terminate_v in_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o lead_v not_o the_o thought_n any_o far_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n §_o 3._o second_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n signify_v always_o the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n but_o the_o name_n of_o natural_a substance_n signify_v rare_o if_o ever_o any_o thing_n but_o bare_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o those_o species_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o chapter_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n in_o particular_a §_o 4._o three_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o definition_n the_o name_n of_o all_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v it_o have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v hitherto_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o body_n what_o word_n be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v define_v the_o want_n whereof_o be_v as_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v not_o seldom_o the_o occasion_n of_o great_a wrangle_n and_o obscurity_n in_o man_n discourse_n whilst_o some_o demand_v definition_n of_o term_n that_o can_v be_v define_v and_o other_o think_v they_o ought_v to_o rest_v satisfy_v in_o a_o explication_n make_v by_o a_o more_o general_a word_n and_o its_o restriction_n or_o to_o speak_v in_o term_n of_o art_n by_o a_o genus_fw-la and_o difference_n when_o even_o after_o that_o regular_a definition_n those_o who_o hear_v it_o have_v often_o no_o more_o a_o clear_a conception_n of_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n than_o they_o have_v before_o this_o at_o least_o i_o think_v that_o the_o show_v what_o word_n be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o definition_n and_o wherein_o consist_v a_o good_a definition_n be_v not_o whole_o beside_o our_o present_a purpose_n and_o perhaps_o will_v afford_v so_o much_o light_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o sign_n and_o our_o idea_n as_o to_o deserve_v a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n §_o 5._o i_o will_v not_o here_o trouble_v myself_o to_o prove_v that_o all_o term_n be_v not_o definable_a from_o that_o progress_n in_o infinitum_fw-la which_o it_o will_v visible_o lead_v we_o into_o if_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o all_o name_n can_v be_v define_v for_o if_o the_o term_n of_o one_o definition_n be_v still_o to_o be_v define_v by_o another_o where_o at_o last_o shall_v we_o stop_v but_o i_o shall_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o signification_n of_o our_o word_n show_v why_o some_o name_n can_v and_o other_o can_v be_v define_v and_o which_o they_o be_v §_o 6._o i_o think_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o a_o definition_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o show_v the_o meaning_n of_o one_o word_n by_o several_a other_z not_o synonymous_a term_n the_o meaning_n of_o word_n be_v only_o the_o idea_n they_o be_v make_v to_o stand_v for_o by_o he_o that_o use_v they_o the_o meaning_n of_o any_o term_n be_v then_o show_v or_o the_o word_n be_v define_v when_o by_o other_o word_n the_o idea_n it_o be_v annex_v to_o and_o make_v the_o sign_n of_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n be_v as_o it_o be_v represent_v or_o set_v before_o the_o view_n of_o another_o and_o thus_o its_o signification_n ascertain_v this_o be_v the_o only_a use_n and_o end_n of_o definition_n and_o therefore_o the_o only_a measure_n of_o what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n §_o 7._o this_o be_v premise_v i_o say_v that_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o those_o only_a be_v incapable_a of_o be_v define_v the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v this_o that_o the_o several_a term_n of_o a_o definition_n signify_v several_a idea_n they_o can_v altogether_o by_o no_o mean_n represent_v a_o idea_n which_o have_v no_o composition_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o a_o definition_n which_o be_v proper_o nothing_o but_o the_o show_v the_o meaning_n of_o one_o word_n by_o several_a other_o not_o signify_v each_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v in_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n have_v no_o place_n §_o 8._o the_o not_o observe_v this_o difference_n in_o our_o idea_n and_o their_o name_n have_v produce_v that_o eminent_a trifle_n in_o the_o school_n which_o be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o definition_n they_o give_v we_o of_o some_o few_o of_o these_o simple_a idea_n for_o as_o to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o even_o those_o master_n of_o definition_n be_v fain_o to_o leave_v they_o untouched_a mere_o by_o the_o impossibility_n they_o find_v in_o it_o what_o more_o exquisite_a jargon_n can_v the_o wit_n of_o man_n invent_v than_o this_o definition_n the_o act_n of_o a_o be_v in_o power_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o in_o power_n which_o will_v puzzle_v any_o rational_a man_n to_o who_o it_o be_v not_o already_o know_v by_o its_o famous_a absurdity_n to_o guess_v what_o word_n it_o can_v ever_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o explication_n of_o if_o tully_n ask_v a_o dutchman_n what_o beweeginge_v be_v shall_v have_v receive_v this_o explication_n in_o his_o own_o language_n that_o it_o be_v actus_fw-la entis_fw-la in_o potentia_fw-la quatenus_fw-la in_o potentia_fw-la i_o ask_v whether_o any_o one_o can_v imagine_v he_o can_v thereby_o have_v understand_v what_o the_o word_n beweeginge_v signify_v or_o have_v guess_v what_o idea_n a_o dutchman_n ordinary_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o will_v signify_v to_o another's_o when_o he_o use_v that_o sound_n §_o 9_o nor_o have_v the_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o throw_v off_o the_o jargon_n of_o the_o school_n and_o speak_v intelligible_o much_o better_o succeed_v in_o define_v simple_a idea_n whether_o by_o explain_v their_o cause_n or_o any_o otherwise_o the_o atomist_n who_o define_v motion_n to_o be_v a_o passage_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o what_o do_v they_o more_o than_o put_v one_o synonymous_a word_n for_o another_o for_o what_o be_v passage_n other_o than_o motion_n and_o if_o they_o be_v ask_v what_o passage_n be_v how_o will_v they_o better_o define_v it_o than_o by_o motion_n for_o be_v it_o not_o at_o least_o as_o proper_a and_o significant_a to_o say_v passage_n be_v a_o motion_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o to_o say_v motion_n be_v a_o passage_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v to_o translate_v and_o not_o to_o define_v when_o we_o change_v two_o word_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n one_o for_o another_o which_o when_o one_o be_v better_a understand_v than_o the_o other_o may_v serve_v to_o discover_v what_o idea_n the_o unknown_a stand_v for_o but_o be_v very_o far_o from_o a_o definition_n unless_o we_o will_v say_v every_o english_a word_n in_o the_o dictionary_n be_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o latin_a word_n it_o answer_v and_o that_o motion_n be_v a_o definition_n of_o motus_fw-la nor_o will_v the_o successive_a application_n of_o
the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o one_o body_n to_o those_o of_o another_o which_o the_o cartesian_o give_v we_o prove_v a_o much_o better_a definition_n of_o motion_n when_o well_o examine_v §_o 10._o the_o act_n of_o perspicuous_a as_o far_o forth_o as_o perspicuous_a be_v another_o peripatetic_a definition_n of_o a_o simple_a idea_n which_o though_o not_o more_o absurd_a than_o the_o former_a of_o motion_n yet_o betray_v its_o uselessness_n and_o insignificancy_n more_o plain_o because_o experience_n will_v easy_o convince_v any_o one_o that_o it_o can_v make_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n light_n which_o it_o pretend_v to_o define_v at_o all_o understand_v by_o a_o blind_a man_n but_o the_o definition_n of_o motion_n appear_v not_o at_o first_o sight_n so_o useless_a because_o it_o escape_v this_o way_n of_o trial._n for_o this_o simple_a idea_n enter_v by_o the_o touch_n as_o well_o as_o sight_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o show_v a_o example_n of_o any_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o get_v the_o idea_n of_o motion_n but_o bare_o by_o the_o definition_n of_o that_o name_n when_o the_o cartesian_o tell_v we_o that_o light_n be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a globule_n strike_v brisk_o on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n they_o speak_v a_o little_a more_o intelligible_o than_o the_o school_n but_o yet_o these_o word_n never_o so_o well_o understand_v will_v make_v the_o idea_n the_o word_n light_n stand_v for_o no_o more_o know_v to_o a_o man_n that_o understand_v it_o not_o before_o than_o if_o one_o shall_v tell_v he_o that_o light_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o company_n of_o little_a tennis-ball_n which_o fairy_n all_o day_n long_o strike_v with_o racket_n against_o some_o man_n forehead_n whilst_o they_o pass_v by_o other_o for_o grant_v his_o explication_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a yet_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n if_o we_o have_v it_o never_o so_o exact_a will_v no_o more_o give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o light_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v such_o a_o particular_a perception_n in_o we_o than_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o motion_n of_o a_o sharp_a piece_n of_o steel_n will_v give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o that_o pain_n which_o it_o be_v able_a to_o cause_n in_o we_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o sensation_n and_o the_o sensation_n itself_o in_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o one_o sense_n be_v two_o idea_n and_o two_o idea_n so_o different_a and_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o that_o no_o two_o can_v be_v more_o so_o and_o therefore_o shall_v des_fw-mi cartes's_fw-fr globules_n strike_v never_o so_o long_o on_o the_o retina_n of_o a_o man_n who_o be_v blind_a by_o a_o guttâ_fw-la serenâ_fw-la he_o will_v thereby_o never_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o light_n or_o any_o thing_n approach_v to_o it_o though_o he_o understand_v what_o little_a globule_n be_v and_o what_o strike_v on_o another_o body_n be_v never_o so_o well_o §_o 11._o simple_n idea_n as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v only_o to_o be_v get_v by_o those_o impression_n object_n themselves_o make_v on_o our_o mind_n by_o the_o proper_a inlet_n appoint_v to_o each_o sort_n if_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v this_o way_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o world_n make_v use_v of_o to_o explain_v or_o define_v any_o of_o their_o name_n will_v never_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o for_o word_n be_v sound_n can_v produce_v in_o we_o no_o other_o simple_a idea_n than_o of_o those_o very_a sound_n nor_o excite_v any_o in_o we_o but_o by_o that_o voluntary_a connexion_n which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v between_o they_o and_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o common_a use_n have_v make_v they_o sign_n of_o he_o that_o think_v otherwise_o let_v he_o try_v if_o any_o word_n can_v give_v he_o the_o taste_n of_o a_o pineapple_n and_o make_v he_o have_v the_o true_a idea_n of_o the_o relish_n of_o that_o celebrate_a delicious_a fruit._n so_o far_o as_o he_o be_v tell_v it_o have_v a_o 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which_o contend_v for_o the_o excellency_n of_o his_o art_n and_o the_o statuary_n brag_v that_o his_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v because_o it_o reach_v far_o and_o even_o those_o who_o have_v lose_v their_o eye_n can_v yet_o perceive_v the_o excellency_n of_o it_o the_o painter_n agree_v to_o refer_v himself_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o blind_a man_n who_o be_v bring_v where_o there_o be_v a_o statue_n make_v by_o the_o one_o and_o a_o picture_n draw_v by_o the_o other_o he_o be_v first_o lead_v to_o the_o statue_n in_o which_o he_o trace_v with_o his_o hand_n all_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o face_n and_o body_n and_o with_o great_a admiration_n applaud_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o workman_n but_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o picture_n and_o have_v his_o
distinct_a species_n from_o kill_v a_o man_n son_n or_o neighbour_n it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o distinct_a punishment_n the_o one_o deserve_v different_a from_o the_o other_o murder_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o mention_v it_o by_o a_o distinct_a name_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o make_v that_o distinct_a combination_n but_o though_o the_o idea_n of_o mother_n and_o daughter_n be_v so_o different_o treat_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o kill_v that_o the_o one_o be_v join_v with_o it_o to_o make_v a_o distinct_a abstract_n idea_n with_o a_o name_n and_o so_o a_o distinct_a species_n and_o the_o other_o not_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o carnal_a knowledge_n they_o be_v both_o take_v in_o under_o incest_n and_o that_o still_o for_o the_o same_o convenience_n of_o express_v under_o one_o name_n and_o reckon_n of_o one_o species_n such_o unclean_a mixture_n as_o have_v a_o peculiar_a turpitude_n beyond_o other_o and_o this_o to_o avoid_v 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by_o the_o understanding_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o can_v by_o no_o body_n be_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n make_v those_o abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o specific_a name_n be_v give_v and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v that_o the_o mind_n make_v these_o pattern_n for_o sort_v and_o name_v of_o thing_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v who_o make_v the_o boundary_n of_o the_o sort_n or_o species_n since_o with_o i_o species_n and_o sort_n have_v no_o other_o difference_n than_o that_o of_o a_o latin_a and_o english_a idiom_n §_o 10._o the_o near_a relation_n that_o there_o be_v between_o species_n essence_n and_o their_o general_a name_n at_o least_o in_o mix_a modes_n will_v far_o appear_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v the_o name_n that_o seem_v to_o preserve_v those_o essence_n and_o give_v they_o their_o last_a duration_n for_o the_o connexion_n between_o the_o loose_a part_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n 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into_o one_o idea_n several_a loose_a one_o and_o by_o that_o name_n give_v a_o last_a union_n to_o the_o part_n which_o will_v otherwise_o cease_v to_o have_v any_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o mind_n lay_v by_o that_o abstract_n idea_n and_o cease_v actual_o to_o think_v on_o it_o but_o when_o a_o name_n be_v once_o annex_v to_o it_o wherein_o the_o part_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n have_v a_o settle_a and_o permanent_a union_n then_o be_v the_o essence_n as_o it_o be_v establish_v and_o the_o species_n look_v on_o as_o complete_a for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o memory_n charge_v itself_o with_o such_o composition_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o abstraction_n to_o make_v they_o general_a and_o to_o what_o purpose_n make_v they_o general_a unless_o it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v have_v general_a name_n for_o the_o convenience_n
have_v do_v some_o service_n to_o truth_n peace_n and_o learning_n if_o by_o any_o enlargement_n on_o this_o subject_a i_o can_v make_v man_n reflect_v on_o their_o own_o use_n of_o language_n and_o give_v they_o reason_n to_o suspect_v that_o since_o it_o be_v frequent_a for_o other_o it_o may_v also_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o have_v sometime_o very_o good_a and_o approve_a word_n in_o their_o mouth_n and_o write_n with_o very_o uncertain_a little_a or_o no_o signification_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a for_o they_o to_o be_v wary_a herein_o themselves_o and_o not_o to_o be_v unwilling_a to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o other_o with_o this_o design_n therefore_o i_o shall_v go_v on_o with_o what_o i_o have_v far_o to_o say_v concern_v this_o matter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n §_o 1._o the_o common_a name_n of_o substance_n as_o well_o as_o other_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o sort_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o be_v make_v sign_n of_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n wherein_o several_a particular_a substance_n do_v or_o may_v agree_v by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o one_o common_a conception_n and_o be_v signify_v by_o one_o name_n i_o say_v do_v or_o may_v agree_v for_o though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sun_n exist_v in_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v abstract_v so_o as_o that_o more_o substance_n if_o there_o be_v several_a may_v each_o agree_v in_o it_o it_o be_v as_o much_o a_o sort_n as_o if_o there_o be_v as_o many_o sun_n as_o there_o be_v star_n they_o want_v not_o their_o reason_n who_o think_v there_o be_v and_o that_o each_o fix_a star_n will_v answer_v the_o idea_n the_o name_n sun_n stand_v for_o to_o one_o who_o be_v place_v in_o a_o due_a distance_n which_o by_o the_o way_n may_v show_v we_o how_o much_o the_o sort_n or_o if_o you_o please_v genera_n and_o species_n of_o thing_n for_o those_o latin_a term_n signify_v to_o i_o no_o more_o than_o the_o english_a word_n sort_v depend_v on_o such_o collection_n of_o idea_n as_o man_n have_v make_v and_o not_o on_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n that_o may_v be_v a_o sun_n to_o one_o which_o be_v a_o star_n to_o another_o §_o 2._o the_o measure_n and_o boundary_a of_o each_o sort_n or_o species_n whereby_o it_o be_v constitute_v that_o particular_a sort_n and_o distinguish_v from_o other_o be_v that_o we_o call_v its_o essence_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o that_o abstract_n idea_n to_o which_o the_o name_n be_v annex_v so_o that_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o that_o idea_n be_v essential_a to_o that_o sort._n this_o though_o it_o be_v all_o the_o essence_n of_o natural_a substance_n that_o we_o know_v or_o by_o which_o we_o distinguish_v they_o into_o sort_n yet_o i_o call_v it_o by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n the_o nominal_a essence_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o real_a constitution_n of_o substance_n upon_o which_o depend_v this_o nominal_a essence_n and_o all_o the_o property_n of_o that_o sort_n which_o therefore_o as_o have_v be_v say_v may_v be_v call_v the_o real_a essence_n v_o g._n the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o let_v it_o be_v for_o instance_n a_o body_n yellow_a of_o a_o certain_a weight_n malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v but_o the_o real_a essence_n be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o that_o body_n on_o which_o those_o quality_n and_o all_o the_o other_o property_n of_o gold_n depend_v how_o far_o these_o two_o be_v different_a though_o they_o be_v both_o call_v essence_n be_v obvious_a at_o â—irst_n sight_n to_o discover_v §_o 3._o for_o though_o perhaps_o voluntary_a motion_n with_o sense_n and_o reason_n join_v to_o a_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a shape_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o i_o and_o other_o annex_v the_o name_n man_n and_o so_o be_v the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n so_o call_v yet_o no_o body_n will_v say_v that_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v the_o real_a essence_n and_o source_n of_o all_o those_o operation_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o individual_a of_o that_o sort._n the_o foundation_n of_o all_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v something_o quite_o different_a and_o have_v we_o such_o a_o knowledge_n of_o that_o constitution_n of_o man_n from_o which_o his_o faculty_n of_o move_a sensation_n and_o reason_v and_o other_o power_n flow_v and_o on_o which_o his_o so_o regular_a shape_n depend_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a angel_n have_v and_o it_o be_v certain_a his_o maker_n have_v we_o shall_v have_v a_o quite_o other_o idea_n of_o his_o essence_n than_o what_o now_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o definition_n of_o that_o species_n be_v it_o what_o it_o will_v and_o our_o idea_n of_o any_o individual_a man_n will_v be_v as_o far_o different_a from_o what_o it_o now_o be_v as_o be_v his_o who_o know_v all_o the_o spring_n and_o wheel_n and_o other_o contrivance_n within_o of_o the_o famous_a clock_n at_o strasburg_n be_v from_o that_o which_o a_o gaze_a countryman_n have_v of_o it_o who_o bare_o see_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o hear_v the_o clock_n strike_v and_o observe_v only_o some_o of_o the_o outward_a appearance_n §_o 4._o how_o much_o essence_n in_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o the_o word_n relate_v to_o sort_n and_o that_o it_o be_v consider_v in_o particular_a being_n no_o far_o than_o as_o they_o be_v rank_v into_o sort_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o take_v but_o away_o the_o abstract_n idea_n by_o which_o we_o sort_v individual_n and_o rank_v they_o under_o common_a name_n and_o then_o the_o thought_n of_o any_o thing_n essential_a to_o any_o of_o they_o instant_o vanish_v we_o have_v no_o notion_n of_o the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o which_o plain_o show_v their_o relation_n it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o be_v as_o i_o be_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v make_v i_o so_o but_o there_o be_v nothing_o i_o have_v be_v essential_a to_o i_o a_o accident_n or_o disease_n may_v very_o much_o alter_v my_o colour_n or_o shape_n a_o fever_n or_o fall_v may_v take_v away_o my_o reason_n or_o memory_n or_o both_o and_o a_o apoplex_a leave_n neither_o sense_n nor_o understanding_n no_o nor_o life_n other_o creature_n of_o my_o shape_n may_v be_v make_v with_o more_o and_o better_o or_o few_o and_o worse_a faculty_n than_o i_o have_v and_o other_o may_v have_v reason_n and_o sense_n in_o a_o shape_n and_o body_n very_o different_a from_o i_o none_o of_o these_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o or_o to_o any_o individual_a whatsoever_o till_o the_o mind_n refer_v it_o to_o some_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o thing_n and_o then_o present_o according_a to_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o that_o sort_n something_o be_v find_v essential_a let_v any_o one_o examine_v his_o own_o thought_n and_o he_o will_v find_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o suppose_v or_o speak_v of_o essential_a the_o consideration_n of_o some_o species_n or_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o some_o general_a name_n come_v into_o his_o mind_n and_o it_o be_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o that_o this_o or_o that_o quality_n be_v say_v to_o be_v essential_a so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v ask_v whether_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o i_o or_o any_o other_o particular_a corporeal_a be_v to_o have_v reason_n i_o say_v no_o nor_o more_o than_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o this_o white_a thing_n i_o write_v on_o to_o have_v word_n in_o it_o but_o if_o that_o particular_a be_v be_v to_o be_v count_v of_o the_o sort_n man_n and_o to_o have_v that_o name_n man_n give_v it_o than_o reason_n be_v essential_a to_o it_o suppose_v reason_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o name_n man_n stand_v for_o as_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o this_o thing_n i_o write_v on_o to_o contain_v word_n if_o i_o will_v give_v it_o the_o name_n treatise_n and_o rank_v it_o under_o that_o species_n so_o that_o essential_a and_o not_o essential_a relate_v only_o to_o our_o abstract_n idea_n and_o the_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o whatever_o particular_a thing_n have_v not_o in_o it_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o abstract_n idea_n which_o any_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o can_v be_v rank_v under_o that_o species_n nor_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n since_o that_o abstract_a idea_n be_v the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n §_o 5._o thus_o if_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n with_o some_o people_n be_v bare_a extension_n or_o
be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o true_a internal_a constitution_n from_o which_o those_o quality_n flow_v than_o as_o i_o say_v a_o countryman_n idea_n be_v from_o the_o inward_a contrivance_n of_o that_o famous_a clock_n at_o strasburg_n whereof_o he_o only_o see_v the_o outward_a figure_n and_o motion_n there_o be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a a_o plant_n or_o animal_n that_o do_v not_o confound_v the_o most_o enlarge_a understanding_n though_o the_o familiar_a use_n of_o thing_n about_o we_o take_v off_o our_o wonder_n yet_o it_o cure_v not_o our_o ignorance_n when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v the_o stone_n we_o tread_v on_o or_o the_o iron_n we_o daily_o handle_v we_o present_o find_v we_o know_v not_o their_o make_n and_o can_v give_v no_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a quality_n we_o find_v in_o they_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o internal_a constitution_n whereon_o their_o property_n depend_v be_v unknown_a to_o we_o for_o to_o go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o gross_a and_o most_o obvious_a we_o can_v imagine_v among_o they_o what_o be_v that_o texture_n of_o part_n that_o real_a essence_n that_o make_v lead_v and_o antimony_n susible_a wood_n and_o stone_n not_o what_o make_v lead_v and_o iron_n malleable_a antimony_n and_o stone_n not_o and_o yet_o how_o infinite_o these_o come_v short_a of_o the_o fine_a contrivance_n and_o unconceivable_a real_a essence_n of_o plant_n and_o animal_n every_o one_o know_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o alwise_a and_o powerful_a god_n in_o the_o great_a fabric_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o every_o part_n thereof_o far_o exceed_v the_o capacity_n and_o comprehension_n of_o the_o most_o inquisitive_a and_o intelligent_a man_n than_o the_o best_a contrivance_n of_o the_o most_o ingenious_a man_n do_v the_o conception_n of_o the_o most_o ignorant_a of_o rational_a creature_n therefore_o we_o in_o vain_a pretend_v to_o range_v thing_n into_o sort_n and_o dispose_v they_o into_o certain_a class_n under_o name_n by_o their_o real_a essence_n that_o be_v so_o far_o from_o our_o comprehension_n a_o blind_a man_n may_v as_o soon_o sort_v thing_n by_o their_o colour_n and_o he_o that_o have_v lose_v his_o smell_n as_o well_o distinguish_v a_o lily_n and_o a_o rose_n by_o their_o odour_n as_o by_o those_o internal_a constitution_n he_o know_v not_o he_o that_o think_v he_o can_v distinguish_v sheep_n and_o goat_n by_o their_o real_a essence_n that_o be_v unknown_a to_o he_o may_v be_v please_v to_o try_v his_o skill_n in_o those_o species_n call_v cassiwary_n and_o querechinchio_n and_o by_o their_o internal_a real_a essence_n determine_v the_o boundary_n of_o those_o species_n without_o know_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o sensible_a quality_n that_o each_o of_o those_o name_n stand_v for_o in_o the_o country_n where_o those_o animal_n be_v to_o be_v find_v §_o 10._o those_o therefore_o who_o have_v be_v teach_v that_o the_o several_a species_n of_o substance_n have_v their_o distinct_a internal_a substantial_a form_n and_o that_o it_o be_v those_o form_n which_o make_v the_o distinction_n of_o substance_n into_o their_o true_a species_n and_o genera_n be_v lead_v yet_o far_o out_o of_o the_o way_n by_o have_v their_o mind_n set_v upon_o fruitless_a inquiry_n after_o substantial_a form_n whole_o unintelligible_a and_o whereof_o we_o have_v scarce_o so_o much_o as_o any_o obscure_a or_o confuse_a conception_n in_o general_n §_o 11._o that_o our_o rank_v and_o distinguish_v natural_a substance_n into_o species_n consist_v in_o the_o nominal_a essence_n the_o mind_n make_v and_o not_o in_o the_o real_a essence_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o be_v far_a evident_a from_o our_o idea_n of_o spirit_n for_o the_o mind_n get_v only_o by_o reflect_v on_o its_o own_o operation_n those_o simple_a idea_n which_o it_o attribute_n to_o spirit_n it_o have_v or_o can_v have_v no_o other_o notion_n of_o spirit_n but_o by_o attribute_v all_o those_o operation_n it_o find_v in_o itself_o to_o a_o sort_n of_o being_n without_o consideration_n of_o matter_n and_o even_o the_o most_o advance_a notion_n we_o have_v of_o god_n be_v but_o attribute_v the_o same_o simple_a idea_n we_o have_v get_v from_o reflection_n on_o what_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o and_o which_o we_o conceive_v to_o have_v more_o perfection_n in_o they_o than_o will_v be_v in_o their_o absence_n attribute_v i_o say_v those_o simple_a idea_n to_o he_o in_o a_o unlimited_a degree_n thus_o have_v get_v from_o reflect_v on_o ourselves_o the_o idea_n of_o existence_n knowledge_n power_n and_o pleasure_n each_o of_o which_o we_o find_v it_o better_a to_o have_v than_o to_o want_v and_o the_o more_o we_o have_v of_o each_o the_o better_a join_v all_o these_o together_o with_o infinity_n to_o each_o of_o they_o we_o have_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o eternal_a omniscient_a omnipotent_a infinite_o wise_a and_o happy_a be_v and_o though_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o there_o be_v different_a species_n of_o angel_n yet_o we_o know_v not_o how_o to_o frame_v distinct_a specific_a idea_n of_o they_o not_o out_o of_o any_o conceit_n that_o the_o existence_n of_o more_o species_n than_o one_o of_o spirit_n be_v impossible_a but_o because_o have_v no_o more_o simple_a idea_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o frame_v more_o applicable_a to_o such_o be_v but_o only_o those_o few_o take_v from_o ourselves_o and_o from_o the_o action_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n in_o think_v and_o be_v delight_v and_o move_v several_a part_n of_o our_o body_n we_o can_v no_o otherwise_o distinguish_v in_o our_o conception_n the_o several_a species_n of_o spirit_n one_o from_o another_o but_o by_o attribute_v those_o operation_n and_o power_n we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o to_o they_o in_o a_o high_a or_o low_a degree_n and_o so_o have_v neither_o distinct_a specific_a idea_n of_o spirit_n except_o only_o of_o god_n to_o who_o we_o attribute_v both_o duration_n and_o all_o those_o other_o idea_n with_o infinity_o to_o the_o other_o spirit_n with_o limitation_n among_o which_o we_o make_v no_o distinction_n nor_o do_v we_o between_o god_n and_o they_o in_o our_o idea_n put_v any_o difference_n by_o any_o number_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o we_o have_v of_o one_o and_o not_o of_o the_o other_o but_o only_o that_o of_o infinity_o all_o the_o particular_a idea_n of_o existence_n knowledge_n will_n power_n and_o motion_n etc._n etc._n be_v idea_n derive_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n we_o attribute_v all_o of_o they_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o spirit_n with_o the_o difference_n only_o of_o degree_n to_o the_o utmost_a we_o can_v imagine_v even_o infinity_o when_o we_o will_v frame_v as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o first_o be_v who_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a be_v infinite_o more_o remote_a in_o the_o real_a excellency_n of_o his_o nature_n from_o the_o high_a and_o perfect_a of_o all_o create_a being_n much_o more_o from_o what_o our_o narrow_a understanding_n can_v conceive_v of_o he_o than_o the_o great_a man_n nay_o pure_a seraphim_n be_v from_o the_o most_o contemptible_a part_n of_o matter_n §_o 12._o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v nor_o repugnant_a to_o reason_n that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o species_n of_o spirit_n as_o much_o separate_v and_o diversify_v one_o from_o another_o by_o distinct_a property_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n as_o the_o species_n of_o sensible_a thing_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o by_o quality_n which_o we_o know_v and_o observe_v in_o they_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v more_o species_n of_o intelligent_a creature_n above_o we_o than_o there_o be_v of_o sensible_a and_o material_a below_o we_o be_v probable_a to_o i_o from_o hence_o that_o in_o all_o the_o visible_a corporeal_a world_n we_o see_v no_o chasm_n or_o gap_n all_o quite_o down_o from_o we_o the_o descent_n be_v by_o easy_a step_n and_o a_o continue_a series_n of_o thing_n that_o in_o each_o remove_n differ_v very_o little_a one_o from_o the_o other_o there_o be_v fish_n that_o have_v wing_n and_o be_v not_o stranger_n to_o the_o airy_a region_n and_o there_o be_v some_o bird_n that_o be_v inhabitant_n of_o the_o water_n who_o blood_n be_v cold_a as_o fish_n and_o their_o flesh_n in_o taste_n so_o near_o akin_a that_o the_o scrupulous_a be_v allow_v they_o on_o fish-day_n there_o be_v animal_n so_o near_o of_o kin_n both_o to_o bird_n and_o beast_n that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o both_o amphibious_a animal_n link_v the_o terrestrial_a and_o aquatique_a together_o seal_n live_v at_o land_n and_o at_o sea_n and_o porpoise_n have_v the_o warm_a blood_n and_o entrail_n of_o a_o hog_n not_o to_o mention_v what_o be_v confident_o report_v of_o mermaid_n or_o seaman_n there_o be_v some_o brute_n that_o seem_v to_o have_v as_o much_o knowledge_n and_o reason_n as_o some_o that_o be_v call_v man_n and_o the_o animal_n
the_o same_o individual_a will_v be_v a_o true_a man_n to_o the_o one_o which_o be_v not_o so_o to_o the_o other_o i_o think_v there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o will_v allow_v this_o upright_a figure_n so_o well_o know_v to_o be_v the_o essential_a difference_n of_o the_o species_n man_n and_o yet_o how_o far_o man_n determine_v of_o the_o sort_n of_o animal_n rather_o by_o their_o shape_n than_o descent_n be_v very_o visible_a since_o it_o have_v be_v more_o than_o once_o debate_v whether_o several_a (null)_o foetus_fw-la shall_v be_v preserve_v or_o receive_v to_o baptism_n or_o no_o only_o because_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o outward_a configuration_n from_o the_o ordinary_a make_n of_o child_n without_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v not_o as_o capable_a of_o reason_n as_o infant_n cast_v in_o another_o mould_n some_o whereof_o though_o of_o a_o approve_a shape_n be_v never_o capable_a of_o as_o much_o appearance_n of_o reason_n all_o their_o life_n as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o ape_n or_o a_o elephant_n and_o never_o give_v any_o sign_n of_o be_v act_v by_o a_o rational_a soul_n whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o outward_a figure_n which_o only_o be_v find_v want_v and_o not_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_n which_o no_o body_n can_v know_v will_v be_v want_v in_o its_o due_a season_n be_v make_v essential_a to_o the_o (null)_o species_n the_o learned_a divine_a and_o lawyer_n must_v on_o such_o occasion_n renounce_v his_o sacred_a definition_n of_o animal_n rationale_n and_o substitute_v some_o other_o essence_n of_o the_o (null)_o species_n §_o 26._o wherein_o then_o will_v i_o glad_o know_v consist_v the_o precise_a and_o unmovable_a boundary_n of_o that_o species_n it_o be_v plain_a if_o we_o examine_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n make_v by_o nature_n and_o establish_v by_o she_o among_o men._n the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o substance_n it_o be_v evident_a we_o know_v not_o and_o therefore_o be_v so_o undetermined_a in_o our_o nominal_a essence_n which_o we_o make_v ourselves_o that_o if_o several_a man_n be_v to_o be_v ask_v concern_v some_o odly-shaped_n foetus_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o bear_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o man_n or_o no_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n one_o shall_v meet_v with_o different_a answer_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v if_o the_o nominal_a essence_n whereby_o we_o limit_v and_o distinguish_v the_o species_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o make_v by_o man_n with_o some_o liberty_n but_o be_v exact_o copy_v from_o precise_a boundary_n set_v by_o nature_n whereby_o it_o distinguish_v all_o substance_n into_o certain_a species_n who_o will_v undertake_v to_o resolve_v what_o species_n that_o monster_n be_v of_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o licetus_n lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o with_o a_o man_n head_n and_o hog_n body_n or_o those_o other_o which_o to_o the_o body_n of_o man_n have_v the_o head_n of_o beast_n as_o dog_n horse_n etc._n etc._n if_o any_o of_o these_o creature_n have_v live_v and_o can_v have_v speak_v it_o will_v have_v increase_v the_o difficulty_n have_v the_o upper_a part_n to_o the_o middle_n be_v of_o (null)_o shape_n and_o all_o below_o swine_n have_v it_o be_v murder_n to_o destroy_v it_o or_o must_v the_o bishop_n have_v be_v consult_v whether_o it_o be_v man_n enough_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o font_n or_o no_o as_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v it_o happen_v in_o france_n some_o year_n since_o in_o somewhat_o a_o like_a case_n so_o uncertain_a be_v the_o boundary_n of_o species_n of_o animal_n to_o we_o who_o have_v no_o other_o measure_n than_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o our_o own_o collect_v and_o so_o far_o be_v we_o from_o certain_o know_v what_o a_o man_n be_v though_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v judge_v great_a ignorance_n to_o make_v any_o doubt_n about_o it_o and_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o the_o certain_a boundary_n of_o that_o species_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v determine_v and_o the_o precise_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o make_v that_o nominal_a essence_n so_o far_o from_o be_v settle_v and_o perfect_o know_v that_o very_o material_a doubt_n may_v still_o arise_v about_o it_o and_o i_o imagine_v none_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n man_n we_o yet_o have_v nor_o description_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o animal_n so_o perfect_a and_o exact_a as_o to_o satisfy_v a_o considerate_a inquisitive_a person_n much_o less_o to_o obtain_v a_o general_a consent_n and_o to_o be_v that_o which_o man_n will_v everywhere_o stick_v by_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o case_n and_o determine_v of_o life_n and_o death_n baptism_n or_o no_o baptism_n in_o production_n that_o may_v happen_v §_o 27._o but_o though_o these_o nominal_a essence_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n they_o be_v not_o yet_o make_v so_o arbitrary_o as_o those_o of_o mix_a modes_n to_o the_o make_n of_o any_o nominal_a essence_n it_o be_v necessary_a first_o that_o the_o idea_n whereof_o it_o consist_v have_v such_o a_o union_n as_o to_o make_v but_o one_o idea_n how_o compound_v soever_o second_o that_o the_o particular_a idea_n so_o unite_v be_v exact_o the_o same_o neither_o more_o nor_o less_o for_o if_o two_o abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n differ_v either_o in_o number_n or_o sort_n of_o their_o component_a part_n they_o make_v two_o different_a and_o not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o essence_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o the_o mind_n in_o make_v its_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n only_o follow_v nature_n and_o put_v none_o together_o which_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o have_v a_o union_n in_o nature_n no_o body_n join_v the_o voice_n of_o a_o sheep_n with_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o horse_n nor_o the_o colour_n of_o lead_n with_o the_o weight_n and_o fixedness_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o any_o real_a substance_n unless_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o fill_v his_o head_n with_o chimaera_n and_o his_o discourse_n with_o unintelligible_a word_n man_n observe_v certain_a quality_n always_o join_v and_o exist_v together_o therein_o copy_v nature_n and_o of_o idea_n so_o unite_v make_v their_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o substance_n for_o though_o man_n may_v make_v what_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o please_v and_o give_v what_o name_n to_o they_o they_o will_v yet_o if_o they_o will_v be_v understand_v when_o they_o speak_v of_o thing_n real_o exist_v they_o must_v in_o some_o degree_n conform_v their_o idea_n to_o the_o thing_n they_o will_v speak_v of_o or_o else_o man_n language_n will_v be_v like_o that_o of_o babel_n and_o every_o man_n word_n be_v intelligible_a only_o to_o himself_o will_v no_o long_o serve_v to_o conversation_n and_o the_o ordinary_a affair_n of_o life_n if_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v not_o some_o way_n answer_v the_o common_a appearance_n and_o agreement_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o real_o exist_v §_o 28._o second_o though_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n in_o make_v its_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n never_o put_v any_o together_o that_o do_v not_o real_o or_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o co-exist_a and_o so_o it_o true_o borrow_v that_o union_n from_o nature_n yet_o the_o number_n it_o combine_v depend_v upon_o the_o various_a care_n industry_n or_o fancy_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o man_n general_o content_v themselves_o with_o some_o few_o sensible_a obvious_a quality_n and_o often_o if_o not_o always_o leave_v out_o other_o as_o material_a and_o as_o firm_o unite_v as_o those_o that_o they_o take_v of_o sensible_a substance_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n one_o of_o organise_v body_n which_o be_v propagate_v by_o seed_n and_o in_o these_o the_o shape_n be_v that_o which_o to_o we_o be_v the_o lead_a quality_n and_o most_o characteristical_a part_n that_o determine_v the_o species_n and_o therefore_o in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n a_o extend_a solid_a substance_n of_o such_o a_o certain_a figure_n usual_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o however_o some_o man_n seem_v to_o prize_v their_o definition_n of_o animal_n rationale_n yet_o shall_v there_o a_o creature_n be_v find_v that_o have_v language_n and_o reason_n but_o partake_v not_o of_o the_o usual_a shape_n of_o a_o man_n i_o believe_v it_o will_v hardly_o pass_v for_o a_o man_n how_o much_o soever_o it_o be_v animal_n rationale_n and_o if_o baalam_n ass_n have_v all_o his_o life_n discourse_v as_o rational_o as_o he_o do_v once_o with_o his_o master_n i_o doubt_v yet_o whether_o any_o one_o will_v have_v think_v he_o worthy_a the_o name_n man_n or_o allow_v he_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o himself_o as_o in_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n it_o be_v the_o shape_n so_o in_o most_o other_o body_n not_o propagate_v by_o seed_n it_o be_v the_o colour_n we_o most_o fix_v on_o and_o be_v most_o lead_v by_o thus_o where_o we_o
find_v the_o colour_n of_o gold_n we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v all_o the_o other_o quality_n comprehend_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o be_v there_o also_o and_o we_o common_o take_v these_o two_o obvious_a quality_n viz._n shape_n and_o colour_n for_o so_o presumptive_a idea_n of_o several_a species_n that_o in_o a_o good_a picture_n we_o ready_o say_v this_o be_v a_o lion_n and_o that_o a_o rose_n this_o be_v a_o gold_n and_o that_o a_o silver_n goblet_n only_o by_o the_o different_a figure_n and_o colour_n represent_v to_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o pencil_n §_o 29._o but_o though_o this_o serve_v well_o enough_o for_o gross_a and_o confuse_a conception_n and_o unaccurate_a way_n of_o talk_v and_o think_v yet_o man_n be_v far_o enough_o from_o have_v agree_v on_o the_o precise_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n or_o quality_n belong_v to_o any_o sort_n of_o thing_n signify_v by_o its_o name_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n since_o it_o require_v much_o time_n pain_n and_o skill_n strict_a enquiry_n and_o long_a examination_n to_o find_v out_o what_o and_o how_o many_o those_o simple_a idea_n be_v which_o be_v constant_o and_o inseparable_o unite_v in_o nature_n and_o be_v always_o to_o be_v find_v together_o in_o the_o same_o subject_a most_o man_n want_v either_o time_n inclination_n or_o industry_n enough_o for_o this_o even_o to_o some_o tolerable_a degree_n content_v themselves_o with_o some_o few_o obvious_a and_o outward_a appearance_n of_o thing_n thereby_o ready_o to_o distinguish_v and_o sort_v they_o for_o the_o common_a affair_n of_o life_n and_o so_o without_o far_a examination_n give_v they_o name_n or_o take_v up_o the_o name_n already_o in_o use_n which_o though_o in_o common_a conversation_n they_o pass_v well_o enough_o for_o the_o sign_n of_o some_o few_o obvious_a quality_n co-existing_a be_v yet_o far_o enough_o from_o comprehend_v in_o a_o settle_a signification_n a_o precise_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n much_o less_o all_o those_o which_o be_v unite_v in_o nature_n he_o that_o shall_v consider_v after_o so_o much_o stir_v about_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n and_o such_o a_o deal_n of_o talk_n of_o specific_a difference_n how_o few_o word_n we_o have_v yet_o settle_a definition_n of_o may_v with_o reason_n imagine_v that_o those_o form_n there_o have_v be_v so_o much_o noise_n make_v about_o be_v only_a chimera_n which_o give_v we_o no_o light_n into_o the_o specific_a nature_n of_o thingsâ—_n and_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v how_o far_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v from_o have_v signification_n wherein_o all_o who_o use_v they_o do_v agree_v will_v have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o though_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o substance_n be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v copy_v from_o natureâ—_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o or_o most_o of_o they_o very_o imperfect_a since_o the_o composition_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v in_o seveveral_a man_n very_o different_a and_o therefore_o that_o these_o boundary_n of_o species_n be_v as_o man_n and_o not_o as_o nature_n make_v they_o if_o at_o least_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n any_o such_o prefix_a bound_n it_o be_v true_a that_o many_o particular_a substance_n be_v so_o make_v by_o nature_n that_o they_o have_v agreement_n and_o likeness_n one_o with_o another_o and_o so_o afford_v a_o fundation_n of_o be_v rank_v into_o sort_n but_o the_o sort_n of_o thing_n by_o we_o or_o the_o make_n of_o determinate_a species_n be_v in_o order_n to_o name_v and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o general_a term_n i_o can_v see_v how_o it_o can_v be_v proper_o say_v that_o nature_n set_v the_o boundary_n of_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o our_o boundary_n of_o species_n be_v not_o exact_o conformable_a to_o those_o in_o nature_n for_o we_o have_v need_n of_o general_a name_n for_o present_a use_n stay_v not_o for_o a_o perfect_a discovery_n of_o all_o those_o quality_n which_o will_v best_o show_v we_o their_o most_o material_a difference_n and_o agreement_n but_o we_o ourselves_o divide_v they_o by_o certain_a obvious_a appearance_n into_o species_n that_o we_o may_v the_o easy_a under_o general_a name_n communicate_v about_o they_o for_o have_v no_o other_o knowledge_n of_o any_o substance_n but_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o it_o and_o observe_v several_a particular_a thing_n to_o agree_v with_o other_o in_o several_a of_o those_o simple_a idea_n we_o make_v that_o collection_n our_o specific_a idea_n and_o give_v it_o a_o general_a name_n that_o in_o record_v our_o own_o thought_n and_o discourse_n with_o other_o we_o may_v in_o one_o short_a word_n design_v all_o the_o individual_n that_o agree_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n without_o enumerate_v the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v it_o up_o and_o so_o not_o waste_v our_o time_n and_o breath_n in_o tedious_a description_n which_o we_o see_v they_o be_v fain_o to_o do_v who_o will_v discourse_v of_o any_o new_a sort_n of_o thing_n they_o have_v not_o yet_o a_o name_n for_o §_o 30._o but_o however_o these_o species_n of_o substance_n pass_v well_o enough_o in_o ordinary_a conversation_n it_o be_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n wherein_o they_o observe_v several_a individual_n to_o agree_v be_v by_o different_a man_n make_v very_o different_o by_o some_o more_o and_o other_o less_o accurate_o in_o some_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n contain_v a_o great_a and_o in_o other_o a_o small_a number_n of_o quality_n and_o so_o be_v apparent_o such_o as_o the_o mind_n make_v it_o the_o yellow_a shine_a colour_n make_v gold_n to_o child_n other_o add_v weight_n malleableness_n and_o fusibility_n and_o other_o yet_o other_o quality_n they_o find_v join_v with_o that_o yellow_a colour_n as_o constant_o as_o its_o weight_n or_o fusibility_n for_o in_o all_o these_o and_o the_o like_a quality_n one_o have_v as_o good_a a_o right_a to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o substance_n wherein_o they_o be_v all_o join_v as_o another_o and_o therefore_o different_a man_n leave_v out_o or_o put_v in_o several_a simple_a idea_n which_o other_o do_v not_o according_a to_o their_o various_a examination_n skill_n or_o observation_n of_o that_o subject_n have_v different_a essence_n of_o gold_n which_o must_v therefore_o be_v of_o their_o own_o and_o not_o of_o nature_n make_v §_o 31._o if_o the_o number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o the_o low_a species_n or_o first_o sort_v of_o individual_n depend_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n various_o collect_v they_o it_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a that_o they_o do_v so_o in_o the_o more_o comprehensive_a class_n which_o by_o the_o master_n of_o logic_n be_v call_v genera_n which_o be_v complex_fw-la idea_n design_o imperfect_a out_o of_o which_o be_v purposely_o leave_v out_o several_a of_o those_o quality_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o as_o the_o mind_n to_o make_v general_a idea_n comprehend_v several_a particular_n leave_v out_o those_o of_o time_n and_o place_n and_o such_o other_o that_o make_v they_o incommunicable_a to_o more_o than_o one_o individual_a so_o to_o make_v other_o yet_o more_o general_a idea_n that_o may_v comprehend_v different_a sort_n it_o leave_v out_o those_o quality_n that_o distinguish_v they_o and_o put_v into_o its_o new_a collection_n only_o such_o idea_n as_o be_v common_a to_o several_a sort_n the_o same_o convenience_n that_o make_v man_n express_v several_a parcel_n of_o yellow_a matter_n come_v from_o guiny_n and_o peru_n under_o one_o name_n set_v they_o also_o upon_o make_v of_o one_o name_n that_o may_v comprehend_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o some_o other_o body_n of_o different_a sort_n which_o it_o do_v by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o leave_v out_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o each_o sort_n and_o retain_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o those_o that_o be_v common_a to_o each_o species_n to_o which_o the_o name_n metal_n be_v annex_v there_o be_v a_o genus_fw-la constitute_v the_o essence_n whereof_o be_v that_o abstract_n idea_n contain_v only_a malleableness_n and_o fusibility_n with_o certain_a degree_n of_o weight_n and_o fixedness_n wherein_o body_n of_o several_a kind_n agree_v leave_v out_o the_o colour_n and_o other_o quality_n peculiar_a to_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o other_o sort_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n metal_n whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o man_n follow_v not_o exact_o the_o pattern_n set_v they_o by_o nature_n when_o they_o make_v their_o general_a idea_n of_o substance_n since_o there_o be_v no_o body_n to_o be_v find_v which_o have_v bare_o malleableness_n and_o fusibility_n in_o it_o without_o other_o quality_n as_o inseparable_a as_o those_o but_o man_n in_o make_v their_o general_a idea_n seek_v more_o the_o convenience_n of_o language_n and_o quick_a
conformable_a to_o this_o archetype_n and_o intend_v the_o name_n shall_v stand_v for_o a_o idea_n so_o conformable_a §_o 46._o this_o piece_n of_o matter_n thus_o denominate_v zahab_n by_o adam_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o any_o he_o have_v see_v before_o no_o body_n i_o think_v will_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a species_n and_o to_o have_v its_o peculiar_a essence_n and_o that_o the_o name_n zahab_n be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o species_n and_o a_o name_n belong_v to_o all_o thing_n partake_v in_o that_o essence_n but_o here_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o essence_n adam_n signify_v and_o make_v the_o name_n zahab_n stand_v for_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o body_n hard_a shine_a yellow_a and_o very_o heavy_a but_o the_o inquisitive_a mind_n of_o man_n not_o content_a with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o as_o i_o may_v say_v superficial_a quality_n put_v adam_n upon_o far_a examination_n of_o this_o matter_n he_o therefore_o knock_v and_o beat_v it_o with_o flint_n to_o see_v what_o be_v discoverable_a in_o the_o inside_n he_o find_v it_o yield_v to_o blow_n but_o not_o easy_o separate_v into_o piece_n he_o find_v it_o will_v bend_v without_o break_v be_v not_o now_o ductility_n to_o be_v add_v to_o his_o former_a idea_n and_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n that_o name_v zahab_n stand_v for_o farther_o trial_n discover_v fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n be_v not_o they_o also_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o any_o of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n zahab_n if_o not_o what_o reason_n will_v there_o be_v show_v more_o for_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o if_o these_o must_v than_o all_o the_o other_o property_n which_o any_o far_a trial_n shall_v discover_v in_o this_o matter_n aught_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o the_o name_n zahab_n stand_v for_o and_o so_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n mark_v by_o that_o name_n which_o property_n because_o they_o be_v endless_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o idea_n make_v after_o this_o fashion_n by_o this_o archetype_n will_v be_v always_o inadequate_a §_o 47._o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n will_v not_o only_o have_v as_o in_o truth_n they_o have_v but_o will_v also_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v different_a signification_n as_o use_v by_o different_a man_n which_o will_v very_o much_o cumber_v the_o use_n of_o language_n for_o if_o every_o distinct_a quality_n that_o be_v discover_v in_o any_o matter_n by_o any_o one_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o common_a name_n give_v it_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o man_n must_v suppose_v the_o same_o word_n to_o signify_v different_a thing_n in_o different_a man_n since_o they_o can_v doubt_v but_o different_a man_n may_v have_v discover_v several_a quality_n in_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n which_o other_o know_v nothing_o of_o §_o 48._o to_o avoid_v this_o therefore_o they_o have_v suppose_v a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o every_o species_n from_o which_o these_o property_n all_o flow_n and_o will_v have_v their_o name_n of_o the_o species_n stand_v for_o that_o but_o they_o not_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o that_o real_a essence_n in_o substance_n and_o their_o word_n signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n they_o have_v that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o this_o attempt_n be_v only_o to_o put_v the_o name_n or_o sound_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o the_o thing_n have_v that_o real_a essence_n without_o know_v what_o that_o real_a essence_n be_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o man_n do_v when_o they_o speak_v of_o species_n of_o thing_n as_o suppose_v they_o make_v by_o nature_n and_o distinguish_v by_o real_a essence_n §_o 49._o for_o let_v we_o consider_v when_o we_o affirm_v that_o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v either_o it_o mean_v that_o fixedness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n part_n of_o the_o nominal_a essence_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o and_o so_o this_o affirmation_n all_o gold_n be_v fix_v contain_v nothing_o but_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o term_n gold_n or_o else_o it_o mean_v that_o fixedness_n not_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n be_v a_o property_n of_o that_o substance_n itself_o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o word_n gold_n stand_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o substance_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n make_v by_o nature_n in_o which_o way_n of_o substitution_n it_o have_v so_o confuse_v and_o uncertain_a a_o signification_n that_o though_o this_o proposition_n gold_n be_v fix_v be_v in_o that_o sense_n a_o affirmation_n of_o something_o real_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o truth_n will_v always_o fail_v we_o in_o its_o particular_a application_n and_o so_o be_v of_o no_o real_a use_n nor_o certainty_n for_o let_v it_o be_v never_o so_o true_a that_o all_o god_n i._n e._n all_o that_o have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v fix_v what_o serve_v this_o for_o whilst_o we_o know_v not_o in_o this_o sense_n what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n for_o if_o we_o know_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v what_o parcel_n of_o matter_n have_v that_o essence_n and_o so_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a gold_n or_o no._n §_o 50._o to_o conclude_v what_o liberty_n adam_n have_v at_o first_o to_o make_v any_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n by_o no_o other_o pattern_n but_o by_o his_o own_o thought_n the_o same_o have_v all_o man_n ever_o since_o have_v and_o the_o same_o necessity_n of_o conform_v his_o idea_n of_o substance_n to_o thing_n without_o he_o as_o to_z archetype_n make_v by_o nature_n that_o adam_n be_v under_o if_o he_o will_v not_o wilful_o impose_v upon_o himself_o the_o same_o be_v all_o man_n ever_o since_o under_o too_o the_o same_o liberty_n also_o that_o adam_n have_v of_o affix_v any_o new_a name_n to_o any_o idea_n the_o same_o have_v any_o one_o still_o especial_o the_o beginner_n of_o language_n if_o we_o can_v imagine_v any_o such_o but_o only_a with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o place_n where_o man_n in_o society_n have_v already_o establish_v a_o language_n among_o they_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v very_o wary_o and_o spare_o to_o be_v alter_v because_o man_n be_v furnish_v already_o with_o name_n for_o their_o idea_n and_o common_a use_n have_v appropriate_v know_v name_n to_o certain_a idea_n a_o affect_a misapplication_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v very_o ridiculous_a he_o that_o have_v new_a notion_n will_n perhaps_o venture_v sometime_o on_o the_o coin_v new_a term_n to_o express_v they_o man_n think_v it_o a_o boldness_n and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o common_a use_n will_v ever_o make_v they_o pass_v for_o currant_n but_o in_o communication_n with_o other_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o conform_v the_o idea_n we_o make_v the_o vulgar_a word_n of_o any_o language_n stand_v for_o to_o their_o know_a proper_a signification_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v at_o large_a already_o or_o else_o to_o make_v know_v that_o new_a signification_n we_o apply_v they_o to_o chap._n vii_o of_o particle_n §_o 1._o beside_o word_n which_o be_v name_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o that_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o signify_v the_o connexion_n that_o the_o mind_n give_v to_o idea_n or_o proposition_n one_o with_o another_o the_o mind_n in_o communicate_v with_o other_o do_v not_o only_o need_v sign_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v then_o before_o it_o but_o other_o also_o to_o show_v or_o intimate_v some_o particular_a action_n of_o its_o own_o at_o that_o time_n relate_v to_o those_o idea_n this_o it_o do_v several_a way_n as_o be_v and_o be_v not_o be_v the_o general_a mark_n of_o the_o mind_n affirm_v or_o deny_v but_o beside_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n without_o which_o there_o be_v in_o word_n no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n the_o mind_n do_v in_o declare_v its_o sentiment_n to_o other_o connect_v not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o proposition_n but_o whole_a sentence_n one_o to_o another_o with_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o dependency_n to_o make_v a_o coherent_a discourse_n §_o 2._o the_o word_n whereby_o it_o signify_v what_o connexion_n it_o give_v to_o the_o several_a affirmation_n and_o negation_n that_o it_o unite_v in_o one_o continue_v reason_v or_o narration_n be_v general_o call_v particle_n and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o right_a use_n of_o these_o that_o more_o particular_o consist_v the_o clearness_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o good_a style_n to_o think_v well_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o a_o
the_o school_n have_v introduce_v animalitas_fw-la humanitas_fw-la corporietas_fw-la and_o some_o other_o yet_o they_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o infinite_a number_n of_o name_n of_o substance_n to_o which_o they_o never_o be_v ridiculous_a enough_o to_o attempt_v the_o coin_n of_o abstract_a one_o and_o those_o few_o that_o the_o school_n forge_v and_o put_v into_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o scholar_n can_v never_o yet_o get_v admittance_n into_o common_a use_n or_o obtain_v the_o licence_n of_o public_a approbation_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o least_o to_o intimate_v the_o confession_n of_o all_o mankind_n that_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o substance_n since_o they_o have_v not_o name_n for_o such_o idea_n which_o no_o doubt_n they_o will_v have_v have_v have_v not_o their_o consciousness_n to_o themselves_o of_o their_o ignorance_n of_o they_o keep_v they_o from_o so_o idle_a a_o attempt_n and_o therefore_o though_o they_o have_v idea_n enough_o to_o distinguish_v gold_n from_o a_o stone_n and_o metal_n from_o wood_n yet_o they_o but_o timerous_o venture_v on_o such_o term_n as_o aurietas_n and_o saxietas_fw-la metallietas_fw-la and_o lignietas_fw-la or_o the_o like_a name_n which_o shall_v pretend_v to_o signify_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o those_o substance_n whereof_o they_o know_v they_o have_v no_o idea_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n and_o the_o confidence_n of_o shameless_a pretender_n to_o a_o knowledge_n that_o they_o have_v not_o which_o first_o coin_v and_o then_o introduce_v animalitas_fw-la and_o humanitas_fw-la and_o the_o like_a which_o yet_o go_v very_o little_o far_o than_o their_o own_o school_n and_o can_v never_o get_v to_o be_v current_n among_o understanding_n men._n indeed_o humanitas_fw-la be_v a_o word_n familiar_a among_o the_o roman_n but_o in_o a_o far_o different_a sense_n and_o stand_v not_o for_o the_o abstract_n essence_n of_o any_o substance_n but_o be_v the_o abstract_n name_n of_o a_o mode_n and_o its_o concrete_a humanus_fw-la not_o homo_fw-la chap._n ix_o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n §_o 1._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v what_o imperfection_n there_o be_v in_o language_n and_o how_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o word_n make_v it_o almost_o unavoidable_a for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a in_o their_o signification_n to_o examine_v the_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n of_o word_n it_o be_v necessary_a first_o to_o consider_v their_o use_n and_o end_n for_o as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o fit_v to_o attain_v that_o so_o be_v they_o more_o or_o less_o perfect_a we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n often_o upon_o occasion_n mention_v a_o double_a use_n of_o word_n first_o one_o for_o the_o record_v of_o our_o own_o thought_n second_o the_o other_o for_o the_o communicate_v of_o our_o thought_n to_o other_o §_o 2._o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o record_v our_o own_o thought_n for_o the_o help_n of_o our_o own_o memory_n whereby_o as_o it_o be_v we_o talk_v to_o ourselves_o any_o word_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n for_o since_o sound_n be_v voluntary_a and_o indifferent_a sign_n of_o any_o idea_n a_o man_n may_v use_v what_o word_n he_o please_v to_o signify_v his_o own_o idea_n to_o himself_o and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o imperfection_n in_o they_o if_o he_o constant_o use_v the_o same_o sign_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n for_o than_o he_o can_v fail_v of_o have_v his_o meaning_n understand_v wherein_o consist_v the_o right_a use_n and_o perfection_n of_o language_n §_o 3._o second_o as_o to_o communication_n by_o word_n that_o too_o have_v a_o double_a use_n i._o civil_a ii_o philosophical_a first_o by_o their_o civil_a use_n i_o mean_v such_o a_o communication_n of_o thought_n and_o idea_n by_o word_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o uphold_v common_a conversation_n and_o commerce_n about_o the_o ordinary_a affair_n and_o conveniency_n of_o civil_a life_n in_o the_o society_n of_o man_n one_o among_o another_o second_o by_o the_o philosophical_a use_n of_o word_n i_o mean_v such_o a_o use_n of_o they_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o convey_v the_o precise_a notion_n of_o thing_n and_o to_o express_v in_o general_a proposition_n certain_a and_o undoubted_a truth_n which_o the_o mind_n may_v rest_v upon_o and_o be_v satisfy_v with_o in_o its_o search_n after_o true_a knowledge_n these_o two_o uses_n be_v very_o distinct_a and_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o exactness_n will_v serve_v in_o the_o one_o than_o in_o the_o other_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o what_o follow_v §_o 4._o the_o chief_a end_n of_o language_n in_o communication_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v word_n serve_v not_o well_o for_o that_o end_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o philosophical_a discourse_n when_o any_o word_n do_v not_o excite_v in_o the_o hearer_n the_o same_o idea_n which_o it_o stand_v for_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n now_o since_o sound_n have_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o our_o idea_n but_o have_v all_o their_o signification_n from_o the_o arbitrary_a imposition_n of_o man_n the_o doubtfulness_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o their_o signification_n which_o be_v the_o imperfection_n we_o here_o be_v speak_v of_o have_v its_o cause_n more_o in_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o than_o in_o any_o incapacity_n there_o be_v in_o one_o sound_v more_o than_o in_o another_o to_o signify_v any_o idea_n for_o in_o that_o regard_n they_o be_v all_o equal_o perfect_a that_o than_o which_o make_v doubtfulness_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o some_o word_n more_o than_o other_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o §_o 5._o word_n have_v natural_o no_o signification_n the_o idea_n which_o each_o stand_v for_o must_v be_v learned_a and_o retain_v by_o those_o who_o will_v exchange_v thought_n and_o hold_v intelligible_a discourse_n with_o other_o in_o any_o language_n but_o this_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v do_v where_o first_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v very_o complex_fw-la and_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o idea_n put_v together_o second_o where_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o have_v no_o certain_a connexion_n in_o nature_n and_o so_o no_o settle_a standard_n any_o where_o in_o nature_n exist_v to_o rectify_v and_o adjust_a they_o by_o three_o where_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o standard_n which_o standard_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v four_o where_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o exact_o the_o same_o these_o be_v difficulty_n that_o attend_v the_o signification_n of_o several_a word_n that_o be_v intelligible_a those_o which_o be_v not_o intelligible_a at_o all_o such_o as_o name_n stand_v for_o any_o simple_a idea_n which_o another_o have_v not_o organ_n or_o faculty_n to_o attain_v as_o the_o name_n of_o colour_n to_o a_o blind_a man_n or_o sound_v to_o a_o deaf_a man_n need_v not_o here_o be_v mention_v in_o all_o these_o case_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o imperfection_n in_o word_n which_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a explain_v in_o their_o particular_a application_n to_o our_o several_a sort_n of_o idea_n for_o if_o we_o examine_v they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v most_o liable_a to_o doubtfulness_n and_o imperfection_n for_o the_o two_o first_o of_o these_o reason_n and_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n chief_o for_o the_o two_o latter_a §_o 6._o first_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v many_o of_o they_o liable_a to_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o obscurity_n in_o their_o signification_n i._o because_o of_o that_o great_a composition_n these_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v often_o make_v up_o of_o to_o make_v word_n serviceable_a to_o the_o end_n of_o communication_n be_v necessary_a as_o have_v be_v say_v that_o they_o excite_v in_o the_o hearer_n exact_o the_o same_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n without_o this_o man_n fill_v one_o another_o head_n with_o noise_n and_o sound_n but_o convey_v not_o thereby_o their_o thought_n and_o lay_v not_o before_o one_o another_o their_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o discourse_n and_o language_n but_o when_o a_o word_n stand_v for_o a_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n that_o be_v compound_v and_o decompound_v it_o be_v not_o easy_a for_o man_n to_o form_n and_o retain_v that_o idea_n so_o exact_o as_o to_o make_v the_o name_n in_o common_a use_n stand_v for_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n without_o any_o the_o least_o variation_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n name_n of_o very_a compound_n ideas_n such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v moral_a word_n have_v seldom_o in_o two_o different_a man_n
the_o same_o precise_a signification_n since_o one_o man_n complex_fw-la idea_n seldom_o agree_v with_o another_o and_o often_o differ_v from_o his_o own_o from_o that_o which_o he_o have_v yesterday_o or_o will_v have_v to_o morrow_n §_o 7._o ii_o because_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n for_o the_o most_o part_n want_v standard_n in_o nature_n whereby_o man_n may_v rectify_v and_o adjust_a their_o signification_n therefore_o they_o be_v very_o various_a and_o doubtful_a they_o be_v assemblage_n of_o idea_n put_v together_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o mind_n pursue_v its_o own_o end_n of_o discourse_n and_o suit_v to_o its_o own_o notion_n whereby_o it_o design_v not_o to_o copy_v any_o thing_n real_o exist_v but_o to_o denominate_v and_o rank_a thing_n as_o they_o come_v to_o agree_v with_o those_o archetype_n or_o form_n it_o have_v make_v he_o that_o first_o bring_v the_o word_n shame_n wheedle_n or_o banter_n in_o use_n put_v together_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a those_o idea_n he_o make_v it_o stand_v for_o and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o any_o new_a name_n of_o modes_n that_o be_v now_o bring_v into_o any_o language_n so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o old_a one_o when_o they_o be_v first_o make_v use_n of_o name_n therefore_o that_o stand_v for_o collection_n of_o idea_n which_o the_o mind_n make_v at_o pleasure_n must_v needs_o be_v of_o doubtful_a signification_n when_o such_o collection_n be_v nowhere_o to_o be_v find_v constant_o unite_v in_o nature_n nor_o no_o pattern_n to_o be_v show_v whereby_o man_n may_v adjust_a themâ—_n what_o the_o word_n murder_n or_o sacrilege_n etc._n etc._n signify_v can_v never_o be_v know_v from_o thing_n themselves_o there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v not_o visible_a in_o the_o action_n itself_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o the_o relation_n of_o holy_a thing_n which_o make_v a_o part_n of_o murder_n or_o sacrilege_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o the_o outward_a and_o visible_a action_n of_o he_o that_o commit_v either_o and_o the_o pull_v the_o trigger_n of_o the_o gun_n with_o which_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v and_o be_v all_o the_o action_n that_o perhaps_o be_v visible_a have_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o those_o other_o idea_n that_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o name_v murtherâ—_n â—_z they_o have_v their_o union_n and_o combination_n only_o from_o the_o understanding_n â—hich_v unite_v they_o under_o one_o name_n but_o unite_n they_o without_o any_o rule_n or_o pattern_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o such_o voluntary_a collection_n shall_v be_v often_o various_a in_o the_o mind_n of_o different_a man_n who_o have_v scarce_o any_o stand_a rule_n to_o regulate_v themselves_o and_o their_o notion_n of_o such_o arbitrary_a idea_n by_o §_o 8._o it_o be_v true_a common_a use_n that_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o propriety_n may_v be_v suppose_v here_o to_o afford_v some_o aid_n to_o settle_v the_o signification_n of_o language_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o some_o measure_n it_o do_v common_a use_n regulate_v the_o mean_v of_o word_n pretty_a well_o for_o common_a conversation_n but_o no_o body_n have_v a_o authority_n to_o establish_v the_o precise_a signification_n of_o word_n nor_o determine_v to_o what_o idea_n any_o one_o shall_v annex_v they_o common_a use_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o adjust_a they_o to_o philosophical_a discourse_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o name_n of_o any_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o which_o in_o common_a use_n have_v not_o a_o great_a latitude_n and_o which_o keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o propriety_n may_v not_o be_v make_v the_o sign_n of_o far_o different_a idea_n beside_o the_o rule_n and_o measure_n propriety_n of_o itself_o be_v no_o where_o establish_v it_o be_v often_o matter_n of_o dispute_n whether_o this_o or_o that_o way_n of_o use_v a_o word_n be_v propriety_n of_o speech_n or_o noâ—_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o name_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n be_v natural_o liable_a to_o this_o imperfection_n to_o be_v of_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n and_o even_o in_o man_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v one_o another_o do_v not_o always_o stand_v for_o the_o same_o idea_n in_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n though_o the_o name_n glory_n and_o gratitude_n be_v the_o same_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n through_o a_o whole_a country_n yet_o the_o complex_fw-la collective_a idea_n which_o every_o one_o think_v on_o or_o intend_v by_o that_o name_n be_v apparent_o very_o different_a by_o man_n use_v the_o same_o language_n §_o 9_o the_o way_n also_o wherein_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v ordinary_o learn_v do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o the_o doubtfulness_n of_o their_o signification_n for_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v how_o child_n learn_v language_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v what_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n or_o substance_n stand_v for_o people_z ordinary_o show_v they_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o will_v have_v they_o have_v the_o idea_n and_o then_o repeat_v to_o they_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o it_o as_o white_a sweet_a milk_n sugar_n cat_n dog_n but_o as_o for_o mix_a modes_n especial_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o moral_a word_n the_o sound_n be_v usual_o learn_v first_o and_o then_o to_o know_v what_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o stand_v for_o they_o be_v either_o behold_v to_o the_o explication_n of_o other_o or_o which_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v lest_o to_o their_o own_o observation_n and_o industry_n which_o be_v little_o lay_v out_o in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o true_a and_o precise_a meaning_n of_o name_n these_o moral_a word_n be_v in_o most_o man_n mouth_n little_o more_o than_o bare_a sound_n or_o when_o they_o have_v any_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o a_o very_a obscure_a and_o confuse_a signification_n and_o even_o those_o themselves_o who_o have_v with_o more_o attention_n settle_v their_o notion_n do_v yet_o hardly_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n to_o have_v they_o stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n different_a from_o those_o which_o other_o even_o intelligent_a and_o studious_a man_n make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o where_o shall_v one_o find_v any_o either_o controversial_a debate_n or_o familiar_a discourse_n concern_v honour_n faith_n grace_n religion_n church_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o observe_v the_o different_a notion_n man_n have_v of_o they_o which_o be_v nothing_o but_o this_o that_o they_o be_v not_o agree_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n have_v not_o the_o same_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o make_v they_o stand_v for_o and_o so_o all_o the_o contest_v that_o follow_v thereupon_o be_v only_o about_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o sound_n and_o hence_o we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o law_n whether_o divine_a or_o (null)_o there_o be_v no_o end_n comment_n beget_v comment_n and_o explication_n make_v new_a matter_n for_o explication_n and_o of_o limit_v distinguish_a vary_v the_o signification_n of_o these_o moral_a word_n there_o be_v no_o end_n these_o idea_n of_o man_n make_v be_v by_o man_n still_o have_v the_o same_o power_n multiply_v in_o infinitum_fw-la many_o a_o man_n who_o be_v pretty_a well_o satisfy_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o text_n of_o scripture_n or_o clause_n in_o the_o code_n at_o first_o read_v have_v by_o consult_v commentator_n quite_o lose_v the_o sense_n of_o it_o and_o by_o those_o elucidation_n give_v rise_v or_o increase_v to_o his_o doubt_n and_o draw_v obscurity_n upon_o the_o place_n i_o say_v not_o this_o that_o i_o think_v commentary_n needless_a but_o to_o show_v how_o uncertain_a the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n natural_o be_v even_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o thâ—se_a who_o have_v both_o the_o intention_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o speak_v as_o clear_o as_o language_n be_v capable_a to_o express_v their_o thought_n §_o 10._o what_o obscurity_n this_o have_v unavoidable_o bring_v upon_o the_o write_n of_o man_n who_o have_v live_v in_o remote_a age_n and_o different_a country_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o take_v notice_n since_o the_o numerous_a volume_n of_o learned_a man_n employ_v their_o thought_n that_o way_n be_v proof_n more_o than_o enough_o to_o show_v what_o attention_n study_n sagacity_n and_o reason_v be_v require_v to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a mean_v of_o ancient_a author_n but_o there_o be_v no_o write_n we_o have_v any_o great_a concernment_n to_o be_v very_o solicitous_a about_o the_o meaning_n of_o but_o those_o that_o contain_v either_o truth_n we_o be_v require_v to_o believe_v or_o law_n we_o be_v to_o obey_v and_o draw_v inconvenience_n on_o we_o when_o we_o mistake_v
for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o substance_n for_o when_o a_o man_n say_v gold_n be_v malleable_a he_o mean_v and_o will_v insinuate_v something_o more_o than_o this_o that_o what_o i_o call_v gold_n be_v malleable_a though_o true_o it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o will_v have_v this_o understand_v viz._n that_o gold_n i._n e._n what_o have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v malleable_a which_o amount_v to_o thus_o much_o that_o malleableness_n depend_v on_o and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n but_o a_o man_n not_o know_v wherein_o that_o real_a essence_n consist_v the_o connexion_n in_o his_o mind_n of_o malleableness_n be_v not_o true_o with_o a_o essence_n he_o know_v not_o but_o only_o with_o the_o sound_a gold_n he_o put_v for_o it_o thus_o when_o we_o say_v that_o animal_n rationale_fw-la be_v and_o animal_n implume_v bibes_fw-la latis_fw-la unguibus_fw-la be_v not_o a_o good_a definition_n of_o a_o man_n it_o be_v plain_a we_o suppose_v the_o name_n man_n in_o this_o case_n to_o stand_v for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o species_n and_o will_v signify_v that_o a_o rational_a animal_n better_o describe_v that_o real_a essence_n than_o a_o two-legged_a animal_n with_o broad_a nail_n and_o without_o feather_n for_o else_o why_o may_v not_o plato_n as_o proper_o make_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o man_n stand_v for_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o body_n distinguish_v from_o other_o by_o a_o certain_a shape_n and_o other_o outward_a appearance_n as_o aristotle_n make_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o man_n of_o body_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v join_v together_o unless_o the_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v for_o something_o else_o than_o what_o it_o signify_v and_o the_o idea_n a_o man_n profess_v he_o will_v express_v by_o it_o §_o 18._o it_o be_v true_a the_o name_n of_o substance_n will_v be_v much_o more_o useful_a and_o proposition_n make_v in_o they_o much_o more_o certain_a be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o substance_n the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n which_o those_o word_n signify_v and_o it_o be_v for_o want_v of_o those_o real_a essence_n that_o our_o word_n convey_v so_o little_a knowledge_n or_o certainty_n in_o our_o discourse_n about_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o mind_n to_o remove_v that_o imperfection_n as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v make_v they_o by_o a_o secret_a supposition_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o thing_n have_v that_o real_a essence_n as_o if_o thereby_o it_o make_v some_o near_a approach_n to_o it_o for_o though_o the_o word_n man_n or_o gold_n signify_v nothing_o true_o but_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o property_n unite_v together_o in_o one_o sort_n of_o substance_n yet_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o body_n in_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n but_o often_o suppose_v each_o of_o those_o name_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o thing_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n on_o which_o those_o property_n depend_v which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o diminish_v the_o imperfection_n of_o our_o word_n that_o by_o a_o plain_a abuse_n it_o add_v to_o it_o when_o we_o will_v make_v they_o stand_v for_o something_o which_o not_o be_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o name_n we_o use_v can_v no_o way_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o §_o 19_o this_o show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o mix_v modes_n any_o of_o the_o idea_n that_o make_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v leave_v out_o or_o change_v it_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v another_o thing_n i._n e._n to_o be_v of_o another_o species_n as_o be_v plain_a in_o chance-medley_o manslaughter_n murder_n parricide_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o that_o name_n be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n and_o there_o be_v no_o secret_a reference_n of_o that_o name_n to_o any_o other_o essence_n but_o that_o but_o in_o substance_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o though_o in_o that_o call_v gold_n one_o put_v into_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n what_o another_o leave_v out_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la yet_o man_n do_v not_o usual_o think_v that_o therefore_o the_o species_n be_v change_v because_o they_o secret_o in_o their_o mind_n refer_v that_o name_n and_o suppose_v it_o annex_v to_o a_o real_a immutable_a essence_n of_o a_o thing_n exist_v on_o which_o those_o property_n depend_v he_o that_o add_v to_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n that_o of_o fixedness_n or_o solubility_n in_o aq_n regius_fw-la which_o he_o put_v not_o in_o it_o before_o be_v not_o think_v to_o have_v change_v the_o species_n but_o only_o to_o have_v a_o more_o perfect_a idea_n by_o add_v another_o which_o be_v always_o in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la join_v with_o those_o other_o of_o which_o his_o former_a complex_fw-la idea_n consist_v but_o this_o reference_n of_o the_o name_n to_o a_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v not_o the_o idea_n be_v so_o far_o from_o help_v at_o all_o that_o it_o only_o serve_v the_o more_o to_o involve_v we_o in_o difficulty_n for_o by_o this_o tacit_n reference_n to_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o species_n of_o body_n the_o word_n gold_n which_o by_o stand_v for_o a_o more_o or_o less_o perfect_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n serve_v to_o design_n that_o sort_n of_o body_n well_o enough_o in_o civil_a discourse_n come_v to_o have_v no_o signification_n at_o all_o be_v put_v for_o somewhat_o whereof_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o and_o so_o can_v signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o when_o the_o body_n itself_o be_v away_o for_o however_o it_o may_v be_v think_v all_o one_o yet_o if_o well_o consider_v it_o will_v be_v find_v a_o quite_o different_a thing_n to_o argue_v about_o gold_n in_o name_n and_o about_o a_o parcel_n of_o the_o body_n itself_o v_o g._n a_o piece_n of_o leaf-gold_n lay_v before_o we_o though_o in_o discourse_n we_o be_v fain_o to_o substitute_v the_o name_n for_o the_o thing_n §_o 20._o that_o which_o i_o think_v very_o much_o dispose_v man_n to_o substitute_v their_o name_n for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o species_n be_v the_o supposition_n before_o mention_v that_o nature_n work_v regular_o in_o the_o production_n of_o thing_n and_o set_v the_o boundary_n to_o each_o of_o those_o species_n by_o give_v exact_o the_o same_o real_a internal_a constitution_n to_o each_o individual_a which_o we_o rank_n under_o one_o general_a name_n whereas_o any_o one_o who_o observe_v their_o different_a quality_n can_v hardly_o doubt_v that_o many_o of_o the_o individual_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n be_v in_o their_o internal_a constitution_n as_o different_a one_o from_o another_o as_o several_a of_o those_o which_o be_v rank_v under_o different_a specific_a name_n this_o supposition_n however_o that_o the_o same_o precise_a internal_a constitution_n go_v always_o with_o the_o same_o specific_a name_n make_v man_n forward_o to_o take_v those_o name_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o those_o real_a essence_n though_o indeed_o they_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o have_v in_o their_o mind_n when_o they_o use_v they_o so_o that_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v signify_v one_o thing_n and_o be_v suppose_v for_o or_o put_v in_o the_o place_n of_o another_o they_o can_v but_z in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o use_n cause_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o uncertainty_n in_o man_n discourse_n especial_o in_o those_o who_o have_v thorough_o imbibe_v the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n whereby_o they_o firm_o imagine_v the_o several_a species_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v determine_v and_o distinguish_v §_o 21._o but_o however_o preposterous_a and_o absurd_a it_o be_v to_o make_v our_o name_n stand_v for_o idea_n we_o have_v not_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o essence_n that_o we_o know_v not_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o make_v our_o word_n the_o sign_n of_o nothing_o yet_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o whoever_o so_o little_o reflect_v on_o the_o use_n man_n make_v of_o their_o word_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o familiar_a when_o a_o man_n ask_v whether_o this_o or_o that_o thing_n he_o see_v let_v it_o be_v a_o drill_n or_o a_o monstrous_a foetus_fw-la be_v a_o man_n or_o no_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o that_o particular_a thing_n agree_v to_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n express_v by_o the_o name_n man_n but_o whether_o it_o have_v in_o it_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n which_o he_o suppose_v his_o name_n man_n to_o stand_v for_o in_o which_o way_n of_o use_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n there_o be_v these_o false_a supposition_n contain_v first_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a
right_a construction_n of_o grammatical_a rule_n or_o the_o harmony_n of_o well_o turn_v period_n do_v yet_o amount_v to_o nothing_o but_o bare_a sound_n and_o nothing_o else_o §_o 27._o second_o he_o that_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o particular_a name_n for_o they_o will_v be_v in_o no_o better_a a_o case_n than_o a_o bookseller_n who_o have_v in_o his_o warehouse_n volume_n that_o lay_v there_o unbound_v and_o without_o title_n which_o he_o can_v therefore_o make_v know_v to_o other_o only_o by_o show_v the_o loose_a sheet_n and_o communicate_v they_o only_o by_o tale._n this_o man_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o discourse_n for_o want_v of_o word_n to_o communicate_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o be_v therefore_o force_v to_o make_v know_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o simple_a one_o that_o compose_v they_o and_o so_o be_v say_v often_o to_o use_v twenty_o word_n to_o express_v what_o another_o man_n signify_v in_o one_o §_o 28._o three_o he_o that_o use_v not_o constant_o the_o same_o sign_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n but_o use_v the_o same_o word_n sometime_o in_o one_o and_o sometime_o in_o another_o signification_n aught_o to_o pass_v in_o the_o school_n and_o conversation_n for_o as_o fair_a a_o man_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o market_n and_o exchange_n who_o sell_v several_a thing_n under_o the_o same_o name_n §_o 29._o four_o he_o that_o apply_v the_o word_n of_o any_o language_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o those_o to_o which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o that_o country_n apply_v they_o however_o his_o own_o understanding_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o truth_n and_o light_n will_v not_o by_o such_o word_n be_v able_a to_o convey_v one_o jot_n of_o it_o to_o other_o without_o define_v for_o however_o the_o sound_n be_v such_o as_o be_v familiar_o know_v and_o easy_o enter_v the_o ear_n of_o those_o who_o be_v accustom_v to_o they_o yet_o stand_v for_o other_o idea_n than_o they_o usual_o make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o they_o can_v make_v know_v his_o thought_n who_o use_v they_o §_o 30._o five_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n which_o never_o exist_v nor_o have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o give_v settle_v and_o define_v name_n may_v fill_v his_o discourse_n and_o perhaps_o another_o man_n head_n with_o the_o fantastical_a imagination_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n but_o will_v be_v very_o far_o from_o advance_v thereby_o one_o jot_n in_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n §_o 31._o he_o that_o have_v name_n without_o idea_n want_v meaning_n in_o his_o word_n and_o speak_v only_o empty_a sound_n he_o that_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o name_n for_o they_o want_v liberty_n and_o dispatch_v in_o his_o expression_n and_o be_v necessitate_v to_o use_v periphrasis_n he_o that_o use_v his_o word_n loose_o and_o unsteady_o will_v either_o be_v not_o mind_v or_o not_o understand_v he_o that_o apply_v his_o name_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o their_o common_a use_n want_v propriety_n in_o his_o language_n and_o speak_v gibberish_n and_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n disagree_v with_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n so_o far_o want_v the_o material_n of_o true_a knowledge_n in_o his_o understanding_n and_o have_v instead_o thereof_o chimera_n §_o 32._o in_o our_o notion_n concern_v substance_n we_o be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o former_a inconvenience_n v_o g._n 1._o he_o that_o use_v the_o word_n tarantula_n without_o have_v any_o imagination_n or_o idea_n of_o what_o it_o stand_v for_o pronounce_v a_o good_a word_n but_o so_o long_o mean_v nothing_o at_o all_o by_o it_o 2._o he_o that_o in_o a_o new-discovered_n country_n shall_v see_v several_a sort_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n unknown_a to_o he_o before_o may_v have_v as_o true_a idea_n of_o they_o as_o of_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o stag_n but_o can_v speak_v of_o they_o only_o by_o a_o description_n till_o he_o shall_v either_o take_v the_o name_n the_o native_n call_v they_o by_o or_o give_v they_o one_o himself_o 3._o he_o that_o use_v the_o word_n body_n sometime_o for_o pure_a extension_n and_o sometime_o for_o extension_n and_o solidity_n together_o will_v talk_v very_o fallacious_o 4._o he_o that_o give_v the_o name_n horse_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o common_a usage_n call_v mule_n talk_v improper_o and_o will_v not_o be_v understand_v 5._o he_o that_o think_v the_o name_n centaur_n stand_v for_o some_o real_a be_v impose_v on_o himself_o and_o mistake_v word_n for_o thing_n §_o 33._o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n general_o we_o be_v liable_a only_o to_o the_o four_o first_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n viz._n 1._o i_o may_v have_v in_o my_o memory_n the_o name_n of_o modes_n as_o gratitude_n or_o charity_n and_o yet_o not_o have_v any_o precise_a idea_n annex_v in_o my_o thought_n to_o those_o name_n 2._o i_o may_v have_v idea_n and_o not_o know_v the_o name_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o v_o g._n i_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n drink_v till_o his_o colour_n and_o humour_n be_v alter_v till_o his_o tongue_n trip_v and_o his_o eye_n look_v red_a and_o his_o foot_n fail_v he_o and_o yet_o not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v drunkenness_n 3._o i_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o virtue_n or_o vice_n and_o name_n also_o but_o apply_v they_o amiss_o v_o g._n when_o i_o apply_v the_o name_n frugality_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o other_o call_v and_o signify_v by_o this_o sound_n covetousness_n 4._o i_o may_v use_v any_o of_o those_o name_n with_o inconstancy_n 5._o but_o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n i_o can_v have_v idea_n disagree_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n for_o modes_n be_v complex_fw-la ideas_n make_v by_o the_o mind_n at_o pleasure_n and_o relation_n be_v but_o my_o way_n of_o consider_v or_o compare_v two_o thing_n together_o and_o so_o also_o a_o idea_n oâ—_n my_o own_o make_n these_o idea_n can_v scarce_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v with_o any_o thing_n exist_v since_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o copy_n of_o thing_n regular_o make_v by_o nature_n nor_o as_o property_n inseparable_o slow_v from_o the_o internal_a constitution_n or_o essence_n of_o any_o substance_n but_o as_o it_o be_v pattern_n lodge_v in_o my_o memory_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o to_o denominate_v action_n and_o relation_n by_o as_o they_o come_v to_o exist_v but_o the_o mistake_n be_v common_o in_o my_o give_v a_o wrong_a name_n to_o my_o conception_n and_o so_o use_v word_n in_o a_o different_a sense_n from_o other_o people_n i_o be_o not_o understand_v but_o be_o think_v to_o have_v wrong_a idea_n of_o they_o when_o i_o give_v wrong_a name_n to_o they_o only_o if_o i_o put_v in_o my_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n or_o relation_n any_o inconsistent_a idea_n together_o i_o fill_v my_o head_n also_o with_o chimera_n since_o such_o idea_n if_o well_o examine_v can_v so_o much_o as_o exist_v in_o the_o mind_n much_o less_o any_o real_a be_v be_v ever_o denominate_v from_o they_o §_o 34._o since_o wit_n and_o fancy_n find_v easy_a entertainment_n in_o the_o world_n than_o dry_a truth_n and_o real_a knowledge_n figurative_a speech_n and_o allusion_n in_o language_n will_v hardly_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o imperfection_n or_o abuse_n of_o it_o i_o confess_v in_o discourse_n where_o we_o seek_v rather_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n than_o information_n and_o improvement_n such_o ornament_n as_o be_v borrow_v from_o they_o can_v scarce_o pass_v for_o fault_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v we_o must_v allow_v that_o all_o the_o art_n of_o rhetoric_n beside_o order_n and_o clearness_n all_o the_o artificial_a and_o figurative_a application_n of_o word_n eloquence_n have_v invent_v be_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o insinuate_v wrong_a idea_n move_v the_o passion_n and_o thereby_o mislead_v the_o judgement_n and_o so_o indeed_o be_v perfect_a cheat_n and_o therefore_o however_o laudable_a or_o allowable_a oratory_n may_v render_v they_o in_o harangue_n and_o popular_a address_n they_o be_v certain_o in_o all_o discourse_n that_o pretend_v to_o inform_v and_o instruct_v whole_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o where_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v concern_v can_v but_o be_v think_v a_o great_a fault_n either_o of_o the_o language_n or_o person_n that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o what_o and_o how_o various_a they_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o take_v notice_n the_o book_n of_o rhetoric_n which_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n will_v inform_v those_o who_o want_v to_o be_v inform_v only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v how_o little_a the_o preservation_n and_o improvement_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v the_o care_n and_o concern_v of_o mankind_n since_o the_o art_n of_o fallacy_n be_v endow_v and_o prefer_v and_o it_o
be_v plain_a how_o much_o man_n love_v to_o deceive_v and_o be_v deceive_v since_o the_o great_a art_n of_o deceit_n and_o error_n rhetoric_n i_o mean_v have_v its_o establish_a professor_n be_v public_o teach_v and_o have_v always_o be_v have_v in_o great_a reputation_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v think_v great_a boldness_n if_o not_o brutality_n in_o i_o to_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o against_o it_o eloquence_n like_o the_o fair_a sex_n have_v too_o prevail_a beauty_n in_o it_o to_o suffer_v itself_o ever_o to_o be_v speak_v against_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o find_v fault_n with_o those_o art_n of_o deceive_v wherein_o man_n find_v pleasure_n to_o be_v deceive_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o forego_n imperfection_n and_o abuse_n §_o 1._o the_o natural_a and_o improve_v imperfection_n of_o language_n we_o have_v see_v above_o at_o large_a and_o speech_n be_v the_o great_a bond_n that_o hold_v society_n together_o and_o the_o common_a conduit_n whereby_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v convey_v from_o one_o man_n and_o one_o generation_n to_o another_o it_o will_v well_o deserve_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n to_o consider_v what_o remedy_n be_v to_o be_v find_v for_o these_o inconvenience_n abovementioned_a §_o 2._o i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o any_o one_o can_v pretend_v to_o attempt_v the_o perfect_a reform_v the_o language_n of_o the_o world_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o of_o his_o own_o country_n without_o render_v himself_o ridiculous_a to_o require_v that_o man_n shall_v use_v their_o word_n all_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o for_o clear_a distinct_a and_o uniform_a idea_n will_v be_v to_o think_v that_o all_o man_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o shall_v talk_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v by_o any_o one_o who_o have_v not_o vanity_n enough_o to_o imagine_v he_o can_v prevail_v with_o man_n to_o be_v very_o know_v or_o very_o silent_a and_o he_o must_v be_v little_a skill_a in_o the_o world_n who_o think_v that_o a_o voluble_a tongue_n shall_v accompany_v only_o a_o good_a understanding_n or_o that_o man_n talk_v much_o or_o little_a shall_v hold_v proportion_n only_o to_o their_o knowledge_n §_o 3._o but_o though_o the_o market_n and_o exchange_n must_v be_v lest_o to_o their_o own_o way_n of_o talk_v and_o gossip_n not_o rob_v of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n though_o the_o school_n and_o man_n of_o argument_n will_v perhaps_o take_v it_o amiss_o to_o have_v any_o thing_n offer_v to_o abate_v the_o length_n or_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o their_o dispute_n yet_o methinks_v those_o who_o pretend_v serious_o to_o search_v after_o or_o maintain_v truth_n shall_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o study_v how_o they_o may_v deliver_v themselves_o without_o obscurity_n doubtfulness_n or_o equivocation_n to_o which_o man_n word_n be_v natural_o liable_a if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v §_o 4._o for_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o consider_v the_o error_n and_o obscurity_n the_o mistake_v and_o confusion_n that_o be_v spread_v in_o the_o world_n by_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n will_v find_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_n whether_o language_n as_o it_o have_v be_v employ_v have_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o improvement_n or_o hindrance_n of_o knowledge_n among_o mankind_n how_o many_o be_v there_o that_o when_o they_o will_v think_v on_o thing_n fix_v their_o thought_n only_o on_o word_n especial_o when_o they_o will_v apply_v their_o mind_n to_o moral_a matter_n and_o who_o then_o can_v wonder_v if_o the_o result_n of_o such_o contemplation_n and_o reason_n about_o little_a more_o than_o sound_v whilst_o the_o idea_n they_o annex_v to_o they_o be_v very_o confuse_v or_o very_o unsteady_a or_o perhaps_o none_o at_o all_o who_o can_v wonder_v i_o say_v that_o such_o thought_n and_o reason_n end_n in_o nothing_o but_o obscurity_n and_o mistake_v without_o any_o clear_a judgement_n or_o knowledge_n §_o 5._o this_o inconvenience_n in_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n man_n suffer_v in_o their_o own_o private_a meditation_n but_o much_o more_o manifest_a be_v the_o disorder_n which_o follow_v from_o it_o in_o conversation_n discourse_n and_o arguing_n with_o other_o for_o language_n be_v the_o great_a conduit_n whereby_o man_n convey_v their_o discovery_n reason_n and_o knowledge_n from_o one_o to_o another_o he_o that_o make_v a_o ill_a use_n of_o it_o though_o he_o do_v not_o corrupt_v the_o fountain_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v in_o thing_n themselves_o yet_o he_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v break_v or_o stop_v the_o pipe_n whereby_o it_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o public_a use_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n he_o that_o use_v word_n without_o any_o clear_a and_o steady_a meaning_n what_o do_v he_o but_o lead_v himself_o and_o other_o into_o error_n and_o he_o that_o design_o do_v it_o aught_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o yet_o who_o can_v wonder_v that_o all_o the_o science_n and_o part_n of_o knowledge_n have_v be_v so_o overcharge_v with_o obscure_a and_o equivocal_a term_n and_o insignificant_a and_o doubtful_a expression_n capable_a to_o make_v the_o most_o attentive_a or_o quick-sighted_a very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o the_o more_o know_v or_o orthodox_n since_o subtlety_n in_o those_o who_o make_v profession_n to_o teâ—ch_v or_o defend_v truth_n have_v pass_v so_o much_o for_o a_o virtue_n a_o virtue_n indeed_o which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o nothing_o but_o the_o fallacious_a and_o illusory_a use_n of_o obscure_a or_o deceitful_a term_n be_v only_o fit_a to_o make_v man_n more_o conceit_v in_o their_o ignorance_n and_o obstinate_a in_o their_o error_n §_o 6._o let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o book_n of_o controversy_n of_o any_o kind_n there_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o obscure_a unsteady_a or_o equivocal_a term_n be_v nothing_o but_o noise_n and_o wrangle_n about_o sound_n without_o convince_a or_o better_v a_o man_n understanding_n for_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n for_o which_o the_o word_n stand_v the_o argument_n be_v not_o about_o thing_n but_o name_n as_o often_o as_o such_o a_o word_n who_o signification_n be_v not_o ascertain_v betwixt_o they_o come_v in_o use_n their_o understanding_n have_v no_o other_o object_n wherein_o they_o agree_v but_o bare_o the_o sound_n the_o thing_n that_o they_o think_v on_o at_o that_o time_n as_o express_v by_o that_o word_n be_v quite_o different_a §_o 7._o whether_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n or_o no_o be_v not_o a_o question_n whether_o a_o bat_n be_v another_o thing_n than_o indeed_o it_o be_v or_o have_v other_o quality_n than_o indeed_o it_o have_v for_o that_o will_v be_v extreme_o absurd_a to_o doubt_v of_o but_o the_o question_n be_v 1._o either_o between_o those_o that_o acknowledge_v themselves_o to_o have_v but_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o one_o or_o both_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o thing_n for_o which_o these_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v and_o than_o it_o be_v a_o real_a enquiry_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o bird_n or_o a_o bat_n to_o make_v their_o yet_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o it_o more_o complete_a by_o examine_v whether_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n to_o which_o combine_v together_o they_o both_o give_v the_o name_n bird_n be_v all_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o bat_n but_o this_o be_v a_o question_n only_o of_o enquirer_n not_o disputer_n who_o neither_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v but_o examine_v or_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o question_n between_o disputant_n whereof_o the_o one_o affirm_v and_o the_o other_o deny_v that_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n and_o then_o the_o question_n be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o one_o or_o both_o these_o word_n in_o that_o they_o not_o have_v both_o the_o same_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v these_o two_o name_n one_o hold_v and_o other_o deny_v that_o these_o two_o name_n may_v be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v they_o agree_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o these_o two_o name_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v dispute_v about_o they_o for_o they_o will_v present_o and_o clear_o see_v be_v that_o adjust_v between_o they_o whether_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o more_o general_a name_n bird_n be_v find_v in_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o bat_n or_o no_o and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n whether_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n or_o no._n and_o here_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v and_o careful_o examine_v whether_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dispute_n in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o mere_o verbal_a and_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o that_o if_o
reason_n that_o make_v the_o define_n of_o mix_a modes_n so_o necessary_a especial_o of_o moral_a word_n be_v what_o i_o mention_v a_o little_a before_o and_o that_o be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o only_a way_n whereby_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o most_o of_o they_o can_v be_v know_v with_o certainty_n for_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o who_o component_a part_n nowhere_o exist_v together_o but_o scatter_v and_o mingle_v with_o other_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n alone_o that_o collect_v they_o and_o give_v they_o the_o union_n of_o one_o idea_n and_o it_o be_v only_o by_o word_n enumerate_v the_o several_a simple_a idea_n which_o the_o mind_n have_v unite_v that_o we_o can_v make_v know_v to_o other_o what_o their_o name_n stand_v for_o and_o not_o by_o any_o application_n to_o the_o sense_n as_o we_o can_v do_v in_o sensible_a simple_a idea_n and_o also_o to_o some_o degree_n in_o substance_n §_o 19_o three_o for_o the_o explain_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o stand_v for_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o their_o distinct_a species_n both_o the_o forementioned_a way_n viz._n of_o show_v and_o define_v be_v requisite_a in_o many_o case_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o there_o be_v ordinary_o in_o each_o sort_v some_o lead_a quality_n to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o other_o which_o make_v up_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o species_n annex_v we_o give_v the_o name_n to_o some_o quality_n or_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o most_o observable_a and_o we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o most_o distinguish_a idea_n of_o that_o species_n these_o lead_v or_o characteristical_a as_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o idea_n in_o the_o sort_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n be_v as_o have_v be_v before_o remark_v most_o figure_n and_o in_o inanimate_a body_n colour_n and_o in_o some_o both_o together_o now_o §_o 20._o these_o lead_v sensible_a quality_n be_v those_o which_o make_v the_o chief_a ingredient_n of_o our_o specific_a idea_n and_o consequent_o the_o best_a definition_n of_o our_o specific_a name_n as_o attribute_v to_o sort_n of_o substance_n come_v under_o our_o knowledge_n for_o though_o the_o sound_a man_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v as_o apt_a to_o signify_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o animality_n and_o rationality_n unite_v in_o the_o same_o subject_a as_o to_o signify_v any_o other_o combination_n yet_o use_v as_o a_o mark_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o sort_n of_o creature_n we_o count_v of_o our_o own_o kind_n perhaps_o the_o outward_a shape_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o be_v take_v into_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n man_n as_o any_o other_o we_o find_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o why_o plato_n animal_n implume_v bipe_n latis_fw-la unguibus_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v as_o good_a a_o definition_n of_o the_o name_n man_n stand_v for_o that_o sort_n of_o creature_n will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v for_o it_o be_v the_o shape_n as_o the_o lead_a quality_n that_o seem_v more_o to_o determine_v that_o species_n than_o a_o faculty_n of_o reason_v which_o appear_v not_o at_o first_o and_o in_o some_o never_o and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v so_o i_o do_v not_o know_v how_o they_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o murder_n who_o kill_v monstrous_a birth_n as_o we_o call_v they_o because_o of_o a_o unordinary_a shape_n without_o know_v whether_o they_o have_v a_o rational_a soul_n or_o no_o which_o can_v be_v no_o more_o discern_v in_o a_o well-formed_a than_o ill-shaped_a infant_n as_o soon_o as_o bear_v and_o who_o be_v it_o have_v inform_v we_o that_o a_o rational_a soul_n can_v inhabit_v no_o tenement_n unless_o it_o have_v just_a such_o a_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n or_o can_v join_v itself_o to_o and_o inform_v no_o sort_n of_o body_n but_o one_o that_o be_v just_a of_o such_o a_o outward_a structure_n §_o 21._o now_o these_o lead_a quality_n be_v best_a make_v know_v by_o show_v and_o can_v hardly_o be_v make_v know_v otherwise_o for_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o cassuary_n will_v be_v but_o rude_o and_o imperfect_o imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o word_n the_o sight_n of_o the_o animal_n do_v it_o a_o thousand_o time_n better_a and_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o particular_a colour_n of_o gold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v get_v by_o any_o description_n of_o it_o but_o only_o by_o the_o frequent_a exercise_n of_o the_o eye_n about_o it_o as_o be_v evident_a in_o those_o who_o be_v use_v to_o this_o metal_n who_o will_v frequent_o distinguish_v true_a from_o counterfeit_n pure_a from_o adulterate_a by_o the_o sight_n where_o other_o who_o have_v as_o good_a eye_n but_o yet_o by_o use_n have_v not_o get_v the_o precise_a nice_a idea_n of_o that_o peculiar_a yellow_n shall_v not_o perceive_v any_o difference_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o other_o simple_a idea_n peculiar_a in_o their_o kind_n to_o any_o substance_n for_o which_o precise_a idea_n there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a name_n the_o particular_a ring_a sound_n there_o be_v in_o gold_n distinct_a from_o the_o sound_n of_o other_o body_n have_v no_o particular_a name_n annex_v to_o it_o no_o more_o than_o the_o particular_a yellow_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o metal_n §_o 22._o but_o because_o many_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o our_o specific_a idea_n of_o substance_n be_v power_n which_o lie_v not_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o ordinary_o appear_v therefore_o in_o the_o signification_n of_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n some_o part_n of_o the_o signification_n will_v be_v better_a make_v know_v by_o enumerate_v those_o simple_a idea_n than_o in_o show_v the_o substance_n itself_o for_o he_o that_o to_o the_o yellow_a shine_a colour_n of_o gold_n get_v by_o sight_n shall_v from_o my_o enumerate_v they_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o great_a ductility_n fusibility_n fixedness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n will_v have_v a_o perfect_a idea_n of_o gold_n than_o he_o can_v have_v by_o see_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n and_o thereby_o imprint_v in_o his_o mind_n only_o its_o obvious_a quality_n but_o if_o the_o formal_a constitution_n of_o this_o shine_a heavy_a ductil_a thing_n from_o whence_o all_o these_o its_o property_n flow_v lay_v open_a to_o our_o sense_n as_o the_o formal_a constitution_n or_o essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n do_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n may_v as_o easy_o be_v ascertain_v as_o that_o of_o triangle_n §_o 23._o hence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n how_o much_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o corporeal_a thing_n lie_v in_o our_o sense_n for_o how_o spirit_n separate_z from_o body_n who_o knowledge_n and_o idea_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v certain_o much_o more_o perfect_a than_o we_o know_v they_o we_o have_v no_o notion_n no_o idea_n at_o all_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o imagination_n reach_v not_o beyond_o our_o own_o idea_n limit_v to_o our_o way_n of_o perception_n though_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o spirit_n of_o a_o high_a rank_n than_o those_o immerse_v in_o flesh_n may_v have_v as_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o radical_a constitution_n of_o substance_n as_o we_o have_v of_o a_o triangle_n and_o so_o perceive_v how_o all_o their_o property_n and_o operation_n flow_v from_o thence_o but_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o come_v by_o that_o knowledge_n exceed_v our_o conception_n §_o 24._o but_o though_o definition_n will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o stand_v for_o our_o idea_n yet_o they_o leave_v they_o not_o without_o great_a imperfection_n as_o they_o stand_v for_o thing_n for_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o put_v bare_o for_o our_o idea_n but_o be_v make_v use_n of_o ultimate_o to_o represent_v thing_n and_o so_o be_v put_v in_o their_o place_n their_o signification_n must_v agree_v with_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o with_o man_n idea_n and_o therefore_o in_o substance_n we_o be_v not_o always_o to_o rest_v in_o the_o ordinary_a complex_fw-la idea_n common_o receive_v as_o the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n but_o to_o go_v a_o little_a far_o and_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o thereby_o perfect_a as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v our_o idea_n of_o their_o distinct_a species_n or_o else_o learn_v they_o from_o such_o as_o be_v use_v to_o that_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o be_v experience_v in_o they_o for_o since_o it_o be_v intend_v their_o name_n shall_v stand_v for_o such_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o do_v real_o exist_v in_o thing_n themselves_o as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o other_o man_n mind_n which_o in_o their_o ordinary_a acceptation_n they_o
in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o do_v not_o present_o by_o a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n perceive_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o to_o be_v different_a from_o any_o other_o §_o 9_o second_o as_o to_o the_o second_o sort_n which_o be_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n in_o coexistence_n in_o this_o our_o knowledge_n be_v very_o short_a though_o in_o this_o consist_v the_o great_a and_o most_o material_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n for_o our_o idea_n of_o the_o species_n of_o substance_n be_v as_o i_o have_v show_v nothing_o but_o certain_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n unite_v in_o one_o subject_n and_o so_o co-existing_a together_o v_o g._n our_o idea_n of_o flame_n be_v a_o body_n hot_a luminous_a and_o move_v upward_o of_o gold_n a_o body_n heavy_a to_o a_o certain_a degree_n yellow_a malleable_a and_o susible_a for_o these_o or_o some_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o these_o in_o man_n mind_n do_v these_o two_o name_n of_o different_a substance_n flame_n and_o gold_n stand_v for_o when_o we_o will_v know_v any_o thing_n far_o concern_v these_o or_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o substance_n what_o do_v we_o inquire_v but_o what_o other_o quality_n or_o power_n these_o substance_n have_v or_o have_v not_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o know_v whether_o simple_a idea_n do_v or_o do_v not_o co-exist_a with_o those_o that_o make_v up_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n §_o 10._o this_o how_o weighty_a and_o considerable_a a_o part_n soever_o of_o (null)_o science_n be_v yet_o very_o narrow_a and_o scarce_o any_o at_o all_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v that_o the_o simple_a idea_n whereof_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v up_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o as_o carry_v with_o they_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n no_o visible_a necessary_a connexion_n or_o inconsistency_n with_o any_o other_o simple_a idea_n who_o coexistence_n with_o they_o we_o will_v inform_v ourselves_o about_o §_o 11._o the_o idea_n that_o our_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o substance_n be_v make_v up_o of_o and_o about_o which_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n be_v most_o employ_v be_v those_o of_o their_o secondary_a quality_n which_o depend_v all_o as_o have_v be_v show_v upon_o the_o primary_n quality_n of_o their_o minute_n and_o insensible_a part_n or_o if_o not_o upon_o they_o upon_o something_o yet_o more_o remote_a from_o our_o comprehension_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v which_o have_v a_o necessary_a union_n or_o inconsistency_n one_o with_o another_o for_o not_o know_v the_o root_n they_o spring_v from_o not_o know_v what_o size_n figure_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n they_o be_v on_o which_o depend_v and_o from_o which_o result_n those_o quality_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v what_o other_o quality_n result_v from_o the_o same_o constitution_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o gold_n and_o so_o consequent_o must_v always_o co-exist_a with_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n we_o have_v of_o it_o or_o else_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o it_o §_o 12._o beside_o this_o ignorance_n of_o the_o primary_n quality_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o body_n on_o which_o depend_v all_o their_o secundary_a quality_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o and_o more_o incurable_a part_n of_o ignorance_n which_o set_v we_o more_o remote_a from_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o coexistence_n or_o inco-existence_n if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v of_o different_a idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a and_o that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o any_o secundary_a quality_n and_o those_o primary_n quality_n that_o it_o depend_v on_o §_o 13._o that_o the_o size_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o one_o body_n shall_v cause_v a_o change_n in_o the_o size_n figure_n and_o motion_n of_o another_o body_n be_v not_o beyond_o our_o conception_n the_o separation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o one_o body_n upon_o the_o intrusion_n of_o another_o and_o the_o change_n from_o rest_n to_o motion_n upon_o impulse_n these_o and_o the_o like_a seem_v to_o we_o to_o have_v some_o connexion_n one_o with_o another_o and_o if_o we_o know_v these_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n we_o may_v have_v reason_n to_o hope_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o know_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o of_o these_o operation_n of_o they_o one_o upon_o another_o but_o our_o mind_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v any_o connexion_n betwixt_o these_o primary_n quality_n of_o body_n and_o the_o sensation_n that_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o by_o they_o we_o can_v never_o be_v able_a to_o establish_v certain_a and_o undoubted_a rule_n of_o the_o consequence_n or_o coexistence_n of_o any_o secundary_a qulity_n though_o we_o can_v discover_v the_o size_n figure_n or_o motion_n of_o those_o insible_a part_n which_o immediate_o produce_v they_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o know_v what_o figure_n size_n or_o motion_n of_o part_n produce_v a_o yellow_a colour_n a_o sweet_a taste_n or_o a_o sharp_a sound_n that_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n conceive_v how_o any_o size_n figure_n or_o motion_n of_o any_o particle_n can_v possible_o produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o any_o colour_n taste_v or_o sound_v whatsoever_o there_o be_v no_o conceivable_a connexion_n betwixt_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o §_o 14._o in_o vain_a therefore_o shall_v we_o endeavour_v to_o discover_v by_o our_o idea_n the_o only_a true_a way_n of_o certain_a and_o universal_a knowledge_n what_o other_o idea_n be_v to_o be_v find_v constant_o join_v with_o that_o of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o any_o substance_n since_o we_o neither_o know_v the_o real_a constitution_n of_o the_o minute_n part_n on_o which_o their_o quality_n do_v depend_v nor_o do_v we_o know_v they_o can_v we_o discover_v any_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o they_o and_o any_o of_o the_o secundary_a quality_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v before_o we_o can_v certain_o know_v their_o necessary_a coexistence_n so_o that_o let_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o any_o species_n of_o substance_n be_v what_o it_o will_v we_o can_v hardly_o from_o the_o simple_a idea_n contain_v in_o it_o certain_o determine_v the_o necessary_a coexistence_n of_o any_o other_o quality_n whatsoever_o our_o knowledge_n in_o all_o these_o inquiry_n reach_v very_o little_o far_o than_o our_o experience_n indeed_o some_o few_o of_o the_o primary_n quality_n have_v a_o necessary_a dependence_n and_o visible_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o as_o figure_n necessary_o suppose_v extension_n receive_v or_o communicate_v motion_n by_o impulse_n suppose_v solidity_n but_o though_o these_o and_o perhaps_o some_o other_o of_o our_o idea_n have_v yet_o there_o be_v some_o few_o of_o they_o that_o have_v a_o visible_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o that_o we_o can_v by_o intuition_n or_o demonstration_n discover_v the_o coexistence_n of_o very_a few_o of_o the_o quality_n be_v to_o be_v find_v unite_v in_o substance_n and_o we_o be_v leave_v only_o to_o the_o assistence_n of_o our_o sense_n to_o make_v know_v to_o we_o what_o quality_n they_o contain_v for_o all_o the_o quality_n that_o be_v co-existent_a in_o any_o subject_a without_o this_o dependence_n and_o evident_a connexion_n of_o their_o idea_n one_o with_o another_o we_o can_v know_v certain_o to_o co-exist_a any_o far_o than_o experience_n by_o our_o sense_n inform_v we_o thus_o though_o we_o see_v the_o yellow_a colour_n and_o upon_o trial_n find_v the_o weight_n malleableness_n fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n yet_o because_o no_o one_o of_o these_o idea_n have_v any_o evident_a dependence_n or_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o the_o other_o we_o can_v certain_o know_v that_o where_o any_o four_o of_o these_o be_v the_o five_o will_v be_v there_o also_o how_o high_o probable_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v because_o the_o high_a probability_n amount_v not_o to_o certainty_n without_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o true_a knowledge_n for_o this_o coexistence_n can_v be_v no_o far_o know_v than_o it_o be_v perceive_v and_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o either_o in_o particular_a subject_n by_o the_o observation_n of_o our_o sense_n or_o in_o general_a by_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o §_o 15._o as_o to_o incompatibility_n or_o repugnancy_n to_o coexistence_n we_o may_v know_v that_o any_o subject_a can_v have_v of_o each_o sort_n of_o primary_n quality_n but_o one_o particular_a at_o once_o v_o g._n each_o particular_a extension_n figure_n number_n of_o part_n motion_n exclude_v all_o other_o of_o each_o kind_n the_o like_a also_o be_v certain_a of_o all_o sensible_a idea_n peculiar_a to_o each_o sense_n for_o whatever_o of_o each_o kind_n be_v present_a in_o any_o subject_a exclude_v all_o other_o of_o that_o sort_n v_o g._n no_o one_o subject_n can_v
have_v two_o smell_v or_o two_o colour_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o this_o perhaps_o will_v be_v say_v have_v not_o a_o opal_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nepbriticum_fw-la two_o colour_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o these_o body_n to_o eye_n different_o place_v may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n afford_v different_a colour_n but_o i_o take_v liberty_n also_o to_o say_v that_o to_o eye_n different_o place_v it_o be_v different_a part_n of_o the_o object_n that_o reflect_v the_o particle_n of_o light_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o object_n and_o so_o not_o the_o very_a same_o subject_a which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v both_o yellow_a and_o azure_a for_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o the_o very_a same_o particle_n of_o any_o body_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n different_o modify_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v two_o different_a figure_n and_o texture_n at_o the_o same_o time_n §_o 16._o but_o as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o substance_n to_o change_v the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o other_o body_n which_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o inquiry_n about_o they_o and_o be_v no_o inconsiderable_a branch_n of_o our_o knowledge_n i_o doubt_v as_o to_o these_o whether_o our_o knowledge_n reach_v much_o far_a than_o our_o experience_n or_o whether_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o most_o of_o these_o power_n and_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v in_o any_o subject_n by_o the_o connexion_n with_o any_o of_o those_o idea_n which_o to_o we_o make_v its_o essence_n because_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n of_o body_n and_o their_o way_n of_o operate_a consist_v in_o a_o texture_n and_o motion_n of_o part_n which_o we_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n come_v to_o discover_v it_o be_v but_o in_o very_a few_o case_n we_o can_v be_v able_a to_o perceive_v their_o dependence_n on_o or_o repugnance_n to_o any_o of_o those_o idea_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o instance_a in_o the_o corpuscularian_a hypothesis_n as_o that_o which_o be_v think_v to_o go_v far_a in_o a_o intelligible_a explication_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n and_o i_o fear_v the_o weakness_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o substitute_v another_o which_o will_v afford_v we_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a discovery_n of_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o coexistence_n of_o the_o power_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v unite_v in_o several_a sort_n of_o they_o this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a that_o which_o ever_o hypothesis_n be_v clear_a and_o true_a for_o of_o that_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n to_o determine_v our_o knowledge_n concern_v corporeal_a substance_n will_v be_v very_o little_o advance_v by_o any_o of_o they_o till_o we_o be_v make_v see_v what_o quality_n and_o power_n of_o body_n have_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n or_o repugnancy_n one_o with_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a state_n of_o philosophy_n i_o think_v we_o know_v but_o to_o a_o very_a small_a degree_n and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o with_o those_o faculty_n we_o have_v we_o shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v our_o general_a knowledge_n i_o say_v not_o particular_a experience_n in_o this_o part_n much_o far_o §_o 17._o if_o we_o be_v at_o this_o loss_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n and_o operation_n of_o body_n i_o think_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o conclude_v we_o be_v much_o more_o in_o the_o dark_a in_o reference_n to_o spirit_n whereof_o we_o natural_o have_v no_o idea_n but_o what_o we_o draw_v from_o that_o of_o our_o own_o by_o reflect_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n within_o we_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v come_v within_o our_o observation_n but_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o rank_n the_o spirit_n that_o inhabit_v our_o body_n hold_v among_o those_o various_a and_o possible_o innumerable_a kind_n of_o noble_a being_n and_o how_o far_o short_a they_o come_v of_o the_o endowment_n and_o perfection_n of_o cherubim_n and_o seraphim_n and_o infinite_a sort_n of_o spirit_n above_o we_o we_o have_v in_o another_o place_n make_v some_o reflection_n upon_o §_o 18._o as_o to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o our_o knowledge_n viz._n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o any_o other_o relation_n this_o as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a field_n of_o our_o knowledge_n so_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v how_o far_o it_o may_v extend_v because_o the_o advances_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o this_o part_n of_o knowledge_n depend_v on_o our_o sagacity_n in_o find_v intermediate_v idea_n that_o may_v show_v the_o relation_n and_o habitude_n of_o idea_n who_o coexistence_n be_v not_o consider_v it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o tell_v when_o we_o be_v at_o a_o end_n of_o such_o discovery_n and_o when_o reason_n have_v all_o the_o help_v it_o be_v capable_a of_o for_o the_o find_n of_o proof_n and_o examine_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o remote_a idea_n they_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o algebra_n can_v imagine_v the_o wonder_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o it_o and_o what_o far_a improvement_n and_o help_n advantageous_a to_o other_o part_n of_o knowledge_n the_o sagacious_a mind_n of_o man_n may_v yet_o find_v out_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v this_o at_o least_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o quantity_n be_v not_o those_o alone_a that_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o other_o and_o perhaps_o more_o useful_a part_n of_o contemplation_n will_v afford_v we_o certainty_n if_o vice_n passion_n and_o domineer_a interest_n do_v not_o oppose_v or_o menace_v such_o endeavour_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o supreme_a be_v infinite_a in_o power_n and_o wisdom_n who_o workmanship_n we_o be_v and_o on_o who_o we_o depend_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o ourselves_o as_o understanding_n rational_a creature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v clear_a in_o we_o will_v i_o suppose_v if_o due_o consider_v and_o pursue_v afford_v such_o foundation_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o rule_n of_o action_n as_o may_v place_v morality_n among_o the_o science_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o from_o principle_n as_o incontestable_a as_o those_o of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o measure_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n may_v be_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v apply_v himself_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n and_o attention_n to_o the_o one_o as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o science_n the_o relation_n of_o other_o modes_n may_v certain_o be_v perceive_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o number_n and_o extension_n and_o i_o can_v see_v why_o they_o shall_v not_o also_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n if_o due_a method_n be_v think_v on_o to_o examine_v or_o pursue_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n where_o there_o be_v no_o propriety_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n be_v a_o proposition_n as_o certain_a as_o any_o demonstration_n in_o euclid_n for_o the_o idea_n of_o property_n be_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n and_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o the_o name_n injustice_n be_v give_v be_v the_o invasion_n or_o violation_n of_o that_o right_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o idea_n be_v thus_o establish_v and_o these_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o i_o can_v as_o certain_o know_v this_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a as_o that_o a_o triangle_n have_v three_o angle_n equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o again_o no_o government_n allow_v absolute_a liberty_n the_o idea_n of_o government_n be_v the_o establishment_n of_o society_n upon_o certain_a rule_n or_o law_n which_o require_v conformity_n to_o they_o and_o the_o idea_n of_o absolute_a liberty_n be_v for_o any_o one_o to_o do_v whatever_o he_o please_v i_o be_o as_o capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o any_o in_o mathematics_n §_o 19_o that_o which_o in_o this_o respect_n have_v give_v the_o advantage_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o quantity_n and_o make_v they_o think_v more_o capable_a of_o certainty_n and_o demonstration_n be_v first_o that_o they_o can_v be_v set_v down_o and_o represent_v by_o sensible_a mark_n which_o have_v a_o great_a and_o near_a correspondence_n with_o they_o than_o any_o word_n or_o sound_n whatsoever_o diagram_n draw_v on_o paper_n be_v copy_n of_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o uncertainty_n that_o word_n carry_v in_o their_o signification_n a_o angle_n circle_n or_o square_a draw_v in_o line_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o view_n and_o can_v be_v mistake_v it_o remain_v unchangeable_o and_o may_v at_o leisure_n be_v consider_v and_o examine_v and_o the_o demonstration_n be_v revise_v and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o
nor_o can_v we_o conceive_v this_o relation_n this_o connexion_n of_o these_o two_o idea_n to_o be_v possible_o mutable_a or_o depend_v on_o any_o arbitrary_a power_n which_o of_o choice_n make_v it_o thus_o or_o can_v make_v it_o otherwise_o but_o the_o coherence_n and_o continuity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n the_o production_n of_o sensation_n in_o we_o of_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n by_o impulse_n and_o motion_n nay_o the_o original_a rule_n and_o communication_n of_o motion_n be_v such_o wherein_o we_o can_v discover_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o any_o idea_n we_o have_v we_o can_v but_o ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n and_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o wise_a architect_n i_o need_v not_o i_o think_v here_o mention_v the_o resurrection_n of_o our_o body_n the_o future_a state_n of_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v by_o every_o one_o acknowledge_v to_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n the_o thing_n that_o as_o far_o as_o our_o observation_n reach_v we_o constant_o find_v to_o proceed_v regular_o we_o may_v conclude_v do_v act_n by_o a_o law_n set_v they_o but_o yet_o a_o law_n that_o we_o know_v not_o whereby_o though_o cause_n work_v steady_o and_o effect_n constant_o flow_v from_o they_o yet_o their_o connexion_n and_o dependency_n be_v not_o discoverable_a in_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v have_v but_o a_o experimental_a knowledge_n of_o they_o from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v what_o a_o darkness_n we_o be_v involve_v in_o how_o little_a it_o be_v of_o be_v and_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o we_o be_v capable_a to_o know_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v do_v no_o injury_n to_o our_o knowledge_n when_o we_o modest_o think_v with_o ourselves_o that_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v able_a to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o all_o the_o thing_n contain_v in_o it_o that_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o philosophical_a knowledge_n of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v about_o we_o and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o we_o concern_v their_o secundary_a quality_n power_n and_o operation_n we_o can_v have_v no_o universal_a certainty_n several_a effect_n come_v every_o day_n within_o the_o notice_n of_o our_o sense_n of_o which_o we_o have_v so_o far_o sensitive_a knowledge_n but_o the_o cause_n manner_n and_o certainty_n of_o their_o production_n for_o the_o two_o forego_v reason_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o in_o these_o we_o can_v go_v no_o far_o than_o particular_a experience_n inform_v we_o of_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o by_o analogy_n to_o guess_v what_o effect_n the_o like_a body_n be_v upon_o other_o trial_n like_a to_o produce_v but_o as_o to_o a_o perfect_a science_n of_o natural_a body_n not_o to_o mention_v spiritual_a being_n we_o be_v i_o think_v so_o far_o from_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o thing_n that_o i_o conclude_v it_o lose_v labour_n to_o seek_v after_o it_o §_o 30._o three_o where_o we_o have_v adequate_a idea_n and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a and_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o they_o yet_o we_o be_v often_o ignorant_a for_o want_v of_o trace_v those_o idea_n we_o have_v or_o may_v have_v and_o find_v out_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o may_v show_v we_o what_o habitude_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v one_o with_o another_o and_o thus_o many_o be_v ignorant_a of_o mathematical_a truth_n not_o out_o of_o any_o imperfection_n of_o their_o faculty_n or_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o for_o want_v of_o application_n in_o acquire_v examine_v and_o by_o due_a way_n compare_v those_o idea_n that_o which_o have_v most_o contribute_v to_o hinder_v the_o due_a trace_v of_o our_o idea_n and_o find_v out_o their_o relation_n and_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n one_o with_o another_o have_v be_v i_o suppose_v the_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o man_n shall_v ever_o true_o seek_v or_o certain_o discover_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n themselves_o whilst_o their_o thought_n flutter_v about_o or_o stick_v only_o in_o sound_n of_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n mathematician_n abstract_v their_o thought_n from_o name_n and_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o set_v before_o their_o mind_n the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o they_o will_v consider_v and_o not_o sound_v instead_o of_o they_o have_v avoid_v thereby_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o perplexity_n pudder_a and_o confusion_n which_o have_v so_o much_o hinder_v man_n progress_n in_o other_o part_n of_o knowledge_n who_o stick_v in_o word_n of_o undetermined_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n be_v unable_a to_o distinguish_v true_a from_o false_a certain_a from_o probable_a consistent_a from_o inconsistent_a in_o their_o own_o opinion_n whereby_o the_o increase_n bring_v into_o the_o stock_n of_o real_a knowledge_n have_v be_v very_o little_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o school_n dispute_n and_o write_n the_o world_n have_v be_v fill_v with_o whilst_o man_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o great_a wood_n of_o word_n know_v not_o whereabout_o they_o be_v how_o far_o their_o discovery_n be_v advance_v or_o what_o be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o or_o the_o general_a stock_n of_o knowledge_n have_v man_n in_o their_o discovery_n of_o the_o material_a do_v as_o they_o have_v in_o those_o of_o the_o intellectual_a world_n involve_v all_o in_o the_o obscurity_n of_o uncertain_a and_o doubtful_a term_n and_o way_n of_o talk_v volume_n write_v of_o navigation_n and_o voyage_n theory_n and_o story_n of_o zone_n and_o tide_n multiply_v and_o dispute_v nay_o ship_n build_v and_o fleet_n set_v out_o will_v never_o have_v teach_v we_o the_o way_n beyond_o the_o line_n and_o the_o antipode_n will_v be_v still_o as_o much_o unknown_a as_o when_o it_o be_v declare_v heresy_n to_o hold_v there_o be_v any_o but_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o of_o word_n and_o the_o ill_a or_o careless_a use_n that_o be_v common_o make_v of_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n more_o of_o it_o here_o §_o 31._o hitherto_o we_o have_v examine_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o being_n that_n be_v there_o be_v another_o extent_n of_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o universality_n which_o will_v also_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o in_o this_o regard_n our_o knowledge_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n if_o the_o idea_n be_v abstract_a who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o perceive_v our_o knowledge_n be_v universal_a for_o what_o be_v know_v of_o such_o general_a idea_n will_v be_v true_a of_o every_o particular_a thing_n in_o who_o that_o essence_n i._n e._n that_o abstract_a idea_n be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o what_o be_v once_o know_v of_o such_o idea_n will_v be_v perpetual_o and_o for_o ever_o true_a so_o that_o as_o to_o all_o general_a knowledge_n we_o must_v search_v and_o find_v it_o only_o in_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o it_o be_v only_o the_o examine_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n that_o furnish_v we_o with_o that_o truth_n belong_v to_o essence_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o abstract_a idea_n be_v eternal_a and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o contemplation_n only_o of_o those_o essence_n as_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v know_v only_o from_o experience_n but_o have_v more_o to_o of_o this_o in_o the_o chapter_n where_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o general_a and_o real_a knowledge_n this_o may_v here_o suffice_v as_o to_o the_o universality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o general_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o reader_n by_o this_o time_n may_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n only_o build_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o say_v to_o i_o to_o what_o purpose_n all_o this_o stir_n knowledge_n say_v you_o be_v only_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n but_o who_o know_v what_o those_o idea_n may_v be_v be_v there_o any_o thing_n so_o extravagant_a as_o the_o imagination_n of_o man_n brain_n where_o be_v the_o head_n that_o have_v no_o chimaera_n in_o it_o or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o sober_a and_o a_o wise_a man_n what_o difference_n will_v there_o be_v by_o your_o rule_n between_o his_o knowledge_n and_o that_o of_o the_o most_o extravagant_a fancy_n in_o the_o world_n they_o both_o have_v their_o idea_n and_o perceive_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n one_o with_o another_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o advantage_n will_v be_v on_o the_o warm-headed_n man_n side_n as_o have_v the_o more_o idea_n and_o the_o more_o lively_a and_o so_o by_o your_o rule_n he_o will_v be_v the_o more_o
know_v if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o knowledge_n lie_v only_o in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o vision_n of_o a_o enthusiast_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n will_v be_v equal_o certain_a it_o be_v no_o matter_n how_o thing_n be_v so_o a_o man_n observe_v but_o the_o agreement_n of_o his_o own_o imagination_n and_o talk_v conformable_o it_o be_v all_o truth_n all_o certainty_n such_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v as_o strong_a hold_v of_o truth_n as_o the_o demonstration_n of_o euclid_n that_o a_o harpy_n be_v not_o a_o centaur_n be_v by_o this_o way_n as_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o as_o much_o a_o truth_n as_o that_o a_o square_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o this_o fine_a knowledge_n of_o man_n own_o imagination_n to_o a_o man_n that_o inquire_v after_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n it_o matter_n not_o what_o man_n fancy_n be_v it_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v prize_v it_o be_v this_o alone_a give_v a_o value_n to_o our_o reason_n and_o preference_n to_o one_o man_n knowledge_n over_o another_o that_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o real_o be_v and_o not_o of_o dream_n and_o fancy_n §_o 2._o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o our_o knowledge_n of_o our_o idea_n terminate_v in_o they_o and_o reach_v no_o far_o where_o there_o be_v something_o far_o intend_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n will_v be_v of_o little_o more_o use_n than_o the_o resvery_n of_o a_o crazy_a brain_n and_o the_o truth_n build_v thereon_o of_o no_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o discourse_n of_o a_o man_n who_o see_v thing_n clear_o in_o a_o dream_n and_o with_o great_a assurance_n utter_v they_o but_o i_o hope_v before_o i_o have_v do_v to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n go_v a_o little_a far_o than_o bare_a imagination_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o the_o certainty_n of_o general_a truth_n a_o man_n have_v lie_v in_o nothing_o else_o §_o 3._o it_o be_v evident_a the_o mind_n know_v not_o thing_n immediate_o but_o only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v of_o they_o our_o knowledge_n therefore_o be_v real_a only_o so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v a_o conformity_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v here_o the_o criterion_n how_o shall_v the_o mind_n when_o it_o perceive_v nothing_o but_o its_o own_o idea_n know_v that_o they_o agree_v with_o thing_n themselves_o this_o though_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o idea_n that_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v agree_v with_o thing_n §_o 4._o first_o the_o first_o be_v simple_a idea_n which_o since_o the_o mind_n as_o have_v be_v show_v can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v to_o itself_o must_v necessary_o be_v the_o product_n of_o thing_n operate_n on_o the_o mind_n in_o a_o natural_a way_n and_o produce_v therein_o those_o perception_n which_o by_o the_o wisdom_n and_o will_n of_o our_o maker_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o adapt_v to_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o simple_a idea_n be_v not_o fiction_n of_o our_o fancy_n but_o the_o natural_a and_o regular_a production_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o real_o operate_n upon_o we_o and_o so_o carry_v with_o they_o all_o the_o conformity_n our_o state_n require_v which_o be_v to_o represent_v thing_n under_o those_o appearance_n they_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v in_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v distinguish_v the_o substance_n they_o be_v in_o and_o apply_v they_o to_o our_o uses_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n or_o bitterness_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n exact_o answer_v that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o any_o body_n to_o produce_v it_o there_o have_v all_o the_o real_a conformity_n it_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v with_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o this_o conformity_n between_o our_o simple_a idea_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a for_o real_a knowledge_n §_o 5._o second_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n except_o those_o of_o substance_n be_v archetype_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v own_o make_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v the_o copy_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o refer_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o original_n can_v want_v any_o conformity_n necessary_a to_o real_a knowledge_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o design_v to_o represent_v any_o thing_n but_o itself_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o wrong_a representation_n nor_o mislead_v we_o from_o the_o true_a apprehension_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o its_o dislikeness_n to_o it_o and_o such_o except_v those_o of_o substance_n be_v all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o place_n be_v combination_n of_o idea_n which_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o free_a choice_n put_v together_o without_o consider_v any_o connexion_n they_o have_v in_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o these_o sort_v the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v consider_v as_o the_o archetype_n and_o thing_n no_o otherwise_o regard_v but_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o they_o so_o that_o we_o can_v but_o be_v infallible_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o attain_v concern_v these_o idea_n be_v real_a and_o reach_n thing_n themselves_o because_o in_o all_o our_o thought_n reason_n and_o discourse_n of_o this_o kind_n we_o intend_v thing_n no_o far_o than_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o our_o idea_n so_o that_o in_o these_o we_o can_v miss_v of_o a_o certain_a undoubted_a reality_n §_o 6._o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o may_v have_v of_o mathematical_a truth_n be_v not_o only_o certain_a but_o real_a knowledge_n not_o idle_a chimaera_n of_o man_n brain_n and_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v only_o of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o mathematician_n consider_v the_o truth_n and_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o rectangle_n or_o circle_n only_o as_o they_o be_v in_o idea_n in_o his_o own_o mind_n for_o it_o be_v possible_a he_o never_o find_v either_o of_o they_o exist_v mathematical_o i._n e._n precise_o true_a in_o his_o life_n but_o yet_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v of_o any_o truth_n or_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o circle_n or_o any_o other_o mathematical_a figure_n be_v nevertheless_o true_a and_o certain_a even_o of_o real_a thing_n exist_v because_o real_a thing_n be_v no_o far_o concern_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o any_o such_o proposition_n than_o as_o thing_n real_o agree_v to_o those_o archetype_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v it_o true_a of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n that_o its_o three_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o it_o be_v true_a also_o of_o a_o triangle_n wherever_o it_o real_o exist_v what_o ever_o other_o figure_n exist_v that_o be_v not_o exact_o answerable_a to_o that_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o that_o proposition_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v certain_a all_o his_o knowledge_n concern_v such_o idea_n be_v real_a knowledge_n because_o intend_v thing_n no_o far_a than_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o his_o idea_n he_o be_v sure_o what_o he_o know_v concern_v those_o figure_n when_o they_o have_v bare_o a_o ideal_o existence_n in_o his_o mind_n will_v hold_v true_a of_o they_o also_o when_o they_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n in_o matter_n his_o consideration_n be_v bare_o of_o those_o figure_n which_o be_v the_o same_o wherever_o or_o however_o they_o exist_v §_o 7._o and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v as_o capable_a of_o real_a certainty_n as_o mathematics_n for_o certainty_n be_v but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o demonstration_n nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o such_o agreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n or_o medium_n our_o moral_a idea_n as_o well_o as_o mathematical_a be_v archetype_n themselves_o and_o so_o adequate_a and_o complete_a idea_n all_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o they_o will_v produce_v real_a knowledge_n as_o well_o as_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n §_o 8._o that_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v our_o knowledge_n certain_a be_v the_o clearness_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o which_o be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o reâ—l_v be_v that_o they_o answer_v their_o archetype_n nor_o let_v it_o be_v wonder_v that_o i_o place_v the_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o idea_n with_o so_o little_a care_n and_o regard_v as_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o
thing_n since_o most_o of_o those_o discourse_n which_o take_v up_o the_o thought_n and_o engage_v the_o dispute_n of_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o inquire_v after_o truth_n and_o certainty_n will_n i_o presume_v upon_o examination_n be_v find_v to_o be_v general_a proposition_n and_o notion_n in_o which_o existence_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v all_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o mathematician_n about_o the_o square_n of_o a_o circle_n conic_a section_n or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o mathematics_n concern_v not_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o of_o those_o figure_n but_o their_o demonstration_n which_o depend_v on_o their_o idea_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o square_a or_o circle_n exist_v in_o the_o world_n or_o no._n in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o moral_a discourse_n abstract_n from_o the_o life_n of_o man_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o those_o virtue_n in_o the_o world_n whereof_o they_o treat_v nor_o be_v tully_n office_n less_o true_a because_o there_o be_v no_o body_n in_o the_o world_n that_o exact_o practise_v his_o rule_n and_o live_v up_o to_o that_o pattern_n of_o a_o virtuous_a man_n which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o and_o which_o exist_v no_o where_o when_o he_o write_v but_o in_o idea_n if_o it_o be_v true_a in_o speculation_n i._n e._n in_o idea_n that_o murder_n deserve_v death_n it_o will_v also_o be_v true_a in_o reality_n of_o any_o action_n that_o exist_v comformable_a to_o that_o idea_n of_o murder_n as_o for_o other_o action_n the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n concern_v they_o not_o and_o thus_o it_o be_v of_o all_o other_o species_n of_o thing_n which_o have_v no_o other_o essence_n but_o those_o idea_n which_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o men._n §_o 9_o but_o it_o will_v here_o be_v say_v that_o if_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v place_v in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o moral_a idea_n and_o those_o as_o other_o mode_n be_v of_o our_o own_o make_n what_o strange_a notion_n will_v there_o be_v of_o justice_n and_o temperance_n what_o confusion_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n if_o every_o one_o may_v make_v what_o idea_n of_o they_o he_o please_v no_o confusion_n nor_o disorder_n in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o nor_o the_o reason_n about_o they_o no_o more_o than_o in_o mathematics_n there_o will_v be_v a_o disturbance_n in_o the_o demonstration_n or_o a_o change_n in_o the_o property_n of_o figure_n and_o their_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v make_v a_o triangle_n with_o four_o corner_n or_o a_o trapezium_fw-la with_o four_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v in_o plain_a english_a change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o call_v that_o by_o one_o name_n which_o mathematician_n call_v ordinary_o by_o another_o for_o let_v a_o man_n make_v to_o himself_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o figure_n with_o three_o angle_n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o right_a one_o and_o call_v it_o if_o he_o please_v equilaterum_fw-la or_o trapezium_fw-la or_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o property_n of_o and_o demonstration_n about_o that_o idea_n will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o he_o call_v it_o a_o rectangular-triangle_n i_o confess_v the_o change_n of_o the_o name_n by_o the_o impropriety_n of_o speech_n will_v at_o first_o disturb_v he_o who_o know_v not_o what_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o figure_n be_v draw_v the_o consequence_n and_o demonstration_n be_v plain_a and_o clear_a and_o just_o the_o same_o be_v it_o in_o moral_a knowledge_n let_v a_o man_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o take_v from_o other_o without_o their_o consent_n what_o their_o honest_a industry_n have_v possess_v they_o of_o and_o call_v this_o justice_n if_o he_o please_v he_o that_o take_v the_o name_n here_o without_o the_o idea_n put_v to_o it_o will_v be_v mistake_v by_o join_v another_o idea_n of_o his_o own_o to_o that_o name_n but_o strip_v the_o idea_n of_o that_o name_n or_o take_v it_o such_o as_o it_o be_v 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have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o in_o modes_n it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o the_o make_v they_o up_o for_o many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o much_o compound_v the_o name_n occurr_n much_o easy_a than_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n itself_o which_o require_v time_n and_o attention_n to_o be_v recollect_v and_o exact_o represent_v to_o the_o mind_n even_o in_o those_o man_n who_o have_v former_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o do_v it_o and_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o those_o who_o though_o they_o have_v ready_a in_o their_o memory_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o common_a word_n of_o their_o language_n yet_o perhaps_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o in_o all_o their_o life_n to_o consider_v what_o precise_a idea_n the_o most_o of_o they_o stand_v for_o some_o confuse_a or_o obscure_a notion_n have_v serve_v their_o turn_n and_o many_o who_o talk_v very_o much_o of_o religion_n and_o conscience_n of_o church_n and_o faith_n of_o power_n and_o right_n of_o obstruction_n and_o humour_n melancholy_a and_o choler_n will_v perhaps_o have_v little_o leave_v in_o their_o thought_n and_o meditation_n if_o one_o shall_v desire_v they_o to_o think_v only_o of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o lay_v by_o those_o word_n with_o which_o they_o so_o often_o confound_v other_o and_o not_o seldom_o themselves_o also_o §_o 5._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o truth_n we_o must_v i_o say_v observe_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v first_o mental_a wherein_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n be_v without_o the_o use_n of_o word_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v by_o the_o mind_n perceive_v or_o judge_v of_o their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n second_o verbal_a proposition_n which_o be_v word_n the_o sign_n of_o our_o idea_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o affirmative_a or_o negative_a sentence_n by_o which_o way_n of_o affirm_v or_o deny_v these_o sign_n make_v by_o sound_n be_v as_o it_o be_v put_v together_o or_o separate_a one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o proposition_n consist_v in_o join_v or_o separate_a sign_n and_o truth_n consist_v in_o the_o put_n together_o or_o separate_v these_o sign_n according_a as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v §_o 6._o every_o one_o experience_n will_v satisfy_v he_o that_o the_o mind_n either_o by_o perceive_v or_o suppose_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n do_v tacit_o within_o itself_o put_v they_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n affirmative_a or_o negative_a which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o express_v by_o the_o term_n put_v together_o and_o separate_a but_o this_o action_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v so_o familiar_a to_o every_o think_v and_o reason_v man_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v conceive_v by_o reflect_v on_o what_o pass_v in_o we_o when_o we_o reason_n judge_n or_o suppose_v than_o to_o be_v explain_v by_o word_n when_o a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o two_o line_n viz._n the_o side_n and_o diagonal_a of_o a_o square_a whereof_o the_o diagonal_a be_v a_o inch_n long_o he_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n also_o of_o the_o division_n of_o that_o line_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a part_n v_o g._n into_o five_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o or_o any_o other_o number_n and_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o that_o inch-line_n be_v divisible_a or_o not_o divisible_a into_o such_o equal_a part_n as_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o they_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o side-line_n now_o whenever_o he_o perceive_v believe_v or_o suppose_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o his_o idea_n of_o that_o line_n he_o as_o it_o be_v joins_z or_o separate_v those_o two_o idea_n viz._n the_o idea_n of_o that_o line_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n and_o so_o make_v a_o mental_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_a or_o false_a according_a as_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n a_o divisibility_n into_o such_o aliquot_fw-la part_n do_v real_o agree_v to_o that_o line_n or_o no_o and_o when_o idea_n be_v so_o put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o the_o mind_n as_o they_o or_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o do_v agree_v or_o not_o that_o be_v as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o mental_a truth_n but_o truth_n of_o word_n be_v something_o more_o and_o that_o be_v the_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o word_n one_o of_o another_o as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v and_o this_o again_o be_v be_v twofold_a either_o pure_o verbal_a and_o trifle_v which_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o chap._n 10._o or_o real_a and_o instructive_a which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o real_a knowledge_n which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o already_o §_o 7._o but_o here_o again_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o occur_v the_o same_o doubt_n about_o truth_n that_o do_v about_o knowledge_n and_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o if_o truth_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o join_n or_o separate_n of_o word_n in_o proposition_n as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v in_o man_n mind_n the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n be_v not_o so_o valuable_a a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v nor_o worth_a the_o pain_n and_o time_n man_n employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o it_o since_o by_o this_o account_n it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o conformity_n of_o word_n to_o the_o chimera_n of_o man_n brain_n who_o know_v not_o what_o odd_a notion_n many_o man_n head_n be_v fill_v with_o and_o what_o strange_a idea_n all_o man_n brain_n be_v capable_a of_o but_o if_o we_o rest_v here_o we_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o nothing_o by_o this_o rule_n but_o of_o the_o visionary_a world_n in_o our_o own_o imagination_n nor_o have_v other_o truth_n but_o what_o as_o much_o concern_v harpy_n and_o centaur_n as_o man_n and_o horse_n for_o those_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v idea_n in_o our_o head_n and_o have_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o idea_n of_o real_a being_n and_o so_o have_v as_o true_a proposition_n make_v about_o they_o and_o it_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o true_a a_o proposition_n to_o say_v all_o centauri_n be_v animal_n as_o that_o all_o man_n be_v animal_n and_o the_o certainty_n of_o one_o as_o great_a as_o the_o other_o for_o in_o both_o the_o proposition_n the_o word_n be_v put_v together_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n with_o that_o of_o centaur_n be_v as_o clear_v and_o visible_a to_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n with_o that_o of_o man_n and_o so_o these_o two_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a equal_o certain_a but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o such_o truth_n to_o we_o §_o 8._o though_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n to_o distinguish_v real_a from_o imaginary_a knowledge_n may_v suffice_v here_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o doubt_n to_o distinguish_v real_a truth_n from_o chimerical_a or_o if_o you_o please_v bare_o nominal_a they_o depend_v both_o on_o the_o same_o foundation_n yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o again_o to_o consider_v that_o though_o our_o word_n signify_v nothing_o but_o our_o idea_n yet_o be_v design_v by_o they_o to_o signify_v thing_n the_o truth_n they_o contain_v when_o put_v into_o proposition_n will_v be_v only_o verbal_a when_o they_o stand_v for_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o have_v not_o a_o agreement_n with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o truth_n as_o well_o as_o knowledge_n may_v well_o come_v under_o the_o distinction_n of_o verbal_n and_o real_a that_o be_v only_o verbal_a truth_n
wherein_o term_n be_v join_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o without_o regard_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o real_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o exstence_n in_o nature_n but_o than_o it_o be_v they_o contain_v real_a truth_n when_o these_o sign_n be_v join_v as_o our_o idea_n agree_v and_o when_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o we_o know_v be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o nature_n which_o in_o substance_n we_o can_v know_v but_o by_o know_v that_o such_o have_v exi_v §_o 9_o truth_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v falshood_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o so_o far_o as_o these_o idea_n thus_o mark_v by_o sound_n agree_v to_o their_o archetype_n so_o far_o only_o be_v the_o truth_n real_a the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n consist_v in_o know_v what_o idea_n the_o word_n stand_v for_o and_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o be_v mark_v by_o these_o word_n §_o 10._o but_o because_o word_n be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o great_a conduit_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o in_o convey_v and_o receive_v of_o truth_n and_o common_o in_o reason_v about_o it_o we_o make_v use_v of_o word_n and_o proposition_n i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a inquire_v wherein_o the_o certainty_n of_o real_a truth_n contain_v in_o proposition_n consist_v and_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v in_o what_o sort_n of_o universal_a proposition_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o their_o real_a truth_n or_o falshood_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o general_a proposition_n as_o those_o which_o most_o employ_v our_o thought_n and_o exercise_v our_o contemplation_n general_a truth_n be_v most_o look_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n as_o those_o that_o most_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n and_o by_o their_o comprehensiveness_n satisfy_v we_o at_o once_o of_o many_o particular_n enlarge_v our_o view_n and_o shorten_v our_o way_n to_o knowledge_n §_o 11._o beside_o truth_n take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n beforementioned_a there_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o truth_n as_o 1._o moral_a truth_n which_o be_v speak_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o persuasion_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n though_o the_o proposition_n we_o speak_v agree_v not_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n 2._o metaphysical_a truth_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v their_o name_n this_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o very_a being_n of_o thing_n yet_o when_o consider_v a_o little_a near_o will_v appear_v to_o include_v a_o tacit_n proposition_n whereby_o the_o mind_n join_v that_o particular_a thing_n to_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v before_o settle_v with_o a_o name_n to_o it_o but_o these_o consideration_n of_o truth_n either_o have_v be_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o not_o be_v much_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o may_v suffice_v here_o only_o to_o have_v mention_v they_o chap._n vi_o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n §_o 1._o though_o the_o examine_n and_o judge_v of_o idea_n by_o themselves_o their_o name_n be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o be_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a way_n to_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n yet_o through_o the_o prevail_a custom_n of_o use_v sound_n for_o idea_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o practise_v and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v how_o common_a it_o be_v for_o name_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o man_n think_v and_o reason_n within_o their_o own_o breast_n especial_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v very_o complex_fw-la and_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a collection_n of_o simple_a one_o this_o make_v the_o consideration_n of_o word_n and_o proposition_n so_o necessary_a a_o part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o speak_v intelligible_o of_o the_o one_o without_o explain_v the_o other_o §_o 2._o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v only_o of_o particular_a or_o general_a truth_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o whatever_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v that_o which_o with_o reason_n be_v most_o seek_v after_o can_v never_o be_v well_o make_v know_v and_o be_v very_o seldom_o apprehend_v but_o as_o conceive_v and_o express_v in_o word_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o out_o of_o our_o way_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o our_o knowledge_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o universal_a proposition_n §_o 3._o but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mislead_v in_o this_o case_n by_o that_o which_o be_v the_o danger_n everywhere_o i_o mean_v by_o the_o doubtfulness_n of_o term_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o certainty_n be_v twofold_a certainty_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n certainty_n of_o truth_n be_v when_o word_n be_v so_o put_v together_o in_o proposition_n as_o exact_o to_o express_v agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o as_o real_o it_o be_v certainty_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n this_o we_o usual_o call_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n §_o 4._o now_o because_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o general_a proposition_n unless_o we_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n its_o term_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v necessary_a we_o shall_v know_v the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n which_o be_v that_o which_o constitute_v and_o bound_n it_o this_o in_o all_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o do_v for_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o abstract_n idea_n the_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o be_v the_o sole_a essence_n and_o boundary_a that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v suppose_v of_o the_o species_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n how_o far_o the_o species_n extend_v or_o what_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o each_o term_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v all_o that_o have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o and_o no_o other_o but_o in_o substance_n where_o a_o real_a essence_n distinct_a from_o the_o nominal_a be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v determine_v and_o bind_v the_o species_n there_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o general_a word_n be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o not_o know_v this_o real_a essence_n we_o can_v know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o of_o that_o species_n and_o consequent_o what_o may_v or_o may_v not_o with_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n or_o gold_n or_o any_o other_o species_n of_o natural_a substance_n as_o suppose_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o partake_v of_o that_o real_a essence_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v that_o species_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n make_v of_o it_o for_o man_n or_o gold_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n and_o use_v for_o species_n of_o thing_n constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n different_a from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n stand_v for_o we_o know_v not_o what_o and_o the_o extent_n of_o these_o species_n with_o such_o boundary_n be_v so_o unknown_a and_o undetermined_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a with_o any_o certainty_n to_o affirm_v that_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o that_o all_o gold_n be_v yellow_a but_o where_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v keep_v to_o as_o the_o boundary_a of_o each_o species_n and_o man_n extend_v the_o application_n of_o any_o general_a term_n no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o particular_a thing_n in_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o stand_v for_o be_v to_o be_v find_v there_o they_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n to_o mistake_v the_o bound_n of_o each_o species_n or_o be_v in_o doubt_n on_o this_o account_n whether_o any_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o no._n i_o have_v choose_v to_o explain_v this_o uncertainty_n of_o proposition_n in_o this_o scholastic_a way_n and_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o term_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n on_o purpose_n to_o show_v the_o absurdity_n and_o inconvenience_n there_o be_v to_o think_v of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o reality_n than_o bare_o abstract_a idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o sort_n of_o they_o under_o general_a name_n according_a as_o they_o
agree_v to_o several_a abstract_n idea_n of_o which_o we_o make_v those_o name_n the_o sign_n be_v to_o confound_v truth_n and_o introduce_v uncertainty_n into_o all_o general_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v make_v about_o they_o though_o therefore_o these_o thing_n may_v to_o people_n not_o possess_v with_o scholastic_a learning_n be_v perhaps_o treat_v of_o in_o a_o better_a and_o clear_a way_n yet_o those_o wrong_a notion_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n have_v get_v root_n in_o most_o people_n mind_n who_o have_v receive_v any_o tincture_n from_o the_o learning_n which_o have_v prevail_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v and_o remove_v to_o make_v way_n for_o that_o use_n of_o word_n which_o shall_v convey_v certainty_n with_o it_o §_o 5._o the_o name_n of_o substance_n then_o wheâ—ever_o make_v to_o stand_v for_o species_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n which_o we_o know_v not_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o convey_v certainty_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o general_a proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o term_n we_o can_v be_v sure_o §_o 6._o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n when_o make_v use_v of_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o idea_n man_n have_v in_o their_o mind_n though_o they_o carry_v a_o clear_a and_o determinate_a signification_n with_o they_o will_v not_o yet_o serve_v we_o to_o make_v many_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a not_o because_o in_o this_o use_n of_o they_o we_o be_v uncertain_a what_o thing_n be_v signify_v by_o they_o but_o because_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v such_o combination_n of_o simple_a one_o as_o carry_v not_o with_o they_o any_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o repugnancy_n but_o with_o a_o very_a few_o other_o idea_n §_o 7._o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n proper_o stand_v for_o be_v collection_n of_o such_o quality_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o co-exist_a but_o what_o other_o quality_n necessary_o co-exist_a with_o such_o combination_n we_o can_v certain_o know_v unless_o we_o can_v discover_v their_o natural_a dependence_n which_o in_o their_o primary_n quality_n we_o can_v go_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n in_o and_o in_o all_o their_o secundary_a quality_n we_o can_v discover_v no_o connexion_n at_o all_o for_o the_o reason_n mention_v chap._n 3._o viz._n 1._o because_o we_o know_v not_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o substance_n on_o which_o each_o secundary_a quality_n particular_o depend_v 2._o do_v we_o know_v that_o it_o will_v serve_v we_o only_o for_o experimental_a not_o universal_a knowledge_n and_o reach_v with_o certainty_n no_o far_o than_o that_o bare_a instance_n because_o our_o understanding_n can_v discover_v no_o conceivable_a connexion_n between_o any_o secundary_a quality_n and_o any_o modification_n whatsoever_o of_o any_o of_o the_o primary_n one_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v very_o few_o general_a proposition_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v substance_n which_o can_v carry_v with_o they_o undoubted_a certainty_n §_o 8._o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v be_v a_o proposition_n who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o how_o universal_o soever_o it_o be_v believe_v for_o if_o according_a to_o the_o useless_a imagination_n of_o the_o school_n any_o one_o suppose_v the_o term_n gold_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n set_v out_o by_o nature_n by_o a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o know_v not_o what_o particular_a substance_n be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o so_o can_v with_o certainty_n affirm_v any_o thing_n universal_o of_o gold_n but_o if_o he_o make_v gold_n stand_v for_o a_o species_n determine_v by_o its_o nominal_a essence_n let_v the_o nominal_a essence_n for_o example_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a yellow_a colour_n malleable_a susible_a and_o heavy_a than_o any_o other_o know_v in_o this_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n but_o yet_o no_o other_o quality_n can_v with_o certainty_n be_v universal_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o gold_n but_o what_o have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o inconsistency_n with_o that_o nominal_a essence_n fixedness_n for_o example_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n that_o we_o can_v discover_v with_o the_o colour_n weight_n or_o any_o other_o simple_a idea_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la one_o or_o with_o the_o whole_a combination_n together_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o we_o shall_v certain_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n that_o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v §_o 9_o as_o there_o be_v no_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o fixedness_n and_o the_o colour_n weight_n and_o other_o simple_a idea_n of_o that_o nominal_a essence_n of_o goldâ—_n â—_z so_o if_o we_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n a_o body_n yellow_a fusible_a ductile_a weighty_a and_o fix_v we_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o same_o uncertainty_n concern_v solubility_n in_o aq._n regius_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n since_o we_o can_v never_o from_o consideration_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o with_o certainty_n affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o a_o body_n who_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v make_v up_o of_o yellow_a very_o weighty_a ductile_a fusible_a and_o fix_v that_o it_o be_v soluble_a in_o aq._n regius_fw-la and_o so_o on_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o quality_n i_o will_v glad_o meet_v with_o one_o general_a affirmation_n concern_v any_o quality_n of_o gold_n that_o any_o one_o can_v certain_o know_v be_v true_a it_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v present_o object_v be_v not_o this_o a_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n all_o gold_n be_v malleableâ—_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v a_o very_a certain_a proposition_n if_o malleableness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o but_o then_o here_o be_v nothing_o affirm_v of_o gold_n but_o that_o that_o sound_v stand_v for_o a_o idea_n in_o which_o malleableness_n be_v contain_v and_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o this_o it_o be_v to_o say_v a_o centaur_n be_v fourfooted_a but_o if_o malleableness_n make_v not_o a_o part_n of_o the_o specific_a essence_n the_o name_n gold_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v plain_a all_o gold_n be_v malleable_a be_v not_o a_o certain_a proposition_n because_o let_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v up_o of_o whichsoever_o of_o its_o other_o quality_n you_o please_v malleableness_n will_v not_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n nor_o follow_v from_o any_o simple_a one_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o connexion_n that_o malleableness_n have_v if_o it_o have_v any_o with_o those_o other_o quality_n be_v only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n which_o since_o we_o know_v not_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v perceive_v that_o connexion_n unless_o we_o can_v discover_v that_o which_o tie_v they_o together_o §_o 10._o the_o more_o indeed_o of_o these_o co-existing_a quality_n we_o unite_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n under_o one_o name_n the_o more_o precise_a and_o determinate_a we_o make_v the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n but_o yet_o never_o make_v it_o more_o capable_a of_o universal_a certainty_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o quality_n not_o contain_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n since_o we_o perceive_v not_o their_o connexion_n or_o dependence_n one_o on_o another_o be_v ignorant_a both_o of_o that_o real_a constitution_n in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o found_v and_o also_o how_o they_o flow_v from_o it_o for_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n be_v not_o as_o in_o other_o thing_n bare_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o two_o idea_n that_o may_v exist_v separately_z but_o of_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o coexistence_n of_o several_a distinct_a idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a or_o of_o their_o repugnancy_n so_o to_o co-exist_a can_v we_o begin_v at_o the_o other_o end_n and_o discover_v what_o it_o be_v wherein_o that_o colour_n consist_v what_o make_v a_o body_n light_a or_o heavy_a what_o texture_n of_o part_n make_v it_o malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v and_o fit_a to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o this_o sort_n of_o liquor_n and_o not_o in_o another_o if_o i_o say_v we_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n as_o this_o of_o body_n and_o can_v perceive_v wherein_o all_o sensible_a quality_n original_o consist_v and_o how_o they_o be_v produce_v we_o may_v frame_v such_o abstract_n idea_n of_o they_o as_o will_v furnish_v we_o with_o matter_n of_o more_o general_a knowledge_n and_o enable_v we_o to_o make_v universal_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v general_a truth_n and_o certainty_n with_o they_o but_o whilst_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n be_v
contain_v in_o the_o other_o twenty_o time_n and_o contain_v the_o other_o twelve_o which_o a_o man_n may_v also_o do_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n by_o make_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o more_o or_o less_o or_o equal_o comprehensive_a §_o 11._o though_o yet_o concern_v most_o word_n use_v in_o discourse_n especial_o argumentative_a and_o controversial_a there_o be_v this_o more_o to_o be_v complain_v of_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a sort_n of_o trifle_a and_o which_o set_v we_o yet_o far_o from_o the_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n we_o hope_v to_o attain_v by_o they_o or_o find_v in_o they_o viz._n that_o most_o writer_n be_v so_o far_o from_o instruct_v we_o in_o the_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o use_v their_o word_n loose_o and_o uncertain_o and_o do_v not_o by_o use_v they_o constant_o and_o steady_o in_o the_o same_o signification_n make_v plain_a and_o clear_a deduction_n of_o word_n one_o from_o another_o and_o make_v their_o discourse_n coherent_a and_o clear_a how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v instructive_a which_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o do_v do_v they_o not_o find_v it_o convenient_a to_o shelter_v their_o ignorance_n or_o obstinacy_n under_o the_o obscurity_n and_o perplexedness_n of_o their_o term_n to_o which_o perhaps_o inadvertency_n and_o ill_a custom_n do_v in_o many_o man_n much_o contribute_v §_o 12._o to_o conclude_v bare_o verbal_a proposition_n may_v be_v know_v by_o these_o follow_a mark_n first_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o two_o abstract_a term_n be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o sound_n for_o since_o no_o abstract_a idea_n can_v be_v the_o same_o with_o any_o other_o but_o its_o self_n when_o its_o abstract_n name_n be_v affirm_v of_o any_o other_o term_n it_o can_v signify_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o it_o may_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n or_o that_o these_o two_o name_n signify_v the_o same_o idea_n thus_o shall_v any_o one_o say_v that_o parsimony_n be_v frugality_n that_o gratitude_n be_v justice_n that_o this_o or_o that_o action_n be_v or_o â—s_v not_o temperance_n however_o specious_a these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v yet_o when_o we_o come_v to_o press_v they_o and_o examine_v nice_o what_o they_o contain_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o all_o amount_n to_o nothing_o but_o the_o signfication_n of_o those_o term_n §_o 13._o second_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o be_v predicate_v of_o that_o term_n be_v only_o verbal_a v_o g._n to_o say_v that_o gold_n be_v a_o metal_n or_o heavy_a and_o thus_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o more_o comprehensive_a word_n call_v genera_n be_v affirm_v of_o subordinate_a or_o less_o comprehensive_a call_v species_n or_o individual_n be_v bare_o verbal_a when_o by_o these_o two_o rule_n we_o have_v examine_v the_o proposition_n that_o make_v up_o the_o discourse_n we_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o both_o in_o and_o out_o of_o book_n we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o than_o be_v usual_o suspect_v be_v pure_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o contain_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o the_o use_n and_o application_n of_o these_o sign_n this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o infallible_a rule_n that_o wherever_o the_o distinct_a idea_n any_o word_n stand_v for_o be_v not_o know_v and_o consider_v and_o something_o not_o contain_v in_o that_o idea_n be_v not_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o it_o there_o our_o thought_n stick_v whole_o in_o sound_n and_o be_v able_a to_o attain_v no_o real_a truth_n or_o falsehood_n this_o perhaps_o if_o well_o heed_v may_v save_v we_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o useless_a amusement_n and_o dispute_n and_o very_o much_o shorten_v our_o trouble_n and_o wander_v in_o the_o search_n of_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n chap._n ix_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n §_o 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o consider_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o abstract_a idea_n and_o thereby_o remove_v in_o our_o thought_n from_o particular_a existence_n that_o be_v the_o proper_a operation_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o abstraction_n to_o consider_v a_o idea_n under_o no_o other_o existence_n but_o what_o it_o have_v in_o the_o understanding_n give_v we_o no_o knowledge_n of_o real_a existence_n at_o all_o where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n we_o can_v have_v certain_a knowledge_n concern_v not_o existence_n and_o far_o that_o all_o particular_a affirmation_n or_o negation_n that_o will_v not_o be_v certain_a if_o they_o be_v make_v general_a be_v only_o concern_v existence_n they_o declare_v only_o the_o accidental_a union_n or_o separation_n of_o idea_n in_o thing_n exist_v which_o in_o their_o abstract_n nature_n have_v no_o know_v necessary_a union_n or_o repugnancy_n §_o 2._o but_o leave_v the_o nature_n of_o proposition_n and_o different_a way_n of_o predication_n to_o be_v consider_v more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n let_v we_o proceed_v now_o to_o inquire_v concern_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o say_v then_o that_o we_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n by_o intuition_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o god_n by_o demonstrationâ—_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n by_o sensation_n §_o 3._o as_o for_o our_o own_o existence_n we_o perceive_v it_o so_o plain_o and_o so_o certain_o that_o it_o neither_o needs_o nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o than_o our_o own_o existence_n i_o think_v i_o reason_n i_o feel_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n can_v any_o of_o these_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o i_o than_o my_o own_o existence_n if_o i_o doubt_v of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o very_a doubt_n make_v i_o perceive_v my_o own_o existence_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v i_o to_o doubt_v of_o that_o for_o if_o i_o know_v i_o feel_v pain_n it_o be_v evident_a i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o my_o own_o existence_n as_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o pain_n i_o feel_v or_o if_o i_o know_v i_o doubt_v i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n doubt_v as_o of_o that_o thought_n which_o i_o call_v doubt_n experience_n then_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n and_o a_o internal_a infallible_a perception_n that_o we_o be_v in_o every_o act_n of_o sensation_n reason_v or_o think_v we_o be_v conscious_a to_o ourselves_o of_o our_o own_o be_v and_o in_o this_o matter_n come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o certainty_n chap._n x._o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god._n §_o 1._o though_o god_n have_v give_v we_o no_o innate_a idea_n of_o himself_o though_o he_o have_v stamp_v no_o original_a character_n in_o our_o mind_n wherein_o we_o may_v read_v his_o be_v yet_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o those_o faculty_n our_o mind_n be_v endow_v with_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v himself_o without_o witness_n since_o we_o have_v sense_n perception_n and_o reason_n and_o can_v want_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o he_o as_o long_o as_o we_o carry_v ourselves_o about_o we_o nor_o can_v we_o just_o complain_v of_o our_o ignorance_n in_o this_o great_a point_n since_o he_o have_v so_o plentiful_o provide_v we_o with_o the_o mean_n to_o discover_v and_o know_v he_o so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o be_v and_o the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o happiness_n but_o though_o this_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a truth_n that_o reason_n discover_v and_o though_o its_o evidence_n be_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o equal_a to_o mathematical_a certainty_n yet_o it_o require_v thought_n and_o attention_n and_o the_o mind_n must_v apply_v its_o self_n to_o a_o regular_a deduction_n of_o it_o from_o some_o unquestionable_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o else_o we_o shall_v be_v as_o uncertain_a and_o ignorant_a of_o this_o as_o of_o other_o proposition_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o capable_a of_o clear_a demonstration_n to_o show_v therefore_o that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v certain_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o think_v we_o need_v look_v no_o far_o than_o ourselves_o and_o that_o undoubted_a knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o our_o own_o existence_n §_o 2._o i_o think_v it_o be_v beyond_o question_n that_o man_n have_v a_o clear_a perception_n of_o his_o own_o be_v he_o know_v certain_o that_o he_o exist_v and_o that_o he_o be_v something_o he_o that_o can_v doubt_v whether_o he_o be_v any_o thing_n or_o no_o i_o speak_v
not_o to_o no_o more_o than_o i_o will_v argue_v with_o pure_a nothing_o or_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v nonentity_n that_o it_o be_v something_o if_o any_o one_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o sceptical_a as_o to_o deny_v his_o own_o existence_n for_o real_o to_o doubt_v of_o it_o be_v manifest_o impossible_a let_v he_o for_o i_o enjoy_v his_o belove_a happiness_n of_o be_v nothing_o until_o hunger_n or_o some_o other_o pain_n convince_v he_o of_o the_o contrary_n this_o then_o i_o think_v i_o may_v take_v for_o a_o truth_n which_o every_a one_o certain_a knowledge_n assure_v he_o of_o beyond_o the_o liberty_n of_o doubt_v viz._n that_o he_o be_v something_o that_o actual_o exist_v §_o 3._o in_o the_o next_o place_n man_n know_v by_o a_o intuitive_a certainty_n that_o bear_v nothing_o can_v no_o more_o produce_v any_o real_a be_v than_o it_o can_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n if_o a_o man_n know_v not_o that_o nonentity_n or_o the_o absence_n of_o all_o be_v can_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v impossible_a he_o shall_v know_v any_o demonstration_n in_o euclid_n if_o therefore_o we_o know_v there_o be_v some_o real_a be_v and_o that_o nonentity_n can_v produce_v any_o real_a be_v it_o be_v a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o from_o eternity_n there_o have_v be_v something_o since_o what_o be_v not_o from_o eternity_n have_v a_o beginning_n and_o what_o have_v a_o beginning_n must_v be_v produce_v by_o something_o else_o §_o 4._o next_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o what_o have_v its_o be_v and_o begin_v from_o another_o must_v also_o have_v all_o that_o which_o be_v in_o and_o belong_v to_o its_o be_v from_o another_o too_o all_o the_o power_n it_o have_v must_v be_v owe_v to_o and_o receive_v from_o the_o same_o source_n this_o eternal_a source_n then_o of_o all_o be_v must_v also_o be_v the_o source_n and_o original_a of_o all_o power_n and_o so_o this_o eternal_a be_v must_v be_v also_o the_o most_o powerful_a §_o 5._o again_o a_o man_n find_v in_o himself_o perception_n and_o knowledge_n we_o have_v then_o get_v one_o step_n far_o and_o we_o be_v certain_a now_o that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o some_o be_v but_o some_o know_a intelligent_a be_v in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v a_o time_n then_o when_o there_o be_v no_o know_v be_v and_o when_o knowledge_n begin_v to_o be_v or_o else_o there_o have_v be_v also_o a_o know_v be_v from_o eternity_n if_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o no_o be_v have_v any_o knowledge_n when_o that_o eternal_a be_v be_v void_a of_o all_o understanding_n i_o reply_v that_o then_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v ever_o have_v be_v any_o knowledge_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o thing_n whole_o void_a of_o knowledge_n and_o operate_a blind_o and_o without_o any_o perception_n shall_v produce_v a_o know_a be_v as_o it_o be_v impossile_a that_o a_o triangle_n shall_v make_v itself_o three_o angle_n big_a than_o two_o right_a one_o for_o it_o be_v as_o repugnant_a to_o the_o idea_n of_o senseless_a matter_n that_o it_o shall_v put_v into_o itself_o sense_n perception_n and_o knowledge_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n that_o it_o shall_v put_v into_o itself_o great_a angle_n than_o two_o right_a one_o §_o 6._o thus_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o ourselves_o and_o what_o we_o infallible_o find_v in_o our_o own_o constitution_n our_o reason_n lead_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o certain_a and_o evident_a truth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o eternal_a most_o powerful_a and_o most_o know_v be_v which_o whether_o any_o one_o will_v please_v to_o call_v god_n it_o matter_n not_o the_o thing_n be_v evident_a and_o from_o this_o idea_n due_o consider_v will_v easy_o be_v deduce_v all_o those_o other_o attribute_n we_o ought_v to_o ascribe_v to_o this_o eternal_a be_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v plain_a to_o i_o we_o have_v a_o more_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n than_o of_o any_o thing_n our_o sense_n have_v not_o immediate_o discover_v to_o we_o nay_o i_o presume_v i_o may_v say_v that_o we_o more_o certanly_a know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n than_o that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o without_o we_o when_o i_o say_v we_o know_v i_o mean_v there_o be_v such_o a_o knowledge_n within_o our_o reach_n which_o we_o can_v miss_v if_o we_o will_v but_o apply_v our_o mind_n to_o that_o as_o we_o do_v to_o several_a other_o inquiry_n §_o 7._o how_o far_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o most_o perfect_a be_v which_o a_o man_n may_v frame_v in_o his_o mind_n do_v or_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n i_o will_v not_o here_o examine_v for_o in_o the_o different_a make_n of_o man_n temper_n and_o application_n of_o their_o thought_n some_o argument_n prevail_v more_o on_o one_o and_o some_o on_o another_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o truth_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v this_o i_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ill_a way_n of_o establish_v this_o truth_n and_o silence_v atheist_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o so_o important_a a_o point_n as_o this_o upon_o that_o sole_a foundation_n and_o take_v some_o man_n have_v that_o idea_n of_o god_n in_o their_o mind_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a some_o man_n have_v none_o and_o some_o worse_a than_o none_o and_o the_o most_o very_a different_a for_o the_o only_a proof_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o out_o of_o a_o over_o fondness_n of_o that_o darling_n invention_n cashier_v or_o at_o least_o endeavour_n to_o invalidate_v all_o other_o argument_n and_o forbid_v we_o to_o hearken_v to_o those_o proof_n as_o be_v weak_a or_o fallacious_a which_o our_o own_o existence_n and_o the_o sensible_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n offer_v so_o clear_o and_o cogent_o to_o our_o thought_n that_o i_o deem_v it_o impossible_a for_o a_o consider_a man_n to_o withstand_v they_o for_o i_o judge_v it_o as_o certain_a and_o clear_v a_o truth_n as_o can_v any_o where_o be_v deliver_v that_o the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o god_n be_v clear_o see_v from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v even_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n though_o our_o own_o be_v furnish_v we_o as_o i_o have_v show_v with_o a_o evident_a and_o incontestable_a proof_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o i_o believe_v no_o body_n can_v avoid_v the_o cogency_n of_o it_o who_o will_v but_o as_o careful_o attend_v to_o it_o as_o to_o any_o other_o demonstration_n of_o so_o many_o part_n yet_o this_o be_v so_o fundamental_a a_o truth_n and_o of_o that_o consequence_n that_o all_o religion_n and_o genuine_a morality_n depend_v thereon_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v forgive_v by_o my_o reader_n if_o i_o go_v over_o some_o part_n of_o this_o argument_n again_o and_o enlarge_v a_o little_a more_o upon_o they_o §_o 8._o there_o be_v no_o truth_n more_o evident_a than_o that_o something_o must_v be_v from_o eternity_n i_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o any_o one_o so_o unreasonable_a or_o that_o can_v suppose_v so_o manifest_a a_o contradiction_n as_o a_o time_n wherein_o there_o be_v perfect_o nothing_o this_o be_v of_o all_o absurdity_n the_o great_a to_o imagine_v that_o pure_a nothing_o the_o perfect_a negation_n and_o absence_n of_o all_o being_n shall_v ever_o produce_v any_o real_a existence_n it_o be_v then_o unavoidable_a for_o all_o rational_a creature_n to_o conclude_v that_o something_o have_v exi_v from_o eternity_n let_v we_o next_o see_v what_o kind_n of_o thing_n that_o must_v be_v §_o 9_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o man_n know_v or_o conceive_v first_o such_o as_o be_v pure_o material_a without_o sense_n perception_n or_o thought_n as_o the_o clipping_n of_o our_o beard_n and_o pare_n of_o our_o nail_n second_o sensible_a think_v perceive_v being_n such_o as_o we_o find_v ourselves_o to_o be_v which_o if_o you_o please_v we_o will_v hereafter_o call_v cogitative_a and_o incogitative_a being_n which_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n if_o for_o nothing_o else_o be_v perhaps_o better_a term_n than_o material_a and_o immaterial_a §_o 10._o if_o then_o there_o must_v be_v something_o eternal_a let_v we_o see_v what_o sort_n of_o be_v it_o must_v be_v and_o to_o that_o it_o be_v very_o obvious_a to_o reason_n that_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o cogitative_a be_v for_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o ever_o bare_a incogitative_a matter_n shall_v produce_v a_o think_v intelligent_a be_v as_o that_o nothing_o shall_v of_o itself_o produce_v matter_n let_v we_o suppose_v any_o part_n of_o matter_n eternal_a great_a or_o small_a we_o shall_v find_v it_o in_o itself_o able_a to_o produce_v
world_n but_o perish_v quick_o the_o wholesomeness_n of_o his_o meat_n or_o drink_n will_v be_v scarce_o capable_a of_o certainty_n enough_o to_o give_v he_o reason_n to_o venture_v on_o it_o and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o it_o be_v he_o can_v do_v upon_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o doubt_n no_o objection_n §_o 11._o as_o when_o our_o sense_n be_v actual_o employ_v about_o any_o object_n we_o do_v know_v that_o it_o do_v exist_v so_o by_o our_o memory_n we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o heretofore_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n have_v exi_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o past_a existence_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o our_o sense_n have_v inform_v we_o our_o memory_n still_o retain_v the_o idea_n and_o of_o this_o we_o be_v pass_v all_o doubt_n so_o long_o as_o we_o remember_v well_o but_o this_o knowledge_n also_o reach_v no_o far_a than_o our_o sense_n have_v former_o assure_v we_o thus_o see_v water_n at_o this_o instant_n it_o be_v a_o unquestionable_a truth_n to_o i_o that_o water_n do_v exist_v and_o remember_v that_o i_o see_v it_o yesterday_o it_o will_v also_o be_v always_o true_a and_o as_o long_o as_o my_o memory_n retain_v it_o always_o a_o undoubted_a proposition_n to_o i_o that_o water_n do_v exist_v 10_o july_n 1688._o as_o it_o will_v also_o be_v equal_o true_a that_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o very_o fine_a colour_n do_v exist_v which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v upon_o a_o bubble_n of_o that_o water_n but_o be_v now_o quite_o out_o of_o the_o sight_n both_o of_o the_o water_n and_o bubble_n too_o it_o be_v no_o more_o certain_o know_v to_o i_o that_o the_o water_n do_v exist_v than_o that_o the_o bubble_n or_o colour_n therein_o it_o be_v no_o more_o necessary_a that_o water_n shall_v exist_v to_o day_n because_o it_o exist_v yesterday_o than_o that_o the_o colour_n or_o bubble_n exist_v to_o day_n because_o they_o exist_v yesterday_o though_o it_o be_v exceed_o much_o more_o probable_a because_o water_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o existence_n but_o bubble_n and_o the_o colour_n on_o they_o quick_o cease_v to_o be_v §_o 12._o what_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o spirit_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o they_o i_o have_v already_o show_v but_o though_o we_o have_v those_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o know_v we_o have_v they_o there_o the_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o spirit_n do_v not_o make_v we_o know_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n do_v exist_v without_o we_o or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o finite_a spirit_n or_o any_o other_o spiritual_a being_n but_o the_o eternal_a god._n we_o have_v ground_n from_o revelation_n and_o several_a other_o reason_n to_o believe_v with_o assurance_n that_o there_o be_v such_o creature_n but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v they_o we_o want_v the_o mean_n of_o know_v their_o particular_a existence_n for_o we_o can_v no_o more_o know_v that_o there_o be_v finite_a spirit_n real_o exist_v by_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o such_o being_n in_o our_o mind_n than_o by_o the_o idea_n any_o one_o have_v of_o fairy_n or_o centaur_n he_o can_v come_v to_o know_v that_o thing_n answer_v those_o idea_n do_v real_o exist_v and_o therefore_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o finite_a spirit_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o thing_n we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o the_o evidence_n of_o faith_n but_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n concern_v this_o matter_n be_v beyond_o our_o reach_n for_o however_o true_a it_o may_v be_v v_o g._n that_o all_o the_o intelligent_a spirit_n that_o god_n ever_o create_v do_v still_o exist_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o make_v a_o part_n of_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n we_o may_v assent_v to_o as_o high_o probable_a but_o be_v not_o i_o fear_v in_o this_o sâ—ate_n capable_a of_o know_v we_o be_v not_o then_o to_o put_v other_o upon_o demonstrate_v nor_o ourselves_o upon_o search_n of_o universal_a certainty_n in_o all_o those_o matter_n wherein_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o other_o knowledge_n but_o what_o our_o sense_n give_v we_o in_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a §_o 13._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n one_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n answerable_a to_o such_o a_o idea_n as_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o elephant_n phoenix_n motion_n or_o a_o angel_n in_o my_o mind_n the_o first_o and_o natural_a enquiry_n be_v whether_o such_o a_o thing_n do_v any_o where_o exist_v and_o this_o knowledge_n be_v only_o of_o particular_n no_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o but_o only_o of_o god_n can_v certain_o be_v know_v far_a than_o our_o sense_n inform_v we_o there_o be_v another_o fort_n of_o proposition_n wherein_o be_v express_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o abstract_n idea_n and_o their_o dependence_n one_o on_o another_o and_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v universal_a and_o certain_a so_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o myself_o of_o fear_n and_o obedience_n i_o can_v but_o be_v sure_a that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v and_o obey_v by_o i_o and_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v certain_a concern_v man_n in_o general_n if_o i_o have_v make_v a_o abstract_n idea_n of_o such_o a_o species_n whereof_o i_o be_o one_o particular_a but_o yet_o this_o proposition_n how_o certain_a soever_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o fear_v and_o obey_v god_n prove_v not_o to_o i_o the_o existence_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n but_o will_v be_v true_a of_o all_o such_o creature_n whenever_o they_o do_v exist_v which_o certainty_n of_o such_o general_a proposition_n depend_v on_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v in_o those_o abstract_n idea_n §_o 14._o in_o the_o former_a case_n our_o knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n produce_v idea_n in_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sensesâ—_n in_o the_o latter_a knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v and_o produce_v general_a certain_a proposition_n many_o whereof_o be_v call_v aeterâ—ae_fw-la veritates_fw-la and_o be_v indeed_o so_o not_o from_o be_v write_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n or_o that_o they_o be_v before_o the_o world_n but_o wheresoever_o we_o can_v suppose_v such_o a_o creature_n as_o man_n be_v endow_v with_o such_o faculty_n and_o thereby_o furnish_v with_o such_o idea_n as_o we_o have_v we_o must_v conclude_v he_o must_v needs_o when_o he_o apply_v his_o thought_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o idea_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o certain_a proposition_n that_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n he_o will_v perceive_v among_o they_o for_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v perpetual_o for_o the_o same_o idea_n and_o the_o same_o idea_n have_v immutable_o the_o same_o habitude_n one_o to_o another_o proposition_n concern_v any_o abstract_a idea_n that_o be_v onâ—e_o true_a must_v needs_o be_v eternal_a verity_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o it_o have_v be_v the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n among_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o maxim_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o that_o the_o science_n be_v each_o of_o they_o build_v upon_o certain_a praecognita_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o understanding_n be_v to_o take_v its_o rise_n and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v to_o conduct_v itself_o in_o its_o inquiry_n into_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o that_o science_n the_o beat_a road_n of_o the_o school_n have_v be_v to_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n one_o or_o more_o general_a proposition_n as_o foundation_n whereon_o to_o build_v the_o knowledge_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o subject_a these_o doctrine_n thus_o lay_v down_o for_o foundation_n of_o any_o science_n be_v call_v principle_n as_o the_o beginning_n from_o which_o we_o must_v set_v out_o and_o look_v no_o far_o backward_o in_o our_o inquiry_n but_o take_v these_o for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a truth_n and_o establish_v principle_n §_o 2._o that_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o this_o way_n of_o proceed_v in_o other_o science_n be_v as_o i_o suppose_v the_o good_a success_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v in_o mathematics_n wherein_o man_n be_v observe_v to_o attain_v a_o great_a certainty_n of_o knowledge_n these_o science_n come_v by_o pre-eminence_n to_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d learning_n or_o thing_n learn_v thorough_o learn_v as_o have_v of_o all_o other_o the_o great_a certainty_n clearness_n and_o evidence_n in_o they_o §_o 3._o but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v consider_v he_o will_v i_o guess_v find_v that_o the_o great_a advancement_n and_o certainty_n of_o real_a
of_o gradation_n or_o impatient_a of_o delay_n light_o survey_v or_o whole_o pass_v over_o the_o proof_n and_o so_o without_o make_v out_o the_o demonstration_n determine_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o view_n of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n and_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o as_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o they_o upon_o such_o a_o loose_a survey_n this_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o about_o thing_n be_v call_v judgement_n when_o about_o truth_n deliver_v in_o word_n be_v most_o common_o call_v assent_n or_o dissent_n which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a way_n wherein_o the_o mind_n have_v occasion_n to_o employ_v this_o faculty_n i_o shall_v under_o these_o term_n treat_v of_o it_o as_o least_o liable_a in_o our_o language_n to_o equivocation_n §_o 4._o thus_o the_o mind_n have_v two_o faculty_n conversant_a about_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n first_o knowledge_n whereby_o it_o certain_o perceive_v and_o be_v undoubted_o satisfy_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o idea_n second_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o put_v idea_n together_o or_o separate_v they_o from_o one_o another_o in_o the_o mind_n when_o their_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o presume_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v as_o the_o word_n import_v take_v to_o be_v so_o before_o it_o certain_o appear_v and_o if_o it_o so_o unite_v or_o separate_v they_o as_o in_o reality_n thing_n be_v it_o be_v right_a judgement_n chap._n xv._n of_o probability_n §_o 1._o as_o demonstration_n be_v the_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o one_o or_o more_o proof_n which_o have_v a_o constant_a immutable_a and_o visible_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o so_o probability_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o appearance_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o proof_n who_o connexion_n be_v not_o constant_a and_o immutable_a or_o at_o least_o be_v not_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o but_o be_v or_o appear_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v so_o and_o be_v enough_o to_o induce_v the_o mind_n to_o judge_v the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a rather_o than_o the_o contrary_n for_o example_n in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o a_o man_n perceive_v the_o certain_a immutable_a connexion_n there_o be_v of_o equality_n between_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o those_o intermediate_v one_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o show_v their_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o so_o by_o a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o progress_n the_o whole_a series_n be_v continue_v with_o a_o evidence_n which_o clear_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o three_o angle_n in_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o thus_o he_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o another_o man_n who_o never_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v the_o demonstration_n hear_v a_o mathematician_n a_o man_n of_o credit_n affirm_v the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o assent_v to_o it_o i._n e._n receive_v it_o for_o true_a in_o which_o case_n the_o foundation_n of_o his_o assent_n be_v the_o probability_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o proof_n be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n carry_v truth_n with_o it_o the_o man_n on_o who_o testimony_n he_o receive_v it_o not_o be_v wont_a to_o affirm_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o or_o beside_o his_o knowledge_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n so_o that_o that_o which_o cause_v his_o assent_n to_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o that_o which_o make_v he_o take_v these_o idea_n to_o agree_v without_o know_v they_o to_o do_v so_o be_v the_o wont_a veracity_n of_o the_o speaker_n in_o other_o case_n or_o his_o suppose_a veracity_n in_o this_o §_o 2._o our_o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v very_o narrow_a and_o we_o not_o happy_a enough_o to_o find_v certain_a truth_n in_o every_o thing_n we_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v most_o of_o the_o proposition_n we_o think_v reason_n discourse_n nay_o act_n upon_o be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v have_v undoubted_a knowledge_n of_o their_o truth_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o border_n so_o near_o upon_o certainty_n that_o we_o make_v no_o doubt_n at_o all_o about_o they_o but_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o firm_o and_o act_n according_a to_o that_o assent_n as_o vigorous_o as_o if_o they_o be_v infallible_o demonstrate_v and_o that_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v perfect_a and_o certain_a but_o there_o be_v degree_n herein_o from_o the_o very_a neighbourhood_n of_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n quite_o down_o to_o improbability_n and_o unlikeliness_n even_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o impossibility_n and_o also_o degree_n of_o assent_n from_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o what_o be_v next_o it_o full_a assurance_n and_o confidence_n quite_o down_o to_o conjecture_n doubt_v distrust_v and_o disbelief_n i_o shall_v come_v now_o as_o have_v as_o i_o think_v find_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o several_a degree_n and_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o assent_v or_o faith_n §_o 3._o probability_n then_o be_v likeliness_n to_o be_v true_a the_o very_a notation_n of_o the_o word_n signify_v such_o a_o proposition_n for_o which_o there_o be_v argument_n or_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o pass_v or_o be_v receive_v for_o true_a the_o entertainment_n the_o mind_n give_v this_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v call_v belief_n assent_n or_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o admit_v or_o receive_v any_o proposition_n for_o true_a upon_o argument_n or_o proof_n that_o be_v find_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o receive_v it_o as_o true_a without_o certain_a knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v so_o and_o herein_o lie_v the_o difference_n between_o probability_n and_o certainty_n faith_n and_o knowledge_n that_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o knowledge_n there_o be_v intuition_n each_o immediate_a idea_n each_o step_n have_v its_o visible_a and_o certain_a connexion_n in_o belief_n not_o so_o that_o which_o make_v i_o believe_v be_v something_o extraneous_a to_o the_o thing_n i_o believe_v something_o not_o evident_o join_v on_o both_o side_n to_o and_o so_o not_o manifest_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n that_o be_v under_o consideration_n §_o 4._o probability_n then_o be_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o to_o guide_v we_o where_o that_o fail_v it_o be_v always_o conversant_a about_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n but_o only_o some_o inducement_n to_o receive_v it_o for_o true_a the_o ground_n of_o it_o be_v in_o short_a these_o two_o follow_v first_o the_o conformity_n of_o any_o thing_n with_o our_o own_o knowledge_n observation_n and_o experience_n second_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o vouch_v their_o observation_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o number_n 2._o the_o integrity_n 3._o the_o skill_n of_o the_o witness_n 4._o the_o design_n of_o the_o author_n where_o it_o be_v a_o testimony_n out_o of_o a_o book_n cite_v 5._o the_o consistency_n of_o the_o part_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o relation_n 6._o contrary_a testimony_n §_o 5._o now_o probability_n want_v that_o intuitive_a evidence_n which_o infallible_o determine_v the_o understanding_n and_o produce_v certain_a knowledge_n the_o mind_n before_o it_o rational_o assent_v or_o dissent_v to_o any_o probable_a proposition_n aught_o to_o examine_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o see_v how_o they_o make_v more_o or_o less_o for_o or_o against_o it_o and_o upon_o a_o due_a balance_v the_o whole_a reject_v or_o receive_v it_o with_o a_o more_o or_o less_o firm_a assent_n proportionable_o to_o the_o preponderancy_n of_o the_o great_a ground_n of_o probabily_n on_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o for_o example_n if_o i_o myself_o see_v a_o man_n walk_v on_o the_o ice_n it_o be_v past_a probability_n it_o be_v knowledge_n but_o if_o another_o tell_v i_o he_o see_v a_o man_n in_o england_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o sharp_a winter_n walk_v upon_o water_n harden_v with_o cold_a this_o have_v so_o great_a conformity_n with_o what_o be_v usual_o observe_v to_o happen_v that_o i_o be_o dispose_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o assent_v to_o it_o unless_o some_o manifest_a suspicion_n attend_v the_o relation_n of_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o if_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v tell_v to_o one_o bear_v between_o the_o tropic_n who_o never_o
look_v on_o several_a of_o the_o demonstration_n of_o ancient_a mathematician_n and_o can_v scarce_o forbear_v to_o think_v the_o find_v some_o of_o those_o proof_n more_o than_o (null)_o §_o 12._o four_o reason_n be_v often_o engage_v in_o absurdity_n and_o difficulty_n bring_v into_o strait_o and_o contradiction_n without_o know_v how_o to_o free_v itself_o by_o proceed_v upon_o false_a principle_n which_o be_v follow_v lead_v man_n into_o contradiction_n to_o themselves_o and_o inconsistency_n in_o their_o own_o thought_n which_o their_o reason_n be_v so_o far_o from_o clear_v that_o if_o they_o will_v pursue_v it_o it_o entangle_v they_o the_o more_o and_o engage_v they_o deep_o in_o perplexity_n §_o 13._o five_o as_o obscure_v and_o imperfect_a idea_n often_o involve_v our_o reason_n so_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n do_v dubious_a word_n and_o uncertain_a sign_n often_o in_o discourse_n and_o arguing_n when_o not_o wary_o attend_v to_o puzzle_v man_n reason_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o nonplus_n but_o these_o two_o latter_a be_v our_o fault_n and_o not_o the_o fault_n of_o reason_n but_o yet_o the_o consequence_n of_o they_o be_v nevertheless_o obvious_a and_o the_o perplexity_n or_o error_n they_o fill_v man_n mind_n with_o be_v every_o where_o observable_a §_o 14._o some_o of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v so_o there_o that_o they_o can_v be_v by_o themselves_o immediate_o compare_v one_o with_o another_o and_o in_o these_o the_o mind_n be_v able_a to_o perceive_v that_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v as_o clear_o as_o that_o it_o have_v they_o thus_o the_o mind_n perceive_v that_o a_o arch_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v less_o than_o the_o whole_a circle_n as_o clear_o as_o it_o do_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o this_o therefore_o as_o have_v be_v say_v i_o call_v intuitive_a knowledge_n which_o be_v certain_a beyond_o all_o doubt_n and_o needs_o no_o probation_n nor_o can_v have_v any_o this_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o (null)_o certainty_n in_o this_o consist_v the_o evidence_n of_o all_o those_o aeternae_fw-la veritates_fw-la which_o no_o body_n have_v any_o doubt_n about_o but_o every_o man_n do_v not_o as_o be_v say_v only_a assent_n to_o but_o know_v to_o be_v true_a as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v propose_v to_o his_o understanding_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o and_o assent_v to_o these_o truth_n there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o the_o discursive_a faculty_n no_o need_n of_o reason_n but_o they_o be_v know_v by_o a_o superior_a and_o high_a degree_n of_o evidence_n and_o such_o if_o i_o may_v guess_v at_o thing_n unknown_a i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o angel_n have_v now_o and_o the_o spirit_n of_o just_a man_n make_v perfect_a shall_v have_v in_o a_o future_a state_n of_o thousand_o of_o thing_n which_o now_o either_o whole_o escape_v our_o apprehension_n or_o which_o our_o shortsighted_a reason_n have_v get_v some_o faint_a glimpse_n of_o we_o in_o the_o dark_a grope_v after_o §_o 15._o but_o though_o we_o have_v here_o and_o there_o a_o little_a of_o this_o clear_a light_n some_o spark_n of_o bright_a knowledge_n yet_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o that_o we_o can_v discern_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n by_o a_o immediate_a compare_v they_o and_o in_o all_o these_o we_o have_v need_n of_o our_o reason_n and_o must_v by_o discourse_n and_o inference_n make_v our_o discovery_n now_o of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o mention_v here_o again_o first_o those_o who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n though_o it_o can_v be_v see_v by_o a_o immediate_a put_v they_o together_o yet_o may_v be_v examine_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n which_o can_v be_v compare_v with_o they_o wherein_o if_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v plain_o discern_v of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n on_o both_o side_n with_o those_o we_o will_v compare_v there_o it_o be_v demonstration_n and_o it_o produce_v certain_a knowledge_n though_o not_o altogether_o so_o evident_a as_o the_o former_a because_o there_o be_v in_o the_o former_a bare_a intuition_n but_o in_o these_o there_o be_v intuition_n indeed_o but_o not_o altogether_o at_o once_o for_o there_o must_v be_v a_o remembrance_n of_o the_o intuition_n of_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o that_o we_o compare_v it_o with_o before_o when_o we_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o other_o and_o where_o there_o be_v many_o medium_n there_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o mistake_n be_v the_o great_a and_o consequent_o it_o may_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o great_a uncertainty_n but_o yet_o where_o the_o mind_n clear_o retain_v the_o intuition_n it_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n of_o any_o idea_n with_o another_o and_o that_o with_o a_o three_o and_o that_o with_o a_o four_o etc._n etc._n there_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o four_o be_v a_o demonstration_n and_o produce_v certain_a knowledge_n which_o may_v be_v call_v rational_a knowledge_n as_o the_o other_o be_v intuitive_a §_o 16._o second_o there_o be_v other_o idea_n who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v judge_v of_o but_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o which_o have_v not_o a_o certain_a agreement_n with_o the_o extreme_n but_o a_o usual_a or_o likely_a one_o and_o in_o these_o it_o be_v that_o the_o judgement_n be_v proper_o exercise_v which_o be_v the_o acquiesce_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o any_o idea_n do_v agree_v by_o compare_v they_o with_o such_o probable_a medium_n and_o this_o though_o it_o never_o amount_v to_o knowledge_n no_o not_o to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o it_o yet_o sometime_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n tie_v the_o extreme_n so_o firm_o together_o and_o the_o probability_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o strong_a that_o assent_n as_o necessary_o follow_v it_o as_o knowledge_n do_v demonstration_n the_o great_a excellency_n and_o use_v of_o the_o judgement_n be_v to_o observe_v right_o and_o take_v a_o true_a estimate_n of_o the_o force_n and_o weight_n of_o each_o probability_n and_o then_o cast_v they_o up_o all_o right_a together_o choose_v that_o side_n which_o have_v the_o overbalance_n §_o 17._o intuitive_a knowledge_n be_v the_o perception_n of_o the_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n immediate_o compare_v together_o rational_a knowledge_n be_v the_o perception_n of_o the_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o one_o or_o more_o other_o idea_n judgement_n be_v the_o think_v or_o take_v two_o idea_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v by_o the_o intervention_n of_o one_o or_o more_o idea_n who_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n with_o they_o it_o do_v not_o perceive_v but_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v frequent_a and_o usual_a §_o 18._o though_o the_o deduce_a one_o proposition_n from_o another_o or_o make_v inference_n in_o word_n be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o which_o it_o be_v usual_o employ_v about_o yet_o the_o principal_a act_n of_o ratiocination_n be_v the_o find_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n one_o with_o another_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o a_o three_o as_o a_o man_n by_o a_o yard_n find_v two_o house_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o length_n which_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v together_o to_o measure_v their_o equality_n by_o juxta-position_n word_n have_v their_o consequence_n as_o the_o sign_n of_o such_o idea_n and_o thing_n agree_v or_o disagree_v as_o real_o they_o be_v but_o we_o observe_v it_o only_o by_o our_o idea_n §_o 19_o before_o we_o quit_v this_o subject_a it_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o while_n a_o little_a to_o reflect_v on_o four_o sort_n of_o argument_n that_o man_n in_o their_o reason_n with_o other_o do_v ordinary_o make_v use_n of_o to_o prevail_v on_o their_o assent_n or_o at_o least_o so_o to_o awe_v they_o as_o to_o silence_v their_o opposition_n first_o the_o first_o be_v to_o allege_v the_o opinion_n of_o man_n who_o part_n learning_n eminency_n power_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n have_v gain_v a_o reputation_n to_o and_o settle_v in_o the_o common_a esteem_n with_o some_o kind_n of_o authority_n when_o man_n be_v establish_v in_o any_o kind_n of_o dignity_n it_o be_v think_v a_o breach_n of_o modesty_n for_o other_o to_o derogate_v any_o way_n from_o it_o and_o question_v the_o authority_n of_o man_n who_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o this_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v censure_v as_o carry_v with_o it_o too_o much_o of_o pride_n when_o a_o man_n do_v not_o ready_o vail_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o approve_a author_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v with_o respect_n and_o submission_n by_o other_o and_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o insolence_n for_o a_o man_n to_o set_v up_o and_o adhere_v to_o his_o own_o opinion_n against_o the_o
current_a stream_n of_o antiquity_n or_o to_o put_v it_o in_o the_o balance_n against_o that_o of_o some_o learned_a doctor_n or_o otherwise_o approve_a writer_n whoever_o back_v his_o tenet_n with_o such_o authority_n think_v he_o ought_v thereby_o to_o carry_v the_o cause_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o style_v it_o impudence_n in_o any_o one_o who_o shall_v stand_v out_o against_o they_o this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v call_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la verecundiam_fw-la second_o §_o 20._o another_o way_n that_o man_n ordinary_o use_v to_o drive_v other_o and_o force_v they_o to_o submit_v their_o judgement_n and_o receive_v the_o opinion_n in_o debate_n be_v to_o require_v the_o adversary_n to_o admit_v what_o they_o allege_v as_o a_o proof_n or_o to_o assign_v a_o better_a and_o this_o i_o call_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la §_o 21._o three_o a_o three_o way_n be_v to_o press_v a_o man_n with_o consequence_n draw_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n or_o concession_n this_o be_v already_o know_v under_o the_o name_n of_o argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la §_o 22._o four_o the_o four_o be_v the_o use_n of_o proof_n draw_v from_o any_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o knowledge_n or_o probability_n this_o i_o call_v argumentum_fw-la ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la this_o alone_a of_o all_o the_o four_o bring_v true_a instruction_n with_o it_o and_o advance_v we_o in_o our_o way_n to_o knowledge_n for_o 1._o it_o argue_v not_o another_o man_n opinion_n to_o be_v right_a because_o i_o out_o of_o respect_n or_o any_o other_o consideration_n but_o that_o of_o conviction_n will_v not_o contradict_v he_o 2._o it_o prove_v not_o another_o man_n to_o be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n nor_o that_o i_o ought_v to_o take_v the_o same_o with_o he_o because_o i_o know_v not_o a_o better_a 3._o nor_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o another_o man_n be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n because_o he_o have_v show_v i_o that_o i_o be_o in_o the_o wrong_n i_o may_v be_v modest_a and_o therefore_o not_o oppose_v another_o man_n persuasion_n i_o may_v be_v ignorant_a and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v a_o better_a i_o may_v be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o another_o may_v show_v i_o that_o i_o be_o so_o this_o may_v dispose_v i_o perhaps_o for_o the_o reception_n of_o truth_n but_o help_v i_o not_o to_o it_o that_o must_v come_v from_o proof_n and_o argument_n and_o light_n arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n themselves_o and_o not_o from_o my_o shamefacedness_n ignorance_n or_o error_n §_o 23._o by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v of_o reason_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v some_o guess_n at_o thâ—_n distinction_n of_o thing_n into_o those_o that_o be_v according_a to_o above_z and_o contrary_a to_o reason_n 1._o according_a to_o reason_n be_v such_o proposition_n who_o truth_n we_o can_v discover_v by_o examine_v and_o trace_v those_o idea_n we_o have_v from_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n and_o by_o natural_a deduction_n find_v to_o be_v true_a or_o probable_a 2._o above_o reason_n be_v such_o proposition_n who_o truth_n or_o probability_n we_o can_v by_o reason_n derive_v from_o those_o principle_n 3._o contrary_n to_o reason_n be_v such_o proposition_n as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o or_o irreconcilable_a to_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n thus_o the_o existence_n of_o one_o god_n be_v according_a to_o reason_n the_o existence_n of_o more_o than_o one_o god_n contrary_a to_o reason_n the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o body_n after_o death_n above_o reason_n above_o reason_n also_o may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n viz._n above_o probability_n or_o above_o certainty_n and_o in_o that_o large_a sense_n also_o contrary_a to_o reason_n be_v i_o suppose_v sometime_o take_v §_o 24._o there_o be_v another_o use_n of_o the_o word_n reason_n wherein_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o faith_n which_o though_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o very_a improper_a way_n of_o speak_v yet_o common_a use_n have_v so_o authorize_v it_o that_o it_o will_v be_v folly_n either_o to_o oppose_v or_o hope_v to_o remedy_v it_o only_o i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o however_o faith_n be_v oppose_v to_o reason_n faith_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o firm_a assent_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o if_o it_o be_v regulate_v as_o be_v our_o duty_n can_v be_v afford_v to_o any_o thing_n but_o upon_o good_a reason_n and_o so_o can_v be_v opposite_a to_o it_o he_o that_o believe_v without_o have_v any_o reason_n for_o believe_v may_v be_v in_o love_n with_o his_o own_o fancy_n but_o neither_o seek_v truth_n as_o he_o ought_v nor_o pay_v the_o obedience_n due_a to_o his_o maker_n who_o will_v have_v he_o use_v those_o discern_a faculty_n he_o have_v give_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o mistake_n and_o error_n he_o that_o do_v not_o this_o to_o the_o best_a of_o his_o power_n however_o he_o sometime_o light_v on_o truth_n be_v in_o the_o right_n but_o by_o chance_n and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o luckiness_n of_o the_o accident_n will_v excuse_v the_o irregularity_n of_o his_o proceed_n this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o must_v be_v accountable_a for_o whatever_o mistake_v he_o run_v into_o whereas_o he_o that_o make_v use_v of_o the_o light_n and_o faculty_n god_n have_v give_v he_o and_o seek_v sincere_o to_o discover_v truth_n by_o those_o help_n and_o ability_n he_o have_v may_v have_v this_o satisfaction_n in_o do_v his_o duty_n as_o a_o rational_a creature_n that_o though_o he_o shall_v miss_v truth_n he_o will_v not_o miss_v the_o reward_n of_o it_o for_o he_o govern_v his_o assent_n right_a and_o place_n it_o as_o he_o shall_v who_o in_o any_o case_n or_o matter_n whatsoever_o believe_v or_o disbelieve_v according_a as_o reason_n direct_v he_o he_o that_o do_v otherwise_o transgress_v against_o his_o own_o light_n and_o misuse_v the_o faculty_n which_o be_v give_v he_o to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o search_v and_o follow_v the_o clear_a evidence_n and_o great_a probability_n but_o since_o reason_n and_o faith_n be_v by_o some_o man_n oppose_v we_o will_v so_o consider_v they_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n xviii_o of_o faith_n and_o reason_n and_o their_o distinct_a province_n §_o 1._o it_o have_v be_v above_o show_v 1._o that_o we_o be_v of_o necessity_n ignorant_a and_o want_v knowledge_n of_o all_o sort_n where_o we_o want_v idea_n 2._o that_o we_o be_v ignorant_a and_o want_v rational_a knowledge_n where_o we_o want_v proof_n 3._o that_o we_o want_v general_a knowledge_n and_o certainty_n as_o far_o as_o we_o want_v clear_a and_o determine_v specific_a idea_n 4._o that_o we_o want_v probability_n to_o direct_v our_o assent_n in_o matter_n where_o we_o have_v neither_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o nor_o testimony_n of_o other_o man_n to_o bottom_v our_o reason_n upon_o from_o these_o thing_n thus_o premise_v i_o think_v we_o may_v come_v to_o lay_v down_o the_o measure_n and_o boundary_n between_o faith_n and_o reason_n the_o want_n whereof_o may_v possible_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n if_o not_o of_o great_a disorder_n yet_o at_o least_o of_o great_a dispute_n and_o perhaps_o mistake_v in_o the_o world_n for_o till_o it_o be_v resolve_v how_o far_o we_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o reason_n and_o how_o far_o by_o faith_n we_o shall_v in_o vain_a dispute_n and_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v one_o another_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n §_o 2._o i_o find_v every_o sect_n as_o far_o as_o reason_n will_v help_v they_o make_v use_n of_o it_o glad_o and_o where_o it_o fail_v they_o they_o cry_v out_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o above_o reason_n and_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o can_v ever_o be_v convince_v by_o any_o who_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o plea_n without_o set_v down_o strict_a boundary_n between_o faith_n and_o reason_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o first_o point_n establish_v in_o all_o question_n where_o faith_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v reason_n therefore_o here_o as_o contradistinguish_v to_o faith_n i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o certainty_n or_o probability_n of_o such_o proposition_n or_o truth_n which_o the_o mind_n arrive_v at_o by_o deduction_n make_v from_o such_o idea_n which_o it_o have_v get_v by_o the_o use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n viz._n by_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n i'faith_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v the_o assent_n to_o any_o proposition_n not_o thus_o make_v out_o by_o the_o deduction_n of_o reason_n but_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o proposer_n as_o come_v immediate_o from_o god_n which_o we_o call_v revelation_n §_o 3._o first_o then_o i_o say_v that_o no_o man_n inspire_v by_o god_n can_v by_o any_o revelation_n communicate_v to_o other_o any_o new_a simple_a idea_n which_o they_o have_v not_o before_o from_o sensation_n or_o reflection_n for_o
probability_n there_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o in_o our_o choice_n to_o take_v which_o side_n we_o please_v if_o manifest_a odds_o appear_v on_o either_o the_o great_a probability_n i_o think_v in_o that_o case_n will_v determine_v the_o assent_n and_o a_o man_n can_v no_o more_o avoid_v assent_v or_o take_v it_o to_o be_v true_a where_o he_o perceive_v the_o great_a probability_n than_o he_o can_v avoid_v know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a where_o he_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o foundation_n of_o error_n will_v lie_v in_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o vice_n in_o wrong_a measure_n of_o good_n §_o 17._o four_o the_o four_o and_o last_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o which_o keep_v in_o ignorance_n or_o error_n more_o people_n than_o all_o the_o other_o together_o be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n i_o mean_v the_o giving_z up_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n either_o of_o our_o friend_n or_o party_n neighbourhood_n or_o country_n how_o many_o man_n have_v no_o other_o ground_n for_o their_o tenet_n than_o the_o suppose_a honesty_n or_o learning_n or_o number_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n as_o if_o honest_a or_o bookish_a man_n can_v not_o err_v or_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o multitude_n yet_o this_o with_o most_o man_n serve_v the_o turn_n the_o tenet_n have_v have_v the_o attestation_n of_o reverend_a antiquity_n it_o come_v to_o i_o with_o the_o passport_n of_o former_a age_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o secure_a in_o the_o reception_n i_o give_v it_o other_o man_n have_v be_v and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n for_o that_o be_v all_o be_v say_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v reasonable_a for_o i_o to_o embrace_v it_o a_o man_n may_v more_o justifiable_o throw_v up_o cross_n and_o pile_n for_o his_o opinion_n than_o take_v they_o up_o by_o such_o measure_n all_o man_n be_v liable_a to_o error_n and_o most_o man_n be_v in_o many_o point_n by_o passion_n or_o interest_n under_o temptation_n to_o it_o if_o we_o can_v but_o see_v the_o secret_a motive_n that_o influence_v the_o man_n of_o name_n and_o learning_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o party_n we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o embrace_v of_o truth_n for_o its_o own_o sake_n that_o make_v they_o espouse_v the_o doctrine_n they_o own_v and_o maintain_v this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v not_o a_o opinion_n so_o absurd_a which_o a_o man_n may_v not_o receive_v upon_o this_o ground_n there_o be_v no_o error_n to_o be_v name_v which_o have_v not_o have_v its_o professor_n and_o a_o man_n shall_v never_o want_v crooked_a path_n to_o walk_v in_o if_o he_o think_v he_o be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n wherever_o he_o have_v the_o footstep_n of_o other_o to_o follow_v §_o 18._o but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a noise_n be_v make_v in_o the_o world_n about_o error_n and_o opinion_n i_o must_v do_v mankind_n that_o right_o as_o to_o say_v there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o man_n in_o error_n and_o wrong_a opinion_n as_o be_v common_o suppose_v not_o that_o i_o think_v they_o embrace_v the_o truth_n but_o indeed_o because_o concern_v those_o doctrine_n they_o keep_v such_o a_o stir_n about_o they_o have_v no_o thought_n no_o opinion_n at_o all_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v a_o little_a catechise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o partisan_n of_o most_o of_o the_o sect_n in_o the_o world_n he_o will_v not_o find_v concern_v those_o matter_n they_o be_v so_o zealous_a for_o that_o they_o have_v any_o opinion_n of_o their_o own_o much_o less_o will_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o take_v they_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o argument_n and_o appearance_n of_o probability_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o stick_v to_o a_o party_n that_o education_n or_o interest_n have_v engage_v they_o in_o and_o there_o like_o the_o common_a soldier_n of_o a_o army_n show_v their_o courage_n and_o warmth_n as_o their_o leader_n direct_v without_o ever_o examine_v or_o so_o much_o as_o know_v the_o cause_n they_o contend_v for_o if_o a_o man_n life_n show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o serious_a regard_n to_o religion_n for_o what_o reason_n shall_v we_o think_v that_o he_o beat_v his_o head_n about_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o church_n and_o trouble_v himself_o to_o examine_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o or_o that_o doctrine_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o he_o to_o obey_v his_o leader_n to_o have_v his_o hand_n and_o his_o tongue_n ready_a for_o the_o support_n of_o the_o common_a cause_n and_o thereby_o approve_v himself_o to_o those_o who_o can_v give_v he_o credit_n preferment_n or_o protection_n in_o that_o society_n thus_o man_n become_v professor_n of_o and_o combatant_n for_o those_o opinion_n they_o be_v never_o convince_v of_o nor_o proselyte_n to_o no_o nor_o ever_o have_v so_o much_o as_o float_v in_o their_o head_n and_o though_o one_o can_v say_v there_o be_v few_o improbable_a opinion_n in_o the_o world_n than_o there_o be_v yet_o this_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v few_o that_o actual_o assent_v to_o they_o than_o be_v imagine_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o science_n §_o 1._o all_z that_o can_v fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n be_v either_o first_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o their_o relation_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o operation_n or_o second_o that_o which_o man_n himself_o ought_v to_o do_v as_o a_o rational_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o any_o end_n especial_o happiness_n or_o three_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o be_v attain_v and_o communicate_v i_o think_v science_n may_v be_v divide_v proper_o into_o these_o three_o sort_n §_o 2._o first_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o proper_a being_n their_o constitution_n property_n and_o operation_n whereby_o i_o mean_v not_o only_a matter_n and_o body_n but_o spirit_n also_o which_o have_v their_o proper_a nature_n constitution_n and_o operation_n as_o well_o as_o body_n this_o in_o a_o little_a more_o enlarge_v sense_n of_o the_o word_n i_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a philosophy_n the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v bare_a speculative_a truth_n and_o whatsoever_o can_v afford_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n any_o such_o fall_v under_o this_o branch_n whether_o it_o be_v god_n himself_o angel_n spirit_n body_n or_o any_o other_o of_o their_o affection_n as_o number_n and_o figure_n etc._n etc._n §_o 3._o second_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o skill_n of_o right_o apply_v our_o own_o power_n and_o action_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o thing_n good_a and_o useful_a the_o most_o considerable_a under_o this_o head_n be_v ethic_n which_o be_v the_o seek_v out_o those_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o (null)_o action_n which_o lead_v to_o happiness_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o practice_v they_o the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v not_o bare_a speculation_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n but_o right_o and_o a_o conduct_v suitable_a to_o it_o §_o 4._o three_o the_o three_o branch_n may_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sign_n the_o most_o usual_a whereof_o being_n word_n it_o be_v apt_o enough_o term_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d logic_n the_o business_n whereof_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o sign_n the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o thing_n or_o convey_v its_o knowledge_n to_o other_o for_o since_o the_o thing_n the_o mind_n contemplate_v be_v none_o of_o they_o beside_o itself_o present_a to_o the_o understanding_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o something_o else_o as_o a_o sign_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o consider_v shall_v be_v present_a to_o it_o and_o these_o be_v idea_n and_o because_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o man_n mind_n can_v immediate_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o view_n of_o another_o nor_o be_v themselves_o lay_v up_o any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o memory_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o let_v they_o go_v and_o lose_v they_o therefore_o to_o communicate_v our_o idea_n one_o to_o another_o as_o well_o as_o record_v they_o for_o our_o own_o use_n sign_n of_o our_o idea_n be_v also_o necessary_a those_o which_o man_n have_v find_v most_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o general_o make_v use_n of_o be_v articulate_a sound_n the_o consideration_n then_o of_o idea_n and_o word_n as_o the_o great_a instrument_n of_o knowledge_n make_v no_o despicable_a part_n of_o their_o contemplation_n who_o will_v take_v a_o
the_o relation_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o rule_n any_o action_n be_v compare_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a chap._n xxviii_o of_o clear_a and_o distinct_a obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n sect_n 1._o idea_n some_o clear_a and_o distinct_a other_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a 2._o clear_a and_o obscure_a explain_v by_o sight_n 3._o cause_n of_o obscurity_n 4._o distinct_a and_o confuse_a what_o 5._o objection_n 6._o confusion_n of_o idea_n be_v in_o reference_n to_o their_o name_n 7._o default_n which_o make_v confusion_n first_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o too_o few_o simple_a one_o 8._o second_o or_o its_o simple_a one_o jumble_v disorderly_a together_o 9_o three_o or_o be_v mutable_a and_o undetermined_a 10._o confusion_n without_o reference_n to_o name_n hardly_o conceivable_a 11._o confusion_n concern_v always_o two_o idea_n 12._o cause_n of_o confusion_n 13._o complex_fw-la idea_n may_v be_v distinct_a in_o one_o part_n and_o confuse_a in_o another_o 14._o this_o if_o not_o heed_v cause_v confusion_n in_o our_o arguing_n 15._o instance_n in_o eternity_n 16_o 17._o divisibility_n of_o matter_n chap._n xxix_o of_o real_a and_o fantastical_a idea_n sect_n 1._o real_a idea_n be_v conformable_a to_o their_o archetype_n 2._o simple_n idea_n all_o real_a 3._o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v voluntary_a combination_n 4._o mix_v modes_n make_v of_o consistent_a idea_n be_v real_a 5._o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v real_a when_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n chap._n xxx_o of_o adequate_a and_o inadequate_a idea_n sect_n 1._o adequate_a idea_n be_v such_o as_o perfect_o represent_v their_o archetype_n 2._o simple_n idea_n all_o adequate_a 3._o modes_n be_v all_o adequate_a 4_o 5._o modes_n in_o reference_n to_o settle_a name_n may_v be_v inadequate_a 6_o 7._o idea_n of_o substance_n as_o refer_v to_o real_a essence_n not_o adequate_a 8_o 11._o idea_n of_o substance_n as_o collection_n of_o their_o quality_n be_v all_o inadequate_a 12._o simple_n idea_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o adequate_a 13._o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d inadequate_a 14._o idea_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n be_v archetype_n and_o can_v but_o be_v adequate_a chap._n xxi_o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n sect_n 1._o truth_n and_o falsehood_n proper_o belong_v to_o proposition_n 2._o metaphysical_a truth_n contain_v a_o tacit_n proposition_n 3._o no_o idea_n as_o a_o appearance_n in_o the_o mind_n true_a or_o false_a 4._o idea_n refer_v to_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v true_a or_o false_a 5._o other_o man_n idea_n real_a existence_n and_o suppose_v real_a essence_n be_v what_o man_n usual_o refer_v their_o idea_n to_o 6_o 8._o the_o cause_n of_o such_o reference_n 9_o simple_n idea_n may_v be_v false_a in_o reference_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o be_v least_o liable_a to_o be_v so_o 10._o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n most_o liable_a to_o be_v false_a in_o this_o sense_n 11._o or_o at_o least_o to_o be_v think_v false_a 12._o and_o why_o 13._o as_o refer_v to_o real_a existence_n none_o of_o our_o idea_n can_v be_v false_a but_o those_o of_o substance_n 14_o 16._o first_o simple_z idea_n in_o this_o sense_n not_o false_a and_o why_o 15._o though_o one_o man_n idea_n of_o blue_n shall_v be_v different_a from_o another_o 17._o second_o modes_n not_o false_a 18._o three_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v false_a when_o the_o combination_n be_v make_v of_o simple_a idea_n that_o do_v never_o co-exist_a or_o have_v in_o it_o the_o negation_n of_o any_o one_o that_o do_v constant_o coexi_v 19_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n always_o suppose_v affirmation_n or_o negation_n 20._o idea_n in_o themselves_o neither_o true_a nor_o false_a 21._o but_o be_v false_a first_o when_o judge_v agreeable_a to_o another_o man_n idea_n without_o be_v so_o 22._o second_o when_o judge_v to_o agree_v to_o real_a existence_n when_o they_o do_v not_o 23._o three_o when_o judge_v adequate_a without_o be_v so_o 24._o four_o when_o judge_v to_o represent_v the_o real_a essence_n 25._o ideas_n when_o false_a 26._o more_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v right_o or_o wrong_n 27._o conclusion_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._o of_o word_n or_o language_n in_o general_n sect_n 1._o man_n fit_v to_o form_n articulate_v sound_n 2._o to_o make_v they_o sign_n of_o idea_n 3_o 4._o to_o make_v general_a sign_n 5._o word_n ultimate_o derive_v from_o such_o as_o signify_v sensible_a idea_n 6._o distribution_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n lect_v 1._o word_n be_v sensible_a sign_n necessary_a for_o communication_n 2_o 3._o word_n be_v the_o sensible_a sign_n of_o his_o idea_n who_o use_v they_o 4._o word_n often_o secret_o refer_v first_o to_o the_o idea_n in_o other_o man_n mind_n 5._o second_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n 6._o word_n by_o use_n ready_o excite_v idea_n 7._o word_n often_o use_v without_o signification_n 8._o their_o signification_n perfect_o arbitrary_a chap._n iii_o of_o general_a term_n sect_n 1._o the_o great_a part_n of_o word_n general_a 2._o for_o every_o particular_a thing_n to_o have_v a_o name_n be_v impossible_a 3_o 4._o and_o useless_a 5._o what_o thing_n have_v proper_a name_n 6_o 8._o how_o general_a word_n be_v make_v 9_o general_a nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o abstract_a idea_n 10._o why_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v ordinary_o make_v use_n of_o in_o definition_n 11._o general_n and_o universal_a be_v creature_n of_o the_o understanding_n 12._o abstract_n idea_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o genera_n and_o species_n 13._o they_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n but_o have_v their_o foundation_n in_o the_o similitude_n of_o thing_n 14._o each_o distinct_a abstract_n idea_n be_v a_o distinct_a essence_n 15._o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n 16._o constant_a connexion_n between_o the_o name_n and_o nominal_a essence_n 17._o supposition_n that_o species_n be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o real_a essence_n useless_a 18._o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n the_o same_o in_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n different_a in_o substance_n 19_o essence_n ingenerable_a and_o incorruptible_a 20._o recapitulation_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n sect_n 1._o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n modes_n and_o substance_n have_v each_o something_o peculiar_a 2._o first_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n intimate_v real_a existence_n 3._o second_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n signify_v always_o both_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n 4._o three_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n undefinable_a 5._o if_o all_o be_v definable_a it_o will_v be_v a_o process_n in_o infinitum_fw-la 6._o what_o a_o definition_n be_v 7._o simple_n idea_n why_o undefinable_a 8_o 9_o instance_n motion_n 10._o light_n 11._o simple_n idea_n why_o undefinable_a far_o explain_v 12_o 13._o the_o contrary_a show_v in_o complex_fw-la idea_n by_o instance_n of_o a_o statue_n and_o rainbow_n 14._o the_o name_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n when_o to_o be_v make_v intelligible_a by_o word_n 15._o four_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n least_o doubtful_a 16._o five_o simple_a idea_n have_v few_o ascent_n in_o linea_fw-la praedicamentali_fw-la 17._o six_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n stand_v for_o idea_n not_o at_o all_o arbitrary_a chap._n v._o of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o relation_n sect_n 1._o they_o stand_v for_o abstract_n idea_n as_o other_o general_a name_n 2._o first_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v make_v by_o the_o understanding_n 3._o second_o make_v arbitrary_o and_o without_o pattern_n 4._o how_o this_o be_v do_v 5._o evident_o arbitrary_a in_o that_o the_o idea_n be_v often_o before_o the_o existence_n 6._o instance_n murder_n incest_n stab_v 7._o but_o still_o subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o end_n of_o language_n 8._o whereof_o the_o intranslatable_a word_n of_o divers_a language_n be_v a_o proof_n 9_o this_o show_v species_n to_o be_v make_v for_o communication_n 10_o 11._o in_o mix_a mode_n it_o be_v the_o name_n that_o tie_v the_o combination_n together_o and_o make_v it_o a_o species_n 12._o for_o the_o original_n of_o mix_a modes_n we_o look_v no_o far_o than_o the_o mind_n which_o also_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n 13._o their_o be_v make_v by_o the_o understanding_n without_o pattern_n show_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v so_o compound_v 14._o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n stand_v always_o for_o their_o real_a essence_n 15._o why_o their_o name_n be_v usual_o get_v before_o their_o idea_n 16._o reason_n of_o my_o be_v so_o large_a on_o this_o subject_a chap._n vi_o of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n sect_n 1._o the_o common_a name_n of_o substance_n stand_v for_o sort_n 2._o the_o essence_n of_o each_o sort_n be_v the_o abstract_n idea_n 3._o the_o nominal_a and_o real_a essence_n different_a 4_o 6._o nothing_o essential_a to_o individual_n 7_o 8._o the_o
nominal_a essence_n bound_v the_o species_n 9_o not_o the_o real_a essence_n which_o we_o know_v not_o 10._o not_o substantial_a form_n which_o we_o know_v less_o 11._o that_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v that_o whereby_o we_o distinguish_v species_n far_a evident_a from_o spirit_n 12._o whereof_o there_o be_v probable_o numberless_a species_n 13._o the_o nominal_a essence_n that_o of_o the_o species_n prove_v from_o water_n and_o ice_n 14_o 18_o difficulty_n against_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o real_a essence_n 19_o our_o nominal_a essence_n of_o substance_n not_o perfect_a collection_n of_o property_n 21._o but_o such_o a_o collection_n as_o our_o name_n stand_v for_o 22._o our_o abstract_a idea_n be_v to_o we_o the_o measure_n of_o species_n instance_n in_o that_o of_o man._n 23._o species_n not_o distinguish_v by_o generation_n 24._o distinguish_v they_o by_o substantial_a form_n not_o pretend_v to_o but_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n substance_n distinguish_v into_o species_n by_o their_o obvious_a appearance_n before_o substantial_a form_n be_v think_v of_o 25._o the_o specific_a essence_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n 26._o therefore_o very_o various_a and_o uncertain_a 27._o but_o not_o so_o arbitrary_o as_o mix_v modes_n 28._o though_o very_o imperfect_a 29._o which_o yet_o serve_v for_o common_a converse_n 30._o but_o make_v several_a essence_n signify_v by_o the_o same_o name_n 31._o the_o more_o general_a our_o idea_n be_v the_o more_o incomplete_a and_o partial_a they_o be_v 32._o this_o all_o accommodate_v to_o the_o end_n of_o speech_n 33._o instance_n in_o cassuary_n 34._o man_n make_v the_o species_n instance_n gold_n 35._o though_o nature_n make_v the_o similitude_n 36._o and_o continue_v it_o in_o the_o raze_n of_o thing_n 37._o each_o abstract_a idea_n be_v a_o essence_n 38._o genera_n and_o species_n in_o order_n to_o name_v instance_n watch_n 39_o species_n of_o artificial_a thing_n less_o confuse_v than_o natural_a 40._o artificial_a thing_n of_o distinct_a species_n 41._o substance_n alone_o have_v proper_a name_n 42._o difficulty_n to_o treat_v of_o word_n with_o word_n 43_o 44._o instance_n of_o mix_a modes_n in_o kineah_n and_o niouph_n 45_o 46._o instance_n of_o substance_n in_o zahab_n 47._o their_o idea_n imperfect_a and_o therefore_o various_a 48._o therefore_o to_o fix_v their_o species_n a_o real_a essence_n be_v suppose_v 49._o which_o supposition_n be_v of_o no_o use_n 50._o conclusion_n chap._n vii_o of_o particle_n sect_n 1._o particle_n connect_v part_n or_o whole_a sentence_n together_o 2._o in_o they_o consist_v the_o art_n of_o well_o speak_v 3_o 4._o they_o show_v what_o relation_n the_o mind_n give_v to_o its_o own_o thought_n 5._o instance_n in_o but._n 6._o this_o matter_n but_o ligh_o touch_v here_o chap._n viii_o of_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a term_n sect_n 1._o abstract_n term_n not_o predicable_a one_o of_o another_o and_o why_o 2._o they_o show_v the_o difference_n of_o our_o idea_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n sect_n 1._o word_n be_v use_v for_o record_v and_o communicate_v our_o thought_n 2._o any_o word_n will_v serve_v for_o record_v 3._o communication_n by_o word_n civil_a or_o philosophical_a 4._o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n be_v the_o doubtfulness_n of_o their_o signification_n 5._o cause_n of_o their_o imperfection_n 6._o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n doubtful_a first_o because_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v so_o complex_fw-la 7._o second_o because_o they_o have_v no_o standard_n 8._o propriety_n not_o a_o sufficient_a remedy_n 9_o the_o way_n of_o learn_v these_o name_n contribute_v also_o to_o their_o doubtfulness_n 10._o hence_o unavoidable_a obscurity_n in_o ancient_a author_n 12._o first_o to_o real_a essence_n that_o can_v be_v know_v 13_o 14._o second_o to_o co-existing_a quality_n which_o be_v know_v but_o imperfect_o 15._o with_o this_o imperfection_n they_o may_v serve_v for_o civil_a but_o not_o well_o for_o philosophical_a use_n 16._o instance_n liquor_n of_o nerve_n 17._o instance_n gold_n 18._o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n the_o least_o doubtful_a 19_o and_o next_o to_o they_o simple_a modes_n 20._o the_o most_o doubtful_a be_v the_o name_n of_o very_o compound_v mix_v modes_n and_o substance_n 21._o why_o this_o imperfection_n charge_v upon_o word_n 22_o 23._o this_o shall_v teach_v we_o moderation_n in_o impose_v our_o own_o sense_n of_o old_a author_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n sect_n 1._o abuse_v of_o word_n 2_o 3._o first_o word_n without_o any_o or_o without_o idea_n 4._o occasion_v by_o learning_n name_n before_o the_o idea_n they_o belong_v to_o 5._o second_o unsteady_a application_n of_o they_o 6._o three_o affect_v obscurity_n by_o wrong_a application_n 7._o logic_n and_o dispute_n have_v much_o contribute_v to_o this_o 8._o call_v it_o subtlety_n 9_o this_o learning_n very_o little_a benefit_a society_n 10._o but_o destroy_v the_o instrument_n of_o knowledge_n and_o communication_n 11._o as_o useful_a as_o to_o confound_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o letter_n 12._o this_o art_n have_v perplex_v religion_n and_o justice._n 13._o and_o ought_v not_o to_o pass_v for_o learning_n 14._o four_o abuse_n take_v they_o for_o thing_n 15._o instance_n in_o matter_n 16._o this_o make_v error_n last_v 17._o five_o abuse_v set_v they_o for_o what_o they_o can_v signify_v 18._o v._o g._n put_v they_o for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o substance_n 19_o hence_o we_o think_v every_o change_n of_o our_o idea_n in_o substance_n not_o to_o change_v the_o specie_fw-la 20._o the_o cause_n of_o this_o abuse_n a_o supposition_n of_o nature_n work_v always_o regular_o 21._o this_o abuse_n contain_v two_o false_a supposition_n 22._o six_o abuse_v a_o supposition_n that_o word_n have_v a_o certain_a and_o evident_a signification_n 23._o the_o end_n of_o language_n first_o to_o convey_v our_o idea_n 24._o second_o to_o do_v it_o with_o quickness_n 25._o three_o therewith_o to_o convey_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n 26_o 31._o how_o man_n word_n fail_v in_o all_o these_o 32._o how_o in_o substance_n 33._o how_o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n 34._o seven_o figurative_a speech_n also_o a_o abuse_n of_o language_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o foregoing_a imperfection_n and_o abuse_n sect_n 1._o they_o be_v worth_a seek_v 2._o be_v not_o easy_a 3._o but_o yet_o necessary_a to_o philosophy_n 4._o misuse_v of_o word_n the_o cause_n of_o great_a error_n 5._o obstinacy_n 6._o and_o wrangle_a 7._o instance_n bat_n and_o bird._n 8._o first_o remedy_n to_o use_v no_o word_n without_o a_o idea_n 9_o second_o have_v distinct_a idea_n annex_v to_o they_o in_o modes_n 10._o and_o distinct_a and_o conformable_a in_o substance_n 11._o three_o propriety_n 12._o four_o to_o make_v know_v their_o meaning_n 13._o and_o that_o three_o way_n 14._o first_o in_o simple_a idea_n by_o synonymous_a term_n or_o show_v 15._o second_o in_o mix_a modes_n by_o definition_n 16._o morality_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n 17._o definition_n can_v make_v moral_a discourse_n clear_a 18._o and_o be_v the_o only_a way_n 19_o three_o in_o substance_n by_o show_v and_o define_v 20_o 21_o idea_n of_o the_o lead_a quality_n of_o substance_n be_v best_a get_v by_o show_v 22._o the_o idea_n of_o their_o power_n best_o by_o definition_n 23._o a_o reflection_n on_o the_o knowledge_n of_o spirit_n 24._o idea_n also_o of_o substance_n must_v be_v conformable_a to_o thing_n 25._o not_o easy_a to_o be_v make_v so_o 26._o five_o remedy_n constancy_n in_o their_o signification_n 27._o where_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v explain_v when_o vary_v book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n sect_n 1._o our_o knowledge_n conversant_a about_o our_o idea_n 2._o knowledge_n be_v the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n 3._o this_o agreement_n fourfold_a 4._o first_o of_o identity_n or_o diversity_n 5._o second_o relative_n 6._o three_o of_o coexistence_n 7._o four_o of_o real_a existence_n 8._o knowledge_n actual_a or_o habitual_a 9_o habitual_a knowledge_n twofold_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n sect_n 1._o intuitive_n 2._o demonstrative_a 3._o depend_v on_o proof_n 4._o but_o not_o so_o easy_a 5._o not_o without_o precedent_a doubt_n 6._o not_o so_o clear_a 7._o each_o step_n must_v have_v intuitive_a evidence_n 8._o hence_o the_o mistake_n ex_fw-la praecognitis_fw-la &_o praeconcessis_fw-la 9_o demonstration_n not_o limit_v to_o quantity_n 10_o 13._o why_o it_o have_v be_v so_o think_v 14._o sensitive_a knowledge_n of_o particular_a existence_n 15._o knowledge_n not_o always_o clear_a where_o the_o idea_n be_v so_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n sect_n 1._o first_o no_o far_o than_o we_o have_v idea_n 2._o second_o no_o far_o than_o we_o can_v perceive_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n 3._o three_o intuitive_a knowledge_n extend_v